Wikipedia http://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapan_ya_Bolong MediaWiki 1.9alpha first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk Image Image talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk 1 edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed 2928 2006-12-09T02:38:05Z Arikasikis 11 Protected "[[Arapan ya Bolong]]" [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed] <!-- WELCOME BOX --> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 style="background:none"> <tr><td width="45%" style="padding-right:10px"> {| width=100% cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #B3B3FF; background-color:#ffffff; height:267px" | <div style="font-size:20px;text-align:center; padding:10px">'''Maabig ya Agew ed Sikayon Amin'''</div> |-- |<div style="text-align:justify; padding:10px;">Say [[Wikipedia]]: international web service ya '''lukas so loob to ed para amin'''. Sakey ya [[wiki]], sakey ya website ya na-edit ya anggano siopan undalaw. Say salitan '''Wikipedia''', pinantekep ya salitan nanlapod ''wiki'' tan ''encyclopedia''. ******** Akasulat ed [[Salitan Pangasinan]] so ayan Wikipedia. Karaklan ya makapansalita na [[Pangasinan]], naanap ed [[Luyag na Pangasinan]]. Siempre ondakel labat so akasulat dia, no dakel tayo ran [[Pangasinan]] ya man-contribute. No ag yo ni labay so man-contribute, loob kila bat! <br> *Bilang na Aritikulo Walay [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya artikulon akasulat ed Wikipedia natan. <br> *Agew Natan {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]] </div> |} {| width=100% cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="padding:1px; background-color:#F0FFCF; border:1px solid #B3B3FF; border-top: 0px; height:36px" |<center> <div style="margin: 0; background-color:#E1F1FF; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:91%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #C4C40F; text-align:center; color:#030; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;"> <font color="#3366BB">Pinablin atateng, agagi, san kaluyagan, loob kayo!</div> |} </td> <!-- /WELCOME BOX END --> <!-- FEATURED BOX --> <td style="vertical-align:top; align: right" width="45%"> {| width=100% cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="padding:1px; background-color:#DEECEF; border:1px solid #42808C; border-bottom: 0; height:36px" |<div style="margin: 0; background-color:#C4FFE4; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:91%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #7BB4BF; text-align:center; color:#386872; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Aka-Feature Natan</div> |} {| width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding="10" style=" border:1px solid #42808C; background-color:#ffffff; height:267px" | * [[Listaan na Antikeg ya Estoria ed Pangasinan]] * [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | Listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed Pangasinan]] * [[Listaan na Salitan English|Dictionari na English-Pangasinan]] * [[Cancion ed Pangasinan]] * [[Anlong ed Pangasinan|Saray Anlong (Poems) ed Pangasinan]] * [[Baley san Siyudad ed Luyag na Pangasinan]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan]] * [[Totoon Pangasinan]] * [[Filipinas]] * [[Dasal ed Pangasinan]] * [[Rito]] ==Pangibalikasan== [[Pangasinan Wiktionary]] * Salita ed sayan agew: [[Wikibalikasan/ilalo|ilalo]] |} </td> </tr> </table> <!-- /FEATURED BOX END --> <!-- YOU ARE NEEDED BOX --> <td style="vertical-align:top; align: right" width="45%"> {| width=100% cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="padding:1px; background-color:#ffDfEf; border:1px solid #42808C; border-bottom: 0; height:36px" |<div style="margin: 0; background-color:#EfffDf; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:130%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #7BB4BF; text-align:center; color:#0300A0; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Nakaukulan ka na Wikipedian Pangasinan!</div> |} {| width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding="10" style=" border:1px solid #42808C; background-color:#ffffff; height:0px" | '''Sarag mon naitulong ed Wikipedia''' * Mansulat na balon artikulo. Basa yo yan artikulo umpian naaralan yoy mansulat na balon artikulo. [[m:Help:Starting a new page]] * Man-edit na asulat lan artikulo. Basa yo yan artikulo umpian naaralan yoy man-edit na asulat lan artikulo. [[m:Help:Editing]] * Basaen so kumpleton [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]]. Mansulat na artikulon anggapo ni ed [[Pangasinan]]. '''Ulupan tayo ed Wikipedia''' * Diad [[Wikipedia:kaleskesan|kaleskesan]] tayo pantongtongan so amin ya bagay nipakar ed Wikipedian Pangasinan. * Diad [[Wikipedia:pankabatan|pankabatan]] tayo mikabat ed ulupan tayo diad Wikipedia. |} </td> </tr> </table> <!-- /YOU ARE NEEDED BOX END --> <br> <!-- CATEGORY BOX --> {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style=" background-color:#FFFFE8; border:1px solid #DDDD00; border-bottom: 0px;" | |<div style="margin: 0; background-color:#FFFFCE; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #ECEC00; text-align:center; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; color: #8C8C00;"><font color="#8C8C00">Kategori ed Wikipedian Pangasinan</font></div> |} {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DDDD00;" | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_bug.png|50px]] | width="45%" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Bayoloji]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Nipaakar ed Parte na Laman]] • [[Nipaakar ed Antropoji|Nipaakar ed Antropoloji]] • [[Nipaakar ed Talaman]]</font> | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Totoo san Ulupan]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Kabat ran Totoo]] • [[Grupon Ethnic]] • [[Ulupan]] '''</big><br/> |- | [[ Image:Christian cross.svg|35px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; " | '''[[Pananisia]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Biblia]] • [[Dasal]] • [[Rito]] • [[Kankanta]] • [[Bilay na Saray Santo]] • [[Arom ran Reliyon]] </font> | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|50px]] | width="90%" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Geography]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Asia]] • [[Amerika]] • [[Europe]] • [[Australya]]• [[Afrika]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_colors.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Panaon san Klima]]'''<br/> <font color="green">[[ekoloji]] • [[klima]] </font> | [[Image:P literature.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small" | '''[[Kultura tan Aral]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Eskwelaan]] • [[Librari]] • [[Sayaw]] |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_kchart.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Negosyo]]'''<br/><font color="green">[[Agro-Industrial]] • [[Trading]] • [[Banko san Finance]]</font> | [[Image:Nuvola apps ktip.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Philosofi]]'''<br/><font color="green">[[Ideoloji]]<br/><font color="green"></font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Phisiks]]'''<br/> | [[Image:p ps.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Klase na Gobyerno]]'''<br/><font color="green">[[Republik]] • [[Kaarian]] • [[Federalist]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Art]]'''<br/><font color="green"><br/><font color="green">[[Painting]] • [[Sculpture]]• [[Arkitekture]] </font> | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Chemistry]]'''<br/><font color="green"></font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Matematiks]]'''<br/><font color="green"></font> | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_knewsticker.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Media]]'''<br/><font color="green">[[Internet]] • [[Diaryo]] • [[Telebisyon]] • [[Radio]] • [[Magasin]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kworldclock.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Season]]'''<br/><font color="green">[[Season na Petang]] • [[Season na Uran]]</font> | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_juk.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Musik]]'''<br/><font color="green">[[Cancion ed Pangasinan]] • [[Pop]] • [[Kankanta|Cancion na Simbaan]] • [[Jazz]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_kmines.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Sports]]'''<br/><font color="green"></font> [[Basketball]]• [[Bisikleta]]• [[Boxing]]• [[Futball]] | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Salita]]'''<br/><font color="green"></font>[[Grammar]] • [[Diktionario]] • [[Listaan na Lingguahi]] </font> |}<br> <!-- /CATEGORY BOX END --> <!-- LANGUAGE BOX --> {| width=100% cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="padding:1px; background-color:#FFF3DD; border:1px solid #FFC253; border-bottom: 0;" |<div style="margin: 0; background-color:#FFEAC1; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #FFCF77; text-align:center; color:#C17D05; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Salita ya Uusarin ed Wikipedia</div> |} {| width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding="10" style="margin:0; height:100%px; border:1px solid #FFC253; background-color:#ffffff;" |{{SalitadWikipedia}} |} <!-- /LANGUAGE BOX END --> <!-- /SISTER PROJECT BOX --> {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style=" background-color:#FFFFE8; border:1px solid #DDDD00; border-bottom: 0px;" | |<div style="margin: 0; background-color:#FFFFCE; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #ECEC00; text-align:center; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; color: #8C8C00;"><font color="#8C8C00">Arom ran Proyekton Agi na Wikipedia</font></div> |} {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DDDD00;" {| width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding="10" style="margin:0; height:100%px; border:1px solid #FFC253; background-color:#ffffff;" |{{Agin Proyekto}}<br/> |} <!-- /SISTER PROJECT BOX END --> [[aa:]] [[af:]] [[als:]] [[ar:]] [[de:]] [[en:]] [[as:]] [[ast:]] [[ay:]] [[az:]] [[be:]] [[bg:]] [[bn:]] [[bo:]] [[bs:]] [[cbk-zam:]] [[cs:]] [[co:]] [[cs:]] [[cy:]] [[da:]] [[el:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[et:]] [[eu:]] [[fa:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[ga:]] [[gl:]] [[gn:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hy:]] [[io:]] [[ia:]] [[id:]] [[is:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ka:]] [[kk:]] [[km:]] [[kn:]] [[ko:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[ky:]] [[la:]] [[ln:]] [[lo:]] [[lt:]] [[lv:]] [[hu:]] [[mi:]] [[mk:]] [[ml:]] [[mn:]] [[mr:]] [[ms:]] [[mt:]] [[my:]] [[na:]] [[nah:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[oc:]] [[om:]] [[pa:]] [[pam:]] [[pl:]] [[ps:]] [[pt:]] [[qu:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[ru-sib:]] [[sa:]] [[si:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sq:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[sw:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tg:]] [[th:]] [[tk:]] [[tl:]] [[tr:]] [[tt:]] [[ug:]] [[uk:]] [[ur:]] [[uz:]] [[vi:]] [[vo:]] [[xh:]] [[yo:]] [[za:]] [[zh:]] [[zu:]] 2 4 2006-10-01T23:47:18Z Purodha 3 {{babel-16 | pag-0 | de | ksh | en-3 | la-2 | ru-1 | nds-1 | nl-1 | li-1 | lb-1 | als-1 | af-1 | pdc-1 | pfl-1 | sxu-1 | bar-1 }} {{Transl-6|ksh-deu|deu-eng|eng-ksh|ksh-eng|eng-deu|deu-ksh}} &bull;&nbsp;[[:ksh:Metmaacher:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:de:Benutzer:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:nds:Bruker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:en:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:simple:User:Purodha]] &bull; &bull;&nbsp;[[:meta:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:commons:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:incubator:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:test:User:Purodha]] &bull; <!-- '''Wikipedi&aelig;:'''<br /><!-- --> &bull;&nbsp;[[:af:Gebruiker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:als:Benutzer:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bar:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bg:Потребител:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bpy:ব্যবহারকারী:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bxr:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cbk-zam:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cdo:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cu:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cy:Defnyddiwr:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:diq:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:eml:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:eo:Vikipediisto:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:es:Usuario:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:fr:Utilisateur:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:glk:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:hi:सदस्य:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:hr:Suradnik:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:hsb:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:it:Utente:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ka:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:kn:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:la:Usor:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:lb:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:lbe:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:li:Gebroeker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:mg:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:mzn:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:new:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:nl:Gebruiker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:nov:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:pag:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:pdc:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:pl:Wikipedysta:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ro:Utilizator:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:roa-tara:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ru:Участник:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ru-sib:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:sv:Användare:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:tr:Kullanıcı:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:wuu:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:zea:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:zh-classical:User:Purodha]] &bull; <!-- &bull;&nbsp;[[:species:User:Purodha]] &bull; '''Wikiquotes:'''<br /> '''Wiktionaries:'''<br /> '''Wikiversities:'''<br /> &bull;&nbsp;[[:wikiversity:beta:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:wikiversity:de:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:wikiversity:en:User:Purodha]] &bull; --> <div style="display:none"> [[de:Benutzer:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ksh:Metmaacher:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nds:Bruker:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[en:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[simple:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[li:Gebroeker:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[la:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> <!-- --> [[aa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ab:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[af:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ak:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[als:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[am:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[an:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ang:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ar:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[arc:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[as:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ast:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[av:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ay:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[az:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ba:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bar:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bat-smg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[be:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bpy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[br:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bs:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bug:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bxr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ca:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cbk-zam:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cdo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ce:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ceb:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ch:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cho:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[chr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[chy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[co:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cs:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[csb:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[da:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[de:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[diq:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[dv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[dz:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ee:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[el:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[eml:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[en:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[eo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[es:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[et:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[eu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ff:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fiu-vro:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fj:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[frp:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fur:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ga:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gd:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[glk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[got:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ha:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[haw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[he:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ho:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hsb:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ht:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hz:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ia:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[id:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ie:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ig:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ii:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ik:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ilo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[io:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[is:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[it:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[iu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ja:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[jbo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[jv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ka:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ki:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kj:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[km:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ko:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ks:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ksh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ku:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ky:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[la:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lad:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lb:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[lbe:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[lg:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[li:Gebroeker:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[lij:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ln:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lmo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[map-bms:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[mg:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[mh:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[mi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ml:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ms:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mus:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[my:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mzn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[na:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nah:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nap:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nds:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nds-nl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ne:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[new:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ng:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[no:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nov:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nrm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ny:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[oc:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[om:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[or:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[os:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pag:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pam:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pap:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pdc:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[pi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pih:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pms:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ps:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[qu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[rmy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[rn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ro:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[roa-rup:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[roa-tara:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ru:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ru-sib:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[rw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sc:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[scn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sco:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sd:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[se:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[si:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[simple:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[so:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sq:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ss:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[st:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[su:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ta:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[te:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tet:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[th:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ti:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tlh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[to:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tpi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ts:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tum:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ty:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[udm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ug:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[uk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ur:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[uz:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ve:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vec:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vls:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[wa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[war:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[wo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[wuu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[xal:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[xh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[yi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[yo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[za:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zea:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh-classical:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh-min-nan:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh-yue:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> </div> 3 3 2006-10-01T20:41:30Z Jon Harald Søby 5 I am '''[[m:User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]]'''. You can contact me [[m:User talk:Jon Harald Søby|on Meta]].&nbsp;&nbsp; [[aa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ab:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[af:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ak:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[als:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[am:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[an:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ang:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ar:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[arc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[as:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ast:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[av:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ay:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[az:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ba:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bar:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bat-smg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[be:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bpy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[br:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bs:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bug:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bxr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ca:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cbk-zam:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ce:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ceb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cdo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ch:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cho:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[chr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[chy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[co:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cs:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[csb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[da:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[de:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[diq:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[dv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[dz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ee:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[el:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[eml:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[en:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[eo:User:Jon Harald SØBY]] [[es:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[et:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[eu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ff:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fiu-vro:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fj:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[frp:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fur:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ga:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gd:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[glk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[got:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ha:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[haw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[he:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ho:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hsb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ht:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ia:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[id:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ie:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ig:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ii:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ik:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ilo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[io:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[is:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[it:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[iu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ja:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[jbo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[jv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ka:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kj:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ki:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[km:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ko:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ks:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ksh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ku:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ky:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[la:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lad:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lbe:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[li:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lij:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lmo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ln:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[map-bms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ml:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mus:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[my:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mzn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[na:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nah:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nap:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nds:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nds-nl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ne:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[new:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ng:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[no:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nov:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nrm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ny:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[oc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[om:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[or:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[os:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pag:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pam:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pap:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pdc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pih:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ps:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[qu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rmy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ro:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[roa-rup:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[roa-tara:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ru:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ru-sib:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[scn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sco:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sd:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[se:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[si:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[simple:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[so:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sq:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ss:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[st:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[su:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ta:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[te:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tet:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[th:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ti:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[to:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tpi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ts:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tum:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ty:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[udm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ug:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[uk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ur:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[uz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ve:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vec:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vls:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[wa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[war:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[wo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[wuu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[xal:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[xh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[yi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[yo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[za:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zea:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh-classical:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh-yue:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] 5 475 2006-10-02T13:14:20Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Afrika]] moved to [[Afrika]] * Algeria * Benin * Eritrea * Ethiopia * Kenya * Libya * Morocco * Tanzania * Uganda * Zambia * Zimbabwe 6 477 2006-10-02T13:14:20Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Agro-Industrial]] moved to [[Agro-Industrial]] Poultry Piggery Prawn Hatchery Bangus Industry 7 1026 2006-10-10T21:46:40Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Albrecht-self.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Self-Portrait'', 1493, Oil on Canvas]] Sakey ya [[German]] painter, wood carver, engraver san [[Mathematician]] si Albrecht Dürer (Mayo 21, 1471 – Abril 6, 1528). Sankakabatan si Dürer ed woodcuts ton aka-serye - sakey diya so Apocalpse (1498) san Great Passion (1498-1510) [[listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[en:Albrecht Dürer|Albrecht Dürer]] 8 777 2006-10-04T00:13:57Z Arikasikis 11 [[United States]] [[Canada]] [[Mexico]] [[Argentina]] [[Brazil]] [[Nicaragua]] [[Columbia]] [[Bolivia]] [[Venezuela]] [[Cuba]] [[Paraguay]] [[Uruguay]] [[Chile]] [[Equador]] 9 483 2006-10-02T13:14:20Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Arkitekture]] moved to [[Arkitekture]] Say arkitekture: sakey ya art san science ya panagdesign na building san arom ran structure. 10 778 2006-10-04T00:17:15Z Arikasikis 11 [[Buddhismo]] [[Hindu]] [[Islam]] [[Judaismo]] [[Iglesia nen Kristo]] [[Tasi nen Jehovah]] [[Mormon]] 11 487 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Art]] moved to [[Art]] [[Painting]] [[Sculpture]] [[Architecture]] 12 763 2006-10-03T23:43:36Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|right|400px|]] Arayan untumbok ya bansa, naanap ed '''Asia'''. * [[Afghanistan]] * [[Burma]] * [[Cambodia]] * [[China]] * [[East Timor]] * [[Hapon]] * [[India]] * [[Indonesia]] * [[Korea, South]] * [[Korea, North]] * [[Laos]] * [[Malaysia]] * [[Mongolia]] * [[Nepal]] * [[Filipinas]] * [[Sri Lanka]] * [[Thailand]] * [[Vietnam]] [[en:Asia]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[frp:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[bg:Азия]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ht:Azi]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[lt:Azija]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[ml:ഏഷ്യ]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[oc:Asia]] [[ug:ئاسىيا]] [[nds:Asien]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[war:Asya]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[si:ආසියාව]] [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[sh:Azija]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[tr:Asya]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[uk:Азія]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[zh:亚洲]] 13 491 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Australya]] moved to [[Australya]] Continent ya asinger ed Antartika. 14 493 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Balita/State of the Nation Address nen President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] moved to [[Balita/State of the Nation Address nen President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] Nansalita so Presidente ed Kongreso nipakar ed Estado na Bansa tayo nen Hulyo. 15 495 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Banko san Finance]] moved to [[Banko san Finance]] Say banko san finance: sakey klasen negosyo ya nipakar ed trading (buy and sell) ya financial instruments (instrumenton walay koneksyon tod kwarta). Makakapan-buy and sell na kwarta, kasi sarag ya saliwen so kwarta na mamura (say labay to ya ibaga ya, alepsab so interest) san sarag ya ilako yan kwarta ya mas mable (atagey ya interest). Say gagawen na bangko sinkya unya met lamang. Say bangko imbabayes na kwarta manlapud saray manag-deposito, san ipapabayes to yan parehas ya kwarta ed saray umuutang. Imbabayes usually so bangko diad mas alepsab ya interest san ipapabayes to ya ed mas atagey ya interest. 16 497 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Basketball]] moved to [[Basketball]] Say Basketball so sakey ya sankapopularan ed Bansa tayo. 17 499 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Bayoloji]] moved to [[Bayoloji]] Aral ya nipakar ed bilay. 18 501 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Biblia]] moved to [[Biblia]] Daan ya Tipan Balon Tipan 19 503 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Bilay na Saray Santo]] moved to [[Bilay na Saray Santo]] San Juan San Pedro Santa Isabel Santo Tomas 20 505 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Bisikleta]] moved to [[Bisikleta]] Ayan sport siguro so sankasikatan ya sport para ed saray Pangasinan. Dakel lan Champion diad Tour na Luzon san Tour na Pilipinas, so nalapod Pangasinan ya singa sikara: Garcia, Sicam, Bonzo, Quirimit, Carino, san arom nira. 21 507 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Boxing]] moved to [[Boxing]] Amateur Professional 23 511 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Cancion na Simbaan]] moved to [[Cancion na Simbaan]] Dakdakel so cancion na simbaan ya akasulat ed salitan Pangasinan. Say sankakabatan la siguro ed saraya so Galiken ya cancion ya iistoriaen toy inkayanak nen Jesus. 24 762 2006-10-03T23:43:00Z Arikasikis 11 [[Table na Saray Periodic Element]] [[Asin]] 25 1276 2006-10-18T02:18:57Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine city | infoboxtitle = Dagupan City | locatormapfile = Ph_locator_pangasinan_dagupan.png | caption = Map of [[Pangasinan]] showing the location of Dagupan. | region = [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] (Region I) | province = [[Luyag na Pangasinan]] | districts = 4th district of Pangasinan | barangays = 31 | class = 1st class; partially urban | mayor = Mayor Benjamin "Benjie" Saplan-Lim | cityhood = [[1947]]| areakm2 = 37.20 | pop2000 = 130,328 | popden2000 = 3503 | coordinates = | }} '''Dagupan City''' is a 1st class [[Philippine city|city]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, Dagupan City has a population of 130,328 people in 25,921 households. According to the same survey, Pangasinan is the most populous province in the Philippines. Located on Lingayen Gulf on the island of Luzon, Dagupan is the chief port and commercial and financial center of the province and Northern Luzon; an active trade is conducted in sugarcane, corn, rice, copra, salt, and an alcoholic liquor produced from the nipa palm. The city is known as the [[Bangus]] ([[milkfish]]) capital of the Philippines because of its abundance of fresh bangus. The longest barbecue measured 1,007.56 m (3,305.64 ft) - it was created by the people of Dagupan City on [[May 3]], [[2003]] as part of the city’s ''Bangus Festival''. ==Geography== ==History== ===Pre-Hispanic times=== When the Spaniards arrived in Pangasinan in the 16th century, they found that [[Lingayen Gulf]] was already a prosperous entrepot visited by traders from other Asian countries. The [[Augustinian]] missionary Juan de la Concepcion noted that the communities at [[Lingayen]], [[Bolinao]] and the defunct [[Binalatongan]] exercised authority over other communities (called ''baley'' in the Pangasinan language) in the area. De la Concepcion also mentioned several other towns but did not identify them. ===Spanish colonial period=== The area that is now known as Dagupan was described as marshland thickly covered with mangrove and nipa palm trees. The natives lived along the shoreline and riverbanks of Calmay, Pantal, and Bonuan. But there were also communities in Malaued, Lasip, Pogo, and Bacayao. The natives called the area ''Bacnotan'' which would later be incorporated into the [[encomienda]] of Lingayen that was established in 1583. The foreign traders would come to the Lingayen coast to trade gold that was brought down to the area by tribesmen in the [[Cordillera Mountains]]. Aside from traders, Filipinos also had experience with pirates from Japan and China. One of the Chinese corsairs was [[Lim Feng]] (in Fukienese, Lim A-hong), who would be known in Philippine history as Limahong. Limahong sailed down the Ilocos coast with 62 ships and attacked Manila on Nov. 30, 1574. The Spanish, however, repulsed Limahong's two attacks. The Chinese corsair repaired to Pangasinan to establish a colony at Bacnotan on December 2, 1574. But the Spanish conquistador [[Juan de Salcedo]] laid siege on his fortress for eight months by blocking the river outlets. Limahong puportedly broke through the siege by digging a channel from the Agno River through the Bacnotan marshes to Lingayen Gulf In 1661, a big fire hit Bacnotan during the [[Malong Revolt]], led by [[Andres Malong]] of Binalatongan, against the forced labor and mandatory sale of local goods imposed by the Spanish colonial government. The fire broke out after Malong sent 3,000 supporters, most of whom were [[Zambal]] tribesmen, to [[Ilocos]] and [[Cagayan]] to fight the Spaniards. The people of Bacnotan, many of whom joined the Spanish in repelling the Zambal marauders, rebuilt the town and renamed it ''Nandaragupan'', meaning ''where once stood the commercial center'', indicating its early importance as a trade, commercial and political center in the region. In 1720, Nandaragupan was chartered as a town but its name was simplified to Dagupan. Malong was eventually beheaded in the city's Pantal bridge in 1661 by Spanish authorities. Dagupan was also the birthplace of a ''ladino'' named Caragay who led another uprising in 1719 against the provincial governor (''alcalde mayor'', in Spanish) who had him flogged for what appeared to be a false accusation of smuggling. Governor Antonio del Valle had Caragay arrested in the village of Nantagalan, northeast of San Jacinto and Mangaldan and flogged. Vowing vengeance, Caragay organized a band of men who hounded the governor until they were able to kill him. Historians view Caragay as a "model" of the revolts of [[Palaris]] and [[Diego Silang]]. More than Malong, historians view Caragay as a "model" of the revolts of [[Palaris]] and [[Diego Silang]]. In 1762, Dagupan would be one of the first towns to join the [[Palaris Revolt]] against Spain. In 1780, Pantal, originally named Pantalan (port), became a trading center and docking station for merchant ships. At about the same time, the bangus industry thrived and mangrove swamps were converted into fishponds, starting the land conversions that would later have an impact on flooding and earthquake damage in the province. The opening of the Pantalan dock eased the transportation of goods from Pangasinan to other parts of the country, spurring the cultivation of idle lands in the eastern part and the development of fishponds in the western part of the province. The new dock also eased communications between the colonial government, its soldiers and the missionaries, who were tasked to colonize the natives in the [[Cordillera Mountains]] and the [[Cagayan Valley]] region and exploit its gold deposits. In July 1787, the Spanish began to build a road to connect Pangasinan and the Cagayan Valley, the home of several head-hunting tribesmen who refused to submit to Spanish rule. Although it took several years to complete, the road would play a vital role in the colonization of the Cagayan Valley and the Cordillera Mountains. The Palaris and Silang revolts, which occurred simultaneously with the [[British Invasion of the Philippines]] demonstrated to the Spaniards the importance of ports in Pangasin and Ilocos to the security of the entire island of [[Luzon]]. They thus became centers of Spanish governance and acculturation in the 19th century. When the port of Manila was opened to foreign trade in 1830, tobacco from Pangasinan and Cagayan Valley were shipped to the colonial capital via Dagupan and Lingayen. Foreign trading agents also began to make appearances in the two towns, starting a new era of prosperity, especially for the provincial gentry. The Filipino scholar [[Maximo Kalaw]] found the description of the American writer David Barrows as appropriate: ''The Filipino had now become embarked upon a new current of intellectual experience -- a course of enlightenment which has been so full of unexpected development... Throughout the islands a class was rapidly growing up to which the new industries had brought wealth. Their means enabled them to build spacious and splendid homes of the fine hardwoods of the Philippines, and to surround themselves with such luxuries as the life of the islands permitted. This class was rapidly gaining education.'' This was also true of the Dagupan gentry. Trade enriched many families and allowed them to send their scions to study overseas. These young men returned to the Philippines not only with technical knowledge in their chosen fields but also with the intellectual currents of the time, including constitutional republicanism which swept Spain in 1810. News from the colonial government in Manila also reached Dagupan at a faster pace with the completion of the Manila-Dagupan Railway in 1891. The railway would play a significant role not only in the economic development of Pangasinan but also in the success of the [[Philippine Revolution]]. ===Under the First Philippine Republic=== Not much is known of Dagupeños involvement in the [[Katipunan]] and the first and second parts of the Philippine Revolution. But on Mar. 7, 1898, the Dagupeños unveiled a coordinated attack on Spanish forces that appears to have been planned months in advance. It is now known as the [[Battle of Dagupan (1898)]] The Dagupeño leaders of the attack were [[Juan Solis Galvan]], [[Teodoro Villamil]], [[Pedro de Venecia]], [[Macario Meneses]] and [[Daniel Maramba]]. They were under the overall command of [[Francisco Macabulos]], who had just liberated the provinces of [[Pampanga]] and [[Tarlac]]. He was assisted by [[Ramon Manalang]], who was based in Alaminos. Communications between Macabulos and Manalang was coordinated by Macario Meneses of Bonuan. The Spanish forces were commanded by [[Federico Caballos]], who had troops garrisoned at all the towns of Pangasinan. In Dagupan, he had men at the Colegio de San Alberto Magno, which guarded the western approach to the town; at the foot of Quintos Bridge, which guarded the east; and his main force at the Catholic Church. Although the revolutionary forces were ill equipped (most of them armed only with bolos and lances), they attacked the Spanish with an ingenious rolling trench. The "trenches" were made of several banana tree trunks, wrapped in sheets of dried nipa palm leaves. The trenches were seven feet in diameter and the revolutionists would roll the it toward Spanish positions so they could fight them in close quarter with their bolos and lances. Galvan led the back at the Colegio de San Alberto Magno while Villamil and De Venecia swooped down on the enemies at Quintos Bridge. The Tagalog forces from Nueva Ecija, who were better armed, joined the Dagupeños who attacked the Spanish position at the church. The Dagupeños held the Spanish troops at bay in Dagupan while other revolutionists liberated other towns in the province. Maramba later joined the battle after fighting in Sta. Barbara and Mangaldan. By July 21, after four months and 16 days, Macabulos unleashed a concerted attack. The Spanish and Filipino troops exchanged fire for two nights and a day before Caballos surrendered on July 23 1898, six weeks after the [[Declaration of Philippine Independence]] on June 12, 1898. After the town returned to normal, President [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] named Galvan president of the municipal council. Galvan was a ranking officer of the Katipunan. Galvan Street along which the public market was built was named after him. ===American colonial period=== On January 8-9, 1945, U.S. General [[Douglas MacArthur]] landed his amphibious liberation force in the city's "Blue Beach" section along the [[Lingayen Gulf]]. From his beachhead in Dagupan, along with those in neighboring towns Lingayen and San Fabian, MacArthur's forces under General [[Walter Krueger]] were able to penetrate Japanese defenses in Luzon island and liberate Filipino and allied prisoners of war in Manila's University of Sto. Tomas. ===Dagupan becomes a city=== Dagupan became a city by virtue of Republic Act No. 170, authored by Speaker [[Eugenio Perez]]. It was signed into law by President [[Manuel Roxas]] on June 20, 1947. On October 15, 1947, President Roxas issued Executive Order No. 96 fixing the city limits to include the towns of [[San Fabian]], [[Pangasinan]] and [[Calasiao]], [[Pangasinan]] but the residents of Calasiao rejected inclusion into the new city, causing controversy over the election that was held on Nov. 10, 1947. The dispute was brought before the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines]] which subsequently validated the election and ruled that Dagupan became a city on June 20, 1947, when Roxas signed the charter into law. Despite the controversy attending Dagupan's rise as a city, the new city mayor, Angel B. Fernandez, embarked on an infrastructure program that would develop erswhile idle swamplands toward the south and west. In 1948, he built a road from barrio Mayombo to barrio Tapuac, passing through the edge of barrio Pogo Chico. The road, built mostly on reclaimed swampland, was named Perez Boulevard, in honor of the House speaker who sponsored the city charter. The road was needed because of the increasing number of commercial establishments on Torres Bugallon Avenue and the growing number of residents at the southern limits of the city. In 1946, the Dagupan City High School was transferred from Torres Bugallon Avenue. Perez Boulevard expanded the commercial area south especially after Fernandez built a new public market at the bank of the river. Later, Fernandez's successor Teofilo Guadiz, who served from 1954-1957 and 1958-1959, would also contribute to the city's expansion by extending Rizal Street, which was only then from Torres Bugallon to Rivera Street, up to the [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] compound. Also, he extended Galvan Street, which was then up to Gomez Street only, up to Perez Boulevard. He also secured funds from Senator Cipriano Primicias Sr., a native of Pangasinan, to build a two-story semi-permanent building for the city high school. Guadiz also replaced the Bailey bridge on Perez Boulevard with a concrete one. The westward expansion of the city went as far as Lucao which was also swampland. Local historian Restituto Basa surmised that the name Lucao may have been derived from the shellfish called ''lukan'' that used to abound in the swampy area. In June 1962, Dagupan was shaken by a series of strong earthquakes which occurred at irregular intervals for about three weeks. The quakes toppled the belfry of the Roman Catholic Church. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Calmay, where real estate values dropped after the temblors. Many people from Calmay, Carael and island barrios evacuated to other towns. In 1968, the national government agencies opened offices in Dagupan and other key cities across the country. The daytime population increased sustantially, causing congestion in the city that began to see the appearance of public utility tricycles. On July 16, 1990, an magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck northern Luzon. The worst hit cities were Cabanatuan, Baguio and Dagupan. Many public and private structures were destroyed or damaged when river banks slid into the Pantal River and dry land into the swampy areas. Streets were ruptured and the ground subsided, causing buildings to sink by as much as two meters. Other buildings tilted severely, especially along Perez Boulevard. One building tilted by as much as 19 degrees, but generally, the magnitude of tilt was within 2-5 degrees. There were sand boils in several areas in the city and drainage systems were clogged by the accumulated sand causing temporary flooding of the city's main thoroughfares. Some houses remained underwater by 30-50 cms. for several months. The whole stretch of Don Jose Calimlim Street and swampy areas and fishpond communities, such as Barangay Lasip Grande, remained underwater even during low tide conditions. At the height of the earthquake, an eyewitness told experts of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology that he saw rolling during the earthquake and a jeep parked along the road vanished from his sight. Scientists blamed the destruction on the liquefaction of land that was had not compacted enough since it was reclaimed from the swamp or marsh. It was also blamed on the active shifting of Pantal River, which left abandoned meanders on which people built structures. Varying degrees of damage were sustained in the different affected areas of Dagupan City. Phivolcs said a study of the damage during the earthquake indicate that susceptibility to liquefaction in different parts of Dagupan City can be related to the relative ages of the geologic features and the deposits underlying them. The degree of destruction along A.B. Fernandez Avenue, which largely lies on reclaimed swampland, was generally less than that in the Perez Blvd. area except near its intersection with Rizal Street. The great degree of liquefaction along a 100m stretch of A.B. Fernandez Ave. can be traced to changes in the channel of Pantal River. Prior to north eastward expansion of Dagupan City, Pantal River used to meander around the area now partly occupied by A.B. Fernandez Ave. and Rizal St. before running parallel to Pantal Road. ==Demographics== ==Government== ===Barangays=== Dagupan City is politically subdivided into 31 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Bacayao Norte * Bacayao Sur * Barangay II (Nueva) * Barangay IV (Zamora) * Bolosan * Bonuan Binloc * Bonuan Boquig * Bonuan Gueset * Calmay * Carael * Caranglaan </td><td valign=top> * Herrero * Lasip Chico * Lasip Grande * Lomboy * Lucao * Malued * Mamalingling * Mangin * Mayombo * Pantal </td><td valign=top> * Poblacion Oeste * Barangay I (T. Bugallon) * Pogo Chico * Pogo Grande * Pugaro Suit * Salapingao * Salisay * Tambac * Tapuac * Tebeng </td></tr></table> ==Economy== ==Culture== ===Tourism and recreation=== ===Sports=== ===Media=== ====Television Networks:==== *[[ABS-CBN]]: Channel 3 *[[GMA Network]]: Channel 7 *[[Studio 23]]: Channel 30 ==Transportation== ==Education== ===Universities=== ===Primary and secondary education=== ==Further reading== ==External links== * [http://www.dagupan.gov.ph/ Official Website of Dagupan City] * [http://www.gomilpitas.com/sistercites.htm Sister City of Milpitas, California, USA] * [http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/gwr5/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=53726 World's Longest Barbeque by Guinness World Records] * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.dagupanbangusfestival.com Dagupan Bangus Festival Official Website | Celebrating the World's Longest Barbecue] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} '''Bold text''' {{coor title dm|16|03|N|120|20|E|region:PH_type:city}} [[Category:Cities in the Philippines]] [[en:Dagupan City]] [[de:Dagupan]] [[ilo:Ciudad ti Dagupan]] [[nl:Dagupan City]] 26 517 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Dasal]] moved to [[Dasal]] * [[Dasal ed Pangasinan]] 27 519 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Dasal ed Pangasinan]] moved to [[Dasal ed Pangasinan]] '''Dasal ed Pangasinan''' * Say [[Ama Mi]] * Say [[Ave Maria]] * Say [[Nagalang]] * [[Gloria]] * Say [[Manisia Ak]] 28 521 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Diaryo]] moved to [[Diaryo]] ==Diaryo ed Kapuluan== * [http://punch.Dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.philstar.com Philippine Star] * [http://www.inq7.net Channel 7 san Inquirer] ==Diaryo ed Bansan [[Hapon]]== * [http://www.japantimes.com Japan Times]: Diaryo ya akasulat ed [[Salitan English]]. * [http://www.asahi.com Asahi Shinbun]: Diaryo ya akasulat ed [[Salitan Hapon]]. ==Diaryo ed [[United States]]== * [http://www.nytimes.com New York Times] ==Diaryo ed [[Germany]]== * [http://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/ Spiegel]: Diaryo ya akasulat ed Salitan English. * [http://www.welt.de Die Welt]: Diaryo ya akasulated [[Salitan German]]. ==Diaryo ed [[United Kingdom]]== * [http://www.guardian.co.uk Guardian Unlimited] 29 2764 2006-10-31T08:55:12Z Arikasikis 11 *[[Listaan na Salitan English|Dictionari na English-Pangasinan]] *[[English to Pangasinan Dictionary]] *[[Pangasinan Wiktionary|Dictionari na Pangasinan-English]] *[[Dictionari na Hapon-Pangasinan]] *[[Dictionari na Pangasinan-Hapon]] 30 525 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Eskwelaan]] moved to [[Eskwelaan]] Kabat ran Unibersidad * [http://www.upd.edu.ph Unibersidad ng Pilipinas]: Kabat ya unibersidad ed Siyudad Quezon * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph Kingfishers of School of Business and Finance]: Maong ya unibersidad nipakar ed Business ed [[luyag na Pangasinan]]. * [http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp Kyoto University]: Kabat ya nayarin unibersidad. Pigara lan graduate to so akaawat ya [[Nobel Prize]]. 31 2738 2006-10-30T08:11:58Z 212.142.143.114 european estates * Austria * Belgium * Czech * Croatia * Denmark * Finland * France * Germany * Hungary * Italy * Luxemburg * Netherlands * Norway * Poland * Romania * Slovakia * Spain * Sweden * Switzerland * United Kingdom 32 529 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Federalist]] moved to [[Federalist]] United States na Amerika 33 1222 2006-10-17T21:36:26Z Arikasikis 11 /* Politics and government */ {{Infobox Country | native_name = Republika na Filipinas<br>Republic of the Philippines | common_name = the Philippines | image_flag = Flag of the Philippines.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Philippines.png | national_motto = ''Maka-Diyos, Makatao, Makakalikasan, at Makabansa'' ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: For God, People, Nature, and Country)'' | image_map = LocationPhilippines.png | national_anthem = ''[[Oh, Pilipinas dalin min kagal-galang]] (bersyon ed Pangasinan)'' | official_languages = [[Salitan Filipino|Filipino]], [[Salitan English|English]].<ref> [[Salitan Cebuano|Cebuano]], [[Salitan Iloko|Ilokano]], [[Salitan Hiligaynon|Hiligaynon]], [[Salitan Bikol|Bikol]], [[Salitan Waray-Waray|Waray-Waray]], [[Salitan Kapampangan|Kapampangan]], [[Salitan Pangasinan|Pangasinan]], [[SAlitan Kinaray-a|Kinaray-a]], [[SAlitan Maranao|Maranao]], [[Salitan Maguindanao|Maguindanao]], [[Salitan Tagalog|Tagalog]], [[Salitan Tausug|Tausug]] are the auxiliary official languages in their respective regions. [[Salitan Kastila|Kastila]] and [[Salitan Arabo|Arabo]] are recognized in the Constitution.</ref> | capital = [[Manila]]|latd=14|latm=35|latNS=N|longd=121|longm=0|longEW=E | largest_city = [[Quezon City]] | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]]-[[President|presidential]] | leader_title1 = [[President of the Philippines|President]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice President of the Philippines|Vice President]] | leader_name1 = [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] | leader_name2 = [[Noli de Castro]] | area = 300,000 | areami²=115,831 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> | area_rank = 72nd | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | percent_water = 0.6% | population_estimate = 83,054,000 | population_estimate_year = July 2005 | population_estimate_rank = 13th | population_census = 76,504,077 | population_census_year = 2000 | population_density = 276 | population_densitymi² =715 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> | population_density_rank = 42nd | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $414.7 billion<!--IMF--> | GDP_PPP_rank = 25th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,923 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 102nd | HDI_year = 2003 | HDI = 0.758 | HDI_rank = 84th | HDI_category = <font color="#FFCC00">medium</font> | sovereignty_type = [[Kawayangen]] | sovereignty_note = Manlapod [[Spain]] tan [[United States|U.S.]] | established_event1 = Declared | established_date1 = [[June 12]], [[1898]] | established_event2 = Recognized | established_date2 = [[July 4]], [[1946]] | established_event3 = [[Constitution of the Philippines|Current constitution]] | established_date3 = [[March 25]], [[1986]] | currency = [[Philippine Peso|Philippine peso]] (''piso'') | currency_code = PHP | time_zone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PHT]] | utc_offset = +8 | time_zone_DST = not in use | utc_offset_DST = | cctld = [[.ph]] | calling_code = 63 | patron_saint = Mother Mary | footnotes= }} Filipinas (English: ''Philippines''; Filipino: ''Pilipinas''), tatawagen a Republika na Filipinas (English: ''Republic of the Philippines''; Filipino: ''Republika ng Pilipinas''), sakey a bansan kapuloan a nipasen ed kapuloan Malay ed Southeast Asia, a say ''capital'' to so [[Manila]]. Say kaarawi to ed Asia so 1,210 kilometers o 750 miles, tan 7,107 a kapuloan a tatawagen a kapuloan Filipinas. Say Filipinas so panlalapuan na karakel a ''migrant workers'' o onkikimey ed arom a bansa; wala so masulok a 8 million ''overseas Filipinos'' tan say ipapawit da a remittances so masulok a $12 billion a tinaon. Say ngaran a Filipinas so ingaran nen Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, sakey a Kastilan a conquistador, ed ari na Espana, si Ari Felipe II ed Espana. ==History== ==Politics and government== <!--Please add new information into relevant articles of the series--> {| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin: 1em; padding: 1em; width: 240px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ [[National symbols]] of the Philippines |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Flag''' | [[Flag of the Philippines|National Flag]] (''Pambansang Watawat'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Anthem''' | ''[[Oh, Pilipinas dalin min kagal-galang]] (bersyon ed Pangasinan)'' |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Patriotic Song''' | ''[[Pilipinas Kong Mahal]]'' |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Gem''' | [[Pearl|South Sea pearls]] |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Dance''' | ''[[Cariñosa]]'' (formerly ''[[Tinikling]]'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Animal''' | [[Carabao]] / [[Tamaraw]] |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Bird''' | [[Philippine Eagle]] (formerly the [[Tree Sparrow]] or ''Maya'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Fish''' | [[Milkfish]] (''Bangus'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Flower''' | [[Jasminum sambac|Arabian Jasmine]] (''Sampaguita'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Tree''' | [[Angsana]] (''Narra'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Leaf''' | [[Livistona|Fan palm]] (''Anahaw'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Fruit''' | [[Mango]] |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Sport''' | [[Sipa]] |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Costume''' | [[Barong Tagalog|Barong]] and [[Baro't saya]] |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Hero''' | [[José P. Rizal]] |} '''Saray Region''' <table><tr><td valign=top> * [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] (Region I) * [[Valley na Cagayan]] (Region II) * [[Pegley na Luzon]] (Region III) * [[CALABARZON]] (Region IV-A) '''¹''' '''²''' * [[MIMARO]] (Region IV-B) '''¹''' '''²''' '''³''' * [[Bicol Region]] (Region V) * [[Sagor na Visayas]] (Region VI) '''³''' * [[Pegley na Visayas]] (Region VII) * [[Bokig na Visayas]] (Region VIII) </td><td valign=top> * [[Zamboanga Peninsula]] (Region IX) * [[Baybay na Mindanao]] (Region X) * [[Davao Region]] (Region XI) * [[SOCCSKSARGEN]] (Region XII) '''¹''' * [[Caraga]] (Region XIII) * [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] (ARMM) * [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] (CAR) * [[Metro Manila|National Capital Region]] (NCR) (''Metro Manila'') </td></tr></table> ==Geography== {{main|Geography of the Philippines}} [[Image:Ph physical map.png|250px|thumb|right|Geography of the Philippines]] The Philippines constitutes an [[archipelago]] of 7,107 islands with a total land area of approximately 300,000 [[square kilometre]]s (116,000&nbsp;[[square mile|sq.&nbsp;mi]]). It lies between 116° 40' and 126° 34' E. longitude, and 4° 40' and 21° 10' N. latitude, and borders the [[Philippine Sea]] on the east, on the [[South China Sea]] the west, and the [[Celebes Sea]] on the south. The island of [[Borneo]] lies a few hundred kilometers southwest and [[Taiwan]] directly north. The [[Moluccas]] and [[Sulawesi]] are to the south, and [[Palau]] is to the east beyond the [[Philippine Sea]]. The islands are commonly divided into three island groups: [[Luzon]] (Regions I to V, NCR & CAR), [[Visayas]] (VI to VIII), and [[Mindanao]] (IX to XIII & ARMM). The busy port of [[Manila]], on [[Luzon]], is the national [[capital]] and second largest [[city]] after its suburb [[Quezon City]]. The local [[climate]] is hot, humid, and tropical. The average yearly temperature is around 26.5°[[Celsius|C]] (79.7°[[Fahrenheit|F]]). There are three recognized seasons: ''Tag-init'' or ''Tag-araw'' (the hot season or summer from March to May), ''Tag-ulan'' (the rainy season from June to November), and ''Taglamig'' (the cold season from December to February). The southwest [[monsoon]] (May-October) is known as the "[[habagat]]" and the dry winds of the northeast monsoon (November-April) as the "[[amihan]]". Most of the mountainous islands used to be covered in [[tropical rainforest]] and are volcanic in origin. The highest point is [[Mount Apo]] on Mindanao at 2,954 metres (9,692 [[foot (unit of length)|ft]]). There are many active [[volcano]]s such as [[Mayon Volcano]], [[Mount Pinatubo]], and [[Taal Volcano]]. The country also lies within the [[typhoon]] belt of the Western Pacific and about 19 typhoons strike per year. Lying on the northwestern fringes of the [[Pacific Ring of Fire]], the Philippines experiences frequent seismic and volcanic activities. Some 20 [[earthquake]]s are registered daily in the Philippines, though most are too weak to be felt. ==Economy== [[Image:Salcedo_village.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[Makati]] CBD]] [[Image:HPIM2166.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Greenbelt Park, at the heart of Makati CBD, where al fresco cafés and restaurants are situated]] [[Image:Cebu_Business_Park.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Cebu Business Park, located at the "Queen City of the South," Cebu City. ]] {{main|Economy of the Philippines}} == Demographics == {{main articles|[[Demographics of the Philippines]], [[Ethnic Groups of the Philippines]]}} == Language == ==Religion== == See also == {{main|Philippine-related topics}} ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references/> :* PSE: [http://www.pse.com.ph Philippine Stock Exchange]. URL accessed March 29^th, 2006. </div> ==External links== {{sisterlinks|Philippines}} {{portal}} '''Maps''' * [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=12554564&x=122915039&z=6&l=0&m=a WikiSatellite view of Philippines at WikiMapia] ;'''Official''' * [http://www.gov.ph Official website of the Philippine Government] - Gateway to governmental sites <!--Do not add commercial links. They will be deleted --> ; '''Other''' * {{wikitravel}} * {{wikia|philippines|Philippines}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1262783.stm BBC Country Profile on the Philippines] * [http://countrystudies.us/philippines/ U.S. Country Studies: Philippines] * [http://web.kssp.upd.edu.ph/linguistics/plc2006/papers/FullPapers/I-2_Solheim.pdf Origins of the Filipinos and Their Languages by Wilhelm G. Solheim II] ([[Portable Document File|PDF]]) <!--Do not add commercial links or your website. They will be deleted --> {{ASEAN}} {{APEC}} {{Southeast Asia}} {{Asia}} [[Category:First republics in Asia]] [[Category:ASEAN member states]] [[Category:Former Spanish colonies]] [[Category:Southeast Asian countries]] [[Category:Island nations]] [[Category:English speaking countries]] [[Category:Spanish speaking countries]] [[af:Filippyne]] [[ar:فلبين]] [[an:Filipinas]] [[ast:Filipines]] [[zh-min-nan:Hui-li̍p-pin]] [[bs:Filipini]] [[br:Filipinez]] [[bg:Филипини]] [[ca:Filipines]] [[ceb:Pilipinas]] [[cs:Filipíny]] [[cy:Pilipinas]] [[da:Filippinerne]] [[de:Philippinen]] [[et:Filipiinid]] [[el:Φιλιππίνες]] [[es:Filipinas]] [[eo:Filipinoj]] [[eu:Filipinak]] [[fa:فیلیپین]] [[fr:Philippines]] [[fy:Filipinen]] [[gl:Filipinas - Pilipinas]] [[ko:필리핀]] [[hr:Filipini]] [[io:Filipini]] [[ilo:Filipinas]] [[id:Filipina]] [[ia:Philippinas]] [[is:Filippseyjar]] [[it:Filippine]] [[he:הפיליפינים]] [[ka:ფილიპინები]] [[kw:Filipinys]] [[ht:Filipin]] [[ku:Fîlîpîn]] [[la:Philippinae]] [[lv:Filipīnas]] [[lb:Philippinen]] [[lt:Filipinai]] [[li:Filipiene]] [[hu:Fülöp-szigetek]] [[mr:फिलिपाईन्स]] [[ms:Filipina]] [[nl:Filipijnen]] [[ja:フィリピン]] [[no:Filippinene]] [[nn:Filippinane]] [[oc:Filipinas]] [[ug:فىلىپپىن تاقىم ئاراللىرى]] [[pam:Filipinas]] [[nds:Philippinen]] [[pl:Filipiny]] [[pt:Filipinas]] [[ro:Filipine]] [[ru:Филиппины]] [[war:Pilipinas]] [[sm:Filipaina]] [[sq:Filipinet]] [[simple:Philippines]] [[sk:Filipíny]] [[sl:Filipini]] [[sr:Филипини]] [[sh:Filipini]] [[fi:Filippiinit]] [[sv:Filippinerna]] [[tl:Pilipinas]] [[ta:பிலிப்பைன்ஸ்]] [[th:ประเทศฟิลิปปินส์]] [[vi:Philippines]] [[tr:Filipinler Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Філіппіни]] [[yi:פיליפינען]] [[zh:菲律宾]] 34 533 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Francisco Goya]] moved to [[Francisco Goya]] [[Image:Goya selfportrait.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Self-portrait nen Goya]] Sakey ya Spanish painter san printmaker si Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (Marso 30, 1746 – Abril 16, 1828). Sakey ya portraitst san painter na court na Spanish crown si Goya. Sakey met na tagasulat na history san ed say unofficial work to, sakey ya revolutionary san visionary. Akadisplay ed Museo del Prado so karaklan na trabaho nen Goya. [[pag/Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 35 535 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Futball]] moved to [[Futball]] World Cup 36 537 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Geography]] moved to [[Geography]] [[Asia]] [[Amerika]] [[Europe]] [[Australya]] [[Afrika]] 37 539 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Grammar]] moved to [[Grammar]] Say grammar: panaral nipakar ed saray rule diad sakey lenguahi. 38 541 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Grupon Ethnic]] moved to [[Grupon Ethnic]] Pangasinan Ilocano Ilonggo Tagalog Bisaya Kapangpangan Ita Maranao Mangyan 39 543 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Henri Matisse]] moved to [[Henri Matisse]] [[Image:Portrait of Henri Matisse 1933 May 20.jpg|thumb|Litrato nen Henri Matisse ya nilitrato nen [[Carl Van Vechten]], 1933.]] Sakey ya French artist, kabat ed panag-usar to na color san say original ton draftmanship. Sakey ya sankakabatan na artist ed 20th century. [[pag/Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 40 545 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Hokusai]] moved to [[Hokusai]] [[Image:Tsunami by hokusai 19th century.jpg|thumb|300px|''In the Hollow of a Wave off the Coast at Kanagawa'' (from a ''[[36 Views of Mount Fuji (Hokusai)|Series of Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji]]'') by Katsushika Hokusai. Color [[woodcut]], 10 &times; 15 inches; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York]] Sakey ya Hapon ya artist si Katsushika Hokusai (葛飾北斎) (1760-1849) nen panaon na Edo ed Japan. Sakey met na author na 13-volume ya sketchbook ya tatawagen dan Hokusai manga (ginapuan nen 1814) san block prints ya 36 Views na Mount Fuji. [[pag/Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 41 547 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Ideoloji]] moved to [[Ideoloji]] Neo-liberalismo Neo-conservatsimo Komunismo Anarchismo Liberalismo 42 549 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Internet]] moved to [[Internet]] Worldwide so Internet ya sakey ya network na computer. 43 551 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Jazz]] moved to [[Jazz]] Sakey ya original American musik so jazz. Naimbento yan genre nen gapo na 20th century diad New Orleans. 44 553 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Kaarian]] moved to [[Kaarian]] Kaarian na Saudi Arabia Kaarian na Jordan 45 1024 2006-10-10T21:41:18Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Victorio C. Edades]] * [[Fernando Poe, Jr.]] * [[Fidel V. Ramos]] * [[Jose de Venecia, Jr.]] * [[Oscar V. Cruz]] * [[Oscar Lambino]] * [[Ermin F. Garcia, Jr.]] 46 557 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Kabat ran Totoo]] moved to [[Kabat ran Totoo]] * [[Aristotle]] * [[Carlos Bulusan]] * [[Jose De Venecia]] * [[Santo Dominggo]] * [[Victorio Edades]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] * [[Andres Malong]] * [[Karl Marx]] * [[Michelangelo]] * [[Isaac Newton]] * [[John Paul II]] * [[Juan Dela Cruz Palaris]] * [[Pantaleon Perez]] * [[Picasso]] * [[Plato]] * [[Fernando Poe, Jr.]] * [[Fidel V. Ramos]] * [[Socrates]] * [[Mother Theresa]] * [[Santo Tomas]] * [[Van Gogh]] 47 749 2006-10-03T21:56:15Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Jesus a Dios tan Ari mi]] * [[Ondakmomo itayo]] * [[Galin Amin]] * [[Hesus ya Dios tan Ari Mi]] * [[Maaron Jesus]] * [[Jesus Pirdonaen Mo ak]] * [[O Arin Manamalsa]] * [[Awaten Koy Mabilay a Dios]] * [[Adios]] * [[Misalamat]] * [[O Maria O Ligliwa]] * [[Galiken]] 48 561 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Klase na Gobyerno]] moved to [[Klase na Gobyerno]] [[Republik]] [[Kaarian]] [[Federalist]] 49 563 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Kultura tan Aral]] moved to [[Kultura tan Aral]] [[Eskwelaan]] [[Librari]] [[Sayaw]] [[Cancion]] 50 565 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Librari]] moved to [[Librari]] Naanap ed sakey a librari so koleksyon na libro, magazine, san diaryo. 51 567 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Listaan na Lingguahi]] moved to [[Listaan na Lingguahi]] Pangasinan English German Japanese Hiligaynon Tagalog Cebuano Ilokano Kapangpangan Waray waray Chabacano 52 2825 2006-10-31T09:47:44Z Arikasikis 11 '''Listaan na Salitan English''' (''List of words in English'') I-click yo so gapon letra na salitan English ya aanapen yo. (''Please the first letter of the Englsh word you are looking for.'') * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed A|a]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed B|b]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed C|c]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed D|d]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed E|e]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed F|f]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed G|g]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed H|h]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed I|i]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed J|j]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed K|k]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed L|l]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed M|m]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed N|n]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed O|o]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed P|p]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed Q|q]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed R|r]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed S|s]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed T|t]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed U|u]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed V|v]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed W|w]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed X|x]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed Y|y]] * [[salitan English ya manggagapo ed Z|z]] 53 2931 2006-12-12T06:11:10Z Robbot 23 robot Adding: [[en:Pangasinan]] Modifying: [[nl:Pangasinan (provincie)]] Nengneng met so: [[Pangasinan|Pangasinan (panpalinewan)]] [[Luyag na Pangasinan|Pangasinan]], o [[Luyag na Pangasinan]] (English: Province of Pangasinan), so sakey ya luyag na [[Filipinas|Republika na Filipinas]]. Say ''capital'' to et [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]]. Say Pangasinan so nipasen ed sagor na pulo na [[Luzon]]. Say sukat na dalin na [[Pangasinan]] et 5,368.82 square kilometer. Say bilang na totoo ed [[Pangasinan]] et 2,434,086. (National Statistics Office, 2000 Census). Say [[salitan Pangasinan]] so kumasakey ya salita ed luyag na Pangasinan. Say ngaran ya [[Pangasinan]] so labay ton ibaga ''dalin na asin'' o ''pasen na gawaan na asin'', ya nanlapu ed lamot na salita ya ''asin''. Nen saman, wala'y daan ya panarian ya atawag na Luyag na [[Pangasinan]]. Si Princesa Urduja, sakey ya biin mibabakal, so panisiaan ya nan-oley ed Pangasinan nen 14th siglo o kumalabinapat ya lasus ya taon. Say [[Pangasinan]] so bantog lapu ed say Hundred Islands National Park tan saray mararakep ya baybay to. Say [[Pangasinan]] so nakakabat ya inianakan nen Pangulo Fidel V. Ramos tan si Speaker Jose de Venecia. Si ina nen Pangulo Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo so inianak ed [[Binalonan, Pangasinan]]. Say 1200 megawatt Sual Coal-Fired Power Plant, tan say 345 megawatt San Roque Multi-Purpose Dam so nipasen ed [[Pangasinan]]. {{Infobox Philippine province | infoboxtitle = Province of Pangasinan | sealfile = [[Image:Ph_seal_pangasinan.png]] | region = [[Ilocos Region]] (Region I) | capital = [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] | founded = [[1578]] | pop2000 = 2,434,086 | pop2000rank = 3rd largest | popden2000 = 453 | popden2000rank= 8th highest | areakm2 = 5,368.2 | arearank = 15th largest | hucities = 0 | componentcities=4 | municipalities= 44 | barangays = 1,364 | districts = 6 | languages = [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]], [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], [[Bolinao language|Bolinao ]] | governor = Victor Aguedo E. Agbayani | locatormapfile= [[Image:Ph_locator_map_pangasinan.png]] | }} =History= ==Prehistory== Say balon totoo o Homo sapiens so sinmabi ed ''Malay archipelago'' o kapuloan Malay nen imbeneg a 50,000 a taon. Arayan balon totoo so panisiaan ya nanlapu ed Africa. =Salitan Austronesian= Say salitan Austronesian so kabat a nanlapu ed Taiwan o dia ed dalin Sunda ed Southeast Asia, sakey a baleg a dalin nen abayag lan panaon a akapeket ed dalin na Asia. Balet, nen abayag lan panaon, say dalin Sunda so adelap. Say atilak ed dalin na Sunda so saray kapuloan Malay o ''Malay archipelago''. Saray totoo a managsalita na salitan Austronesian tan saray ilalak da a Malayo-Polynesian so tinmayak ed kapuloan Malay tan saray arom ya kapuloan ed dayat Pacific tan dayat Indian, pati angga ed pulo Easter o ''Easter Island'' tan pulo Madagascar. Saray Malayo-Polynesian so akasabi met ed Australia nen saman. Arawi so asabi na saray Malayo-Polynesian ta marunong ira a ondayat tan lapu ed pandayat a baloto, bangka, o parao da. Nayari a say parao da et asabi to pati Egypt, amay dalin na Pharaoh, tan Sumer nen saman lan panaon. Princesa Urduja tan Luyag na Kaboloan Ferdinand Magellan Sinmabi si Ferdinand Magellan ed [[Filipinas]] nen [[1521]]. Nen Abril 27, 1565, say ''conquistador'' (managsakop) na Espana a si Miguel Lopez de Legazpi so sinmabi ed Cebu. Nen 1571, ingapu na Espana so pansakop ed Pangasinan. Nen 1580, say Pangasinan so asakop la insan ginawan Alcadia Mayor na Governador a Espanol ed Filipinas. Say Panarian na Pangasinan Nen Deciembre 1660, si [[Andres Malong]] so ginawan ari ed Panarian na Pangasinan nen tinalo da ray Kastila. Nen Noviembre 3, 1762, si Juan de la Cruz [[Palaris]] akilaban ed saray Kastila. In-proklama na totoon Pangasinan so ''independence'' na Pangasinan. '''Location''' [[Image:Ph_locator_map_pangasinan.png]] =Kultura (Culture)= Say kultura na [[Pangasinan]] so karaklan a laok na Malayo-Polynesian, Kastila, tan American, a alaokan met na Hindu, tan Insik. Natan, say Pangasinan so maslak a ''westernized'' la. Totoo Saray totoo ed Pangasinan et tatawagen na Pangasinan, Pangasinense, o taga Pangasinan. Saray arom a totoo ed Pangasinan et saray Ilocano, Bolinao, tan Tagalog. Saray Pangasinan so Malay o Malayan, singa saray arom a totoo ed kapuloan na kapuloan Malay o ''Malay archipelago''. Saray totoo ed Pangasinan so mikanayon ed saray Polynesian ed kapuloan na dayat Pacific, saray totoo a Formosan ed Taiwan, saray Cham ed Vietnam tan Kampuchea, saray Malagasy ed Madagascar, tan nayarin walay arawin pikanayon da ed saray Ainu ed Japan. Saray kabkabat a totoon nanlapu ed Pangasinan, si Pangulo Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo; datin Pangulo Fidel V. Ramos; Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr.; tan si Fernando Poe, Jr. Salita Say salitan Pangasinan so sakey a sanga na salitan Malayo-Polynesian a sanga na salitan Austronesian. Say salitan Pangasinan so asingger a kanayon na salitan Ibaloi ed luyag na Benguet tan baley na Baguio. Saray salitan Pangasinic: * Pangasinan * Ibaloi * Karao * I-wak * Kalanguya * Keley-I * Kallahan * Kayapa * Tinoc Saraya so arom a salitan Pangasinic so salita ed luyag na Benguet, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, tan Ifugao. Say salitan Pangasinan so sakey a salitan ''agglutinative'' (nanpepeket). Nayarin say salitan Pangasinan so walay pikanayon to ed salitan Sumerian, amay salita nen saman ed dalin na Sumer ed Mesopotamia, natan diman ed Iraq. =Baley= *[[Agno, Pangasinan|Agno]] *[[Aguilar, Pangasinan|Aguilar]] *[[Alcala, Pangasinan|Alcala]] *[[Anda, Pangasinan|Anda]] *[[Asingan, Pangasinan|Asingan]] *[[Balungao, Pangasinan|Balungao]] *[[Bani, Pangasinan|Bani]] *[[Basista, Pangasinan|Basista]] *[[Bautista, Pangasinan|Bautista]] *[[Bayambang, Pangasinan|Bayambang]] *[[Binalonan, Pangasinan|Binalonan]] *[[Binmaley, Pangasinan|Binmaley]] *[[Bolinao, Pangasinan|Bolinao]] *[[Bugallon, Pangasinan|Bugallon]] *[[Burgos, Pangasinan|Burgos]] *[[Calasiao, Pangasinan|Calasiao]] *[[Dasol, Pangasinan|Dasol]] *[[Infanta, Pangasinan|Infanta]] *[[Labrador, Pangasinan|Labrador]] *[[Laoac, Pangasinan|Laoac]] *[[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] *[[Mabini, Pangasinan|Mabini]] *[[Malasiqui, Pangasinan|Malasiqui]] *[[Manaoag, Pangasinan|Manaoag]] *[[Mangaldan, Pangasinan|Mangaldan]] *[[Mangatarem, Pangasinan|Mangatarem]] *[[Mapandan, Pangasinan|Mapandan]] *[[Natividad, Pangasinan|Natividad]] *[[Pozzorubio, Pangasinan|Pozzorubio]] *[[Rosales, Pangasinan|Rosales]] *[[San Fabian, Pangasinan|San Fabian]] *[[San Jacinto, Pangasinan|San Jacinto]] *[[San Manuel, Pangasinan|San Manuel]] *[[San Nicolas, Pangasinan|San Nicolas]] *[[San Quintin, Pangasinan|San Quintin]] *[[Santa Barbara, Pangasinan|Santa Barbara]] *[[Santa Maria, Pangasinan|Santa Maria]] *[[Santo Tomas, Pangasinan|Santo Tomas]] *[[Sison, Pangasinan|Sison]] *[[Sual, Pangasinan|Sual]] *[[Tayug, Pangasinan|Tayug]] *[[Umingan, Pangasinan|Umingan]] *[[Urbiztondo, Pangasinan|Urbiztondo]] *[[Villasis, Pangasinan|Villasis]] [[Image:saltfarm.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Commercial Salt Industry in [[Dasol]].]] =Siyudad= *[[Alaminos City]] *[[Urdaneta City]] *[[Dagupan City]] *[[San Carlos City, Pangasinan|San Carlos City]] ==Dadalawen== ===Hundred Islands=== Say [[Hundred Islands National Park]], dia ed baybay na Brgy. Lucap ed [[Alaminos City]], so 123 a kapuloan ed [[Lingayen Gulf]]. ===Nuestra Senora de Manaoag=== Say Nuestra Senora de Manaoag ===Arom a bantog a dadalawen=== * Bonuan Blue Beach in Dagupan * White Beach in San Fabian * Cape Bolinao Beach in Bolinao * Tambobong White Beach in Dasol * Tondol Beach in Anda * Antong Falls in Sison * Cacupangan Cave in Mabini * Mount Balungao in Balungao * Manleluag Spring National Park in Mangatarem * Sanctuario de Senor Divino Tesoro in Calasiao * Salasa Church in Bugallon * Urduja House in Lingayen * Lingayen Gulf War Museum in Lingayen * Bolinao Museum in Bolinao * Narciso Ramos Sports and Civic Center in Lingayen * Oceanographic Marine Laboratory in Alaminos ==Nengneng met== * [[Salitan Pangasinan|Salitan Pangasinan]] * [[Totoon Pangasinan|Totoon Pangasinan]] * [[Pangibalikasan na English - Pangasinan|Pangibalikasan na English - Pangasinan]] * [[Panngibalikasan na Pangasinan - English|Pangibalikasan na Pangasinan - English]] * [[Filipinas|Filipinas]] * [[Asin|Asin]] * [[Bagoon|Bagoong]] * [[Bangus|Bangus]] * [[Fidel V. Ramos|Fidel V. Ramos]] * [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo|Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] * [[Fernando Poe, Jr.|Fernando Poe, Jr.]] * [[Jose de Venecia, Jr.|Jose de Venecia, Jr.]] * [[Victor Aguedo E. Agbayani|Victor Aguedo E. Agbayani]] ==Saray nipaway ya kawing== * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://www.bansa.org Bansa.org] * [http://www.borobudurshipexpedition.com/index.htm Borobudur Ship Expedition] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} {{Luzon lateral}} [[Category:Provinces of the Philippines]] [[ceb:Pangasinan]] [[de:Pangasinan]] [[en:Pangasinan]] [[ilo:Pangasinan]] [[ja:パンガシナン州]] [[nl:Pangasinan (provincie)]] [[no:Pangasinan]] [[pam:Pangasinan]] [[tl:Pangasinan]] 54 573 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Magasin]] moved to [[Magasin]] Dakdakel lay magasin balet anggapo niy magasin ya akasulat ed Pangasinan. 55 2934 2006-12-17T04:56:23Z Escarbot 14 robot Adding: am, bar, jv, nov, yi Modifying: qu * [[Numero]] * [[Aritmetik]] * [[Algebra]] * [[Geometry]] * [[Trigonometry]] * [[Calculus]] [[af:Wiskunde]] [[am:ትምህርተ ሂሳብ]] [[an:Matematicas]] [[ar:رياضيات]] [[ast:Matemátiques]] [[az:Riyaziyyat]] [[ba:Математика]] [[bar:Mathematik]] [[be:Матэматыка]] [[bg:Математика]] [[bn:গণিত]] [[br:Matematikoù]] [[bs:Matematika]] [[ca:Matemàtiques]] [[ceb:Matematika]] [[co:Matematica]] [[cs:Matematika]] [[csb:Matematika]] [[cy:Mathemateg]] [[da:Matematik]] [[de:Mathematik]] [[diq:Matematik]] [[el:Μαθηματικά]] [[en:Mathematics]] [[eo:Matematiko]] [[es:Matemática]] [[et:Matemaatika]] [[eu:Matematika]] [[fa:ریاضیات]] [[fi:Matematiikka]] [[fiu-vro:Matõmaatiga]] [[fo:Støddfrøði]] [[fr:Mathématiques]] [[fur:Matematiche]] [[fy:Wiskunde]] [[ga:Matamaitic]] [[gd:Matamataigs]] [[gl:Matemáticas]] [[gu:ગણિત]] [[gv:Maddaght]] [[he:מתמטיקה]] [[hr:Matematika]] [[hu:Matematika]] [[ia:Mathematica]] [[id:Matematika]] [[ie:Matematica]] [[io:Matematiko]] [[is:Stærðfræði]] [[it:Matematica]] [[ja:数学]] [[jbo:cmaci]] [[jv:Matematika]] [[ka:მათემატიკა]] [[km:គណិតសាស្ត្រ]] [[ko:수학]] [[ky:Математика]] [[la:Mathematica]] [[lad:Matematika]] [[lb:Mathematik]] [[li:Mathematik]] [[lmo:Matemàtega]] [[lt:Matematika]] [[lv:Matemātika]] [[mk:Математика]] [[ms:Matematik]] [[nah:Tlapōhuayōtl]] [[nds:Mathematik]] [[nds-nl:Wiskunde]] [[nl:Wiskunde]] [[nn:Matematikk]] [[no:Matematikk]] [[nov:Matematike]] [[nrm:Caltchul]] [[oc:Matematicas]] [[pl:Matematyka]] [[ps:شمېر پوهنه]] [[pt:Matemática]] [[qu:Yupay Yachay]] [[ro:Matematică]] [[ru:Математика]] [[ru-sib:Математика]] [[sc:Matemàtica]] [[scn:Matimàtica]] [[sco:Mathematics]] [[simple:Mathematics]] [[sk:Matematika]] [[sl:Matematika]] [[sq:Matematika]] [[sr:Математика]] [[su:Matematika]] [[sv:Matematik]] [[sw:Hisabati]] [[ta:கணிதம்]] [[tet:Matemátika]] [[th:คณิตศาสตร์]] [[tl:Matematika]] [[tr:Matematik]] [[tt:Matematik]] [[ug:ماتېماتىكا]] [[uk:Математика]] [[uz:Matematika]] [[vec:Matematega]] [[vi:Toán học]] [[vo:Matematav]] [[wo:Xayma]] [[yi:מאטעמאטיק]] [[zh:数学]] [[zh-classical:數學]] [[zh-min-nan:Sò͘-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:數學]] 56 577 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Media]] moved to [[Media]] Internet Diaryo Telebishon 57 764 2006-10-03T23:45:16Z Arikasikis 11 Say musik: sakey ya expression na too ya mangungusar ya tanol san silence. * [[Cancion ed Pangasinan]] 58 581 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Negosyo]] moved to [[Negosyo]] * [[Agro-Industrial]] * [[Trading]] * [[Bangko san Finance]] 59 583 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Nipaakar ed Antropoji]] moved to [[Nipaakar ed Antropoji]] History na Too 60 776 2006-10-04T00:10:37Z Arikasikis 11 [[Olo]] [[Puso]] [[Mata]] [[Altey]] 61 587 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Nipaakar ed Talaman]] moved to [[Nipaakar ed Talaman]] * [[Dika]] * [[Lomboy]] * [[Mangga]] * [[Mais]] * [[Niog]] * [[Pantol]] * [[Punti]] * [[Unas]] 62 589 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Painting]] moved to [[Painting]] Michelangelo Rembrandt Van Gogh 63 591 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Pananisia]] moved to [[Pananisia]] * [[Biblia]] * [[Dasal]] * [[Rito]] * [[Kankanta]] * [[Bilay na Saray Santo]] * [[Arom ran Reliyon]] 64 593 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Panaon san Klima]] moved to [[Panaon san Klima]] Tiagew Panaon na Uran 65 731 2006-10-03T17:37:29Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Paul Cezanne.jpg|150px|thumb|Self portrait]] Sakey ya French artist ya painter (Post-impressinist) si Paul Cézanne (Enero 19, 1839 – Octobre 22, 1906). Say trabaho to so foundation ya taytay ya mansusuldong na 19th Century kanunotan nipaakar ed art san say kanunuton ed 20th century. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[ar:بول سيزان]] [[bg:Пол Сезан]] [[ca:Paul Cézanne]] [[cs:Paul Cézanne]] [[da:Paul Cézanne]] [[de:Paul Cézanne]] [[en:Paul Cézanne]] [[et:Paul Cézanne]] [[el:Πωλ Σεζάν]] [[es:Paul Cézanne]] [[eo:Paul Cézanne]] [[fr:Paul Cézanne]] [[fy:Paul Cézanne]] [[ko:폴 세잔]] [[hr:Paul Cézanne]] [[io:Paul Cézanne]] [[ilo:Paul Cézanne]] [[id:Paul Cézanne]] [[is:Paul Cézanne]] [[it:Paul Cézanne]] [[he:פול סזאן]] [[ka:სეზანი, პოლ]] [[lb:Paul Cézanne]] [[lt:Polis Sezanas]] [[li:Paul Cézanne]] [[mk:Пол Сезан]] [[nl:Paul Cézanne]] [[ja:ポール・セザンヌ]] [[no:Paul Cézanne]] [[oc:Paul Cézanne]] [[nds:Paul Cézanne]] [[pl:Paul Cézanne]] [[pt:Paul Cézanne]] [[ro:Paul Cézanne]] [[ru:Сезанн, Поль]] [[scn:Paul Cézanne]] [[sk:Paul Cézanne]] [[sr:Пол Сезан]] [[sh:Paul Cézanne]] [[fi:Paul Cézanne]] [[sv:Paul Cézanne]] [[tr:Paul Cézanne]] [[uk:Сезан Поль]] [[zh:保罗·塞尚]] 66 597 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Philosofi]] moved to [[Philosofi]] Sakey ya field na study so Philosofi ya nipakar ed aesthetics, logic, ethics, san metaphysics. 67 599 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Phisiks]] moved to [[Phisiks]] Newton's Law na Motion Quantum Mechanics General Theory na Relativity 68 601 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Pop]] moved to [[Pop]] Say pop odino pop music: sakey ya genre na popular music ya duma ed classical music san folk music. 69 603 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Radio]] moved to [[Radio]] Say radio: sakey appliance ed abong ya uusarin umpian makarengel na musika, balikas, o drama. 70 605 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Republik]] moved to [[Republik]] Republika na Pilipinas Republika na Indonesia People's Republik na Tsina 71 607 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Salita]] moved to [[Salita]] Sakey ya sisteman signal so salita ya mangungusar ya boses, sulat odino gestures. 72 2930 2006-12-12T06:07:11Z Robbot 23 robot Removing: de, ja, nl, no, tl Modifying: en, ilo Nengneng yo met: [[Pangasinan]] Nengneng yo met: [[Listaan na Salitan English]] ''Salitan Pangasinan'' Say [[salitan Pangasinan]] so sakey ya [[Saray salitan Malayo Polynesia|salitan Malayo-Polynesian]] ya sanga na boleg ya [[salitan Austronesian]]. Onsulok ya 1 milyon so mansasalita na say salitan Pangasinan. Naananap ed luyag na Pangasinan, tan naanap ed bansa na Filipinas, so saray karaklan na makapansalita na sayan salita. Balet wala met ray naanap ya makapansalita na Pangasinan ed luyag na [[La Union]], [[Tarlac]], [[Zambales]], tan diad [[Metro Manila]], diad parehas ya bansa. Aga labat ed [[Filipinas]], naanap ray makapansalita na Pangasinan, wala met makapansalita ed arom na bansa ya singa ed [[United States]]. Pangasinan so sankarekelan ya uusarin ya salita ed luyag na [[Pangasinan]], ya naanap ed pulo na [[Luzon]] tan gilig na [[Lingayen Gulf]]. Say salitan Pangasinan so sakey ya sankabalegan ya salita ed [[Filipinas]]. Say amin ya totoo ed [[luyag na Pangasinan]] so 2,434,086 (National Statistics Office: 2000 Census). Dia ed amin ya toto to ya, walay 1.5 million so makapansalita na Pangasinan. Say sakey ya tawag ed salitan Pangasinan: * ''Pangasinense'', a-Kastilan ngaran na Pangasinan. '''Etymology of Pangasinan''' * "gawaan na asin" odino "dalin ya panlalapuan na asin" odino "asinan" so pinanlapuan na salitan ''Pangasinan''. * "pananginan na asin" so sakey nen meaning na ''pangasinan''. sakey yan ceramic jar ya uusaren da umpian pananginan na asin odino panangan ya inasinan. ==History== Andukey so history na Pangasinan kumpara ed arom ya grupo ed Pilipinas. Nen 10th century, akabisita laray lider na Pangasinan ed [[China]]. Balo nira aka-bisita ed China ed saman ya panaon, wala lay trade na nagagawa diad pegley na Pangasinan san China san [[Japan]]. Lapod sayan record, sakey so Pangasinan ya sankadaanan ya kultura ed Pilipinas. Balo ni simmabi ray [[Kastila]] ed Pangasinan, wala lay sisteman panagsulat daray totoon Pangasinan. Sakey yan klase na alibata. Balet duma ya daiset ed alibata na saray taga-Java na [[Indonesia]] san saray [[Tagalog]]. Ginapuan labat so panag-usar na alpabeton Latin, nen sinmabi ray Kastila ed Pangasinan. Natan, alpabeton Latin la so uusarin na saray totoo ed Pangasinan. Dakel ya produkto ya simbulo na [[Filipinas]], nanlapo ed kultura na Pangasinan. Say [[Sayaw ed Tapew na Bangko]], odino say panangan na inasin; saraya nanlapo ed Pangasinan. Dakel sa produkto na Pangasinan ya say nonot na saray arom, Sounds Features ==Grammar== ===Pronouns=== {| border="1" cellpadding="2" !&nbsp; !Absolutive Independent !Absolutive Enclitic !Ergative !Oblique |- |'''1st person singular''' |siák | ak | -k(o) |ed siak |- |'''1st person dual''' |sikatá | ita, ta | -ta |ed sikata |- |'''2nd person singular''' |siká | ka | -m(o) |ed sika |- |'''3rd person singular''' |sikató | - , -a | to |ed sikato |- |'''1st person plural inclusive''' |sikatayó | itayo, tayo | -tayo |ed sikatayo |- |'''1st person plural exclusive''' |sikamí | kamí | mi |ed sikami |- |'''2nd person plural''' |sikayó |kayó |yo |ed sikayo |- |'''3rd person plural''' |sikara |ira, ra |da |ed sikara |} ===Numero=== Say untombok, say numero ed Pangasinan anggad samplura. 1 sakey 2 dwara 3 talora 4 apatera 5 limara 6 animmera 7 pitora 8 walora 9 siamera 10 samplora ''Tongtong'': Pangasinan Stories ''Uliran'': Pangasinan Myths and Legends ''Togtog'': Pangasinan Songs and Music ''Diparan'': Pangasinan Sayings and Proverbs ''Pabitla'': Pangasinan Riddles Sakey ya kansion na Pangasinan '''''Malinak Lay Labi'''''<br> ''Malinak lay Labi''<br> ''Oras la'y mareen''<br> <br> ''Mapalpalna'y dagem''<br> ''Katekep to'y linaew''<br> <br> ''Samit da'y kugip ko''<br> ''Binangonan kon tampol''<br> <br> ''Lapu'd say limgas mo''<br> ''Sikan sika'y amamayoen''<br> <br> ''Lalo la bilay''<br> ''No sika la'y nanengneng''<br> <br> ''Napunas lan amin''<br> ''So ermen ya akbibiten''<br> <br> ''No nanonotan''<br> ''Ko la'y samit day ugalim''<br> <br> ''Ag ta ka nalingwanan''<br> ''Angga'd kauyos na bilay''<br> Listaan na apilin salita ed English '''English - Pangasinan''' # I - siak, ak # you (singular) - sika, ka # he - sikato (he/she), to # we - sikami, kami, mi, sikatayo, tayo, sikata, ta # you (plural) - sikayo, kayo, yo # they - sikara, ra # this - aya # that - aman, atan # here - dia # there - diman, ditan # who - siopa, opa, si # what - anto, a # where - iner # when - kapigan, pigan # how - pano, panon # not - ag, andi, aleg, aliwa # all - amin # many - amayamay, dakel # some - pigara # few - daiset # other - arom # one - isa, sakey # two - dua, duara # three - talo, talora # four - apat, apatira # five - lima, limara # big - baleg # long - andokey # wide - maawang, malapar # thick - makapal # heavy - ambelat # small - melag, melanting, tingot, daiset # short - melag, melanting, tingot, antikey, kulang, abeba # narrow - mainget # thin - mabeng, maimpis # woman - bii # man (adult male) - laki, bolog # man (human being) - too # child - ogaw, anak # wife - asawa, kaamong, akolaw # husband - asawa, kaamong, masiken # mother - ina # father - ama # animal - ayep # fish - sira # bird - manok, siwsiw # dog - aso # louse - kuto # snake - oleg # worm - biges, alumbayar # tree - kiew, tanem # forest - kakiewan, katakelan # stick - bislak, sanga # fruit - bunga # seed - bokel # leaf - bulong # root - lamot # bark - obak # flower - bulaklak # grass - dika # rope - singer, lubir # skin - baog, katat # meat - laman # blood - dala # bone - pokel # fat (n.) - mataba, taba # egg - iknol # horn - saklor # tail - ikol # feather - bago # hair - buek # head - ulo # ear - layag # eye - mata # nose - eleng # mouth - sangi # tooth - ngipen # tongue - dila # fingernail - kuko # foot - sali # leg - bikking # knee - pueg # hand - lima # wing - payak # belly - eges # guts - pait # neck - beklew # back - beneg # breast - pagew, suso # heart - puso # liver - altey # drink - inom # eat - mangan, akan, kamot # bite - ketket # suck - supsup, suso # spit - lutda # vomit - uta # blow - sibok # breathe - engas, ingas, dongap, linawa # laugh - elek # see - nengneng # hear - dengel # know - amta, kabat # think - isip, nonot # smell - angob, amoy # fear - takot # sleep - ogip # live - bilay # die - onpatey, patey # kill - manpatey, patey # fight - laban, kolkol, bakal # hunt - managnop, anop, manpana, pana, manpaltog, paltog # hit - tira, nakna, pekpek # cut - tegteg, sugat # split - pisag, puter # stab - saksak, doyok # scratch - gugo, gorgor # dig - kotkot # swim - langoy # fly (v.) - tekyab # walk - akar # come - gala, gali, onsabi, sabi # lie - dokol (lie down) # sit - yorong # stand - alagey # turn - liko, telek # fall - pelag # give - iter, itdan # hold - benben # squeeze - pespes # rub - kuskos, gorgor # wash - oras # wipe - punas # pull - goyor # push - tolak # throw - topak # tie - singer # sew - dait # count - bilang # say - ibaga # sing - togtog # play - galaw # float - letaw # flow - agos # freeze - kigtel # swell - larag # sun - agew, banua, ugto (noon) # moon - bulan # star - bitewen # water - danum # rain - uran # river - ilog, kalayan # lake - ilog, look # sea - dayat # salt - asin # stone - bato # sand - buer # dust - dabok # earth - dalin # cloud - lorem # fog - kelpa # sky - tawen # wind - dagem # snow - linew # ice - pakigtel # smoke - asiwek, asewek # fire - apoy, pool, dalang, sinit # ashes - dapol # burn - pool # road - dalan, basbas # mountain - palandey # red - ambalanga # green - ampasiseng, pasiseng, maeta, eta # yellow - duyaw # white - amputi, puti # black - andeket, deket # night - labi # day - agew # year - taon # warm - ampetang, petang # cold - ambetel, betel # full - naksel, napno # new - balo # old - daan # good - duga, maong, abig # bad - aliwa, mauges # rotten - abolok, bolok # dirty - maringot, dingot, marutak, dutak # straight - maptek, petek # round - malimpek, limpek # sharp - matdem, tarem # dull - mangmang, epel # smooth - patad # wet - ambasa, basa # dry - amaga, maga # correct - duga, tua # near - asinger, abay # far - arawi, biek (other side) # right - kawanan # left - kawigi # at - ed # in - ed # with - iba # and - tan # if - no # because - ta, lapu ed # name - ngaran ==Dictionaries san References== Listaan na dictionary san nabasan libro nipakar ed Pangasinan. Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgaya. Diccionario Pangasinan-Espanol'' and ''Vocabulario Hispano-Pangasinan (Colegio de Santo Tomas, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative. Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario Castellano-Pangasinan (1898). Mariano Pellicer. Arte de la Lengua Pangasinan o Caboloan (1904). Felixberto B. Viray. The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language (1927). Corporacion de PP. Dominicos. Pasion Na Cataoan Tin JesuChristo (U.S.T. Press, 1951). Paciencia E. Versoza. Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English (1961). Paul Morris Schachter. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan (1968). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972). Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975). Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (1976). Alta Grace Q. Garcia. Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs (1981). Philippine Bible Society. Say Santa Biblia (Philippine Bible Society, 1982). Philippine Bible Society. Maung A Balita Para Sayan Panaon Tayo (Philippine Bible Society and United Bible Societies, 1983). Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993). Church of Christ. Say Cancanta (Church of Christ, n.d.). Translations of English songs like "Joy to the World," and "What A Friend We Have in Jesus" are included. A favorite traditional folk song of Pangasinan is ''Malinak Lay Labi'', which is translated "Calm is the Night." An English translation of this song can be found in the Internet along with some Pangasinan poems and literature. ==See also== * [[Pangasinan]] * [[Saray arom ran salita ed Filipinas]] * [[Salitan Tagalog]] * [[Salitan Ilokano]] * [[Salitan Cebuano]] * [[Salitan Kapampangan]] * [[Salitan Chabacano]] * [[Salitan Malayo-Polynesian]] * [[Salitan Sumerian]] * [[Listaan ya Swadesh]] ==External links== * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pag Ethnologue Report for Pangasinan] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.dalityapi.com/mambo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=223 Basic description of Pangasinan language history and grammar] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star] * [http://www.bansa.org Bansa.org] * [http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/ Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database] * [http://pangasinanblog.blogspot.com Pangasinan Blog] ==Further reading== Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgaya. Diccionario Pangasinan-Espanol'' and ''Vocabulario Hispano-Pangasinan (Colegio de Santo Tomas, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative. Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario Castellano-Pangasinan (1898). Mariano Pellicer. Arte de la Lengua Pangasinan o Caboloan (1904). Felixberto B. Viray. The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language (1927). Paciencia E. Versoza. Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English (1961). Paul Morris Schachter. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan (1968). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972). Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975). Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (1976). Alta Grace Q. Garcia. Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs (1981). Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993). [[Category:Languages of the Philippines]] [[Category:Austronesian languages]] [[en:Pangasinan language]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Pangasinan]] 73 1075 2006-10-14T18:39:41Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1954.jpg|150px|thumb|Litrato nen Dalí]] Sakey ya [[Surealist]] si Salvador Dali. Taga [[Espanya]]. Kabat si Dali ya manpi-pintor na natutunaw ran orasan. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[ar:سلفادور دالي]] [[bg:Салвадор Дали]] [[bs:Salvador Dali]] [[ca:Salvador Dalí i Domènech]] [[cs:Salvador Dalí]] [[de:Salvador Dalí]] [[el:Σαλβαδόρ Νταλί]] [[en:Salvador Dalí]] [[eo:Salvador Dalí]] [[es:Salvador Dalí]] [[fi:Salvador Dalí]] [[fr:Salvador Dalí]] [[gl:Salvador Dalí]] [[he:סלבדור דאלי]] [[hr:Salvador Dali]] [[hu:Salvador Dalí]] [[hy:Սալվադոր Դալի]] [[id:Salvador Dalí]] [[io:Salvador Dalí]] [[it:Salvador Dalí]] [[ja:サルバドール・ダリ]] [[ka:დალი, სალვადორ]] [[la:Salvatorius Dalí]] [[lb:Salvador Dalí]] [[mk:Салвадор Дали]] [[nds:Salvador Dali]] [[nl:Salvador Dalí]] [[no:Salvador Dalí]] [[oc:Salvador Dalí]] [[pl:Salvador Dalí]] [[pt:Salvador Dalí]] [[ro:Salvador Dalí]] [[ru:Дали, Сальвадор]] [[scn:Salvador Dalí]] [[sk:Salvador Dalí]] [[sl:Salvador Dali]] [[sq:Salvador Dalí]] [[sr:Салвадор Дали]] [[sv:Salvador Dalí]] [[th:ซัลวาดอร์ ดาลี]] [[tr:Salvador Dalí]] [[uk:Далі Сальвадор]] [[zh:萨尔瓦多·达利]] 74 613 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Sayaw]] moved to [[Sayaw]] '''Sayaw''' ==Sayaw na Pangasinan== * [[Binasuan]] * [[Sayaw ed Tapew na Bangko]] * [[Wasiwas]] ==Sayaw na Kastila== * [[Flamenco]] ==Sayaw na Hapon== * [[Bon Odori]] 75 615 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Sculpture]] moved to [[Sculpture]] Abueva Gaugin 76 617 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Season]] moved to [[Season]] Walay dwaran season ed Pangasinan: season na petang san season na uran. 77 619 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Season na Petang]] moved to [[Season na Petang]] Say season na petang so sakey ya season ed tropics. Aya may panaon ya anggapoy uran. Lapor anggapoy uran, ampetang ed sayan panaon. 78 621 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Season na Uran]] moved to [[Season na Uran]] Say season na uran: sakey ya season ya uran ran uran. Aya met so panaon ed tropics ya ensasabi so bagyo. 79 623 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Sports]] moved to [[Sports]] Sakey ya physical activity so sports. 80 625 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Telebisyon]] moved to [[Telebisyon]] GMA-7 ABS-CBN ABC-5 RPN-9 81 627 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Totoo san Ulupan]] moved to [[Totoo san Ulupan]] Kabat ran totoo Grupon Ethnic Ulupan 82 1064 2006-10-14T00:16:51Z Arikasikis 11 Totoon mansasalita na [[Pangasinan]]. 83 631 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Trading]] moved to [[Trading]] Voluntary ya panagsalat na produkto so labay na ibaga na trading. 84 779 2006-10-04T00:18:15Z Arikasikis 11 /* Ulupan Lokal */ ==Ulupan International== * [[APEC]] * [[ASEAN]] * [[United Nations]] * [[World Wildlife Fund for Nature]] ==Ulupan Lokal== * [[Palaris Confraternity]] * [[Rotary Dagupan]] * [[Subol Society]] * [[Ulupan na Pansiansiay Salitan Pangasinan]] 85 635 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/United States of America]] moved to [[United States of America]] United States of America (USA), sakey a bansa ed Norte America. 86 637 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Vincent van Gogh]] moved to [[Vincent van Gogh]] [[Image:VanGogh 1887 Selbstbildnis.jpg|150px|thumb|Self-Portrait nen Van Gogh]] [[en:Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]] Say inkianak to yan si Vincent van Gogh et nen Marso 30, 1853 dimad Groot Zundert diman ed Nederlands. Diya ed sayan lugar met la nanayam si Vincent anggad asabi to so taon ya labin-anem. Nen asabi toy taon ya duwamplo nanayam si Vincent diman ed Inglatera. Diman met la nantrabaho diya ed sakey ya tatawagen ya schoolhouse. Balet maermen si Vincent ed sayan trabaho to ta melag so suweldo kanyan dinesisyunan toy ompawil ed Holland. Masuwerte met ta akaanap na trabaho to diya ed sakey ya bookstore. Sinmabi imay taon ya 1878. Baleg so pisasalamat tayon mahilig ed painting ta aya imay taon ya nanumpisa si Vincent ed panag-drowing. Nen 1881 pinmawil si Vincent ya nanayam kaiba toray ateng to. Diya met la nan-umpisa si Vincent ya man-painting kasompal ton man-training ed uncle ton si Anton Mauve. Baleg so impluwensiya nen Vincent ed modern art ya tatawagen. Nen saman ya panaon saray pintor baleg so respeto da ed matuwan kolor. Bilbilang no say kolor to yan rosas et ambalanga o say tuwan kolor to yay sunflower et doyaw dapat doyaw met so kolor to ed painting. Sananey balet so pananisia to ya si Vincent. Lapud ta henyon natawag, anggapoy pibabali to ed tuwan kolor. No anto imay kolor ya mangipaway na emosyon ya aanapen to iman so usaren to. Aliwan importante ed sikato so katuwaan ya pisikal. Say importante ed sikato et imay katuwaan ya naliliknay pusom. No nanengneng yo labat so "Starry, Starry Night", ombegas so bago yo. Aliwan omman so tuwan kolor na bitewen. Aliwan omman so tuwan korte'y tawen balet amay tuwan nalilikna nen Vincent aman so nanengneng yo ed sayan painting. Vicent van Gogh, sakey ya tuwan henyo. [[pag/Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 87 1338 2006-10-24T07:16:49Z 130.54.12.243 ==A== [[a]] [[aba]] sakey ya tanaman [[abala]] [[abig]] [[abol]] [[aboloy]] [[abong]] [[aro]] ==B== [[bilay]] [[kareenan]] [[panangaro]] 88 641 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Wikibalikasan/ilalo]] moved to [[Wikibalikasan/ilalo]] Say ilalo ed English: hope. 89 643 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Wikibalita]] moved to [[Wikibalita]] Balita ed Pangasinan. 90 645 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Wikipedia]] moved to [[Wikipedia]] International wiki san pedia so wikipedia. Anggano siopa makabasa san makapan-edit ya amin ya artikulo ed wikipedia. 91 647 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Wikipedia:kaleskesan]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Kaleskesan]] =Palemleman na Pangasinan Wikipedia= Pian onaliguas so pangamil na sakey a salita, nakaukulan ya na-istandard so parongtal o nengneng to ra. Diad ''standardization'' labat, naparakep so pakatalos na amin ya tagagamil na Salitan Pangasinan. Siguro, karaklan ed sikatayo, ag nanaral na Salitan Pangasinan ed panagaralan. Lapu ed saya, karaklan ed sikatayo, nandumaan so ''spelling'' tayo. Agti met inaral so ''grammar'' to kanyan na-babalang o na-babawasan so inkaduga tan linew na nonot ya labay tayon ibalikas. Kanyan, say sakey ya kimey tayo komon ya nagawaan, say ''standardization'' na ''spelling'' tan makapanggawa tayo na Grammar, Grammar ya duga-ruga, umpian na-ibangat tan nagamil ed Science, Law, tan Math so Salita tayo. Nayari met ya aga ni bagay so panagsulat tayon uusaren. Anggad natan ag ko ni amta no pigara so tanol na ''vowel'' na Pangasinan. Balet amtak ya walay tanol ed Pangasinan ya anggapo ed English tan Tagalog. Naamtaan tayo so ambabangil ya ''vowel'' na salitan Pangasinan no naisulat tilay amin ya salitan Pangasinan. Nipakar ed saya, aroman yo komon so listaan na Pangasinan ed diktionarin [[Listaan na Salitan English|English-Pangasinan]]. Ag yo ni proproblemaen so korek spelling. Ta say pananisiak gaween ti ni labat natan so patakaran to. Say nakaukulan nagapoan tayo, umpian naantaan tayo so amta tayo tan ag tayo amta ed sayan Salita. -[http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Arikasikis Arikasikis] ---------------------------------------- Nakaukulan timet manaya ya desisyonan no antoran salita so naawat ed Pangasinan. Ok labat ya man-awat so sakey ya salita manlapo ed arom ya salita, basta na i-standardize may salita ya aman. Singa say English ran salita, dakel diman nanlapo ed salitan French. Balet ag tayo ninunot ya saraman ya salita, aga English. Siguro naibagan 70% ya salita ed English, nanlapo ed arom ya Salita. Wala ni ingen sa nanlapo ed Tagalog. Bundok, ya no isulat ed English boondocks. Aga na-prevent no maminsan so pangala ed arom ran salita ta wala ray concept san idea ya say pinanlapuan to ed arom ran Salita. Singa democracy odino Nazism. Manaya, say standardization aga labat diad spelling. Sakey ni ya importante say standardization na salita ed antoy scope na definition to. Nagawaan labat ya no walay dictionari ed Pangasinan, ya diad Pangasinan so explanation. Ingawan klaro labat so explanation no walay klaron grammar. Accuracy so importante, aga labat precision, umpian mantalusan ray totoo no uusarin day sakey salita. Long term ya direction na Salitan Pangasinan # Listaan na salitan Pangasinan # Standardization na spelling da rayan salita. # Standardization na Grammar # Dictionari na salitan Pangasinan, ya diad Pangasinan so explanation. No wala lay dictionari na say explanation wadyad Pangasinan, amin ya salita (word) sarag to lan makaloob diad Salitan Pangasinan basta walay explanation diad Pangasinan ya kaiba. -[http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Arikasikis Arikasikis] =Saray kailangan ya babasaen= Kailangan ya saray malabay ya mansulat tan manoman ed Pangasinan Wikipedia so wala so babasaen da ya nipaakar ed salita tan panagsulat ed Pangasinan. Saraya so babasaen ya makatulong ya baleg: Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgaya. Diccionario Pangasinan-Espanol'' and ''Vocabulario Hispano-Pangasinan (Colegio de Santo Tomas, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative. Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario Castellano-Pangasinan (1898). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972). Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975). Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (1976). Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993). -Bato Balani ---------------------------------------- 92 1149 2006-10-14T22:42:12Z Arikasikis 11 /* Saray Bansa */ Ipatalos yo komon odino mansulat na artikulon mangiparungtal ed saramay walad leksab. Aya so listaay "basic subjects" ya nakaukulan tayon ipatalos ed Wikipedian Pangasinan. Sarag yo kasin aroman yan listaan? ==Estoria na Bilay== <!--Current count: 142 Biography articles.--> === Saray Artist === # [[Paul Cézanne]] # [[Salvador Dalí]] # [[Albrecht Dürer]] # [[Vincent van Gogh]] # [[Francisco Goya]] # [[Hokusai]] # [[Henri Matisse]] # [[Michelangelo]] # [[Claude Monet]] # [[Pablo Picasso]] # [[Jackson Pollock]] # [[Raphael]] # [[Rembrandt]] # [[Diego Velázquez]] # [[Andy Warhol]] === Saray Author === # [[Dante Alighieri]] # [[William Blake]] # [[Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] # [[Brothers Grimm]] # [[Homer]] # [[Victor Hugo]] # [[James Joyce]] # [[Franz Kafka]] # [[Li Bai]] # [[Molière]] # [[Pablo Neruda]] # [[Edgar Allan Poe]] # [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[William Shakespeare]] # [[George Bernard Shaw]] # [[Sophocles]] # [[Mark Twain]] # [[Virgil]] === Saray Musikero san Tagasulat na Musika === # [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] # [[The Beatles]] # [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] # [[Frédéric Chopin]] # [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] # [[Elvis Presley]] # [[Frank Sinatra]] # [[Richard Wagner]] === Saray Explorer === # [[Roald Amundsen]] # [[Jacques Cartier]] # [[Christopher Columbus]] # [[Hernán Cortés]] # [[Francis Drake]] # [[Vasco da Gama]] # [[Edmund Hillary]] # [[Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[Marco Polo]] # [[Zheng He]] === Inbentor san scientist === # [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] # [[Charles Darwin]] # [[Thomas Edison]] # [[Albert Einstein]] # [[Henry Ford]] # [[Galileo Galilei]] # [[Bill Gates]] # '''[[Johann Gutenberg]]''' # [[Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[Isaac Newton]] # [[Louis Pasteur]] # [[Nikola Tesla]] # [[Leonardo da Vinci]] # [[Wright brothers]] === Saray Mathematician === # [[Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[Archimedes]] # [[Gottfried Leibniz]] # [[Pythagoras]] {{col-break}} === Saray Manag-philosofi san social scientist === # [[Thomas Aquinas]] # [[Aristotle]] # [[Augustine of Hippo]] # [[Averroes]] # [[René Descartes]] # [[Sigmund Freud]] # [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] # [[Herodotus]] # '''[[Hippocrates]]''' # [[Immanuel Kant]] # [[Søren Kierkegaard]] # [[Martin Luther]] # [[Rosa Luxemburg]] # '''[[Niccolò Machiavelli]]''' # [[Karl Marx]] # [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] # [[Plato]] # [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[Adam Smith]] # [[Socrates]] # [[Sun Tzu]] # [[Thales]] # [[Voltaire]] # [[Max Weber]] === Saray Politiko san lider === # [[Akbar]] # [[Alexander the Great]] # [[Kofi Annan]] # [[Attila the Hun]] # [[Augustus]] # [[Pope Benedict XVI]] # [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] # [[Otto von Bismarck]] # [[Tony Blair]] # [[Simón Bolívar]] # [[George W. Bush]] # [[Julius Caesar]] # [[Charlemagne]] # [[Winston Churchill]] # [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt]] # [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] # [[Charles de Gaulle]] # [[Hammurabi]] # [[Hannibal]] # '''[[Indira Gandhi]]''' # [[Hirohito]] # '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' # [[Pope John Paul II]] # [[Genghis Khan]] # '''[[Vladimir Lenin]]''' # [[Nelson Mandela]] # '''[[Mao Zedong]]''' # [[Benito Mussolini]] # [[Napoleon I na France]] # [[Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[Peter I na Russia]] # [[Vladimir Putin]] # [[Qin Shi Huang]] # [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] # [[Saladin]] # '''[[Shaka]]''' # [[Sitting Bull]] # '''[[Joseph Stalin]]''' # [[Timur]] # [[Leon Trotsky]] # [[Harry S. Truman]] # [[Victoria na United Kingdom]] # [[George Washington]] # [[Wilhelm II na Germany]] === Saray Revolutionari san Aktibista === # [[Mahatma Gandhi]] # [[Che Guevara]] # [[Joan of Arc]] # [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] # [[Osama bin Laden]] # [[Mother Teresa]] {{col-end}} ==Histori== <!--Current count: 46 History articles.--> {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # '''[[Test-wp/pag/History|History]]''' # [[Histori na Mundo]] ===Panahon balo Asulat so Histori anggad Pegley ya Panaon (Middle Ages)=== # [[Daan ya Egypt]] # [[Daan ya Greece]] # [[Daan ya Rome]] # [[Archaeology]] # [[Aztec]] # [[Black Death]] # [[Bronze Age]] # [[Byzantine Empire]] # [[Crusade]] # [[East-West Schism]] # [[Holy Roman Empire]] # [[Indus Valley Civilization]] # [[Iron Age]] # [[Maya civilization]] # [[Macedon]] # [[Middle Ages]] # '''[[Ottoman Empire]]''' # [[Prehistory]] # [[Spanish Inquisition]] # [[Stone Age]] # '''[[Sumer]]''' # [[Viking]] {{col-break}} ===Renaissance anggad Panaon Industrial=== # [[Panaon na Liwawa]] # [[Gieran Sibil na Amerika]] # [[Gieran Rebolusyon na Amerika]] # [[Imperyon British]] # [[Ambetel ya Giera (Cold War)]] # [[Gieran Sibil na English]] # '''[[European colonization of the Americas]]''' # [[Rebolusyon na French]] # [[Great Depression]] # [[Histori na South Africa diad paanon na apartheid]] # [[The Holocaust]] # [[Rebolusyon Industrial]] # [[Saray Gieran kebay Napoleon]] # [[Protestant Reformation]] # [[Renaissance]] # [[Gieran Sibil na Russia]] # [[Rebolusyon na Russia nen taon na 1917]] # [[Scramble para Africa]] # [[Space exploration]] # [[Gieran Sibil na Kastila]] # [[Gierad Vietnam]] # [[TWorld War I]] # [[World War II]] {{col-end}} ==Geography== <!--Current count: 90 Geography articles.--> {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Test-wp/pag/Geografi|Geografi]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Siudad|Siudad]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Continent|Continent]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Bansa|Bansa]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Desierto|Desierto]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Ocean|Ocean]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Ilog|Ilog]] ===Continents and regions=== # [[Afrika]] # [[Antarctika]] # [[Asia]] # [[Europe]] # '''[[Latin Amerika]]''' # '''[[Pigley na East]]''' # '''[[North Amerika]]''' # [[Oceania]] # '''[[South Amerika]]''' ===Saray Bansa=== # [[Afghanistan]] # [[Austria]] # [[Australia]] # [[Bangladesh]] # [[Brazil]] # [[Canada]] # '''[[Cuba]]''' # [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] # [[Egypt]] # [[Ethiopia]] # [[France]] # [[Germany]] # '''[[Greece]]''' # [[India]] # '''[[Indonesia]]''' # [[Iran]] # '''[[Iraq]]''' # [[Israel]] # [[Italy]] # [[Japan]] # [[Libya]] # [[Mexico]] # [[Monaco]] # [[Niger]] # [[North Korea]] # [[People's Republic of China]] # [[Poland]] # [[Russia]] # [[Rwanda]] # [[Saudi Arabia]] # [[South Africa]] # [[South Korea]] # '''[[Spain]]''' # [[Turkey]] # [[United Kingdom]] # [[United States]] # [[Vatican City]] # '''[[Vietnam]]''' ===Saray Siyudad=== # [[Athens]] # [[Beijing]] # [[Berlin]] # [[Dagupan City|Dagupan]] # [[Hong Kong]] # '''[[Jerusalem]]''' # [[London]] # [[Mecca]] # [[Moscow]] # [[Mumbai]] # [[New Delhi]] # [[New York City|New York]] # '''[[Paris]]''' # '''[[Rome]]''' # [[Saint Petersburg]] # [[Shanghai]] # [[Sydney]] # [[Tokyo]] # [[Toronto]] # [[Washington, D.C.]] ===Pasen na Danom=== # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Arctic Ocean|Arctic Ocean]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Ilog na Amazon|Ilog na Amazon]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Dayat na Baltic|Dayat na Baltic]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Dayat ya Andeket (Black Sea)|Dayat ya Andeket]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Great Barrier Reef|Great Barrier Reef]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Great Lakes|Great Lakes]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Lake Baikal|Lake Baikal]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Lake Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Lake Titicaca|Lake Titicaca]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Lake Victoria|Lake Victoria]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Dayat na Mediterranean|Dayat na Mediterranean]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Ilog na Mississippi|Ilog na Mississippi]] # {{FA}} [[Test-wp/pag/Niagara Falls|Niagara Falls]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Nile|Nile]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Dayat North|Dayat North]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Southern Ocean|Southern Ocean]] ===Saray Palandey, valley, san desierto=== # [[Test-wp/pag/Andes|Andes]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Himalaya|Himalaya]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountains]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Sahara|Sahara]] {{col-end}} == Society and social sciences == <!--Current count: 76 Society articles.--> {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Test-wp/pag/Society|Society]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Family|Family]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Adult|Adult]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Child|Child]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Infant|Infant]] ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/Marriage|Marriage]]''' # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Law|Law]]''' ## [[Test-wp/pag/Constitution|Constitution]] ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Crime|Crime]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Military|Military]]''' # Social sciences ## [[Test-wp/pag/Anthropology|Anthropology]] ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Archaeology|Archaeology]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Education|Education]] ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/Political science|Political science]]''' ## [[Test-wp/pag/Psychology|Psychology]] ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Sociology|Sociology]] === Behavior === # [[Test-wp/pag/Emotion|Emotion]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Anger|Anger]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Fear|Fear]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Love|Love]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Happiness|Happiness]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Mind|Mind]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Consciousness|Consciousness]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Thought|Thought]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Ugip|Ugip]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Kugip|Kugip]] === Politics === # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Politics|Politics]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Anarchism|Anarchism]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Capitalism|Capitalism]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Communism|Communism]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Democracy|Democracy]]''' # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Dictatorship|Dictatorship]]''' # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Diplomacy|Diplomacy]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Fascism|Fascism]]''' # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Globalization|Globalization]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Government|Government]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Imperialism|Imperialism]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Liberalism|Liberalism]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Monarchy|Monarchy]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Nationalism|Nationalism]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Socialism|Socialism]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/State|State]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Theocracy|Theocracy]] {{col-break}} === International organizations === # [[Test-wp/pag/Arab League|Arab League]] # [[Test-wp/pag/European Union|European Union]] # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]] # {{GAicon}} '''[[Test-wp/pag/NATO|NATO]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]] # [[Test-wp/pag/United Nations|United Nations]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/World Bank Group|World Bank Group]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/World Trade Organization|World Trade Organization]] === Business and economics === # [[Test-wp/pag/Business|Business]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Economics|Economics]] # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Agriculture|Agriculture]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Currency|Currency]] ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Euro|Euro]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Japanese yen|Japanese yen]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Pound sterling|Pound sterling]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Renminbi|Renminbi]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Rupee|Rupee]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/United States dollar|United States dollar]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Market|Market]]''' # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Money|Money]]''' # {{FA}} [[Test-wp/pag/Supply and demand|Supply and demand]] === Social issues === # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Abortion|Abortion]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Birth control|Birth control]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Capital punishment|Capital punishment]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Freedom|Freedom]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Human rights|Human rights]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Peace|Peace]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Racism|Racism]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Sexism|Sexism]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Slavery|Slavery]] # [[Test-wp/pag/War|War]] {{col-end}} ==Culture== <!--Current count: 125 Culture articles.--> # '''[[Culture]]''' # [[Art]] ## [[Comics]] ## '''[[Painting]]''' ## '''[[Sculpture]]''' # [[Dance]] # '''[[Film]]''' # [[Radio]] # [[Television]] # '''[[Theatre]]''' ===Language and literature=== <!--No need to italicize, as this list is about the articles, not the books themselves.--> # [[Language]] # [[Alphabet]] ## [[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]] # [[Book]] # [[Grammar]] # [[Literature]] # [[Novel]] ## [[The Book of One Thousand and One Nights]] ## [[Don Quixote]] ## [[Republic (Plato)|Republic]] # [[Poetry]] ## [[Epic of Gilgamesh]] ## [[Iliad]] ## [[Mahabharata]] ## [[Odyssey]] # Specific languages ## [[Arabic language]] ## [[Chinese language]] ## [[English language]] ## [[Esperanto]] ## [[French language]] ## [[German language]] ## [[Hindi]] ## [[Japanese language]] ## [[Latin]] ## [[Portuguese language]] ## [[Russian language]] ## [[Sanskrit]] ## '''[[Spanish language]]''' # [[Word]] # [[Writing]] ===Architecture=== # [[Architecture]] # [[Arko]] # [[Taytay]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Dome|Dome]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/House|House]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Nail (engineering)|Nail]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Pyramid|Pyramid]]''' # Specific structures ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]]''' ## [[Test-wp/pag/Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Tower|Tower]]''' ===Music=== # [[Test-wp/pag/Music|Music]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Baroque music|Baroque music]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Classical music|Classical music]] # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Folk music|Folk music]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Jazz|Jazz]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Pop music|Pop music]] # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Rhythm and blues|Rhythm and blues]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Rock and roll|Rock and roll]]''' === Recreation === # '''[[Recreation]]''' # [[Athletics]] # '''[[Game]]''' ## [[Backgammon]] ## [[Bawet]] ## [[Chess]] ## [[Dice]] ## [[Draughts]] ## [[Go (board game)|Go]] ## [[Mancala]] ## [[Sipa]] ## [[Syatong]] ## [[Kitkit]] # [[Gambling]] ## [[Bulang]] ## [[Pusoy]] # '''[[Sport]]''' ## [[American football]] ## [[Baseball]] ## [[Cricket]] ## [[Football (soccer)|Football]] ## [[Olympic Games]] ## [[Rugby football]] ## [[Tennis]] # [[Galawgalaw]] ## [[Bagabaga]] {{col-break}} ===Religion=== # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Religion|Religion]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Deity|Deity]] ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/God|God]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Mythology|Mythology]] # Religious philosophies ## [[Test-wp/pag/Agnosticism|Agnosticism]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Atheism|Atheism]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Soul|Soul]]''' # Specific religions ## {{FA}} [[Test-wp/pag/Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í Faith]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Báb|Báb]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Bahá'u'lláh|Bahá'u'lláh]] ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/Buddhism|Buddhism]]''' ### [[Test-wp/pag/Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Christianity|Christianity]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Bible|Bible]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Church|Church]] ### {{GAicon}} '''[[Test-wp/pag/Jesus|Jesus]]''' ### [[Test-wp/pag/Pope|Pope]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Trinity|Trinity]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Confucianism|Confucianism]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Confucius|Confucius]] ## {{FA}} [[Test-wp/pag/Hinduism|Hinduism]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Bhagavad Gita|Bhagavad Gita]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Krishna|Krishna]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Upanishad|Upanishad]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Veda|Veda]] ### '''[[Test-wp/pag/Yoga|Yoga]]''' ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Islam|Islam]] ### '''[[Test-wp/pag/Mosque|Mosque]]''' ### '''[[Test-wp/pag/Muhammad|Muhammad]]''' ### [[Test-wp/pag/Qur'an|Qur'an]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Jainism|Jainism]] ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Judaism|Judaism]] ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/Shinto|Shinto]]''' ## [[Test-wp/pag/Sikhism|Sikhism]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Taoism|Taoism]] ### '''[[Test-wp/pag/Laozi|Laozi]]''' ## [[Test-wp/pag/Voodoo|Voodoo]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Zoroaster|Zoroaster]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Spirituality|Spirituality]] ===Philosophy=== # [[Test-wp/pag/Philosophy|Philosophy]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Beauty|Beauty]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Ethics|Ethics]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Existence|Existence]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Feminism|Feminism]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Humanism|Humanism]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Knowledge|Knowledge]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Logic|Logic]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Morality|Morality]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Reality|Reality]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Truth|Truth]] {{col-end}} ==Science== # [[Science]] # '''[[Chemistry]]''' ## [[Asin]] # [[Ecology]] # [[Geology]] # [[Mineral]] ## '''[[Copper]]''' ## [[Diamond]] ## [[Ginto]] ## [[Balakyang]] ## [[Silver]] # [[Oil]] ===Astronomy=== # [[Astronomy]] # [[Big Bang]] # [[Galaxy]] ## [[Milky Way]] # [[Bulan]] # [[Planet]] ## [[Earth]] ## [[Jupiter]] ## [[Mars]] ## [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] ## '''[[Saturn]]''' ## [[Uranus]] ## [[Neptune]] ## [[Pluto]] ## [[Venus]] # [[Bitowen]] ## [[Agew]] # [[Universe]] ===Physics=== # [[Physics]] # [[Atom]] ## [[Molecule]] # [[Energy]] ## [[Electromagnetic radiation]] ### [[Visible spectrum]] #### [[Andiket]] #### [[Color]] ##### [[Blue]] ##### [[Green]] ##### [[Ambalanga]] ##### [[Duyaw]] #### [[Amputi]] # [[Force]] ## [[Gravitation]] # [[Mass]] # [[Quantum mechanics]] # [[Sound]] # [[Peles]] # [[Time]] # [[Belat]] ===Weather and climate=== # [[Avalanche]] # [[Climate]] # [[Lorem]] # '''[[Yegyeg]]''' # [[El Niño-Southern Oscillation]] # [[Delap]] # [[Global warming]] # [[Meteorology]] # [[Uran]] # '''[[Tornado]]''' # [[Bagyo]] # [[Volcano]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Weather|Weather]] {{col-break}} ===Biology=== # [[Biology]] # [[Anatomy]] ## [[Utek]] ## [[Gastrointestinal tract]] ## '''[[Puso]]''' ## [[Lung]] ## [[Skeleton]] # Specific organisms ## [[Ayep]] ### [[Manok]] ### [[Sira]] ### [[Insect]] ### [[Mammal]] #### [[Cattle]] #### [[Pusa]] #### [[Aso]] #### [[Kabayo]] #### [[Too]] ### [[Reptile]] #### [[Dinosaur]] #### [[Oleg]] ## [[Archaea]] ## [[Bacteria]] ## [[Fungus]] ## '''[[Tanaman]]''' ### [[Flower]] ### [[Tree]] ## [[Protist]] # '''[[Medicine]]''' ## [[AIDS]] ## '''[[Blindness]]''' ## [[Cholera]] ## '''[[Dysentery]]''' ## [[Hearing impairment]] ## [[Malaria]] ## '''[[Mental illness]]''' ## [[Pregnancy]] ## [[Smallpox]] == Technology == # '''[[Technology]]''' # [[Kuryente]] # [[Electronics]] ## [[Computer]] ### '''[[Internet]]''' # [[Explosive material]] ## [[Pulbura (Gunpowder)]] # [[Fire]] # [[Metallurgy]] # [[Transport]] ## '''[[Automobile]]''' ## [[Bisiklita]] ## [[Train]] # [[Weapon]] ## [[Wasay]] ## [[Firearm]] == Mathematics == # [[Test-wp/pag/Mathematics|Mathematics]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Algebra|Algebra]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Calculus|Calculus]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Calendar|Calendar]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Game theory|Game theory]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Geometry|Geometry]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Number|Number]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Set|Set]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] ==Foodstuffs== # [[Barley]] # [[Tinapay]] # [[Cheese]] # [[Cotton]] # '''[[Prutas]]''' # [[Mais]] # [[Oat]] # '''[[Niluto]]''' # [[Sorghum]] # '''[[Soybean]]''' # [[Sigarilyo]] # [[Pising]] # [[Wheat]] ===Beverages=== # [[Alcohol]] # [[Beer]] # [[Kape]] # [[Cha]] # [[Danom]] # [[Wine]] [[Category:Wikipedia article lists|All languages should have]] [[Category:Wikipedia core topics|Vital articles]] [[ast:Uiquipedia:Llista d'artículos que toa Wikipedia tien que tener]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Só·-ū ê Wikipedia pán-pún lóng èng-kai ū ê bûn-chiuⁿ]] [[bs:Wikipedia:1000 članaka]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Llista d'articles que totes les llengües haurien de tenir]] [[cv:Википеди:Ку статьясем кашни Википеди уйрăмěсенче пулмалла]] [[cs:Wikipedie:1000 nejdůležitějších článků]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Rhestr erthyglau sy'n angenrheidiol ym mhob iaith]] [[da:Wikipedia:Artikler vi bør have]] [[de:Wikipedia:Artikel, die es in allen Wikipedias geben sollte]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Artiklid, mis peaksid igas keeles olemas olema]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Κατάλογος άρθρων που όλες οι γλώσσες πρέπει να έχουν]] [[en:Wikipedia:Vital articles]] [[es:Wikipedia:Lista de artículos que toda Wikipedia debería tener]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Listo de havendaj artikoloj]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Wikipedia guztiek eduki behar duten artikulu zerrenda]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:فهرست نوشتارهایی كه باید به همه زبان‌ها ترجمه شود]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Liste d'articles que toutes les encyclopédies devraient avoir]] [[fur:Vichipedie:Liste dai articui che dutis lis vichipedîs a varessin di vê]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Liosta d'ábhair riachtanach do gach uile Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Lista de artigos que toda Wikipedia debera ter]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:દરેક ભાષાના વિકિપીડિયામાં હોય એવા પ્રારંભિક લેખોની યાદી]] [[ko:위키백과:모든 언어의 위키백과마다 꼭 있어야 하는 문서 목록]] [[hy:Wikipedia:1000 հոդվածներ, որոնք կարևոր են բոլոր լեզուներով հանրագիտարանների համար]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:कुछ प्रारंभिक लेख जो कि हर भाषा के विकिपीडिया में होने चाहिए]] [[ilo:Wikipedia:Listaan dagiti articulo a nasken a maipatarus ti amin a pagsasao]] [[id:Wikipedia:Artikel yang perlu dimiliki Wikipedia seluruh bahasa]] [[os:Википеди:Алы æвзагыл дæр чи хъуамæ уа, уыцы статьятæ]] [[it:Wikipedia:Lista delle voci che tutte le Wikipedie dovrebbero avere]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Daftar Artikel Dhasar]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Gotar ku ji bo hemû Wîkîpediyayan pêwîst in]] [[lad:Wikipedia:Lista de artikolos ke toda Wikipedia deberiya tener]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnes Vicipaediae habeant]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Raksti, kuriem vajadzētu būt visu valodu Vikipēdijās]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Sąrašas straipsnių, būtinų visomis kalbomis]] [[li:Wikipedia:Lies van artikele die eder Wikipedia moot höbbe]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Ezer fontos cikk]] [[mk:Листа на статии кои Википедија на македонски би требало да ги има]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Senarai rencana semua bahasa perlu ada]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Artikelen die elke Wikipedia zou moeten hebben]] [[ja:Wikipedia:すべての言語版にあるべき項目の一覧]] [[no:Wikipedia:Liste over artikler vi bør ha]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Artiklar vi bør ha]] [[nds:Wikipedia:List vun Artikels, de in all Wikipedias binnen ween schöölt]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Strony, które powinna mieć każda Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Lista dos 1000 artigos essenciais]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Listă de articole pe care ar trebui să le aibă fiecare Wikipedie]] [[ru:Википедия:Список статей, которые должны быть во всех языковых версиях]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Artìculi nicissarî]] [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]] [[sk:Wikipédia:1000 najdôležitejších článkov]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Članki, ki bi jih morala imeti vsaka Wikipedija]] [[sr:Википедија:Списак чланака које српска Википедија треба да има]] [[su:Artikel nu sadaya basa Wikipédia kedah gaduh]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Luettelo keskeisistä tietosanakirja-artikkeleista]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Artiklar som bör finnas på Wikipedia]] [[tl:Wikipedia:Listahan ng mga artikulo na kailangan ng lahat ng wika]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:รายชื่อบทความที่ควรมี]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Danh sách bài cơ bản nên có]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Her Vikipedi'de olması gereken maddeler]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Daftar artikel ᨆᨊᨛᨂ ᨅᨔ ᨄᨑᨛᨒᨘ ᨂᨛᨀ]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Статті, які повинні бути у всіх вікіпедіях]] [[zh:Wikipedia:中文维基百科应该有的特色条目列表]] 93 861 2006-10-04T08:19:30Z Arikasikis 11 /* Introdukshon */ ==Introdukshon== Dia itayo mankakabat. Say Wikipedian Pangasinan, et aliwa labat ya Encyclopedia. Siguro mas importanten nunoten tayo ya say Wikipedia tayo, et sakey ya ulupan odino sakey ya communidad. Diad rason ya aya, marakep no mankakabat tayon amin ya manuusar tan man-cocontribute dya. Marakep no makagawa tayo ya nabasa, nadengel, nabantayan na anak tayo ed salitan Pangasinan. Binmaleg tayo ed sayan salita tan kulturan Pangasinan, kanyan say karaklan ed sikatayo siguro etlabay tayon ipasabi o ibawag irayan kultura ed anak tayora. Diad sayan panamegley, naco-communicate tayo no antoy enkatoo tayo ed sikara. Ag ko apanaralan so Pangasinan ya isulat o basaen. Nanaral ak ed aliwan sayan Salita. Kanyan saray akademik ya kanunutan, mairap kon i-communicate ed sayan salita. Balet, agko innayari no agko gapuan ya mansulat o mannunot ya academic ran kanunutan, kanyan ginapoan ko la. Anggano dakel niray kulang ed siak. Sikayo met, gapuan yo lan mansulat tan mambasa ed Pangasinan. Anta tayo ya anggapoy magano ed bilay. Say kuanda, say [[Roma]] aga agawa ed sakey taon. Pyano unggawan great so Pangasinan, aliwa labat ya sakey taon so naupot. -[[User:Arikasikis|Arikasikis]] 94 653 2006-10-02T13:14:27Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/wiki]] moved to [[Wiki]] Sakey ya website so wiki ya sarag na man-edit, man-dagdag san manbawas so amin ya manag-usar. 95 655 2006-10-02T13:14:27Z Incubator import 6 [[Talk:Wp/pag/Wikibalita]] moved to [[Talk:Wikibalita]] Kaaro, mandagdag ke pa labat na balita ed Pangasinan. 188 658 2006-10-02T23:20:47Z Taichi 8 {{Babel|es|en-2|ja-1|pag-0}} Hi I'm '''Taichi'''. I don't speak pangasinan; for any message please go [[:es:Usuario Discusión:Taichi|here]]. [[aa:User:Taichi]] [[ab:Участник:Taichi]] [[af:Gebruiker:Taichi]] [[ak:User:Taichi]] [[als:Benutzer:Taichi]] [[am:User:Taichi]] [[an:User:Taichi]] [[ang:User:Taichi]] [[ar:مستخدم:Taichi]] [[arc:User:Taichi]] [[as:User:Taichi]] [[ast:Usuariu:Taichi]] [[av:Участник:Taichi]] [[ay:Usuario:Taichi]] [[az:User:Taichi]] [[ba:Участник:Taichi]] [[be:Удзельнік:Taichi]] [[bg:Потребител:Taichi]] [[bh:User:Taichi]] [[bi:User:Taichi]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Taichi]] [[bo:User:Taichi]] [[br:Implijer:Taichi]] [[bs:User:Taichi]] [[ca:Usuari:Taichi]] [[ce:Участник:Taichi]] [[ceb:User:Taichi]] [[ch:User:Taichi]] [[cho:User:Taichi]] [[chr:User:Taichi]] [[chy:User:Taichi]] [[co:User:Taichi]] [[cr:User:Taichi]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Taichi]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Taichi]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Taichi]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Taichi]] [[da:Bruger:Taichi]] [[dv:User:Taichi]] [[dz:User:Taichi]] [[el:Χρήστης:Taichi]] [[en:User:Taichi]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Taichi]] [[es:Usuario:Taichi]] [[et:Kasutaja:Taichi]] [[eu:Lankide:Taichi]] [[fa:کاربر:Taichi]] [[ff:User:Taichi]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Taichi]] [[fiu-vro:User:Taichi]] [[fj:User:Taichi]] [[fo:Brúkari:Taichi]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[fur:Utent:Taichi]] [[fy:Meidogger:Taichi]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Taichi]] [[gd:User:Taichi]] [[gl:User:Taichi]] [[gn:Usuario:Taichi]] [[got:User:Taichi]] [[gu:User:Taichi]] [[gv:User:Taichi]] [[ha:User:Taichi]] [[haw:User:Taichi]] [[he:משתמש:Taichi]] [[hi:सदस्य:Taichi]] [[ho:User:Taichi]] [[hr:Suradnik:Taichi]] [[ht:User:Taichi]] [[hu:User:Taichi]] [[hy:User:Taichi]] [[hz:User:Taichi]] [[ia:Usator:Taichi]] [[id:Pengguna:Taichi]] [[ie:User:Taichi]] [[ig:User:Taichi]] [[ii:User:Taichi]] [[ik:User:Taichi]] [[io:User:Taichi]] [[is:Notandi:Taichi]] [[it:Utente:Taichi]] [[iu:User:Taichi]] [[ja:利用者:*Taichi*]] [[jbo:User:Taichi]] [[jv:User:Taichi]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Taichi]] [[kg:User:Taichi]] [[ki:User:Taichi]] [[kj:User:Taichi]] [[kk:User:Taichi]] [[kl:User:Taichi]] [[km:User:Taichi]] [[kn:User:Taichi]] [[ko:사용자:Taichi]] [[kr:User:Taichi]] [[ks:User:Taichi]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Taichi]] [[kv:Участник:Taichi]] [[kw:User:Taichi]] [[ky:User:Taichi]] [[la:Usor:Taichi]] [[lb:User:Taichi]] [[lg:User:Taichi]] [[li:Gebroeker:Taichi]] [[ln:User:Taichi]] [[lo:User:Taichi]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Taichi]] [[lv:User:Taichi]] [[mg:User:Taichi]] [[mh:User:Taichi]] [[mi:User:Taichi]] [[mk:Корисник:Taichi]] [[ml:User:Taichi]] [[mn:User:Taichi]] [[mo:User:Taichi]] [[mr:User:Taichi]] [[ms:Pengguna:Taichi]] [[mt:User:Taichi]] [[mus:User:Taichi]] [[my:User:Taichi]] [[na:User:Taichi]] [[nah:Usuario:Taichi]] [[nds:Bruker:Taichi]] [[ne:User:Taichi]] [[ng:User:Taichi]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Taichi]] [[nn:Brukar:Taichi]] [[no:Bruker:Taichi]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Taichi]] [[ny:User:Taichi]] [[oc:Utilisator:Taichi]] [[om:User:Taichi]] [[or:User:Taichi]] [[os:Архайæг:Taichi]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Taichi]] 189 908 2006-10-05T13:38:18Z Arikasikis 11 *Salita ed Polok na Polpolo:<br/>[[:ceb:|Salitan Sinugboanon (Salitan Cebuano)]] &middot; [[:tl:|Salitan Tagalog]] &middot; [[:war:|Salitan Winaray (Salitan Waray-Waray)]] &middot; [[:pam:|Salitan Kapampangan]]&middot; [[:ilo:|Salitan Iloko]] &middot; [[:cbk-zam:|Salitan Chavacano de Zamboanga]] &middot; [[:en:|Salitan English]] <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *Sobra ed 1,000,000 ya artikulo:<br/>[[:en:|Salitan English]] <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *Sobra ed 100,000 ya artikulo:<br/>[[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] &middot; [[:es:|Español (Spanish)]] &middot; [[:fr:|Français (French)]] &middot; [[:it:|Italiano (Italian)]] &middot; [[:ja:|日本語 (Japanese)]] &middot; [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] &middot; [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] &middot; [[:pt:| Português (Portuguese)]] &middot; [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> *Sobra ed 10,000 ya artikulo:<br/>[[:ar:|العربية (Arabic)]] &middot; [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] &middot; [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] &middot; [[:cs:|Česky (Czech)]] &middot; [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] &middot; [[:el:|Ελληνικά (Greek)]] &middot; [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] &middot; [[:eo:|Esperanto]] &middot; [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] &middot; [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] &middot; [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] &middot; [[:he:|עברית (Hebrew)]] &middot; [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] &middot; [[:io:|Ido]] &middot; [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] &middot; [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] &middot; [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] &middot; [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] &middot; [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] &middot; [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] &middot; [[:nap:|Napulitana (Neapolitan)]] &middot; [[:no:|Norsk bokmål (Norwegian)]] &middot; [[:nn:|Norsk nynorsk (Norwegian)]] &middot; [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] &middot; [[:ru:|Русский (Russian)]] &middot; [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] &middot; [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] &middot; [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] &middot; [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] &middot; [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (Thai)]] &middot; [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] &middot; [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] &middot; [[:zh:|中文 (Chinese)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-1000"> *Sobra ed 1,000 ya artikulo:<br/>[[:als:|Alemannisch (Alemannic)]] &middot; [[:af:|Afrikaans]] &middot; [[:an:|Aragonés (Aragonese)]] &middot; [[:frp:|Arpitan (Franco-Provençal)]] &middot; [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] &middot; [[:az:|Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)]] &middot; [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]] &middot; [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] &middot; [[:bn:|বাংলা (Bengali)]] &middot; [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] &middot; [[:br:|Brezhoneg (Breton)]] &middot; [[:cv:|Чăваш чěлхи (Chuvash)]] &middot; [[:co:|Corsu (Corsican)]] &middot; [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] &middot; [[:fo:|Føroyskt (Faroese)]] &middot; [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] &middot; [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] &middot; [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] &middot; [[:hi:|हिन्दी (Hindi)]] &middot; [[:ilo:|Ilokano]] &middot; [[:ia:|Interlingua]] &middot; [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] &middot; [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] &middot; [[:kn:|ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)]] &middot; [[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]] &middot; [[:ht:|Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)]] &middot; [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] &middot; [[:la:|Latina (Latin)]] &middot; [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] &middot; [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] &middot; [[:li:|Limburgs (Limburgish)]] &middot; [[:mk:|Македонски (Macedonian)]] &middot; [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] &middot; [[:uz:|O‘zbek (Uzbek)]] &middot; [[:oc:|Occitan]] &middot; [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] &middot; [[:pam:|Pampangan (Kapampangan)]] &middot; [[:pms:|Piemontèis (Piedmontese)]] &middot; [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] &middot; [[:se:|Sámegiella (Northern Sami)]] &middot; [[:sco:|Scots]] &middot; [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] &middot; [[:simple:|Simple English]] &middot; [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] &middot; [[:ceb:|Sinugboanon (Cebuano)]] &middot; [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски (Serbo–Croatian)]] &middot; [[:ta:| தமிழ் (Tamil)]] &middot; [[:tl:|Tagalog]] &middot; [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] &middot; [[:te:|తెలుగు (Telugu)]] &middot; [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] &middot; [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] &middot; [[:war:|Winaray (Waray-Waray)]] &middot; [[:yi:|ייִדיש (Yiddish)]] <p id="lang-coord" style="text-align:center"> '''[[m:Listaan na Saray Wikipedia|Kumpleton Listaan]]''' &middot; '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Coordination diad Nandurumaan ya Salita]]''' &middot; '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Pyanon Manggapo na Wikipedia]]''' </div></div> 190 663 2006-10-03T04:52:12Z Harvzsf 9 Say Wikipedia, manhohost so [[Wikipedia Foundation|Wikipedia Foundation]], sakey ya organisyon ya angapoy-tubo (Non-Profit Organization odino NPO). Wadyad English ni so amin iran akasulat ed lepsab. {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" style="text-align:left" | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wiktionary:en:Main Page|'''Wiktionary''']]<br />Diksionari san Tesaurus | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikibooks:en:Main Page|'''Wikibooks''']]<br />Libren Textbook san Manual | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikiquote:en:Main Page|'''Wikiquote''']]<br />Colection na Quote | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:Main Page:English|'''Wikisource''']]<br />Free Content ya Librari |- | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''Wikispecies''']]<br />Listaan na specie | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikinews:Main Page|'''Wikinews''']]<br />Free Content ya News | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:Main Page|'''Commons''']]<br />Shi-nare na Media | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''Meta-Wiki''']]<br /> Coordination na saray proyekto ed Wikipedia |} 191 867 2006-10-04T09:15:47Z Arikasikis 11 Siak si John. Enianak ak nen 1974. Kareenan para ed sikatayo. 193 674 2006-10-03T12:16:50Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Michelango Portrait by Volterra.jpg|thumb|150px|Chalk portrait nen Michelangelo ya en-drawing nen [[Daniele da Volterra]]]] Sakey ya Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect san poet si Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti (Marso 6, 1475 – Pebrero 18, 1564), ya mas kabat ya Michelangelo. Lapur ed artistic versality to, dakel so mannununot ya sikato so perpekton ehemplo na Renaissance man. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 194 679 2006-10-03T12:30:14Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:ClaudeMonet.jpg|right|frame|Claude Monet.]] Sakey ya French Impressionist painter si Claude Monet ya kabat met ya Oscar-Claude Monet odino Claude Oscar Monet (Nobyembre 14, 1840 – Disyembre 5, 1926). [[Image:Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant, 1872.jpg|thumb|left|275px|''[[Impression, Sunrise]] (Impression, soleil levant)'' ([[1872]]/[[1873]]).]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 195 680 2006-10-03T12:31:05Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:PabloPicasso1916 (photo).jpg|thumb|right|125px|Kalangweran nen Pablo Picasso]] Enianak si Pablo Ruiz Picasso ed Málaga, Spain, panguluan na anak na sanasawan José Ruiz y Blasco and María Picasso y López. Say kumpleton ngaran nen Picasso: Pablo Diego José Santiago Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Crispín Crispiniano de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Picasso. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 196 681 2006-10-03T12:31:55Z Arikasikis 11 Sakey ya influential ya Amerikanon painter si Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956). [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 197 682 2006-10-03T12:35:01Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Sanzio 00.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Self-portrait nen Raphael.]] Sakey ya master painter san architect na Florentine school nen Italian High Renaissance si Raphael odino Raffaello (Abril 6, 1483 – Abril 6, 1520) was a master painter and architect of the Florentine school in the Italian High Renaissance. Say arom ya tawag ed sikato: Raffaello Sanzio, Raffaello Santi, Raffaello da Urbino or Rafael Sanzio da Urbino. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 198 727 2006-10-03T14:52:40Z Arikasikis 11 /* List of administrators */ An '''administrator''' is also called a ''sysop''. You can add requests to this page for things that can only be done by sysops. If you want a page deleted, say so on the [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] page. Sysops are allowed to do some things that other users are not. This is for performance reasons (it would make the website too slow to let everyone do it). It is also for security reasons (because they are trusted). If you want to become one, please say so on this page. Anyone who has been adding to this website for a while is allowed to be an administrator. Jimbo Wales, the founder of the [[Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]], said "this should be no big deal". Sysops do not have any special authority. They are equal to everybody else. Things administrators can do: * Delete pages - [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]], [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]] * Protect and unprotect pages, and edit protected pages - [[Wikipedia:Protection policy]] * Stop users who damage pages - [[Wikipedia:Bans and blocks]], [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]] :''See also: Administrator logs'' - [[Special:Log/block|Blocks]], [[Special:Log/protect|Page protection]], [[Special:Log/delete|Deletions]] ---- A '''bureaucrat''' is a slightly higher administrative level that can perform a few additional functions. Bureaucrats can give administrator or bureaucrat status to other users following a successful request on this page. Bureaucrats can also help users who want to [[:meta:Changing username|change user names]]. They can also "flag" [[Wikipedia:Bot|bots]], which means to hide their contributions from the new changes and put them in the bot group. Requests for name changes should be made directly to the talk page of one of the listed bureaucrats. :''See also: Bureaucrat logs'' - [[Special:Log/rights|User rights]], [[Special:Log/renameuser|User rename]] ==Listaan na saray administrator== :''Sakey ya automated ya listaan ya amin na account ya walay admin status so nanengneng ed saya [[Special:Listadmins]].'' === Actibo === === Aga Actibo === == Requests for bureaucratship == ===[[User:Arikasikis|Arikasikis]]=== Since there are many articles here, I request this status. == Requests for adminship == ===[[User:Arikasikis|Arikasikis]]=== I was the main contributor and test administrator of the Test-wp/pag. I want to translate the buttons into Pangasinan. How do I become an administrator? [[User:Arikasikis]] : ''[[/Archive1|Archive of older requests for administrator status]]'' ==Current issues and requests== [[/Current issues and requests archive 1]] Users can contact sysops on this page to ask them to protect pages. Requests for deletion should be made on [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]] and requests for blocking on [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]]. All sysops should watch this section for issues that sysops must be aware of, and for news about policy changes affecting sysops. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Rules]] * [[meta:Administrators of various Wikipedias]] [[Category:Wikipedia|Administrators]] [[af:Wikipedia:Administrateur]] [[als:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:إداريون]] [[ast:Uiquipedia:Alministradores]] [[av:Википедия:Администраторал]] [[bm:Wikipedia:Administrateurs]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Адміністрацыя]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[br:Wikipedia:Merourien]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Администратори]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Administradors]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Správci]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Gweinyddwyr]] [[da:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[arc:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Administraatorid]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Διαχειριστές]] [[en:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bibliotecarios]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Administrantoj]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Administratzaileak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مدیران]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Umboðsstjóri]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Behearders]] [[fur:Vichipedie:Aministradôrs]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Riarthóirí]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રબંધક]] [[ko:위키백과:관리자]] [[ha:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक]] [[hr:Wikipedija:Administratori]] [[io:Wikipedia:Administranti]] [[id:Wikipedia:Pengurus]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Administratores]] [[os:Википеди:Админтæ]] [[is:Wikipedia:Stjórnendur]] [[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל מערכת]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರು]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორები]] [[ks:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[kk:Wikipedia:Әкімшілер]] [[sw:Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Koordînasyon]] [[lad:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Magistratus]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Administrācija]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Administratoriai]] [[li:Wikipedia:Systeemwèrkers]] [[lmo:Wikipedia:Aministraduur]] [[hu:Segítség:Adminisztrátorok]] [[mk:Википедија:Администратори]] [[mt:Wikipedija:Amministraturi]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia]] [[na:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[fj:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Moderator]] [[ja:Wikipedia:管理者]] [[nap:Wikipedia:Amministratore]] [[no:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Administratorar]] [[ps:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Administraters]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Administratorzy]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Administratorurya]] [[ru:Википедия:Администраторы]] [[se:Wikipedia:Hálddašeaddjit]] [[sm:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[sa:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Administruesit]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Správcovia]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Administratorji]] [[sr:Википедија:Администратори]] [[su:Wikipedia:Kuncén]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Ylläpitäjät]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Administratörer]] [[tl:Wikipedia:Mga Tagapangasiwa]] [[tt:Wikipedia:İdäräçelär]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ผู้ดูแลระบบ]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Người quản lý]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Yöneticiler]] [[tk:Wikipedia:Yöneticilik Başvurusu]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Адміністратори]] [[vec:Wikipedia:Aministradori]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Manaedjeus]] [[yi:װיקיפּעדיע:Administrators]] [[zh-yue:Wikipedia:管理員]] [[zh:Wikipedia:管理员]] 199 684 2006-10-03T13:15:25Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Rembrandt van rijn-self portrait.jpg|150px|thumb|Self portrait nen Rembrandt]] Sakey ya proficient printmaker si Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (Hulyo 15, 1606 odino 1607– Octubre 4, 1669). [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 200 685 2006-10-03T13:16:21Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Helmut Newton- Andy Warhol.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Andy Warhol, photographed by [[Helmut Newton]].]] Sakey ya Amerikanon avant-garde filmmaker, writer san social figure si Andy Warhol (Augusto 6, 1928 – Pebrero 22, 1987). Nantrabaho met si Warhol ya sakey ya publisher na magazine, music producer san actor. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 201 686 2006-10-03T13:17:25Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Dante alighieri.jpg|right|thumb]] Sakey ya Italian poet si '''Dante Alighieri''' (May/June [[1265]] - [[September 14|September 13/14]], [[1321]]). Say sankasikatan ya insulat to so ''La Divina Comedia'', ya say titulo to ed English: The Divine Comedy]]. Say sankasikatan ya parte na ''La Davina Comedia'' so ''Inferon'', ya aya so itsura na impiyerno para ed si Dante. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[ar:دانتي أليغييري]] [[ast:Dante Alighieri]] [[bn:দান্তে আলিগিয়েরি]] [[bs:Dante Alighieri]] [[bg:Данте Алигиери]] [[ca:Dante Alighieri]] [[cs:Dante Alighieri]] [[da:Dante Alighieri]] [[de:Dante Alighieri]] [[et:Dante Alighieri]] [[el:Δάντης Αλιγκέρι]] [[en:Dante Alighieri]] [[es:Dante Alighieri]] [[eo:Dante Alighieri]] [[eu:Dante Alighieri]] [[fr:Dante Alighieri]] [[ga:Dainté Ailigéirí]] [[gd:Dante Alighieri]] [[gl:Dante Alighieri]] [[ko:단테 알리기에리]] [[hr:Dante Alighieri]] [[id:Dante Alighieri]] [[is:Dante Alighieri]] [[it:Dante Alighieri]] [[he:דנטה אליגיירי]] [[ku:Dante Alighieri]] [[la:Dantes Alagherius]] [[lv:Dante Aligjēri]] [[lt:Dantė]] [[hu:Dante Alighieri]] [[mk:Данте Алигиери]] [[mt:Dante Alighieri]] [[nl:Dante Alighieri]] [[ja:ダンテ・アリギエーリ]] [[no:Dante Alighieri]] [[nn:Dante Alighieri]] [[pl:Dante Alighieri]] [[pt:Dante Alighieri]] [[ro:Dante Alighieri]] [[ru:Данте Алигьери]] [[sq:Dante Aligieri]] [[scn:Danti Alighieri]] [[sk:Dante Alighieri]] [[sl:Dante Alighieri]] [[sr:Данте Алигијери]] [[fi:Dante Alighieri]] [[sv:Dante Alighieri]] [[tl:Dante Alighieri]] [[tr:Dante Alighieri]] [[uk:Данте Аліґ'єрі]] [[zh:但丁]] 202 687 2006-10-03T13:18:22Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Cervates jauregui.jpg|150px|thumb|Portrait nen Cervantes]] Sakey ya Kastilan nobelista, poet san playwright si Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (Septyembre 29, 1547 – Abril 23, 1616). Sankakabatan si Cervantes ed nobela ton Don Quixote de la Mancha, ya ibabaga dan sakey ya sankanayarian ya writing ed Western literature, san sankanayarian ed Salitan Kastila. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 203 688 2006-10-03T13:22:44Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Dostoevsky 1872.jpg|150px|thumb|Portrait ya indrawing nen Vasily Perov nen taon na 1872]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 204 689 2006-10-03T13:23:24Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Grimm.jpg|150px|thumb|Jacob san Wilhelm Grimm nanlapo ed 1855 painting ya inpainting nen Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann. Wadyad kawanan si Jacob]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 205 690 2006-10-03T13:24:16Z Arikasikis 11 Sakey ya writer ya Greek si Homer. Say sankasikatan ton insulat, say [[Illiad]] san [[Odyssey]]. 206 691 2006-10-03T13:29:48Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:JamesJoyce1904.jpg|150px|thumb|Litrato nen James Joyce ya inala na kapara ton estudyante ed University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin ya si Constantine P. Curran nen tiagew na [[1904]].]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 207 692 2006-10-03T13:30:38Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Victor Hugo.jpg|thumb|150px|Victor-Marie Hugo.]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 208 693 2006-10-03T13:31:22Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Kafka_aprox1917_small.jpg|150px|thumb|Litrato nen Franz Kafka nen taon na 1917]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 209 694 2006-10-03T13:32:09Z Arikasikis 11 Sankasikatan ya writer ed buon mundo si William Shakespeare balet say bilay to so balbaleg met ya misteryo. Daiset labat so anta itayo ed nagin bilay to yan henyo. Inianak da ed Stratford-upon-Avon nen Abril 23, 1564. Nanengneng tayo ed rekord na simbaan na Holy Trinity Church ya abinyagan da yan ogaw nen Abril 26, 1564. Nan-aral ed sakey ya libren “grammar school.” Kasompal tonyan anggapo lay anta itayo no anto lay agawa ed bilay to. Say sinmublay ya public rekord to et nen naasawa to si Anne Hathaway nen Nobyiembre 28, 1582. Labinwalo to labat tan si Anne et duwamplo-tan-anemira to la nen nankasal ira. Nen taon ya 1588 nanayam si William diman ed London. Akaanap na trabaho to bilang umaarte o aktor tan managsulat o playwright. Malinew ya baleg so talento to yan balon managsulat. Omman labat lay panag-ibeg da iramay masisiken lan managsulat ed sikato lalo la ya ay si Robert Greene. Intan met la nen nan-trabaho si William ed samay tatawagen ya Lord Chamberlain’s Men (King’s Men). Sikato so sanka-sikatan ya managsulat ed teatro anggan ta nagin sakey ed akanggawa na teatron Globe. Diya to la insulat iramay sikat ton Romeo tan Juliet, Anthony tan Kleopatra, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Hamlet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream tan The Merchant of Venice. Anggapo la siguroy makatalo ed henyo to yan managsulat. Pigaran taon lay apalabas balet anggad natan nababasa tayo ni so insulat to. Anggad natan narerengel tayo ni iramay “To be or not to be,” “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet,” “Lend me your ears,” tan dakel niran arum ya balikas to. Siyopa ed saramay managsulat natan so makatalo ed makapalaram ya henyo to iyay si William Shakespeare? Anggapo la siguro. Saksakey labat so William Shakespeare diya ed mundo. 210 732 2006-10-03T17:40:40Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Johann Sebastian Bach 1746.jpg|thumb|150px|Johann Sebastian Bach nen taon na 1746] Si Johann Sebastian Bach (b. Eisenach, 25 March 1685; d.Leipzig, 28 July 1750) so sankanayarian ya composer nen panaon to. Karanggo to ra Mozart san Beethoven ya higante na history na musica. Abilay nen utit na parte na Baroque period. Nanengneng ed musika nen Bach ya akapan-aral sikato na musikon Italian, French san German. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[af:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[an:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ar:يوهان سباستيان باخ]] [[ast:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ay:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[be:Ёган Бах]] [[bg:Йохан Себастиан Бах]] [[bn:জোহান সেবাস্টিয়ান বাখ]] [[bs:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ca:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[cs:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[cv:Бах Иоганн Себастьян]] [[cy:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[da:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[el:Γιόχαν Σεμπάστιαν Μπαχ]] [[en:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[eo:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[es:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[et:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[eu:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[fa:یوهان سباستین باخ]] [[fi:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[fr:Jean-Sébastien Bach]] [[fy:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ga:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[gd:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[gl:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[he:יוהן סבסטיאן באך]] [[hr:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[hu:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[id:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[io:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[is:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[it:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ja:ヨハン・ゼバスティアン・バッハ]] [[jbo:io'an.zybastian.bax]] [[jv:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ka:ბახი, იოჰან სებასტიან]] [[ko:요한 제바스티안 바흐]] [[ku:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[la:Iohannes Sebastianus Bach]] [[lb:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[li:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[lt:Johanas Sebastianas Bachas]] [[lv:Johans Sebastians Bahs]] [[mk:Јохан Себастијан Бах]] [[ms:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[mt:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[nah:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[nds:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[nl:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[nn:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[no:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[pl:Jan Sebastian Bach]] [[pt:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ro:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ru:Бах, Иоганн Себастьян]] [[scn:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sco:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sh:Johan Sebastijan Bah]] [[simple:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sk:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sl:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sq:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sr:Јохан Себастијан Бах]] [[su:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sv:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sw:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[th:โยฮันน์ เซบาสเทียน บาค]] [[tl:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[tr:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[uk:Бах Йоганн Себастьян]] [[ur:جوہن باخ]] [[vi:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[zh:约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫]] [[zh-yue:巴哈]] 211 696 2006-10-03T13:33:50Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Beatles.jpg|thumb|right|The Beatles nen 1964. Kawigi paulad kawanan: John, Paul, George, Ringo]] Sakey ya popular ya banda so '''The Beatles''' nen 1960s. Saray miembro na banda: [[John Lennon]], [[Paul McCartney]], [[George Harrison]] san [[Ringo Starr]]. Gimmapo so banda ed [[Liverpool]] diad [[England]]. Simmikat ya maong so banda ed entiron mundo, sanka sakey ran sankaimpluensiyaan ed history na music. Si [[Brian Epstein]] so manager da. San si [[George Martin]] si nan-produce na karaklan na album da. === Listaan na Album Da === * ''Please Please Me'' (1963) * ''With the Beatles'' (1963) * ''A Hard Day's Night'' (1964) * ''Beatles for Sale'' (1964) * ''Help!'' (1965) * ''Rubber Soul'' (1965) * ''Revolver'' (1966) * ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' (1967) * ''Magical Mystery Tour'' (1967) (Double EP) * ''The Beatles (White Album)'' (1968) * ''Yellow Submarine'' (1969) * ''Abbey Road'' (1969) * ''Let It Be'' (1970) [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 212 697 2006-10-03T13:35:18Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Beethoven wiki.jpg|thumb|150px|left|[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]]] Sakey ya German ya tagasulat na musika si '''Ludwig van Beethoven'''. Enianak nen 1770 san enatey nen Marso 26, 1827. Say sikat ran ensulat ton musika: fifth san ninth symphonies san say piano piece ya ''[[Für Elise]]''. Nen 1801, atelek si Beethoven. Nen 1817, agapo lay nadengel to. Anggano aga la maka-concert, endirecho toy panag-compose na musika san ed ayan panaon ensulat toy sankanayarian to ran Musika. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] ==External link== *[http://www.lvbeethoven.com/index_En.html English homepage of big Beethoven website] [[ar:لودفيج فان بيتهوفن]] [[an:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ast:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[bn:লুড‌উইগ ভ্যান বেইটোভেন]] [[be:Людвіг ван Бетховен]] [[bs:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[bg:Лудвиг ван Бетховен]] [[ca:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ceb:Beethoven]] [[cs:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[cy:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[da:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[de:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[et:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[el:Λούντβιχ βαν Μπετόβεν]] [[en:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[es:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[eo:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[eu:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[fa:لودویگ وان بتهوون]] [[fr:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[fy:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[gd:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[gl:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ko:루트비히 판 베토벤]] [[hr:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[io:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ilo:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[id:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[is:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[it:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[he:לודוויג ואן בטהובן]] [[jv:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ka:ბეთჰოვენი, ლუდვიგ ვან]] [[la:Ludovicus van Beethoven]] [[lv:Ludvigs van Bēthovens]] [[lt:Liudvikas van Bethovenas]] [[li:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[hu:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[mk:Лудвиг ван Бетовен]] [[mt:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ms:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[nah:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[nl:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ja:ルートヴィヒ・ヴァン・ベートーヴェン]] [[no:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[nn:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[oc:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[pl:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[pt:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ro:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ru:Бетховен, Людвиг ван]] [[war:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sco:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sq:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[scn:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sk:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sl:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sr:Лудвиг ван Бетовен]] [[sh:Ludvig Van Betoven]] [[fi:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sv:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[tl:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[th:ลุดวิก ฟาน เบโทเฟน]] [[vi:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[tr:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[uk:Бетховен Людвіґ ван]] [[zh:贝多芬]] 213 699 2006-10-03T13:37:15Z Arikasikis 11 Sakey ya Austrian ya manag-sulat na musika si '''Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart'''. Eniayak ed siyudad na [[Salzburg]] nen Enero 27, 1756. Akapansulat na 600 ya piyesan musika, ya kaiba so operan (musika ya walay estoria) [[Don Giovanni]] and [[Die Zauberflöte]]. Enatey nen Disyembre 5, 1791, 35 years old ne labat. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] ==External links== *[http://www.mozartproject.org/index.html The Mozart Project] *[http://www.panoramablick.com Mozart livecams] Live pictures of Mozart Birth house, Mozart Monument, Mozart View and so on. [[af:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ar:فولفغانغ أماديوس موتسارت]] [[an:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ast:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[bs:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[bg:Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт]] [[ca:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[cs:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[cy:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[da:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[de:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[et:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[el:Βόλφγκανγκ Αμαντέους Μότσαρτ]] [[en:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[es:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[eo:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[eu:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[fa:ولفگانگ آمادئوس موتزارت]] [[fr:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[fy:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ga:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[gd:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[gl:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ko:볼프강 아마데우스 모차르트]] [[hi:मोटज़ार्ट]] [[hr:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[io:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ilo:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[id:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[is:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[it:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[he:וולפגנג אמדאוס מוצרט]] [[jv:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[kn:ವುಲ್ಫ್‌ಗ್ಯಾಂಗ್ ಅಮೆಡಿಯುಸ್ ಮೊಟ್ಜಾರ್ಟ್]] [[ka:მოცარტი, ვოლფგანგ ამადეუს]] [[kw:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sw:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ku:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[la:Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart]] [[lv:Volfgangs Amadejs Mocarts]] [[lb:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[lt:Volfgangas Amadėjus Mocartas]] [[li:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[jbo:vulfygan.amade,us.motsart]] [[hu:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[mk:Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт]] [[ms:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[nah:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[nl:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ja:ヴォルフガング・アマデウス・モーツァルト]] [[no:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[nn:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[oc:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[nds:Mozart]] [[pl:Wolfgang Amadeusz Mozart]] [[pt:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ro:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ru:Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей]] [[sco:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sq:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[scn:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sk:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sl:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sr:Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт]] [[sh:Volfgang Amadeus Mocart]] [[fi:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sv:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[tl:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ta:வொல்ஃப்கேங்க் அமதியுஸ் மோட்ஸார்ட்]] [[th:โวล์ฟกัง อะมาเดอุส โมซาร์ท]] [[vi:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[tr:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[uk:Моцарт Вольфґанґ Амадей]] [[zh:沃尔夫冈·阿马多伊斯·莫扎特]] 214 700 2006-10-03T13:37:59Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:RoaldAmundsen.JPG|thumb|150px|Roald Amundsen]] Sakey ya Norwegian explorer na saray polar region si '''Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen''' ([[July 16]], 1872; June 18?, 1928). [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 215 701 2006-10-03T13:38:45Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Cartier.png|thumb|150px|right|Portrait nen Jacques Cartier ya inpainting nen Théophile Hamel, ca. 1844. Anggapoy antan contemporary portrait nen Cartier.]] Sakey ya French explorer si '''Jacques Cartier''' (Enianak nen Disyembre 31, 1491 san enatey nen Septiyembre 1, 1557), ya bininyagan ed ngaran na '''Jakez Karter'''. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 216 2859 2006-11-19T17:04:24Z Robbot 23 robot Adding: [[sw:Kristoforo Kolumbus]] Modifying: [[sq:Cristoforo Colombo]], [[th:คริสโตเฟอร์ โคลัมบัส]] [[Image:Face Christopher Columbus.jpg|thumb|150px|Painting na itsura Christopher Columbus ya ginawa nen Alejo Fernández.]] Sakey ya explorer san trader si Christopher Columbus (1451 anggad Mayo 20, 1506). Abaliw toy Atlantic Ocean san akasabi ed Amerika nen Octubre 12, 1492. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[af:Christophorus Columbus]] [[an:Cristofo Colombo]] [[ar:كريستوفر كولومبوس]] [[ast:Cristóbal Colón]] [[az:Xristofor Kolumb]] [[be:Хрыстафор Калумб]] [[bg:Христофор Колумб]] [[bn:ক্রিস্টোফার কলম্বাস]] [[br:Kristol Goulm]] [[bs:Kristofor Kolumbo]] [[ca:Cristòfor Colom]] [[cs:Kryštof Kolumbus]] [[cy:Christopher Columbus]] [[da:Christoffer Columbus]] [[de:Christoph Kolumbus]] [[el:Χριστόφορος Κολόμβος]] [[en:Christopher Columbus]] [[eo:Kristoforo Kolumbo]] [[es:Cristóbal Colón]] [[et:Christoph Kolumbus]] [[eu:Kristobal Kolon]] [[fa:کریستف کلمب]] [[fi:Kristoffer Kolumbus]] [[fr:Christophe Colomb]] [[ga:Criostóir Colambas]] [[gd:Cristoforo Colombo]] [[gl:Cristovo Colón]] [[he:כריסטופר קולומבוס]] [[hr:Kristofor Kolumbo]] [[hu:Kolumbusz Kristóf]] [[id:Christopher Columbus]] [[io:Cristoforo Colombo]] [[is:Kristófer Kólumbus]] [[it:Cristoforo Colombo]] [[ja:クリストファー・コロンブス]] [[ka:კოლუმბი, ქრისტეფორე]] [[ko:크리스토퍼 콜럼버스]] [[ksh:Christoph Kolumbus]] [[la:Christophorus Columbus]] [[lt:Kristupas Kolumbas]] [[lv:Kristofors Kolumbs]] [[mk:Кристофер Колумбо]] [[ms:Christopher Columbus]] [[nah:Cristóbal Colón]] [[nds:Christoph Kolumbus]] [[nl:Christoffel Columbus]] [[nn:Christofer Columbus]] [[no:Christofer Columbus]] [[oc:Cristòl Colomb]] [[pl:Krzysztof Kolumb]] [[pt:Cristóvão Colombo]] [[ro:Cristofor Columb]] [[ru:Колумб, Христофор]] [[scn:Cristòfuru Culommu]] [[sco:Christopher Columbus]] [[sh:Kristofor Kolumbo]] [[simple:Christopher Columbus]] [[sk:Krištof Kolumbus]] [[sl:Krištof Kolumb]] [[sq:Cristoforo Colombo]] [[sr:Кристифор Колумбо]] [[sv:Christofer Columbus]] [[sw:Kristoforo Kolumbus]] [[ta:கொலம்பஸ்]] [[tg:Христофор Колумб]] [[th:คริสโตเฟอร์ โคลัมบัส]] [[tl:Christopher Columbus]] [[tr:Kristof Kolomb]] [[uk:Колумб Христофор]] [[vi:Cristoforo Colombo]] [[yi:קאלאמבוס]] [[zh:克里斯托弗·哥伦布]] [[zh-yue:哥倫布]] 217 703 2006-10-03T13:40:15Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Cortes-Hernando-LOC.jpg|thumb|150px|Hernán Cortés]] Sakey ya conquistador si Hernán(do) Cortés, marqués del Valle de Oaxaca (1485–December 2, 1547). Sikato so nan-sakop na Mexico para ed Espanya. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 218 704 2006-10-03T13:41:02Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:FrancisDrake.jpg|framed|Francis Drake.]] Sakey ya English navigator, politiko, san raider si Francis Drake (1540 anggad Enero 28, 1596). Sikato so sankaonaan ya captain ya atelek toy mundo (si Magellan komon balet enatey balo to asumpal so biyahe to). [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 219 705 2006-10-03T13:41:47Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Vasco da Gama.jpg|thumb|Vasco da Gama]] Sakey ya Portuguese explorer si Vasco de Gama (enianak nen 1469 diad Siner odino Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal san enatey nen Disyembre 24, 1524 diad Kochi, India), san sikato so unaan ya toon nan baloto manlapod Europe anggad India. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 220 706 2006-10-03T13:42:34Z Arikasikis 11 Sakey ya Italian trader san explorer si '''Marco Polo''' (1254 - Enero 8, 1324). Akaula si Marco Polo, kaiba toy pamilya to, ed Mongolia, ya diad panaon ya aman nansakop ed China. Simmikat si Marco Polo ed Europe, lapor say estoria to duma san interesting. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[ar:ماركو بولو]] [[ast:Marco Polo]] [[br:Marco Polo]] [[bg:Марко Поло]] [[ca:Marco Polo]] [[cs:Marco Polo]] [[cy:Marco Polo]] [[da:Marco Polo]] [[de:Marco Polo]] [[el:Μάρκο Πόλο]] [[en:Marco Polo]] [[es:Marco Polo]] [[eo:Marko Polo]] [[eu:Marco Polo]] [[fr:Marco Polo]] [[ga:Marco Polo]] [[gd:Marco Polo]] [[gl:Marco Polo]] [[hr:Marko Polo]] [[io:Marco Polo]] [[id:Marco Polo]] [[it:Marco Polo]] [[he:מרקו פולו]] [[jv:Marco Polo]] [[la:Marcus Paulus Venetus]] [[lt:Markas Polas]] [[hu:Marco Polo]] [[mk:Марко Поло]] [[ms:Marco Polo]] [[nl:Marco Polo]] [[ja:マルコ・ポーロ]] [[no:Marco Polo]] [[nn:Marco Polo]] [[pl:Marco Polo]] [[pt:Marco Polo]] [[ro:Marco Polo]] [[ru:Поло, Марко]] [[sco:Marco Polo]] [[sq:Marco Polo]] [[scn:Marcu Polu]] [[sk:Marco Polo]] [[sl:Marco Polo]] [[sr:Марко Поло]] [[sh:Marko Polo]] [[fi:Marco Polo]] [[sv:Marco Polo]] [[tl:Marco Polo]] [[ta:மார்கோ போலோ]] [[th:มาร์โก โปโล]] [[vi:Marco Polo]] [[tr:Marko Polo]] [[uk:Поло Марко]] [[zh:马可·波罗]] 221 708 2006-10-03T13:43:43Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|150px|thumb|Sir Isaac Newton diad portrait ya ginawa nen Godfrey Kneller nen 1689]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 222 709 2006-10-03T13:44:37Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:St-thomas-aquinas.jpg|150px|thumb|Depiction nen Carlo Crivelli]] Sakey ya Italyano san Romano Katoliko ya philosopher si '''Saint Thomas Aquinas''' ['''Thomas of Aquin''', '''Aquino''', odino '''Santo Tomas Aquino'''] (enianak nen 1225 san enatey nen March 7, 1274). Lapor ed saray ensulat to, akabat ya '''Doctor Angelicus, Doctor Universalis'''. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 223 710 2006-10-03T13:45:31Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Aristoteles Louvre.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Aristotle, [[marble]] copy na [[bronze]] nen [[Lysippos]]. [[Louvre Museum]].]] '''Aristotle''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] Αριστοτέλης Aristotel&#x0113;s) (enianak [[384 BC]] diad [[Stagira]], ed [[Macedonia]], Greece; enatey [[Marso 7]], [[322 BC]] diad [[Chalicis]], [[Euboea]], Greece), sakey ya daan ya Greece|Greek]] [[philosopher]]. Para ed dakel ran totoo, sikato san si [[Plato]], so sankaimportantean ya philosopher ed kanunotan na West. Wala ray mangibabaga ya akapansulat si Aristotle na 150 libro ed Philosophy. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] 224 711 2006-10-03T13:46:12Z Arikasikis 11 Sakey ya Pilosopon Aleman si Friedrich Nietzsche ya inianak da nen Oktubre 15, 1844 ed Röcken bei Lützen asinger ed lugar na Leipzig. Baleg so pananisia to ed importansiya’s bilay na too tan iramay reyalidad tonya. Anggapoy pikabat to ed saray doktrina ya anggapoy usar to ed reyalidad tonya’y bilay tayo diya ed mundo. “Existentialist” so tawag da ed onyan pananisia nen Nietzsche. 225 714 2006-10-03T13:53:35Z Arikasikis 11 Say '''United States na America''', ya kabat met ya '''United States''', '''U.S.''', '''U.S.A''', '''States''', odino '''America''', sakey ya [[bansa]] diad [[North America]]. Kabay na United States, ya sakey ya [[republikan federal]], so bansan [[Canada]] san [[Mexico]]. Sa sakey side do wadyad [[Atlantic Ocean]] san sakey side to wadyad [[Pacific Ocean]]. Say Capital na U.S., naanap ed [[Washington, D.C.]]. 226 719 2006-10-03T14:07:11Z Arikasikis 11 Kabat ran Architect [[Locsin]] [[Gaudi]] 228 733 2006-10-03T17:42:53Z Arikasikis 11 [[ar:نيكولاس كوبرنيكوس]] [[bg:Николай Коперник]] [[bn:নিকলাস কপারনিকাস]] [[bs:Nikola Kopernik]] [[ca:Nicolau Copèrnic]] [[co:Nicolò Copernico]] [[cs:Mikuláš Koperník]] [[da:Nicolaus Kopernikus]] [[el:Κοπέρνικος]] [[en:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[eo:Koperniko]] [[es:Nicolás Copérnico]] [[et:Mikołaj Kopernik]] [[eu:Nikolas Koperniko]] [[fa:نیکلاس کوپرنیک]] [[fi:Nikolaus Kopernikus]] [[fr:Nicolas Copernic]] [[fy:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[gl:Nicolás Copérnico]] [[he:ניקולאוס קופרניקוס]] [[hr:Nikola Kopernik]] [[hu:Nikolaus Kopernikusz]] [[id:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[is:Nikulás Kópernikus]] [[it:Nicolò Copernico]] [[ja:ニコラウス・コペルニクス]] [[ko:니콜라우스 코페르니쿠스]] [[la:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[lb:Nikolaus Kopernikus]] [[lij:Nicolò Copernico]] [[lt:Mikalojus Kopernikas]] [[nds:Nikolaus Kopernikus]] [[nds-nl:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[nl:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[no:Nikolaus Kopernicus]] [[pl:Mikołaj Kopernik]] [[pt:Nicolau Copérnico]] [[ro:Nicolaus Copernic]] [[ru:Коперник, Николай]] [[sc:Nicolò Copernico]] [[scn:Nicculò Cupèrnicu]] [[sco:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[sh:Nikola Kopernik]] [[simple:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[sk:Mikuláš Kopernik]] [[sl:Nikolaj Kopernik]] [[sq:Nikolaus Kopernikus]] [[sr:Никола Коперник]] [[sv:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[ta:நிக்கோலாஸ் கோப்பர்னிக்கஸ்]] [[th:นิโคเลาส์ โคเปอร์นิคัส]] [[tl:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[tr:Mikolaj Kopernik]] [[uk:Коперник Микола]] [[vi:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[zh:尼古拉·哥白尼]] 229 2864 2006-11-21T07:16:19Z 202.71.92.74 Bilang na numero <br> 1 - sakey <br> 2 - dwara <br> 3 - talora <br> 4 - apatera <br> 5 - limara <br> 6 - animmira <br> 7 - pitora <br> 8 - walora <br> 9 - siammera <br> 10 - samplora <br> 11 - labinsakey <br> 12 - labindwa <br> 13 - labintalo <br> 14 - labin-apat <br> 15 - labinlima <br> 16 - labin-anem <br> 17 - labinpito <br> 18 - labinwalo <br> 19 - labinsiam <br> 20 - dwamplo <br> 21 - dwamplo san sakey <br> 22 - dwamplo san dwa <br> 30 - talomplo <br> 40 - apataplo <br> 50 - limamplo <br> 60 - anemaplo <br> 70 - pitomplo <br> 80 - walomplo <br> 90 - siamaplo <br> 100 - sanlasus <br> 101 - sanlasus san sakey <br> 102 - sanlasus san dwa <br> 200 - dwanlasus <br> 300 - talonlasus <br> 400 - apatyalasus <br> 500 - limamlasus <br> 600 - anemyalasus <br> 700 - pitonlasus <br> 800 - walonlasus <br> 900 - siamyalasus <br> 1000 - sanlibo <br> 1,000,000 - sanlaksa <br> 230 1070 2006-10-14T18:31:30Z Arikasikis 11 Ama mi a wala ed tawen, <br> nagalang so ngaran Mo, <br> onsabiy panarian Mo, <br> onorey linawam, <br> diad dalin a onung ed tawen.<br> Say kanen min inagew-agew, <br> iter mo ed sikami ed agew aya. <br> Paandian Mo ray kasalanan mi, <br> onung na panamaandi miy kasalanan <br> day akapankasalanan ed sikami; <br> tan ag mo kami iter ya <br> onabuloy ed tukso, <br> ilaban Mo kami ingen ed mauges.<br> [[als:Vaterunser]] [[ang:Fæder ūre]] [[roa-rup:Tată a nostru]] [[be:Ойча наш]] [[ca:Parenostre]] [[cs:Otčenáš]] [[da:Fader vor]] [[de:Vaterunser]] [[et:Meieisapalve]] [[el:Κυριακή προσευχή]] [[es:Padrenuestro]] [[eo:Patro Nia]] [[fi:Isä meidän]] [[fo:Faðir vár]] [[fr:Notre Père]] [[fur:Pari Nestri]] [[gd:Urnaigh an Tighearna]] [[gl:Noso Pai]] [[got:𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂]] [[ko:주기도문]] [[hi:विनय से स्वामी]] [[hsb:Wótčenaš]] [[io:Patro nia]] [[id:Bapa Kami]] [[is:Faðir vor]] [[it:Padre Nostro]] [[jv:Kanjeng Rama]] [[kw:Pader]] [[ku:Bavê me]] [[la:Pater noster]] [[lt:Tėve mūsų]] [[hu:Miatyánk]] [[mk:Оче наш]] [[mi:Inoi a te Ariki]] [[my:Lord's Prayer]] [[nah:Totatzine in ilhuicac]] [[fj:Na Masu]] [[nl:Onzevader]] [[nds-nl:Onzevaor]] [[ja:主の祈り]] [[no:Fader vår]] [[nds:Vadderunser]] [[pl:Ojcze nasz]] [[pt:Pai Nosso]] [[ro:Rugăciunea domnească]] [[ru:Отче Наш]] [[sm:Tatalo o le Alii]] [[st:Lord's Prayer]] [[sq:Ati yne]] [[sl:Očenaš]] [[sv:Herrens bön]] [[tl:Ama Namin]] [[ta:கிறிஸ்து கற்பித்த செபம்]] [[th:การอธิษฐานของศาสนาคริสต์]] [[chr:ᎣᎩᏙᏓ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎮᎯ]] [[uk:Отче наш]] [[vo:Pleked Söla]] [[fiu-vro:Mi Esä]] [[zh:主禱文]] [[bat-smg:Tėve Mūsų]] [[hr:Oče naš]] 231 1069 2006-10-14T18:28:37Z Arikasikis 11 Ave Maria, napno ka’y grasya. <br> Say Katawan so wala ed sika. <br> Bendita kad biin amin tan <br> bendito so bungay eges mon si Jesus. Santa Maria, Inay Dios, <br> pikasi mo kami ya managkasalanan, <br> natan tan naani ed oras na ipatey mi. <br> Amen. [[ceb:Maghimaya ka Maria]] [[de:Ave Maria]] [[mh:Io̧kwe eok Maria]] [[es:Ave María]] [[eo:Ave Maria]] [[fr:Je vous salue Marie]] [[id:Salam Maria]] [[it:Ave Maria]] [[he:אווה מריה]] [[la:Ave Maria]] [[li:Weesgegroetje]] [[hu:Üdvözlégy]] [[na:A kamawireij uw Maria]] [[nl:Weesgegroet]] [[ja:アヴェ・マリア]] [[no:Hill deg, Maria]] [[pl:Zdrowaś Maryjo]] [[pt:Ave Maria]] [[ksh:Ave Maria]] [[ru:Аве Мария]] [[sk:Zdravas Mária]] [[fi:Ave Maria]] [[sv:Ave Maria]] [[tl:Aba Ginoong Maria]] [[uk:Богородице Діво]] [[zh:瑪利亞]] 232 1072 2006-10-14T18:34:16Z Arikasikis 11 Nagalang so Dios Ama, <br> Dios Anak tan Dios Espiritu Santo. <br> Unong ed gapo, <br> natan tan lawas ed ando lan ando. <br> Amen. [[en:Glory Be]] [[fr:Gloire au Père]] [[it:Gloria al Padre]] [[pl:Chwała Ojcu]] [[sk:Sláva Otcu]] 233 740 2006-10-03T21:46:33Z Arikasikis 11 Nagalang so Dios ed sankatageyan tan diad dalin kareenan ed saray totoon maong ya inpanlinawa. Idayew mi Ka. Itandoro mi Ka. Dakmomoan mi Ka. Igalang mi ka. Misalamat kamid Sika, lapud matalonan galang Mo. O Dios a Katawan, mangatatawen ya Ari, Dios Aman makapanyarin amin. O Jesucriston Katawan, bogbogtong ya Anak. O Dios a Katawan, Corderoy Dios, Anak na Ama, ya mamaandi kasalanany talba, kasian Mo kami. Sika ya mamaandi kasalanany talba, kasian Mo kami. Sika ya mamaandi kasalanay talba, akom pa ray pikakasi mi. Sika a manyorong ed kawanay Ama, kasian Mo kami. Ta Sikan bokor so masanto, Sikan bokor so Katawan, Sikan bokor so sankatageyan, O Jesucristo, a katekep Moy Espiritu Santo, ed galang na Dios Ama. Amen. 234 741 2006-10-03T21:46:54Z Arikasikis 11 Manisia ak ed Dios a makapanyarin amin, manamalsay tawen tan dalin. Manisia ak ed Hesukriston Anak Ton bogtong, a Katawan tayo. Tinmoo ed gaway Espiritu Santo tan inyanak nen Virgen Maria. Inpapairap nen Poncio Pilato, inpasak ed Krus, inatey tan inkotkot. Inmakseb ed saray inatey. Diad komatlon agueo inmolin binmilay. Tinmokotok ed taoen tan manyorong ed kawanay Ama. Onla dia lamet a mangokom ed saray mabilay tan inatey. Manisia ak ed Espiritu Santo. Sisiaen ko met so Santa Iglesia Katolika, say pannanabangan day sasantos, say panamaandiy kasalanan, say kiolid bilay na laman, tan say bilay ya ag naandi. Amen. 235 1325 2006-10-18T09:20:33Z 130.54.12.247 Jesus a Dios tan Ari mi <br> Aguin manangilaban <br> Say dayew tan salamat mi <br> Isaklang mi ra natan. <br> Nanarian moy inlaknab mod <br> Kabansaay inerman <br> Diad sikatoy pakalmoan mi <br> Bilay tan kilalaban. <br> Sika tan diad simbaan mo <br> Bilay mi inispan mi <br> Anggad diad tawen say liket <br> So lawas ibelyaw mi.<br> 236 744 2006-10-03T21:53:16Z Arikasikis 11 Ondakmomo itayon Mangigalang ed Jesus O itilan ondagon Manpikasi ed mablin Dios. Koro: O Jesus a Katawan mi, ipelag moy panangasim. O Jesus a Katawan mi, ipelag moy panangasim. Diad amin ya segsegang Si Jesus maabagey No ngaran toy tawagen, Denglen toy ami’y ey-ey. 237 745 2006-10-03T21:53:51Z Arikasikis 11 Galin amin agagi, ya mangigalang ed Dios Liket kumoy pantiponan. Galin amin agagi. Puso tayoy lukasan, puso tayoy isaklang Ed maaro ya Katawan. Galin amin agagi. Say Dios natan kantaan, say Dios natan igalang Liket kumoy pantiponan. Galin amin agagi. 238 746 2006-10-03T21:54:22Z Arikasikis 11 Hesus ya Dios tan Ari mi Aguin Manangilaban Say dayew tan salamat mi, Isaklang mi ra natan. Nanarian moy inlaknab Mod Kabansaay inerman. Diad Sikatoy pakalmoan miy Bilay tan kilalaban Sika tan diad Simbaan mi Bilay mi isipan mi Anggad diad tawen say liket So lawas ibelyaw mi. 239 747 2006-10-03T21:54:51Z Arikasikis 11 Maaron Jesus, sobul na panangasi Sikay bilay tan aro min amin. Akom payay lawas mogmon kerew mi Tan aagmo pa komon ikaindan. KORO: Puson maaro, gawam pay puso mi Ya maolibay ed satay simpit mo. Oyla komon ta lawas maoyamo So puso min manlingkor ed Sika Tan diad nanarian mon andi angga Liket tan aro so itumang Mo. 240 748 2006-10-03T21:55:26Z Arikasikis 11 Jesus pirdonaen mo ak, tan nakasalanan ak Ag Mo ak pa paulian ya makasian ed dalan Siak la so manbabawi ed inpakasalanan ko, Jesus, pirdonaen mo ak, nakasalanan ak. Jesus pirdonaen Mo ak ta nanakasalanan ak, Ed kaparak ya too, kabosul tan kakaaro. Siak la so manbabawi ed inpanksalanan ko, Jesus, pirdonaen Mo ak, nankasalanan ak. Jesus pirdona en Mo ak, ta nanakasalnan ak. Agwat Mo ak pad irap, laman tan kamarewak. Siak la so manbabawi ed inpankasalanan ko, Jesus, pirdonaen Mo ak, nankasalanan ak. 241 750 2006-10-03T21:56:48Z Arikasikis 11 Galin amin agagi, ya mangigalang ed Dios Liket kumoy pantiponan. Galin amin agagi. Puso tayoy lukasan, puso tayoy isaklang Ed maaro ya Katawan. Galin amin agagi. Say Dios natan kantaan, say Dios natan igalang Liket kumoy pantiponan. Galin amin agagi. 242 751 2006-10-03T21:57:13Z Arikasikis 11 Hesus ya Dios tan Ari mi Aguin Manangilaban Say dayew tan salamat mi, Isaklang mi ra natan. Nanarian moy inlaknab Mod Kabansaay inerman. Diad Sikatoy pakalmoan miy Bilay tan kilalaban Sika tan diad Simbaan mi Bilay mi isipan mi Anggad diad tawen say liket So lawas ibelyaw mi. 243 752 2006-10-03T21:57:41Z Arikasikis 11 O Arin manamalsa, Sikay igalang mi Say bagat min pinalsa, nia isaklang mi Komon ta sayan bagat, sikay napaliket Tan kasalanay talba, perdonaen mo met. Laman Mo insaklang Mo, Dalam interter Mo. Ta pian say kasalanan, jesus paandien Mo Onung ya nunoten mi, so impatey mod krus Bilay mi isaklang min ami’d Sika Jesus. 244 753 2006-10-03T21:58:09Z Arikasikis 11 Awaten moy mabilay, ya dios kon mamaliket. Awaten moy mabilay, ya dios kon mamaliket. Inkuanto: tinapay Ak ya amolin mamabilay Say minabang ya akoen to ak Agto takotay patey. Awaten… Inkuanto: Siak so dalan. Say Amak labay to ka Tan sikay isempet ko Pian sakey kayo lamet. Inkuanto: katuaan ak. Et no siak so sisiaen Siak so tuan naamtaan, Tan salitak so okbor mo. Inkuanto: siak so Bilay, A sengeg na itubo Awaten mo yan Laman Naamtaan moy Espirituk. 245 754 2006-10-03T21:58:35Z Arikasikis 11 Adios O Reinay tawen Inan ar-aroen Marian mapagalang Sikay pataniran. Adios Inan malagak Ina na Dios anak Esposan mapararo Na Espiritu Santo. Adios gayagay tawen Ligliway maermen Salimbeng day makabos Adios, Adios, Adios. 246 755 2006-10-03T21:59:00Z Arikasikis 11 Misalamt kami Ama Ed ianwat ni a gracia Biskeg na pananisia Panangaro, panagserbi. KORO; Paakseb Noy bendision Mo. Ed sikami ya Anak Mo Ya misalamat ed Sika Ya andi angga. 247 756 2006-10-03T21:59:27Z Arikasikis 11 Refrain: O Maria, O ligliwa tan Ina ya maaro Tulongan mo ak, idalan mo ak Ya onarap ed tawen. Saray dayew mo, Maria Diad mundo ipalapag Say ngaran mon mapagalang Bitlaen kon maranay. O Maria… Diad amin a kaatapan Tan tukso na demonyo Ampayam so kamareruak Pian lawas natalo. O Maria.. Sikay mananulong mi; Sikay panilaloan. Diad bilay tan diad patey Ag mo kami paolian. O Maria… 248 757 2006-10-03T22:03:22Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Panuntunan na Misa]] * [[Rito na Panpuyok na Santa Lana ed say Mansasakit]] 249 758 2006-10-03T22:04:18Z Arikasikis 11 RITO NA PANAGPARAAN SAY ILOOB (alagey) (Kanta ed iloob) P: Diad ngaray Ama tan Anak tan Espiritu Santo. K: Amen. P: Say gracia na Katawan tayon Hesucristo, tan say aro na Dios, tan say pikakasakey na Espiritu Santo so wala komun ed sikayon amin. K: Ontan met ed sika. PANAGSIBKEL P: Agagik ira, pian niparaan tayoy inkasikatayo a manumpal na saray masantos a misterio, nunoten tayo ray kasalanan tayo. (man-ulimek tan man-umameng) A: Mankonfesar ak ed Dios a makapanyarin amin, tan diad sikayon agagik ta nankasalanan ak ed nunot ko, salitak, gawak tan liwat ko. (patokey pagew) Kanian mikasi ak ed Santa Marian lawas Virgen, amin day angeles tan sasantos tan diad sikayon agagik, ta pikasi yo ak ed Dios a Katawan tayo. P: Kasian itayo komuy Dios a makapanyarin amin, paandien To ray kasalanan tayo, tan iyakar To itayod maandon bilay. K: Amen. KYRIE (Ikanta odino isalita) P: Katawan, mangasi Ka. K: Katawan, mangasi Ka. P: Kristo, mangasi Ka. K: Kristo, mangasi Ka. P: Katawan, mangasi Ka. K: Katawan, mangasi Ka. GLORIA (Ikanta odino isalita) A: Nagalang so Dios ed sankatageyan, tan diad dalin kareenan ed saray totoon maong ya inpanlinawa. Idayew mi Ka. Itandoro mi Ka. Dakmomoan mi Ka. Igalang mi Ka. Misalamat kamid Sika, lapud matalonan galang Mo. O Dios a Katawan, mangatatawen ya Ari, Dios Aman makapanyarin amin. O Hesukriston Katawan, bogbogtong ya Anak , O Dios a Katawan, Korderoy Dios, Anak na Ama, ya manamaandi kasalanay talba, kasian Mo kami. Sika ya manamaandi kasalanay talba, akom pa ray pikakasi mi. Sika a manyorong ed kawanay Ama, kasian Mo kami. Ta Sikan bokor so masanto, Sikan bokor so Katawan, Sikan bokor so sankatageyan, Hesucristo, a katekep Moy Espiritu Santo, ed galang na Dios Ama. Amen. P: Mikasi tayo…. K: Amen. LITURGIA NA SALITAY KATAWAN UNONAN BABASAEN (yorong) (panbasa ed Masanton Eskriptura) L: Saya so salitay Katawan. K: Salamat ed Dios. KUMADWAN BABASAEN (panbasa ed Masanton Eskriptura) L: Saya so salitay Katawan. K: Salamat ed Dios. ALLELUYA (Ikanta odino isalita ) (alagey) Ibanghilyo P: Say Katawan so wala komun ed sikayo. K: Ontan met ed Sika. P: Babasaen ya inaon ed masanton Ibanghilyo onung ed... K: Nagalang Ka Katawan. (+) P: Saya so Ibanghilyo na Katawan. K: Narayew Ka, Katawan a Hesukristo. PALIWAWA(SERMON) (yorong) PANGIBELIAW NA PANANISIA A: Manisia ak ed Dios a makapanyarin amin, manamalsay tawen tan dalin. Manisia ak ed Hesukriston Anak Ton bogtong, a Katawan tayo. Tinmoo ed gaway Espiritu Santo tan inyanak nen Virgen Maria. Inpapairap nen Poncio Pilato, inpasak ed Krus, inatey tan inkotkot. Inmakseb ed saray inatey. Diad komatlon agueo inmolin binmilay. Tinmokotok ed taoen tan manyorong ed kawanay Ama. Onla dia lamet a mangokom ed saray mabilay tan inatey. Manisia ak ed Espiritu Santo. Sisiaen ko met so Santa Iglesia Katolika, say pannanabangan day sasantos, say panamaandiy kasalanan, say kiolid bilay na laman, tan say bilay ya ag naandi. Amen. LAPAG A PIKAKASI LITURGIA NA EUCARISTIA PANANGISAKLANG (yorong) P: Nagalang Ka, Katawan…………. pian mgamaliw ed sikami a tinapay na bilay. K: Nagalang so Dios ed ando lan ando. P: Nagalang Ka, Katawan…. ….pian magmaliw ya inumen ya onkanad kamarerua mi. K: Nagalang so Dios ed ando lan ando. (Mandasal so pari tan manuras na lima to) P: Mikasi tayo, agagik, pian sayan bagat tayo et onkanan akoen na Dios Aman makapanyarin amin. K: Akoen komun na Katawan so bagat a manlapud saray limam a pangirayew tan pangigalang ed ngaran To, yo onkana met ed kaabigan tayo, tan kaabigan na lapag ya Iglesia To. DASAL ED BAGAT (alagey) P: … ……….nen Hesukriston Katawan tayo. K: Amen. DASAL NA PISASALAMAT P: Say Katawan so wala komun ed sikayo. K: Ontan met ed sika. P: Itangwa yo ray kapusoan yo. K: Intangwa mi la rad Katawan. P: Misalamat tayod Dios a Katawan tayo. K: Matunong so misalamat tan mangirayew ed Sikato. P: Ama……………………….. PANANGITANDURO (ikanta odino isalita) A: Santo, Santo, Santon Katawan; Dios a makapanyarin amin. Napnoy tawen tan dalin na galang Mo. Hosana ed sankatageyan. Nagalang so onsabid ngaray Katawan. Hosana ed Sankatageyan. (talimokor) P: Katawan a Hesukristo,…………..Gawa yo ya a pakanunnunutan ed Siak. P: Ibeliaw tayo so misterio na pananisia: A: Inatey si Kristo Inmolid bilay si Kristo Onpawil dia si Kristo. (odino) Lapud inpatey Mo, tinalo mi patey Lapud inkiolim, ilaloan mi onulid bilay Katawan a Hesus, onakseb Kan magalang. (odino) No kanen mi yan tinapay tan oninum kami ed sayan kupa, ibeliaw mi inpatey Mo anggad onakseb Kan magalang. (odino) Katawan, lapud Krus Mo tan inkiolim, inlaban Mo kami. Sika so Manangilaban na talba. P: …………..Lapud si Kristo, diad si Kristo, a katekep Toy Espiritu Santo, amin a galang tan dayew so niiter ed Sika makapanyarin Ama, Dios ed ando lan ando. K: Amen. (Ikanta o isalita) RITO NA KOMUNION (alagey) SAY DASAL NA KATAWAN TAYO P: Onung ed bilin tan bangat na Katawan dasalen tayon sitatalek so “Ama Mi” A: Ama mi a wala ed tawen, nagalang so ngaran Mo. Onsabid sikami panarian Mo, onorey linawam diad dalin a onung ed tawen. Say kanen min inagew-agew, iter mod sikamid agew aya. Tan pandien Mo ray utang mi, onung na panamaandi mi ed saray akautang ed sikami. Tan ag mo kami iter ya onabuloy ed tukso. Ilaban Mo kami ingen ed mauges. P: Ilaban Mo kami Katawan ……………… .ed isabi na Manangilaban min Hesukristo. K: Ta kayarian Mo so panarian, pakapanyari tan galang ed ando lan ando. TANDAY KAREENAN P: Katawan a Hesukristo………………….. a diman Ka manayam ed ando lan ando. K: Amen. P: Say kareenan na Katawan so walad sikayo komun lawas. K: Ontan met ed sika. P: Maniiteran itayoy tanday kareenan. PAMISAG NA TINAPAY A: Korderoy Dios ya manamaandi kasalanay mundo, kasian Mo kami. Korderoy Dios ya manamaandi kasalanay mundo, kasian Mo kami. Korderoy Dios ya manamaandi kasalanay mundo, itdan Mo kami kareeenan. KOMUNION (talimokor) P: Nia so Corderoy Dios ya manamaandi kasalanay mundo, mapalar iray atawag ed pandem To. K: Katawan ag ak onkanan mangakod Sika, balet diad sakey labat lan salitam onabig ak. DASAL KAYARI KOMUNION (alagey) P: Mikasi itayo….. K: Amen. RITO NA PANGISAMPUT (alagey) P: Say Katawan so wala komun ed sikayo. K: Ontan met ed sika. P: Bendicionan kayo komuy Dios a makapanyarin amin: Say Ama, tan say Anak (+) tan say Espiritu Santo. K: Amen. P: Asumpal lay Misa, milay kareenan nen Kristo. K: Salamat ed Dios. (Kantad pangisamput) 250 759 2006-10-03T22:05:49Z Arikasikis 11 INTRODUCTORY RITES Greeting Pari: Say grasya na Katawan tayon Jesukristo tan say aro na Dios tan say pikakasakey na Espirito Santo so wala ed sikayon amin. Karaklan: Ontan met ed sika. If communion is to take place during the rite, the priest then places the Blessed Sacrament on the table, and all join in adoration. SPRINKLING WITH HOLY WATER If it seems desirable, the priest may sprinkle the sick person and those present with holy water. Sayan danum komon so mangipanunot na binyag tayo ed Cristo, ya lapud say inpatey tan say inkiolid bilay To, inlaban To itayo. Odino, Say Katawan so Managpastol tayo, tan Sikatoy mangantabay ed sikatayo ed ilog na mabilay ya danum. Instruction Kakaarok ira, wadia tayon mantitipon ed ngaran na Katawan tayon Jesucristo ya wadiay kiwawala to ed kapegleyan tayo. Unong ed say Ibanghilyo, saray mansasakit so linma ed Sikato ya manpatambal; inararo To itayon maong kanian Sikatoy inatey para sikatayo. Onung ed si Santiago, ya Apostol, ingangan na Katawan so onya: “Wala ed sikayo so mansasakit? Manpatawag iray papari na Simbaan, tan sikaray papuyokan ed papari na lana lapud ngaran na Katawan; tan say pikakasi a katekep toy pananisia so mangilaban ed sarayan mansasakit, tan pabiskegen ira na Katawan; tan no sikaray walay kasalanan, naperdona irayan kasalanan.” Manpikasi tayo sirin ed si N. ya agi tayon mansasakit pian say grasya tan biskeg nen Cristo so mangilaban tan mamabiskeg ed sikato. PENITENTIAL RITE The priest invites the sick person and all present to join in the penitential rite, using these or similar words. Agagik ira, pian niparaan tayoy inkasikatayo ed sayan Masanton Panagpuyok na Lana, nunuten tayo ray kasalanan tayo. All say: A. Mankompisar ak ed Dios a makapanyarin amin, tan diad sikayon agagik, ta nankasalan ak ed nunot ko, salitak, gawak tan diad liwat ko. Kanian mikasi ak ed Santa Marian Birhen, amin daray angel tan sasanto tan diad sikayo ran agagik, ta pikasi yo ak ed Dios a Katawan tayo. B. Katawan a Jesus, Sika so managtambal na mansasakit: Katawan, mangasika. K. Katawan, mangasika. Katawan a Jesus, piperdonaen Mo ray managkasalanan: Kristo, mangasika. K. Kristo, mangasika. Katawan a Jesus, inter Moy inkasika ed sikami pian tambalen tan itdan Mo kami biskeg: Katawan, mangasika. K. Katawan, mangasika. Kasian tayo komon na makapanyarin amin a Dios, perdonaen To itayo ed saray kasalanan tayo, tan awiten To itayo ed maandon bilay. LITURGY OF THE WORD Say babasaen ya inaon ed Masanton Ibangahilyo onung ed Mateo (11:25-30) Inkuanen Jesus ed satan, “Misalamat ak ed sika, Ama, Katawan na tawen tan dalin, ta inyamut mo ra yan bengatla ed saray makabat tan makatalus, tan impaamtam ed saray totoon mapaabeba singa saray ogogaw. On, Ama, agawa ya ta sikatoy nilabay mo. Inter na Amak ed siak iray amin a bengatla, anggapoy mikabat ed Anak likud ed Ama; anggapoy mikabat ed Ama likud ed Anak tan saray labay a pangipakabatan na Anak. Dago kayod siak, amin yon nakekesawan ed panaawit yoy ambelat, ta pampainawaen ta kayo. Sakbat yoy pakok tan manaral kayod siak, ta mauyamo tan mapaabeba ak, et makapampainawa kayo. Ta mainomay so ipasakbat kod sikayo, tan anlemew so ipaawit kod sikayo.” Odino, Lukas 7:18b-23 LITURGY OF THE ANOINTING LITANY The priest may adapt or shorten the Litany according to the conditon of the sick person. Agagik ira, lapud dasal tayon walay katekep toy pananisia, manpikasi tayod Dios para say agi tayon si N. Gala Katawan tan pabiskeg Mo si N., diad panamegley na sayan Santa Lana: Katawan, mangasika. K: Katawan, mangasika. Itdan Moy kawayangan ed amin na kakabusan: Katawan, mangasika. Ebat. Itdan Moy kawayangan ed kasalanan tan amin a tukso: Katawan, mangasika. Ebat. Itdan Moy inawa ray irirap na amin a mansasakit (ya wadia natan): Katawan, mangasi ka. Ebat. Iter Mod si N., so bilay tan biskeg na laman, ya sikatoy puyokan mi masanton larak ed ngaran Mo. Ebat. LAYING ON OF HANDS PRAYER OVER THE OIL The priest says a prayer of thanksgiving over the blessed oil, or he may bless the oil himself, using one of the following: Thanksgiving Over the Blessed Oil (If the oil is already blessed, the priest says the following prayer of thanksgiving over it). Narayew Ka, O Dios, makapanyarin Ama. Imbakim so Anak Mo ya manayam ed kapegleyan mi tan mangawit na kilalaban mi. K. Narayew Ka, O Dios ya mamapaabig ed sikami lapud Kriston. Narayew Ka, O Dios, bogbogtong ya Anak. Nanpaabeba Ka pian akikasakey Ka ed say inkatoo mi, tan tinambal Mo ray sakisakit mi. Ebat. Narayew Ka, O Dios, Espiritu Santo, ya Manligliwa. Say mansiansian biskeg Mo so mangiiter na biskeg ed say kakapuyan na laman mi. Ebat. Dios na Pangasi, palemewen Mo ray irirap mi tan tambayoen Moy kakapuyan nen N., ya aripen Mo, ya puyokan na Simbaan na sayan Masanton Lana. Kekerewen mi ya lapud Kriston Katawan mi. K. Amen. (BLESSING OF OIL – When the priest blesses the oil during the rite, he uses the following blessing: Mikasi tayo. Dios na amin na Inawa, Pinilim tan imbakim so Anak Mo ya manambal na mundo. Dengel Mo iyan pikakasi a katekep toy pananisia mi: Paakseb Mo pay pakayari na Espirito Santom, ya Managligliwa, ed sayan larak, a salanti, lanan manangiter na inawa a mablin langkap, tan bunga na dalin. Bendision Mo pa yan larak + tan pasantosen Mo para usaren mi. Pagmaliw Mon tambal na amin a siopaman a nalarakan; paabig Mo rad laman da, diad kamarerwa ra, tan diad espirito ra, tan ag Mo ra iyaabuloy ed amin ya kairapan. Kekerewen mi ya diad panamegley nen Katawan min Jesucristo, ya Anak Mo, a manbibilay tan manaari a kaibam tan say Espiritu Santo, saksakey a Dios, ed ando lan ando. K. Amen ) ANOINTING The priest anoints the sick person with the blessed oil. First he anoints the forehead, saying: THROUGH THIS HOLY ANOINTING MAY THE LORD IN IS LOVE AND MERCY HELP YOU WITH THE GRACE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. K. Amen. Then he anoints the hands, saying: MAY THE LORD WHO FREES YOU FROM SIN SAVE YOU AND RAISE YOU UP. Prayer after Anointing The priest says one of the following prayers: Mikasi tayo. A. General Ama ed tawen, Lapud sayan masanton panpuyok na larak, Iter Mod si N., so inawa ed say irirap to. No sikato so natatakot, itdan Mo pa na sibeg na linawa, No sikatoy nanairapan, itdan Mo na anos tan seseg, No nakalan na ilalo, itdan Mo pa ed sikato so panampaya na masanton totoom. Kekerewen mi ya lapud Kristo ya Katawan mi. K: Amen. B. General Katawan min Jesukristo, ya Manangilaban mi, Lapud grasya na Espirito Santom paabig mo yan kakapuyan nen N., ya aripen mo. Paabig Mo so sakit to tan perdonam iray kasalanan to; Ekal Mo ray kairapan na kanununtan tan laman to; Diad panangasim, pasimbaloen Mo komon so biskeg na laman to, Pian nayarian ton sumpalen lamet iray kimey to, Lapud Sika so Katawan ed ando lan ando. K. Amen. C. In extreme or terminal illness Katawan a Jesukristo, Pinilim a mikasakey Ka ed inkatoo mi, Pian nilaban Mon amin so totoo tan natambal Mo ray mansasakit. Nengneng Mon mapangasi si N., ya aripen Mo, Ya pinuyokan mi masanton lana ed ngaran Mo para say iyabig na laman Tan kamarerwa to. Ampayaen Mo na biskeg Mo, Ligliwam diad panangiyagel Mo ed sikato, Tan iter Mod sikato so biskeg ya onlaban ed saray mauges Lapud inter Mo lad sikato so kabyangan to ed say inpanirap Mo, Tulongan Mon makalmo na ilalo ed irap, Lapud Sika so Katawan ed ando lan ando. K: Amen. D. In Advanced Age Dios a mapangasi, Nengneng Mon maabagey so aripen Mon kinmapoy onung ed intaken to. Lapud sayan masanton panpuyok na masanton lana, Sikatoy onkekerew na abig na laman tan kamarerwa. Panom pa na pakayari na Espirito Santo. Pasbiskeg Mo ed pananisia tan ilalo, Pian sikatoy makapangiter na alimbawa na anos tan seseg, tan Maliket ya mantasi ed say pakayari na panangarom. Kekerewen mi ya lapud Kristo ya Katawan mi. K: Amen. E. Before Surgery Dios a Maabagey, Say kakapuyan mi ya totoo so onkekerew diad biskeg Mo. Manpipikasi kami ya lapud saray dunong na doktor tan nars, Say langkap ya makapaabig so nagamuran nen N. Say aripen Mo komon so makaawat na makapaabig ya linawam Tan sikatoy mikasakey ed sikami lalamet diad altar na dayew Mo. Kekerewen mi ya diad panamegley nen Kristo ya Katawan tayo. K. Amen. F. For a Child Ama mi, Pinuyokan mi na makapaabig a santa lana tan kareenan si N. Ampayam, isirum tan isinop Mo ed maaron panangasim. Kekerewen mi ya lapud ngaran nen Jesus a Katawan. K: Amen G. For a Young Person Dios ya managtambal mi, Ed sayan bekta na sakit, linma Ka ya manbendision ed si N. Lapud grasyamIpawil Mo ed sikato so abig na laman tan biskeg, Gawam pan sikato so sililiket ed espirito Tan sipaparaan ya mangawat ed linawam. Kekerewen mi pa ya lapud Kristo ya Katawan mi. K: Amen. THE LORD’S PRAYER Dasalen tayon sitatalek so dasal ya imbangat nen Katawan tayon Jesukristo: Ama mi wala Kad tawen Nagalang so ngaran Mo Onsabid sikami panarian Mo Onorey linawam diad dalin a onung ed tawen. Say kanen min inagew-agew, iter Mod sikami ed agew aya. Paandien Mo ray kasalanan mi, Onung na panamaandi miy kasalanan daray Akapankasalanan ed sikami; Tan ag Mo kami iter ya onabuloy ed tukso, Ilaban Mo kami ingen ed mauges. (LITURGY OF HOLY COMMUNION The priest shows the eucharistic bread to those present, saying: A. Nia so Kordero na Dios Manamaandi na kasalanan na mundo. Gali kayo ed Sikato, sikayo ran maniirap tan nabebelatan, tan sikayo’y panpaninawaen To. B. Nia so tinapay na bilay. Tawayan tan nengneng yo ya say Katawan et maong. The sick person and all who are to receive communion say: Katawan, ag ak onkanan mangako ed Sika, balet diad sakey labat a salitam, onabig ak. The priest goes to the sick person and, showing the blessed sacrament, says: Laman nen Kristo. The sick peson answers: Amen, and receives communion. Dala nen Kristo. The sick person answers: Amen, and receives communion. Silent Prayer Then a period of silence may be observed. PRAYER AFTER COMMUNION The priest says a concluding prayer. One of the following may be used: Mikasi tayo. A. Dios a makapanyarin amin, Lapud say inpanirap, inpatey tan inkiolid bilay nen Kristo ya Anak Mo, sinumpal Mo so kimey na kilalaban. Sikami komun ya lapud sayan tanda na sakraminto, So mangibelyaw na inpatey tan inkiolid bilay na Katawan, Tan sikami so onsalindak lapud say grasya na kilalaban Mo. Kekerewen mi ya lapud Kristo ya Katawan mi. K: Amen. B. Dios a makapanyarin amin, Misalamat kami ed sayan legpet ya inter Mod sikami Lapud sayan masanton langkap Mo. Paakseb Moy Espirito ed sikami Tan lapud say biskeg na sayan kanen a nanlapud tawen Gawa Mo kamin mikasakey ed lingkur para Sika. Kekerewen mi ya lapud Kristo a Katawan mi. K: Amen. ) CONCLUDING RITE BLESSING The priest blesses the sick person and the others present, using one of the following blessings. If, however, any of the blessed sacrament remains, he may bless the sick person by making a sign of the cross with the blessed sacrament, in silence. A. Say katawan so wala ed sikayo ya mangiyagel ed sikayo. K: Amen. Iwanwan kayo komuy Katawan tan itdan To kayo na biskeg. K: Amen. Bantayan tan awiten To kayo komon ed aro To,Tan bendisionan To kayo na kareenan To. K: Amen. Bendisionan kayo komuy Dios, say Ama tan say Anak + tan say Espiritu Santo. K: Amen. B. Bendisionan kayo komuy Dios Ama. K: Amen. Paabigen kayo komuy Dios Anak. K: Amen. Paliwawaen kayo komuy Dios Espirito Santo. K: Amen. C. Say bendision na Dios a makapanyarin amin, Say Ama, say Anak + tan say Espirito Santo, so walad sikayo tan manayam ed sikayo natan tan diad ando lan ando. K: Amen. 251 1324 2006-10-18T09:19:29Z 130.54.12.247 * [[Cancion para diad saray Ugugaw]] * [[Cancion na Puso]] * [[Kankanta|Cancion na Simbaan]] * [[Cancion diad Inkianak na Katawan]] * [[Cancion na Saray Kalangweran]] * [[Cancion na Bansan Filipinas]] 252 1047 2006-10-13T01:26:18Z Arikasikis 11 Malinak lay labi, Oras lay mareen <br> Mapalpalnay dagem, Katekep toy linaew <br> Samit day kugip ko, Binangonan kon tampol <br> Lapu'd say linggas mo, Sikan-sikay amamayoen <br> Refrain: Lalo la bilay no sika lay nanengneng <br> Napunas lan amin so ermin ya akbibiten <br> No nanonotan ko lay samit day ugalim <br> Agtaka nalingwanan anggad kaoyos na bilay. <br> Repeat refrain. 253 775 2006-10-04T00:08:26Z Arikasikis 11 #Ano Amay #Aruku Akar #Ashi Sali #Atama Ulo #Atarashii Balo #Buta Baboy #Furui Daan #Kaeru Patang #Ke Bago #Kirei Magana #Kumo Lorem #Hashi Taytay #Hito Too #Ie Abong #Iku Ula #Inu Aso #Isu Irongan #Me Mata #Neko Pusa #Nomu Inom #Tabemono Panangan #Taberu Akan #Taiyou Agew #Te Lima #Tombo Andiret #Tsuchi Dalin #Tsuki Bulan #Tsuyoi Maksil #Ue Tagey #Ushi Baka #Yasai Pising #Yowai Makapew 254 780 2006-10-04T00:42:04Z Saluyot 12 [[:ilo:user:saluyot|ilo:user:saluyot]] [[:tl:user:saluyot|tl:user:saluyot]] [[:en:user:saluyot|en:user:saluyot]] 255 782 2006-10-04T05:25:34Z Harvzsf 9 [[:war:User:Harvzs]] [[:ceb:User:Harvzs]] [[:en:User:Harvzsf]] [[:es:Usuario:Harvzsf]] 256 784 2006-10-04T06:32:51Z Arikasikis 11 say [[$1]] enyales paula ed [[$2]] 257 785 2006-10-04T06:33:49Z Arikasikis 11 Nipakar ed 258 786 2006-10-04T06:35:54Z Arikasikis 11 Amin ya artikulo 259 787 2006-10-04T06:37:14Z Arikasikis 11 Say Password impawet la. 260 788 2006-10-04T06:38:29Z Arikasikis 11 Ngaran 261 789 2006-10-04T06:39:27Z Arikasikis 11 Ontombok 262 790 2006-10-04T06:40:31Z Arikasikis 11 san 263 878 2006-10-05T09:03:38Z Arikasikis 11 Buralen 264 792 2006-10-04T06:44:49Z Arikasikis 11 (Say niduma diad saray revision) 265 793 2006-10-04T06:45:33Z Arikasikis 11 bantayan 266 879 2006-10-05T09:04:25Z Arikasikis 11 Buralen san iyales 267 970 2006-10-09T20:50:05Z Arikasikis 11 Baloen o dagdagan 268 796 2006-10-04T06:49:16Z Arikasikis 11 Tolong 269 797 2006-10-04T06:51:49Z Arikasikis 11 Anapen 270 798 2006-10-04T06:52:47Z Arikasikis 11 Ula 271 799 2006-10-04T06:54:08Z Arikasikis 11 Yamot 272 800 2006-10-04T06:56:22Z Arikasikis 11 asalatan 273 929 2006-10-06T08:33:42Z Arikasikis 11 say [[Talk:Main Page]] enyales paula ed [[Talk:Arapan ya Bolong]] Komon makatulong kayo. [[User:Arikasikis|Arikasikis]] 274 804 2006-10-04T06:59:31Z Arikasikis 11 Ula 275 805 2006-10-04T07:00:14Z Arikasikis 11 Iyales 276 806 2006-10-04T07:01:42Z Arikasikis 11 Tongtongan 277 807 2006-10-04T07:02:15Z Arikasikis 11 Donasyon 278 816 2006-10-04T07:15:15Z Arikasikis 11 Antoray akaturo dia 279 810 2006-10-04T07:03:58Z Arikasikis 11 Balo ran binalo 280 811 2006-10-04T07:04:46Z Arikasikis 11 Balo ran binalo 281 812 2006-10-04T07:07:36Z Arikasikis 11 Saray nagagawa natan 282 813 2006-10-04T07:09:24Z Arikasikis 11 Pwerta na komyunidad 283 814 2006-10-04T07:13:02Z Arikasikis 11 anapen 284 815 2006-10-04T07:14:32Z Arikasikis 11 Anapen 285 817 2006-10-04T07:17:18Z Arikasikis 11 Aga makagawa na account 286 818 2006-10-04T07:18:40Z Arikasikis 11 Asumpal lan agawa 287 819 2006-10-04T07:19:24Z Arikasikis 11 Ipanengneng labat so abalo 288 820 2006-10-04T07:20:01Z Arikasikis 11 Agawa so account 289 821 2006-10-04T07:20:51Z Arikasikis 11 Bureaucrat la yan user. 290 822 2006-10-04T07:21:35Z Arikasikis 11 Administrator la yan user 291 823 2006-10-04T07:22:42Z Arikasikis 11 Aga nayarin IP address 292 824 2006-10-04T07:23:44Z Arikasikis 11 Anggapo niy binmoto 293 919 2006-10-06T07:01:51Z Arikasikis 11 Saray pakabat na oksoy 294 826 2006-10-04T07:25:13Z Arikasikis 11 Mangawa na account 295 827 2006-10-04T07:26:15Z Arikasikis 11 Akompirma so e-mail address mo. Sarag mo lay man-log-in san panliketan so wiki. 296 828 2006-10-04T07:27:05Z Arikasikis 11 Saray binalo 297 829 2006-10-04T07:27:55Z Arikasikis 11 dakel 298 830 2006-10-04T07:28:19Z Arikasikis 11 Ula 299 831 2006-10-04T07:29:26Z Arikasikis 11 Ipanengneng so listaan 300 832 2006-10-04T07:29:57Z Arikasikis 11 Aga ni gimmapo so botoan 301 833 2006-10-04T07:31:10Z Arikasikis 11 Salatan so password 302 880 2006-10-05T09:05:19Z Arikasikis 11 On, buralen yan page 303 835 2006-10-04T07:40:16Z Arikasikis 11 Mangawa na artikulo 304 836 2006-10-04T07:42:42Z Arikasikis 11 Ngaran na user: 305 837 2006-10-04T07:44:53Z Arikasikis 11 Project:Pwerta na Komyunidad 306 838 2006-10-04T07:46:35Z Arikasikis 11 Aga parehas so en-type mo ran password. 307 839 2006-10-04T07:47:47Z Arikasikis 11 anggapoy naanap 308 840 2006-10-04T07:48:57Z Arikasikis 11 Agawa la so user account para $1. 309 841 2006-10-04T07:51:15Z Arikasikis 11 Paawit 310 842 2006-10-04T07:52:09Z Arikasikis 11 Aga sarag ya titulo 311 843 2006-10-04T07:54:30Z Arikasikis 11 Akompira la so e-mail address mo. 312 853 2006-10-04T08:09:32Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Totoon Pangasinan]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan]] * [[Luyag na Pangasinan]] 313 1062 2006-10-14T00:15:51Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:saltfarm.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Commercial Salt Industry in [[Dasol]].]] Listaan na saray baley san siyudad ed luyag na [[Pangasinan]]. =Baley= *[[Agno, Pangasinan|Agno]] *[[Aguilar, Pangasinan|Aguilar]] *[[Alcala, Pangasinan|Alcala]] *[[Anda, Pangasinan|Anda]] *[[Asingan, Pangasinan|Asingan]] *[[Balungao, Pangasinan|Balungao]] *[[Bani, Pangasinan|Bani]] *[[Basista, Pangasinan|Basista]] *[[Bautista, Pangasinan|Bautista]] *[[Bayambang, Pangasinan|Bayambang]] *[[Binalonan, Pangasinan|Binalonan]] *[[Binmaley, Pangasinan|Binmaley]] *[[Bolinao, Pangasinan|Bolinao]] *[[Bugallon, Pangasinan|Bugallon]] *[[Burgos, Pangasinan|Burgos]] *[[Calasiao, Pangasinan|Calasiao]] *[[Dasol, Pangasinan|Dasol]] *[[Infanta, Pangasinan|Infanta]] *[[Labrador, Pangasinan|Labrador]] *[[Laoac, Pangasinan|Laoac]] *[[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] *[[Mabini, Pangasinan|Mabini]] *[[Malasiqui, Pangasinan|Malasiqui]] *[[Manaoag, Pangasinan|Manaoag]] *[[Mangaldan, Pangasinan|Mangaldan]] *[[Mangatarem, Pangasinan|Mangatarem]] *[[Mapandan, Pangasinan|Mapandan]] *[[Natividad, Pangasinan|Natividad]] *[[Pozzorubio, Pangasinan|Pozzorubio]] *[[Rosales, Pangasinan|Rosales]] *[[San Fabian, Pangasinan|San Fabian]] *[[San Jacinto, Pangasinan|San Jacinto]] *[[San Manuel, Pangasinan|San Manuel]] *[[San Nicolas, Pangasinan|San Nicolas]] *[[San Quintin, Pangasinan|San Quintin]] *[[Santa Barbara, Pangasinan|Santa Barbara]] *[[Santa Maria, Pangasinan|Santa Maria]] *[[Santo Tomas, Pangasinan|Santo Tomas]] *[[Sison, Pangasinan|Sison]] *[[Sual, Pangasinan|Sual]] *[[Tayug, Pangasinan|Tayug]] *[[Umingan, Pangasinan|Umingan]] *[[Urbiztondo, Pangasinan|Urbiztondo]] *[[Villasis, Pangasinan|Villasis]] =Siyudad= *[[Alaminos City]] *[[Urdaneta City]] *[[Dagupan City]] *[[San Carlos City, Pangasinan|San Carlos City]] 314 863 2006-10-04T09:10:37Z Arikasikis 11 {{Babel|en-5|pag|tl-5|ja-2|es-1|hil-1}} 315 864 2006-10-04T09:11:01Z Arikasikis 11 {{Babel|en-5|sv|no-4|he-3|lt-2|es-1|an-0}} 317 871 2006-10-04T14:26:39Z Arikasikis 11 Say Luyag na La Union, wadyad kabay san norte na [[Luyag na Pangasinan]]. 318 2845 2006-11-15T20:28:25Z Escarbot 14 robot Adding: gn, iu, mh, ng, om Bonjour, Je suis un Wikipédien français. Merci de me contacter sur [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hello, I am a French Wikipedian. Please contact me on [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hallo, Ich bin ein französischer Wikipedia Benutzer. Bitte gehen Sie zu : [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. [[aa:User:Vargenau]] [[ab:Участник:Vargenau]] [[af:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[als:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[am:User:Vargenau]] [[an:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[ang:User:Vargenau]] [[ar:مستخدم:Vargenau]] [[arc:User:Vargenau]] [[ast:Usuariu:Vargenau]] [[av:Участник:Vargenau]] [[ay:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Vargenau]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Vargenau]] [[be:Удзельнік:Vargenau]] [[bg:Потребител:Vargenau]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Vargenau]] [[bo:User:Vargenau]] [[br:Implijer:Vargenau]] [[bs:Korisnik:Vargenau]] [[ca:Usuari:Vargenau]] [[ceb:User:Vargenau]] [[chr:User:Vargenau]] [[co:User:Vargenau]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Vargenau]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Vargenau]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Vargenau]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Vargenau]] [[da:Bruger:Vargenau]] [[de:Benutzer:Vargenau]] [[diq:User:Vargenau]] [[dv:User:Vargenau]] [[el:Χρήστης:Vargenau]] [[en:User:Vargenau]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Vargenau]] [[es:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[et:Kasutaja:Vargenau]] [[eu:Lankide:Vargenau]] [[fa:کاربر:Vargenau]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Vargenau]] [[fiu-vro:User:Vargenau]] [[fo:Brúkari:Vargenau]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau]] [[frp:User:Vargenau]] [[fur:Utent:Vargenau]] [[fy:Meidogger:Vargenau]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Vargenau]] [[gd:User:Vargenau]] [[gl:User:Vargenau]] [[gn:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[got:User:Vargenau]] [[gu:User:Vargenau]] [[he:משתמש:Vargenau]] [[hi:सदस्य:Vargenau]] [[hr:Suradnik:Vargenau]] [[ht:User:Vargenau]] [[hu:User:Vargenau]] [[hy:User:Vargenau]] [[ia:Usator:Vargenau]] [[id:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[ie:User:Vargenau]] [[ilo:User:Vargenau]] [[io:User:Vargenau]] [[is:Notandi:Vargenau]] [[it:Utente:Vargenau]] [[iu:User:Vargenau]] [[ja:利用者:Vargenau]] [[jbo:User:Vargenau]] [[jv:Panganggo:Vargenau]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Vargenau]] [[kg:User:Vargenau]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Vargenau]] [[ko:사용자:Vargenau]] [[ks:User:Vargenau]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Vargenau]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Vargenau]] [[kw:User:Vargenau]] [[ky:User:Vargenau]] [[la:Usor:Vargenau]] [[lad:User:Vargenau]] [[lb:User:Vargenau]] [[li:Gebroeker:Vargenau]] [[lij:User:Vargenau]] [[lmo:User:Vargenau]] [[ln:User:Vargenau]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Vargenau]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Vargenau]] [[map-bms:User:Vargenau]] [[mg:User:Vargenau]] [[mh:User:Vargenau]] [[mi:User:Vargenau]] [[mk:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[ml:User:Vargenau]] [[mn:User:Vargenau]] [[mo:User:Vargenau]] [[mr:User:Vargenau]] [[ms:Pengguna:Vargenau]] [[mt:User:Vargenau]] [[my:User:Vargenau]] [[na:User:Vargenau]] [[nah:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[nap:Utente:Vargenau]] [[nds:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Vargenau]] [[ng:User:Vargenau]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Vargenau]] [[nn:Brukar:Vargenau]] [[no:Bruker:Vargenau]] [[nrm:User:Vargenau]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Vargenau]] [[oc:Utilisator:Vargenau]] [[om:User:Vargenau]] [[os:Архайæг:Vargenau]] [[pam:User:Vargenau]] [[pdc:User:Vargenau]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Vargenau]] [[pms:Utent:Vargenau]] [[ps:User:Vargenau]] [[pt:Usuário:Vargenau]] [[qu:Usuario:Vargenau]] [[rm:User:Vargenau]] [[rmy:Jeno:Vargenau]] [[ro:Utilizator:Vargenau]] [[ru:Участник:Vargenau]] [[ru-sib:User:Vargenau]] [[sa:User:Vargenau]] [[sc:Utente:Vargenau]] [[scn:User:Vargenau]] [[sco:User:Vargenau]] [[se:User:Vargenau]] [[sg:User:Vargenau]] [[sh:User:Vargenau]] [[si:User:Vargenau]] [[simple:User:Vargenau]] [[sk:Redaktor:Vargenau]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Vargenau]] [[sm:User:Vargenau]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Vargenau]] [[sr:Корисник:Vargenau]] [[su:Pamaké:Vargenau]] [[sv:Användare:Vargenau]] [[sw:User:Vargenau]] [[ta:பயனர்:Vargenau]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Vargenau]] [[tet:User:Vargenau]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Vargenau]] [[tk:User:Vargenau]] [[tl:User:Vargenau]] [[tpi:User:Vargenau]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Vargenau]] [[tt:Äğzä:Vargenau]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Vargenau]] [[ug:User:Vargenau]] [[uk:Користувач:Vargenau]] [[ur:صارف:Vargenau]] [[uz:User:Vargenau]] [[vec:Utente:Vargenau]] [[vi:Thành viên:Vargenau]] [[vo:User:Vargenau]] [[wa:Uzeu:Vargenau]] [[war:User:Vargenau]] [[wo:User:Vargenau]] [[yi:באַניצער:Vargenau]] [[zh:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-classical:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Vargenau]] [[zh-yue:User:Vargenau]] 319 874 2006-10-04T18:18:58Z Vargenau 13 Bonjour, Je suis un Wikipédien français. Merci de me contacter sur [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hello, I am a French Wikipedian. Please contact me on [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. Hallo, Ich bin ein französischer Wikipedia Benutzer. Bitte gehen Sie zu : [[:fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Vargenau]]. 320 2865 2006-11-22T07:18:41Z Escarbot 14 robot Adding: [[bar:User:Escarbot]] {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} [[ab:Участник:Escarbot]] [[af:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[als:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[am:User:Escarbot]] [[an:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[ang:User:Escarbot]] [[ar:مستخدم:Escarbot]] [[ast:Usuariu:Escarbot]] [[av:Участник:Escarbot]] [[az:İstifadəçi:Escarbot]] [[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Escarbot]] [[bar:User:Escarbot]] [[be:Удзельнік:Escarbot]] [[bg:Потребител:Escarbot]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Escarbot]] [[bo:User:Escarbot]] [[br:Implijer:Escarbot]] [[bs:Korisnik:Escarbot]] [[ca:Usuari:Escarbot]] [[ceb:User:Escarbot]] [[chr:User:Escarbot]] [[co:User:Escarbot]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Escarbot]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Escarbot]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Escarbot]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Escarbot]] [[da:Bruger:Escarbot]] [[de:Benutzer:Escarbot]] [[diq:User:Escarbot]] [[dv:User:Escarbot]] [[el:Χρήστης:Escarbot]] [[en:User:Escarbot]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Escarbot]] [[es:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[et:Kasutaja:Escarbot]] [[eu:Lankide:Escarbot]] [[fa:کاربر:Escarbot]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Escarbot]] [[fiu-vro:User:Escarbot]] [[fo:Brúkari:Escarbot]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Escarbot]] [[frp:User:Escarbot]] [[fur:Utent:Escarbot]] [[fy:Meidogger:Escarbot]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Escarbot]] [[gd:User:Escarbot]] [[gl:User:Escarbot]] [[got:User:Escarbot]] [[gu:User:Escarbot]] [[he:משתמש:Escarbot]] [[hi:सदस्य:Escarbot]] [[hr:Suradnik:Escarbot]] [[hsb:User:Escarbot]] [[ht:User:Escarbot]] [[hu:User:Escarbot]] [[hy:User:Escarbot]] [[ia:Usator:Escarbot]] [[id:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[ie:User:Escarbot]] [[ilo:User:Escarbot]] [[io:User:Escarbot]] [[is:Notandi:Escarbot]] [[it:Utente:Escarbot]] [[iu:User:Escarbot]] [[ja:利用者:Escarbot]] [[jbo:User:Escarbot]] [[jv:Panganggo:Escarbot]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Escarbot]] [[kg:User:Escarbot]] [[kj:User:Escarbot]] [[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Escarbot]] [[ko:사용자:Escarbot]] [[ks:User:Escarbot]] [[ksh:Medmaacher:Escarbot]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Escarbot]] [[kw:User:Escarbot]] [[ky:User:Escarbot]] [[la:Usor:Escarbot]] [[lad:User:Escarbot]] [[lb:User:Escarbot]] [[li:Gebroeker:Escarbot]] [[lij:User:Escarbot]] [[lmo:User:Escarbot]] [[ln:User:Escarbot]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Escarbot]] [[lv:Lietotājs:Escarbot]] [[map-bms:User:Escarbot]] [[mg:User:Escarbot]] [[mi:User:Escarbot]] [[mk:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[ml:User:Escarbot]] [[mn:User:Escarbot]] [[mo:User:Escarbot]] [[mr:User:Escarbot]] [[ms:Pengguna:Escarbot]] [[mt:User:Escarbot]] [[my:User:Escarbot]] [[na:User:Escarbot]] [[nah:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[nap:Utente:Escarbot]] [[nds:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nds-nl:Gebruker:Escarbot]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Escarbot]] [[nn:Brukar:Escarbot]] [[no:Bruker:Escarbot]] [[nov:User:Escarbot]] [[nrm:User:Escarbot]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Escarbot]] [[oc:Utilisator:Escarbot]] [[os:Архайæг:Escarbot]] [[pam:User:Escarbot]] [[pdc:User:Escarbot]] [[pl:Wikipedysta:Escarbot]] [[pms:Utent:Escarbot]] [[ps:User:Escarbot]] [[pt:Usuário:Escarbot]] [[qu:Usuario:Escarbot]] [[rm:User:Escarbot]] [[rmy:Jeno:Escarbot]] [[ro:Utilizator:Escarbot]] [[ru:Участник:Escarbot]] [[ru-sib:User:Escarbot]] [[sa:User:Escarbot]] [[sc:Utente:Escarbot]] [[scn:User:Escarbot]] [[sco:User:Escarbot]] [[se:User:Escarbot]] [[sg:User:Escarbot]] [[sh:User:Escarbot]] [[si:User:Escarbot]] [[simple:User:Escarbot]] [[sk:Redaktor:Escarbot]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Escarbot]] [[sm:User:Escarbot]] [[sq:Përdoruesi:Escarbot]] [[sr:Корисник:Escarbot]] [[su:Pamaké:Escarbot]] [[sv:Användare:Escarbot]] [[sw:User:Escarbot]] [[ta:பயனர்:Escarbot]] [[te:సభ్యుడు:Escarbot]] [[tet:User:Escarbot]] [[tg:Корбар:Escarbot]] [[th:ผู้ใช้:Escarbot]] [[tk:User:Escarbot]] [[tl:User:Escarbot]] [[tpi:User:Escarbot]] [[tr:Kullanıcı:Escarbot]] [[tt:Äğzä:Escarbot]] [[tw:User:Escarbot]] [[udm:Викиавтор:Escarbot]] [[ug:User:Escarbot]] [[uk:Користувач:Escarbot]] [[ur:صارف:Escarbot]] [[uz:User:Escarbot]] [[ve:User:Escarbot]] [[vec:Utente:Escarbot]] [[vi:Thành viên:Escarbot]] [[vo:User:Escarbot]] [[wa:Uzeu:Escarbot]] [[war:User:Escarbot]] [[wo:User:Escarbot]] [[yi:באַניצער:Escarbot]] [[zh:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-classical:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Escarbot]] [[zh-yue:User:Escarbot]] 321 876 2006-10-04T19:13:03Z Escarbot 14 {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot en cours de test''' |- | Ce robot en cours de test est destiné à faire des interwikis. |- | Dresseur : [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Laissez vos commentaires sur [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|ma page de discussion]]. Merci. |} {|width="60%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 3px solid orange; background-color: #FFFFCC; margin-bottom: 6px;" |align="center"|'''Robot currently under test''' |- | This robot currently under test will only be used to make interwiki links. |- | Owner: [[:fr:Utilisateur:Vargenau|Vargenau]] |- | Please leave your comments (in French or English) on [[:fr:Discussion Utilisateur:Vargenau|my French talk page]]. Thank you. |} 322 881 2006-10-05T09:07:13Z Arikasikis 11 Nakaukulan mo ya $1 umpian nakompirma so email address mo. 323 882 2006-10-05T09:07:57Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so content page 324 883 2006-10-05T09:09:08Z Arikasikis 11 Nakaukulan na e-mail confirmation para makapan-edit 325 884 2006-10-05T09:10:16Z Arikasikis 11 Manlapud 326 885 2006-10-05T09:11:30Z Arikasikis 11 Empawet ed $2 so password para ed $1. 327 886 2006-10-05T09:12:29Z Arikasikis 11 Saray contribution na user 328 887 2006-10-05T09:13:06Z Arikasikis 11 Para ed 329 888 2006-10-05T09:17:43Z Arikasikis 11 Aken buralen 330 889 2006-10-05T09:19:57Z Arikasikis 11 Say e-mail impawet la 331 890 2006-10-05T09:22:50Z Arikasikis 11 Empawet so confirmation e-mail. 332 891 2006-10-05T09:41:49Z Arikasikis 11 Buralen so page 333 892 2006-10-05T09:42:57Z Arikasikis 11 Buralen so ayan page 334 893 2006-10-05T09:43:28Z Arikasikis 11 E-mail so ayan user 335 894 2006-10-05T09:44:10Z Arikasikis 11 amin 336 920 2006-10-06T07:03:49Z Arikasikis 11 Niduma ran Bolong 337 921 2006-10-06T07:04:32Z Arikasikis 11 Niduma ran bolong 338 922 2006-10-06T07:05:23Z Arikasikis 11 Niduman Bolong 339 923 2006-10-06T07:06:15Z Arikasikis 11 Amin ya bolong ($1 namespace) 340 924 2006-10-06T07:07:16Z Arikasikis 11 Arapan ya Bolong 341 925 2006-10-06T07:08:22Z Arikasikis 11 Random ya bolong 342 926 2006-10-06T07:09:50Z Arikasikis 11 Mangisigep na file 343 928 2006-10-06T08:33:42Z Arikasikis 11 say [[Main Page]] enyales paula ed [[Arapan ya Bolong]] #REDIRECT [[Arapan ya Bolong]] 344 930 2006-10-06T08:33:42Z Arikasikis 11 say [[Talk:Main Page]] enyales paula ed [[Talk:Arapan ya Bolong]] #REDIRECT [[Talk:Arapan ya Bolong]] 345 931 2006-10-06T08:52:12Z Arikasikis 11 Amin ya bolong 346 2921 2006-12-07T00:57:59Z Jose77 16 [[en:User:Jose77]] <div align="center" class="usermessage">[[Image:Internet-group-chat.svg|left|25px]] '''<span class="plainlinks">Please leave your messages [http://pag.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Jose77&action=edit&section=new Here]</div> 347 933 2006-10-06T08:53:44Z Arikasikis 11 Daan ran bolong 348 934 2006-10-06T08:56:24Z Arikasikis 11 Labay mon talagan protektaan yan bolong? 349 2920 2006-12-07T00:57:07Z Jose77 16 ==Request for Help== '''Greetings Arikasikis my friend'''! Can you please help me translate [http://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] into the Pangasinan language? Any help at all would be very gratefuly appreciated, Thankyou very much. --[[User:Jose77|Jose77]] 00:57, 7 December 2006 (UTC) (In return, I can help you translate your favourite article/s into the Chinese language) 350 936 2006-10-06T08:58:32Z Arikasikis 11 Balo yan bolong. 351 937 2006-10-06T08:59:39Z Jose77 16 <div align="center" class="usermessage">[[Image:Internet-group-chat.svg|left|25px]] '''<span class="plainlinks">For a quicker reply, please leave your messages [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Jose77&action=edit&section=new Here]</div> 352 938 2006-10-06T09:00:44Z Arikasikis 11 Ngaran na user: 353 939 2006-10-06T09:01:30Z Arikasikis 11 aga-antan error 354 2929 2006-12-09T02:39:00Z Arikasikis 11 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/198.150.36.49|198.150.36.49]] ([[User_talk:198.150.36.49|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:Arikasikis|Arikasikis]] Say galiken odino aligando, kakansionen diad [[Inkianak na Katawan]]. ==Lyrics== '''Galiken''' Masantos tan mablin oras <br> So inter na Dyus laoas <br> Ombangon itin misalamat <br> Ombangon itin misalamat <br> Tan inanak la'y Dyus anak <br> Tan inanak la'y Dyus anak <br> Ombangon itin onliing <br> Agagi mi'ran ami-amin <br> Ta inanak la nen Marian Birhin <br> Ta inanak la nen Marian Birhin <br> So ari'd taoen tan dalin <br> So ari'd taoen tan dalin <br> (Ebat ed Galikin) Galikin <br> Galikin Kapastorisan <br> Gali kayon <br> Gali kayon manangigalang <br> Ed ari ra'y <br> Ed ari ra'y kataoaenan <br> A dia'd Belen so nianakan <br> A dia'd Belen so nianakan <br> (Ebat ed Biteoen) Biteoen Biteoen kan pinmanengneng <br> Diman ed <br> Diman ed letaka'y agew <br> Sikato 'ma'y <br> Sikato 'ma'y tumtumbuken <br> Na talo'ran ararin kuanen <br> Na talo'ran ararin kuanen <br> Ta nen baleg la’y lokun to <br> Nen Marian ma-Divino <br> Linma ya dinalaw to <br> Linma ya dinalaw to <br> Si Isabel a kapinsan to <br> Si Isabel a kapinsan to <br> Sakey ya anghil so dinmago <br> San Gabriel so ngaran to <br> Bang say kuan ton angibano <br> Bang say kuan ton angibano <br> Ave Marian ma-Divino <br> Ave Marian ma-Divino <br> Galikin (4x) Nen usto lan siam bulan <br> So loku’y Marian malalang <br> Pinakna na Kataoan <br> Pinakna na Kataoan <br> A say mundo’y nalioaoaoan <br> A say mundo’y nalioaoaoan <br> Bang balet so naisipan <br> Nen arin Herodes ya kuan <br> Nanpabando’d nanarian <br> Nanpabando’d nanarian <br> Ed sakop ton panuuleyan <br> Ed sakop ton panuuleyan <br> Et nadngel dayan intaoag <br> Di San Joseph tan Marian mapalar <br> Pinmaoil la’ran maganat <br> Pinmaoil la’ran maganat <br> Ed Nazareth baley dan gendat <br> Ed Nazareth baley dan gendat <br> Ta nila ran amin lanti <br> So kakanayon dan dili <br> Et andi lambengat la’y mangasi <br> Et andi lambengat la’y mangasi <br> Ya mamasegep no nayari <br> Ya mamasegep no nayari <br> Say oalna’y too nen saman <br> Laut la’d saray mamayaman <br> Kaingit o kagola da’ra’y <br> Kaingit o kagola da’ra’y <br> Kakanayon dan masegsegang <br> Kakanayon dan masegsegang <br> Dia’d labin alay betel <br> Panaon la’y malinaew <br> Si San Joseph oala’y anengneng <br> Si San Joseph oala’y anengneng <br> A kamalir a dirindingen <br> A kamalir a dirindingen <br> Esposa kuan ton sinmingger <br> Diman ita la ondaoes <br> Ed kamalir ta oala’y atep <br> Ed kamalir ta oala’y atep <br> Itepel la’y betel a baleg <br> Itepel la’y betel a baleg <br> Diman so pinonta ra <br> Si San Joseph tan si Maria <br> Oala’y atotong na baka <br> Oala’y atotong na baka <br> Ya amarokolan to la <br> Ya amarokolan to la <br> Dia’d pegley na labin mas <br> Ya mareen la’ra’y lapag <br> Kapagdaka ton inianak <br> Kapagdaka ton inianak <br> So masurin Dyus Anak <br> So masurin Dyus Anak <br> Osang, dika’y amarokolan <br> Ed Mesias ya malalang <br> Masiado’y betel ed saman <br> Masiado’y betel ed saman <br> Ya nilikna na Kataoan <br> Ya nilikna na Kataoan <br> Masiado’y karumsisan <br> Na kamalir a nananakan <br> Salambengat kaabigan <br> Salambengat kaabigan <br> Ta anghilis so amayamay <br> Ta anghilis so amayamay <br> Anghilis tan Serafinis <br> Ya pari saray pastoris <br> Oadman iran arasdasig <br> Oadman iran arasdasig <br> Ed marumsis a kamalir <br> Ed marumsis a kamalir <br> Bangnen oalo’ra’y agew to <br> Impangalsiman to’y anak to <br> Et bang say impangingaran to <br> Et bang say impangingaran to <br> Manuel Salvador del Mundo <br> Manuel Salvador del Mundo <br> Anem agew so binilang <br> Sikato la’y tinandaan <br> Et talo’ran ari’y dinmalaw <br> Et talo’ran ari’y dinmalaw <br> Ya rigalo so isaklang <br> Ya rigalo so isaklang <br> Sarama’y ararin talo <br> Nagsi-aoit ira’y rigalo <br> Mira, balitok tan balsamo <br> Mira, balitok tan balsamo <br> Ya pampuyok da’d Sali’y Niño <br> Ya pampuyok da’d Sali’y Niño <br> Bang say aoit nen San Melchor <br> Sama’y masurin balitok <br> Ya intalaga ton innonot <br> Ya intalaga ton innonot <br> Ed Marian masantos <br> Ed Marian masantos <br> Et bang sa aoit nen San Gaspar <br> Sama’y mira lambengat <br> Irigalo to’d Mesias <br> Irigalo to’d Mesias <br> Ya oadman a kapanianak <br> Ya oadman a kapanianak <br> Bang say aoit nen San Baltazar <br> Sama’y balsamo lambengat <br> Ninonot ton ibagat <br> Ninonot ton ibagat <br> Ed sankablian a Mesias <br> Ed sankablian a Mesias <br> Si Herodes anengneng to ‘ra <br> So sarama’y ararin talo’ra <br> Say kuan ton nansalita <br> Say kuan ton nansalita <br> Seseñoris onsamar ki pa <br> Seseñoris onsamar ki pa <br> Ta no kablian yon talo <br> Mapatnag ta arari kayo <br> Tabi pa ed kablian yo <br> Tabi pa ed kablian yo <br> No iner so laen yo <br> No iner so laen yo <br> Ebat da’y talo’ran arari <br> Si Jesus so dalaoen mi <br> Ta inanak la kono lanti <br> Ta inanak la kono lanti <br> So ari’y ganagana’y ari <br> So ari’y ganagana’y ari <br> Arin Herodes mannonot ka <br> Ta ondalaw itin magano <br> Ta nianak la kono lanti <br> Ta nianak la kono lanti <br> Onangob iti’d sali to <br> Onangob iti’d sali to <br> Inkua’y Herodes ed sikara <br> Natan ag ak makapila <br> Ta oala’y mapilit kon gaoa <br> Ta oala’y mapilit kon gaoa <br> Kanian natan onona kila <br> Kanian natan onona kila <br> No sata’y kuan yon ari <br> Ya anak a maung a bii <br> Inkapoli to met lagi <br> Inkapoli to met lagi <br> A taoir to’d laki to tan bai <br> A taoir to’d laki to tan bai <br> Ta bang pano ompaoil kayo la <br> Say kuan ko ta onsamar kayo dia <br> Ta siak balet so onla <br> Ta siak balet so onla <br> Ta inanak la kasin tua <br> Ta inanak la kasin tua <br> Dia’d satan iman mas la’ra’ <br> So sarama’y ararin talo’ra <br> Et bang say tinumbok da <br> Et bang say tinumbok da <br> Sama’y sindag na lioaoa <br> Sama’y sindag na lioaoa <br> Ed bang nen onsabi ‘ra <br> Ed kaoalaa’y Birhin Maria <br> Tampol angigalang ira <br> Tampol angigalang ira <br> Sali’y Niño’y inangoban da <br> Sali’y Niño’y inangoban da <br> Say komaduan inggalang da <br> Si San Joseph tan si Maria <br> Agay kala Maria kuan da <br> Agay kala Maria kuan da <br> Ta inianak mo’y manamalsa <br> Ta inianak mo’y manamalsa <br> Nen ayari la’ran angigalang <br> So sarama’y ararin kinuan <br> Labay da mas la’y ompikal <br> Labay da mas la’y ompikal <br> Ya ompaoil la’ra’d nanlapuan <br> Ya ompaoil la’ra’d nanlapuan <br> Taynan mi kila Kataoan <br> Ag mo kami lilingoanan <br> Say dayew mo’d sankamundoan <br> Say dayew mo’d sankamundoan <br> Sikato’y itarok mi natan <br> Sikato’y itarok mi natan <br> Nen manaakar la’ra <br> So sarama’y ararin talo’ra <br> Getma ya samaren da <br> Getma ya samaren da <br> Si Herodes ya maruksa <br> Si Herodes ya maruksa <br> Sakey ya anghil a manuna <br> So pinmayaoar ed sikara <br> Say kuan to ompaoil kila <br> Say kuan to ompaoil kila <br> Ag yo sasamare’y Herodes a maruksa <br> Ag yo sasamare’y Herodes a maruksa <br> Say ayari laoari’d nonot da <br> Si Herodes so samaren da <br> Anghil balet so angibaga <br> Anghil balet so angibaga <br> Ya aleg ya onsamar ira <br> Ya aleg ya onsamar ira <br> Dia’d saman a pantatalaran <br> Nen arin Herodes a duksaan <br> Pasnuk to’y sankabalgan <br> Pasnuk to’y sankabalgan <br> Basallos to ‘ra’y ginanggan <br> Basallos to ‘ra’y ginanggan 355 2875 2006-11-22T14:34:10Z 202.71.92.74 /* Saray Nagawa */ ==Saray Nagawa== ''Events'' * [[Doypo (meeting) na Batch 98, PNHS]] * [[Reunion na Kaluyagan nen Palaris]] ==Saray Inianak== ''Birthday'' ==Agew na Letnegan== ''Foundation Day'' ==Anniversary== ==Saray Inatey== ''Death'' [[Category:21 siglo]] [[af:2006]] [[als:2006]] [[am:2006 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:2006]] [[an:2006]] [[ast:2006]] [[zh-min-nan:2006 nî]] [[be:2006]] [[bs:2006]] [[br:2006]] [[bg:2006]] [[ca:2006]] [[cv:2006]] [[cs:2006]] [[co:2006]] [[cy:2006]] [[da:2006]] [[de:2006]] [[et:2006]] [[el:2006]] [[en:2006]] [[es:2006]] [[eo:2006]] [[eu:2006]] [[fo:2006]] [[fr:2006]] [[fy:2006]] [[fur:2006]] [[ga:2006]] [[gl:2006]] [[ko:2006년]] [[hr:2006]] [[io:2006]] [[ilo:2006]] [[id:2006]] [[ia:2006]] [[os:2006]] [[is:2006]] [[it:2006]] [[he:2006]] [[kn:೨೦೦೫]] [[ka:2006]] [[csb:2006]] [[kw:2006]] [[ku:2006]] [[la:2006]] [[lb:2006]] [[lt:2006]] [[li:2006]] [[hu:2006]] [[mk:2006]] [[ml:2006]] [[mi:2006]] [[ms:2006]] [[mo:2006]] [[nl:2006]] [[ja:2006年]] [[nap:2006]] [[no:2006]] [[nn:2006]] [[oc:2006]] [[pap:2006]] [[pl:2006]] [[pt:2006]] [[ro:2006]] [[qu:2006]] [[ru:2006]] [[se:2006]] [[sco:2006]] [[sq:2006]] [[scn:2006]] [[simple:2006]] [[sk:2006]] [[sl:2006]] [[sr:2006]] [[sh:2006]] [[fi:2006]] [[sv:2006]] [[tl:2006]] [[tt:2006]] [[te:2006]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2549]] [[vi:2006]] [[tpi:2006]] [[tr:2006]] [[uk:2006]] [[wa:2006]] [[yi:ה'תשס"ו]] [[zh-yue:2006年]] [[bat-smg:2006]] [[zh:2006年]] [[zu:2006]] 356 983 2006-10-09T22:11:15Z Arikasikis 11 ==Saray Inianak== ''Birthday'' ==Niduman Agew== ''Special Day'' ==Agew na Letnegan== ''Foundation Day'' ==Anniversary== [[Category: Bilang na Agew]] 357 984 2006-10-09T22:11:29Z Arikasikis 11 358 980 2006-10-09T22:08:46Z Arikasikis 11 ==Saray Inianak== ''Birthday'' ==Niduman Agew== ''Special Day'' * [[Balon Taon]] ==Agew na Letnegan== ''Foundation Day'' ==Anniversary== [[Category: Bilang na Agew]] 359 981 2006-10-09T22:09:13Z Arikasikis 11 ==Saray Inianak== ''Birthday'' ==Niduman Agew== ''Special Day'' * [[Agew na saray San-enaro]] ==Agew na Letnegan== ''Foundation Day'' ==Anniversary== [[Category: Bilang na Agew]] 360 982 2006-10-09T22:10:05Z Arikasikis 11 ==Saray Inianak== ''Birthday'' * [[San Juan Bautista]] ==Niduman Agew== ''Special Day'' ==Agew na Letnegan== ''Foundation Day'' ==Anniversary== [[Category: Bilang na Agew]] 361 988 2006-10-09T22:16:09Z Arikasikis 11 Say Luzon so sankabalgan ya [[isla]] ed [[Filipinas]]. 362 993 2006-10-10T18:48:31Z Arikasikis 11 Nipakar ed {{SITENAME}} 363 994 2006-10-10T18:50:25Z Arikasikis 11 Amin ya bolong 364 995 2006-10-10T18:59:23Z Arikasikis 11 Bolong: 365 996 2006-10-10T19:05:07Z Arikasikis 11 Kompirmaen so panbural 366 997 2006-10-10T19:05:48Z Arikasikis 11 Aga naipawet so confirmation mail. Check address for invalid characters. 367 998 2006-10-10T19:06:58Z Arikasikis 11 Aga naekal so item '$1'... 368 999 2006-10-10T19:11:33Z Arikasikis 11 binural so "[[$1]]" 369 1000 2006-10-10T19:13:13Z Arikasikis 11 Pakabat 370 1001 2006-10-10T19:20:09Z Arikasikis 11 Anggapoy laman na bolong 371 1002 2006-10-10T19:21:34Z Arikasikis 11 Ngaran 372 1003 2006-10-10T19:22:32Z Arikasikis 11 Ula! 373 1004 2006-10-10T19:31:32Z Arikasikis 11 Ula ed bolong 374 1005 2006-10-10T19:33:22Z Arikasikis 11 utet 375 1006 2006-10-10T19:34:10Z Arikasikis 11 Andokoy ran bolong 376 1007 2006-10-10T19:34:52Z Arikasikis 11 Ula 377 1008 2006-10-10T19:36:12Z Arikasikis 11 Iyales so bolong 378 1009 2006-10-10T19:39:59Z Arikasikis 11 Iyales so bolong 379 1010 2006-10-10T19:40:39Z Arikasikis 11 Say bolong ko 380 1011 2006-10-10T19:43:04Z Arikasikis 11 amin 381 1012 2006-10-10T19:45:20Z Arikasikis 11 Balon bolong 382 1013 2006-10-10T19:46:16Z Arikasikis 11 Balo ran bolong 383 1014 2006-10-10T19:48:01Z Arikasikis 11 Balon password: 384 1015 2006-10-10T19:49:44Z Arikasikis 11 Balon user 385 1016 2006-10-10T19:50:28Z Arikasikis 11 Ontombok ya page ($1) 386 1017 2006-10-10T19:52:00Z Arikasikis 11 Say ayan bolong: otet ya binalo nen $2, $1. 387 1018 2006-10-10T19:53:13Z Arikasikis 11 Iyales yan bolong 388 1021 2006-10-10T21:07:01Z Arikasikis 11 Oh, Pilipinas, <br> Dalin min kagal-galang <br> Musia na dayat,<br> Ed dapit letakan <br> Simpey gayagan,<br> Panag-ugagepan day<br> Totoon lapag,<br> Ed dapit-seslekan. <br> Saray anak mo agda<br> Kawananen ya ibagat ed sika'y<br> Dilin bilay da no<br> Nakaukulay galang tan ka-inaoan <br> Diad palandey, lawak, taquel,<br> Dayat o no dia ed lawang<br> Sugbaen day patey ya andi<br> Dua-rua no sikay pan-sengegan. <br> Diad silong na laylay mo mankaka-sakey<br> Tan diad sika man-lingkor tan mangi-agel<br> Bangta dia'd akualan mo aneng-neng day silew<br> Diad akualan mo muet akuen day patey. 389 1027 2006-10-11T20:40:20Z Arikasikis 11 Tuwan ngaran *: 390 1028 2006-10-11T20:42:25Z Arikasikis 11 Walay $1 ($2). 391 1029 2006-10-11T20:43:20Z Arikasikis 11 Agawa la. 392 1030 2006-10-11T20:47:04Z Arikasikis 11 Bantayan yan bolong 393 1031 2006-10-11T20:47:53Z Arikasikis 11 Bantayan yan bolong 394 1032 2006-10-11T20:49:44Z Arikasikis 11 Bantayan yan bolong 395 1033 2006-10-11T20:51:28Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so tongtongan 396 1034 2006-10-11T20:57:00Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so inekal ran bolong 397 1035 2006-10-11T20:58:13Z Arikasikis 11 Naynay 398 1036 2006-10-11T20:59:57Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so inekal ran bolong 399 1037 2006-10-11T21:02:20Z Arikasikis 11 Manpa-awit na e-mail ed siak no abalo may sakey ya bolong ya babantayan ko 400 1038 2006-10-11T21:03:44Z Arikasikis 11 Pantongtongan yan bolong 401 1039 2006-10-11T21:06:26Z Arikasikis 11 Unaan ya bolong 402 1040 2006-10-11T21:06:52Z Arikasikis 11 Otet ya bolong 403 1041 2006-10-11T21:07:45Z Arikasikis 11 Sankadaanan 404 1042 2006-10-11T21:08:33Z Arikasikis 11 Sankabaloan 405 1043 2006-10-11T21:09:30Z Arikasikis 11 Listaan na saray Wikimedia wiki 406 1044 2006-10-11T21:10:36Z Arikasikis 11 Ipanengneng 407 1045 2006-10-11T21:11:53Z Arikasikis 11 Antikey ran bolong 408 1046 2006-10-12T00:23:22Z Koavf 17 [[:en:User:Koavf|!!!!!]] 409 1049 2006-10-13T20:21:31Z Arikasikis 11 Ipanengneng ray bolong ya manlapod: 410 1050 2006-10-13T20:22:05Z Arikasikis 11 $1 anggad $2 411 1051 2006-10-13T20:24:17Z Arikasikis 11 Click dia 412 1052 2006-10-13T20:26:50Z Arikasikis 11 Nakaukulan mo ya $1 umpian nabalo o nadagdagan ray bolong. 413 1053 2006-10-13T20:28:58Z Arikasikis 11 amin 414 1054 2006-10-13T20:30:23Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so $1? 415 1055 2006-10-13T20:32:23Z Arikasikis 11 Insegep ran file 416 1056 2006-10-13T20:35:39Z Arikasikis 11 Ula 417 1057 2006-10-13T20:36:32Z Arikasikis 11 Ontombok ya bolong 418 1059 2006-10-13T21:07:02Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_agno.png|right|Mapa na Pangasinan ya nanengnengan na lugar na Agno]] Say '''Agno''': sakey ya [[baley]] ed [[luyag na Pangasinan]]. Onong ed [[2000]] census, walay population to ya 25,077 ya too diad 5,493 ya pamilya. ==Listaan na Barangay== Walay 17 ya [[barangay]] ed [[baley]] na Agno. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * [[Allabon]] * [[Aloleng]] * [[Bangan-Oda]] * [[Baruan]] * [[Boboy]] * [[Cayungnan]] * [[Dangley]] * [[Gayusan]] * [[Macaboboni]] </td><td valign=top> * [[Magsaysay]] * [[Namatucan]] * [[Patar]] * [[Poblacion East]] * [[Poblacion West]] * [[San Juan]] * [[Tupa]] * [[Viga]] </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph: Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.agno.pangasinan.info Agno, Pangasinan website] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Baley na Pangasinan]] [[en:Agno, Pangasinan]] [[de:Agno (Pangasinan)]] [[ilo:Agno, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Agno (Pangasinan)]] [[pam:Agno, Pangasinan]] 419 1244 2006-10-18T00:17:21Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_lingayen.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of Lingayen]] '''Lingayen''' is a 1st class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]] on the island of [[Luzon]] in the [[Philippines]]. It is the capital municipality of Pangasinan. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 88,891 people in 16,467 households. The town was the site of the amphibious landing of U.S. liberation forces under General Douglas MacArthur on 8-9 January 1945, from which U.S. forces punctured the Japanese defenses on Luzon Island and rescued American and allied prisoners of war interned at the University of Sto. Tomas campus in Manila. Lingayen is the birthplace of former [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Fidel V. Ramos]]. Lingayen is the home for world-class products such as [[bocayo]] and [[bagoong]]. Also in this municipality lies the popular Lingayen Beach. ==Barangays== Lingayen is politically subdivided into 32 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Aliwekwek * Baay * Balangobong * Balococ * Bantayan * Basing * Capandanan * Domalandan Center * Domalandan East * Domalandan West * Dorongan </td><td valign=top> * Dulag * Estanza * Lasip * Libsong East * Libsong West * Malawa * Malimpuec * Maniboc * Matalava * Naguelguel * Namolan </td><td valign=top> * Pangapisan North * Pangapisan Sur * Poblacion * Quibaol * Rosario * Sabangan * Talogtog * Tonton * Tumbar * Wawa </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:Lingayen]] [[ilo:Lingayen, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Lingayen]] 420 1076 2006-10-14T18:41:14Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Charles Darwin.jpg|thumb|right|Charles Darwin]] [[ar:تشارلز داروين]] [[ast:Charles Darwin]] [[az:Çarlz Robert Darvin]] [[bg:Чарлз Дарвин]] [[bn:চার্ল্‌স্‌ ডারউইন]] [[bs:Charles Darwin]] [[ca:Charles Robert Darwin]] [[cs:Charles Darwin]] [[cy:Charles Darwin]] [[de:Charles Darwin]] [[el:Κάρολος Δαρβίνος]] [[en:Charles Darwin]] [[eo:Charles Darwin]] [[es:Charles Darwin]] [[et:Charles Darwin]] [[eu:Charles Darwin]] [[fa:چارلز داروین]] [[fi:Charles Darwin]] [[fr:Charles Darwin]] [[fy:Charles Darwin]] [[ga:Charles Darwin]] [[gd:Charles Darwin]] [[gl:Charles Darwin]] [[he:צ'ארלס דרווין]] [[hi:चार्ल्स डार्विन]] [[hr:Charles Darwin]] [[hu:Charles Darwin]] [[hy:Շարլ Դարվին]] [[id:Charles Darwin]] [[io:Charles Darwin]] [[is:Charles Darwin]] [[it:Charles Darwin]] [[ja:チャールズ・ダーウィン]] [[kn:ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ಡಾರ್ವಿನ್]] [[ko:찰스 다윈]] [[ku:Charles Darwin]] [[la:Carolus Darwin]] [[lb:Charles Darwin]] [[lt:Čarlzas Darvinas]] [[lv:Čārlzs Darvins]] [[mk:Чарлс Дарвин]] [[mr:चार्ल्स डार्विन]] [[ms:Charles Darwin]] [[nl:Charles Darwin]] [[nn:Charles Darwin]] [[no:Charles Darwin]] [[oc:Charles Darwin]] [[pl:Charles Darwin]] [[pt:Charles Darwin]] [[ro:Charles Darwin]] [[ru:Дарвин, Чарлз Роберт]] [[scn:Charles Darwin]] [[sco:Charles Darwin]] [[sh:Čarls Darvin]] [[simple:Charles Darwin]] [[sk:Charles Robert Darwin]] [[sl:Charles Darwin]] [[sq:Charles Darwin]] [[sr:Чарлс Дарвин]] [[sv:Charles Darwin]] [[ta:சார்லஸ் டார்வின்]] [[tg:Чарлз Дарвин]] [[th:ชาลส์ ดาร์วิน]] [[tl:Charles Darwin]] [[tr:Charles Darwin]] [[uk:Дарвін Чарльз Роберт]] [[vi:Charles Darwin]] [[yi:טשארלס דארווין]] [[zh:查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文]] [[zh-yue:達爾文]] 421 1080 2006-10-14T18:44:50Z Arikasikis 11 [[ar:توماس إديسون]] [[ast:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[bg:Томас Едисън]] [[bn:টমাস আলভা এডিসন]] [[bs:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[ca:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[cs:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[de:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[en:Thomas Edison]] [[eo:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[es:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[eu:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[fa:توماس ادیسون]] [[fi:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[fr:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[gl:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[he:תומאס אלווה אדיסון]] [[hr:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[hu:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[id:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[is:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[it:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[ja:トーマス・エジソン]] [[ka:ედისონი, თომას ალვა]] [[ko:토머스 에디슨]] [[la:Thomas Edison]] [[lt:Tomas Edisonas]] [[lv:Tomass Edisons]] [[mk:Томас Алва Едисон]] [[mn:Томас Альва Эдисон]] [[mr:थॉमस अल्वा एडिसन]] [[ms:Thomas Edison]] [[nl:Thomas Edison]] [[nn:Thomas Edison]] [[no:Thomas Edison]] [[pl:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[pt:Thomas Edison]] [[ro:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[ru:Эдисон, Томас Алва]] [[scn:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[sco:Thomas Edison]] [[sh:Tomas Alva Edison]] [[simple:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[sk:Thomas Edison]] [[sl:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[sq:Thomas Edison]] [[sr:Томас Алва Едисон]] [[sv:Thomas Edison]] [[ta:தொமஸ் அல்வா எடிசன்]] [[th:โทมัส เอดิสัน]] [[tl:Thomas Edison]] [[tr:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[uk:Едісон Томас]] [[vi:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[zh:托马斯·爱迪生]] [[zh-yue:愛迪生]] 422 1081 2006-10-14T18:45:45Z Arikasikis 11 [[af:Albert Einstein]] [[als:Albert Einstein]] [[an:Albert Einstein]] [[ar:ألبرت آينشتاين]] [[ast:Albert Einstein]] [[az:Albert Eynşteyn]] [[be:Альбэрт Айнштайн]] [[bg:Алберт Айнщайн]] [[bm:Albert Einstein]] [[bn:আলবার্ট আইনস্টাইন]] [[br:Albert Einstein]] [[bs:Albert Einstein]] [[ca:Albert Einstein]] [[cs:Albert Einstein]] [[de:Albert Einstein]] [[el:Άλμπερτ Αϊνστάιν]] [[en:Albert Einstein]] [[eo:Albert Einstein]] [[es:Albert Einstein]] [[et:Albert Einstein]] [[eu:Albert Einstein]] [[fa:آلبرت اینشتین]] [[fi:Albert Einstein]] [[fr:Albert Einstein]] [[ga:Albert Einstein]] [[gd:Albert Einstein]] [[gl:Albert Einstein]] [[he:אלברט איינשטיין]] [[hi:ऐल्बर्ट आइनस्टाइन]] [[hr:Albert Einstein]] [[hu:Albert Einstein]] [[hy:Էյնշտեյն Ալբերտ]] [[ia:Albert Einstein]] [[id:Albert Einstein]] [[ilo:Albert Einstein]] [[io:Albert Einstein]] [[is:Albert Einstein]] [[it:Albert Einstein]] [[ja:アルベルト・アインシュタイン]] [[jbo:albert.ainctain]] [[jv:Albert Einstein]] [[ka:აინშტაინი, ალბერტ]] [[kn:ಆಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ ಐನ್‍ಸ್ಟೀನ್]] [[ko:알베르트 아인슈타인]] [[ksh:Albert Einstein]] [[ku:Albert Einstein]] [[la:Albertus Einstein]] [[lad:Albert Einstein]] [[lb:Albert Einstein]] [[lmo:Albert Einstein]] [[lt:Albertas Einšteinas]] [[lv:Alberts Einšteins]] [[mk:Алберт Ајнштајн]] [[mr:अल्बर्ट आईन्स्टाईन]] [[ms:Albert Einstein]] [[nds:Albert Einstein]] [[nl:Albert Einstein]] [[nn:Albert Einstein]] [[no:Albert Einstein]] [[os:Эйнштейн, Альберт]] [[pl:Albert Einstein]] [[pt:Albert Einstein]] [[qu:Albert Einstein]] [[ro:Albert Einstein]] [[ru:Эйнштейн, Альберт]] [[scn:Albert Einstein]] [[sco:Albert Einstein]] [[sh:Albert Einstein]] [[simple:Albert Einstein]] [[sk:Albert Einstein]] [[sl:Albert Einstein]] [[sq:Albert Einstein]] [[sr:Алберт Ајнштајн]] [[sv:Albert Einstein]] [[ta:அல்பர்ட் ஐன்ஸ்டீன்]] [[th:อัลเบิร์ต ไอน์สไตน์]] [[tl:Albert Einstein]] [[tpi:Albert Einstein]] [[tr:Albert Einstein]] [[tt:Albert Einstein]] [[uk:Альберт Ейнштейн]] [[vi:Albert Einstein]] [[wo:Albert Einstein]] [[yi:אלבערט איינשטיין]] [[zh:阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦]] [[zh-yue:愛因斯坦]] 425 1084 2006-10-14T18:50:20Z Arikasikis 11 Pangulo na Afghanistan 436 1119 2006-10-14T20:53:36Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country| |native_name = د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت<br />''Da Afġānistān Islāmī jomhoriyat''<br> جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان'''<br>'''''jomhoriye-e Eslāmī-ye Afġānistān'' |conventional_long_name = Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |common_name = Afghanistan |image_flag = Flag of Afghanistan.svg |image_coat = Afghanistan COA.png |symbol_type=Simbolo |image_map = LocationAfghanistan.png |national_motto = none |national_anthem = ''[[Soroud-e-Melli]]'' |official_languages = [[Pashto]], [[Dari (Afghanistan)|Persian (Dari)]]^[1] |capital = [[Kabul]] |latd=34|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=69|longm=08|longEW=E |largest_city = [[Kabul]] |government_type = [[Islamic Republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Afghanistan|Pangolo]] |leader_title2 = [[Kumadwan pangolo|Kumadwan Pangolo]] |leader_name1 = [[Hamid Karzai]] |leader_name2 = [[Ahmad Zia Massoud]] |leader_title3 = [[Kumadwan pangolo|Kumadwan Pangolo]] |leader_name3 = [[Karim Khalili]] |area_rank = 40th |area_magnitude = 1_E11 |area = 647,500 |areami² = 250,001<!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water = N/A | |population_estimate = 29,863,000 |population_estimate_year = 2005 |population_estimate_rank = 38th |population_census = 13,051,358 |population_census_year = 1979 |population_density = 43 |population_densitymi² = 111<!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank= ika-125 |GDP_PPP_year= 2006 |GDP_PPP = $31.9 bilyon |GDP_PPP_rank = 91st |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,310 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ika-162 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI = NA |HDI_rank = aga ni alista |HDI_category = <font color=gray>NA</font> |sovereignty_type = [[Kawayangen]] |sovereignty_note = manlapod impluensya na [[United Kingdom|UK]] |established_event1 = Bilang na Agew |established_date1 = [[August 19]], [[1919]] |currency = [[Afghani (kwarta)|Afghani <small>(Af)</small>]] |currency_code = AFN |country_code = AFG |time_zone = |utc_offset = +4:30 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +4:30 |cctld = [[.af]] |calling_code = 93 |footnotes =^[1] onong ed [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/af.html CIA - The World Factbook - Afghanistan] }} Sakey ya dalin ed [[Pegley Asia]] so '''Afghanistan''' ([[Pashtu]]/[[Dari-Persian]]: افغانستان, ''Afğānistān''). Saray kabay toran dalin: [[Iran]] diad sagor; [[Pakistan]] diad abalaten san bokig; [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] san [[Tajikistan]] diad baybay; san [[China]] diad sankabokigan na dalin. {{stub}} {{Central Asia}} [[Category:saray dalin ed Asya]] [[af:Afghanistan]] [[als:Afghanistan]] [[an:Afganistán]] [[ar:أفغانستان]] [[ast:Afganistán]] [[az:Əfqanıstan]] [[bg:Афганистан]] [[bn:আফগানিস্তান]] [[br:Afghanistan]] [[bs:Afganistan]] [[ca:Afganistan]] [[cs:Afghánistán]] [[cv:Афганистан]] [[cy:Afghanistan]] [[da:Afghanistan]] [[de:Afghanistan]] [[dv:އައްފާނިސްތާން]] [[el:Αφγανιστάν]] [[en:Afghanistan]] [[eo:Afganio]] [[es:Afganistán]] [[et:Afganistan]] [[eu:Afganistan]] [[fa:افغانستان]] [[fi:Afganistan]] [[fr:Afghanistan]] [[fur:Afghanistan]] [[fy:Afganistan]] [[ga:An Afganastáin]] [[gd:Afghanistan]] [[gl:Afganistán - افغانستان]] [[gu:અફઘાનિસ્તાન]] [[he:אפגניסטן]] [[hi:अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान]] [[hr:Afganistan]] [[ht:Afganistan]] [[hu:Afganisztán]] [[hy:Աֆղանստան]] [[ia:Afghanistan]] [[id:Afganistan]] [[ilo:Afganistan]] [[io:Afganistan]] [[is:Afganistan]] [[it:Afghanistan]] [[ja:アフガニスタン]] [[ka:ავღანეთი]] [[km:អាហ្វហ្គានីស្តង់]] [[ko:아프가니스탄]] [[ku:Efxanistan]] [[kw:Afghanistan]] [[la:Afgania]] [[lb:Afghanistan]] [[li:Afganistan]] [[lt:Afganistanas]] [[lv:Afganistāna]] [[mk:Авганистан]] [[ml:അഫ്ഗാനിസ്ഥാന്‍]] [[mo:Афганистан]] [[ms:Afghanistan]] [[na:Afganistan]] [[nds:Afghanistan]] [[nl:Afghanistan]] [[nn:Afghanistan]] [[no:Afghanistan]] [[oc:Afganistan]] [[os:Афгъанистан]] [[pam:Afghanistan]] [[pl:Afganistan]] [[ps:افغانستان]] [[pt:Afeganistão]] [[ro:Afganistan]] [[ru:Афганистан]] [[sa:अफगानस्थान]] [[scn:Afganistàn]] [[se:Afghanistan]] [[sh:Afganistan]] [[simple:Afghanistan]] [[sk:Afganistan]] [[sl:Afganistan]] [[sq:Afganistani]] [[sr:Авганистан]] [[sv:Afghanistan]] [[ta:ஆப்கானிஸ்தான்]] [[tet:Afeganistaun]] [[tg:Афғонистон]] [[th:ประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน]] [[tk:Owganystan]] [[tr:Afganistan]] [[udm:Афганистан]] [[ug:ئافغانىستان]] [[uk:Афганістан]] [[uz:Afg`oniston]] [[vi:Afghanistan]] [[zh:阿富汗]] [[zh-min-nan:Afghanistan]] 437 1129 2006-10-14T21:50:21Z Arikasikis 11 <div style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: auto; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;"> <!-- start of floated right section --> <div style="border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; width: 24em; background: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;"> <!-- start of slate grey box --> {| style="background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 135%; padding-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1.1em;" | '''{{{native_name}}}'''{{#if:{{{conventional_long_name|}}}|<br />'''{{{conventional_long_name|}}}'''}} |- style="border-top-style: hidden;" | colspan="2" | {| style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;" |- | style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;" | <span style="border: 1px solid #bbbbbb; display: table-cell;">[[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Laylay na {{{common_name}}}]]</span> | style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;" | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|{{{symbol_type|Simbolo}}} na {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="font-size: 95%;" | style="border: 0;text-align: center;" | [[Laylay na {{{common_name}}}|Laylay]] | style="border: 0;text-align: center;" | [[{{{symbol_type_article|{{{symbol_type|Simbolo}}}}}} na {{{common_name}}}|{{{symbol_type|Simbolo}}}]] |} {{#if: {{{national_motto|}}} | {{!}}- <!----- Motto -----> {{!}} colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" {{!}} [[Listaan na saray motto|Motto]]: {{{national_motto}}} }} |- <!----- Anthem -----> | colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" | [[Kansion na Dalin]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |- <!----- Map -----> | colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|250px|center|Lokasyon ng {{{common_name}}}]] |- <!----- Capital -----> | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | '''[[Listaan na saray kabesera na saray dalin|Kabesera]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | {{{capital}}}<br /> <small>{{coor dm|{{{latd}}}|{{{latm}}}|{{{latNS}}}|{{{longd}}}|{{{longm}}}|{{{longEW}}}|type:country({{{area}}})}}</small> |- <!----- Largest city-----> | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Demography na {{{common_name}}}|{{{largest_settlement_type|Sankabalgan ya siyudad}}}]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | {{{largest_settlement|{{{largest_city}}}}}} |- <!----- Official language(s) -----> | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Salita ya uusarin na gobiyerno]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | {{{official_languages}}} |- <!----- Government -----> | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed sayan ocsoy na gobiyerno|Gobiyerno]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top;" | {{{government_type}}} |- {{#if:{{{leader_titles|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left;" {{!}} {{{leader_titles}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left;" {{!}} {{{leader_names}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{leader_title1}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{leader_name1}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{leader_title2}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{leader_name2}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{leader_title3|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{leader_title3}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{leader_name3}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{leader_title4|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{leader_title4}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{leader_name4}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{leader_title5|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{leader_title5}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{leader_name5}}} }} |- <!----- Sovereignty type, events -----> {{#if:{{{established_event1|}}}{{{sovereignty_note|}}} | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}''' {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top;" {{!}} {{{sovereignty_note|}}}&nbsp; {{!}}- | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}'''<br />{{{established_events}}} {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" {{!}} {{{established_dates}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event1|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{established_event1}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date1|}}}&nbsp; {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event2|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{established_event2}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date2|}}}&nbsp; {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event3|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{established_event3}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date3|}}}&nbsp; {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event4|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{established_event4}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date4|}}}&nbsp; {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event5|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{established_event5}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date5|}}}&nbsp; {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event6|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} &nbsp;- {{{established_event6}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date6|}}}&nbsp; {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{accessionEUdate|}}} | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''[[European Union|Accession to EU]]''' {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" {{!}} {{{accessionEUdate|}}} }} |- <!----- Area -----> | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed awang|Awang]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; " | &nbsp; |- style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left;" | &nbsp;- Katiponan || [[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}}&nbsp;km&sup2;]]&nbsp;([[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed awang|{{{area_rank}}}]]) {{ #if: {{{areami²|}}} | {{!}}- style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left;" {{!}} &nbsp; {{!}}{{!}} {{{areami²}}}&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp; }} |- | style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left;" | &nbsp;- Danom (%) || {{{percent_water}}} |- <!----- Population -----> | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed bilang na too|Bilang na Too]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | &nbsp; |- | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left;" | &nbsp;- Nen {{{population_estimate_year}}} || {{{population_estimate}}}&nbsp;([[Listaan na bilang na too|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]]) |- {{#if: {{{population_census|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" {{!}} &nbsp;- Census nen {{{population_census_year}}} {{!}} {{{population_census}}} }} |- | style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | &nbsp;- [[Density na bilang na too|Density]] | style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | {{{population_density}}}/km&sup2;&nbsp;([[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed density na bilang na too|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]){{ #if: {{{population_densitymi²|}}} | <br />{{{population_densitymi²}}}/sq&nbsp;mi&nbsp; }} |- <!----- Economy -----> {{ #if: {{{economy|}}} | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''[[Economy]]''' {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{economy}}} {{!}}- }} <!----- GDP -----> {{ #if: {{{GDP_PPP|}}} | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''[[Gross domestic product{{!}}GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity{{!}}PPP]]) {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} Nen {{{GDP_PPP_year}}} {{!}}-style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" {{!}} &nbsp;- Katiponan {{!}}{{!}} {{{GDP_PPP}}}&nbsp;([[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed GDP (PPP){{!}}{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]]) {{!}}- {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" {{!}} &nbsp;- Per capita {{!}}{{!}} {{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}}&nbsp;([[Listaan na saray bansa onong ed GDP (PPP) per capita{{!}}{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) {{!}}- }} <!----- HDI -----> {{ #if: {{{HDI|}}} | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''[[Human Development Index{{!}}HDI]]''' ({{{HDI_year}}}) {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{HDI}}}&nbsp;([[Tala ng bansa ayon sa Human Development Index{{!}}{{{HDI_rank}}}]])&nbsp;–&nbsp;{{{HDI_category}}} }} |- <!----- Currency -----> | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Kwarta]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |- <!----- Time zone -----> | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Zone na oras]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}}) |- style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" {{#if: {{{utc_offset_DST|}}} | {{!}}&nbsp;- Summer&nbsp;([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) {{!}}{{{DST|{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}})}}}}} |- style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" {{#if:{{{DST_note|}}} | {{!}}&nbsp; {{!}}{{!}} {{{DST_note}}}}} |- <!----- Internet TLD -----> | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Listaan na saray Internet top-level domain|Internet TLD]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | {{{cctld}}} |- <!----- Calling code -----> | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Listaan na saray calling code na saray dalin|Calling code]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |- <!----- footnotes -----> {{#if: {{{footnotes|}}} | {{!}} colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{footnotes|}}} }} |} </div> <!-- end of slate grey box --> </div> 438 1114 2006-10-14T20:27:30Z Arikasikis 11 |<noinclude> {{/doc}}</noinclude> 439 1112 2006-10-14T20:24:13Z Arikasikis 11 {{coor|{{{1}}}_{{{2}}}_{{{3}}}_{{{4}}}_{{{5}}}_{{{6}}}_{{{7}}}|{{{1}}}°{{{2}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{3}}} {{{4}}}°{{{5}}}&prime;&nbsp;{{{6}}}}} 440 1113 2006-10-14T20:24:37Z Arikasikis 11 [http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{1}}} {{{2}}}] 441 1121 2006-10-14T20:57:02Z Arikasikis 11 Diad English say labay na ibaga na kawayangen: independence. 442 1147 2006-10-14T22:37:44Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country| common_name = Austria| native_name = ''Republik Österreich''| conventional_long_name = Republic of Austria| image_flag = Flag of Austria.svg| image_coat = Austria Bundesadler.svg| image_map = LocationAustria.png| national_motto = anggapo| national_anthem = ''[[Land der Berge, Land am Strome]]''<br>("Land of Mountains, Land on the River")| official_languages = [[Salitan German|German]] (official)<br>[[Salitan Slovenian|Slovenian]]&nbsp;([[Salitan para region|reg.]]) [[Salitan Croatian|Croatian]]&nbsp;(reg.) [[Salitan Hungarian|Hungarian]]&nbsp;(reg.) <br>[[Austrian Sign Language]]&nbsp;| capital = [[Vienna]]| latd=48|latm=12|latNS=N|longd=16|longm=21|longEW=E| largest_city = Vienna| government_type = [[Republic]]| leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Federal na Austria|Pangolo]] | leader_title2 = [[Chancellor na Austria|Chancellor]]| leader_name1 = [[Heinz Fischer]] | leader_name2 = [[Wolfgang Schüssel]]| sovereignty_type = [[Austrian State Treaty|Kawayangen]]| established_date1 = [[October 26]], [[1955]] | established_event1 = [[Austrian State Treaty]] | accessionEUdate = [[January 1]], [[1995]]| area = 83,871| area_rank = kuma-113| area_magnitude = 1 E10| percent_water = 1.3| areami² = 32,383|<!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> population_estimate = 8,189,000| population_estimate_year= 2005| population_estimate_rank= kuma-92| population_density = 97| population_density_rank = kuma-78| population_densitymi² = 251|<!-- Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> population_census = 8,032,926| population_census_year = 2001| GDP_PPP = $267 billion| GDP_PPP_year = 2005| GDP_PPP_rank = ika-34| GDP_nominal = $318 billion| GDP_nominal_year = 2005| GDP_nominal_rank = kuma-22| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $32,962| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ika-8| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $39,292| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=kuma-10| HDI_year = 2003| HDI = 0.936| HDI_rank = kuma-17| HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font>| currency = [[Austrian euro coins|Euro]]^[1]| currency_code = EUR| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]| utc_offset = +1| time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]| utc_offset_DST = +2| cctld = [[.at]]| calling_code = 43| footnotes = ^[1] Balo 2002: Austrian [[Schilling]]| }} Sakey ya dalin ed [[Pegley na Europe]] so '''Austria''' (/ós·tri·ya/) ay isang bansa sa [[Gitnang Europa]]. [[Vienna]] so kabesera to.Aliktoben na saray dalin na [[Germany]] tan [[Czech Republic]] ed baybay, [[Slovakia]] tan [[Hungary]] ed bokig, [[Slovenia]] tan [[Italy]] ed abalaten, san [[Switzerland]] tan [[Liechtenstein]] ed sagor. {{stub}}{{EU countries and candidates}} {{Europe}} [[Category:Saray dalin ed Europa]] [[Category:Austria]] [[af:Oostenryk]] [[als:Österreich]] [[am:ኦስትሪያ]] [[an:Austria]] [[ang:Ēastrīce]] [[ar:نمسا]] [[arc:ܢܡܣܐ]] [[ast:Austria]] [[be:Аўстрыя]] [[bg:Австрия]] [[bn:অস্ট্রিয়া]] [[br:Aostria]] [[bs:Austrija]] [[ca:Àustria]] [[cs:Rakousko]] [[cy:Awstria]] [[da:Østrig]] [[de:Österreich]] [[el:Αυστρία]] [[en:Austria]] [[eo:Aŭstrio]] [[es:Austria]] [[et:Austria]] [[eu:Austria]] [[fa:اتریش]] [[fi:Itävalta]] [[fiu-vro:Austria]] [[fo:Eysturríki]] [[fr:Autriche]] [[fur:Austrie]] [[fy:Eastenryk]] [[ga:An Ostair]] [[gd:An Ostair]] [[gl:Austria - Österreich]] [[gu:ઑસ્ટ્રિયા]] [[he:אוסטריה]] [[hi:ऑस्ट्रिया]] [[hr:Austrija]] [[hu:Ausztria]] [[hy:Ավստրիա]] [[ia:Austria]] [[id:Austria]] [[io:Austria]] [[is:Austurríki]] [[it:Austria]] [[ja:オーストリア]] [[ka:ავსტრია]] [[km:អូត្រីហ្ស]] [[ko:오스트리아]] [[ku:Avûstûrya]] [[kw:Estrych]] [[la:Austria]] [[lb:Éisträich]] [[li:Oesteriek]] [[lt:Austrija]] [[lv:Austrija]] [[mk:Австрија]] [[ms:Austria]] [[mt:Awstrija]] [[na:Austria]] [[nds:Öösterriek]] [[nds-nl:Oostnriek]] [[ne:अष्ट्रीया]] [[nl:Oostenrijk]] [[nn:Austerrike]] [[no:Østerrike]] [[nrm:Autriche]] [[oc:Àustria]] [[os:Австри]] [[pam:Austria]] [[pdc:Eestereich]] [[pl:Austria]] [[ps:اطريش]] [[pt:Áustria]] [[rm:Austria]] [[ro:Austria]] [[ru:Австрия]] [[sa:आस्ट्रिया]] [[scn:Austria]] [[se:Nuortariika]] [[sh:Austrija]] [[simple:Austria]] [[sk:Rakúsko]] [[sl:Avstrija]] [[sq:Austria]] [[sr:Аустрија]] [[sv:Österrike]] [[ta:ஆஸ்திரியா]] [[tet:Áustria]] [[th:ประเทศออสเตรีย]] [[tr:Avusturya]] [[ug:ئاۋسترىيە]] [[uk:Австрія]] [[vi:Áo]] [[yi:עסטרייך]] [[zh:奥地利]] [[zh-min-nan:Tang-kok]] 443 1135 2006-10-14T21:59:03Z Arikasikis 11 {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+ <big>'''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'''</big> |- | align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background: #f9f9f9; text-align: center;" | width="130px" | [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|125px|Laylay na Germany]] | width="130px" | [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|100px|Simbolo na dalin na Germany]] |- | Laylay na Federal || Simbolo na Dalin |} |- | align="center" colspan="2" | ''[[motto]] na dalin: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit<br/>([[Salitan German|German]]: “Pantitipon tan katonongan tan Inkabolos”)'' |- | align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#f9f9f9;" | [[image:LocationGermany.png|Napan-anapan na Germany]] |- | [[Kabesera]] || [[Berlin]] |- | [[Salitan Uusarin na Gobiyerno]] || [[Salitan German|German]]¹ |- | [[Kansion na dalin]] || ''[[Das Lied der Deutschen]]'' |- | valign="top" | Pantitipon<br/><br/>Kumadwan Pantitipon | [[Treaty na Verdun]] ([[843]])<br/>[[Enero 18]], [[1871]]<br/>[[Mayo 23]], [[1949]]<br/>[[October 3]], [[1990]] |- | Kabesera || [[Berlin]] |- | [[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed gobiyerno|Ocsoy na gobiyerno]] || Republic |- | [[Politics na Germany|Saray lider]]<br/>&nbsp;- [[Listaan na saray Chancellor na Germany]]<br/>&nbsp;- [[Listaan na saray Pangolo na Germany|Pangolo]] || <br/>[[Angela Merkel (CDU)]]<br/>[[Horst Köhler]] |- | [[Awang]]<br/>&nbsp;- Katiponan<br/>&nbsp;- % danom || [[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed awang|Kuma-61]]<br/>[[1 E11 m2|349 223 km²]]<br/>2416% |- | [[Bilang na too]]<br/>&nbsp;- Katiponan<br/>&nbsp;- [[Density]] || [[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed bilang na too|Kuma-13]]<br/>83 251 851<br/>238 hab./km² |- | [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]]<br/>&nbsp;- Katiponan ([[2003]])<br/>&nbsp;- GDP/capita || [[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed GDP|kuma-4]]<br/>1.62 billion €<br/>19.714€ |- | [[Kwarta]] || [[Euro]] ([[ISO 4217|€ EUR]])² |- | <i>[[Zone na Oras]]</i><br/>&nbsp;- en [[Oras no tiagew|tiagew]] || [[CET]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+1)<br/>[[CEST]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+2) |- | [[Listaan na saray calling code na saray dalin|Calling Code]] || +49 |- | [[Listaan na saray internet top-level domain|ccTLD]] || [[.de]] |- | align="left" colspan="2" |- Mikabiangan ed: [[UE]], [[UN]], [[NATO]], [[CBSS]] |} Say '''Federal Republic na Germany''' odino ''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'' (diad salitan German), naanap ed [[Pegley na Europe]]. Aliktoben na [[Baybay Dayat]], [[Denmark]] tan [[Baltic Dayat]] ed baybay, [[Poland]] tan [[Czech Republic]] ed bokig, [[Austria]] tan [[Switzerland]] ed abalaten, san [[France]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Belgium]] tan [[Netherlands]] ed sagor. {{stub}}{{EU countries and candidates}} {{Europe}} [[Category:Germany]] [[Category:Saray dalin ed Europe]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[am:ጀርመን]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[arc:ܓܪܡܢ]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[bar:Deutschland]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[csb:Miemieckô]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gd:A' Ghearmailt]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[gv:Yn Ghermaan]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[hy:Գերմանիա]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[ilo:Alemania]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jbo:dotygu'e]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Elmanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[lg:Girimane]] [[li:Duutsjlandj]] [[ln:Alémani]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Teutōtitlan]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[ne:जर्मनी]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pam:Germany]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[pms:Germania]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[qu:Alimaniya]] [[rm:Germania]] [[rmy:Jermaniya]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghermãnia]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Germània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[sco:Germany]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[so:Jarmal]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[su:Jėrman]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[sw:Ujerumani]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[tet:Alemaña]] [[tg:Олмон]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[ty:Heremani]] [[ug:گېرمانىيە]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Olmoniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[vls:Duutsland]] [[vo:Deutän]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[yo:Jámánì]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zh-yue:德國]] [[zu:IJalimani]] 444 1139 2006-10-14T22:12:00Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country| native_name = {{lang|cs|''Česká republika''}} | conventional_long_name = Czech Republic | common_name = Czech Republic | image_flag = Flag of the Czech Republic.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg| image_map = LocationCzechRepublic.png | national_motto = {{lang|cs|''Pravda vítězí''}}<br>([[Czech language|Czech]] para "Say Tua Manalo")| national_anthem = {{lang|cs|''[[Kde domov můj]]''}} | official_languages = [[Czech language|Czech]] | capital = [[Prague]] | latd=50|latm=05|latNS=N|longd=14|longm=28|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Prague]] | government_type= [[Republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Czech Republic|Pangolo]] | leader_title2 = [[Listaan na saray Primon Tagalinkor na Czech Republic|Primon Tagalinkor]] | leader_name1 = [[Václav Klaus]] | leader_name2 = [[Mirek Topolánek]] | accessionEUdate = [[May 1]], [[2004]] | area_rank = kuma-117 | area_magnitude = 1_E10 | area=78,866 | areami² = 30,450 | <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> percent_water = 2.0% | population_estimate = 10,265,231 | population_estimate_year = 2006 | population_estimate_rank = kuma-78 | population_census= 10,230,060 | population_census_year= 2001 | population_density = 130 | population_densitymi² = 337 | <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> population_density_rank=kuma-77 | religion = [[atheism]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] | GDP_PPP_year=2006 | GDP_PPP = $198.93 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] <!--http://imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2006&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=935&S=PPPWGT-PPPPC&RequestTimeout=120&CMP=0&x=70&y=14-->| GDP_PPP_rank = 46th² <!--2005 rank-->| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,478 <!--2006 IMF data-->| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 38th² <!--2005 rank-->| HDI_year = 2003 | HDI = 0.874 | HDI_rank = 31st | HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> | sovereignty_type = [[Formation]] | sovereignty_note = [[9th century]] | established_event1 = [[Kawayangen]] manlapod [[Austria-Hungary]] | established_event2 = [[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia|Dissolution]] na [[Czechoslovakia]] | established_date1 = [[October 28]], [[1918]] | established_date2 = [[January 1]], [[1993]] | currency = [[Czech koruna]] | currency_code = CZK | time_zone= [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset= +1 | time_zone_DST= [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST= +2 | cctld= [[.cz]] ³| calling_code = 420¹ | footnotes = ¹ Shared code 42 with [[Slovakia]] until [[1997]]<br>² Rank based on 2005 IMF data<br>³ also [[.eu]], shared with other [[European Union]] member states. }} Aliktoben na dalin (land) ya naanap ed [[Pegley Europe]] san mikabiangan ed [[European Union]]so '''Czech Republic''' ({{lang-cs|Česká republika}}). Saray dalin (country) ya wadyad gilig to: [[Austria]] ed abalaten, [[Slovakia]] ed bokig, [[Poland]] ed baybay, san [[Germany]] ed baybay-sagor tan sagor. 445 1137 2006-10-14T22:01:37Z Arikasikis 11 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude><span lang="{{{1}}}" xml:lang="{{{1}}}">{{{2}}}</span><noinclude> [[Category:Multilingual support templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[de:Vorlage:lang]] [[es:Plantilla:Lang]] [[ko:Template:lang]] [[ja:Template:lang]] [[zh:Template:lang]] [[zh-yue:Template:lang]]</noinclude> 446 1138 2006-10-14T22:02:42Z Arikasikis 11 {{langWithName|cs|Czech|''{{{1}}}''}}<noinclude> [[Category:Multilingual support templates|Lang-cs]] [[fi:Malline:K-cs]] </noinclude> 447 1140 2006-10-14T22:12:50Z Arikasikis 11 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>[[{{{2}}} language|{{{2}}}]]: {{lang|{{{1}}}|{{{3}}}}}<noinclude>[[Category:Multilingual support templates|{{PAGENAME}}]][[ja:Template:LangWithName]]</noinclude> 448 1141 2006-10-14T22:21:46Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country |native_name = ''Slovenská republika'' |conventional_long_name = Slovak Republic |common_name = Slovakia |image_flag = Flag of Slovakia.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Slovakia.svg |image_map = LocationSlovakia.png |national_motto = anggapo |national_anthem = ''[[Nad Tatrou sa blýska]]''<br>("Kirmat labas na saray Tatra") |official_languages = [[Slovak language|Slovak]] |capital = [[Bratislava]] |latd=48|latm=08|latNS=N|longd=17|longm=06|longEW=E| |largest_city = [[Bratislava]] |government_type = [[Parliamentary democracy]] |leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Slovakia|Pangolo]] |leader_title2 = [[Primon Tagalinkor na Slovakia|Primon Tagalinkor]] |leader_name1 = [[Ivan Gašparovič]] |leader_name2 = [[Robert Fico]] |accessionEUdate = [[May 1]], [[2004]] |area_rank = 130th |area_magnitude =1 E10 |area= 49,036 |areami²=18,933 |percent_water = Negligible |population_estimate = 5,401,000 |population_estimate_rank = 110th |population_estimate_year = July 2005 |population_census = 5,379,455 |population_census_year = 2001 |population_density = 111 |population_densitymi² =287 |population_density_rank = kuma-88 |GDP_PPP = $87.32 billion <!-- cia.gov --> |GDP_PPP_rank = kuma-60 |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $16,041 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = kuma-45 |sovereignty_type = [[Kawayangen]] |sovereignty_note = From [[Czechoslovakia]] |established_event1 = Bilang na Agew |established_date1 = [[January 1]], [[1993]]<ref>[[Czechoslovakia]] split into the [[Czech Republic]] and Slovakia (see [[Velvet Divorce]])</ref> |HDI = 0.849 |HDI_rank = kuma-42 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> |currency = [[Slovak koruna]] |currency_code = SKK |country_code = |time_zone = [[CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.sk]] <ref> also [[.eu]], shared with other [[European Union]] member states.</ref> |calling_code = 421<ref> Shared code 42 with [[Czech Republic]] until [[1997]]</ref> |footnotes = <references /> }} Sakey ya aliktoben na dalin (land) ya naanap ed [[Pegley na Europe]] so '''Slovakia''' ([[Slovak language|Slovak]]: ''Slovensko''). Walay 5 laksa so totoo diad ayan dalin. Mikabiangan met yan dalin ed [[European Union]]. Wadyad sagor to so [[Czech Republic]] tan [[Austria]], baybay to so [[Poland]], bokig to so [[Ukraine]], san abalaten to so [[Hungary]]. Say kabesera to so sankabalgan ton siyudad ya [[Bratislava]]. 449 1142 2006-10-14T22:26:49Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country| |native_name = ''Magyar Köztársaság'' |conventional_long_name = Republic na Hungary |common_name = Hungary |image_flag = Flag of Hungary.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Hungary.png |image_map = Europe_location_HUN.png |national_motto = none<br>Historical: [[Latin]]: ''Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae'' <br>([[English language|English]]: "Kaarian nen Mary ya Patrona na Hungary") |national_anthem = ''[[Himnusz|Himnusz (Isten, áldd meg a magyart)]]''<br> "Hymn (Dios, bless yo ray Hungarian)" |official_languages = [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (''Magyar'') |capital = [[Budapest]] |latd=47 |latm=26 |latNS=N |longd=19 |longm=15 |longEW=E | |largest_city = [[Budapest]] |government_type = [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary]]&nbsp;[[republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Hungary|Pangolo]] |leader_title2 = [[Primon Tagalinkor na Hungary|Primon Tagalinkor]] |leader_name1 = [[László Sólyom]] |leader_name2 = [[Ferenc Gyurcsány]] |accessionEUdate = [[May 1]] [[2004]] |area_rank = 109th |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area = 93,030 |areami²= 35,919<!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water = 0.74% |population_estimate = 10,076,581 <!--Use KSH estimates. The source for this one was http://portal.ksh.hu/pls/ksh/docs/eng/xstadat/tabl1_01_01a.html--> |population_estimate_year = 2006 |population_estimate_rank = kuma-79 |population_census = 10,198,315 |population_census_year = 2001 |population_density = 109 |population_densitymi² =282 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = kuma-92 |GDP_PPP_year = 2006 |GDP_PPP = $169.875 billion |GDP_PPP_rank = kuma-48 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $17,405 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = kuma-43 |sovereignty_type = [[Kawayangen]] |established_event1 = Pantitipon nen [[Stephen I of Hungary|Stephen I]] |established_date1 = [[December]] [[1000]] |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI = 0.862 |HDI_rank = 35th |HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> |currency = [[Hungarian forint|Forint]] |currency_code = HUF |country_code = hu |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.hu]] (also [[.eu]] as part of the European Union) |calling_code = 36 |footnotes = |ISO_3166-1_alpha2=HU |ISO_3166-1_alpha3=HUN |ISO_3166-1_numeric=348 |sport_code=HUN |vehicle_code=H }} 450 1144 2006-10-14T22:32:23Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country |native_name = ''Repubblica Italiana'' |conventional_long_name = Italiyanon Republic |common_name = Italy |image_flag = Flag of Italy.svg |image_coat = Italian coa.png |symbol_type=Coat of arms |image_map = LocationItaly.png |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''[[Il Canto degli Italiani]]'' (ya amta met ya "Fratelli d'Italia") |official_languages = [[Salitan Italian|Italian]] ¹ |latd=41 |latm=54 |latNS=N |longd=12 |longm=29 |longEW=E |capital = [[Rome, Italy|Rome]] |largest_city = [[Rome, Italy|Rome]] |government_type =[[Republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Listaan na saray Pangolo na Italiyanon Republic|Pangolo]] |leader_title2 = [[Listaan na saray Primon Tagalinkor na Italy|Primon Tagalinkor]] |leader_name1 =[[Giorgio Napolitano]] |leader_name2 = [[Romano Prodi]] |accessionEUdate = [[March 25]], [[1957]]; Founding Member |area_rank = kuma-71 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area=301,318 |areami²= 116,346.5 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water = 2.4 |population_estimate = 58,751,711 <!--http://http://www.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/in_calendario/bildem/20060710_02/--> |population_estimate_rank = 22nd |population_estimate_year = 2006 |population_census = 57,110,144 |population_census_year = October 2001 |population_density =192.8 |population_densitymi² = 499.4<!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = kuma-54 |GDP_PPP = $1.668 trillion |GDP_PPP_rank= kuma-8 |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita =$28,760 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = kuma-21 |sovereignty_type = Formation |established_event1 = [[Italian Unification|Unification]] |established_event2 = [[Birth of the Italian Republic|Republic]] |established_date1 = [[17 March]] [[1861]] |established_date2 = [[2 June]] [[1946]] |HDI = 0.934 |HDI_rank = 18th |HDI_year =2003 |HDI_category = <span style="color:#090">high</span> |currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) ² |currency_code = EUR |country_code = |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.it]] ³ |calling_code = 39 |footnotes =¹ [[French language|French]] is co-official in the [[Aosta Valley]]; [[German language|German]] is co-official in [[Trentino-South Tyrol]].<br /> ² Prior to 2002: [[Italian lira|Italian Lira]].<br /> ³ The [[.eu]] domain is also used, as it is shared with other [[European Union]] member states. }} 451 1146 2006-10-14T22:36:16Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox Country |common_name = Switzerland |native_name = ''Confoederatio Helvetica'' <br>''Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft''<br>''Confédération suisse''<br>''Confederazione Svizzera''<br>''Confederaziun svizra''<br>Swiss Confederation |image_flag = Flag of Switzerland.svg|image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png |national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] |national_motto = [[Latin]]: ''[[Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno]]''<!-- IF YOU FEEL TEMPTED TO REPLACE THIS WITH "none", PLEASE CHECK THE TALK PAGE AND ITS ARCHIVES FIRST, and also read the linked article! Thank you. --> (traditional)<ref>The motto is traditional; it does not have an official status that was defined by the Swiss constitution or a Swiss law. See [[Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno]] for more information.</ref><br>([[Salitan Pangasinan|Pangasinan]]: "Sakey para amin, amin para sakey") |official_languages = [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]] <ref>http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/sz00000_.html Switzerland Constitution], article 70, "Languages": (1) The official languages of the Federation are German, French, and Italian. Romansh is an official language for communicating with persons of Romansh language. (2) The Cantons designate their official languages. In order to preserve harmony between linguistic communities, they respect the traditional territorial distribution of languages, and take into account the indigenous linguistic minorities.</ref> |common_languages = [[Serbo-Croatian]], [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[English language|English]] <ref>http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/bevoelkerung/sprachen__religionen/blank/medienmitteilungen.Document.24786.html </ref> |capital = [[Bern]] (federal capital) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E |largest_city = [[Zürich]] |government_type = [[Direct democracy]], [[Federal republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]] |leader_name1 = <!-- ordered by seniority -->[[Moritz Leuenberger]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 06]])</small><br>[[Pascal Couchepin]] <br>[[Samuel Schmid]]<br>[[Micheline Calmy-Rey]] <small>(V[[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|P 06]])</small><br>[[Christoph Blocher]]<br>[[Hans-Rudolf Merz]] <br>[[Doris Leuthard]] |area = 41,285 |areami²=15,940 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |area_rank=kuma-136|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2 |population_estimate = 7,252,000|population_estimate_year=July 2005|population_estimate_rank=kuma-95 |population_density = 182 |population_densitymi² =472 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank=kuma-61 |population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000 |GDP_PPP = $264.1 billion<!--CIA-->|GDP_PPP_year=2005|GDP_PPP_rank=kuma-39 |GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=kuma-17 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $35,300|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=kuma-10 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $50,524|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=4th |HDI_year=2003|HDI=0.947|HDI_rank=7th |HDI_category=<font color="#009900">high</font> |sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] |sovereignty_note = [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]] |established_event1 = Declared |established_event2 = Recognised |established_event3 = [[Switzerland as a federal state|Federal state]] |established_date1 = [[August 1]], [[1291]] |established_date2 = [[October 24]], [[1648]] |established_date3 = 1848 |currency = [[Swiss franc]]|currency_code=CHF |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 |cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41 |footnotes = }} 452 1148 2006-10-14T22:39:33Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox Country| <!-- begin infobox --> native_name = ''Republika Slovenija'' | conventional_long_name = Republic na Slovenia | common_name = Slovenia | image_flag = Flag of Slovenia.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Slovenia.svg | image_map = SVN_highlighted_map.png | national_motto (unofficial) = Žive naj vsi narodi (Blessing na Dios ed amin ya nasyon)| national_anthem = [[Zdravljica]] | official_languages = [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], [[Italian language|Italian]]¹, [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]¹ | capital = [[Ljubljana]] | latd=46|latm=03|latNS=N|longd=14|longm=30|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Ljubljana]] | government_type = [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Slovenia|President]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Slovenia|Prime Minister]] | leader_name1 = [[Janez Drnovšek]] | leader_name2 = [[Janez Janša]] | accessionEUdate = [[May 1]], [[2004]] | area_rank = 153rd | area_magnitude = 1_E10 | area=20,273 | areami²= 7,827<!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->| percent_water = 0.6% | population_estimate = 2,004,394² | population_estimate_year = March 2006 | population_estimate_rank = 145th | population_census = 1,964,036 | population_census_year = 2002| population_density = 97 | population_densitymi² = 251<!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->| population_density_rank = 101st | GDP_PPP_year=2005 | GDP_PPP = $43.69 billion<!--IMF--> | GDP_PPP_rank = 81st | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $21,911 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 31st | HDI_year = 2003 | HDI = 0.904 | HDI_rank = 26th | HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> | sovereignty_type = [[Independence]] | sovereignty_note = From [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] | established_event1 = Declared | established_event2 = Recognized | established_date1 = [[June 25]], [[1991]] | established_date2 = 1992 | currency = [[Slovenian tolar|Tolar]]³ | currency_code = SIT | time_zone= [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset= +1 | time_zone_DST= [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST= +2 | cctld= [[.si]]⁴ | calling_code = 386 | ISBN_code = 961, 86 | ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = SI | ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = SVN | ISO_3166-1_numeric = 705 | sport_code = SLO | vehicle_code = SLO | footnotes=¹ In the residential municipalities of Italian or Hungarian national community.<br> ² Source: [http://www.stat.si/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=352 Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia: Population, Slovenia, 31 March 2006] <br> ³ Will be replaced by the [[euro]] (EUR) on 1 January 2007.<br> ⁴also [[.eu]], shared with other [[European Union]] member states. }} 453 1286 2006-10-18T06:47:56Z 130.54.12.245 == No labay yon idagdag so insulat yon anlong diad bolong ya aya, idagdag yo labat. == * [[Listaan na Saray Anlong nen Manonton Dalan]] 454 1158 2006-10-15T23:08:33Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox Country |native_name = {{lang|pt|''República Federativa do Brasil''}} |conventional_long_name = Federative Republic na Brazil |common_name = Brazil |image_flag = Flag of Brazil.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Brazil.svg |symbol_type = coat of arms |image_map = BrazilWorldMap.png |national_motto = {{lang|pt|''Ordem e Progresso''}}<br>([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] para "Ayos tan Aligwas") |national_anthem = ''[[Hino Nacional Brasileiro|Brazilian National Anthem]]'' |official_languages = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |capital = [[Brasília]] |latd=15 |latm=45 |latNS=S |longd=47 |longm=57 |longEW=W |largest_city = [[São Paulo]] |government_type = [[Federal Republic|Federal&nbsp;republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Brazil|Pangolo]] |leader_name1 = [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] |leader_title2 = [[Kumadwan Pangolo na Brazil|Kumadwan&nbsp;Pangolo]] |leader_name2 = [[José Alencar Gomes da Silva]] |area_rank = kuma-5 |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area= 8,514,877 |areami²= 3,287,597 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |percent_water = 0.65 |population_estimate = 186,405,000 <!--UN WPP--> |population_estimate_rank = kuma-5 |population_estimate_year = 2005 |population_census = 169,799,170 |population_census_year = 2000 |population_density = 22 |population_densitymi² = 57 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] --> |population_density_rank = 182nd |GDP_PPP = $1.577&nbsp;[[trillion]] <!-- [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)]] --> |GDP_PPP_rank = 9th <!-- [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)]] --> |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $8,584 <!-- [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita]] --> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = kuma-68 |sovereignty_type = [[Kawayangen]] |sovereignty_note = manlapod [[Portugal]] |established_event1 = Declared |established_event2 = Recognised |established_event3 = Republic |established_date1 = [[September 7]] [[1822]] |established_date2 = [[August 29]] [[1825]] |established_date3 = [[November 15]] [[1889]] |HDI = 0.792 |HDI_rank = kuma-63 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = <font color="#F7BC5B">medium</font> |currency = [[Brazilian real|Real]] |currency_code = BRL |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = -2 to -5 (Official: -3) |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.br]] |calling_code = 55 |footnotes = }} '''Brazil''', o say opisyal ya '''Federative Republic of Brazil''' ({{lang-pt|''Brasil''}} o diad salitan Portuguese {{lang|pt|''República Federativa do Brasil''. Arom ni ran pangibaga:[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA|[ʁe'publikɐ fedeɾa'tivɐ du bɾa'ziw]}}, {{IPA|[he.'pu.bli.kɐ fe.de.ɾa.'tʃi.vɐ du bɾa.'ziw]}}, {{IPA|[ʁe.'pu.bli.kɐ fe.de.ɾa.'ti.vɐ du bɾa.'zil]}}, {{IPA|[hɛ.'pu.bli.kɐ fɛ.dɛ.ɾa.'ti.vɐ du bɾa.'ziw]}}, {{IPA|[ʀe'publɪkä fedeɾä'tʰivɐ dʊ brä'zɪɫ]}} . Nakaukulan ya natalosan ya diad standard [[Brazilian Portuguese]] pronunciantion, sarag to ray variant ran pangibaga na saray phoneme. Say Brazil so sankabalgan tan sankarakelan na too ed [[Abalaten America]]. Wadyad bokig na Brazil so [[Dayat Atlantic]], tan say Brazil aliber na saray dalin na [[Uruguay]], [[Argentina]], [[Paraguay]], [[Bolivia]], [[Peru]], [[Columbia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]] tan French department na [[French Guiana]]. 455 1157 2006-10-15T22:54:47Z Arikasikis 11 <onlyinclude><span class="unicode audiolink">[[:Media:{{{1|}}}|{{{2|{{{1|}}}}}}]]</span>&nbsp;<span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>([[Wikipedia:Media help|help]]·[[:Image:{{{1|}}}|info]])</small></span></onlyinclude> __NOTOC__ == Purpose == This template links to an audio file for quick listening. It is meant to be used inline with text, for pronunciations and the like. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{Audio|name of sound file|text to use as link to soundfile}}</nowiki></code> Example: :<code><nowiki>'''Bordeaux''' ({{Audio|Fr-Bordeaux.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a [[Seaport|port]] city in...</nowiki></code> gives this: :'''Bordeaux''' ({{Audio|Fr-Bordeaux.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a [[Seaport|port]] city in... == See also == * {{tl|Audio-nohelp}}, a variant of this template with no help links. * {{tl|Audio-IPA}}, a variant of this template to be used with [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] notation. **{{tl|Audio-IPA-nohelp}}, a variant with no help links. * {{tl|Spoken}}, which adds only the small icon with no links. * {{tl|Listen}}, which sets an audio clip off from the main text. [[de:Vorlage:Audio]] [[es:Plantilla:Audio]] [[fa:الگو:صدا]] [[ko:틀:듣기]] [[mk:Шаблон:Аудио]] [[no:Mal:Audio]] [[pl:Szablon:Audio]] [[pt:Predefinição:Áudio]] [[rmy:Format:Shun]] [[th:Template:เสียง]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Âm thanh]] [[it:Template:Audio]] 456 1159 2006-10-16T11:18:20Z 221.134.213.184 t4t4 457 1177 2006-10-17T02:54:43Z 130.54.12.244 {{translation}} ---- {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Metropolitan Manila | map_file = Ph locator ncr.png | center = [[Manila]] | population = 11,289,368^{[http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/poproj09.txt]} (2005)| density_km2 = 17,751 | area_km2 = 636 | provinces = &mdash; | cities = 14 | municipalities = 3 | barangays = 1694 | districts = 27 | languages = [[Salitan Tagalog|Tagalog]], [[Salitan Cebuano|Cebuano]], [[Salitan Ilokano|Ilokano]], [[Salitan English|English]], [[Salitan Pangasinan|Pangalinan]], arom | }} '''Metropolitan Manila''' ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: ''Kalakhang Maynila'') or the '''National Capital Region (NCR)''' ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: ''Pambansang Punong Rehiyon'') is the capital of the [[Philippines]] and among the world's thirty [[List of metropolitan areas by population|most populous metropolitan areas]]. Metro Manila is one of the two defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines, the other being [[Metro Cebu]]. Metro Manila is the [[metropolitan area]] that contains the city of [[Manila]], as well as sixteen surrounding cities and municipalities, including [[Quezon City]], the capital from [[1948]] to [[1976]]. Metro Manila is the political, economic, social, and cultural center of the Philippines, and is one of the more modern metropolises in Southeast Asia. Among locals, particularly those from Manila proper and those in the provinces, Metro Manila is often simply referred to as ''Manila''; however locals from other parts of the metropolis may see this as offensive, owing to city pride and also the fact that some cities are actually geographically closer to the neighboring provinces than to Manila itself. Metro Manila is often abbreviated as ''M.M.''. Metro Manila is the smallest of the country's [[Regions of the Philippines|administrative regions]], but the most populous and the most densely populated, having a population of 9,932,560 (2000 [[census]]) in an area only 636 square kilometers large. It is also the only region without any [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]]. The region is bordered by the provinces of [[Bulacan]] to the north, [[Rizal]] to the east, and [[Cavite]] and [[Laguna]] to the south. Metro Manila is also sandwiched by the [[Manila Bay]] to the west and the [[Laguna de Bay]] to the southeast with the [[Pasig River]] running between them, bisecting the region. The term ''Metro Manila'' should not be confused with the [[metro]] rail system of the region, and the word ''metro'' itself always describes the metropolitan area (as in ''the metro''). The railways are called by their abbreviations, such as the LRT and the MRT, also known as Light Rail Transit and Metro Rail Transit, respectively. On paper, [[Manila]] is the designated capital and seat of the Philippine government, but in practice, the seats of government are all around Metro Manila. The executive and administrative seat of government is located in Manila, so is the judiciary. The upper house of the legislature ([[Senate of the Philippines]]) is located in [[Pasay City]], and the lower house ([[House of Representatives of the Philippines]]) in [[Quezon City]]. ==History== Manila was first founded in [[June 24]], [[1571]] by three Spanish [[conquistadors]], led by [[Martín de Goiti]], [[Juan de Salcedo]] and [[Miguel López de Legazpi]]. In 1867, the Spanish Government of the Philippines founded the municipalities and territories south of the District of Morong in Nueva Ecija, north of the Province of Tondo and Imperial Manila, and isolated these from their mother province-Nueva Ecija. The Government created the Province of Manila composed of the Province of Tondo to the south and the isolated territories of Nueva Ecija to the north. The parts of Tondo were Navotas, Malabon, and Caloocan; and the parts of Nueva Ecija were Mariquina, Balintawak, Caloocan, Pasig, San Felipe Neri (presently called Makati), Las Piñas, what had been known as Paranaque, and Muntinlupa were combined to form the Province of Manila. The capital of the Province was [[Intramuros]], then itself called and considered to be Manila, a walled city located along the banks of Pasig River and Manila Bay in the present Manila. [[Image:Intramuros.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Intamuros, The Walled City of Manila, in 1932 before its destruction in 1945.]][[Image:Makati78.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A portion of the Makati Central Business District]] In 1897, while the Imperial City of Manila is being prepared for industrialization, most houses in Tondo were demolished to give way to railroad construction. One of those whose house was demolished was Andres Bonifacio, the founder of the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangan, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Supreme and Revered Union of the Children of the Nation) or KKK, a secret organization which aimed towards independence and self-governance away from the Spanish government. In 1896, the Cry of Balintawak was initiated, an event which denounces the Spanish authority by tearing their ''cedulas'' or residence tax slips. On December 30, 1896, [[Jose Rizal]], the Philippine National Hero, was executed by the Spanish government in Bagumbayan, an execution site near Intramuros. This event led to the Filipino uprising against Spain. Likewise, The Province of Manila was the 8th and last Province to revolt against Spain paving the establishment of the Federated Philippine Republics (composed of [[Nueva Ecija]], [[Pampanga]], [[Bulacan]], [[Tarlac]], [[Laguna]], [[Batangas]], [[Cavite]] and Manila). The Province remained in existence until 1901, when its territory was subdivided by the Americans. In [[1901]], the Philippine Assembly created the City of Manila composed of the Municipalities of Ermita, [[Intramuros]] or Imperial City of Manila, [[Tondo, Manila|Tondo]], [[Santa Cruz, Manila|Santa Cruz]], [[Sta. Ana, Manila|Sta. Ana]], [[San Nicolas]], [[San Miguel, Manila|San Miguel]], [[Paco, Manila|Paco]], [[Port, Manila|Port Area]], [[Pandacan, Manila|Pandacan]], [[Sampaloc, Manila|Sampaloc]], [[Quiapo, Manila|Quiapo]], [[Binondo, Manila|Binondo]] and others. Some Assemblymen included the municipalities of Caloocan, Marikina, Pasig, Parañaque, Malabon, Navotas, San Juan, Makati, Mandaluyong (San Felipe Neri), Las Piñas, Muntinglupa and Taguig-Pateros to a new province named Rizal. The capital of the province was Pasig. In [[1976]], owing a great respect to the history of Manila, President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] issued Presidential Decree 824, creating the Metropolitan Manila Area. The site of the old province of Manila can no longer be used for agricultural purposes and therefore the term 'province' is not applicable. The decree seceded the 12 municipalities and 2 cities of Rizal, the municipality of Valenzuela in Bulacan, Quezon City and Manila. The Metropolitan Manila Commission is created to administer the emerging metropolis. Marcos appointed his wife [[Imelda Marcos]] as governor of Metro Manila. In [[1986]], after a major government reorganization, President [[Corazon Aquino]] issued Executive Order No. 392 and changed the structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to Metropolitan Manila Authority. Metro Manila Mayors chose from themselves as chair of the agency. In [[1995]], through Republic Act 7924, Metro Manila Authority was reorganized and became the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]]. The chair of the agency is appointed by the President and should not have a concurrent elected position such as mayor. ==Cities and municipalities== Metro Manila is composed of fourteen [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]] and three [[Philippine municipality|municipalities]]. Each is governed by a mayor who belongs to the Metro Manila Mayor's League, which is part of the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA). [[image:Metro manila map.png|right|thumb|240px|Map of Metro Manila showing the cities and municipalities.]] {| class="wikitable" |- !colspan="2" | City !Population'''¹''' !Area <br> ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !Pop. density <br>(per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_caloocan.png|20px]] |[[Caloocan City]] |1,177,604 |53.33 |22,081 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_laspinas.png|20px]] |[[Las Piñas City]] |528,011 |41.54 |12,710 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_makati.png|20px]] |[[Makati City]] |444,867 |27.36 |16,260 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_malabon.png|20px]] |[[Malabon City]] |338,855 |15.76 |21,501 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_mandaluyong.png|20px]] |[[Mandaluyong City]] |278,474 |11.26 |24,731 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_manila.png|20px]] |[[Manila]] |1,581,082 |38.55 |41,014 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_marikina.png|20px]] |[[Marikina City]] |391,170 |33.97 |11,515 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_muntinlupa.png|20px]] |[[Muntinlupa City]] |379,310 |46.70 |8,122 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_paranaque.png|20px]] |[[Parañaque City]] |449,811 |47.69 |9,432 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_pasay.png|20px]] |[[Pasay City]] |354,908 |19.00 |18,679 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_pasig.png|20px]] |[[Pasig City]] |505,058 |31.00 |16,292 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_quezoncity.png|20px]] |[[Quezon City]] |2,173,831 |161.12 |13,492 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_taguig.png|20px]] |[[Taguig City]] |467,375 |47.88 |9,761 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_valenzuela.png|20px]] |[[Valenzuela City]] |485,433 |44.58 |10,889 |- !colspan="2" | Municipality !Population'''¹''' !Area <br>([[square kilometre|km²]]) !Pop. density <br>(per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_navotas.png|20px]] |[[Navotas]] |230,403 |10.77 |21,393 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_pateros.png|20px]] |[[Pateros, Metro Manila|Pateros]] |57,407 |2.10 |27,337 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_sanjuan.png|20px]] |[[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] |117,680 |5.94 |19,811 |} <small>'''¹''' 2000 Census</small> Unlike other regions which are divided into [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], Metro Manila or the National Capital Region (NCR) is divided into four nonfunctioning districts, which are grouped according to geographical basis in reference to the [[Pasig River]]. These districts were created in 1976 but have no local government and no congressional representation, in contrast to that of the provinces. These districts are used mostly for fiscal and statistical purposes. The cities and municipalities within the NCR are grouped into the four districts as follows: *'''1st District:''' City of [[Manila]] *'''2nd District:''' [[Mandaluyong City]], [[Marikina City]], [[Pasig City]], [[Quezon City]], [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] *'''3rd District:''' [[Caloocan City]], [[Malabon City]], [[Navotas]], [[Valenzuela City]] *'''4th District:''' [[Las Piñas City]], [[Makati City]], [[Muntinlupa City]], [[Parañaque City]], [[Pasay City]], [[Pateros, Metro Manila|Pateros]], [[Taguig City]] ==Economy== [[Image:Rockwellcenter87.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Rockwell Center in Makati]] [[Image:Ortigas_full_moon.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Ortigas Center in Mandaluyong, Pasig and Quezon City Boundary]] ===Business districts=== [[Makati City]] is widely acknowledged as the financial capital of the country where one can find the Makati Central Business District (CBD). Interesting landmarks in Makati's Central Business District include [[Ayala Center]], composed of [[Glorietta]] and [[Greenbelt]], [[Ayala Museum]], and [[Yuchengco Museum]]. Also in Makati is Rockwell Center. Most multi-national company offices and embassies in the Philippines are situated in Makati. Also posing as a competitor for a vibrant business center are Bonifacio Global City in Taguig, Eastwood City in Quezon City, Ortigas Center in Pasig City, Manila Bay City Reclamation Area in the cities of Pasay, Parañaque and Las Piñas, and Alabang Estates and Madrigal Business Park in Muntinlupa. ===Shopping centers=== Metro Manila currently has a large number of malls in the [[Philippines]], and the largest of these is the [[SM Mall of Asia]] in the Pasay City reclamation area. Before the Mall of Asia was completed, the largest was [[SM Megamall]] in Ortigas Center. Other shopping centers in Ortigas Center include Robinson's Galleria, Shangri-la Plaza, and The Podium. Recently opened in Pasig is a new development called Frontera Verde, which currently hosts Tiendesitas, a tiangge-style shopping center. Soon to rise are a new SM development as well as several other malls. In the Central Business District of Makati, the [[Ayala Center]] hosts other malls, including Glorietta and the upscale Greenbelt shopping districts. Also in Makati is the Rockwell Center. These places are frequented by members of Metro Manila's upper classes. Taguig City has a mall named ''Market-Market!'', which is strategically located in a transportation hub within [[Fort Bonifacio]] Global City. In the City of Manila, the largest malls include SM City Manila and Robinson's Place-Ermita. Cubao is [[Quezon City]]'s Central Commercial Area that hosts 5 malls that includes the ultra-modern Gateway Mall. Other malls include various SM chains in the metropolis. Aside from Cubao, there is also Eastwood City, located along Libis. Metro Manila has a lot of markets, locally called ''palengke''. One of these are the Central Market, located in Quiapo district of Manila, and Divisoria Market, also in Manila. Cloverleaf Market in Balintawak, Quezon City supplies most of Metro Manila's fruit and vegetable products. Navotas Port Market supplies most of Metro Manila's fish products. Other smaller markets include the markets of Cubao Farmers, Nepa-Q Mart, Muñoz, Balingasa, Galas, Santa Mesa, Novaliches Talipapa, Baclaran, Pasay Libertad, and Pasay Cartimar, the latter also being one of the finest pet markets in the Philippines. Midway between a mall and a market are the Philippine-only ''tiangge''s, or airconditioned markets selling goods such as clothes, shoes, accessories, computer parts, mobile phones, CDs, VCDs, MP3s, iPods, and DVDs. Among these can be found in [[Greenhills Shopping Center]] in the municipality of San Juan and St. Francis Square in Mandaluyong City. ===Wealth extremes=== [[Image:Malateskylinemanilabay.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Manila Bay]] [[Image:HPIM2166.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Greenbelt Park, at the heart of Makati CBD, where al fresco cafés and restaurants are situated]] Metro Manila is a place of economic extremes. Most of the wealthy and upper-middle class in the country reside within [[gated communities]] in places such as [[Forbes Park]], [[Dasmariñas Village]], [[Bel-Air Village]], and Urdaneta Village in Makati, [[Loyola Heights]], La Vista Subdivision, Corinthian Gardens, Greenmeadows, Capitol Hills District, [[Ayala Heights]], Filinvest 1 and 2, Baranggay South Triangle, Baranggay West Triangle, New Manila, Blue Ridge, St. Ignatius Village, and [[White Plains]] of [[Quezon City]], Valle Verde Village of Pasig City, Greenhills in San Juan, and Ayala Alabang in [[Muntinlupa City]]. Other wealthy families opt to live urban lifestyles and instead own large apartments and condominium units such as those in the Rockwell Center in Makati and the Fort Bonifacio Global City in Taguig. That the area is populated by many of the wealthiest people in the country has also driven up the real estate value of the properties in these areas such that they are unmatched anywhere else. However, practically side-by-side with the residences of Metro Manila's elite are slums and squattered areas, most of which are in the outskirts of the aforementioned gated communities, as well as areas left behind by the rapid development of the rest of Metro Manila, such as Tondo and Sampaloc in Manila, Guadalupe in Makati, some parts of Marikina, Caloocan, and Valenzuela, and most parts of Navotas. Highway roadsides are often crowded with corrugated-steel-roofed huts and straw markets by which livelihood is obtained, in a stark contrast to the gated subdivisions present in Metro Manila. Less than 10% of the population actually live in the aformentioned neighborhoods, while the rest live in non-gated (normal) neighborhoods in regular houses, apartments, tenements and shacks. Metro Manila is also characterized by a very large middle class group scattered throughout the metropolis. The middle-class group in Metro Manila enjoys much more spending power, access to education, and far better living qualities than the quite numerous poverty-stricken people that migrate to Metro Manila from the provinces. ==Recreation== [[Image:Pic_rizalpark.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Rizal Monument at Rizal Park]] [[Image:Manila - Intramuros.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A Colonial House in Intramuros]] [[Image:Manila - Manila Bay.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Manila Bay Sunset]] Located west of Metro Manila, [[Rizal Park]] is the reference point for all kilometer points in the island of [[Luzon]] and the Philippines. Rizal Park features the statue of the Philippine National Hero [[Jose Rizal]], as well as several Philippine flags, a gigantic relief map of the Philippines, scenic Chinese gardens, and the several government offices, such as the Department of Tourism. On the seaside front of Rizal Park are numerous seafood restaurants specializing in Filipino and Asian cuisine. The National Museum of the Filipino People can be also found here. It is a complex of two Greco-Roman buildings which house ancient relics, native mummies, natural treasures and factual galleries about the Philippines and other countries. The museum also boasts a vast collection of artworks and masterpieces crafted by Filipinos which were commended by the [[Louvre]] Museum per se. Similarly, part of the museum complex is the first planetarium in Southeast Asia. Also located here is the [[Quirino Grandstand]], which apart from the regular ''miting de avance'' (Spanish: political gatherings), is also a popular rendezvous of various religious groups, such as [[El Shaddai]] and other popular American-based Protestant movements, such as [[Benny Hinn]] International Ministries. Near the Rizal Park is a 400-year-old Imperial City known as Intramuros, a walled domain which was once the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Era and Mid-American Periods. Among the attractions are the Fort Santiago, a timeworn Spanish military fortress which was also the cell for the national hero, Jose Rizal in [[1896]]; Casa Manila, a Spanish colonial villa which is converted into a house gallery; Manila Cathedral, the official seat of the Archbishop of Manila; San Agustin Church, the oldest existing church/building in the Philippines that survived the wars and earthquakes of Manila since [[1587]]; Intramuros Golf Club, a prime golf course outside the walls; and the Clam Shell Tent, an exhibition center of the Department of Tourism. Horse-carriages and tourist buses are also some of the attractions. The rest also includes a walk above the walls surrounding Intramuros, government offices, universities and colonial houses. Fort Bonifacio, or FB, is the location of military detachments, cemeteries, International schools, and world-class dining and shopping facilities. Other local recreation areas include the Nayong Pilipino (Philippine Village) in Parañague City, Quezon City Memorial Circle and Ninoy Aquino Wildlife Center, both located in Diliman district of Quezon City, the posh Greenbelt Center, located in Makati City, the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex and Bay City, both located in Pasay City. Meanwhile, the Paco Park, Arroceros Botanical Garden, Manila Zoo, Plaza Rajah Sulayman, Plaza Miranda, new Rizal Avenue Bargain Walkway, the all-steel Gothic Church of San Sebastian, the bars and night clubs of Ermita and Malate districts and the famous Roxas Boulevard Bay Walk which offers a fine view of the legendary Manila Bay sunset and hip-dining of Asian, Western and Filipino cuisine, are all located in Manila. ==Transportation== {{seealso|Transportation in the Philippines}} ===Roadways=== {{main|Major roads in Metro Manila}} [[Image:Nlew8.jpg|450px|thumb|right|The [[North Luzon Expressway]], one of the major roads out of Metro Manila]] The metropolis has an extensive system of highways connecting the various cities and municipalities. The major roads include ten radial roads, which branch out from central [[Manila]] and five circumferential roads which form a series of concentric semi-circular arcs around downtown Manila. Most of these roads are very important transportation arteries. One is the C-4 (Circumferential Road 4), also called [[EDSA|Epifanio de los Santos Avenue]] or more popularly as EDSA. It is the major thoroughfare in Metro Manila connecting five cities in Metro Manila, namely Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, and Caloocan. Some other important roads are R-1 (Radial Road 1) ([[Roxas Boulevard]] and [[Manila-Cavite Expressway]]) connecting to [[Cavite]] province in the southwest; R-3 or the [[South Luzon Expressway]] (SLEX) connecting to [[Laguna province]] in the southeast; R-6 (Aurora Boulevard and Marcos Highway) connecting to [[Rizal]] province in the east; and R-8 or the [[North Luzon Expressway]] (NLEX) connecting to [[Bulacan]] province in the north. One of its newest roads, the [[Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard]], running on the [[Land reclamation|reclamation area]] parallel to R-1, is one of the destinations of Manila's elite. Metro Manila is notorious for its traffic jams. A trip that should take 20 minutes will last an hour or more especially during rush hour. Consequently, the [[Metro Manila Development Authority]] (see section below) has constructed many projects to decongest traffic. [[Image:Edsa4.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Evening rush hour in [[EDSA]] with the MRT in the middle]] Such projects of the MMDA for motorists are the construction of [[flyover]]s (elevated roads), [[Road junction|interchanges]], ''loading bays'' for Public Utility Vehicles (PUVs), ''emergency bays'', and ''U-Turn slots'' over various intersections and thoroughfares, and the completion of the comprehensive railway system (see below). It has also been engaged in road widening with the support of the Department of Public Works and Highways. MMDA has also utilized projects for the pedestrians such as the installation of footbridges, waiting sheds, and men's urinals to various roads in the metropolis. The agency has also implemented various schemes for motorists such as the Uniform Vehicular Volume Reduction Scheme (UVRRS), more popularly known as "color coding", where vehicles whose plate numbers end in different digits are banned from traveling on different days, the Yellow Lane scheme, where yellow-plated PUBs (Public Utility Buses) will only use the two outermost lanes in EDSA, and the Organized Bus Route (OBR) for Metro Manila. ===Railways=== [[Image:megatren.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Almost all of the rail lines in Metro Manila are elevated such as this LRT 2 (Purple Line) Train passing along its tracks.]] {{main|Manila Light Rail Transit System|Manila Metro Rail Transit System|Philippine National Railways}} [[As of 2005]], there are two different [[rapid transit]] systems in Metro Manila: the [[Manila Light Rail Transit System]], or the LRT, and the [[Manila Metro Rail Transit System]], or the MRT. The [[Manila LRT Yellow Line|Yellow Line]] (LRT-1) and the [[Manila LRT Purple Line|Purple Line]] (MRT-2) form the LRT network, while the Blue Line (MRT-3) forms the MRT network, with [[List of Strong Republic Transit System stations#List of LRT stations|29 stations]] on the LRT and [[List of Strong Republic Transit System stations#List of MRT stations|13 stations]] on the MRT . Four more lines are [[Manila Light Rail Transit System#Future expansion|proposed]] and would connect Metro Manila to the provinces of [[Bulacan]], [[Cavite]], [[Laguna province|Laguna]] and [[Rizal]] upon their completion. [[Philippine National Railways]] also operates two main-line railway lines within Metro Manila, all part of the once-flourshing Luzon railway system. The northern line, known as Northrail and connecting [[Manila]] to [[Caloocan City]], is currently closed. Line extensions are proposed to [[Valenzuela City]] and further on to Bulacan and [[Pampanga]]. The trans-Metro Manila portion of the still-open southern line, known as Southrail, commences at Tutuban station in [[Tondo, Manila]], passes through the cities of Manila, [[Makati City|Makati]], [[Taguig City|Taguig]], [[Parañaque City|Parañaque]] and [[Las Piñas City|Las Piñas]], and ends in Barangay Buli, [[Muntinlupa City]], before entering the province of Laguna. ===Airports=== The country's main airport is the [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]] (NAIA) which straddles the boundary between [[Parañaque City]] and [[Pasay City]]. It presently consists of two terminals, while a third one will open soon. There is also a separate domestic terminal. There are two main runways and the hangar of [[Philippine Airlines]] is located near the [[Villamor Air Base]]. [[Image:Naia3.jpg|250px|thumb|right|NAIA Terminal 3]] There are four airport terminals in Metro Manila, all of which are located in Parañaque City, 9 kilometers south of the City of Manila. *'''NAIA-1''': NAIA-1 is the original terminal and was constructed in 1981. The 67,000 square meter terminal was designed by Filipino architect Leandro V. Locsin and has a design capacity of 4.5 million passengers per year. It currently serves all non-Philippine Airlines international flights. The terminal has reached capacity in 1991 and has been over capacity ever since. *'''NAIA-2''': NAIA-2 terminal was finished in 1998 and is named the Centennial Terminal since 1998 was the centennial year of the declaration of Philippine independence. The 75,000 square meter terminal was originally designed by Aéroports de Paris to be a domestic terminal, but the design was later modified to accommodate international flights. It has a capacity of 2.5 million passengers per year in its international wing and 5 million in its domestic wing, which later will expand to nine million passengers yearly. Terminal 2 is the home of Philippine Airlines and Air Philippines and is used for both its domestic and international flights since it has the most flights out of the NAIA terminals. *'''NAIA-3''': NAIA-3 was approved for construction in 1997 and is nearly complete. The modern US$500 million, 189,000 square meter facility was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) to have a capacity of 13 million passengers per year. However, a legal dispute between the government of the Philippines and the project's main contractor, PIATCO, over alleged anomalies in the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contract, is holding completion and opening of the terminal. On December 2004, the Philippine Government took over the management of the facility through an order of the Pasay City Regional Trial Court (RTC). Manila International Airport Authority is due to announce its opening in the mid-2006. *'''Domestic Airport''': The Domestic Airport was built on 1948 on the old Airport Road. It currently handles all domestic air traffic, excluding Philippine Airlines and Air Philippines. Currently, the terminal is composed of two single-story buildings and serves the domestic flights of other local carriers, which are Cebu Pacific, Asian Spirit, Southeast Asian Airlines (Seair), Laoag International Airlines and Interisland Airlines. ==Demographics== [[Image:Ci_mla_cathedral.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Manila Cathedral.]] As of the [[census]] of 2000, there were 9,932,560 people and 2,132,989 households residing in Metro Manila. With a population density of 15,617/km², it is by far the most densely populated region of the Philippines. For the period 1995 to 2000, the annual population growth rate was 1.06 percent, lower than that of the 1990 to 1995 period (3.30 percent). If the current annual population growth rate of the metropolitan area continues, the population is expected to double in 65 years. The most common language spoken in households is [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (94.34%). [[English language|English]] is widely understood. The large majority of the population of Metro Manila is [[Roman Catholic]] (89.10%). Other religions include [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] (2.89%), [[Evangelicalism]] (1.64%), and Islam (0.60%).<ref name="2000census">[http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2003/pr0312tx.html National Capital Region: Close to 10 million persons], National Statistics Office.</ref> ==Education== Metro Manila is home to several noteworthy Philippine higher educational institutions such as [[Adamson University]], [[Arellano University]], [[Ateneo de Manila University]], [[Assumption College]], [[Centro Escolar University]], the [[Colegio de San Juan de Letran]], [[De La Salle Philippines|De La Salle University]] {[[De La Salle-Araneta University|Araneta]], [[De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde|College of Saint Benilde]], and [[De La Salle University-Manila|Manila]] [[Far Eastern University]], [[FEATI University]], [[Lyceum of the Philippines University]], [[Mapua Institute of Technology]], [[Miriam College]], the [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila]], [[Philippine Normal University]], [[Philippine Women's University]], [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]], [[San Beda College]], the [[University of Asia and the Pacific]], the [[University of the East]], [[Saint Pedro Poveda College]], [[University of Manila]], the [[University of the Philippines]] {both the [[University of the Philippines, Diliman|Diliman]] and [[University of the Philippines, Manila|Manila]] campuses}, and the [[University of Santo Tomas]]. Metro Manila is also home to numerous public and private basic education institutions, science high schools, and international schools. Every year, thousands of students from the various countries of Asia, such as China, Japan, Korea, Iran and Vietnam, and even from Europe go to the Philippines to study. ==Police and security== [[Image:Wbphillipines.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Riot police block anti-Arroyo protesters near the Philippine Congress]] Police structure in the Philippines is centralized and its command center is located in Camp Rafael Crame in Santolan, Quezon City. Metro Manila is divided into 5 police districts namely Central (Quezon City), Western (City of Manila), Eastern (Mandaluyong, Pasig, San Juan), Northern (Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela) and Southern (Makati, Muntinlupa, Las Piñas, Parañaque, Taguig and Pateros). The Armed Forces of the Philippines' command headquarters is located in Camp Emilio Aguinaldo in Murphy, Quezon City. Metro Manila is the National Capital Region Command created by President [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] to defend the metropolis from insurgents and terrorist groups. Philippine Army headquarters is located in Fort Bonifacio in Taguig City. Philippine Air Force headquarters is located in Villamor Airbase in Pasay City. Philippine Navy headquarters was once located in Roxas Boulevard in Manila until its transfer by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to [[Zamboanga City]]. ==Public utilities== ===Electricity=== Metro Manila's electricity is generated by the state-owned National Power Corporation (Napocor) and other independent power producers across the island of [[Luzon]]. It is transmitted by the state-owned National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) through high tension wires. It is stored and distributed by the [[Manila Electric Company]] (Meralco), the only company allowed to distribute electricity to the metropolis. ===Water=== Metro Manila's tap water is sourced from the Angat Dam in [[Norzagaray]], [[Bulacan]]. It is stored in the Novaliches Reservoir and filtered in the La Mesa Dam, both in northeast Quezon City. Metro Manila's water distribution and sewerage system used to be managed by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage System (MWSS), a state-owned company. In 1997, MWSS awarded concessionare licenses to two private corporations. Metro Manila was sliced into two distribution areas. * '''Maynilad Water Services Inc. (MWSI)'''. It is currently majority-owned by the MWSS, which took it over from Benpres Holdings Company, which also controls MERALCO. It operates in western Quezon City, southern Caloocan City, Manila (excludes Downtown), Valenzuela City, Malabon City, Navotas, Pasay City, Parañaque City, Las Piñas City, and western Muntinlupa City. MWSS is currently bidding out its shares in MWSI and expects to conclude the bidding before the end of the year. * '''Manila Water Company (MWC)'''. It is owned by the Ayala Corporation, which also controls Globe Telecoms. It operates in eastern Quezon City, northern Caloocan City, downtown Manila, Marikina City, Pasig City, Taguig City, Pateros, Makati City, Mandaluyong City, San Juan, and eastern Muntinlupa City. ===Communications=== Since 1925, the [[Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company]] ([[PLDT]]) was the Philippines' only phone carrier. With the passage of the National Telecommunications Act of 1995, the Philippine [[National Telecommunications Commission]] (NTC) granted licenses to new and independent companies to install new phones across the Philippines. The NTC granted 3 new licenses for Metro Manila. * '''[[Bayan Telecommunications|Bayantel]]/ Benpres''' - Northern Metro Manila (Quezon City, northern Caloocan City, Malabon City, Navotas, Valenzuela City, Marikina City, northeastern Manila, and the Ortigas Center in Pasig City) * '''[[Globe Telecom|Globelines/ Innove]]''' - Southern Metro Manila (Makati City, Mandaluyong City, Muntinlupa City, Pasay City, Las Piñas City, Parañaque City, Taguig City, Pateros, San Juan, and Pasig City excluding the Ortigas Center) * '''[[Eastern Telecoms]]''' - Western Metro Manila (Southern Caloocan City and Manila, excluding the northeast part) ==Metropolitan Manila Development Authority== The [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA) is the administrative body in charge of the metropolis' development, and solving perennial problems such as traffic management, flood control, garbage disposal and sewage maintenace. It closely coordinates with various other organizations such as the Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission (PRRC) and the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), as well as the local government units of the component cities and municipalities. Its agency's head is appointed by the president, which is now presided by Chairman [[Bayani Fernando]]. It is a member of [[Asian Network of Major Cities 21]]. ==See also== * [[Seals of Metro Manila]] * [[Mega Manila]] * [[Metro Cebu]] * [[List of shopping malls in the Philippines]] ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references/> </div> ==External links== * [http://www.yellowasp.com/makatimap/ Makati Map]: An interactive flash map of Makati, street-finder and key locations. * [http://www.kabeet.com Kabeet.com]: An online directory, map atlas and search portal for Metro Manila. * [http://www.clickthecity.com ClickTheCity.com]: An entertainment guide and directory for Metro Manila. * [http://www.mmda.gov.ph Metro Manila Development Authority] * [http://www.bfhomes.net/metro_manila_map.htm Metro Manila Street Map] [[Category:Metro Manila| ]] [[Category:Metropolitan areas of the Philippines|Manila]] [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[br:Metro Manila]] [[de:Metro Manila]] [[es:Metro Manila]] [[ia:Metro Manila]] [[ilo:Metro Manila]] [[id:Metro Manila]] [[lv:Manila]] [[nl:National Capital Region]] [[ja:メトロ・マニラ]] [[pam:Metro Manila]] [[fi:Metro Manila]] [[sv:Metro Manila]] [[tl:Kalakhang Maynila]] 458 1180 2006-10-17T03:01:57Z 130.54.12.244 <div style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: auto; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;"> <!-- start of floated right section --> <div style="border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; width: 10em; background: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;"> {| style="background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" {| class="infobox" style="width: 19em; text-align: left; font-size: 110%;" |+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''{{{name}}}''' |-{{!}}- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:{{{map_file}}}|200px|center|Map of the Philippines showing the location of {{{name}}}]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap;" | Regional center | {{{center}}} |- ! Bilang na too | {{{population}}} |- ! &ndash; Density | {{{density_km2}}} per km² |- ! Awang | {{{area_km2}}} km² |- ! colspan="2" | Divisions |- ! &ndash; [[Provinces of the Philippines|Saray Luyag]] | {{{provinces}}} |- ! &ndash; [[Cities of the Philippines|Saray Siyudad]] | {{{cities}}} |- ! &ndash; [[Municipalities of the Philippines|Saray Baley]] | {{{municipalities}}} |- ! &ndash; Saray [[Barangay]] | {{{barangays}}} |- ! style="white-space: nowrap;" | &ndash; [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Saray Distrito na Congress]] | {{{districts}}} |- ! Saray salita | {{{languages}}} |} </div> </div> 459 1185 2006-10-17T03:16:20Z 130.54.12.244 '''Pitranslate pa ya ed Pangasinan. Sarag yon dagdagan o bawasan. Salamat.''' ---- 460 1179 2006-10-17T03:00:13Z 130.54.12.244 :<div class="noprint">''Main article{{#if:{{{2|}}}|s}}&#58; [[{{{1}}}|{{{l1|{{{1}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{2| }}} |{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&#32;|&#32;and&#32;}}[[{{{2}}}|{{{l2|{{{2}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{3|}}} |{{#if:{{{4|}}}|,&#32;|,&#32;and&#32;}}[[{{{3}}}|{{{l3|{{{3}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{4|}}} |{{#if:{{{5|}}}|,&#32;|,&#32;and&#32;}}[[{{{4}}}|{{{l4|{{{4}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{5|}}} |, and [[{{{5}}}|{{{l5|{{{5}}}}}}]]}}''{{#if:{{{6| }}}|&#32; (too many parameters in &#123;&#123;[[Template:main|main]]&#125;&#125;)}}</div><noinclude> == Usage == To link to a "main article" on a topic, use &#123;{main|The other article}}. == See also == *{{tl|Catmore}} For categories * {{tl|Details}} * {{tl|Further}} * <s>{{tl|See}}</s> (deprecated - use {{tl|Further}}) * {{tl|See also}} [[Category:Section templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:List templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[bn:Template:মূল নিবন্ধ]] [[ca:Plantilla:Principal]] [[de:Vorlage:Hauptartikel]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Ĉefa]] [[fr:Modèle:Détails]] [[pl:Szablon:Main]] [[es:Plantilla:AP]] [[fi:Malline:Pääartikkeli]] [[gl:Template:Ver artigo principal]] [[he:תבנית:הפניה לערך מורחב]] [[hr:Predložak:Main]] [[id:Templat:Main]] [[it:Template:Vedi anche]] [[ko:틀:본문]] [[mg:Template:Antsipirihany]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Zieook]] [[pt:Predefinição:Principal]] [[ro:Format:Articol principal]] [[ru:Шаблон:Main]] [[simple:Template:Main]] [[sk:Šablóna:Hlavný článok]] [[sl:Predloga:Glavno]] [[sq:Stampa:Kryesor]] [[sr:Шаблон:Посебан чланак]] [[sv:Mall:Huvudartikel]] [[ta:வார்ப்புரு:Main]] [[tl:Template:Main]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Chính]] [[zh:Template:Main]] </noinclude> 461 1182 2006-10-17T03:06:26Z 130.54.12.244 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region III<br>CENTRAL LUZON | map_file = Ph_locator_region_3.png | center = [[San Fernando City, Pampanga|City of San Fernando]], [[Pampanga]] | population = 8,204,742 | density_km2 = 382.1 | area_km2 = 21,470.30 | provinces = 7 | cities = 12 | municipalities = 118 | barangays = 3,102 | districts = 20 | languages = [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], , [[Sambal language|Sambal]], others | }} '''Central Luzon''' [[Regions of the Philippines|region]] contains the largest [[plain]] of the [[Philippines]] and produces most of the country's [[rice]] supply. That is why it is called the Rice Bowl of the Philippines. Its provinces are: [[Aurora (province)|Aurora]], [[Bataan]], [[Bulacan]], [[Nueva Ecija]], [[Pampanga]], [[Tarlac]], and [[Zambales]]. There are twelve [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]] which include: [[Balanga City|Balanga]] from Bataan; [[Cabanatuan City|Cabanatuan]], [[Gapan City|Gapan]], [[Science City of Muñoz|Muñoz]], [[Palayan City|Palayan]] and [[San Jose City, Nueva Ecija|San Jose]] from Nueva Ecija; [[Olongapo City|Olongapo]] from Zambales; [[Angeles City|Angeles]] and [[San Fernando City, Pampanga|San Fernando]] from Pampanga; [[San Jose del Monte City|San Jose del Monte]] and [[Malolos City|Malolos]] from Bulacan; and [[Tarlac City|Tarlac]] from Tarlac. The [[San Fernando City, Pampanga|City of San Fernando]], in Pampanga, is the regional center. Aurora was transferred from Region IV by [[Executive Order, Philippines|Executive Order]] No. 103. ==Political Divisions== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]/[[Cities of the Philippines|City]] !! Capital !! Population<br>([[2000]]) !! Area<br>([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density<br />(per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_aurora.png|20px]] |[[Aurora (province)|Aurora]] |[[Baler, Aurora|Baler]] |173,797 |3,239.5 |53.6 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_bataan.png|20px]] |[[Bataan]] |[[Balanga City]] |557,659 |1,202.7 |463.67 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_bulacan.png|20px]] |[[Bulacan]] |[[Malolos City]] |2,234,088 |2,625.0 |851.1 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_nueva ecija.png|20px]] |[[Nueva Ecija]] |[[Palayan City]] |1,659,883 |5,284.3 |314.1 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_of_pampanga.PNG|20px]] |[[Pampanga]] |[[San Fernando City, Pampanga|City of San Fernando]] |1,882,730 |2,118.74 |888.6 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_tarlac.png|20px]] |[[Tarlac]] |[[Tarlac City]] |1,068,783 |3,053.4 |350.0 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_zambales.png|20px]] |[[Zambales]] |[[Iba, Zambales|Iba]] |433,538 |3,714.4 |116.7 |- ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_pampanga_angeles city.jpg|20px]] |[[Angeles City]] |&mdash; |263,971 |62.16 |4,246.6 |- |''n.a.'' |[[Olongapo City]] |&mdash; |194,260 |170.30 |1141 |} <small>'''¹''' [[Angeles City]] and [[Olongapo City]] are highly urbanized cities; figures are excluded from [[Pampanga Province|Pampanga]] and [[Zambales Province|Zambales]] respectively. ===Cities=== *[[Balanga City]], [[Bataan]] *[[Cabanatuan City]], [[Nueva Ecija]] *[[Gapan City]], [[Nueva Ecija]] *[[Malolos City]], [[Bulacan]] *[[Science City of Muñoz]], [[Nueva Ecija]] *[[Palayan City]], [[Nueva Ecija]] *[[San Fernando City, Pampanga|City of San Fernando]], [[Pampanga]] *[[San Jose City, Nueva Ecija|San Jose City]], [[Nueva Ecija]] *[[San Jose del Monte City]], [[Bulacan]] *[[Tarlac City]], [[Tarlac]] {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[es:Luzón Central]] [[id:Central Luzon]] [[ilo:Tengnga a Luzon]] [[ja:中部ルソン地方]] [[no:Central Luzon]] [[nl:Central Luzon]] [[pam:Kalibudtarang Luzon]] [[tl:Gitnang Luzon]] [[de:Central Luzon]] 462 1226 2006-10-17T21:37:49Z Arikasikis 11 <div style="text-align: center; clear:both; margin: 1.5em 0em"> {| class="toccolours" style="margin: auto; line-height: 1.5; text-align: left;" |- | style="background:#ccccff; font-size: larger;" align="center" | '''[[Saray Region na Filipinas|Saray Region]] na [[Filipinas]]''' |- |style="padding:0px 5px" | [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon|I]] | [[Valley na Cagayan|II]] | [[Pegley na Luzon|III]] | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]] | [[MIMARO|IV-B]] | [[Bicol Region|V]] | [[Sagor na Visayas|VI]] | [[Pegley na Visayas|VII]] | [[Bokig na Visayas|VIII]] | [[Zamboanga Peninsula|IX]] | [[Baybay na Mindanao|X]] | [[Davao Region|XI]] | [[SOCCSKSARGEN|XII]] | [[Caraga|XIII]] | [[Metro Manila|NCR]] | [[Cordillera Administrative Region|CAR]] | [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao|ARMM]] |} </div> 463 1189 2006-10-17T03:22:58Z 130.54.12.244 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region I | map_file = Ph_locator_region_1.png | center = [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], [[La Union province|La Union]] | population = 4,200,478 | density_km2 = 327 | area_km2 = 12,840 | provinces = 4 | cities = 9 | municipalities = 116 | barangays = 3,265 | districts = 12 | languages = [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]], [[Bolinao language|Bolinao]]| }} '''Baybay-sagor na Luzon Region (Northwestern Luzon Region)''' or '''Region 1''' of the [[Philippines]] is located in the northwestern part of [[Luzon]]. It is bounded by [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] and [[Cagayan Valley]] to the east, [[Central Luzon]] to the south and by the [[South China Sea]] to the west. The region is composed of four [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely: [[Ilocos Norte]], [[Ilocos Sur]], [[La Union]] and [[Pangasinan]]. Its regional center is [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], La Union. The region is occupied 70% by Ilocanos and 28% by Pangasinenses. Although the Philippine government designated Region 1 as the Ilocos Region, many people find the designated name of the region as ethno-centric. Many people find the name '''Northwestern Region''', which is geographically deduced, as the more appropriate term. ==People and culture== The Ilocos provinces of Region 1 is the historical homeland of the Ilocanos. The Ilocanos have the following percentage of the population inside the bracket in each province: Pangasinan (43%), La Union (92%), Ilocos Norte (97%), and Ilocos Sur (93%). Pangasinan is the historical homeland of the [[Pangasinense|Pangasinenses]]. The population of Pangasinan composed around 60% of the whole population of the region. The Pangasinenses presently constitute around 50% of the population of the province. The province was not originally part of the Region 1. It was only during the time of President Marcos, when Pangasinan was included in the province. Minority groups include the [[Tingguian]] and [[Isneg]] communities that inhabit the foothills of the Cordillera mountains. The population is predominantly [[Roman Catholic]] with strong adherents of [[Protestantism]] such as the [[Aglipayan]] denomination further north of the country. There is also an undercurrent of traditional animistic beliefs especially in rural areas. The small mercantile [[China|Chinese]] and [[India]]n communities are primarily [[Buddhist]]s and [[Hindu]]s respectively ==Economy== Although the economy in the southern portion of the region, esp. [[Pangasinan]], is anchored in agro-industial and service industry, the economy in the northern portion of the region is anchored in the agricultural sector. The economy in Pangasinan is driven by agro-industrial businesses, such as milkfish (bangus) cultivation and processing, livestock raising, fish paste processing (bagoong), and others. At the same time the importance of trading, financial services, and educational services in the economy cannot be denied. Income in the northern portion mostly come from cultivating rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, and fruits; raising livestock such as pigs, chicken, goats, and carabaos (water buffalos). The distribution of the economic activity in the region may be seen from the collection of tax revenue of the national government. According to the data from the [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru1/|National Statistical Coordination Board], the bulk of the collections come from Pangasinan, which posted 61% of the total. The service and light manufacturing industries are concentrated in the cities. [[Dagupan City]] is mostly driven by its local entrepreneurs, which have started to expand its network up to the national level. San Fernando City in La Union also has an active shipping port and Laoag City in Ilocos Norte has a growing international airport. The government is one of the largest employers along with multinational corporations like Coca-Cola. The tourism industry focuses on the coastal beaches and on eco-tourism. There are fine sands stretching along Bauang, La Union and the rest of the region. Opportunities to engage in other water sports and activities abound. Eco-tourism takes advantage of the marine and forest resources in the region and displays the natural beauty of the Ilocos. The region is also rich in crafts, with renowned blanket-weaving and pottery. Their ''burnay'' pottery is well known for its dark colored clay. ==Political Division== Region 1 is composed of 4 [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] and a total of 9 [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]]. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population<br>([[2000]]) !! Area<br>([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density<br />(per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ilocos_norte.png|20px]] |[[Ilocos Norte]] |[[Laoag City]] |514,241 |3,399.3 |151.3 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png|20px]] |[[Ilocos Sur]] |[[Vigan City]] |594,206 |2,579.6 |230.3 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_la_union.png|20px]] |[[La Union]] |[[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]] |657,945 |1,493.1 |440.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_pangasinan.png|20px]] |[[Pangasinan]] |[[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] |2,434,086 |5,368.2 |453.4 |} ====Component Cities==== *[[Alaminos City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[Candon City]], [[Ilocos Sur]] *[[Dagupan City ]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[Laoag City]], [[Ilocos Norte]] *[[Urdaneta City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[San Carlos City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], [[La Union]] *[[Vigan City]], [[Ilocos Sur]] ===Physical=== Region 1 occupies the narrow plain between the [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordillera Central]] mountain range and the [[South China Sea]]. It also occupies the northern portion of the Central Luzon plain, to the northeast of the [[Zambales Mountains]]. [[Lingayen Gulf]] is the most notable body of water in the region and it contains a number of islands, including the [[Hundred Islands National Park]]. To the north of the region is [[Luzon Strait]]. The [[Agno]] [[river]] runs through [[Pangasinan]] and empties into Lingayen Gulf. The river flow into a broad delta in the vicinity of [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] and [[Dagupan City]]. ==Tourist Attractions== '''Hundred Islands National Park.''' Located in the [[Lingayen Gulf]] in [[Pangasinan]], the watery park is dotted by 123 small, pristine islands. Three islands have been developed for tourists. '''Vigan colonial houses.''' [[Vigan City]] is famous for its cobblestone streets and Spanish-style houses, an architectural remnant of its colonial past. The Mestizo District displays mansions typical of the era. They were owned by prominent Ilocano-Chinese merchant families of that time, hence [[mestizo]] or "mixed race." '''Ancient churches.''' The region is dotted by old Catholic churches built by natives for the Spanish. Famous churches can be found in Vigan City, once the seat of the Bishop of Nueva Segovia, and in Manaoag, Pangasinan. ==History== Region 1 was first inhabited by the aboriginal Negritos before they were pushed by successive waves of Malay immigrants that penetrated the narrow coast. Tingguians in the interior, Ilocanos in the north, and Pangasinense in the south settled the region. The Spanish arrived in the 16th century and established Christian missions and governmental institutions to control the native population and convert them to the Roman Catholic church. Present-day Vigan City in Ilocos Sur province became the bishopric seat of Nueva Segovia. Proud Ilocanos in the northern parts were less easily swayed, however, and remained an area filled with deep resentments against Spain. These resentments bubbled to the surface at various points in the region's history as insurrections. According to Nick Joaquin in his book Culture and History, the Pangasinenses were the last to be stand against the Spaniards. The most notable of the rebellions were that of [[Andres Malong]] and [[Palaris]] of Pangasinan,[[Diego Silang]] and his wife [[Gabriela Silang]] in 1764, and the Basi Revolt in the 19th century. In 1901, the region went under American colonial rule, and in 1941, under Japanese occupation. Several modern presidents of the Republic of the Philippines hailed from the Region: [[Elpidio Quirino]], [[Ferdinand Marcos]], and [[Fidel Ramos]]. Before the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] was formed, Region 1 also included the provinces of [[Abra (province)|Abra]], [[Mountain Province]], and [[Benguet]]. {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[ceb:Rehiyon sa Ilokos]] [[de:Ilocos Region]] [[es:Región de Ilocos]] [[fr:Région d'Ilocos]] [[id:Ilocos Region]] [[ilo:Rehion ti Ilocos]] [[ja:イロコス地方]] [[nl:Ilocos Region]] [[no:Ilocos Region]] [[tl:Ilocos]] 464 1225 2006-10-17T21:37:19Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region I | map_file = Ph_locator_region_1.png | center = [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], [[La Union province|La Union]] | population = 4,200,478 | density_km2 = 327 | area_km2 = 12,840 | provinces = 4 | cities = 9 | municipalities = 116 | barangays = 3,265 | districts = 12 | languages = [[Salitan Pangasinan|Pangasinan]], [[Salitan Iloko|Ilokano]], [[Salitan Bolinao|Bolinao]], [[Salitan English|English]]| }} '''Sagor na Baybay na Luzon Region (Northwestern Luzon Region)''' or '''Region 1''' of the [[Philippines]] is located in the northwestern part of [[Luzon]]. It is bounded by [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] and [[Cagayan Valley]] to the east, [[Central Luzon]] to the south and by the [[South China Sea]] to the west. The region is composed of four [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely: [[Ilocos Norte]], [[Ilocos Sur]], [[La Union]] and [[Pangasinan]]. Its regional center is [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], La Union. The region is occupied 70% by Ilocanos and 28% by Pangasinenses. Although the Philippine government designated Region 1 as the Ilocos Region, many people find the designated name of the region as ethno-centric. Many people find the name '''Northwestern Region''', which is geographically deduced, as the more appropriate term. ==People and culture== The Ilocos provinces of Region 1 is the historical homeland of the Ilocanos. The Ilocanos have the following percentage of the population inside the bracket in each province: Pangasinan (43%), La Union (92%), Ilocos Norte (97%), and Ilocos Sur (93%). Pangasinan is the historical homeland of the [[Pangasinense|Pangasinenses]]. The population of Pangasinan composed around 60% of the whole population of the region. The Pangasinenses presently constitute around 50% of the population of the province. The province was not originally part of the Region 1. It was only during the time of President Marcos, when Pangasinan was included in the province. Minority groups include the [[Tingguian]] and [[Isneg]] communities that inhabit the foothills of the Cordillera mountains. The population is predominantly [[Roman Catholic]] with strong adherents of [[Protestantism]] such as the [[Aglipayan]] denomination further north of the country. There is also an undercurrent of traditional animistic beliefs especially in rural areas. The small mercantile [[China|Chinese]] and [[India]]n communities are primarily [[Buddhist]]s and [[Hindu]]s respectively ==Economy== Although the economy in the southern portion of the region, esp. [[Pangasinan]], is anchored in agro-industial and service industry, the economy in the northern portion of the region is anchored in the agricultural sector. The economy in Pangasinan is driven by agro-industrial businesses, such as milkfish (bangus) cultivation and processing, livestock raising, fish paste processing (bagoong), and others. At the same time the importance of trading, financial services, and educational services in the economy cannot be denied. Income in the northern portion mostly come from cultivating rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, and fruits; raising livestock such as pigs, chicken, goats, and carabaos (water buffalos). The distribution of the economic activity in the region may be seen from the collection of tax revenue of the national government. According to the data from the [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru1/|National Statistical Coordination Board], the bulk of the collections come from Pangasinan, which posted 61% of the total. The service and light manufacturing industries are concentrated in the cities. [[Dagupan City]] is mostly driven by its local entrepreneurs, which have started to expand its network up to the national level. San Fernando City in La Union also has an active shipping port and Laoag City in Ilocos Norte has a growing international airport. The government is one of the largest employers along with multinational corporations like Coca-Cola. The tourism industry focuses on the coastal beaches and on eco-tourism. There are fine sands stretching along Bauang, La Union and the rest of the region. Opportunities to engage in other water sports and activities abound. Eco-tourism takes advantage of the marine and forest resources in the region and displays the natural beauty of the Ilocos. The region is also rich in crafts, with renowned blanket-weaving and pottery. Their ''burnay'' pottery is well known for its dark colored clay. ==Political Division== Region 1 is composed of 4 [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] and a total of 9 [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]]. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population<br>([[2000]]) !! Area<br>([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density<br />(per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ilocos_norte.png|20px]] |[[Ilocos Norte]] |[[Laoag City]] |514,241 |3,399.3 |151.3 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png|20px]] |[[Ilocos Sur]] |[[Vigan City]] |594,206 |2,579.6 |230.3 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_la_union.png|20px]] |[[La Union]] |[[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]] |657,945 |1,493.1 |440.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_pangasinan.png|20px]] |[[Pangasinan]] |[[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] |2,434,086 |5,368.2 |453.4 |} ====Component Cities==== *[[Alaminos City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[Candon City]], [[Ilocos Sur]] *[[Dagupan City ]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[Laoag City]], [[Ilocos Norte]] *[[Urdaneta City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[San Carlos City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], [[La Union]] *[[Vigan City]], [[Ilocos Sur]] ===Physical=== Region 1 occupies the narrow plain between the [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordillera Central]] mountain range and the [[South China Sea]]. It also occupies the northern portion of the Central Luzon plain, to the northeast of the [[Zambales Mountains]]. [[Lingayen Gulf]] is the most notable body of water in the region and it contains a number of islands, including the [[Hundred Islands National Park]]. To the north of the region is [[Luzon Strait]]. The [[Agno]] [[river]] runs through [[Pangasinan]] and empties into Lingayen Gulf. The river flow into a broad delta in the vicinity of [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] and [[Dagupan City]]. ==Tourist Attractions== '''Hundred Islands National Park.''' Located in the [[Lingayen Gulf]] in [[Pangasinan]], the watery park is dotted by 123 small, pristine islands. Three islands have been developed for tourists. '''Vigan colonial houses.''' [[Vigan City]] is famous for its cobblestone streets and Spanish-style houses, an architectural remnant of its colonial past. The Mestizo District displays mansions typical of the era. They were owned by prominent Ilocano-Chinese merchant families of that time, hence [[mestizo]] or "mixed race." '''Ancient churches.''' The region is dotted by old Catholic churches built by natives for the Spanish. Famous churches can be found in Vigan City, once the seat of the Bishop of Nueva Segovia, and in Manaoag, Pangasinan. ==History== Region 1 was first inhabited by the aboriginal Negritos before they were pushed by successive waves of Malay immigrants that penetrated the narrow coast. Tingguians in the interior, Ilocanos in the north, and Pangasinense in the south settled the region. The Spanish arrived in the 16th century and established Christian missions and governmental institutions to control the native population and convert them to the Roman Catholic church. Present-day Vigan City in Ilocos Sur province became the bishopric seat of Nueva Segovia. Proud Ilocanos in the northern parts were less easily swayed, however, and remained an area filled with deep resentments against Spain. These resentments bubbled to the surface at various points in the region's history as insurrections. According to Nick Joaquin in his book Culture and History, the Pangasinenses were the last to be stand against the Spaniards. The most notable of the rebellions were that of [[Andres Malong]] and [[Palaris]] of Pangasinan,[[Diego Silang]] and his wife [[Gabriela Silang]] in 1764, and the Basi Revolt in the 19th century. In 1901, the region went under American colonial rule, and in 1941, under Japanese occupation. Several modern presidents of the Republic of the Philippines hailed from the Region: [[Elpidio Quirino]], [[Ferdinand Marcos]], and [[Fidel Ramos]]. Before the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] was formed, Region 1 also included the provinces of [[Abra (province)|Abra]], [[Mountain Province]], and [[Benguet]]. {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[ceb:Rehiyon sa Ilokos]] [[de:Ilocos Region]] [[es:Región de Ilocos]] [[fr:Région d'Ilocos]] [[id:Ilocos Region]] [[ilo:Rehion ti Ilocos]] [[ja:イロコス地方]] [[nl:Ilocos Region]] [[no:Ilocos Region]] [[tl:Ilocos]] 465 1196 2006-10-17T03:29:56Z 130.54.12.244 {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region IV-A<br>CALABARZON | map_file = Ph_locator_region_4a.png | center = [[Calamba City]], [[Laguna Province|Laguna]] | population = 9,320,629 | density_km2 = 574.3 | area_km2 = 16,228.6 | provinces = 5 | cities = 11 | municipalities = 131 | barangays = 4,012 | districts = 19 | languages = [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]| }} '''CALABARZON''' is one of the [[Regions of the Philippines|regions]] of the [[Philippines]]. It is also designated as '''Region IV-A''' and its regional capital is [[Calamba City]] in [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]. The region is composed of five [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely: [[Cavite]], [[Laguna]], [[Batangas]], [[Rizal]], and [[Quezon]]. The region's name is an [[acronym]] of the names of these provinces. The region is located in southwestern [[Luzon]], just south and west of [[Metro Manila]] and is the second most densely populated region. CALABARZON and [[MIMAROPA]] were previously combined together as [[Southern Tagalog]], until they were separated in [[2002]]. Executive Order No. 246, dated [[October 28]], [[2003]], designated [[Calamba City]] as the regional center of CALABARZON. ==Political Divisions== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population<br>([[2000]]) !! Area<br>([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density<br />(per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_batangas.png|20px]] |[[Batangas]] |[[Batangas City]] |1,905,348 |3,165.8 |601.8 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_cavite.png|20px]] |[[Cavite]] |[[Trece Martires City]] |2,063,161 |1,287.6 |1,602.3 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_laguna.png|20px]] |[[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] |[[Santa Cruz, Laguna|Santa Cruz]] |1,965,872 |1,759.7 |1,117.2 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_quezon.png|20px]] |[[Quezon]] |[[Lucena City]] |1,463,030 |8,706.6 |171.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_rizal.png|20px]] |[[Rizal Province|Rizal]] |[[Antipolo City]] |1,707,143 |1,308.9 |1,304.3 |- ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_quezon_lucena.png|20px]] |[[Lucena City]]'''¹''' |&mdash; |196,075 |56.3 |2,483 |} <small>'''¹''' [[Lucena City]] is a highly urbanized city; figures are excluded from [[Quezon Province]]. ===Component Cities=== *[[Antipolo City]], [[Rizal Province|Rizal]] *[[Batangas City]], [[Batangas]] *[[Calamba City]], [[Laguna Province|Laguna]] *[[Cavite City]], [[Cavite]] *[[Lipa City]], [[Batangas]] *[[San Pablo City]], [[Laguna Province|Laguna]] *[[Santa Rosa City]], [[Laguna Province|Laguna]] *[[Tagaytay City]], [[Cavite]] *[[Tanauan City]], [[Batangas]] *[[Trece Martires City]], [[Cavite]] {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} {{philippines-geo-stub}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[de:CALABARZON]] [[es:Calabarzón]] [[fr:Calabarzón]] [[ilo:CALABARZON]] [[ja:カラバルソン地方]] [[sv:CALABARZON]] [[tl:CALABARZON]] 466 1209 2006-10-17T03:59:27Z 130.54.12.243 {| class="toccolours" align="center" width="94%" style="text-align:center; font-size:87%; clear:both" ! width="80px" | [[Image:Flag of the Philippines.svg|80px]] ! style="background-color: #bce" | <span style="font-size:145%">[[Filipinas]]</span> !rowspan=2 width="50px" | [[Image:Coat of arms of Philippines.png|50px]] |- ! style="background-color: #bce" | Kabesera | '''[[Manila]]'''&nbsp;| [[Metro Manila|National Capital Region]] |- ! style="background-color: #bce" | [[Luyag ed Filipinas|Saray Luyag]] |colspan=2 style="background-color: #eee"| [[Abra (province)|Abra]]&nbsp;| [[Agusan ed Baybay]]&nbsp;| [[Agusan ed Abalaten]]&nbsp;| [[Aklan]]&nbsp;| [[Albay]]&nbsp;| [[Antique (province)|Antique]]&nbsp;| [[Apayao]]&nbsp;| [[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]&nbsp;| [[Basilan]]&nbsp;| [[Bataan]]&nbsp;| [[Batanes]]&nbsp;| [[Batangas]]&nbsp;| [[Benguet]]&nbsp;| [[Biliran]]&nbsp;| [[Bohol]]&nbsp;| [[Bukidnon]]&nbsp;| [[Bulacan]]&nbsp;| [[Cagayan]]&nbsp;| [[Camarines ed Baybay]]&nbsp;| [[Camarines Sur]]&nbsp;| [[Camiguin]]&nbsp;| [[Capiz]]&nbsp;| [[Catanduanes]]&nbsp;| [[Cavite]]&nbsp;| [[Cebu]]&nbsp;| [[Valley diad Compostela]]&nbsp;| [[Cotabato]]&nbsp;| [[Davao ed Baybay]]&nbsp;| [[Davao ed Abalaten]]&nbsp;| [[Davao ed Bokig]]&nbsp;| [[Bokig na Samar]]&nbsp;| [[Guimaras]]&nbsp;| [[Ifugao]]&nbsp;| [[Ilocos ed Baybay]]&nbsp;| [[Ilocos ed Abalaten]]&nbsp;| [[Iloilo]]&nbsp;| [[Isabela (province)|Isabela]]&nbsp;| [[Kalinga]]&nbsp;| [[La Union]]&nbsp;| [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]&nbsp;| [[Lanao ed Baybay]]&nbsp;| [[Lanao ed Abalaten]]&nbsp;| [[Leyte]]&nbsp;| [[Maguindanao]]&nbsp;| [[Marinduque]]&nbsp;| [[Masbate]]&nbsp;| [[Misamis ed Sagor]]&nbsp;| [[Misamis Oriental]]&nbsp;| [[Luyag na Palandey]]&nbsp;| [[Negros ed Sagor]]&nbsp;| [[Negros ed Bokig]]&nbsp;| [[Baybay na Samar]]&nbsp;| [[Balon Ecija]]&nbsp;| [[Balon Vizcaya]]&nbsp;| [[Mindoro ed Baybay]]&nbsp;| [[Mindoro ed Bokid]]&nbsp;| [[Palawan]]&nbsp;| [[Pampanga]]&nbsp;| [[Pangasinan]]&nbsp;| [[Quezon]]&nbsp;| [[Quirino]]&nbsp;| [[Rizal]]&nbsp;| [[Romblon]]&nbsp;| [[Samar]]&nbsp;| [[Sarangani]]&nbsp;| [[Siquijor]]&nbsp;| [[Sorsogon]]&nbsp;| [[Cotabato ed Abalaten]]&nbsp;| [[Abalaten na Leyte]]&nbsp;| [[Sultan Kudarat]]&nbsp;| [[Sulu]]&nbsp;| [[Surigao ed Baybay]]&nbsp;| [[Surigao ed Abalaten]]&nbsp;| [[Tarlac]]&nbsp;| [[Tawi-Tawi]]&nbsp;| [[Zambales]]&nbsp;| [[Zamboanga ed Baybay]]&nbsp;| [[Zamboanga ed Abalaten]]&nbsp;| [[Zamboanga Sibugay]] |- !style="background-color: #bce" | [[Administrative divisions of the Philippines|Political divisions]] |colspan=2| [[Regions of the Philippines|Regions]]&nbsp;| [[Cities of the Philippines|Cities]]&nbsp;| [[Municipalities of the Philippines|Municipalities]]&nbsp;| [[Barangay]]s&nbsp; |- !2 style="background-color: #bce" | Territorial<br>disputes |colspan=2 style="background-color: #eee"| [[Sabah]]&nbsp;| [[Scarborough Shoal]] | [[Spratly Islands]] |} 467 1204 2006-10-17T03:48:25Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region II<br>CAGAYAN VALLEY | map_file = Ph_locator_region_2.png | center = [[Tuguegarao City]] | population = 2,813,159 | density_km2 = 104.8 | area_km2 = 26,837.0 | provinces = 5 | cities = 3 | municipalities = 90 | barangays = 2,311 | districts = 10 | languages = [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], [[Ibanag language|Ibanag]], [[Ivatan language|Ivatan]], [[Itawis language|Itawis]], [[Gaddang language|Gaddang]], others | }} '''Cagayan Valley''' ('''''Lambak ng Cagayan''''' in [[Filipino language|Filipino]]) is a [[Regions of the Philippines|region]] of the [[Philippines]], also designated as '''Region II''' or ''Region 02''. It is composed of five [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely: [[Batanes Province|Batanes]], [[Cagayan Province|Cagayan]], [[Isabela Province|Isabela]], [[Nueva Vizcaya]], and [[Quirino Province|Quirino]]. Its regional center is [[Tuguegarao City]]. Most of the region lies in a large valley in northeastern [[Luzon]], between the [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordilleras]] and the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] mountain ranges. [[Cagayan River]], the country's longest [[river]] runs through its center and flows out to [[Luzon Strait]] in the north, in the town of [[Aparri, Cagayan]]. The Babuyan and Batanes island groups that lie in the Luzon Strait also belong to the region. ==Political Divisions== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]/[[Cities of the Philippines|City]] !! Capital !! Population<br>([[2000]]) !! Area<br>([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density<br />(per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_batanes.png|20px]] |[[Batanes]] |[[Basco, Batanes|Basco]] |16,467 |209.3 |78.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_cagayan.png|20px]] |[[Cagayan Province|Cagayan]] |[[Tuguegarao City]] |993,580 |9,002.0 |110.4 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_isabela.png|20px]] |[[Isabela Province|Isabela]] |[[Ilagan, Isabela|Ilagan]] |1,287,575 |10,664.6 |120.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_nueva vizcaya.png|20px]] |[[Nueva Vizcaya]] |[[Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya|Bayombong]] |366,962 |3,903.9 |94.0 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_quirino.png|20px]] |[[Quirino]] |[[Cabarroguis, Quirino|Cabarroguis]] |148,575 |3,057.2 |48.6 |} ===Component Cities=== *[[Cauayan City]], [[Isabela Province|Isabela]] *[[Santiago City]]'''¹''', [[Isabela Province|Isabela]] *[[Tuguegarao City]], [[Cagayan Province|Cagayan]] <small>'''¹''' [[Santiago City]] is an independent component city.</small> {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[de:Cagayan Valley]] [[es:Valle del Cagayán (Luzón)]] [[fr:Vallée de Cagayan]] [[ilo:Tanap ti Cagayan]] [[id:Lembah Cagayan]] [[nl:Cagayan Valley]] [[ja:カガヤン・バレー地方]] [[no:Cagayan Valley]] [[tl:Lambak ng Cagayan]] 468 1205 2006-10-17T03:50:19Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region IV-B<br>MIMARO | map_file = Ph_locator_region_4b.png | center = [[Calapan City]], [[Oriental Mindoro]] | population = 1,543,817 | density_km2 = 122.9 | area_km2 = 12,559.8 | provinces = 4 | cities = 1 | municipalities = 48 | barangays = 1,025 | districts = 5 | languages = [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], [[Romblomanon language|Romblomanon]], [[Asi language|Asi]], [[Onhan language|Onhan]], and languages spoken by [[Mangyan]]s | }} '''MIMARO''', also known as '''Region IV-B''', is a [[Regions of the Philippines|region]] of the [[Philippines]] located in [[Luzon]]. The name is an [[acronym]] that stands for its [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], which are: [[Occidental Mindoro]], [[Oriental Mindoro]], [[Marinduque]], and [[Romblon]]. There is only one [[Cities of the Philippines|city]] in the entire region: [[Calapan City]] in [[Oriental Mindoro]]. ==History== Executive Order No. 103, dated May 17, 2002, divided Region IV (Southern Tagalog) into MIMAROPA and [[CALABARZON|Region IV-A (CALABARZON)]]. Executive Order No. 429, dated May 23, 2005, transferred [[Palawan]] to [[Western Visayas|Region VI]] Administrative Order No. 129 was issued on [[August 19]], 2005, to "resolve" the negative backlash and as part of the supervison of the transfer process of Palawan from '''MIMAROPA''' to '''[[Western Visayas]]'''. ==Political Divisions== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population<br>([[2000]]) !! Area<br>([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density<br />(per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_marinduque.png|20px]] |[[Marinduque]] |[[Boac, Marinduque|Boac]] |217,392 |959.3 |226.6 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_occidental mindoro.png|20px]] |[[Occidental Mindoro]] |[[Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro|Mamburao]] |380,250 |5,879.9 |64.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_oriental mindoro.png|20px]] |[[Oriental Mindoro]] |[[Calapan City]] |681,818 |4,364.7 |156.2 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_romblon.png|20px]] |[[Romblon]] |[[Romblon, Romblon|Romblon]] |264,357 |1,355.9 |195.0 |} ===Component City=== *[[Calapan City]], [[Oriental Mindoro]] ==Languages== [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] is spoken in the province of Marinduque as well as the northeastern and southerwestern coasts of Mindoro. In the interior of Mindoro, various languages are spoken by [[Mangyan]]s. They are [[Iraya language|Iraya]], [[Alangan language|Alangan]], [[Tawbuid language|Tawbuid]], [[Hanunoo language|Hanunoo]], [[Tadyawan language|Tadyawan]], [[Buhid language|Buhid]], and [[Ratagnon language|Ratagnon]]. The later is a Visayan language with less than three speakers. In Romblon, there are three main languages: [[Romblomanon language|Romblomanon]], [[Asi language|Asi]], and [[Onhan language|Onhan]]. These languages belong to the [[Visayan languages|Visayan]] language family. {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[de:MIMARO]] [[es:MIMARO]] [[ilo:MIMARO]] [[nl:MIMARO]] [[ja:ミマロパ地方]] [[sv:MIMARO]] [[tl:MIMARO]] 469 1206 2006-10-17T03:51:34Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region V<br>BICOL REGION | map_file = Ph_locator_region_5.png | center = [[Legazpi City]], [[Albay]] | population = 4,674,855 | density_km2 = 265.1 | area_km2 = 17,632.5| provinces = 6 | cities = 7 | municipalities = 107 | barangays = 3,471 | districts = 14 | languages = [[Bikol languages|Bikol]], [[Masbatenyo language|Masbatenyo]], [[Sorsoganon language|Sorsoganon]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]| }} '''Bicol Region''' or '''Bicolandia''' is one of the 16 [[Regions of the Philippines|regions]] of the [[Philippines]] occupying the [[Bicol Peninsula]] at the southeastern end of [[Luzon]] island and some other islands. It consists of six [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely, [[Albay]], [[Camarines Norte]], [[Camarines Sur]], [[Catanduanes]], [[Masbate]], and [[Sorsogon]]. It has one independent chartered [[Cities of the Philippines|city]], [[Naga City]], and six component [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]], [[Iriga City]], [[Legazpi City]], [[Ligao City]], [[Masbate City]], [[Sorsogon City]], and [[Tabaco City]]. The inhabitants speak one of the [[Bikol language| Bikol]] languages, [[Masbatenyo language|Masbatenyo]], or a Warayan language, and the commercial/financial centers and transportation hubs are [[Legazpi City]], the Regional Center and the Gateway City to Bicolandia, and [[Naga City]], The Heart of Bicol and The Home of Our Lady of Peñafrancia. The Bicol region is often seen as the epicenter of the [[counterculture]] and [[liberal politics]] in the Philippines. As many of its inhabitants seem to oppose many [[right-wing]] governments and ideology in which they blame for [[political corruption|corruption]]. The region has a political reputation of being the most liberal region in the highly conservative Archipelago. It is also a stronghold for the [[National Democratic Front]]. ==Political Divisions== Bicol is composed of six [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] and 7 [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]]. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population<br>([[2000]]) !! Area<br>([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density<br />(per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_albay.png|20px]] |[[Albay]] |[[Legazpi City]] |1,090,907 |2,552.6 |427.4 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_camarines_norte.png|20px]] |[[Camarines Norte]] |[[Daet, Camarines Norte|Daet]] |458,840 |2,112.5 |217.2 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_camarines_sur.png |20px]] |[[Camarines Sur]] |[[Pili, Camarines Sur|Pili]] |1,551,549 |5,266.8 |294.6 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_catanduanes.png|20px]] |[[Catanduanes]] |[[Virac, Catanduanes|Virac]] |215,356 |1,511.5 |142.5 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_masbate.png|20px]] |[[Masbate]] |[[Masbate City]] |707,668 |4,047.7 |174.8 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_sorsogon.png|20px]] |[[Sorsogon]] |[[Sorsogon City]] |650,535 |2,141.4 |303.8 |} ===Component Cities=== *[[Legazpi City]], [[Albay]] *[[Ligao City]], [[Albay]] *[[Tabaco City]], [[Albay]] *[[Iriga City]], [[Camarines Sur]] *[[Naga City]]'''¹''', [[Camarines Sur]] *[[Masbate City]], [[Masbate]] *[[Sorsogon City]], [[Sorsogon]] ==Languages== The [[Bikol languages]] are the dominant languages of the region. [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] is also spoken in most of Camarines Norte as well as in the municipality of [[Del Gallego, Camarines Sur]]. Two [[Visayan languages]], [[Sorsoganon language|Sorsoganon]] and [[Masbatenyo language|Masbatenyo]], are spoken in Masbate and Sorsogon; they are collectively referred to as [[Bisakol language|Bisakol]]. <small>'''¹''' [[Naga City]] is an indepedent component city. </small> {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[de:Bicol Region]] [[ilo:Rehion ti Bicol]] [[ja:ビコル地方]] [[nl:Bicol Region]] [[tl:Bicol]] 470 1208 2006-10-17T03:57:39Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Cordillera<br>Administrative Region | map_file = Ph_locator_car.png | center = [[Baguio City]] | population = 1,365,220 | density_km2 = 75 | area_km2 = 18,294 | provinces = 6 | cities = 1 | municipalities = 76 | barangays = 1176 | districts = 7 | languages = [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], [[Kalinga language|Kalinga]], [[Kankanaey language|Kankanaey]], [[Ifugao language|Ifugao]], [[Itneg language|Itneg]], [[Isneg language|Isneg]], [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinense]], others | }} The '''Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)''' of the [[Philippines]] is a [[Landlocked country|land-locked]] region consists of the [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] of [[Abra (Philippines)|Abra]], [[Benguet]], [[Ifugao]], [[Kalinga Province|Kalinga]], [[Mountain Province]] and [[Apayao Province|Apayao]]. [[Baguio City]] is the regional center. The Cordillera region encompasses most of the areas within the [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordillera Central]] mountain range of Luzon, the largest range in the country. This region is home to numerous [[indigenous people|indigenous tribes]] collectively called the [[Igorot]]. The Cordillera Administrative Region is the only landlocked region in the country. ==Economy== Cordillera has abundant mineral reserves. These include metallic ores such as gold, copper, silver, zinc, and non-metallic minerals like sand, gravel and sulfur. Mineral reserves are found in all the provinces. However, mining is concentrated in Benguet. ==Geography== ===Political Divisions=== CAR is subdivided into 6 [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] and [[Baguio City]]. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]/[[Cities of the Philippines|City]] !! Capital !! Population<br>([[2000]]) !! Area<br>([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density<br />(per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_abra.png|20px]] |[[Abra (province)|Abra]] |[[Bangued, Abra|Bangued]] |209,491 |3,975.6 |52.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_apayao.png|20px]] |[[Apayao]] |[[Kabugao, Apayao|Kabugao]] |97,129 |3,927.9 |24.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_benguet.png|20px]] |[[Benguet]] |[[La Trinidad, Benguet|La Trinidad]] |330,129 |2,599.4 |127.0 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ifugao.png|20px]] |[[Ifugao]] |[[Lagawe, Ifugao|Lagawe]] |161,623 |2,517.8 |64.2 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_kalinga.png|20px]] |[[Kalinga]] |[[Tabuk, Kalinga|Tabuk]] |174,023 |3,119.7 |55.8 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_mountain_province.png|20px]] |[[Mountain Province]] |[[Bontoc, Mountain Province|Bontoc]] |140,439 |2,097.3 |67.0 |- ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_baguio.png|20px]] |[[Baguio City]] |&mdash; |252,386 |57.5 |4,839.3 |} <small>'''¹''' [[Baguio City]] is a highly urbanized city; figures are excluded from [[Benguet Province]]. ===Physical=== Almost the whole region is situated in the mountainous [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordillera Central]] range. Located there is [[Mount Pulag]], the second highest mountain in the country, rising at 2,922 meters. Various rivers start here, like the [[Cagayan River]] and the [[Agno River]]. ==Tourist attractions== Tourist attractions in the region include the world famous [[Banaue Rice Terraces]] in the province of [[Ifugao]]. This is supposedly considered as the "Eighth Wonder of the World". Natural attractions of the region include the Sumaguing Cave in Sagada and the mummy caves of [[Benguet]] and [[Mt. Province]]. There are four National Parks: Cassamata Hill, [[Mount Pulag]] (the second highest mountain in the Philippines with an elevation of 2,922 meters above sea level), Mt. Data and Balbalasang-Balbalan, located in the province of Kalinga. Kalinga is also offering world class white water rafting along the chico river. ==History== On [[July 15]], [[1987]], Executive Order No. 220 was issued creating the Cordillera Administrative Region. It is composed of provinces which used to be part of the Old Mountain Province. [[Republic Acts of the Philippines|Republic Act]] No. 6766 was passed on [[October 23]], [[1989]]. It provided for an Organic Act for the Cordillera Autonomous Region. It mandates the creation of an autonomous government to be headed by a Regional Governor. It creates a Regional Assembly that will enact laws of regional application and a regional judiciary composed of a supreme court and lower courts. The act also directs the proposed autonomous government in the Cordillera to exercise governmental functions, including the raising of taxes, but excluding defense, foreign affairs and monetary functions. However, the Constitution requires that the act has to be ratified by the people in a plebiscite. It was originally scheduled on [[December 27]] of the same year but was reset to [[January 30]] the following by virtue of the Commission on Elections. During the said plebiscite, it was only Ifugao which voted favorably. Republic Act No. 8438 dated [[December 22]], [[1997]] created the Cordillera Autonomous Region. In [[January]] [[1998]], a group of lawyers challenged the constitutionality of the act. A plebiscite held on March 9 of the same year was held and invalidated the act. The region was created but reduced to a regular administrative region. {{Luzon lateral}} {{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[de:Regierungsbezirk Cordillera]] [[ilo:Rehion Administrativo ti Cordillera]] [[nl:Cordillera Administrative Region]] [[ja:コルディリェラ行政地域]] [[tl:Cordillera Administrative Region]] 471 1211 2006-10-17T04:06:28Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0px 0px 10px 10px;float:right;width:300px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color:gold;font-size:120%;"|'''''Saint Augustine''''' |- |align="center" colspan="2" |[[Image:Augustine_of_Hippo.jpg|300px]] |- |align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="gold"|'''Bishop''' and '''Doctor of the Church''' |- |'''Born''' |[[November 13]], [[354]], Souk-Ahras, Algeria |- |'''Died''' |[[August 28]], [[430]], Hippo |- |'''[[Calendar of saints|Feast]]''' |[[August 28]] |- |'''Attributes''' |child; dove; pen; shell, pierced heart |- |'''[[Patron saint|Patronage]]''' |brewers; printers; sore eyes; theologians |- |'''[[Patron saint|Patron saint of these places:]]''' |[[Bridgeport, Connecticut]]; [[Cagayan de Oro, Philippines]]; [[Ida, Philippines]]; [[Kalamazoo Michigan]]; [[Saint Augustine, Florida]]; [[Superior, Wisconsin]]; [[Tucson, Arizona]] |- |} {{dablink|For the first Archbishop of Canterbury, see [[Saint Augustine of Canterbury]].}} '''Aurelius Augustinus''', '''Augustine of Hippo''', or '''Saint Augustine''' ([[November 13]], [[354]] &ndash; [[August 28]], [[430]]) was one of the most important figures in the development of [[Western Christianity]]. In [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]], he is a saint and pre-eminent [[Doctor of the Church]], and the patron of the [[Augustinians|Augustinian religious order]]. Many [[Protestantism|Protestants]], especially [[Calvinism|Calvinists]], consider him to be one of the theological fountainheads of [[Reformation]] teaching on [[salvation]] and [[divine grace|grace]]. Born in [[Africa]] as the eldest son of [[Monica of Hippo|Monica]], he was educated and baptized in [[Italy]]. His works&mdash;including ''[[Confessions (St. Augustine)|The Confessions]]'', which is often called the first Western [[autobiography]]&mdash;are still read around the world ==Life== Saint Augustine was born in [[354]] in [[Thagaste]] (present-day [[Souk Ahras]], [[Algeria]]), a provincial Roman city in [[North Africa]]. He was raised and went to primary school in Thagaste. At age seventeen he went to [[Carthage]] to continue his education in rhetoric. His mother Monica was a devout [[catholic]]<ref>Monica would have called herself a catholic. However the word catholic is not being used in the modern sense of Roman Catholic (capital 'C') versus Eastern Orthodox, but rather in the older sense of a follower of the [[Nicene Creed]], in that she was not a [[Donatist]] or [[Arian]], a significant distinction for the time.</ref> and his father [[Patricius]] a [[Paganism|pagan]], but Augustine followed the controversial [[Manichaeism|Manichaean]] religion, much to the horror of his mother. As a youth Augustine lived a hedonistic lifestyle for a time, and in Carthage, he developed a relationship with a young woman who would be his [[concubine]] for over fifteen years, with whom he had a son. His education and early career was in [[philosophy]] and [[rhetoric]], the art of persuasion and public speaking. He taught in Thagaste and Carthage, but desired to travel to Rome where he believed the best and brightest rhetoricians practiced. However, Augustine grew disappointed with the Roman schools, which he found apathetic. Once the time came for his students to pay their fees they simply fled. Manichean friends introduced him to the prefect of the City of Rome, [[Symmachus]], who had been asked to provide a professor of rhetoric for the imperial court at [[Milan]]. [[Image:Sainte Monique.jpg|left|thumb|"St Augustine and Monica" (1846), by [[Ary Scheffer]].]] The young provincial won the job and headed north to take up his position in late [[384]]. At age thirty, Augustine had won the most visible academic chair in the Latin world, at a time when such posts gave ready access to political careers. However, he felt the tensions of life at an imperial court, lamenting one day as he rode in his carriage to deliver a grand speech before the emperor, that a drunken beggar he passed on the street had a less careworn existence than he. His mother Monica pressured him to become a Catholic, but it was the bishop of Milan, [[Ambrose]], who had most influence over Augustine. Ambrose was a master of rhetoric like Augustine himself, but older and more experienced. Prompted in part by Ambrose's [[sermon]]s, and other studies, including a disappointing meeting with a key exponent of Manichaean theology, Augustine moved away from Manichaeism; but instead of becoming Catholic like Ambrose and Monica, he converted to a pagan [[Neoplatonism|Neoplatonic]] approach to truth, saying that for a time he had a sense of making real progress in his quest, although he eventually lapsed into skepticism. Augustine's mother had followed him to Milan and he allowed her to arrange a society marriage, for which he abandoned his concubine (however he had to wait two years until his fiancée came of age; he promptly took up in the meantime with another woman). It was during this period Augustine of Hippo uttered his famous prayer, "Grant me chastity and continence, but not yet" [da mihi castitatem et continentiam, sed noli modo] (Conf., VIII. vii (17)). In the summer of [[386]], after having read an account of the life of [[Anthony the Great|Saint Anthony of the Desert]] which greatly inspired him, Augustine underwent a profound personal crisis and decided to convert to Christianity, abandon his career in rhetoric, quit his teaching position in Milan, give up any ideas of marriage (much to the horror of his mother), and devote himself entirely to serving [[God]] and the practices of [[priesthood]], which included [[clerical celibacy|celibacy]]. Key to this conversion was the voice of a small girl he heard at one point telling him in a sing-song voice to "tolle lege" ("take up and read") the Bible, at which point he opened the Bible at random and fell upon the [[Epistle to the Romans]] 13:13, which reads: "Let us walk honestly, as in the day; not in rioting and drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and envying" (KJV). He would detail his spiritual journey in his famous ''[[Confessions (St. Augustine)|Confessions]]'', which went on to become a classic of both Christian theology and world literature. Ambrose baptized Augustine, along with his son, Adeodatus, on [[Easter]] day in [[387]], and soon thereafter in [[388]] he returned to Africa. On his way back to Africa his mother died, as did his son soon after, leaving him relatively alone in the world without family. Upon his return to north Africa he created a [[monastic]] foundation at Thagaste for himself and a group of friends. In [[391]] he was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[priest]] in [[Hippo Regius]], (now [[Annaba]], in [[Algeria]]). He became a famous [[preacher]] (more than 350 preserved sermons are believed to be authentic), and was noted for combating the Manichaean heresy, to which he had formerly adhered. In [[396]] he was made [[coadjutor bishop]] of Hippo (assistant with the right of succession on the death of the current bishop), and remained as [[bishop]] in Hippo until his death in [[430]]. He left his monastery, but continued to lead a monastic life in the episcopal residence. He left a Rule ([[Latin]], ''Regula'') for his monastery that has led him to be designated the "[[patron saint]] of [[Regular Clergy]]," that is, [[Clergy]] who live by a [[monastic rule]]. Augustine died on [[August 28]], [[430]], during the siege of Hippo by the [[Vandals]]. It is said that he died just as the Vandals were tearing down the city walls of Hippo. He is said to have encouraged its citizens to resist the attacks, primarily on the grounds that the Vandals adhered to the [[Arianism|Arian]] heresy. ==Personality== Of all the teachers and thinkers of the early middle era, Augustine's personality is perhaps the best known because of the enormous volume of his surviving writings. He was conflicted personally; an individual of strong and driving passions. His early sexual dalliances, his mistress and his illegitimate son whom he loved give an important context to the struggle he underwent to establish principles of consistency, justice and goodness. Augustine could not be considered a "moderate" in the modern sense of the word. His drive was for clarity and directness in teaching. Evaluated by modern methods, his views are not necessarily consistent nor integrated; yet his writing reveals an individual of his times who considered the important questions of meaning in life passionately and with intelligence. ==Influence as a theologian and thinker== [[Image:Tiffany_Window_of_St_Augustine_-_Lightner_Museum.jpg|thumb|270px|Detail of St. Augustine in a [[stained glass window]] by [[Louis Comfort Tiffany]] in the [[Lightner Museum]], [[St. Augustine, Florida]].]] Augustine remains a central figure, both within Christianity and in the history of Western thought, and is considered by modern historian [[Thomas Cahill]] to be the first medieval man and the last classical man.<ref>Thomas Cahill, ''How the Irish Saved Civilization'' Ch.2</ref> In both his philosophical and theological reasoning, he was greatly influenced by [[Stoicism]], [[Platonism]] and [[Neoplatonism]], particularly by the work of [[Plotinus]], author of the [[Enneads]], probably through the mediation of [[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry]] and [[Victorinus]] (as [[Pierre Hadot]] has argued). His generally favorable outlook upon Neoplatonic thought contributed to the "baptism" of Greek thought and its entrance into the Christian and subsequently the [[European]] intellectual tradition. His early and influential writing on the [[Will (philosophy)|human will]], a central topic in [[ethics]], would become a focus for later philosophers such as [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]] and [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]]. In addition, Augustine was influenced by the work of both Virgil (known for his teaching on language) and Cicero (known for his teaching on argument). Augustine's concept of original sin was expounded in his works against the [[Pelagians]]. However, [[Eastern Orthodox]] theologians, while they believe all humans were damaged by the original sin of Adam and Eve, have key disputes with Augustine about this doctrine, and as such this is viewed as a key source of division between East and West. Augustine's writings helped formulate the theory of [[The Just War Theory|the just war]]. He also advocated the use of force against the [[Donatism|Donatists]], asking "Why ... should not the Church use force in compelling her lost sons to return, if the lost sons compelled others to their destruction?" (''The Correction of the Donatists'', 22&ndash;24) St. [[Thomas Aquinas]] took much from Augustine's theology while creating his own unique synthesis of Greek and Christian thought after the widespread rediscovery of the work of [[Aristotle]]. While Augustine's doctrine of divine [[predestination]] would never be wholly forgotten within the [[Catholicism|Catholic Church]], finding eloquent expression in the works of [[Bernard of Clairvaux]], [[Reformation]] theologians such as [[Martin Luther]] and [[John Calvin]] would look back to him as the inspiration for their avowed capturing of the Biblical Gospel. Bishop John Fisher of Rochester, a chief opponent of Luther, articulated an Augustinian view of grace and salvation consistent with Church doctrine, thus encompassing both Augustine’s soteriology and his teaching on the authority of and obedience to the Catholic Church.<ref>Diarmaid MacCulloch, ''The Reformation'' (Penguin Group, 2005) p112.</ref> Later, within the [[Catholicism|Catholic Church]], the writings of [[Cornelius Jansen]], who claimed heavy influence from Augustine, would form the basis of the movement known as [[Jansenism]]; some Jansenists went into [[Schism (religion)|schism]] and formed their own church. [[Image:Nuremberg chronicles - Augustine (CXXXVIr).jpg|thumb|right|St. Augustine in the [[Nuremberg Chronicle]]]] Augustine was [[canonization|canonized]] by popular recognition and recognized as a [[Doctor of the Church]] in [[1303]] by [[Pope Boniface VIII]]. His [[feast day]] is [[August 28]], the day on which he is thought to have died. He is considered the [[patron saint]] of brewers, printers, theologians, sore eyes, and a number of cities and dioceses. The latter part of Augustine's ''Confessions'' consists of an extended meditation on the nature of time. Catholic theologians generally subscribe to Augustine's belief that God exists [[eternity|outside of time]] in the "eternal present"; that time only exists within the created universe because only in space is time discernible through motion and change. Augustine's meditations on the nature of time are closely linked to his consideration of the human ability of [[memory]]. [[Frances Yates]] in her [[1966]] study, ''The Art of Memory'' argues that a brief passage of the ''Confessions'', X.8.12, in which Augustine writes of walking up a flight of stairs and entering the vast fields of memory [http://www.stoa.org/hippo/text10.html#TB10C8S12 (see text and commentary)]clearly indicates that the ancient Romans were aware of how to use explicit spatial and architectural metaphors as a [[mnemonic]] technique for organizing large amounts of information. A few French philosophers have argued that this technique can be seen as the conceptual ancestor of the [[user interface]] [[paradigm]] of [[virtual reality]].{{fact}} According to [[Leo Ruickbie]], Augustine's arguments against [[Magic (paranormal)|magic]], differentiating it from [[miracle]], were crucial in the early Church's fight against [[paganism]] and became a central thesis in the later denunciation of witches and [[witchcraft]]. According to Professor Deepak Lal, Augustine's vision of the heavenly city has influenced the secular faiths of the Enlightenment, Marxism, Freudianism and Eco-fundamentalism. ==Influential quotations from Augustine's writings == * "Love the sinner and hate the sin " (''Cum dilectione hominum et odio vitiorum'') (Opera Omnia, vol II. col. 962, letter 211.), literally "With love for mankind and hatred of sins " <ref>Migne, J.-P. (translator) <cite> St. Augustine's Letter 211 </cite> (ed.) "Patrologiae Latinae" Volume 33, (1845). </ref> * "Heart Speaks to heart" (''Cor ad cor loquitur'') <ref>Augustine of Hippo<cite> The Confessions </cite></ref> * "Nothing conquers except truth and the victory of truth is love" (''Victoria veritatis est caritas''}<ref>Augustine of Hippo <cite>Sermons 358,1</cite> "Victoria veritatis est caritas"</ref> * "To sing once is to pray twice" (''Qui cantat, bis orat'') literally "he who sings, prays twice" <ref>Augustine of Hippo<cite> Sermons 336, 1</cite> PL 38, 1472 </ref> * "Lord, you have seduced me and I let myself be seduced" (quoting the prophet Jeremiah 20.7-9) * "Love, and do what you will" (''Dilige et quod vis fac'')(Sermon on 1 John 7, 8) * "Grant me chastity and continence, but not yet" (''da mihi castitatem et continentiam, sed noli modo'') (Conf., VIII. vii (17)) * "Christ is [http://individual.utoronto.ca/pking/articles/Augustine_on_Teaching.pdf#search=%22%22the%20teacher%20within%22%20%2B%20Augustine%22 the teacher within us] <ref>Augustine's Confessions : critical essays<cite>edited by William E. Mann. Lanham, Md. : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006. - xii, 240 s</cite></ref> * "Hear the other side"( ''Audi partem alteram'') De Duabus Animabus, XlV ii * "Rome has spoken; the case is concluded" (''Roma locuta est; causa finita est.'') (Sermons, Book I) * "Take it up and Read it" (''Tolle, lege'') Confessions, Book VIII, Chapter 12 * "There is no salvation outside the church" (''Salus extra ecclesiam non est'') (De Bapt. IV, cxvii.24) * "To many, total abstinence is easier than perfect moderation." (''Multi quidem facilius se abstinent ut non utantur, quam temperent ut bene utantur.'') (On the Good of Marriage) * "We make ourselves a ladder out of our vices if we trample the vices themselves underfoot. (iii. De Ascensione) ==Natural knowledge and biblical interpretation== Augustine took the view that the Biblical text should not be interpreted literally if it contradicts what we know from science and our God-given reason. In an important passage on his "The Literal Interpretation of Genesis" (early [[5th century]], AD), St. Augustine wrote: {{cquote|It not infrequently happens that something about the earth, about the sky, about other elements of this world, about the motion and rotation or even the magnitude and distances of the stars, about definite eclipses of the sun and moon, about the passage of years and seasons, about the nature of animals, of fruits, of stones, and of other such things, may be known with the greatest certainty by reasoning or by experience, even by one who is not a Christian. It is too disgraceful and ruinous, though, and greatly to be avoided, that he [the non-Christian] should hear a Christian speaking so idiotically on these matters, and as if in accord with Christian writings, that he might say that he could scarcely keep from laughing when he saw how totally in error they are. In view of this and in keeping it in mind constantly while dealing with the book of Genesis, I have, insofar as I was able, explained in detail and set forth for consideration the meanings of obscure passages, taking care not to affirm rashly some one meaning to the prejudice of another and perhaps better explanation." (''The Literal Interpretation of Genesis 1:19–20'', Chapt. 19 [AD 408]) With the scriptures it is a matter of treating about the faith. For that reason, as I have noted repeatedly, if anyone, not understanding the mode of divine eloquence, should find something about these matters [about the physical universe] in our books, or hear of the same from those books, of such a kind that it seems to be at variance with the perceptions of his own rational faculties, let him believe that these other things are in no way necessary to the admonitions or accounts or predictions of the scriptures. In short, it must be said that our authors knew the truth about the nature of the skies, but it was not the intention of the Spirit of God, who spoke through them, to teach men anything that would not be of use to them for their salvation." (ibid, 2:9)}} A more clear distinction between "metaphorical" and "literal" in literary texts arose with the rise of the [[Scientific Revolution]], although its source could be found in earlier writings, such as those of [[Herodotus]] (5th century BC). It was even considered heretical to interpret the Bible literally at times (cf. Origen, St. Jerome).{{citation needed}} ==Creation== :''See also: [[Allegorical interpretations of Genesis]]'' In "''The Literal Interpretation of Genesis''" Augustine took the view that everything in the universe was created simultaneously by God, and not in seven calendar days like a plain account of Genesis would require. He argues that the six-day structure of creation presented in the book of Genesis represents a logical framework, rather than the passage of time in a physical way - it would bear a spiritual, rather than physical, meaning, which is no less literal. Augustine also doesn’t envisage [[original sin]] as originating structural changes in the universe, and even suggests that the bodies of Adam and Eve were already created mortal before the Fall. Apart from his specific views, Augustine recognizes that the interpretation of the creation story is difficult, and remarks that we should be willing to change our mind about it as new information comes up. [http://www.asa3.org/ASA/topics/Bible-Science/PSCF3-88Young.html] In "''The City of God''", Augustine also defended what would be called today as [[young Earth creationism]]. In the specific passage, Augustine rejected both the immortality of the human race proposed by pagans, and contemporary ideas of ages (such as those of certain Greeks and Egyptians) that differed from the Church's sacred writings: {{cquote|Let us, then, omit the conjectures of men who know not what they say, when they speak of the nature and origin of the human race. For some hold the same opinion regarding men that they hold regarding the world itself, that they have always been... They are deceived, too, by those highly mendacious documents which profess to give the history of many thousand years, though, reckoning by the sacred writings, we find that not 6000 years have yet passed." (Augustine, [http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF1-02/npnf1-02-18.htm#P2017_1154484 Of the Falseness of the History Which Allots Many Thousand Years to the World’s Past], ''The City of God'', Book 12: Chapt. 10 [AD 419]).}} ==Doctrine on Original Sin== Augustine's theological views in the early middle era were revolutionary, perhaps none so much as his doctrine on original sin which is still used by the Catholic faith today. {{cquote|Saint Augustine taught that Adam, before the Fall, had had free will, and could have abstained from sin. But as he and Eve ate the apple, corruption entered into them, and descended to all their posterity, none of whom can, of their own power, abstain from sin. Only God's grace enables men to be virtuous. Since we all inherit Adam's sin, we all deserve eternal damnation. All who die unbaptized, even infants, will go to hell and suffer unending torment. We have no reason to complain of this, since we are all wicked. (In the ''Confessions'', the Saint enumerates the crimes of which he was guilty in the cradle.) But by God's free grace certain people, among those who have been baptized, are chosen to go to heaven; these are the elect. They do not go to heaven because they are good; we are all totally depraved, except in so far as God's grace, which is only bestowed on the elect, enables us to be otherwise. No reason can be given why some are saved and the rest damned; this is due to God's unmotivated choice. Damnation proves God's justice; salvation His mercy. Both equally display His goodness. <ref name="multiple"> ''A history of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell'', Simon & Schuster, 1945 </ref>}} This [[double predestination]] (ie. the idea that despite free-will and grace, God had already decided who would be saved and who would be damned) was not accepted by the Catholic church; but was later taken up and elaborated upon by the [[Protestant]] reformer [[John Calvin]]. In summary, Augustine believed that no one would be saved unless they freely accepted baptism, and thus became a member of the church. He believed that those who are saved had been predetermined. God, to Augustine, was secretly just, and justly secret. This remains an anomaly in his teaching when compared with his views on free will. == Augustine and lust == Lust to Augustine was something that plagued his life. It was a sin independent of the will handed down by the sins of Adam. "The need of lust in sexual intercourse is a punishment for Adam's sin, but for which sex might have been divorced from pleasure." <ref name="multiple"> ''A history of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell'', Simon & Schuster, 1945 </ref> Augustine, begging for chastity in his early youth writes, "But I wretched, most wretched, in the very commencement of my early youth, had begged chastity of Thee, and said, "Give me chastity and continency, only not yet." <ref> [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/Pusey/book07]''Confessions'', Saint Augustine, Book Eight, Chapter 7</ref>. At sixteen Augustine moved to Carthage where again he was plagued by this "wretched sin": {{cquote|Where there seethed all around me a cauldron of lawless loves. I loved not yet, yet I loved to love, and out of a deep-seated want, I hated myself for wanting not. I sought what I might love, in love with loving, and I hated safety... To love then, and to be beloved, was sweet to me; but more, when I obtained to enjoy the person I loved. I defiled, therefore, the spring of friendship with the filth of concupiscence, and I beclouded its brightness with the hell of lustfulness. <ref> [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/Pusey/book03] ''Confessions'', Saint Augustine, Book Three, Chapter 1 </ref>}} Lust was also blind, as it even affected the barbarians who pillaged Rome. Augustine, while writing to the pious virgins who were raped during Rome's sack, spoke of chastity of mind, "Truth, another's lust cannot pollute thee." Chastity is "a virtue of the mind, and is not lost by rape, but is lost by the intention of sin, even if unperformed." <ref name="multiple"> ''A history of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell'', Simon & Schuster, 1945 </ref> In short lust was an obstacle to the virtuous life for Augustine, something to be avoided, and one of the most miserable sins which deeply impacted his life. == Augustine and the Jews == Against certain Christian movements rejecting the use of Hebrew Scriptures, Augustine countered that God had chosen the Jews as a special people, whilst he also deemed the scattering of Jews by the Roman empire as a fulfilment of certain Messianic prophecies.<ref>Diarmaid MacCulloch, ''The Reformation'' (Penguin Group, 2005) p8.</ref> Augustine wrote: "The Jews who slew [[Jesus|Him]], and would not believe in Him, because it behooved Him to die and rise again, were yet more miserably wasted by the Romans, and utterly rooted out from their kingdom, where aliens had already ruled over them, and were dispersed through the lands (so that indeed there is no place where they are not), and are thus by their own Scriptures a testimony to us that we have not forged the prophecies about Christ."<ref>''City of God'', book 18, chapter 46.</ref> Augustine also quotes part of the same prophecy that says "Slay them not, lest they should at last forget Thy law". Augustine argued that God had allowed the Jews to survive this dispersion as a warning to Christians, thus they were to be permitted to dwell in Christian lands. Augustine further argued that the Jews would be converted at the end of time.<ref>J. Edwards, ''The Spanish Inquisition'' (Stroud, 1999), pp33-5.</ref> ==Books== *''[[On Christian Doctrine]],'' [[397]]-[[426]] *''[[Confessions (St. Augustine)|Confessions]],'' [[397]]-[[398]] *''[[The City of God]],'' begun ca. [[413]], finished [[426]] *''[[On the Trinity]],'' [[400]]-[[416]] *''[[Enchiridion of Augustine|Enchiridion]]'' *''[[Retractions (book)|Retractions]]'': At the end of his life (ca. [[426]]-[[428]]) Augustine revisited his previous works in chronological order and suggested what he would have said differently in a work titled the ''[[Retractions (book)|Retractions]]'', giving the reader a rare picture of the development of a writer and his final thoughts. *''[[The Literal Meaning of Genesis]]'' *''[[On Free Choice of the Will]]'' ==Letters== {|width=100% |-valign=top |width=50%| *On the Catechising of the Uninstructed *On Faith and the Creed *Concerning Faith of Things Not Seen *On the Profit of Believing *On the Creed: A Sermon to Catechumens *On Continence *On the Good of Marriage *On Holy Virginity *On the Good of Widowhood *On Lying *To Consentius: Against Lying *On the Work of Monks *On Patience *On Care to be Had For the Dead *On the Morals of the Catholic Church *On the Morals of the Manichaeans *On Two Souls, Against the Manichaeans *Acts or Disputation Against Fortunatus the Manichaean *Against the Epistle of Manichaeus Called Fundamental *Reply to Faustus the Manichaean *Concerning the Nature of Good, Against the Manichaeans *On Baptism, Against the Donatists |width=50%| *Answer to Letters of Petilian, Bishop of Cirta *The Correction of the Donatists *Merits and Remission of Sin, and Infant Baptism *On the Spirit and the Letter *On Nature and Grace *On Man's Perfection in Righteousness *On the Proceedings of Pelagius *On the Grace of Christ, and on Original Sin *On Marriage and Concupiscence *On the Soul and its Origin *Against Two Letters of the Pelagians *On Grace and Free Will *On Rebuke and Grace *The Predestination of the Saints/Gift of Perseverance *Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount *The Harmony of the Gospels *Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New Testament *Tractates on the Gospel of John *Homilies on the First Epistle of John *Soliloquies *The Enarrations, or Expositions, on the Psalms *On the Immortality of the Soul |} ==Notes== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==In the arts== *[[Christian rock]] band [[Petra (band)|Petra]] dedicated a song to St. Augustine called ''"St. Augustine Pears"''. It's based on one of Augustine's writings in his book "Confessions" where he tells of how he stole some neighbor's pears without being hungry, and how that petty theft haunted him through his life.[http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rels/002/lectures/lecture18.html] *[[Jon Foreman]], lead singer and song writer of the [[alternative rock]] band [[Switchfoot]] wrote a song called "Something More (Augustine's Confession)," based after the life and book, "Confessions", of Augustine. * For his 1993 album "[[Ten Summoner's Tales]]", [[Sting]] wrote a song entitled "Saint Augustine in Hell", although Augustine himself is not in fact mentioned in the lyrics. * [[Bob Dylan]], for his 1967 album [[John Wesley Harding]] penned a song entitled "I Dreamed I Saw St. Augustine". The song's opening lines ("I dreamed I saw Saint Augustine / Alive as you or me") are likely based on the opening lines of " I Dreamed I Saw [[Joe Hill]] Last Night", a song crafted in 1936 by [[Earl Robinson]] detailing the death of the famous American labor-activist who, himself, was an influential songwriter. *[[Roberto Rossellini]] directed the film "Agostino d'Ippona" (Augustine of Hippo) for Italy's RAI-TV in 1972. ==Bibliography== *[[Peter Brown (historian)|Brown, Peter]]. ''Augustine of Hippo''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967. ISBN 0-520-00186-9 *Gareth B. Matthews. ''Augustine''. Blackwell, 2005. ISBN 0-631-23348-2 *[[James J. O'Donnell|O'Donnell, James J.]] ''Augustine: A New Biography''. New York: HarperCollins, 2005. ISBN 0-06-053537-7 *[[Leo Ruickbie|Ruickbie, Leo]]. ''Witchcraft Out of the Shadows''. London: Robert Hale, 2004. ISBN 0-7090-7567-7, pp. 57-8. *[[Adolphe Tanquerey|Tanquerey, Adolphe]]. ''The Spiritual Life: A Treatise on [[Ascetical theology|Ascetical]] and Mystical Theology''. Reprinted Ed. (original 1930). Rockford, IL: Tan Books, 2000. ISBN 0-89555-659-6, p. 37. *[[John von Heyking|von Heyking, John]]. ''Augustine and Politics as Longing in the World''. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8262-1349-9 * [http://www.cassiciaco.it/ITA/001ago/Agostiniani/lubin_conventi/lubin_600.htm ''Orbis Augustinianus sive conventuum O. Erem. S. A. chorographica et topographica descriptio] Augustino Lubin, Paris, 1659, 1671, 1672. * '''Regle de S. Augustin pour lei religieuses de son .ordre; et Constitutions de la Congregation des Religieuses du Verbe-Incarne et du Saint-Sacrament''' (Lyon: Chez Pierre Guillimin, 1662), pp. 28-29. Cf. later edition published at Lyon (Chez Briday, Libraire,1962), pp. 22-24. English edition, ''The Rule of Saint Augustine and the Constitutions of the Order of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament'' (New York: Schwartz, Kirwin, and Fauss, 1893), pp. 33-35. * {{cite book | author=Zumkeller O.S.A.,Adolar | title=Augustine's ideal of Religious life | publisher= Fordham University Press, New York| year=1986 |}} * {{cite book | author=Zumkeller O.S.A.,Adolar | title=Augustine's Rule | publisher= Augustinian Press, Villanova, Pennsylvania U.S.A.| year=1987 |}} ==See also== {|width=100% |-valign=top |width=50%| * [[Augustinians]] * [[Predestination]] * [[Free will]] * [[Pelagianism]] * [[In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas]] |width=50%| * [[Constantinian shift]] * [[Floria Aemilia]] * [[Filioque clause]] * [[Scholasticism]] |} {{portalpar|Saints|Gloriole.svg}} ==External links== {{wikiquote}} *General: **At UPENN: [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/ Texts, translations, introductions, commentaries...] ** [http://www.earlychurch.org.uk/augustine.php EarlyChurch.org.uk] Extensive bibliography and on-line articles. ** [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02084a.htm Life of St. Augustine of Hippo], from the [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] *Texts by Augustine: ** {{gutenberg author|id=Augustine_of_Hippo|name=Augustine of Hippo}} ** In Latin, at [[The Latin Library]]: [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/august.html books and letters by Augustine] **At "Christian Classics Ethereal Library" [http://www.ccel.org/a/augustine/ Translations of several works by Augustine, incl. introductions] **At "New Advent": [http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/ Several works by Augustine in English, incl. introduction] **[http://www.philosophyarchive.com/text.php?era=400-499&author=Augustine&text=Confessions%20and%20Enchiridion%20Introduction The Enchiridion] by Augustine **[http://www.augustinus.it] Full Latin and Italian text resource **At "IntraText Digital Library": [http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT31.HTM Works by Augustine in several languages, with concordance and frequency list] *Texts on Augustine: **[http://www.mrrena.com/misc/august.shtml St. Augustine: Between Two Worlds] **[http://personal2.stthomas.edu/gwschlabach/docs/jhy-aug.htm Augustine and 'other Catholics'] **[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry] **[http://www.revneal.org/Writings/augustinegracesin.html "Augustine's Concept of Freedom: The Dynamic of Sin and Grace" from ''Grace Incarnate'' (1989)] **[http://www.econ.ucla.edu/workingpapers/wp813.pdf Augustine's Heavenly City and the Western Mind]Pgs 22-24 * On Music ** [http://www.smithcreekmusic.com/Hymnology/What.is.a.Hymn/Augustine.html Augustine on Hymns] * On Original Sin ** [http://www.leaderu.com/theology/augpelagius.html Augustine and Pelagius] ** [http://www.cse.uiuc.edu/~siefert/research/original_sin.html Augustine and Thomas Aquinas on Orignal Sin] ** [http://www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft9811/articles/oakes.html Original sin: a disputation] ** [http://cco.cambridge.org/extract?id=ccol0521650186_CCOL0521650186A005 The Cambridge Companion to Augustine; 3 Augustine on evil and original sin ] * Links to the Augustinian Order ** [http://www.augnet.org/default.asp?ipageid=223 Augustine's writings] * Manuscripts that refer to his relationship with a woman of high intellectual calibre (This may or may not be true) ** [http://dl.nlb.gov.sg/highbrowseonline/2006/03/post_7.html Letter To St Augustine Of Hippo] * Audio books ** [http://www.doxologypress.org/theaudio/index.html City of God, Confessions, Enchiridion, Doctrine] [[Category:354 births|Augustine of Hippo]] [[Category:430 deaths|Augustine of Hippo]] [[Category:Algerian people]] [[Category:Algerian saints]] [[Category:Ancient Roman Christianity]] [[Category:Ancient Roman rhetoricians]] [[Category:Augustinians]] [[Category:Berber]] [[Category:Christian philosophers]] [[Category:Christian writers]] [[Category:Church Fathers]] [[Category:Converts to Christianity]] [[Category:Doctors of the Church]] [[Category:History of the Maghreb]] [[Category:Late Antique writers]] [[Category:Neoplatonists]] [[Category:Religious writers|Augustine of Hippo]] [[Category:Rhetoricians|Augustine of Hippo]] [[Category:Roman Catholic bishops]] [[Category:Roman Catholic philosophers|Augustine of Hippo]] [[Category:Roman Catholic theologians]] [[Category:Thelemites]] [[Category:Theologians]] [[Category:Theories of history]] {{Link FA|no}} {{Link FA|pl}} [[ast:Agustín d'Hipona]] [[bs:Aurelije Augustin]] [[bg:Августин]] [[ca:Sant Agustí d'Hipona]] [[cs:Augustinus]] [[de:Augustinus von Hippo]] [[et:Augustinus]] [[es:Agustín de Hipona]] [[eo:Aŭgusteno]] [[eu:Hiponako San Augustin]] [[fr:Augustin d'Hippone]] [[gl:Agostiño de Hipona]] [[ko:아우렐리우스 아우구스티누스]] [[hr:Sveti Aurelije Augustin]] [[io:Augustinus]] [[id:Augustinus dari Hippo]] [[it:Sant'Agostino d'Ippona]] [[he:אוגוסטינוס]] [[la:Augustinus]] [[lb:Augustinus]] [[lt:Augustinas]] [[hu:Szent Ágoston]] [[nl:Augustinus van Hippo]] [[ja:アウグスティヌス]] [[mt:Santu Wistin]] [[no:Augustin av Hippo]] [[nds:Augustinus]] [[pl:Augustyn z Hippony]] [[pt:Agostinho de Hipona]] [[ro:Augustin de Hipona]] [[ru:Августин Блаженный]] [[sq:Shën Agostini]] [[sk:Augustín]] [[sl:Sveti Avguštin]] [[sr:Свети Августин]] [[fi:Augustinus]] [[sv:Augustinus]] [[zh:奥古斯丁 (希波)]] 472 1212 2006-10-17T04:08:10Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox_Philosopher | <!-- Scroll down to edit this page --> <!-- Philosopher Category --> region = Western Philosophy | era = [[17th-century philosophy]] | color = #B0C4DE | <!-- Image and Caption --> image_name = Descartes.jpg | image_name = Descartes.jpg | image_caption = René Descartes | <!-- Information --> name = René Descartes | birth = [[March 31]] [[1596]] ([[La Haye en Touraine]] (now Descartes), [[Indre-et-Loire]], [[France]]) | death = [[February 11]] [[1650]] ([[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]) | school_tradition = [[Cartesianism]], [[Rationalism]], [[Foundationalism]] | main_interests = [[Metaphysics]], [[Epistemology]], [[Science]], [[Mathematics]] | influences = [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], [[Thomas Aquinas|Aquinas]], [[William of Ockham|Ockham]], [[Francisco Suárez|Suarez]], [[Marin Mersenne|Mersenne]], [[Pyrrho]] | influenced = [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], [[Antoine Arnauld|Arnauld]], [[Nicolas Malebranche|Malebranche]], [[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]], [[John Locke|Locke]], [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[Henry More|More]], [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], [[Edmund Husserl|Husserl]]| notable_ideas = [[Cogito ergo sum]], method of doubt, [[Mathesis Universalis]], [[Cartesian coordinate system]], [[Cartesian dualism]], [[ontological argument]] for God's existence; regarded as a founder of [[Modern philosophy]] | }} {{For|other things named Descartes|Descartes (disambiguation)}} '''René Descartes''' ([[March 31]], [[1596]] &ndash; [[February 11]], [[1650]]), also known as ''Cartesius'', was a noted [[French philosophy|French philosopher]], [[mathematician]], and [[scientist]]. Dubbed the "Founder of Modern Philosophy" and the "[[List of people known as father or mother of something|Father of Modern Mathematics]]," he ranks as one of the most important and influential thinkers of modern times. For good or bad, much of subsequent western philosophy is a reaction to his writings, which have been closely studied from his time down to the present day. Descartes was one of the key thinkers of the [[Scientific Revolution]] in the Western World. He is also honoured by having the [[Cartesian coordinate system]] used in plane geometry and algebra named after him. Descartes frequently contrasted his views with those of his predecessors. In the opening section of the ''Passions of the Soul'', he goes so far as to assert that he will write on his topic "as if no one had written on these matters before". Nevertheless many elements of his philosophy have precedents in late [[Aristotelianism]], the revived [[Stoicism]] of the [[16th century]], or in earlier philosophers like [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]]. In his natural philosophy, he differs from the [[Scholasticism|Schools]] on two major points: first, he rejects the analysis of [[corporeal substance]] into matter and form; second, he rejects any appeal to [[Teleology|ends]]—divine or natural—in explaining natural phenomena. In his theology, he insists on the absolute freedom of God’s act of creation. Descartes was a major figure in [[17th century]] continental [[rationalism]], later advocated by [[Baruch Spinoza]] and [[Gottfried Leibniz]], and opposed by the [[empiricist]] school of thought, consisting of [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], [[John Locke|Locke]], [[George Berkeley|Berkeley]], and [[David Hume|Hume]]. Leibniz, Spinoza and Descartes were all versed in mathematics as well as philosophy, and Descartes and Leibniz contributed greatly to science as well. As the inventor of the [[Cartesian coordinate system]], Descartes founded [[analytic geometry]], that bridge between algebra and geometry crucial to the invention of the [[calculus]] and [[Mathematical analysis|analysis]]. Descartes' reflections on mind and mechanism began the strain of western thought that much later, impelled by the invention of the [[electronic computer]] and by the possibility of [[machine intelligence]], blossomed into, e.g., the [[Turing test]]. His most famous statement is ''[[Cogito ergo sum]]'' ([[French language|French]]: ''Je pense, donc je suis'' or in [[English language|English]]: ''I think, therefore I am''), found in §7 of ''Principles of Philosophy'' (Latin) and part IV of ''Discourse on Method'' (French). ==Biography== On March 31, 1596, Descartes was born in [[La Haye en Touraine]] (now Descartes), [[Indre-et-Loire]], [[France]]. When he was 1 year old, his mother died of [[tuberculosis]]. His father was a judge in the High Court at Justice. At the age of ten, he entered the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Prytanee|Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand]] at [[La Flèche]]. After graduation, he studied at the University of [[Poitiers]], earning a ''[[Baccalauréat]]'' and ''Licence'' in [[law]] in [[1616]], in accordance with his father's wishes that he become a lawyer. Descartes never actually practised law, however, and in 1618 he entered the service of Prince [[Maurice of Nassau]], leader of the United Provinces of the [[Netherlands]]. His intention was to see the world and to discover the truth. :"I entirely abandoned the study of letters. Resolving to seek no knowledge other than that which could be found in myself or else in the great book of the world, I spent the rest of my youth traveling, visiting courts and armies, mixing with people of diverse temperaments and ranks, gathering various experiences, testing myself in the situations which fortune offered me, and at all times reflecting upon whatever came my way so as to derive some profit from it. (Descartes, ''Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences'') Here he met [[Isaac Beeckman]], who sparked his interest in mathematics and the new physics, particularly the problem of fall of heavy bodies. On [[November 10]] [[1619]], while traveling in Germany and thinking about using mathematics to solve problems in physics, Descartes had a vision in a dream through which he "discovered the foundations of a marvelous science" <ref>{{cite book|year=1911|title=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref>. This became a pivotal point in young Descartes' life and the foundation on which he develops analytical geometry. He dedicated the rest of his life to researching this connection between mathematics and nature. In [[1622]] he returned to [[France]], and during the next few years spent time in Paris and other parts of Europe. He arrived in La Haye in 1623, selling all of his property, investing this remuneration in [[Bond (finance)|bonds]] which provided Descartes with a comfortable income for the rest of his life. Descartes was present at the [[siege of La Rochelle]] by Cardinal [[Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu|Richelieu]] in [[1627]]. He left for [[Holland]] in [[1628]], where he lived and changed his address frequently until [[1649]]. In [[1633]], [[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]] was condemned by the [[Catholic Church]], and Descartes abandoned plans to publish ''[[The World (Descartes)|Treatise on the World]]'', his work of the previous four years. Although Descartes never married, he fathered a daughter, the issue of an affair with a woman named Helene; [[Francine Descartes|Francine]], born in [[1635]] and baptized on [[August 7]] of the same year. Much to Descartes' distress, she died in [[1640]]. Descartes continued to [[René Descartes#References|publish works]] concerning mathematics and philosophy for the rest of his life. In [[1643]], Cartesian philosophy was condemned at the [[Utrecht University|University of Utrecht]], and Descartes began his long correspondence with [[Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine|Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia]]. In 1647, he was awarded a pension by the [[King of France]]. Descartes was interviewed by [[Frans Burman]] at [[Egmond-Binnen]] in 1648. René Descartes died on [[February 11]], [[1650]] in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], where he had been invited as a teacher for Queen [[Christina of Sweden]]. The cause of death was said to be [[pneumonia]] - accustomed to working in bed till noon, he may have suffered a detrimental effect on his health due to Christina's demands for early morning study. Others believe that Descartes may have contracted pneumonia as result of nursing a French ambassador, ill with aforementioned disease, back to health. [http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/descartes.html] However, letters to and from the doctor [[Eike Pies]] have recently been discovered which indicate that Descartes may have been poisoned using [[arsenic]]. In [[1667]], the [[Pope]] placed his works on the [[Index Librorum Prohibitorum|Index of Prohibited Books]]. As a [[Catholic]] in a [[Protestant]] nation, he was interred in a graveyard mainly used for unbaptized infants in [[Adolf Fredrikskyrkan]] in Stockholm. Later, his remains were taken to France and buried in the church of [[Sainte-Geneviève-du-Mont]] in [[Paris]]. His memorial erected in the 18th century remains in the Swedish church. During the [[French Revolution]], his remains were disinterred for burial in the [[Panthéon, Paris|Panthéon]] among the great French thinkers. The village in the [[Loire Valley]] where he was born was renamed ''La Haye - Descartes'' in [[1802]], which was shortened to "Descartes" in [[1967]]. Currently his tomb is in [[Saint-Germain-des-Prés]]' church in Paris. ==Philosophical work== Descartes is often regarded as the first modern thinker to provide a philosophical framework for the [[natural sciences]] as these began to develop. In his ''[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]'' he attempts to arrive at a fundamental set of principles that one can know as true without any doubt. To achieve this, he employs a method called [[methodological skepticism]]: he doubts any idea that can be doubted. He gives the example of dreaming: in a dream, one's senses perceive stimuli that seem real, but do not actually exist. Thus, one cannot rely on the data of the senses as necessarily true. Or, perhaps an "evil [[Evil Daemon|demon]]" exists: a supremely powerful and cunning being who sets out to try to deceive Descartes from knowing the true nature of reality. Given these possibilities, what can one know for certain? Initially, Descartes arrives at only a single principle: if I am being deceived, then surely "I" must exist. Most famously, this is known as ''[[cogito ergo sum]]'', ("I think, therefore I am"). (These words do not appear in the ''Meditations'', although he had written them in his earlier work ''Discourse on Method''). Note; Descartes was also sceptical of memory, as that has also been known to be manipulated, and can be doubted, so the 'cogito' argument can only apply to the present. The phrase is therefore more accurately (but less famously) translated as; "I am thinking, therefore I exist" Therefore, Descartes concludes that he can be certain that he exists. But in what form? He perceives his body through the use of the senses; however, these have previously been proven unreliable. So Descartes concludes that the only undoubtable knowledge is that he is a ''thinking thing''. Thinking is his essence as it is the only thing about him that cannot be doubted. Descartes defines "thought" (''cogitatio'') as "what happens in me such that I am immediately conscious of it, insofar as I am conscious of it". Thinking is thus every activity of a person of which he is immediately [[Consciousness|conscious]]. To further demonstrate the limitations of the senses, Descartes proceeds with what is known as the ''Wax Argument''. He considers a piece of wax: his senses inform him that it has certain characteristics, such as shape, texture, size, color, smell, and so forth. When he brings the wax towards a flame, these characteristics change completely. However, it seems that it is still the same thing: it is still a piece of wax, even though the data of the senses inform him that all of its characteristics are different. Therefore, in order to properly grasp the nature of the wax, he cannot use the senses: he must use his mind. Descartes concludes: :"Thus what I thought I had seen with my eyes, I actually grasped solely with the faculty of judgment, which is in my mind." In this manner, Descartes proceeds to construct a system of knowledge, discarding [[perception]] as unreliable and instead admitting only [[deduction]] as a method. Halfway through the ''Meditations'', he offers an [[ontological proof]] of a [[benevolent]] [[God]] (through both the [[ontological argument]] and [[trademark argument]]). Because God is benevolent, he can have some faith in the account of reality his senses provide him, for God has provided him with a working mind and [[sensory system]] and does not desire to deceive him; however, this is a contentious argument, as his very notion of a benevolent God from which he developed this argument is easily subject to the same kind of doubt as his perceptions. From this supposition, however, he finally establishes the possibility of acquiring knowledge about the world based on deduction ''and'' perception. In terms of [[epistemology]] therefore, he can be said to have contributed such ideas as a rigorous conception of [[foundationalism]] and the possibility that [[reason]] is the only reliable method of attaining knowledge, as others said before him, though not as clearly as he did, and the [[rationalist]] answer to [[scepticism]] which other rationalists have elaborated on. In Descartes' system, knowledge takes the form of ideas, and philosophical investigation is the contemplation of these ideas. This concept would influence subsequent [[internalism|internalist]] movements as Descartes' epistemology requires that a connection made by conscious awareness will distinguish knowledge from falsity. As a result of his Cartesian doubt, he sought for knowledge to be "incapable of being destroyed", in order to construct an unshakeable ground from which all other knowledge can be based on. The first item of unshakeable knowledge that Descartes argues for is the aforementioned ''cogito'', or thinking thing. Descartes also wrote a response to [[External world skepticism#Motivations for external world skepticism|skepticism about the existence of the external world]]. He argues that [[sensory perception]]s come to him involuntarily, and are not willed by him. They are external to his senses, and according to Descartes, this is evidence of the existence of something outside of his mind, and thus, an external world. Descartes goes on to show that the things in the external world are material by arguing that since God would not deceive him as to the ideas that are being transmitted, and that God has given him the "propensity" to believe that such ideas are caused by material things. Sceptics have responded to Descartes' proof for the external world by positing a [[brain in a vat]] thought experiment, in that Descartes' brain may be connected up to a machine which simulates all of these perceptions. ==Mathematical legacy== Descartes's theory provided the basis for the calculus of [[Isaac Newton|Newton]] and [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]], by applying [[infinitesimal calculus]] to the [[tangent problem]], thus permitting the evolution of that branch of modern mathematics <ref>{{cite book|first=Jan|last=Gullberg|year=1997|title=Mathematics From The Birth Of Numbers|location=|publisher=W. W. Norton|id=ISBN 0-393-04002-X}}</ref>. This appears even more astounding considering that the work was just intended as an ''example'' to his ''Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la verité dans les sciences'' (''Discourse on the Method to Rightly Conduct the Reason and Search for the Truth in Sciences'', known better under the shortened title ''Discours de la méthode''). [[Descartes' rule of signs]] is also a commonly used method in modern mathematics to determine possible quantities of positive and negative zeros of a function. Descartes also made contributions in the field of [[optics]]; for instance, he showed by [[geometrical construction]] using the [[Law of Refraction]] that the angular radius of a rainbow is 42° (i.e. the angle subtended at the eye by the edge of the rainbow and the ray passing from the sun through the rainbow's centre is 42°). <ref>{{cite book|last=Tipler|first=P. A. and G. Mosca|year=2004|title=Physics For Scientists And Engineers|location=|publisher=W. H. Freeman|id=ISBN 0-7167-4389-2}}</ref> == Writings by Descartes== * 1618. ''Compendium Musicae''. A treatise on music theory and the aesthetics of music written for Descartes' early collaborator Isaac Beeckman. * 1626–1628. ''Regulae ad directionem ingenii'' (''[[Rules for the Direction of the Mind]]''). Incomplete. First published posthumously in 1684. The best critical edition, which includes an early Dutch translation, is edited by Giovanni Crapulli (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966). * 1630–1633. ''Le Monde'' (''The World'') and ''L'Homme'' (''Man''). Descartes' first systematic presentation of his natural philosophy. ''Man'' was first published in Latin translation in 1662; ''The World'' in 1664. * 1637. ''Discours de la méthode'' (''[[Discourse on Method]]''). An introduction to the ''Essais'', which include the ''Dioptrique'', the ''Météores'' and the ''Géométrie''. * 1637. ''[[La Géométrie]]'' (''Geometry''). Descartes' major work in mathematics. There is an English translation by Michael Mahoney (New York: Dover, 1979). * 1641. ''Meditationes de prima philosophia'' (''[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]''), also known as ''Metaphysical Meditations''. In Latin; a French translation, probably done without Descartes' supervision, was published in 1647. Includes six [[Meditations on First Philosophy#Objections and replies|Objections and Replies]]. A second edition, published the following year, included an additional objection and reply, and a ''Letter to Dinet''. * 1644. ''Principia philosophiae'' (''[[Principles of Philosophy]]''). A Latin textbook at first intended by Descartes to replace the Aristotelian textbooks then used in universities. A French translation, ''Principes de philosophie'' by Claude Picot, under the supervision of Descartes, appeared in 1647 with a letter-preface to [[Queen Christina of Sweden]]. * 1647. ''Notae in programma'' (''Comments on a Certain Broadsheet''). A reply to Descartes' one-time disciple Henricus Regius. * 1647. ''[[The Description of the Human Body]]''. Published posthumously. * 1648. ''Responsiones Renati Des Cartes…'' (''Conversation with Burman''). Notes on a Q&A session between Descartes and Frans Burman on 16 April 1648. Rediscovered in 1895 and published for the first time in 1896. An annotated bilingual edition (Latin with French translation), edited by Jean-Marie Beyssade, was published in 1981 (Paris: PUF). * 1649. ''Les passions de l'âme'' (''[[Passions of the Soul]]''). Dedicated to Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia. * 1657. ''Correspondance''. Published by Descartes' literary executor Claude Clerselier. The third edition, in 1667, was the most complete; Clerselier omitted, however, much of the material pertaining to mathematics. ==See also== {{wikisource author}} {{wikiquote}} *[[Dualistic interactionism]] *[[Baruch Spinoza]] *[[3587 Descartes|Asteroid 3587 Descartes]], named after the philosopher *[[Defect (geometry)]] *[[Analytic geometry]] *[[Cartesian coordinate system]] *[[Folium of Descartes]] ==References== Collected works in French: * 1983. ''Oeuvres de Descartes'' in 11 vols. Adam, Charles, and Tannery, Paul, eds. Paris: Librairie Philosophique Vrin. Collected English translations: * 1988. ''The Philosophical Writings Of Descartes'' in 3 vols. Cottingham, J., Stoothoff, R., Kenny, A., and Murdoch, D., trans. Cambridge University Press. Single works: * 1618. ''Compendium Musicae''. * 1628. ''[[Rules for the Direction of the Mind]]''. * 1637. ''[[Discourse on Method]]'' (‘’Discours de la Methode’’). An introduction to ''Dioptrique'', ''Des Météores'' and ''La Géométrie''. Original in French, because intended for a wider public. * 1637. ''[[La Géométrie]]''. Smith, David E., and Lantham, M. L., trans., 1954. ''The Geometry of René Descartes''. Dover. * 1641. ''[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]''. Cottingham, J., trans., 1996. Cambridge University Press. Latin original. Alternative English title: ''Metaphysical Meditations''. Includes six ''Objections and Replies''. A second edition published the following year, includes an additional ‘’Objection and Reply’’ and a ''Letter to Dinet''. [http://www.wright.edu/cola/descartes/intro.html HTML Online Latin-French-English Edition] * 1644. ''Les Principes de la philosophie''. Miller, V. R. and R. P., trans., 1983. ''Principles of Philosophy''. Reidel. * 1647. ''Comments on a Certain Broadsheet''. * 1647. ''[[The Description of the Human Body]]''. * 1648. ''Conversation with Burman''. * 1649. ''Passions of the Soul''. Voss, S. H., trans., 1989. Indianapolis: Hackett. Dedicated to Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia. Secondary literature: *{{cite book|last=Keeling|first=S. V.|year=1968|title=Descartes|location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press|id=ISBN }} *{{cite book|last=Boyer|first=Carl|year=1985|title=A History of Mathematics|location=Princeton, NJ |publisher=Princeton University Press|id=ISBN 0-691-02391-3}} *Farrell, John. “Demons of Descartes and Hobbes.” ''Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau'' (Cornell UP, 2006), chapter seven. *{{cite book|last=Sorrell|first=Tom|year=1987|title=Descartes|location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press.|id=ISBN 0-19-287636-8}} *{{cite book|last=Costabel|first=Pierre|year=1987|title=Rene Descartes - Exercises pour les elements des solides |location=Paris|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|id=ISBN 2-13-040099-X}} *{{cite book|last=Cottingham|first=John |year=1992|title=The Cambridge Companion to Descartes|location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press|id=ISBN 0-521-36696-8}} *{{cite book|last=Garber|first=Daniel|year=1992|title=Descartes' Metaphysical Physics|location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press|id=ISBN 0-226-28219-8}} *{{cite book|last=Gaukroger|first=Stephen|year=1995|title=Descartes: An Intellectual Biography|location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press|id=ISBN 0-19-823994-7}} *{{cite book|last=Garber|first=Daniel|coauthors=Michael Ayers|year=1998|title=The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy |location=Cambridge | publisher=Cambridge University Press| id=ISBN 0-521-53721-5}} *{{cite book|last=Melchert|first=Norman|year=2002|title=The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy|location=New York |publisher=McGraw Hill|id=ISBN 0-19-517510-7}} ==Footnotes== # Keeling (1968). # Cottingham et al. (1988). <references /> Citations: [http://www.wright.edu/cola/descartes/mede.html] ==External links== *[http://www.incipitblog.com/index.php/2005/06/01/rene-descartes-discours-de-la-methode-1637/ French Audio Book (mp3)]: excerpt about animals/machines from Discourse On the Method *[http://gutenberg.net/etext/59 Discourse On the Method] &ndash; at [[Project Gutenberg]] *[http://gutenberg.net/etext/4391 Selections from the Principles of Philosophy] &ndash; at [[Project Gutenberg]] *[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Descartes.html Detailed biography of Descartes] *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04744b.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rene Descartes] *[http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/ More easily readable versions of Meditations, Discourse on the Method, and the Objections to the Meditations and Descartes's Replies.] *[http://www.borishennig.de/texte/descartes/diss Conscientia in Descartes] *[http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/philosophy/phi212s_descartes.htm Descartes and Ryle (lecture notes)] *[http://www.new-science-theory.com/rene-descartes.html The science of Rene Descartes] ===Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy=== *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/ Descartes' Epistemology] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ethics/ Descartes' Ethics] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/ Descartes' Life and Works] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-modal/ Descartes' Modal Metaphysics] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ontological/ Descartes' Ontological Argument] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pineal-gland/ Descartes and the Pineal Gland] ===Further references=== * [http://www.cartesius.net/ Centro di Studi su Descartes e il Seicento], containing the Bulletin Cartésian online * [http://www.cec.paris4.sorbonne.fr/ Centre d'études cartésiennes], Paris IV Sorbonne * [http://www.modernthought.unibuc.ro/ Research Centre for the Foundations of Modern Thought], University of Bucharest [[Category:1596 births|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:1650 deaths|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:17th century mathematicians|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Christian philosophers|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Consciousness studies|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Dynamicists|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Early modern philosophers|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:French mathematicians|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:French philosophers|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:History of neuroscience|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Philosophers of mind|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Natives of Indre-et-Loire|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Rationalists|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Roman Catholic philosophers|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Roman Catholic scientists|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:René Descartes|*]] [[af:René Descartes]] [[ar:رينيه ديكارت]] [[bg:Рене Декарт]] [[bn:রেনে দেকার্ত]] [[bs:René Descartes]] [[ca:René Descartes]] [[cs:René Descartes]] [[cy:René Descartes]] [[da:René Descartes]] [[de:René Descartes]] [[et:René Descartes]] [[es:René Descartes]] [[eo:Rene Descartes]] [[eu:Rene Descartes]] [[fa:رنه دکارت]] [[fr:René Descartes]] [[ga:René Descartes]] [[gl:René Descartes]] [[ko:르네 데카르트]] [[hr:René Descartes]] [[io:René Descartes]] [[id:Rene Descartes]] [[is:René Descartes]] [[it:René Descartes]] [[he:רנה דקארט]] [[la:Renatus Cartesius]] [[lt:Renė Dekartas]] [[li:René Descartes]] [[hu:René Descartes]] [[mk:Рене Декарт]] [[nl:René Descartes]] [[ja:ルネ・デカルト]] [[no:René Descartes]] [[pl:Kartezjusz]] [[pt:René Descartes]] [[ro:René Descartes]] [[ru:Декарт, Рене]] [[scn:Cartesiu]] [[simple:René Descartes]] [[sk:René Descartes]] [[sl:René Descartes]] [[sr:Рене Декарт]] [[fi:René Descartes]] [[sv:René Descartes]] [[ta:ரேனே டெஸ்கார்ட்டஸ்]] [[th:เรอเน เดส์การตส์]] [[vi:René Descartes]] [[tr:René Descartes]] [[uk:Декарт Рене]] [[ur:رینے دیکارت]] [[yi:רענע דעקארט]] [[zh:笛卡尔]] 473 1213 2006-10-17T04:10:06Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} The "Iqbal-nama" events of the last three years of his life can be referenced by adding <ref name="Iqnama"> --> {{otheruses}} {| cellpadding=3px cellspacing=0px class="toccolours" style="float:right; border:1px #CCCCCC solid; margin:5px" |+ <big>'''Akbar'''</big> |colspan=2 align=center style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[Image:Akbar - Project Gutenberg eText 14134.jpg|200px]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Birth name:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Family name:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[Timurid]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Title:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[Emperor]] of [[Mughal Empire]]<br /> |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Birth:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[October 15]] [[1542]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Place of birth:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[Umarkot]], [[Sindh]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Death:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[October 27]] [[1605]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Succeeded by:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[Jahangir]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Marriage:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"| [[Jodhabai]] (?) or [[Jodhi Bibi]]<br> [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]]<br> [[Ruqayya Sultan Begum]]<br> [[Sakina Banu Begum]]<br> [[Salima Sultan Begum]]<br> |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Children:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"| [[Jahangir]], son<br> [[Shah Murad]], son<br> [[Danyal]], son<br> [[Shahzada Khanim]], daughter<br> [[Shakarunnisa Begum]], daughter<br> [[Aram Banu Begum]], daughter<br> [[Ximini Begum]], daughter<br> |} '''Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]: جلال الدین محمد اکبر), (alternative spellings include ''Jellaladin'', ''Celalettin'') also known as '''''Akbar [[the Great]]''''' ('''''Akbar-e-Azam''''') ([[October 15]] [[1542]] &ndash; [[October 27]] [[1605]]) was the son of [[Humayun]] whom he succeeded to become ruler of the [[Mughal Empire]] from 1556 until 1605. Though only 13 when he ascended to the throne, he is widely considered the greatest of the Mughal emperors.<ref>[http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/arthistory/ah369/Intropg2.htm Women of the Mughal Dynasty] - Deborah Hutton - 2002 - [[Skidmore College]].</ref><ref>[http://www.boloji.com/history/022.htm History of India] The Nine Gems of Akbar - Neria Harish Hebbar, MD - Saturday, April 5 2003</ref> During his reign, he eliminated external military threats from the Afghan descendants of [[Sher Shah]] (an Afghan who was able to temporarily oust Humayun from 1540-1555), and at the [[Second Battle of Panipat]] defeated the [[Hindu]] leader [[Hemu]].<ref>[http://militaryhistory.about.com/b/a/124653.htm The Second Battle of Panipat] - Robert W. Martin - [[about.com]].</ref><ref name="AknamaVolII">Abul Fazl - Akbarnama Volume II</ref><ref name="avasthy">The life and times of Humayun, by Ishwari Prasad (1955, rev.1970)[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ishwari%20Prasad%20life%20and%20times%20of%20humayun&hl=en&lr=&oi=scholart]</ref> In addition to his military gains, the emperor solidified his rule by repealing the [[jizya]] tax on non-Muslims and courting the favor of the powerful [[Rajput]] caste, to the extent of marrying Rajput princesses.<ref name="AknamaVolII">Abul Fazl - Akbarnama Volume II</ref><ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/A/Akbar.asp Akbar] - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2006</ref> However, Akbar's most lasting contributions were to the arts and to [[Indian religion]]. He initiated a large collection of literature, including the [[Akbar-nama]] and the Ain-i-Akbari, and incorporated art from around the world into the Mughal collections. He also commissioned the building of widely admired buildings, including the [[Panj Mahal]]. Having a greatly tolerant attitude toward religion, Akbar preserved Hindu temples. He also began a series of religious debates where [[Alim|Muslim scholars]] would debate religious matters with [[Sikh]]s, [[Hindu]]s, [[Carvaka]] atheists and even [[Jesuits]] from the Vatican. Also, he founded his own religion(Din-i-Elahi), the "Divine Faith"; the religion, however, amounted only to a form of [[personality cult]] for Akbar, and quickly dissolved after his death.<ref name="AknamaVolIII">Abul Fazl - Akbarnama Volume III</ref><ref name="AknamaVolII">Abul Fazl - Akbarnama Volume II</ref> ==Early years== Akbar was born on [[October 15]] [[1542]], at the [[Rajput]] Fortress of [[Umarkot]] in [[Sind]] where the Mughal Emperor [[Humayun]] and his recently wedded wife, [[Hamida Banu Begum]] were taking refuge. In 1540, Humayun had been driven into exile, following decisive battles, by the [[Afghan people|Afghan]] leader [[Sher Shah]].<ref name="Multiple5">S.K. Banjerji: "Humayun Badshah".</ref> Akbar did not go to Persia with his parents, and was raised for a time instead by his uncle Askari and his wife in the rugged country of [[Afghanistan]] rather than in the splendor of the [[Persian Empire|Persian]] court. He spent his youth learning to hunt, run and fight, but he never learned to read or write, the sole exception in Babur's line.<ref name="AknamaVolI">Abul Fazl - Akbarnama Volume I</ref> Nonetheless, Akbar matured into a well-informed ruler, with refined tastes in the arts, architecture and music, a love for literature, and a breadth of vision that tolerated other opinions. Following the chaos over the succession of Islam Shah (Sher Shah's son), Humayun reconquered Delhi in 1555, leading an army partly provided by his Persian ally [[Tahmasp I|Shah Tahmasp]]. Only a few months later, Humayun died from an accident. Akbar succeeded his father on [[February 14]], [[1556]], while in the midst of a war against Sikandar Shah for the reclamation of the Mughal throne. Here, in Kalanaur the 13 year old Akbar donned a golden robe and Dark Tiara and sat on a newly constructed platform, which still stands[http://punjabgovt.nic.in/government/gurdas1.GIF], and was proclaimed "Shahanshah" ([[Persian language|Persian]] for "King of Kings") == Clash with Hemu == Early into Akbar's career, he decided that he should eliminate the threat of [[Sher Shah]]'s dynasty, and decided to lead an army against the strongest of the three, [[Sikandar Shah Suri]], in the [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. He left the city of Delhi under the regency of [[Tardi Beg Khan]]. [[Sikandar Shah Suri]] presented no major concern for Akbar, and often withdrew from territory as Akbar approached; however, back in Delhi [[Hemu]], a low-[[caste]] Hindu warrior, succeeded in launching a surprise attack on the unprepared Tardi Beg Khan, who promptly fled the city. Hemu, who had launched the attack on behalf of [[Adil Shah Suri]], one of Sikandar's brothers, had won 22 successive battles and appointed himself ruler, or ''Raja Vikramaditya'', instead Adil Shah. Word of the capitulation of Delhi spread quickly to the new Mughal ruler, and he was advised to withdraw to [[Kabul]], which was relatively secure. However, Bairam Khan differed and urged Akbar to fight the invaders and reclaim the capital. Akbar sided with Bairam, and began to march on Delhi. In order to bolster troop morale, Akbar took the curious step of ordering that someone "prepare [[fireworks]] as a treat for the soldiers" and that one should "make an image of Hemu, fill it with gunpowder, and set it on fire". On the march forward, he was joined by Tardi Beg and his retreating troops, who also urged him to retreat to Kabul, but Akbar refused again; later, Bairam Khan had the former regent executed for cowardice, though [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]] and [[Jahangir]] both record that they believed that Bairam Khan was merely using the retreat from Kabul as an excuse to eliminate a rival. On [[November 5]], 1556 Akbar's Mughal army defeated the numerically superior forces of General [[Hemu]] at the [[Second Battle of Panipat]], fifty miles north of [[Delhi]], thanks to a chance arrow into Hemu's eye. Hemu was brought before Akbar unconscious, and was beheaded. Some sources say that it was actually Bairam Khan who killed the man, but Akbar certainly did use the term "Ghazi", ''killer of Kafirs'', a term used by both [[Babur]], his grandfather, and [[Timur]] when fighting the [[Kafir]] (''non-Muslims'') in India. Hemu's head was sent to Kabul while his body was displayed on a type of gallows specially constructed to display this dead body. Even more gruesomely Akbar followed an old Khanate tradition, one which pre-dates even [[Genghis Khan]], and constructed a "victory pillar" made from the heads of the dead soldiers. The victory also left Akbar with over 1,500 [[war elephant]]s which he used to re-engage Sikandar Shah at the siege of Mankot. Sikandar surrendered and so was spared death, and lived the last remaining two years of his life on a large estate granted to him by Akbar. In 1557 the only other threat to Akbars rule, Adil Shah, brother of Sikandar, died during a battle in [[Bengal]]. Thus, by the time Akbar was 15 his rule over Hindustan was secured. ==Bairam Khan== Akbar was only 13 years old when he became emperor, and so his general ruled on his behalf till he came of age. The regency belonged to [[Bairam Khan]], a [[Shia]] [[Turkmen people|Turkoman]] noble who successfully dealt with [[pretender]]s to the throne and improved the discipline of the Mughal armies. He ensured power was centralised and was able to expand the empires boundaries with orders from the capital. These moves helped to consolidate Mughal power in the newly recovered empire. Respect for Bairam's regency was not, however, universal. There were many people plotting his demise in order to assume the apparent absolute rule they saw in him. Much was written, critically, of his religion. The majority of the early court were Sunni Muslims, and Bairam's Shia'ism was disliked. Bairam knew about this, and perhaps even to spite that, appointed a Shia Sheikh, [[Kamboj in Muslim and British Era#Shaikh Abdul Gadai Kamboh|Gadai]] to become the Administrator General, one of the more important roles in the empire. Further Bairam lived a rather opulent lifestyle, which appeared to be even more excessive than that of Akbar. The most serious of those opposed to Bairam was [[Maham Anga]], Akbar's aunt, chief nurse and mother of his foster brother, [[Adham Khan]]. Maham was both shrewd and manipulative and hoped to rule herself by proxy through her son. In March 1560 the pair of them urged Akbar to visit them in Delhi, leaving Bairam in the capital, [[Agra]]. While in Delhi Akbar was bombarded by people who told him he was now ready to take full control of the empire and to dismiss Bairam. He was persuaded to fund an excursion for Bairam to go on [[Hajj]] to [[Mecca]], which was to act, essentially, as a form of ostracism. Bairam was shocked at the news from Delhi, but was loyal to Akbar, and despite Akbars refusal to even meet with the General, refused the suggestions by some of his commanders to march on Delhi and "rescue" Akbar. Bairam left for Mecca, but was quickly met by an army sent by Adham Khan, but approved by Akbar, which was sent to "escort" him from the Mughal territories. Bairam saw this as the last straw, and led an attack on the army, but was captured and sent as a rebel back to Akbar to be sentenced. Bairam Khan, whose military genius had seen the Mughals regain their lands in India, who had served both Humayun and Akbar loyally, and laid the foundation for a strong empire, was now before the emperor as a prisoner. [[Maham Anga]] urged Akbar to execute Bairam, but Akbar refused. Instead, in defiance of Anga, he laid down full honours to the General, and gave him robes of honour, and agreed to fund him a proper Hajj excursion. However, shorlty after Bairam Khan's Hajj journey got underway, just before he reached the port city of [[Khambhat]] (then known as "Cambay") he encountered an Afghan whose father had been killed five years earlier in a battle led by Bairam. The Afgan saw a chance to reap vengeance, and promptly stabbed Bairam, who died on [[January 31]], [[1561]]. ==Adham Khan and Maham Anga== With the demise of Bairam Khan, Maham Anga saw an opportunity for herself, and attempted to wrest the control that Bairam had. Her attempts at absolute rule, however, were not particularly successful. In February 1561, her son Adham was sent to capture [[Malwa]], which was being incompetently ruled by [[Baz Bahadur]]. Baz Bahadur was a talented musician but had no ability to govern an area, and many of the people of the area had fled to Mughal territories, alerting the Mughals to the possibility of taking the area. As the army of Adham Khan approached Baz Bahadur fled, leaving behind his wealth and his wives in their [[Harem (household)|Harem]], and instructions that they were to be killed if the city of Sarangpur (''now a part of the [[Rajgarh District]]'') fell to the Mughals. However, despite the best attempts by the [[Eunuch]] in charge of the Harem, many of the women survived; even [[Rupmati]], who was famed through many of Baz Bahadurs songs for her beauty, survived multiple slash wounds to be captured by the invading Mughals. [[Image:Akbar as a boy.jpg|thumb|left|Akbar as a boy around 1557]] However, aside from this instance when he was thwarted, Adham engaged in some thoroughly grotesque abuses of the captured Harem and populace. The least attractive members of the women were brought before the senior members of the invading army and killed, as they drank alcohol, took opium pellets, and generally treated the event as if it were a festive occasion. Badauni records that on at least one occasion members present tried to stop the slaughter but were shackled. The slaughter was not only of the women in the harem, and Badauni records that "Sayyids and Sheikhs came out to meet him with their [[Qur'an]]s in hand, but Khan put them all to death and burnt them". Besides, Adham kept the vast majority of the wealth and captives for himself and sent a mere three elephants to his Emperor. Along with the elephants, Akbar received word of what Adham had done, and became enraged. He decided to ride out to Malwar himself, along with a small band of loyal soldiers, racing and beating a group of courtiers sent by Maham Anga to warn Adham of Akbar's rage. Adham became terrified and quickly begged for Akbar's forgiveness. Akbar forgave him, and received the booty he had seized. However, Adham secretly kept two of the women he decided were the most attractive in his own Harem. When Akbar found out about this, Maham Anga killed the women, fearing what they might reveal about Adham to Akbar. ==Restoration== While previous Muslim rulers, in particular the Mughal founder [[Babur]], allowed freedom of worship for Hindus and other religious groups, Akbar engaged in a policy of actively encouraging members of the varying religious groups to enter his government. In one instance, he persuaded the [[Kacchwaha]] Rajput rulers of [[Amber]](modern day [[Jaipur]]) into a matrimonial alliance: The King of Amber's daughter, Hira Kunwari, became Akbar's queen. She took the name [[Jodhabai]], and was the mother of Prince Salim, who later became the Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]]. Further, while other Muslim rulers had married Hindu wives, he was the first one to allow to fully practise their religion, not just without hindrance but with everything they needed in that regard. During his reign more than in any other Mughal ruler's, Hindus were employed in the [[Civil Service]]. He also married a Christian woman from Goa, [[Maryam]]. The other Rajput kingdoms also gave their daughters' hands to Akbar, until only two Rajput clans remained against him, the [[Sisodiya]]s of [[Mewar]] and [[Hada]]s ([[Chauhan]]s) of [[Ranthambore]]. The Rajputs were a famed group of Hindu warriors, who, like the Afghans took opium prior to battle to ward off fear. Entering into an alliance with these groups helped to secure Akbar's control, as for the next 100 years Rajput soldiers served on behalf of the Mughal empire. Finally [[Raja Man Singh]] of Amber went with Akbar to meet the Hada leader, [[Surjan Hada]], to effect an alliance. Surjan grudgingly accepted an alliance on the condition that Akbar did not marry any of his daughters. Surjan later moved his residence to [[Varanasi|Banaras]]. Akbar is recorded as saying "A monarch should be ever intent on conquest, lest his neighbours rise in arms against him", and he went on to expand the Mughal empire to include [[Malwa]] (1562), [[Gujarat]] (1572), [[Bengal]] (1574), [[Kabul]] (1581), [[Kashmir]] (1586), and [[Kandesh]] (1601), among others. Akbar installed a governor over each of the conquered provinces, under his authority. Akbar did not want to have his court tied too closely to the city of [[Delhi]]. He ordered the court moved to [[Fatehpur Sikri]], near [[Agra]], but when this site proved untenable, he set up a roaming camp that let him keep a close eye on what was happening throughout the empire. He developed and encouraged commerce, in part by abolishing religious restrictions on the conduct of business between Muslims and Hindus. Akbar's tax reforms were an especially noteworthy achievement, and formed the basis of the Mughal Empire's immense wealth in succeeding generations. His officials prepared a detailed and accurate cadaster (land register) noting each land parcel's soil quality, water access, etc., and then converted those characteristics to money, taking account of the different prevailing prices for various crops in each region of the Empire. This was a distinct improvement on earlier land tax systems, including the Egyptian and Roman ones, which had levied land taxes as an in-kind share of the harvest. By making land tax payments more accurately reflect the economic rent of the land in money rather than the actual harvest, Akbar's innovations had the effect of stimulating both investment in improvements and more productive use of the land. He also abolished the jizyah (a discriminatory tax on non-Muslims) and gave strict orders to prevent extortion by [[tax]] collectors. The salutary economic effect of these reforms was such that the revered Qing emperor Kang Xi adopted similar measures a century later in China, with similar success. ==Personality of Akbar== Akbar is said to have been a benevolent and wise ruler, a man of new ideas, and a sound judge of character. As a ruler, he was able to win the love and reverence of his subjects. [[Image:Akbar lg.jpg|thumb|150px|The court of Akbar, an illustration from Akbarnama]] [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazal]], and even the hostile critic [[Badayuni]], described him as having a commanding personality. He was fearless in the chase as well as in the field of battle, and, "like [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] of Macedon, was always ready to risk his life, regardless of political consequences". He often plunged his horse into the full-flooded river during the rainy seasons and safely crossed over to the other side. Though a mighty conqueror, he did not usually indulge in cruelty. He is said to have been affectionate towards his relatives. He pardoned his brother Hakim, who was a repented rebel. However, on some rare occasions, he dealt cruelly with the offenders, as is shown by his behavior towards his maternal uncle, Muazzam, and his foster-brother, Adam Khan. He is said to have been extremely moderate in his diet. According to records, he was fond of fruits and had little liking for meat, which he ceased to eat altogether in his later years. Many of the historians are of the opinion that Emperor Akbar possessed inordinate "lust" for women. It is also believed that he was an alcoholic as well. He had a harem of over 5000 women. : ... Akbar habitually drank hard. The good father had boldly dared to reprove the emperor sharply for his licentious relations with women. Akbar instead of resenting the priests audacity, blushingly excused himself. <ref> Page 81, "Akbar, The Great Mogul" by V.Smith Second Edition. Publishers S.Chand and Company Delhi 1958</ref> ==Views on religion== At the time of Akbar's rule, the Mughal Empire included both [[Hindu]]s and [[Muslim]]s. Profound differences separate the Islamic and Hindu faith. When Akbar commenced his rule, a majority of the subjects in the Mughal Empire were Hindus. However, the rulers of the empire were almost exclusively Muslim. In this highly polarized society, Akbar fostered tolerance for all religions. He not only appointed Hindus to high posts, but also tried to remove all distinctions between the Muslims and non-Muslims. He abolished the pilgrim tax in the eighth year and the [[jizya]] in the ninth year of his reign, and inaugurated a policy of universal toleration. He also enjoyed a good relationship with the [[Catholic Church]], who routinely sent [[Jesuit]] priests to debate in his court, and at least three of his Grandsons were baptized as Catholics (though they did become Muslim later in life). Akbar built a building called ''Ibadat Khana'' (House of Worship), where he encouraged religious debate. Originally, this debating house was open only to [[Sunni]]s, but following a series of petty squabbles which turned ugly, Akbar encouraged Hindus, [[Catholic]]s and even [[Carvaka|atheists]] to participate. He tried to reconcile the differences of both religions by creating a new faith called the [[Din-i-Ilahi]] ("Faith of the Divine"), which incorporated both 'pantheistic' versions of Islamic Sufism (most notably the Ibn Arabi's doctrine of 'Wahdat al Wajood' or Unity of existence )and 'bhakti' or devotional cults of Hinduism. Even some elements of [[Christianity]] - like crosses, [[Zoroastrianism]]- fire worship and [[Jainism]] were amalgamated in the new religion. Akbar the Great was particularly famed for this. Akbar was greatly influenced by the teachings of JainAcharyaHir Vijay Suri and Jin Chandra Suri.Akbar gave up non-vegetarian food by their influence.Akbar declared "Amari" or non-killing of animals in the holy days of Jains like Paryushan and Mahavir Jayanti.He rolled back Zazia Tax from Jain Pilgrim places like Palitana. This faith, however, was not for the masses. In fact, the only "converts" to this new religion were the upper nobility of Akbar's court. Historians have so far been able to identify only 18 members of this new religion. He also married several Hindu princesses, though many consider that to be politically motivated rather than a genuine attempt at religious reconciliation. Akbar passed [[decrees]] against [[child marriage]] and [[sati (practice)|sati]]. [citation needed] Akbar's move to start the pseudo religion of Din-I-Ilahi was a brilliant move to wrest absolute power from the islamic clergy to the monarchy and establish the king as the supreme authority. Akbar was greatly fond of big game hunting. In this regard, it is doubtful that he even contemplated vegetarianism. ==Patron of arts and literature== Although Akbar was [[Illiteracy|illiterate]], he had a fine literary taste. He took interest in [[philosophy]], [[theology]], history, and politics. He maintained a library full of books on various subjects, and was fond of the society of scholars, poets and philosophers, who read books to him aloud, and thus enabled him to be conversant with [[Sufi]], Christian, [[Zoroastrian]], Hindu and Jain literature. He used to invite scholars from different religions for discussions with him. In his book, "Akbar, The Great Mogul" Vincent Smith wrote that "anybody who heard him arguing with acuteness and lucidity on a subject of debate would have credited him with wide literary knowledge and profound erudition and never would have suspected him of illiteracy". He was a patron to many literary figures, including the brothers [[Feizi]] and [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul-Fazel]]. The former was commissioned by Akbar to translate a number of [[Sanskrit]] scientific works into [[Persian language|Persian]]; and the latter produced the [[Akbarnama]], an enduring record of the emperor's reign. It is also said that Akbar employed [[Jerome Xavier]] (nephew of [[Francis Xavier]]) , a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] missionary, to translate the four [[Gospel]]s of the [[New Testament]] into Persian. He commissioned the Tarikh-i-Alfi, or "The History of a Thousand Years" to celebrate the year 1000 (1591-92CE) on the Muslim calendar, though only about thirty of the original hundreds of paintings and pages of the manuscript now remain. Akbar also possessed a fair taste of art, architecture and mechanical works. Many pieces, including the magnificent [[Hamzanama]], were produced under Akbar. Akbar is also credited with many inventions and improvements in the manufacture of [[matchlock]]s. He built a vast administrative machinery on a detailed plan. He looked, as we know from the [[Ain-i-Akbari]], "upon the smallest details as mirrors capable of reflecting a comprehensive outline''. ==Akbar and Science== Akbar had absolutely no interest in the physical sciences. Even a printed Gutenberg bible presented to him by the Portuguese aroused no interest. Hence, India's steep decline in sciences which began with the advent of the Islamic invasions continued unabated even under the most progressive of all the Mughals. ==''Navratnas''== As with many Indian rulers Akbar's court had ''[[Navaratnas]]'' ("Nine Jewels"), a term denoting a group of nine extraordinary people. Akbar's Navratnas were: * [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul-Fazel]] - Akbars's chief advisor and author of [[Akbarnama]], Akbar's biography * [[Faizi]] * [[Tansen|Mian Tansen]] - known for his voice and music * [[Birbal]] - known for great wit * [[Raja Todar Mal]] * [[Raja Man Singh]] * [[Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana]] * [[Fakir Aziao-Din]] * [[Mullah Do Piaza]] * [[Baiju Bawara]] ==Final years== The last few years of Akbar's reign were troubled by the misconduct of his sons. Two of them died in their youth, the victims of [[alcoholism|intemperance]]. The third, Salim, later known as [[Emperor]] [[Jahangir]], was frequently in rebellion against his father. [[Asirgarh]], a fort in the [[Deccan]], proved to be the last conquest of Akbar, taken in 1599 as he proceeded north to face his son's rebellion. Reportedly, Akbar keenly felt these calamities, and they may even have affected his health and hastened his death, which occurred in Agra. His body was interned in a magnificent mausoleum at Sikandra, near Agra. ==Akbar in media== *Akbar was portrayed in the [[Hindi]] movie ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'', in which he was played by [[Prithviraj Kapoor]]. *Akbar and Birbal were portrayed in the [[Hindi]] series ''Akbar-Birbal'' aired on [[Zee TV]] in late 1990s. *A television series, called ''Akbar the Great'', directed by [[Sanjay Khan]] was aired on [[Doordarshan]] in the 1990s. *[[Ashutosh Gowariker]] is making a film on Akbar and his wife Jodha bai entitled ''[[Akbar-Jodha]]''. * A fictionalized Akbar plays an important supporting role in Kim Stanley Robinson's 2002 novel, ''[[The Years of Rice and Salt]]''. * [[Amartya Sen]] uses Akbar has a prime example in his books ''[[The Argumentative Indian]]'' and ''Violence and Identity''. * [[Bertrice Small]] is known for incorporating historical figures as primary characters in her romance novels, and Akbar is no exception. He is a prominent figure in two of her novels, and mentioned several times in a third, which takes place after his death. In ''This Heart of Mine'' the heroine becomes Akbar's fortieth "wife" for a time, while ''Wild Jasmine'' and ''Darling Jasmine'' centre around the life of his half-British daughter. == See also == *[[Mughal Emperor]] *[[List of people known as The Great]] *[[Banarasidas|The Death of Akbar]] *[[Akbarnama|The Akbarnama]] ==Notes== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==References== * Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak ''Akbar-namah'' Edited with commentary by Muhammad Sadiq Ali (Kanpur-Lucknow: Nawal Kishore) 1881-3 Three Vols. ([[Persian Language|Persian]]) * Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak ''Akbarnamah'' Edited by Maulavi Abd al-Rahim. Bibliotheca Indica Series (Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal) 1877-1887 Three Vols. ([[Persian Language|Persian]]) * Henry Beveridge (Trans.) ''The Akbarnama of Ab-ul-Fazl'' Bibliotheca Indica Series (Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal) 1897 Three Vols. * Haji Muhammad 'Arif Qandahari ''Tarikh-i-Akbari (Better known as Tarikh-i-Qandahari)'' edited & Annotated by Haji Mu'in'd-Din Nadwi, Dr. Azhar 'Ali Dihlawi & Imtiyaz 'Ali 'Arshi (Rampur: Raza Library) 1962 ([[Persian Language|Persian]]) ==External links== * [http://www.i3pep.org/archives/2004/11/12/akbar/ Akbar] * [http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A014 Akbar's Reign] * {{gutenberg|no=14134|name=Akbar, Emperor of India, ''by Richard von Garbe, translated by Lydia G. Robinson''}} * [http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MUGHAL/AKBAR.HTM The Mughals: Akbar] * [http://www.worldofbiography.com/9001%2DAkbar/ The Mughal Emperor Akbar : World of Biography] * [http://www.jamshedpurlive.com/i/h/genealogy.html Dastoor Meherji Rana] Genealogy <br> {{start box}} {{succession box|title=[[List of Mughal emperors|Mughal Emperor]]|before=[[Humayun]]|after=[[Jahangir]]|years=1556&ndash;1605}} {{end box}} {{Persondata |NAME=Akbar |ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Akbar, Jalaluddin Muhammad (full name); Akbar, Jellaladin Muhammad (alternate form); Akbar, Celalettin Muhammad (alternate form); Akbar the Great (honorific); جلال الدین محمد اکب (Persian) |SHORT DESCRIPTION=Mughal emperor |DATE OF BIRTH=[[October 15]] [[1542]] |PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]] |DATE OF DEATH=[[October 27]] [[1605]] |PLACE OF DEATH=[[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] }} [[Category:Mughal emperors]] [[Category:Muslims]] [[Category:Polygamists]] [[Category:1542 births]] [[Category:1605 deaths]] [[ar:جلال الدين أكبر]] [[ast:Akbar]] [[bn:আকবর]] [[bs:Akbar Veliki]] [[ca:Akbar el Gran]] [[da:Akbar]] [[de:Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar]] [[es:Akbar]] [[eo:Akbar]] [[eu:Akbar]] [[fr:Akbar]] [[gl:Akbar]] [[hy:Աքբար Մեծ]] [[io:Akbar]] [[id:Akbar yang Agung]] [[is:Akbar mikli]] [[it:Akbar Imperatore dell'India]] [[he:אכבר]] [[ku:Ekberê Mezin]] [[li:Akbar de Groete]] [[ms:Akbar Agung]] [[nl:Akbar]] [[ja:アクバル]] [[no:Akbar den store]] [[nds:Akbar]] [[pl:Akbar]] [[pt:Akbar]] [[ru:Акбар Великий]] [[scn:Akbar lu Granni]] [[simple:Akbar the Great]] [[sr:Акбар Велики]] [[sh:Akbar Veliki]] [[fi:Akbar]] [[sv:Akbar den store]] [[ur:اکبر اعظم]] [[zh:阿克巴]] 474 1220 2006-10-17T21:34:23Z Arikasikis 11 say [[Baybay tan Sagor na Luzon]] enyales paula ed [[Baybay ya Sagor na Luzon]] #REDIRECT [[Baybay ya Sagor na Luzon]] 475 1224 2006-10-17T21:36:41Z Arikasikis 11 say [[Baybay ya Sagor na Luzon]] enyales paula ed [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] #REDIRECT [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] 476 1227 2006-10-17T21:46:48Z Arikasikis 11 <div style="text-align: center; clear:both; margin: 1.5em 0em"> {| id="toc" style="margin: auto; line-height: 1.5; font-size: smaller; text-align: left;" |- | colspan="2" style="background:#ccccff; font-size: larger;" align="center" | '''[[Siyudad]] san [[Baley]] na [[Luyag na Pangasinan]]''' |- |style="padding:0px 5px" align="right"|'''Saray Siyudad:''' |style="padding:0px 5px" | [[Alaminos City]] | [[Dagupan City]] | [[San Carlos City, Pangasinan]] | [[Urdaneta City]] |- |style="padding:0px 5px" align="right"|'''Saray Baley:''' |style="padding:0px 5px" | [[Agno, Pangasinan|Agno]] | [[Aguilar, Pangasinan|Aguilar]] | [[Alcala, Pangasinan|Alcala]] | [[Anda, Pangasinan|Anda]] | [[Asingan, Pangasinan|Asingan]] | [[Balungao, Pangasinan|Balungao]] | [[Bani, Pangasinan|Bani]] | [[Basista, Pangasinan|Basista]] | [[Bautista, Pangasinan|Bautista]] | [[Bayambang, Pangasinan|Bayambang]] | [[Binalonan, Pangasinan|Binalonan]] | [[Binmaley, Pangasinan|Binmaley]] | [[Bolinao, Pangasinan|Bolinao]] | [[Bugallon, Pangasinan|Bugallon]] | [[Burgos, Pangasinan|Burgos]] | [[Calasiao, Pangasinan|Calasiao]] | [[Dasol, Pangasinan|Dasol]] | [[Infanta, Pangasinan|Infanta]] | [[Labrador, Pangasinan|Labrador]] | [[Laoac, Pangasinan|Laoac]] | [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] | [[Mabini, Pangasinan|Mabini]] | [[Malasiqui, Pangasinan|Malasiqui]] | [[Manaoag, Pangasinan|Manaoag]] | [[Mangaldan, Pangasinan|Mangaldan]] | [[Mangatarem, Pangasinan|Mangatarem]] | [[Mapandan, Pangasinan|Mapandan]] | [[Natividad, Pangasinan|Natividad]] | [[Pozzorubio, Pangasinan|Pozzorubio]] | [[Rosales, Pangasinan|Rosales]] | [[San Fabian, Pangasinan|San Fabian]] | [[San Jacinto, Pangasinan|San Jacinto]] | [[San Manuel, Pangasinan|San Manuel]] | [[San Nicolas, Pangasinan|San Nicolas]] | [[San Quintin, Pangasinan|San Quintin]] | [[Santa Barbara, Pangasinan|Santa Barbara]] | [[Santa Maria, Pangasinan|Santa Maria]] | [[Santo Tomas, Pangasinan|Santo Tomas]] | [[Sison, Pangasinan|Sison]] | [[Sual, Pangasinan|Sual]] | [[Tayug, Pangasinan|Tayug]] | [[Umingan, Pangasinan|Umingan]] | [[Urbiztondo, Pangasinan|Urbiztondo]] | [[Villasis, Pangasinan|Villasis]] |} </div> 477 1233 2006-10-17T21:54:29Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine city | infoboxtitle = Alaminos City | locatormapfile = Ph_locator_pangasinan_alaminos.png | caption = Mapa na [[Luyag na Pangasinan]] ya nanengneng so location na Alaminos. | region = [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] Region (Region I) | province = [[Pangasinan]] | districts = 1st district of Pangasinan| barangays = 39 | class = 5th class; partially urban | areakm2 = 137.00 | pop2000 = 73,448 | popden2000 = 536 | }} '''Alaminos City''' is a 5th class [[Philippine city|city]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 73,448 people in 15,527 households. [[Hundred Islands National Park]], a tourism destination composed of 123 small islands, is located in Alaminos City. ==Barangays== Alaminos City is politically subdivided into 39 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Alos * Amandiego * Amangbangan * Balangobong * Balayang * Bisocol * Bolaney * Baleyadaan * Bued * Cabatuan * Cayucay * Dulacac * Inerangan </td><td valign=top> * Linmansangan * Lucap * Macatiw * Magsaysay * Mona * Palamis * Pangapisan * Poblacion * Pocalpocal * Pogo * Polo * Quibuar * Sabangan </td><td valign=top> * San Jose * San Roque * San Vicente * Santa Maria * Tanaytay * Tangcarang * Tawintawin * Telbang * Victoria * Landoc * Maawi * Pandan * San Antonio </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.alaminoscity.com/ Community Website of the City of Alaminos] * [http://rotary.alaminoscity.info/ Official Website of the Rotary Club of the Hundred Islands, Alaminos City] * [http://www.alaminoscity.gov.ph/ Official Website of City Government of Alaminos] * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Cities in the Philippines]] [[de:Alaminos (Pangasinan)]] [[ilo:Ciudad ti Alaminos]] [[nl:Alaminos City]] 478 1232 2006-10-17T21:52:30Z Arikasikis 11 {| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" width="300px" |+colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"| '''{{{infoboxtitle}}}''' {{ #if: {{{sealfile|}}} | {{!}}- {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"{{!}} [[Image:{{{sealfile}}}{{!}}center{{!}}100px{{!}}Official seal of {{{infoboxtitle}}}]] }} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: #e0e0e0;;"| '''Location''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 0.9em;"| [[Image:{{{locatormapfile}}}|250px|center|{{{caption}}}]]{{{caption}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: #e0e0e0;;"| '''Government''' |- | width="100px" | '''[[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]''' | width="200px" | {{{region}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Luyag]]''' | {{{province}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''[[House of Representatives of the Philippines#District Representation|District]]''' | {{{districts}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Bilang na [[Barangay]]''' | {{{barangays}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Cities of the Philippines#Classification|Income class]]:''' | {{{class}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Mayor]]''' | {{{mayor}}} {{ #if: {{{founded|}}} | {{!}}- style="vertical-align:top;" {{!}} '''Founded''' {{!}} {{{founded}}} }} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Cityhood''' | {{{cityhood}}} {{ #if: {{{website|}}} | {{!}}- style="vertical-align:top;" {{!}} '''[[Website|Official Website]]''' {{!}} {{{website}}} }} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: #e0e0e0;;"| '''Physical characteristics''' |- style="vertical-align:top;" {{ #if: {{{areakm2|}}} | {{!}} '''[[Awang]]''' {{!}} {{{areakm2}}} [[Square kilometre|km²]] }} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Bilang na Too]]''' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total ([[2000]]) {{ #if: {{{popden2000|}}} | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Population density|Density]] }} | <br />{{{pop2000}}}{{ #if: {{{popden2000|}}} |<br />{{{popden2000}}}/[[Square kilometre|km²]] }} {{ #if: {{{coordinates|}}} | {{!}}- style="vertical-align:top;" {{!}} '''[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]''' {{!}} {{{coordinates}}} }} |}<noinclude> [[Category:Coordinates templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:City infobox templates|Philippine city]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 479 1235 2006-10-17T21:57:02Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox Philippine city | infoboxtitle = San Carlos City | locatormapfile = Ph_locator_pangasinan_san carlos.png | caption = Mapa na [[Luyag na Pangasinan]] ya nanengneng so location na San Carlos. | region = [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] Region (Region I) | province = [[Pangasinan]] | districts = 3rd district na Pangasinan | barangays = 86 | class = 2nd class| areakm2 = 169.00 | pop2000 = 154,364 | popden2000 = 913 | }} '''San Carlos City''' is a 2nd class [[Philippine city|city]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 154,264 people in 28,025 households. ==Barangays== San Carlos City is politically subdivided into 86 [[barangay]]s (Fillipino units of government). <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Abanon * Agdao * Anando * Ano * Antipangol * Aponit * Bacnar * Balaya * Balayong * Baldog * Balite Sur * Balococ * Bani * Bega * Bocboc * Bugallon-Posadas Street (Pob * Bogaoan * Bolingit * Bolosan * Bonifacio (Pob.) * Buenglat * Burgos Padlan (Pob.) * Cacaritan * Caingal * Calobaoan * Calomboyan * Capataan * Caoayan-Kiling * Cobol </td><td valign=top> * Coliling * Cruz * Doyong * Gamata * Guelew * Ilang * Inerangan * Isla * Libas * Lilimasan * Longos * Lucban (Pob.) * Mabalbalino * Mabini (Pob.) * Magtaking * Malacañang * Maliwara * Mamarlao * Manzon *Malong street * Matagdem * Mestizo Norte * Naguilayan * Nilentap * Padilla-Gomez * Pagal * Palaming * Palaris (Pob.) * Palospos * Pangalangan </td><td valign=top> * Pangoloan * Pangpang * Paitan-Panoypoy * Parayao * Payapa * Payar * Perez Boulevard (Pob.) * Polo * Quezon Boulevard (Pob.) * Quintong * Rizal (Pob.) * Roxas Boulevard (Pob.) * Salinap * San Juan * San Pedro-Taloy * Sapinit * PNR Station Site * Supo * Talang * Tamayo * Tandoc * Tarece * Tarectec * Tayambani * Tebag * Turac * M. Soriano St. * Tandang Sora </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://sancarloscity.blogspot.com/ San Carlos City Blogs || Panangaro] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Cities in the Philippines]] [[de:San Carlos (Pangasinan)]] [[fr:San Carlos]] [[ilo:Ciudad ti San Carlos]] [[nl:San Carlos City (Pangasinan)]] 480 1240 2006-10-17T22:07:37Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine city | infoboxtitle = Urdaneta City | sealfile = | locatormapfile = Ph_locator_pangasinan_urdaneta.png | caption = Mapa na [[Pangasinan]] ya nanengneng so location na Urdaneta. | region = [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] Region (Region I) | province = [[Pangasinan]] | district = [[5th district na Pangasinan]] | website = [http://www.urdaneta-city.gov.ph http://www.urdaneta-city.gov.ph ] | barangays = 34 | class = 2nd class, partially urban | mayor = Amadeo R. Perez Jr.| cityhood = [[March 21]], [[1998]] | areakm2 = 121.00 | pop2000 = 111,582 | popden2000 = 922 | }} '''Urdaneta City''' is a 2nd class [[Philippine city|city]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 111,582 people in 22,908 households. The city has been identified by the Province of Pangasinan as a growth pole, thereby making the sorrounding localities as its satellite. ==Geography== The City of Urdaneta is located in eastern part of the Province of Pangasinan, situated on 15°56' to 16°0' latitude and 120°29' to 120°37' longitude. Traverse by the [[Manila North Road]] virtually bisecting the locality into the west and east side. The city is bounded north by the Municipality of Binalonan, south of villasis, east by Asingan and west by Sta. Barbara. The city is approximately 186 km. from [[Metro Manila]], 70 km. from [[Baguio]], and 40 km. from [[Lingayen]]. ==Historical Background== Other localities have legends of their own as to how their names evolved. Urdaneta differs. The Purists maintain that since the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] root word was organo, the correct name should have been "Organists". On the other hand, the Theorists are of the opinion that the original name of the city was "Organeta" meaning "little organ or unit" considering that at that time, the place was composed of portions of barrios of adjacent towns where travelers and traders converged. But the next issue that biweldered the concerned groups was whether the city was named after Fr. Andres Urdaneta or Fr. Simon de Urdaneta. While the archives of the National Library show that it was after Fr. Miguel de Urdaneta, some articles on the city's history envariably reffered to Fr. Simon de Urdaneta. Curiously noted historian Fr. Jose Ma. Gonzalez, author of "Labor Evangelica y Civilizadora delos Religioso en Pangasinan", was silent in this issue. ==Creation of the City== On January 10, 1998, the Philippine Congress enacted and passed R.A. 8480 converting the Municipality of Urdaneta as a component city of the Province of Pangasinan. The electorate in a plebiscite overhelmingly ratified this legislative act and the locality was proclaimed as a city on March 21, 1998. ==Establishments== Most commercial establishments in Urdaneta such as large department and variety stores, business and professional offices, hotels and theaters are found in brgy's Poblacion, Nancayasan and San Vicente. There are also food chains such as [[Jollibee]], [[McDonald's]], Cindys, [[Shakeys]], [[Chowking]] and [[KFC]]. And offices of multinational companies, among which are those of Coca-Cola Phils., Pepsi-Cola, San Miguel Corp. and Nestle products. There are also malls in the city such as Magic mall and CB mall. [[SM Prime Holdings]] want also to put up a mall in the city. ==Education== {| border="1" style="float:right; font-size:0.85em; background-color:#F0F8FF;" |+'''EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN URDANETA CITY''' ! SECONDARY PUBLIC SCHOOLS !! PRIVATE SCHOOLS |- | *Anonas N H S *Bactad East N H S *Badipa N H S *Cabaruan N H S *Cabuloan N H S *Camabu N H S *Camantiles N H S *Casabula N H S *Catablan N H S *Cayambanan N H S *Don Antonio Bongolan N H S *Don Mariano Q. Umipig N H S *Labit N H S *Lananpin N H S *Nancalobasaan N H S *Palina East N H S *Palina West N H S *Pedro T. Orata N H S *Urdaneta City N H S | *Divine Grace Montessori School *Sisonand Aruego Colleges *St. Andrew Montessori School *St. Francisof Urdaneta *St. Matthew Montessori School *St. Paul Christian Center *Tender Loving Care School *Urdaneta High School *Urdaneta School Of Commerce *Child Devt. Centerof Urdaneta Inc. *Divine Grace Montessori School *Homeschooled in City Of Urdaneta *Immaculate Heart Learning Center *Maranatha Christian Academy *Merry Land M S, Inc. *Metropolitan International Christian Academy *Michelli Maries M S *Mother Goose Spec. Science High School, Inc. *Motherof Graceof Urdaneta Inc. *Loving Heart Christian School *Lyceum Northern Luzon High School *North Woods Academy *Our Ladyofthe Lilies Academy |} Urdaneta city has more elementary schools and more high schools than any other cities and towns in Pangasinan.The city is a center of education in Eastern [[Pangasinan]] due to numerous tertiary institution, including: *Lyceum Northwestern University *Lyceum Northern Luzon *City College of Urdaneta *Pangasinan College of Science and Technology *Urdaneta College of Technology *Divine Word College of Urdaneta *Pangasinan State University *STI-Urdaneta *AMA-Urdaneta *ABE-International College of Business and Economics ==Notable Persons== *'''Dr. Pedro T. Orata''' - ORATA was born in Bangar, a remote sitio (section) of Barrio (village) Bactad, Urdaneta, in northern Pangasinan Province of the Philippines, on February 27, 1899. He was a Magsaysay Awardee and dubbed as the Father of barangay High Schools. *'''Danny Ildefonso''' - PBA player and two time MVP. ==Urdaneta tops in finances== [[Urdaneta City]] is now the cream of the crop. Based on the financial report released by the Commission on Audit for 2005, Urdaneta City is now the leading city not only in [[Pangasinan]] but in the Northwestern Luzon region in terms of net income, gross income, total assets and total equity. The COA report showed Urdaneta reported a net income of P132,107,000 with a gross income of P382,699,000 and expenses amounting to P250,582,000, considered only as the third highest among eight cities in the region. Urdaneta, which won its cityhood only in March 1998, had the highest total assets among all the region’s cities totaling P810,722,000, registering total equity of P693,166,000 with total liabilities of P117,546,000, among the lowest in the region so far. In contrast, [[Dagupan City]] the oldest city in Region 1 had the lowest net income among in the province and among eight Northwestern Luzon Region cities at P18,901,000, according to the COA financial report. Dagupan, however, registered the second highest total income at P357,404,000 but the report showed it is also the biggest spender among all eight cities, registering total expenditure amounting to P338,503,000 in 2005. Urdaneta and Dagupan City are the only second class cities in the Northwestern Luzon region today. But Urdaneta’s rise to second class from fourth class when it earned its city hood eight years ago is considered phenomenal. Dagupan trails Urdaneta in total assets at P713,760,000 but again it registered the highest total liabilities among all cities in the region at P372,420,000, placing its total equity to P341,340,000. ==Barangays== Urdaneta City is politically subdivided into 34 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Anonas * Bactad East * Bactad Proper * Bayaoas * Bolaoen * Cabaruan * Cabuloan * Camanang * Camantiles * Casantaan * Catablan * Cayambanan </td><td valign=top> * Consolacion * Dilan Paurido * Labit Proper * Labit West * Mabanogbog * Macalong * Nancalobasaan * Nancamaliran East * Nancamaliran West * Nancayasan * Oltama </td><td valign=top> * Palina East * Palina West * Pinmaludpod * Poblacion * San Jose * San Vicente * Santa Lucia * Santo Domingo * Sugcong * Tipuso * Tulong </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.urdaneta-city.gov.ph/ Urdaneta City Official Website] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph/towns/urdaneta.htm City of Urdaneta Brief History] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Cities in the Philippines]] [[de:Urdaneta (Pangasinan)]] [[ilo:Ciudad ti Urdaneta]] [[nl:Urdaneta City]] 481 1243 2006-10-18T00:16:44Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_aguilar.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of Aguilar]] '''Aguilar''' is a 4th class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 33,213 people in 6,131 households. ==Barangays== Aguilar is politically subdivided into 16 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Bayaoas * Baybay * Bocacliw * Bocboc East * Bocboc West * Buer * Calsib * Ninoy </td><td valign=top> * Poblacion * Pogomboa * Pogonsili * San Jose * Tampac * Laoag * Manlocboc * Panacol </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:Aguilar (Philippinen)]] [[ilo:Aguilar, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Aguilar]] [[pam:Aguilar, Pangasinan]] 482 1245 2006-10-18T00:18:06Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_malasiqui.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of Malasiqui]] '''Malasiqui''' is a 1st class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 113,190 people in 20,798 households. It is mainly an agricultural municipality with rice, corn and tropical lowland vegetables as main crops. It is also famous for its mango fruits having one of the largest concentration of mango tree population in the Philippines. The word Malasiqui originates from the Pangasinan root word "lasi" meaning lightning. With prefix "ma' indicating high degree and suffix "qui" indicating place - Malasiqui means "place full of lightning". The municipality traces its origins during the middle of 17th century when Spanish friars opened a mission intended to convert the native population to Catholicism. There were no organized communities in the area before the Spaniards arrived. The present site was then heavily forested with small family groups scattered along banks of small rivers and creeks. The socio-political history of the municipality parallels that of the Pangasinan province and the country in general. Its history is punctuated by periods of foreign domination first by the Spanish, then by the Americans during the first half of the 20th century and briefly by the Japanese during the 2nd World War. The population participated heavily in some of bloodiest rebellions during the Spanish period. Catholicism and other Christian sects dominate the religious life of the people. Ethnically, it is one of the few places in the province of Pangasinan which did not experience in-migration from other regions. Consequently, Pangasinanse is the dominant ethnic group with almost no other groups mixing into the locality. The poblacion or town center, is recently experiencing high commercial growth spurred mainly by high consumer spending generated by increase in family incomes attributable to earnings of OFWs (Overseas Filipino Workers). The estimate of OFW population as a percentage of adult labor force is as much as 22% - one of the highest rates in the Philippines. The OFW phenomenon is so significant that almost all households have at least one member working outside of the country. ==Barangays== Malasiqui is politically subdivided into 73 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Abonagan * Agdao * Alacan * Aliaga * Amacalan * Anolid * Apaya * Asin Este * Asin Weste * Bacundao Este * Bacundao Weste * Bakitiw * Balite * Banawang * Barang * Bawer * Binalay * Bobon * Bolaoit * Bongar * Butao * Cabatling * Cabueldatan * Calbueg * Canan Norte </td><td valign=top> * Canan Sur * Cawayan Bogtong * Don Pedro * Gatang * Goliman * Gomez * Guilig * Ican * Ingalagala * Lareg-lareg * Lasip * Lepa * Loqueb Este * Loqueb Norte * Loqueb Sur * Lunec * Mabulitec * Malimpec * Manggan-Dampay * Nancapian * Nalsian Norte * Nalsian Sur * Nansangaan * Olea </td><td valign=top> * Pacuan * Palapar Norte * Palapar Sur * Palong * Pamaranum * Pasima * Payar * Poblacion * Polong Norte * Polong Sur * Potiocan * San Julian * Tabo-Sili * Tobor * Talospatang * Taloy * Taloyan * Tambac * Tolonguat * Tomling * Umando * Viado * Waig * Warey </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} {{coor title dm|15|55|N|120|25|E|region:PH_type:city}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:Malasiqui]] [[ilo:Malasiqui, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Malasiqui]] [[pam:Malasiqui, Pangasinan]] 483 1246 2006-10-18T00:18:54Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_mangaldan.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of Mangaldan]] '''Mangaldan''' is a 1st class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. It is near the cities of [[Dagupan City|Dagupan]] and [[Baguio]]. It is in the 4th congressional district of Pangasinan. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 82,142 people in 15,356 households. Mangaldan was founded by [[Dominican order]] missionaries from [[Spain]] (the third such city in [[Pangasinan]]). It is known to have already been a Spanish [[encomienda]] by [[1591]]. During [[World War II]], Mangaldan had an airstrip that was used by the [[American military]]. ==Barangays== Mangaldan is politically subdivided into 30 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Alitaya * Amansabina * Anolid * Banaoang * Bantayan * Bari * Bateng * Buenlag * David * Embarcadero (also spelled Imbarcadero) * Gueguesangen * Guesang * Guiguilonen * Guilig * Inlambo </td><td valign=top> * Lanas * Landas * Maasin * Macayug * Malabago * Navaluan * Nibaliw * Osiem * Palua * Poblacion * Pogo * Salaan * Salay * Tebag * Talogtog </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://gov.pangasinan.com/towns/mangaldan.htm Municipality Homepage] * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} {{coor title dm|16|04|N|120|24|E|region:PH_type:city}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:Mangaldan]] [[ilo:Mangaldan, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Mangaldan]] [[pam:Mangaldan, Pangasinan]] 484 1247 2006-10-18T00:19:34Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_san fabian.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of San Fabian]] '''San Fabian''' is a 3rd class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 66,274 people in 12,690 households. ==Barangays== San Fabian is politically subdivided into 34 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Ambalangan-Dalin * Angio * Anonang * Aramal * Bigbiga * Binday * Bolaoen * Bolasi * Cayanga * Gomot * Inmalog * Lekep-Butao </td><td valign=top> * Longos * Mabilao * Nibaliw Central * Nibaliw East * Nibaliw Magliba * Palapad * Poblacion * Rabon * Sagud-Bahley * Sobol * Tempra-Guilig </td><td valign=top> * Tocok * Lipit-Tomeeng * Colisao * Nibaliw Narvarte (Nibaliw W. * Nibaliw Vidal (Nibaliw West * Alacan * Cabaruan * Inmalog Norte * Longos-Amangonan-Parac-Parac * Longos Proper * Tiblong </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] * [http://www.cbcpworld.com/sanfabianparish Parish of St. Fabian, Pope and Martyr] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:San Fabian]] [[ilo:San Fabian, Pangasinan]] [[nl:San Fabian]] [[pam:San Fabian, Pangasinan]] 485 1249 2006-10-18T00:21:13Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_bayambang.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of Bayambang]] '''Bayambang''' is a 2nd class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 96,609 people in 17,897 households. Bayambang is bounded on the north by Malasiqui, on the south by Camiling, on the east by Bautista, and on the west by Urbiztondo. Bayambang is the farthest town south of the province of Pangasinan. The name of this town according to the legend, came from the name of a plant called "balangbang" which grew in abundance during the early days. The verdant hills of Bayambang were almost covered by these plants. The people made pickles out of them. As years passed by, these plants became extinct in the vicinity, but the name "Bayambang" which sounds like an echo of the plant's name, was retained and was given to designate this town. Others believed that the name of the town came from the once numerous "Culibangbang" tress (these trees are growing on the hills of Bayambang and at present we can still find some of them). It was said that when the Spaniards first came to this town they asked some natives what this place was called. The people thought the Spaniards were asking about the trees, and so they answered "culibangbang." The Spaniards thought it was "Bayambang" and hence forth they called the town by that name. The town of Bayambang is in the central part of Southern Pangasinan . The town got its name from a plant called “Balambang” which grew in abundance in the place during the olden days. The hilly portions on the southern part were almost covered by these plants, which was noted for making salad. As years passed by, theses plants became extinct in the vicinity but not before the town was named after it by changing its letter L to letter Y, hence the name of BAYAMBANG. Bayambang in the early days had a big territorial coverage. The municipality of Bautista , Alcala, Sto. Tomas, Rosales, Paniqui, Gerona and Camiling of the province of Tarlac were once part of the old Bayambang. Today, however, its size has been considerably reduced after the aforementioned municipalities attained municipal status. Bayambang is at present bound4ed by the following municipalities on the north by Basista and Malasiqui; on the east by Bautista; on the south by Camiling, Tarlac, and on the west by Urbiztondo. According to the records obtained from the “Awarans” of our old folks, the late Benaldo Gutierrez and the late Honorato Carungay, and also from the testimonies of some of their contemporaries, Bayambang was founded in the early sixteenth century by an Aeta known as Agalet. In its early founding, the Aita founder led in forming the town by organizing his own tribe. He formed barangays composed of small villages. The town was first located in what is now barrio Inirangan and Hermosa and later on moved to the barrio of Telbang and part of southern Poblacion just at the old Spanish Catholic Cemetery which is better known as the Old Bayambang. The old Municipal building was found near the public market until finally moved to its present location. Bayambang is a historic town. It stands with enduring pride as the first town in Pangasinan to experience disastrous and terrifying events that occurred in the province. It was in Bayambang where the first Juez de Cuchillo sowed horror in 1897. Many of the prominent men of the town were executed and many of the houses were razed to the ground. It was through the intervention of a Spanish-Filipino General which ended the inhuman torture during those days. The lyrics of the Philippine Anthem were written by Jose Palma in Bautista once part of the old Bayambang. By early November 1899, President Emilio Aguinaldo made Bayambang his temporary capital in Pangasinan. Bayambang became the last seat of our short-lived Philippine Republic when the American forces of Gen. Arthur MacArthur captured Tarlac on October 12, 1899 , that's when Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo moved the capital to Bayambang until November 13, 1899 , when he marched on to Isabela. At the now defunct railroad station of Bayambang located at the north end of Rizal Avenue, the town's main artery way before barrio Tambac (this area is currently called the “Estacion”), Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo encountered the Spanish Forces during the revolution. Our national hero, Jose P. Rizal had for a number of times visited Camiling because of his love for Leonor Rivera. Camiling was then a part of Bayambang. Gen. Antonio Luna and his brave men once established camp in Bayambang while fleeing from the “ “Krag “ welding American cavalry. At the railroad station of Bayambang, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo encountered the Spanish Forces during the revolution. Bayambang during the Japanese Regime was made the capital of Pangasinan when Dr. Diaz was appointed Governor by the Japanese Imperial Government, Dr. Diaz held his Provincial Administration Office in Bayambang at the still existing residence of the late Eulogio Dauz, at the junction of Quezon Blvd. And M.H. Del Pilar streets. During the war, three bombs were dropped by the Japanese at Roman Catholic Church of Bayambang. The bombs did not explode something miraculous to reckon with. Bayambang became the first Pilot Town in the Far East when it was chosen to be the seat of the famed UNESCO NATIONAL COMMUNITY TRAINING CENTER . This made Bayambang the Educational show window of the Philippines in the Far East as waves of Educational dignitaries from all over the country as well as from other countries come to town to attend educational workshops and seminars. The first Executive of the town under the Spanish Regime was Vicente Cayabyab who held the office of Gobernadorcillo. In 1892, Mauricio de Guzman became the first Cabeza de Barangay (Captain of the Municipality). He was succeeded by Honorato Carungay, Lorenzo Rodriguez and Julian Mananzan. During the revolutionary period, Saturnino Junio was appointed as the Chief Executive. And when the American Military Government was inaugurated, Evaristo Dimalanta was appointed President. When the CIVIL Government was inaugurated, Lauriano Roldan was appointed as the first President of the town under such government. He was succeeded by Alvino Garcia, Mateo Mananzan, Gavino de Guzman, Marciano Fajardo, Agustin Carungay, Emeterio Camacho, and Enrique M. Roldan. After them followed Mayors Gerundio Emengan, Leopoldo Aquino, Sr., Ambrosio Gloria (appointed by the PCAU of the Army), Bernardo Lagoy, appointed 1946, Leopoldo Aquino, Sr. (reelected), Eligio C. Sagun (1952-1955), Don Numeriano Castro (appointed), Salvador F. Quinto (1956-1959), Miguel C. Matabang (1960-1963), Jaime P. Junio (1964-1986), Feliciano Casingal, Jr. (OIC), Don Daniel Bato (OIC), Domingo Tagulao, Calixto B. Camacho. '''GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION''' '''LATITUDE :''' 15 º 43‘ North 15 º 41‘ North '''LONGITUDE :''' 120º 21' East 120º 33' East '''TOPOGRAPHY / TERRAIN :''' Varies from rolling lands and hills / Generally Flat '''CLIMATE :''' WET Season ( June to October ) DRY Season ( November to May ) '''TOTAL LAND AREA''' 16,800 hectares '''Total Agricultural Area''' 12,225 hectares '''Total Residential Area''' 278 hectares '''Total Commercial Area''' 9.5 hectares '''Total Institutional Area''' 68 hectares '''Forest reserve & Wild Parks''' 2,059 hectares '''Total Industrial Area''' 15.8 hectares Open Space 2,134.7 hectares '''BARANGAYS''' Total Barangays :77 Urban Barangays : 11 Rural Barangays : 66 '''POPULATION''' Total Populations 105, 887 '''HOUSEHOLDS''' Total number of Households : 19,252 '''INCOME CLASS''' 1st CLASS MUNICIPALITY '''LITERACY RATE :''' 92 % '''ANNUALGROWTH RATE :''' 2.5% '''PER CAPITA INCOME :''' P 26,182.00 '''SOURCE OF POWER SUPPLY''' (CENPELCO) Central Pangasinan Electric Coop., Inc '''SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY''' ( BWAD ) BAYAMBANG WATER DISTRICT '''MAJOR SOURCE OF LIVELIHOOD''' Farming & Fishing ==Barangays== Bayambang is politically subdivided into 78 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Alinggan * Amamperez * Amancosiling Norte * Amancosiling Sur * Ambayat I * Ambayat II * Apalen * Asin * Ataynan * Bacnono * Balaybuaya * Banaban * Bani * Batangcawa * Beldet * Beleng * Bical Norte * Bical Sur * Bongato East * Bongato West * Buayaen * Buenlag 1st * Buenlag 2nd * Cadre Site * Carungay * Caturay * Duera </td><td valign=top> * Dusoc * Hermoza * Idong * Inanlorenzana * Inirangan * Iton * Langiran * Ligue * M. H. del Pilar * Macayocayo * Magsaysay * Maigpa * Malimpec * Malioer * Managos * Manambong Norte * Manambong Parte * Manambong Sur * Mangayao * Nalsian Norte * Nalsian Sur * Pangdel * Pantol * Paragos * Poblacion Sur * Pugo </td><td valign=top> * Reynado * San Gabriel 1st * San Gabriel 2nd * San Vicente * Sangcagulis * Sanlibo * Sapang * Tamaro * Tambac * Tampog * Darawey (Tangal) * Tanolong * Tatarao * Telbang * Tococ East * Tococ West * Warding * Wawa * Zone I (Pob.) * Zone II (Pob.) * Zone III (Pob.) * Zone IV (Pob.) * Zone V (Pob.) * Zone VI (Pob.) * Zone VII (Pob.) </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.psu.edu.ph/Bayambang.htm] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:Bayambang]] [[ilo:Bayambang, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Bayambang]] [[pam:Bayambang, Pangasinan]] 486 1250 2006-10-18T00:25:31Z Arikasikis 11 Amin ya bolong (anggapo ed namespace ya $1) 487 1251 2006-10-18T00:26:54Z Arikasikis 11 Enbeneg 488 1252 2006-10-18T00:28:44Z Arikasikis 11 Binalo so ngaran na file, umpian "$1" so balon ngaran to. 489 1253 2006-10-18T00:30:03Z Arikasikis 11 Agew 490 1254 2006-10-18T00:32:51Z Arikasikis 11 Buralen so amin ya binalo ed sayan file. 491 1255 2006-10-18T00:34:13Z Arikasikis 11 Tongtongan para ed sayan IP 492 1256 2006-10-18T00:35:04Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so source 493 1257 2006-10-18T00:36:00Z Arikasikis 11 Isulat so username: 494 1258 2006-10-18T00:36:36Z Arikasikis 11 Anapen 495 1259 2006-10-18T00:37:19Z Arikasikis 11 Ayan bolong 496 1285 2006-10-18T06:47:26Z 130.54.12.245 == No labay yon idagdag so insulat yon antikeg ya estoria diad bolong ya aya, idagdag yo labat. == * [[Eufemia Villamil]] * [[Maria Magsano]] 497 1267 2006-10-18T02:03:29Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Kaonoran ya Bilin: Tongtong a Tugtuwan Agawa]] * [[Vida]] 498 1263 2006-10-18T02:00:31Z Arikasikis 11 '''KAONORAN YA BILIN: TONGTONG A TUGTUWAN AGAWA''' nen ''Maria Magsano'' Nandorongo ran mangoto sa sanina tan sanbabai a di Maria tan Cornelia tan saray aapo na onor ya ngaran. Ven so sankamelagan ed saray apo to tan sikato met so napapalabiay aro. Walad abay ton sipor kapag no mangan ira, kanian kanawnawa toy manguray, manestilo tan manlampay no maminsan ed panangan. Kapag no onla met ya onorong ed ngarem, mapanaynay ay agto ni ombuat ya ondago ya anggad itdan nen bai toy sakey a centimes ya isaliw toy kanen. Diad labi no kasakbayay idokol to, si bai to met so mangipanunot ed pandasal to no bilang ta alipatan to yan gawa to. Diad kautlay labi no isisipen nen bai ya ompan nakalay ules, bangonan ton ulesan. No si ugaw et sinmabi pakasisirit to anggapoy bangonen ton arum noag si bai to. Diad peles dan mangakan, sayay Maria ya anak, lapud anggapoy arum ya pandaleman to ray bengatlan irirap odino erermen tod bilay aya noag si inaton kaibiba ton nanlapud inlesay bilay to, agto apokpokan so inpanbaga to ray kaonoran iran noticias ya sinmabid layag to tan puron nipaakar ed sikaton dili. Agaylay makapasinagem ed agto impakanunot ya si maaro tan malagak ton ina et walay sakit tod puso tan diad saraman ya agew, mabetbet so isigi betbet na paruk na asalita lan puso to. Say destino anti no sikatolay aasabi, dakel ya baraan ya onsabi, dakel ya lingong nagawa ya agnaamamtaan no say palar lay ontawag. “Ina,” kuay mapalnan talima nen Maria, “saray mangiitap na linawa ed siak agni ran siansian napda.” “Akin, anto ta tan lamet anako so pangiirapan day linawad sikaa? Isip kono tinmonda lara ta ayadyari met lay fiesta. Anto tan lamet konoy kuandan nipaakared sika?.” Kuay ina ya singa taruk na sibeg so tanila tan expression na lupa to. “Eh, nanbabangil lamet ya ipapalsa rad siak-ya pati nipaakar ed basinkawel ed politica ya linmabas la. Say kuanda ta si Dona Victorina ibabaga to konod si Apo Gobernador ya sinmungpaak ed candidature to nen peles na basinkawel ed sayay kaonoran ya eleccion. Agko kono makapanburi ta walay inopaan ton secreta ya oonlan inagewagew ya mansisiim ed amin ya kiwas ko. Ontan met nen Don Tasio kono nanbabangil so labir-labir ton nipaakar ed siak lapud agko pangipaonong na pilak na karaklan ed ag onkatunongan ya panbayaran. Sani makapadpaermen, ina, ta saramay profetas nen saman ya angikuan ya aliwliway kasungpalay fiesta tan agda labay so mibiang et sikara natay makakaonan mannununot ya mangalay kuartan nakdaan ya agni agastos,” kuay anak ya singa nanaermenan. “Anto met lay irirap mo anako ed sayan bilay? Polim ira lambengat tan agmo panermenan o paningongotan iratan, tan isaklang mo lan amin ed Dios a Kataawan ta pian payabolan to ka komoy biskeg, dunong tan lalang ya manakbat niran tan ya amin. Inunot mo la anako ed saray irirap nen Katawan tin Jesucristo ipasen mo lan signa pisasakbat mo ed belat na cruz ya sinakbat to sengeged kasalanan tin pinalsa to. Agmo ra bobosolen noag ingen sikaray pikasim t apian komon nabirbir daray lingo tan kasalanan da et oniarain panpataolian da,” kuay maoyamon bili ina. Ameneng ya agano si anak, insane inebatan toy inato: “On, ina, agkora bosolen ni irapey linawa, balet agdaak napiluk ed agonkatunongan. Ipatron ko rad Dios a katawan, balet ikanak met so tudio ya inter tod siak a mamakal ed saratan ya kaisipan dan agmatunong. No akowen yon amii panamairap na sakey a maruksa inta walad sikayoy sekder tan pakayarri ya mamaat, maong la inay agyoak inanak t apian nabawasay bilang na aripen ed sayan bansa. Paolian yoak lambengat inan onebat ed papel tan pluma ta sikarra raya so ayurran inter na Dios ed siak a pangiagel kod inkasiak a dili tan say kaparak ya too. Alanang lay kiknaan kod sarayan amin, ina, kanian agki lambengat mapaga ta agko ra paningongotan t apian agda deraley laman tan nunot ko.” “Maong sirin anako no ontay kaisipan mo ta say papagaan ko wari so say kasakitan mo, ta no sikay nasakitan, ompatey kami met lan amin…” kkuay ina kasakbabayay pamilin tod Apo ton Ven. “Ven, agmo sumsumlangey baim ta no sikatoy ompatey la, kaskasi ka ta angapolay pialaan moy sakey a centimes no onorongka, anggapo lay mangoles ed sika no labi, anggapo lay bangonen mo no makasisirit ka, anggapo lay manbangat ed sikay dasal, mangipanunot na pandasal mo t apian lawas kasian kay Dios.” Balibali so impangogto ran sanina tan sanbabai ya singa anggapoy onsabin bigla ya mangerep na arowan tan likeliket da. No panoy biskeg na kirmat tan karol ya mangatot ed sakey a kiew, ontan met so impamakbak na mauges a dagem a kuan ti ngola ed si ina nen apaleenay masudsulok a kapalduay horas ed kaonuran ya inpanbilin to. Sikatoy atumba ed dilin silir to tan say kaonoran a balikas to, “Dios ko, ilaban moak.” Agla akasalita ya anggad inkoyos na bilay to ed komalabintalon agew ya indokol to ed agew na Miercoles fecha 19 ed Enero ed horas n alas 9:45 ed kabuasan. Say kaonoran ton bilin so lawas agamiley anak ton ataynanan to, tan amin ya kimey to ed bilay aya ya laut lad lingkor ed baley tan kaparan too so lawaas ibagat tod mablin ngaran na mapaaro tan malagak ton ina ya nibokor a natawag toy kien ton dili ya nanlapud inkaugaw to. 499 1265 2006-10-18T02:02:04Z Arikasikis 11 say [[Listaan na estoria ed Pangasinan]] enyales paula ed [[Listaan na Antikeg ya Estoria ed Pangasinan]] #REDIRECT [[Listaan na Antikeg ya Estoria ed Pangasinan]] 500 1268 2006-10-18T02:04:08Z Arikasikis 11 '''Vida''' nen ''Maria Magsano'' Say baley na Lingayen napnek na liga tan sayaksak nen kuay agew ya onbalatabat ed sakey ya kabuasan ed bolay Enero, visperas na fiestay baley. Sayan agew ed poloy Filipinas, onung na abangonan ya kagagawa a nanlapud saray inmonan ateng tayo, nayarian tin ipangta so kaabigan tin manangkaili, balet ta ugalin ipasen day arum ya pasirayew labat ed kaparan too ya aliwan peteg ya tanday kabaleg na linawa tan puson mamarawes ed siopa Kaman ya nibalon mifiesta. No say sakey ya ag kadalaan et panduaruaan toyan ugali, paakar yod sakey a fiesta y baley may barrio t apian nanengneng tan naimatonan to so panangkaili rad sikato ya no nayari ngalngali ra seksekey bitoka ya angad kolokolong to. Arum ed saray bibirbiren ya atagey ya aral ya kaagian tayo ipapasen day a sayan ujgali tin nailuaman so sakey ed saray sengeg na kapobrean tan irap ed sayan bansa. Napatua may andi yan kuan a, anganko napalabas ni nilasus ya taon insane naekal yad awaray awir tin kagagawa ed saray inmonan lapuan tiran at-ateng. Diad Libsong, uman asinger ed baley na Lingayen diad utel na kompog day caniogan ya anggapoy paga ran natumba ed anggan anton biskeg na dagem, walan a katalindeg ed silong na bolobolong ya mapanaspas no onsibok so dagem na amiyan ya manlapud dayat na Lingayen so sakey ya abong a baleg, abeba, maalindaway, malinis tan nengneng toy nanpanaon la ed kabayag, tan sikatoy pinagkaariray amin ya abong ed saman ya simpok. Walan manaayam ed mapayapan loob to so sakey a marikit ya limgas to ag makabuek ya singa sakey ya bilay ed saray estorias ya nababasa, no ag diad kasimpitay makaroyroyon kaabigan to. Diad antikey ya salita, saray kakaaro to, Vida so pantatawag dad sikato, ngaran ya pinili laki tod ina ya say talos to so sikato naani “bilay” na pulin sengueg to. Sat dalem tonian abong so kapegleyay walan arlong to. Walay pigaran yorongan ton narra ya singa ra balon naynay ed kapoponosanan dan inagew-agew na lupot ya binasaay petroleo, walay sakey ya baleg a nengnengay horas ya akapeket ed dingding tan diad leksab to so sakey ya piano a nanlapud Alemania. Sikatoyan piano ya andi inkera tan diad dilin abay to so angeselan na ina nen Vida ed panganko toy imparongtal ya aro na sakey a walay betang a sondalo nen Revolucion. Saksakey ya anak nen Capitan Don Lorenzo Solis tan Capitana Dona Josefa Sangalang, saray laki tan bai na bilay na sayan tongtong. Sikatoya so antikey ya awaran tonian abong ya nianakan nen Vida. Ompawil iti natan lamet ed samay fiestay baley. Marakep tan masaya ya tua so impamalabas da, saray sankaili amawil irad kabalbaleyan day a napno ray ambabangil ya natongtong da. Walay sakey ed saraya balet so ag ni pinmawil tan agto labay no nayari so miolup ed saray kakaaro to ed anggan iner ya laen da. Ugaw-ugawen met nin balon-laki, noble tan mabinta so indengan to, ankabli ray ugagep tod bilay tan say sankatagian ya pilalek to so say pakasabi tod maliket tan mareen ya panamaley. Sakey a enginiero tan nianak ed baley na Alaminos, “ciudad ed dapit sagur na Lugar Pangasinan ya kuanen Presidente Quezon nen aminsan ya nakar to yan pasen. Say agew ya pikasakey tod si Vida so namasingger la, tan diad saya, mapanaynay ya onsabid kalakal tan linawa to so kaganoan to la komon nian kanunotan ta pian wala lan makatempey na saray erermen tan gonigoy kabokoran. Sayagew, singa panaon so aliling dad sikato. Sinambaan to so pamaliket tan pi-ando lawas na panangaro to ed si Vida. Samay reloj ed dingding n alas cinco ed ngarem nen natalineng nen Vida so tanol na sapatos ya ombabalitang ed takayan tan sinmalat so toktok ed kapot na wangalan. Ang gapoy onkitakitaw diad pigaran segundos. Kabekta nangel ya sinmoblay so ngayengey napakaskasin voces ya itatareren toy tambayo, “Maria Clara.” Say toktok so tinmobat, tan nankalkalna ya inlokas nen Vida so puerta. Siopa kasi so wadman? Akin kasi et puso toy atalagnaw tan paruk toy ngalngalin pekdaken toy pagew to! Akin kasi ray aping to et binmalanga tan saray amta to so malikeliket, saray bibil toy napnoy agnibalikas ya pakelaw tan gayaga? Siopay ag manisia ya say mangaro tan inaro et sikatoy sankabalgan ya liket diad bilay. Bukot na ambagel anganko so onsungpa pa lagi ed sayan pananisia. Inderew toy lima to nen Vida ed si Mario ya tanday liket tod inpakapannengneng da. Sininkat tan minesmes nen sakey ed sanduan limato, insan to inkalkalnan inasingger ed bibil tora t apian niter to may quan day a pinagkatanday panangaron ipaparok na puso. Ag iran dua akasel ya tampol; say puso ran napnoy liket tan anggapoy lugar na anton salita. Say mata ra balet so nanabet; tan diad inpakapanabet da, say puso ray nantalusan tan akapansalita ed salitan bukor na saray duaran manaarowan so makaamta. Nankalkalna ran amaarap ed abay ton may piano tan say karakpay panaon so sikaran bokbukor so akankien ed sman ya igsa. “Amtak ya onsabi ka,” kuanen Vida ya inmona, “kanian inparaan kon inian yank awes ya inter mod siak nen kaonoran ya inkianak ko. Labay moy inkagawa to?” “Labay ko? Masoluk nen say isip mo, marakerakep tan inangaangay mo, singak nengnengnengen so itchoray talintaom no nasabilay agew ya itoon kod olom so balanget na amputi ran bulaklak ya tanday panlaktip na puso tan kamarerua tan dua t apian saksakey so iparok tan ilinawa ra,” kuanen Mario ya napnoy voces toy tamuy tan kaulimikan, say lupa toy alimbos na liket tan gayagay onpepelnak ya balon bilay, “Anto balet kasi so liknaan mo? Labay ko mett ya kabaten.” Tinmonda ed pansasalita to tan aalagden toy Vida ya onebat, tan nen anggapoy naalagar ton ebat tinampol ton intobat so pansasalita to. “Mapanaynay kon omamengen so panbilay ta naanin dua, tan ay, Vida, ngalngalin agko la nisongdo so pannununot ko. Liliknaen ko ya manbilayak ya andi angga ya mangaro ed sika, sikay inter na Dios ya bilay na bilay ko, panlingkoran ko, amamayoen ko tan kawaloen kod angaay nayarian ko.” Inalis tod arap na mata to ya agano nen leleg ton manaalagar na ebat nen Vida, balet nen pawilen ton lingisen. Nikelawan nen walan anengneng to ta samay mabilay a talintao ya maligliga, bigla nagmaliw ya singa “Madre Dolorosa” ya mata toy asebseban ya tampol na layap ya mandarlang ya gayagad kamareua to. Sininkat to ray lima nen Vida, binenbenan to ran mapeget ed dalem na lima ton dili tan kekerewen ton pikakasi ya sikato komoy perdonaen to no kasalanan to kasi may inpambaga toy petepeteg ya liliknaen to. “Ah, Vida, Vida ya bilay an bilay ko,” inkuan ton nanbalikas lamet, “antoy ginawak ya akasengeg na ontan lan pannangis mo? Oniarin sikatotay bales na abayag lan ogagep ko ya sikay kien kon bokbokor tan mablin kapisag na laman tan kamareruak?” Lalon pinmalaloy pansibsibek nen Vida, tan lapud ag to ra naokpos so lima to ran nipangaw ed saray lima nen inaro ton Mario, agto naponasay lua to ran aamesen day sanduan aping to. Nen agla makanonoy liknaan ton nalalames na mapalalon gonigoy loob to, alopbob ed dilin panytodyodrongan to, say mata to ray kinmopit, pagew toy manbanlayon ya singa binel day daloyon ed makibual ya dayat. Inmalagey si Mario tan say sanduan taklay toy inlakap tod duan takeb nen Vida, pinonasan to ray lua to, tan sinarel to ya anggad inkaimasmasan to, tan inpakalikna to ya s ay oloto et walan inmobong ya singa manok ed paggew nen inaroto. Inangoban ta ray gamet nen Vida ya sinansakey, balet agto nanpakpelan ya sinali a inangobad bibil tora ta anggaman amtato ya say angob ya inalad limot et makapalikliket met no mamnisan, balet ta diad sakey a makalakal tan mabintan bii anggapoy kana to no ag sakey lambengat ya gawan makabos tan mauges ya inanamotan. Bang say ginawato laingen so say maoyamon pangokoyong to dia ed mangasamit iran balikas, tan pikakasi ya sikato la komoy onsalita. Linmimatay Vida tan tampol ya inmikban ed samay duaran taklay ya aliling day mangiaagel ed kaatapan to. Sinakoban toy lupa to na sanduan limato tan nannunnunot ya agano. Pinaulianan nen Mario, tan banbantayan to lambengat ya andi mogmon inbaga to ya anggad impanbalikas nen Vida na pigaran apoltot ya salita ed pangekerew toy pangitepel nen Mario ed sikato ed walan apatnag toran kakapoyan to. Kayari ton nansalita, iniorong to, inosdong toray matato, tan alay pakaskasi tan makatenieg na liknaan ya awawey to. Nen kapanemet toy panolito ton naplag ed tabla, si Mario pinmawil ed yorongan to tan tinepettan toy onia, “Vida, por Dios, antoy sinmabid sika ya akin et siak so inpanimaton mo nian gonigon ya agko natalusan, tan siak so inpagmaliw ton sankaermenan ya too natan? Ipangasim komon ya isalaysay ed siak no wala bilang so akasengeg ya mamilit ed sika ed pagbabawim na sipasipan morad siak. Ag oniarin isiblet mod siak yan kasangpotan ya kerew ko.” Agton siansia ni makasel nen Vida tan ngalngalni agto inengneng iray mata to ed si Mario ya inaro to. Siopay makapangibaga ya diad maligligaan inpakapannengneng da, impakagamgam day pirawat dan makapantuyaw tan diad liket dan agnasabsabaan ed magano lan pakarapat day gegemtan dan magmaliw ya saksakey ira ed puso tan kamarerua, et onmay asabiran kipapasen? Agay lan tuay inkalamang na panaon! Tan makapasigsinagem ya karuksaan to no maminsan! Bulaklak na gayaga, no sikay nitaktakatak ed pasen ya dalanen, itan met lan ontombok ya ontobo so sabit na ermen ya manorok na kasalian ni no kuan mi lan ompawil. Balet kaaron bomabasa, agmo lilingwanan net balet ta diad kayari siplog na baleg ya dagen, ontombok so mareereen ya panaon, tan diad beneg na makapal ya lurem wadmay managaag ya agew. Ngalngalin agla nisongdo nen Mario so onman ya kipapasen dan dua. Sinmabid sikato so panayakop ton lakapen iman ya magapil tan napnoy ermen ya talintao, tan yangob tod lupan names na lua tan maimpis iran bibil to, balet ta tampol met ya anonotan to ya sarayan gawa marapit malaverden kabibilaay; tan diad awaray peteg ya ugali Filipino, agmakana tan sungpan tuloy ed ugali mabintan awey tan pitotoo. Diad karaklan, say angoban ya nagawad saray duaran maarowan ya agni kinasal so sakey ay binayes ya ugali lambengat ed saray bansa ed biek taew. Si Mario tipoy lakin mareen, malabid kagagawan abangonay daiset, aliwan maagap ya linawa ya singa saray arum ya lalaki. Ag maliket ed saray kagagalaw tan kakikiwi ray bibiid arum ya nacion, mapeget so panangaro to ed abangonan iran ugali dilin kabansaan to. Diad bii labay to lawas so yanon panangawes, pitotoo, kagagallaw tan kakaawey, kagula to ray konkonwaarin [KULANG PA ITO] Singa atenieg iray likknaan nen Mario, balet ta lapud pilit ton makapikabat na satan a toon inaro nen Vida, indeen ton tampol tan ag inmesel. “Amin pigapiga ya ginapoan kon ibagad sika so apalabas lan inpanbilay ko, balet ta baaten moak met lan baaten, tan inkuan mo ya say apalabas so apalabas la tan anggapoy biang dad natan tan arapen ya bilay, ta aliling day ikonfesar ed sika so agawadsiak antes ya idago moak ed altar ya kapisag na pusom tan kamareruam ya anggad angga.” Lapud say isip nen Mario so anggapo ni akaonan angiteran toy puso to no agto book, singa sinmabi duarua to. Singa to nengnengnengen natan ya si inaro to so walalan akaimeng nen saman ed taklay na sakey a laki, tan sa may bibil ya agto atrivien ya diwiten so inangoban lan aminpigapiga na bibil na sakey a manangaro. Say mansasbon pirawat ed sikato ya tekmelan to komon itan ya laki, saray lima to inelet to ran inpanmesmesan. Kabekta apapa toy petang na liknaan ton dili tan inkuan ton nantepet ed Vida, “Siopa tan ya laki so inarom nen saman? Ipangasim pan isalaysay ed siak ya amin so nipaakar ed sikato.” “Anak na toon kabkabosol nen amak. A kapanabet kami ya amin pinsan ed sakey a baile tan sikato met lamay kasangpotan. No panoy inpakapanarowan min tamtampol so anggapoy mikabat ni say siak ya dili. Naplag so onman lan inpangaro tod siak ed samay pasen ya akanengnengean tod siak tan ontan komet. Nanlapud saman ya impakapanabet tan impa-kapannengnengan mi bokor na maamoamot ya sulatan mi so pakapankakabatan mi ya anggad impakasingkat nen amak na sakey a sulat ko ed sakey ya agew tan sikato met lamay impangiakar ton tampol ed siak ed sakey a colegio ray bibii ed Ibali tan niarawiak ed amin yua kabkabat ko. Nen si Pepe, sikatoyay ngaran to, akabatan toy asungpalan ko, nila ton agto nanangananganan si amak tan pasooten ton mapilit ya amtaen ed sikato so akasengeg. Apatey lawari nen amak ed gaway petang na oolu to noag asambot a asinkat na sakey ya manaayam ed sikami may sablin isigbat to lawari ed sikato. Andi talaw tan takut, agto inmalis ed arap nen amak ya anggad agto ya nibalikas iran salita, ‘Masiken ka la natan balet agmo niburi ya enn wala ka met ed kaugawan ya singa say siak, apalabas mo met yan liknaan ya singa say liknaan ko met natan. No kabosol moy amak nen saman tan natan, akin et lanoren mon manliknay irap so anak mo tan anak ton man ya kabosol mo? Lakiak tan say mundo maawang lawas ya panakarakaran ko ya pangitaligaygay irap tan sakit na sugat ya intilak mod pusok. Isambak ya say anak mo anggapoy pandeen na kalakal to ya anggad makaromog na lakin mangawit ed sikatod altar tan kienen ton kapisag na puso, laman tan kamarerua to.’ Ag akasel si amak tan ag akagalaw ya abayag a singa pinekpek na ambelat ya kiew. Nila toak ya tampol nen amak ed kawalaan ko tan siak so binilin ton maong tan tinempey toy agolon liknaan tan kalakal ko. Insipan ton iter ed siak ya ami labay tan nakaokulan ko dapot ilingwan koy Pepe. Impasambaan to met ed siak ya anggan sikami ya duan bokor nen Pepe so natilak ya manaltalindeg ed mundo, so agkon balut onaboloy ya miasawad sikato. Ugawak nin tultuloy ta mikalkalabinlimak, tan lapud niiluamak ed kabibilay ya walad inumay tan pankanawnawa, mainumay towak ya apaonor ed sayan kerew to. Nanlapud saman singa agko amtay petepeteg ya kareenan ya anggaman inatey si Pepe ed estrangero nen apalabas so pigaray taon, ya anggad agko pakapangibagad sikan amin nian aparalan kod bilay, ta inememan koyad dalem na pusok ya maomaong ya anggaman sika lay inarok.” “Akin ey, Vida?” kuay Mario’n nantepet. “Lapud diad pikakabat kon peteg ed kabaleg na panangarom ed siak, singak likliknaen ya agak onnepeg ed satan ya arom ta lapud asalik so angaro lan aminsan nen agak ni akasabid wangalay pusom.” Sinaltan toy daiset so yorung to, inkuan to lamet ya nanolit, “Mario, iter kod sikan dildili so pankanawnawa ya gawaen mo so labay mon kasungpalan ko natan ta nibagak lad sika so maamoamot ya secretok ya inatol kon masimoon ed pagew ko ya pigapigay taon. No walad nunot mo so pangikaindan mod siak tan pangisalat mo lad siak ed arum ya bin onnepeg ya maong ed sika nen say siak, walad sika tan ya pankanawnawa tan ekalen mo lay nilawan mon linawa ya siak wari apilim ya katangbayan mod bilay aya. Say arom ya niter tan nitilak mo lad siak ya napnoy katooran, lingkor tan katuaan so sikato lay pinagka ligliwak ed kabokoran no naandi kalan ligliwak ed bilay ko.” Si Mario tampol ya alimbos na liknaan ya agto nabenbenan. Alingwana to lay dilin inkasikato tan say dilin kasimpitay awey tan pitotoo to, inmalagey tan pinonggos toy Vida na dili rran taklay to, inangoban tod bibil ya ago to la nananganganan tan sikato met so onaonan inpakagawato, tan inolitolit ton inbagad sikato so saray priawat ton abayag lan panaon ya ipaamta ed sikato. “Vida, inaro takad amiamin day bii diad mundo ya anggan antoy Agawam o agawad sika. Sikay kien ko ya arowen, amamayoween, panlingkoran tan kayamanan ko natan, naani tan andi angga.” Kuan nen Mario. Nen asabin apalabas so taloran samba, Vida tan si Mario nankasal irad simbaan ya walaran akaimatoy kakaaro kakanayon tan kagkabat na familia ran dua. Samay abong ya nianakan nen Vida nagmaliwan toy nanaabetan day amin ya bibirbiren ya buleg na Lingayen tan Alaminos tan kangaranan dan ami insulat ed Society page na Tribune. Kayari bansal, samay “confesion” nen Vida so aminpinsan ya alingwanan dan dua, tan say walad nunod a lambengat so say inpakagamor day pirawrawat dan nasabi ya andi arum no agsa lanti panbilay dad kareenan tan gayaga. 501 1273 2006-10-18T02:08:54Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Aseleng na Inawa]] * [[Pinawil to ray Boleg to]] 502 1272 2006-10-18T02:08:12Z Arikasikis 11 '''ASELENG NA INAWA''' nen ''Eufemia Villamil'' Asabi so wedding anniversary di sanasawan Bernardo tan si Melba ed inpakarapat day samploy taon ya maong dan olupan. Diad bayag dalan sanasawa ya manaamong, anggapoy bengatlan siblangan da no ag ingen manaari lawas so kaliketan ed loub na maawang dan ayaman. Si Bernardo ya abangonan to’d bilay to so maong ya arowan tan maong a pantalusan, nanengneng so ontan lan panamabli to ed kapisag na puso to tan ontan met ed saray anemiran anak da. Diad saman a mablin agew walaran dinmagup so atatagey ya oked na totoo laut lad saray maaro tan malugor ton ateng nen Bernardo tan ontan met na saray agi tan kakanayon to. “Mabuhay! Long Live!” So maliket ya nibelyaw day totoo ed saray sanasawa. “Salamat ed sikayon amin!” So nikuan day sanasawa ed saray sankaili ya aki-ambegya. Alimbos iray liket so totoo ed saman a labi. ANdi lay ginawa ra say nansayaw, nanpalek, naniinuman na alak tan angan. Baleg ya tanol so agawa ed dalem tan paway na marakep dan ayaman. Diad paway na kosina balet, nanengneng so ag manondan kimey tan oras na ikakana ran baso, plato, kutsara, tenedor tan arom nira. Si Bernardo ya maimano lawas ed saray totoo, adatngan ton anengneng so sanina ya dingan met lay yakar dala. Saraya nengneng day nababaingan tan atawag so imano nen Bernardo lapud nalikas ton singa mamapasnok si asawa to ed saraya. “Akin, Melba? Siopa raman? Angan lara?” So nantotombukan ton tepet. “Saraman so totoon ayaman day abong. Labay day onloub ya igaganggan. Mamapasnokak ta onlaradia amta maringdingot ira. Inablog kora laingen!” Ebat nen Melba. Lapud niduman ingal so nangel ed kawalaan day sankaili, kanian atawag so imano ray sanasawa. Tampol dinmago ra ed simpok day sankaili ya atiptipon. Labi lan maong nen nasungpal so saman ya ayayam. Saray totoo kinalkalnaan da met lay nanpatanir ed satay sanasawa. Ag nibalikas so kaliketan ya alikna na baling sakey ed saray dinmagup. Saray sanasawa, saray anak da tan saray igaganggan dara baleg met met so inkabanalan da. Asakbay iran nalaan na inpakaugip. Andi kita-kitaw ed abong kayari na inpanliliket da. “Sakay kan bin andi sibeg! Agko inilaluan ya ontan so ugalim! Kaonungan mo lan mangipanengneng itan a walna ed sika?” So nikuan nen Bernardo ed asawa to. “Akin et ontan so ibagam! Iner so nanggawaan koy makapoy ed sika?” Masebesebeg ya inebat nen bii. “Anggapoy makapoy ya ginawam! No amtak labat ya ontan so ugalim, dakel ni bin agko ni anengneng,” masiadoy pasnok nen Bernardo. “Ibagam ed siak no antoy kinolangan ko ya asawa. Niinter ko met so kanepegan kon sakey ya asawa tan sakey ya ina. Kaonugan mon mangibaga tan ed siak!” So nangisan ya ebat nen Melba. “Taboy kadia! Taboy kadia! Agko labay a nanengneng so lupam! Diad bayag talan manaamong, anggapoy nibagam ed panangarok ed sika, balet diad anengneng kon kalamngan mo ed dilin ateng mo, sikato tan so ugalim agko nitepel!” Mabakat ya paliwawa nen asawan laki. “Sikatotan so pamatabuyan mo ed siak ya asawam! Agak met nanlamang ed sika! Antoy pibibiang mo no malamangak ed ateng ko! Sikatotan so agmo nepeg ya louban!” Paliwawa nen Melba. “So kuanmo, Melba. Balet diad siak a mantalus ditan mapatnag so petepeteg ya inkatoom. No nayarian mon lamangen so ateng mon dili ya akautangan moy nagnap mon bilay, siopa ak nin agmo lamangen!” So maingal ya nibaga nen Bernardo. Lapud mapalaloy nangis nen Melba, kanian agto agawaan lay onebat ed si asawa ton singa oolamen so laman to ed kabaleg na pasnok to. “Taboy kadia! Taboy kadia ed sayan ayaman! Agko naako so ginawam ya kalamangan. Agak ni akanengneng na sankaugsan a too, no agmo bukod! Malamang! Malamang! Taboy kadia! Taboy ka!” So maingal ya baga nen asawan laki. Lapud manponiti tan maingal si Bernardo kanian narengel met si Melba ya maingal. “Daddy! Daddy! Akin? Antoy kokogipen yo? Akin et maingal kayo?” Si Bernardo ya naksawan ed gaway pasnok to, sansansakey so balikas to. “Salamat! Salamat! Kugip ko labat manaya. Salamat!” Diad biek tonian agawa, si Melba alikna to so niduman liknaan nen asawa to. Nanlapu lad saman, naaralan ton arowen si inato, tan lapud wala man a kinugip nen Bernardo kanian anonutan tomay akulaw ya anengneng ton nanpasnukan nen asawa to. Intepel ton inbaga ed si asawa to ya sman ya akulaw, et dilin ina to fan lapud duka ed kipapasen, inbaing to ya inkabat ed si asawa to. Anggaman mairap tan duka si katulangan nen Bernardo, siansian inpanengneng toy luor tan panangaro to ed si akulaw a dilin ateng na kapisag na puso to. 503 1274 2006-10-18T02:09:32Z Arikasikis 11 '''INAWIL TORAY BOLEG TO''' nen ''Eufemia Villamil'' Lapud ag inilaluan ya isabi nen bakal diad dalin tayo, nanbabangil so agawgawa ed bilay lautlad inkiwaklit na saray mabli ed puso tayo lapud inkasakupan da ed a rawin pasen. Ontan la kalamor so gonigon na pagew nen malimgas ya asawa nen Genaro nen agto la agawaan so pinmawil ed diking day boleg to. Asaraan ya amin so ganaganay paaralan knian akatonda ed anapan to si Aurora ed pasen ton maestra. Lalon taluna so gonigon to lapud agto amta no iner so pangalaan toy legpet tod bilay tan saray anak ton talora. “Dya la ed kindi laki tan bai yoy laen tayon panayaman, anako,” so nikuan nen maaron ina ed saray talora. “Labay kod man, nanay! Dakel so niog diman! Abonton so lakamas! Sawaan so pisi-pising, lomboy tan kamantilis!” masiglat ya nibaga ray duaran yogtan ya anak to. “Dali sirin Nanay, diman itila ed kindi laki tan bai so panayanan tayo,” masiglat ya nibaga ray duaran yogtan ya anak to. “Dali sirin Nanay, diman itila ed kindi laki tan bai so panayanan tayo,” masiglat ya nibaga ray duaran yogtan ya anak to. Diad seet, kuli tan anos nen Aurora agawaan toy nanbilay a kabokbokuran ya andi si asawa ton katulong to. Nanbabuy tan nanmanuk iran saniina. Lapud walara ed otel na makapal a kaniogan di katulangan to, kanian mabetbet met so panlarak da na ilako ra, ta ontan lay bili na larak ed saraman a panaon. Sakey a lahbi nitepet nen Mario. “Nanay, kapigan balet so isengpet nen tatay ko ey?” “Agka mapaga anak, ta no nasungpal so bakal, onpawil dya lay tatay yo,” inpailalo nen ina. “Agaylan likeliket tayo ed satan! Anto, nanay?” maliket a nikuan day ogugaw. “Ogip kayo la sirin anako, pian masakbay kayon onbangon. Dakel so kimey tayo nabuas. Manulor itayo na niog,” nipasakbay nen ina ed saray anak to. Sanlegan na bakal ontan met lay kairapan ya nilikna nen Aurora lautla nen ag tola akab-kabatan so walan kipapasen nen asawa to lapud anggapo sa coreo, palapagan radio odinu anton bengatlan pakalaan na balita. Say agew, bulan tan taon dinmalan ya ag namantaan tan diad utel day kairapan tan kaermenan nen Aurora naanosan toray anak ton apan-aral. Ilalo lahwas so agnaoman ya diad agew iran onsabi walan siansia so pakanunot nen asawa ton onpawil ed sikara. “Nanay,” kuanday anak to, “akin kasi et agto balesen nen tatay mi so saray sulsulat me ed sikara? Talagan indaindan da itayo lan sigpot.” “Nayari met lagi, balet agak manisia ya agto met mailiw ed sikatayo,” ebat nen nanay da. “Nen sinulat tayoy tatay ko, nen naplag si agik pinakabatan tayo ra met. Agay lay awet na puso ran ag mansulat ed sikatayo!” maermen ya abisuat na anak ton bii. “Ag nayari ya makalinguan si tatay yo ed sikatayo. Anggapo met so kinulangan ko bilang ya nepeg ton barungan ed siak, andi bali, anak, manilalo kayo lawas ed Dios a katawan ta walan siansia so ipawil to ed sikatayo. Ag lara akasel so anak tan diad maong dan panangaro ed si nanay da, sikato so makapangiter na ilalo to ed bilay. Lapud asakbay iran nandem di Aurora tan saray kaiba to ed abong ed sman a lahbi, kanian walalaran mareereen ed loub na abong. Ag abayag walay nangel a bocis ya saya et abirbir nen Aurora. Amaarap a tampol ed pinto tan nilukasan toy katulangan ton laki tan mankelaw. Angigalang tan nanopapet. “Akin, ana, et akakar kayo dya ed srayan igsa? Antoy agawa? Antoy pegdat yo?” so manoosilan a tepet nen Aurora. “Walay pakelaw ed sika, anako, Pisalamatan koy baleg no mangiter na kaliketan mod bilay,” inpangigapo nen katulangan to. “Antoy labay yon ibaga, ama? Anto tan a pakelaw so kuanyo?” kuanen Aurora. “Sinmabi asawam, anako,” so ag napokpukan ya inbalita nen masiken. “Sinmabi Genaro! Iner so kawalaan to ey? Panliketan kon peteg ama so inpawil tod diking min boleg to Say ilalik ag balut naapa! Say Dios lawas agto ka paulian no agmo met ikaindan,” tan dingay inpanpales ton akila ed si katulangan to ya minengneng ed si asawa ton agto anengneng ya pigay taon. 504 1320 2006-10-18T09:03:20Z 130.54.12.243 * [[Panyo]] * [[Kurok, Kurok, Manok]] * [[Buwabo, Katatbo]] * [[Kem, Kem, Kemakem]] * [[Sakey, Duwa]] * [[Manok kon Pugo]] * [[Bakak ya Kapon]] 505 1329 2006-10-19T13:32:31Z 202.71.92.74 '''Panyo''' <br> ''sakey ya lullaby'' I Say akes nen (ngaran na sanggol), <br> punasan tayo na panyo. Say pinanpunas ya panyo <br> italem tayo, italem tayo Say intalem ya panyo<br> igelgel tayo, igelgel tayo Say ingelgel ya panyo<br> pespesen tayo, pespesen tayo Say pinespes ya panyo<br> ibalaybay tayo, ibalaybay tayo Say imbalaybay ya panyo<br> pamagaen tayo, pamagaen tayo II Say impamaga ya panyo<br> ipunas tayo ed akes nen (ngaran na sanggol) Say pinanpunas ya panyo<br> italem tayo, italem tayo Say intalem ya panyo<br> igelgel tayo, igelgel tayo Say ingelgel ya panyo<br> pespesen tayo, pespesen tayo Say pinespes ya panyo<br> ibalaybay tayo, ibalaybay tayo Say imbalaybay ya panyo<br> pamagaen tayo, pamagaen tayo ''ulitin so II'' 506 1289 2006-10-18T08:32:54Z 130.54.12.244 Kurok, kurok, manok <br> Masakbay ka pan ompokok <br> Ta talaranan yay libot <br> Libot ya sipok-sipok <br> Nakandilay tanos <br> Nanta kokoy galos 507 1290 2006-10-18T08:34:03Z 130.54.12.244 Buabo, katatbo <br> Napelag so anak mi <br> Manbayar ka sanlibo 508 1293 2006-10-18T08:36:27Z 130.54.12.244 ''para sanggol ya bii'' Kem, kem, kemakem <br> Say agik masansanting <br> Kaparpara na Birhen <br> <br> <br> ''para sanggol ya laki'' Kem, kem, kemakem <br> Say agik mareereen <br> Pa pakaney kanen <br> 509 1294 2006-10-18T08:37:16Z 130.54.12.244 Sakey, dua, bibingka <br> Talo, apat, patopat <br> Lima, anem, intemtem <br> Pito, walo , ampetang-petang ya puto 510 1296 2006-10-18T08:38:24Z 130.54.12.244 Walay manok kon pugo <br> Sasaliwen da lay walo <br> Agko iter na walo <br> Ta maong ya manluto. <br> Walay manok kon sikling <br> Sasaliwen da lay binting <br> Agko iter na binting <br> Ta maong ya manpising 511 1300 2006-10-18T08:40:53Z 130.54.12.244 512 1357 2006-10-25T10:11:14Z 130.54.12.244 '''P-arrange pa ya alphabetically''' * [[Malinak lay Labi]] * [[Maminsad Sanagew]] * [[Pawilen Taka]] * [[Saray Luluak]] * [[Matalag ya Agew]] * [[No onya lan onya]] * [[Bituen Tan Dua]] * [[Pawil Kala]] * [[Puson Nankasalanan]] * [[Mairap So Mangaro]] * [[Bituen Ko]] * [[Inan Maaro]] * [[Liwaway Bulan]] * [[Nalingwan]] * [[Puson Maermen]] * [[Matila yan Nunot]] * [[Nilamang Mo'y Arok]] * [[Pagbabawi]] * [[Lapud Sika]] * [[Napapagaan]] * [[Diad Kasal Ko]] * [[Samar kani Agi]] * [[Pinagpabli Taka]] * [[Siknol na Aro]] * [[Adios]] * [[Awaten Koy Mabilay a Dios]] * [[Deyeng Day Rosrosas]] * [[Galin Amin]] * [[Hesus Ya Dios Tan Ari Mi]] * [[Imanom Pa Rosing]] * [[Inter Na Dios]] * [[Jesus a Dios tan Ari mi]] * [[Jesus Pirdonaen Mo ak]] * [[Lauril Mo]] * [[Maaron Jesus]] * [[Makapanangnangis]] * [[Misalamat]] * [[O Arin Manamalsa]] * [[O Maria O Ligliwa]] * [[Onan Panpilalek]] * [[Ondakmomo itayo]] * [[Palar Kon Makorit]] * [[Panpikasi]] * [[Pugnel Ya Nangetelan]] * [[Rosing ya Tambayo'y Ermen]] * [[Say Piasaoa]] 513 1304 2006-10-18T08:42:57Z 130.54.12.244 * [[Galiken]] odino [[Galiken|Alegando]] 514 1306 2006-10-18T08:43:47Z 130.54.12.244 * [[Oh, Pilipinas dalin min kagal-galang]] - National Anthem na [[Filipinas]], bersiyon na [[Pangasinan]] 515 1322 2006-10-18T09:04:19Z 130.54.12.243 * [[Rosing]] * [[Cancion na Kuya nen Rosing]] * [[Kasal nen Rosing]] 516 1309 2006-10-18T08:52:20Z 130.54.12.243 Siopa may walad tagey na torre? <br> Si Rosing na amputi-puti <br> Siopa may labay na manserserbi <br> Si Berting ya maong na laki 517 1310 2006-10-18T08:53:15Z 130.54.12.243 Akar ak lan akar <br> Ed arawi lan dalan <br> Katanga tangay ko et <br> Abong ya sinalming <br> Balitok so takayan <br> Samporadoy dingding <br> Bangon ka pa agi, Rosing <br> Ta wadia ak lan pinabli 518 1313 2006-10-18T08:56:00Z 130.54.12.243 Maminsad sanagew ya agtaka nanengneng <br> Sakiten toy olok lupoken toy pokel <br> Ganaganay kanen ko mansisimentod pagew <br> Inumen kon danum manbuknol ed beklew <br> No wala ni panangasim sambot mon subegan <br> Ganaganay remedyo walad saduan limam 519 1315 2006-10-18T08:57:50Z 130.54.12.243 No onya lan onya <br> Mabetbet ya inuman koy lua <br> Ta pagew ngalngalin ombetag <br> Ed irap iran mansasabid siak <br> Masamit ko nin kaney <br> Samal ya mangekal na bilay <br> Nan say manbilay ak <br> Ed sankabalgan na irap 520 1317 2006-10-18T08:59:17Z 130.54.12.243 Matila yan nunot <br> Isip ya magamgam <br> Agka napampian <br> Iner a la ra may <br> Samit day salitam <br> Angaro kay duara <br> Saksakey ka ya laman 521 1319 2006-10-18T09:00:55Z 130.54.12.243 Nen karomay ngarem <br> Apalabas ta ka <br> Ibam si inarom <br> Paypayongan to ka <br> Samar kini Agi <br> Kuan kon nansalita <br> Intuwek moy lupam <br> Tan agmo la intangwa 522 1321 2006-10-18T09:03:51Z 130.54.12.243 Walay bakak ya kapon <br> Ambalanga tan malokon <br> Batik lan batik <br> Nakar toy San Isidro <br> “Erel yo, erel yo” kuanen pare <br> “Andi, andi” kuanen tiniente <br> Imakalar toy batik <br> Obet toy manpaparitpit 523 1323 2006-10-18T09:05:01Z 130.54.12.243 Ay, Rosing apiger mo <br> Ta mankasal ka la no Sabado <br> Abeten kay musiko <br> Musikon manlapud Baguio 524 1331 2006-10-24T06:43:45Z 130.54.12.243 {{langWithName|pt|Portuguese|''{{{1}}}''}}<noinclude> [[Category:Multilingual support templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[fi:Malline:K-pt]] </noinclude> 525 1332 2006-10-24T06:45:23Z 130.54.12.243 <span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude> [[Category:MSIE font fix templates |IPA]] [[de:Vorlage:IPA]] [[fr:Modèle:Prononciation API]] [[it:Template:IPA]] [[nl:Template:IPA]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:IPA]] </noinclude> 526 1333 2006-10-24T06:48:06Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} [[Image:Atlantic_Ocean.png|right|Atlantic Ocean]] The '''Atlantic Ocean''' is the second-largest [[ocean]], covering approximately one-fifth of the [[Earth]]'s surface. The ocean's name, derived from [[Greek mythology]], means the "[[Sea]] of [[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]]." The oldest known mention of this [[name]] is contained in ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|The Histories]]'' of [[Herodotus]] around 450 BC (I 202). This ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending in a north-south direction and is divided into the North Atlantic and South Atlantic by [[Equatorial Counter Current]]s at about 8° North [[latitude]]. Bounded by the [[Americas]] on the west and [[Europe]] and [[Africa]] on the east, the Atlantic is linked to the [[Pacific Ocean]] by the [[Arctic Ocean]] on the north and the [[Drake Passage]] on the south. A man-made connection between the Atlantic and Pacific is provided by the [[Panama Canal]]. On the east, the dividing line between the Atlantic and the [[Indian Ocean]] is the 20° East meridian, running south from [[Cape Agulhas]] to [[Antarctica]]. The Atlantic is separated from the Arctic by a line from [[Greenland]] to northwestern [[Iceland]] and then from northeastern Iceland to the southernmost tip of [[Spitsbergen]] and then to [[North Cape, Norway|North Cape]] in northern [[Norway]].<ref>[http://ioc.unesco.org/oceanteacher/OceanTeacher2/01_GlobOcToday/03_GeopolOc/s23_1953.pdf ''Limits of Oceans and Seas'']. International Hydrographic Organization Special Publication No. 23, 1953.</ref> Covering approximately 20% of Earth's surface, the Atlantic Ocean is second only to the Pacific in size. With its adjacent seas it occupies an area of about [[1 E14 m²|106,400,000]]&nbsp;[[square kilometre]]s (41,100,000&nbsp;[[square mile|sq mi]]); without them, it has an area of [[1 E13 m²|82,400,000 square kilometres]] (31,800,000&nbsp;sq mi). The land area that drains into the Atlantic is four times that of either the Pacific or Indian oceans. The volume of the Atlantic Ocean with its adjacent seas is [[1 E15 m³|354,700,000]]&nbsp;[[cubic kilometre]]s (85,100,000&nbsp;[[cubic mile|cu mi]]) and without them 323,600,000&nbsp;cubic kilometres (77,640,000&nbsp;cu mi). The average depths of the Atlantic, with its adjacent seas, is 3,338 [[metre]]s (10,932 [[foot (unit of length)|ft]]); without them it is 3,926 metres (12,881 ft). The greatest depth, 8,605 metres (28,232 ft), is in the [[Puerto Rico Trench]]. The width of the Atlantic varies from [[1 E6 m|2,848]] [[kilometre]]s (1,770 mi) between [[Brazil]] and [[Liberia]] to about [[1 E6 m|4,830 kilometres]] (3,000 mi) between the [[United States]] and northern Africa. ==Ocean bottom== The principal feature of the bottom [[topography]] of the Atlantic Ocean is a submarine mountain range called the [[Mid-Atlantic Ridge]]. It extends from Iceland in the north to approximately 58° South latitude, reaching a maximum width of about 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi). A great [[rift valley]] also extends along the ridge over most of its length. The depth of water over the ridge is less than 2,700 m (8,900 ft) in most places, and several mountain peaks rise above the water and form islands. The South Atlantic Ocean has an additional submarine ridge, the [[Walvis Ridge]]. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge separates the Atlantic Ocean into two large [[trough (geology)|troughs]] with depths averaging between 3,700 and 5,500 metres (12,000 and 18,000 ft). Transverse ridges running between the continents and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge divide the ocean floor into numerous basins. Some of the larger basins are the Guiana, North American, Cape Verde, and Canaries basins in the North Atlantic. The largest South Atlantic basins are the Angola, Cape, Argentina, and Brazil basins. The deep ocean floor is thought to be fairly flat, although numerous [[seamount]]s and some [[guyot]]s exist. Several deeps or trenches are also found on the ocean floor. The Puerto Rico Trench, in the North Atlantic, is the deepest. The [[Laurentian Abyss]] is found off the eastern coast of [[Canada]]. In the South Atlantic, the [[South Sandwich Trench]] reaches a depth of 8,428 metres (27,651 ft). A third major trench, the [[Romanche Trench]], is located near the [[equator]] and reaches a depth of about 7,454 metres (24,455 ft). The shelves along the margins of the continents constitute about 11% of the bottom topography. Several deep channels cut across the continental rise. Ocean [[sediment]]s are composed of terrigenous, pelagic, and authigenic material. Terrigenous deposits consist of sand, mud, and rock particles formed by erosion, weathering, and volcanic activity on land and then washed to sea. These materials are found mostly on the [[continental shelf|continental shelves]] and are thickest off the mouths of large rivers or off desert coasts. Pelagic deposits, which contain the remains of organisms that sink to the ocean floor, include red clays and [[Globigerinida|Globigerina]], [[pteropod]], and siliceous oozes. Covering most of the ocean floor and ranging in thickness from 60 to 3,300 metres (200 to 11,000 ft), they are thickest in the convergence belts and in the zones of upwelling. Authigenic deposits consist of such materials as [[manganese nodule]]s. They occur where [[sediment]]ation proceeds slowly or where currents sort the deposits. ==Water characteristics== <!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Capespearnew.jpg|250px|thumb|right|The Atlantic Ocean at [[Cape Spear]], Newfoundland]] --> [[Image:Ireland-AtlanticOceanwithAranIsland.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Atlantic Ocean as seen from the west coast of [[Ireland]] on a fair day.]] On average, the Atlantic is the saltiest of the world's major oceans; the [[salinity]] of the surface waters in the open ocean ranges from 33 to 37 parts per thousand by mass and varies with latitude and season. Surface salinity values are influenced by evaporation, precipitation, river inflow, and melting of [[sea ice]]. Although the minimum salinity values are found just north of the equator (because of heavy tropical rainfall), in general the lowest values are in the high latitudes and along coasts where large rivers flow into the ocean. Maximum salinity values occur at about 25° north and south of the equator, in [[subtropical]] regions with low rainfall and high evaporation. Surface water temperatures, which vary with latitude, current systems, and season and reflect the latitudinal distribution of solar energy, range from less than −2&nbsp;°[[Celsius]] to 29&nbsp;°C (28&nbsp;°[[Fahrenheit|F]] to 84&nbsp;°F). <!-- less than 2 is not −2, but assuming less than -2 intended, degree signs butt to letter with space from number --> Maximum temperatures occur north of the equator, and minimum values are found in the polar regions. In the middle latitudes, the area of maximum temperature variations, values may vary by 7&nbsp;°C to 8&nbsp;°C (44°F to 46°F). The Atlantic Ocean consists of four major water masses. The North and South Atlantic central waters constitute the surface waters. The sub-Antarctic intermediate water extends to depths of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). The North Atlantic deep water reaches depths of as much as 4,000 metres (13,200 ft). The Antarctic bottom water occupies ocean basins at depths greater than 4,000 metres (13,200 ft). Within the North Atlantic, ocean currents isolate a large elongated body of water known as the [[Sargasso Sea]], in which the salinity is noticeably higher than average. The Sargasso Sea contains large amounts of [[seaweed]] and is also the spawning ground for the [[European eel]]. Because of the [[Coriolis effect]], water in the North Atlantic circulates in a clockwise direction, whereas water circulation in the South Atlantic is counter-clockwise. The south [[tide]]s in the Atlantic Ocean are semi-[[diel|diurnal]]; that is, two high tides occur during each 24 lunar hours. The tides are a general wave that moves from south to north. In latitudes above 40° North some east-west oscillation occurs. ==Climate== [[Image:Atlantic hurricane graphic.gif|frame|right|Waves in the trade winds in the Atlantic Ocean—areas of converging winds that move along the same track as the prevailing wind—create instabilities in the atmosphere that may lead to the formation of hurricanes.]] The climate of the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent land areas is influenced by the temperatures of the surface waters and water currents as well as the winds blowing across the waters. Because of the ocean's great capacity for retaining heat, maritime climates are moderate and free of extreme seasonal variations. [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]] can be approximated from coastal weather data and air temperature from the water temperatures. The oceans are the major source of the atmospheric moisture that is obtained through evaporation. Climatic zones vary with latitude; the warmest climatic zones stretch across the Atlantic north of the equator. The coldest zones are in the high latitudes, with the coldest regions corresponding to the areas covered by sea ice. Ocean currents contribute to climatic control by transporting warm and cold waters to other regions. Adjacent land areas are affected by the winds that are cooled or warmed when blowing over these currents. The [[Gulf Stream]], for example, warms the atmosphere of the British Isles and northwestern Europe, and the cold water currents contribute to heavy fog off the coast of northeastern Canada (the [[Grand Banks]] area) and the northwestern coast of Africa. In general, winds tend to transport moisture and warm or cool air over land areas. [[Tropical cyclone|Hurricanes]] develop in the southern part of the North Atlantic Ocean. ==History== The Atlantic Ocean appears to be the second youngest of the world's oceans, after the [[Southern Ocean]]. Evidence indicates that it did not exist prior to 180 million years ago, when the continents that formed from the breakup of the ancestral supercontinent, [[Pangaea]], were being rafted apart by the process of seafloor spreading. The Atlantic has been extensively explored since the earliest settlements were established along its shores. The [[Vikings]], [[Portugal|Portuguese]], and [[Christopher Columbus]] were the most famous among its early explorers. After Columbus, European exploration rapidly accelerated, and many new trade routes were established. As a result, the Atlantic became and remains the major artery between Europe and the Americas (known as [[transatlantic]] trade). Numerous scientific explorations have been undertaken, including those by the German Meteor expedition, [[Columbia University]]'s Lamont Geological Observatory, and the [[United States Navy]] [[Hydrographic office#United States|Hydrographic Office]]. Some important events in relation to the Atlantic: *In 1858, the first [[transatlantic telegraph cable]] was laid by [[Cyrus Field]]. *On [[April 14th 1912]] the [[RMS Titanic]] sank after hitting an iceberg with loss of 1,593 people. *In 1919, the American [[NC-4]] became the first [[fixed-wing aircraft|airplane]] to cross the Atlantic (though it made a couple of landings on islands along the way). *Later in 1919, a British airplane piloted by [[Alcock and Brown]] made the first non-stop transatlantic flight, from Newfoundland to Ireland. *In 1921, the [[United Kingdom|British]] were the first to cross the North Atlantic in an [[airship]]. *In 1922, the Portuguese were the first to cross the South Atlantic in an airship. *The first transatlantic [[telephone]] call was made on [[January 7]], [[1927]]. *In 1927, [[Charles Lindbergh]] made the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight in an airplane (between [[New York City]] and [[Paris]]). *In 1998, [[Ben Lecomte]] was the first person to swim across the Atlantic Ocean, stopping for only one week in the [[Azores]]. *After rowing for 81 days and 4,767 kilometres (2,962 mi), on [[December 3]], [[1999]], [[Tori Murden]] became the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean by [[rowboat]] alone when she reached [[Guadeloupe]] from the [[Canary Islands]]. ==Economy== The ocean has also contributed significantly to the development and economy of the countries around it. Besides its major transatlantic transportation and communication routes, the Atlantic offers abundant [[petroleum]] deposits in the [[sedimentary rock]]s of the continental shelves and the world's richest fishing resources, especially in the waters covering the shelves. The major species of fish caught are [[cod]], [[haddock]], [[hake]], [[herring]], and [[mackerel]]. The most productive areas include the Grand Banks of [[Newfoundland]], the shelf area off [[Nova Scotia]], [[Georges Bank]] off [[Cape Cod]], the Bahama Banks, the waters around Iceland, the [[Irish Sea]], the [[Dogger Bank]] of the [[North Sea]], and the Falkland Banks. [[Eel]], [[lobster]], and [[whale]]s have also been taken in great quantities. All these factors, taken together, tremendously enhance the Atlantic's great commercial value. Because of the threats to the ocean environment presented by oil spills, [[marine debris]], and the incineration of toxic wastes at sea, various international treaties exist to reduce some forms of pollution. <!-- This would be good if it were in an infobox '''Location:''' body of water between Africa, [[Europe]], the [[Southern Ocean]], and the [[Americas]] '''[[Geographic coordinates]]:''' {{coor dm|0|00|N|25|00|W|}} '''Map references:''' [[World]] '''Area:''' * ''total:'' [[1 E13 m²|76.762 million km²]] (29.637 million mi²) * ''note:'' includes the [[Baltic Sea]], [[Black Sea]], [[Caribbean Sea]], [[Davis Strait]], [[Denmark Strait]], part of the [[Drake Passage]], [[Gulf of Mexico]], [[Labrador Sea]], [[Mediterranean Sea]], [[North Sea]], [[Norwegian Sea]], almost all of the [[Scotia Sea]], and other tributary water bodies '''Area - comparative:''' slightly less than 6.5 times the size of the [[United States]] '''Coastline:''' 111&nbsp;866 km (69,510 mi) '''Climate:''' Tropical cyclones ([[hurricane]]s) develop anywhere from off the coast of Africa near [[Cape Verde]] to the [[Windward Islands]] and move westward into the Caribbean Sea or up the east coast of [[North America]]; hurricanes can occur from May to December but are most frequent from late July to early November. Storms are common in the North Atlantic during northern winters, making ocean crossings more difficult and dangerous. --> == Current environmental issues == Endangered marine species include the [[manatee]], seals, [[sea lion]]s, [[turtle]]s, and whales. [[Drift net]] fishing is killing [[dolphin]]s, [[albatross]]es and other seabirds ([[petrel]]s, [[auk]]s), hastening the decline of fish stocks and contributing to international disputes. There is municipal sludge pollution off the eastern [[United States]], southern Brazil, and eastern [[Argentina]]; oil pollution in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, [[Lake Maracaibo]], Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; and industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea. On [[June 7]], [[2006]], Florida's wildlife commission voted to take the manatee off of the state's endangered species list. Some environmentalists worry that this could erode safeguards for the popular sea creature. ==Major ports and harbours== {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} ===North America=== ====United States==== *[[Baltimore, Maryland]] *[[Boston, Massachusetts]] *[[Port Canaveral|Port Canaveral, Florida]] *[[Charleston, South Carolina]] *[[Corpus Christi, Texas]] *[[Port Everglades]] *[[Houston, Texas]] *[[Jacksonville, Florida]] *[[Port of Miami-Dade]] *[[Morehead City, North Carolina]] *[[Nantucket, Massachusetts]] *[[New Haven, Connecticut]] *[[New London, Connecticut]] *[[New Orleans, Louisiana]] *[[New York, New York]] *[[Newport News, Virginia]] *[[Norfolk, Virginia]] *[[Port of Palm Beach]] *[[Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal]][http://www.panynj.gov/commerce/neframe.HTM] *[[Portland, Maine]] *[[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]] *[[Providence, Rhode Island]] *[[Savannah, Georgia]] *[[Tampa, Florida]] *[[Wilmington, North Carolina]] ====Canada==== *[[Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island]] *[[Digby, Nova Scotia]] *[[Halifax Harbour|Halifax Nova Scotia]] *[[Liverpool, Nova Scotia]] *[[Pictou, Nova Scotia]] *[[Hantsport, Nova Scotia]] *[[Saint John, New Brunswick]] *[[Shelburne, Nova Scotia]] *[[Sept-Îles, Quebec]] *[[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador]] *[[Sydney, Nova Scotia]] *[[Yarmouth, Nova Scotia]] ====Other North American locales==== *[[Puerto Cortés]], [[Honduras]] *[[Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles]] {{col-3}} ===Europe=== *[[Aberdeen]], [[United Kingdom]] *[[A Coruña]], [[Spain]] *[[Ålesund]], [[Norway]] *[[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]] *[[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]] *[[Avilés]], Spain *[[Belfast]], [[United Kingdom]] *[[Bergen, Norway]] *[[Bilbao]], Spain *[[Bodø]], Norway *[[Bordeaux]], [[France]] *[[Bremen (city)|Bremen]], [[Germany]] *[[Brest, France]] *[[Bristol]], United Kingdom *[[Cadiz]], Spain *[[Cherbourg-Octeville]], France *[[Cork]], [[Republic of Ireland]] *[[Dublin Port]], Republic of Ireland *[[Dunkirk, France]] *[[Edinburgh]], United Kingdom *[[Esbjerg]], Denmark *[[Funchal]], Portugal *[[Galway]], Republic of Ireland *[[Gijón]], Spain *[[Glasgow]], United Kingdom *[[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]] *[[Hafnarfjörður]], [[Iceland]] *[[Hamburg]], Germany *[[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]], [[Canary Islands]] *[[Le Havre]], France *[[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] *[[Liverpool]], [[United Kingdom]] *[[London]], United Kingdom *[[Milford Haven]], [[United Kingdom]] *[[Nantes]], France *[[Narvik]], Norway *[[Newcastle upon Tyne]], United Kingdom *[[Newport]], United Kingdom *[[Normandy]], France *[[Oslo]], Norway *[[Ostend]], Belgium *[[Penzance]], United Kingdom *[[Peterhead]], United Kingdom *[[Porto]], Portugal *[[Portsmouth]], United Kingdom *[[Reykjavík]], Iceland *[[Rotterdam]], Netherlands *[[Saint-Nazaire]], France *[[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], Canary Islands *[[Santander, Spain]] *[[Seville]], Spain *[[Sines, Portugal]] *[[Southampton]], United Kingdom *[[Stavanger]], Norway *[[Swansea]], United Kingdom *[[Tromsø]], Norway *[[Trondheim]], Norway *[[Tórshavn]], [[Faroe Islands]] *[[Vigo]], Spain {{col-3}} ===South America=== *[[Quequen]][http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quequ%C3%A9n][[Argentina]] *[[Bahia Blanca]], [[Argentina]] *[[Mar del Plata]], [[Argentina]] *[[Cayenne]], [[French Guiana]] *[[Punta Arenas]], [[Chile]] *[[Puerto Williams]], [[Chile]] *[[Georgetown, Guyana]] *[[Iquitos]], [[Peru]] (via the [[Amazon River|Amazon]]) *[[Pucallpa]], Peru (via the Amazon) *[[Yurimaguas]], Peru (via the Amazon) *[[Paramaribo]], [[Suriname]] ===[[Brazil]]=== *[[Belém]], [[Pará]] *[[São Luís]] , [[Maranhão]] *[[Fortaleza]], [[Ceará]] *[[Recife]], [[Pernambuco]] *[[Suape,Pernambuco|Suape]],Pernambuco *[[Maceió]], [[Alagoas]] *[[Aratu]], [[Bahia]] *[[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Bahia *[[Vitória]], [[Espírito Santo]] *[[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Rio de Janeiro]] *[[São Sebastião (São Paulo)|São Sebastião]], [[São Paulo]] *[[Santos (São Paulo)|Santos]], São Paulo *[[Paranaguá]], [[Paraná]] *[[Itajaí]], [[Santa Catarina]] *[[São Francisco do Sul]], Santa Catarina *[[Porto Alegre]], [[Rio Grande do Sul]] *[[Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul|Rio Grande]], Rio Grande do Sul ===Africa=== *[[Abidjan]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]] *[[Accra]], [[Ghana]] *[[Banjul]], [[The Gambia]] *[[Bissau]], [[Guinea-Bissau]] *[[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]] *[[Casablanca]], [[Morocco]] *[[Conakry]], [[Guinea]] *[[Cotonou]], [[Benin]] *[[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] *[[Douala]], [[Cameroon]] *[[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] *[[Libreville]], [[Gabon]] *[[Lomé]], [[Togo]] *[[Luanda]], [[Angola]] *[[Malabo]], [[Equatorial Guinea]] *[[Monrovia]], [[Liberia]] *[[Nouakchott]], [[Mauritania]] *[[Port Harcourt]], Nigeria *[[Porto-Novo]], [[Benin]] *[[Praia]], [[Cape Verde]] *[[Rabat]], Morocco *[[Saldanah]], [[South Africa]] *[[Tangier]], Morocco *[[Walvis Bay]], [[Namibia]] {{col-end}} Note: This list of ports and harbors is very short. For instance, Panama alone has 30 ports. == References == <!--This article uses the Cite.php citation mechanism. If you would like more information on how to add references to this article, please see http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cite/Cite.php --> <div class="references-small"><references/> </div> Much of this article comes from the public domain site <nowiki>http://oceanographer.navy.mil/atlantic.html</nowiki> ([[dead link]]). It is now accessible from the [[Internet Archive]] at http://web.archive.org/web/20020221215514/http%3a//oceanographer.navy.mil/atlantic.html. * Disclaimers for this website, including its status as a public domain resource, are recorded on the Internet Archive at http://web.archive.org/web/20020212021049/http%3a//oceanographer.navy.mil/warning.html. ==See also== *[[Transatlantic]] **[[Transatlantic flight]] *[[List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean]] *[[:Category:Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean]] *[[:Category:Atlantic hurricanes]] *[[Ocean Highway]] ==External links== {{Commons|Atlantic Ocean}} * [http://www.whoi.edu/imageOfDay.do Oceanography Image of the Day ], from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution * [http://dapper.pmel.noaa.gov/dchart/ NOAA In-situ Ocean Data Viewer] Plot and download ocean observations *[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/zh.html CIA – The World Factbook – Atlantic Ocean] [[Category:Atlantic Ocean]] [[Category:Oceans]] [[af:Atlantiese Oseaan]] [[als:Atlantik]] [[ar:محيط أطلسي]] [[an:Ozián Atlantico]] [[ast:Océanu Atlánticu]] [[az:Atlantik Okeanı]] [[bn:আটলান্টিক মহাসাগর]] [[zh-min-nan:Tāi-se-iûⁿ]] [[be:Атлянтычны акіян]] [[bs:Atlantski okean]] [[br:Meurvor Atlantel]] [[bg:Атлантически океан]] [[ca:Oceà Atlàntic]] [[cv:Атлантика океанĕ]] [[cs:Atlantský oceán]] [[cy:Cefnfor Iwerydd]] [[da:Atlanterhavet]] [[de:Atlantischer Ozean]] [[et:Atlandi ookean]] [[el:Ατλαντικός Ωκεανός]] [[es:Océano Atlántico]] [[eo:Atlantika Oceano]] [[eu:Atlantiar Ozeanoa]] [[fa:اقیانوس اطلس]] [[fr:Océan Atlantique]] [[fy:Atlantyske Oseaan]] [[ga:An tAigéan Atlantach]] [[gl:Océano Atlántico]] [[ko:대서양]] [[hi:अटलांटिक महासागर]] [[hr:Atlantski ocean]] [[io:Oceano Atlantiko]] [[id:Samudra Atlantik]] [[is:Atlantshaf]] [[it:Oceano Atlantico]] [[he:האוקיינוס האטלנטי]] [[ka:ატლანტის ოკეანე]] [[kn:ಅಟ್ಲಾಂಟಿಕ್ ಮಹಾಸಾಗರ]] [[kw:Keynvor Iwerydh]] [[sw:Atlantiki]] [[la:Oceanus Atlanticus]] [[lb:Atlantik]] [[lt:Atlanto vandenynas]] [[li:Atlantische Oceaan]] [[hu:Atlanti-óceán]] [[mk:Атлантски Океан]] [[mn:Атлантын далай]] [[nl:Atlantische Oceaan]] [[ja:大西洋]] [[no:Atlanterhavet]] [[nn:Atlanterhavet]] [[ug:ئاتلانتىك ئوكيان]] [[nds:Atlantik]] [[pl:Ocean Atlantycki]] [[pt:Oceano Atlântico]] [[ro:Oceanul Atlantic]] [[ru:Атлантический океан]] [[sq:Oqeani Atlantik]] [[scn:Ocèanu Atlànticu]] [[simple:Atlantic Ocean]] [[sk:Atlantický oceán]] [[sl:Atlantski ocean]] [[sr:Атлантски океан]] [[sh:Atlantik]] [[fi:Atlantin valtameri]] [[sv:Atlanten]] [[tl:Karagatang Atlantiko]] [[ta:அட்லாண்டிக் பெருங்கடல்]] [[th:มหาสมุทรแอตแลนติก]] [[vi:Đại Tây Dương]] [[tg:Уқёнуси Атлантик]] [[tr:Atlas Okyanusu]] [[uk:Атлантичний океан]] [[ur:بحر اوقیانوس]] [[wa:Oceyan Atlantike]] [[zh-yue:大西洋]] [[zh:大西洋]] 527 1334 2006-10-24T06:49:44Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox_Country |native_name =''República Oriental del Uruguay'' |conventional_long_name =Eastern Republic of Uruguay |common_name =Uruguay |image_flag =Flag of Uruguay.svg |image_coat =Uruguay coa.svg |symbol_type =Coat of Arms |image_map =LocationUruguay.png |national_motto = ''Libertad o Muerte'' (freedom or death) {{fact}} |national_anthem = ''[[National Anthem of Uruguay]]'' |official_languages =[[Spanish language|Spanish]] |capital =[[Montevideo]] |latd=34 |latm=53 |latNS=S |longd=56 |longm=10 |longEW=W |largest_city = [[Montevideo]] |government_type =Democratic [[Republic]] |leader_title1 =[[List of Presidents of Uruguay|President]] |leader_name1 =[[Tabaré Vázquez]] |area_rank =90th |area_magnitude =1 E11 |area=176,215 |areami²=67,574 |percent_water = 1.5 |population_estimate = 3,463,000 |population_estimate_rank =130th |population_estimate_year =July 2005 |population_census = 3,399,237 |population_census_year =2002 |population_density =20 |population_densitymi² =51 |population_density_rank =186th ¹ |GDP_PPP = $34.305 billion <!--IMF 2005--> |GDP_PPP_rank = 90th |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $10,028 <!--IMF 2005--> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 65th |sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] |sovereignty_note = from [[Brazil]] |established_event1 = Declared |established_date1 = [[August 25]], [[1825]] |established_event2 = Recognised |established_date2 = [[August 28]], [[1828]] |HDI =0.840 |HDI_rank =46th |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category =<font color="#009900">high</font> |currency = [[Uruguayan Peso]] |currency_code = UYU |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset =-3 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST =-2 |cctld = [[.uy]] |calling_code =598 }} '''Uruguay''', officially the '''Eastern Republic of Uruguay''' or the '''Republic East of the Uruguay (River)''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''República Oriental del Uruguay''; [[Pronunciation|pron.]] [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] {{IPA|[re'puβ̞lika oɾjen'tal del uɾu'ɰwaj]}}), is a country located in southern [[South America]]. It is bordered by [[Brazil]] to the north, the [[Uruguay River]] to the west, the [[estuary]] of the [[Río de la Plata]] (literally "River of Silver", but commonly known in English as "River Plate") to the southwest, with [[Argentina]] on the other bank of both, and finally the South [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the southeast. About half of its people live in the capital and largest city, [[Montevideo]]. The nation is the second smallest independent country in South America, larger only than [[Suriname]] (it is also larger than [[French Guiana]], which is not independent), and is one of the most politically and economically stable. == History == ''Main article: [[History of Uruguay]]'' [[Image:Toortse Rio de la Plata.png|thumb|left|200px|Rio de la Plata in 1603]] The name "Uruguay" comes from [[Guaraní language|Guaraní]], the original language of the native people of the region. It has many possible meanings since Guaraní is a highly [[agglutinative]] language. Two of them are "river of the urus" (uru is a kind of bird) and "river of colorful or 'painted' birds." == Administrative divisions == [[Image:Uruguay mapa.png|framed|Map of Uruguay]] ''Main article: [[Departments of Uruguay]]'' Uruguay consists of 19 [[Department (subnational entity)|departments]] (''departamentos'', singular - ''departamento''): {| class="wikitable" |- style="background-color:#FFEBAD" !Department !Area (km²) !Population (2004) !Capital |- |[[Artigas Department|Artigas]] | align="right" | 11,928 | align="right" | 78,019 |[[Artigas, Uruguay|Artigas]] |- |[[Canelones Department|Canelones]] | align="right" | 4,536 | align="right" | 485,028 |[[Canelones]] |- |[[Cerro Largo Department|Cerro Largo]] | align="right" | 13,648 | align="right" | 86,564 |[[Melo]] |- |[[Colonia Department|Colonia]] | align="right" | 6,106 | align="right" | 119,266 |[[Colonia del Sacramento]] |- |[[Durazno Department|Durazno]] | align="right" | 11,643 | align="right" | 58,859 |[[Durazno]] |- |[[Flores Department|Flores]] | align="right" | 5,144 | align="right" | 25,104 |[[Trinidad, Uruguay|Trinidad]] |- |[[Florida Department|Florida]] | align="right" | 10,417 | align="right" | 68,181 |[[Florida, Uruguay|Florida]] |- |[[Lavalleja Department|Lavalleja]] | align="right" | 10,016 | align="right" | 60,925 |[[Minas, Uruguay|Minas]] |- |[[Maldonado Department|Maldonado]] | align="right" | 4,793 | align="right" | 140,192 |[[Maldonado, Uruguay|Maldonado]] |- |[[Montevideo Department|Montevideo]] | align="right" | 530 | align="right" | 1,326,064 |[[Montevideo]] |- |[[Paysandú Department|Paysandú]] | align="right" | 13,922 | align="right" | 113,244 |[[Paysandú]] |- |[[Río Negro Department|Río Negro]] | align="right" | 9,282 | align="right" | 53,989 |[[Fray Bentos]] |- |[[Rivera Department|Rivera]] | align="right" | 9,370 | align="right" | 104,921 |[[Rivera]] |- |[[Rocha Department|Rocha]] | align="right" | 10,551 | align="right" | 69,937 |[[Rocha]] |- |[[Salto Department|Salto]] | align="right" | 14,163 | align="right" | 123,120 |[[Salto, Uruguay|Salto]] |- |[[San José Department|San José]] | align="right" | 4,992 | align="right" | 103,104 |[[San José de Mayo]] |- |[[Soriano Department|Soriano]] | align="right" | 9,008 | align="right" | 84,563 |[[Mercedes, Uruguay|Mercedes]] |- |[[Tacuarembó Department|Tacuarembó]] | align="right" | 15,438 | align="right" | 90,489 |[[Tacuarembó]] |- |[[Treinta y Tres Department|Treinta y Tres]] | align="right" | 9,676 | align="right" | 49,318 |[[Treinta y Tres]] |} == Geography == [[Image:Uruguay_T2.png|thumb|right|210px|Satellite photo of Uruguay]] [[Image:Colonia de Sacramento.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Lighthouse at Colonia de Sacramento]] ''Main article: [[Geography of Uruguay]]'' At 176.215 [[square kilometre]]s, Uruguay is the second smallest country in [[South America]], after [[Suriname]]. The landscape features mostly rolling plains and low hill ranges (''cuchillas'') with a fertile coastal lowland, most of it grassland, ideal for [[cattle]] and [[domestic sheep|sheep]] raising. The highest point in the country is the Cerro Catedral at 514 metres (1,686&nbsp;[[foot (unit of length)|ft]]). To the southwest is the [[Río de la Plata]] (River of Silver), the estuary of the [[Uruguay River]], which forms the western border, and the [[Paraná River]], that does not run through Uruguay itself. The only other major river is the [[Río Negro (Uruguay)|Río Negro]]. Several lagoons are found along the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast. The [[climate]] in Uruguay is [[temperate climate|temperate]], but fairly warm, as freezing temperatures are almost unknown. The predominantly flat landscape is also somewhat vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts, as well as to the [[pampero]], a chilly and occasionally violent wind blowing north from the [[pampa]]s plains in [[Argentina]]. === Enclaves and exclaves === There is one Argentine [[enclave]] within Uruguayan territory: the island of [[Martín García]] (coordinates {{coor dm|34|11|S|58|15|W}}). It is situated near the confluence of the Paraná and Uruguay rivers, a mere kilometre (1,100&nbsp;[[yard|yd]]) inside Uruguayan waters, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2&nbsp;[[mile|mi]]) from the Uruguayan coastline, near the small city of [[Martín Chico]] (itself about halfway between [[Nueva Palmira]] and [[Colonia]]). An agreement reached by Argentina and Uruguay in [[1973]] reaffirmed Argentine jurisdiction over the island, ending a century-old dispute between the two countries.{{Fact}} According to the terms of the agreement, Martín García is to be devoted exclusively to a natural preserve. Its area is about 2 square kilometres (500&nbsp;[[acres]]), and the population about 200 persons. In addition, Gloria Recoda has exclusive land rights on a quarter of the island. == Economy == :''Main article: [[Economy of Uruguay]]'' [[Image:Playa Pocitos.jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Montevideo]], Uruguay's capital]] Uruguay's economy is characterised by an export-oriented [[agriculture|agricultural]] sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending, as well as a developed industrial sector. After averaging growth of 5% annually in [[1996]]-[[1998]], in [[1999]]-[[2001]] the economy suffered from lower demand in [[Argentina]] and [[Brazil]], which together account for nearly half of Uruguay's exports. Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbours, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating &mdash; one of only two in South America.{{Fact}} In recent years Uruguay has shifted most of its energy into developing the commercial use of IT technologies and has become an important exporter of software in Latin America{{Fact}}. While some parts of the economy appeared to be resilient, the downturn had a far more severe impact on Uruguayan citizens, as unemployment levels rose to more than twenty percent, [[real wage]]s fell, the [[Uruguayan peso|peso]] was devalued, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty reached almost 40%. These worsening economic conditions played a part in turning public opinion against the [[free market]] economic policies adopted by the previous administrations in the 1990s, leading to popular rejection of proposals for [[privatization]] of the state petroleum company in 2003 and of the state water company in 2004. The newly elected [[Frente Amplio]] government, while pledging to continue payments on Uruguay's external debt,{{Fact}} has also promised to undertake a crash jobs programs to attack the widespread problems of poverty and unemployment.{{Fact}} == Agriculture == :''Main article: [[Agriculture of Uruguay]]'' Agriculture played such an important part in Uruguayan history and national identity until the middle of the 20th century that the entire country was then sometimes likened to a single huge estancia (agricultural estate) with Montevideo, where the wealth generated in the hinterland was spent, as its ''casco'' or administrative head. As another saying went, "''Uruguay es la vaca y el puerto''" ("Uruguay is the cow and the port").{{Fact}} When world market prices for Uruguay’s main export commodities like beef and wool fell drastically in the 1950s, the country's prosperous golden era came to an end. [[Image: Estanciahistorica-florida-uruguay.jpg|thumb|280px|A heartland of historic estancias : Estancia San Eugenio, Casupá, southern department of Florida]]Today, agriculture still contributes roughly 10% to the country’s GDP and is the main foreign exchange earner, putting Uruguay in line with other agricultural exporters like Brazil, Canada and New Zealand. Uruguay is a member of the [[Cairns Group]] of exporters of agricultural products. Uruguay’s agriculture has relatively low inputs of labour, technology and capital in comparison with other such countries, which results in comparatively lower yields per hectare but also open the door for Uruguay to market its products as "natural" or "ecological." Campaigns like “Uruguayan grass-fed beef” and “Uruguay Natural” aim to establish Uruguay as a premium brand in beef, wine and other food products.{{Fact}} Recently, an industry has arisen around [[agritourism|estancia tourism]] that capitalizes on the traditional or folkloristic connotations associated with gaucho culture and the remaining resources of the historic [[hacienda|estancias]] of Uruguay's golden era. == Demographics == :''Main article: [[Demographics of Uruguay]]'' [[Image:Torreantel.JPG|thumb|right|180px|Torre de las Telecomunicaciones ([[Torre Antel|Antel Tower]]) in Montevideo.]] Like the neighbouring nation of [[Argentina]], Uruguay was heavily populated by people of European origin. Some 84% of the population is [[white]] [[European]] descent almost evenly split amongst [[Italians]], and [[Spaniards]], with smaller [[German]], [[Irish]], [[Scandinavian]], and [[Armenian]] communities. [[Mestizo]]s (mixed European and Amerindian) constitute the second largest group (11%) and Afro-Uruguayan, and mixed race (5%) forming the only significant ethnic minorities. Church and state are officially separated. Most Uruguayans adhere to the [[Roman Catholic]] faith (66%), with smaller [[Protestant]] (2%) and [[Jewish]] and Armenian Christian (1%) communities, as well as a large nonprofessing group (31%). [https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/uy.html#People] Uruguay is distinguished by its high [[literacy]] rate (97%), large urban middle class, and relatively even income distribution. During the 1970s and 1980s, an estimated 600,000 Uruguayans emigrated, principally to [[Spain]]. [[Argentina]] and [[Brazil]]. Other Uruguayans went to various countries in [[Europe]] and [[USA]]. As a result of the low birth rate, high [[life expectancy]], and relatively high rate of emigration of younger people, Uruguay's population is quite mature. In 2006 the country had a birth rate of 13.91 births per thousand population,[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/uy.html#People] lower than neighboring countries [[Argentina]] (16.73 births/1000 population)[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ar.html#People] and [[Brazil]] (16.56 births/1,000 population).[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/br.html#People] == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Uruguay]]'' * [[Music of Uruguay]] * [[List of Uruguayans]] ===Uruguayan writers=== * [[José Enrique Rodó]], essayist and thinker. * [[Florencio Sánchez]], playwright. * [[Horacio Quiroga]], short-story writer. * [[Juana de Ibarbourou]], poet. * [[Maria Eugenia Vaz Ferreira]], poet. * [[Delmira Agustini]], poet. * [[Juan Carlos Onetti]], novelist. * [[Idea Vilariño]], poet. * [[Felisberto Hernandez]], short-story writer and essayist. * [[Mario Levrero]], , short-story writer. * [[Mario Benedetti]], poet and novelist. * [[Jacobo Langsner]], playwright. * [[Eduardo Galeano]], writer and social commentator renowned throughout Latin America * [[Jorge Majfud]], essayist and novelist. ===Uruguayan food=== *Asado: the national tradition, a barbecue of any kind of beef and typical sausages (chorizos) served with strong red wine. *Dulce de leche: A sweet treat made of milk and sugar. *Pascualina: a spinach pie, typically including eggs and onion. *Mate: A tea of yerba mate drank out of mate gourds and sipped from a bombilla (metal straw). *Empanadas: A small pie, usually filled with meat, olives, eggs and carrots. *Martin Fierro: A slice of cheese and a slice of quince paste ("dulce de membrillo"). *Caruso Sauce: A sauce to be served with pasta and made out of cream, ketchup, onions, ham and mushrooms. *Chivito sandwich, or Chivito: A sandwich containing beef, bacon, tomato, ham, cheese and pepper. Montevideo has been the birthplace of three important [[French literature|French poets]]: * [[Comte de Lautréamont|Isidore Lucien Ducasse]] * [[Jules Laforgue]] * [[Jules Supervielle]] == Sports == ''Main article: [[Sports in Uruguay]]'' The most popular sport in Uruguay is [[association football]] (called ''fútbol'' in Spanish). The country has earned many honours in that sport, including: *gold medals at the [[1924 Summer Olympics|1924]] and [[1928 Summer Olympics|1928]] [[Olympic Games]] and *two [[Football World Cup|World Cups]]: **in 1930, when the first football world championship was celebrated in Montevideo; and **in 1950 in Brazil. [[Rugby union]] (see [[Rugby union in Uruguay]]) is also popular with the [[Uruguay national rugby union team|national team]] having qualified for both the [[1999 Rugby World Cup]] and the subsequent [[2003 Rugby World Cup|2003 world cup]]. The team is currently the second highest ranked in South America.[http://www.irb.com/en/World+Rankings/world+rankings+full.htm] [[Basketball]] and [[cycling]] are also popular.{{Fact}} == Miscellaneous topics == * [[Communications in Uruguay]] * [[Foreign relations of Uruguay]] * [[Military of Uruguay]] * [[Movimiento Scout del Uruguay]] * [[Reporters without borders]] World-wide press freedom index 2002: Rank 21 out of 139 countries (3 way tie) * [[Transportation in Uruguay]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Uruguay]] * [[University of Uruguay]] * [[University of the Republic, Uruguay]] * [[Stella Maris College (Montevideo)]] == External links == === Government resources === {{sisterlinks|Uruguay}} * [http://www.ine.gub.uy/ INE] - National Statistics Institute (in Spanish) * [http://www.mef.gub.uy/ MEF] - Official site of the Uruguayan Ministry of Finance (in Spanish) * [http://www.poderjudicial.gub.uy/ Poder Judicial] - Official site of the Uruguayan Judiciary (in Spanish) * [http://www.parlamento.gub.uy/ Poder Legislativo] - Official site of the Uruguayan Parliament (in Spanish) * [http://www.uruguay.gub.uy/ Portal del Estado Uruguayo] - Uruguayan State portal (in Spanish) * [http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/ Presidencia de la República Oriental del Uruguay] - Official presidential site (in Spanish) === General information === * [http://www.uruguaytotal.com/ Uruguay Total] - Uruguayan portal (in Spanish) * [http://www.inocentes.info/ Portal Paysandu - Los inocentes de Siempre] - Uruguayan portal (in Spanish) * [http://www.uruguay.com/ Uruguay.com] - Uruguayan portal (in Spanish, with English links) * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/South_America/Uruguay Open Directory Project - Uruguay] directory category (multiple languages) * [http://fromuruguay.blogspot.com/ From Uruguay] - Uruguayan blog (in English) * [http://dug.punta.com/ Sociedad Alemana-Uruguaya] - German Uruguayan society (in Spanish and German) * [http://www.vino-uruguay.com/index.php?Lang=en Wine Uruguay] - Uruguayan Wine Guide (in English, Spanish, German) * [http://www.stonek.com Studio Stonek] - Uruguayan photography studio and image bank (in Spanish and English) * [http://www.colonial-estates.pvoss.de/argentina-historical-estancias.htm/ Estancias - historic colonial architecture estates] and cattle ranches in the Pampa * [http://www.boomersabroad.com/uruguay.html The Uruguay Page] - a Uruguay metadirectory (in English) * [http://www.turbomaps.com.ar/english/uruguay.php Uruguay cities satellite views] * [http://www.idea.int/countryprofile.cfm?CountryCode=UY Voter turnout, Gender quotas, Electoral system design and Political party financing in Uruguay] === Media === * [http://www.elpais.com.uy/ El País] - Montevideo daily newspaper * [http://www.larepublica.com.uy/ La República] - Montevideo daily newspaper * [http://www.observa.com.uy/ El Observador] - Montevideo daily newspaper * [http://www.espectador.com/ El Espectador] - Montevideo radio station * [http://www.sarandi690.com.uy/ Radio Sarandí] - Montevideo radio station * [http://www.montevideo.com.uy/ Montevideo.com] - Montevideo news web site * [http://www.laspiedras.zonapixels.com/index.html La Guía] - La Guía, comerce and news of Las Piedras, Canelones, Uruguay * [http://www.infolatam.com/uruguay.php Infolatam] - Information and news of Uruguay === Travel and commerce === * [http://www.turismo.gub.uy/index.php Ministerio de Turismo del Uruguay] - Government tourism information site (in Spanish, Portuguese and English) * {{wikitravel}} * [http://www.uruguayxxi.gub.uy/ Uruguay XXI] - Investment and Export Promotion (in Spanish and English) *[http://www.traveltouruguay.com/ Traveltouruguay.com] - Touristic information and promotion *[http://www.puntaonline.com PuntaOnline.com] Real Estate Portal for Punta del Este in Spanish and German *[http://www.agro.pvoss.de/ Farm land and historic Estancias] for sale in Uruguay === Sports === *[http://www.auf.org.uy/ Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol] - Uruguayan Football Association (in Spanish) *[http://www.fubb.org.uy Federación Uruguaya de Basketball] - Uruguayan Basketball Federation (in Spanish) *[http://www.uru.org.uy Unión de Rugby del Uruguay] - Uruguayan Rugby Union (in Spanish) *[http://www.aug.com.uy Asociación Uruguaya de Golf] - Uruguayan Golf Association (in Spanish) *[http://www.nacional.com.uy Club Nacional de Football] *[http://www.capenarol.com Club Atlético Peñarol] {{South_America}} [[Category:South American countries]] [[Category:Uruguay| ]] [[Category:Spanish-speaking countries]] {{Link FA|de}} {{Link FA|fr}} [[af:Uruguay]] [[ar:أوروغواي]] [[an:Uruguai]] [[az:Uruqvay]] [[id:Uruguay]] [[ms:Uruguay]] [[zh-min-nan:Uruguay]] [[be:Уругвай]] [[bs:Urugvaj]] [[bg:Уругвай]] [[ca:Uruguai]] [[cs:Uruguay]] [[da:Uruguay]] [[de:Uruguay]] [[et:Uruguay]] [[el:Ουρουγουάη]] [[es:Uruguay]] [[eo:Urugvajo]] [[eu:Uruguai]] [[fa:اروگوئه]] [[fr:Uruguay]] [[ga:Uragua]] [[gl:Uruguai - Uruguay]] [[ko:우루과이]] [[hr:Urugvaj]] [[io:Uruguay]] [[ilo:Uruguay]] [[is:Úrúgvæ]] [[it:Uruguay]] [[he:אורוגוואי]] [[ka:ურუგვაი]] [[kw:Urugway]] [[ht:Irigwe]] [[la:Uruguaia]] [[lv:Urugvaja]] [[lt:Urugvajus]] [[hu:Uruguay]] [[mk:Уругвај]] [[nl:Uruguay]] [[ja:ウルグアイ]] [[no:Uruguay]] [[nn:Uruguay]] [[oc:Uruguai]] [[ug:ئۇرۇگۋاي]] [[pam:Uruguay]] [[nds:Uruguay]] [[pl:Urugwaj]] [[pt:Uruguai]] [[ro:Uruguay]] [[rm:Uruguay]] [[qu:Uruwayi]] [[ru:Уругвай]] [[sa:उरुग्वाय]] [[sq:Uruguai]] [[simple:Uruguay]] [[sk:Uruguaj]] [[sl:Urugvaj]] [[sr:Уругвај]] [[sh:Urugvaj]] [[fi:Uruguay]] [[sv:Uruguay]] [[tl:Uruguay]] [[ta:உருகுவே]] [[tet:Uruguai]] [[th:ประเทศอุรุกวัย]] [[vi:Uruguay]] [[tg:Уругуай]] [[tr:Uruguay]] [[uk:Уруґвай]] [[fiu-vro:Uruguay]] [[yi:אורוגװיי]] [[zh:乌拉圭]] 528 2839 2006-11-09T11:33:39Z 202.71.92.74 /* Holidays */ {{translation}} {{Infobox_Country| native_name = ''República Argentina'' | conventional_long_name = Argentine Republic | common_name = Argentina | image_flag = Flag of Argentina.svg |Liberty")| national_anthem = ''[[Argentine National Anthem|Himno Nacional Argentino]]'' | official_languages = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]| capital = [[Buenos Aires]] | latd=34|latm=20|latNS=S|longd=58|longm=30|longEW=W| largest_city = [[Buenos Aires]] | government_type= [[Federal republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Argentina|President]]| leader_name1 = [[Néstor Kirchner]] (Vice President [[Daniel Scioli]])| area_rank = 8th | area_magnitude = 1_E12 | area=2,780,400¤| areami² = 1,073,514¤| <!-- Do not remove --> percent_water = 1.1 | population_estimate = 39,921,833| population_estimate_year = 2006 | population_estimate_rank = 32nd | population_census= 36,260,130| population_census_year= 2001| population_density = 14 | population_densitymi² = 36 | <!-- Do not remove --> population_density_rank= 195th| GDP_PPP_year=2006| GDP_PPP = US $548.754 billion<!--IMF-->| GDP_PPP_rank = 22nd | GDP_PPP_per_capita = US $13,813 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 50th | HDI_year = 2003 | HDI = 0.863 | HDI_rank = 34th | HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> | sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]| sovereignty_note = From [[Spain]] | established_event1 = [[May Revolution]] | established_event2 = [[Argentine Declaration of Independence|Declared]] | established_event3 = Recognized | established_date1 = [[25 May]] [[1810]] | established_date2 = [[9 July]] [[1816]] | established_date3 = [[1821]] (by [[Portugal]]) | currency = [[Argentine peso|Peso]] | currency_code = ARS | time_zone= [[Time in Argentina|ART]] | utc_offset= -3 | time_zone_DST= ARST | utc_offset_DST= -3 | cctld= [[.ar]] | calling_code = 54 | footnotes = ¤ Argentina also has a [[Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands|territorial dispute]] with the [[United Kingdom]] over an additional 1,000,000 km² of [[Antarctica]], the [[Falkland Islands]] and [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]], for a total of 3,761,274 km² (1,452,236&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi). }} '''Argentina''' is a country in southern [[South America]]. It ranks second in land area in [[South America]], and [[List of countries and outlying territories by total area|eighth]] in the world. Argentina occupies a continental surface area of 2,791,810 [[square kilometre|km²]] (1,078,000&nbsp;[[square mile|sq&nbsp;mi]]) between the [[Andes]] [[mountain range]] in the west and the southern [[Atlantic Ocean]] in the east and south. It is bordered by [[Paraguay]] and [[Bolivia]] in the north, [[Brazil]] and [[Uruguay]] in the northeast, and [[Chile]] in the west and south. The country claims the [[British overseas territory|British overseas territories]] of the [[Falkland Islands]] ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Islas Malvinas'') and [[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]]. Under the name of [[Argentine Antarctica]], it claims 969,464 km² (374,312&nbsp;sq&nbsp;mi) of [[Antarctica]], overlapping other claims made by [[Chile]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. The country is formally called the '''Argentine Republic''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: '''República Argentina''', [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] {{IPA|[reˈpuβlika aɾxenˈtina]}}). For many legal purposes, ''Nación Argentina'' (Argentine Nation) is used. ==Origin and history of the name== {{main|Origin and history of the name of Argentina}} [[Image:en-argentinamap.gif|thumb|right|300px|Map of Argentina]] The name '''Argentina''' derives from the [[Latin]] ''argentum'' ([[silver]]). When the first [[Spain|Spanish]] [[conquistador]]s discovered the [[Río de la Plata]], they named the estuary ''Mar Dulce'' ('Sweet Sea', as in a fresh water sea). [[Indigenous people of the Americas|Indigenous people]] gave gifts of silver to the survivors of the shipwrecked expedition, who were led by [[Juan Díaz de Solís]]. The legend of [[Sierra del Plata]] — a mountain rich in silver — reached Spain around [[1524]], and the name was first seen in print on a [[Venice]] map from 1536. The source of the silver was the area where the city of [[Potosí]] was to be founded in [[1546]]. An expedition that followed the trail of the silver up the [[Paraná River|Paraná]] and [[Pilcomayo]] rivers finally reached the source only to find it already claimed by explorers who reached it from [[Lima]], the capital of the Viceroyalty. The name Argentina was first used extensively in [[Ruy Díaz de Guzmán's]] [[1612]] book ''Historia del descubrimiento, población, y conquista del Río de la Plata'' (History of the discovery, population, and conquest of the Río de la Plata), naming the territory ''Tierra Argentina'' (Land of Silver).<ref>[http://www.profesorgentile.com.ar/publi/nombre.html What's our name?] About the origin of "Argentina" (Spanish)</ref><ref>[http://www.paisadentro.com.ar/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=20 My name is Argentina] About the origin of "Argentina" (Spanish)</ref> ==History== [[Image:Toortse Rio de la Plata.png|thumb|left|200px|Río de la Plata aboriginals, as pictured by Hendrick Ottsen (1603)]] {{main|History of Argentina}} The first signs of human presence in Argentina are located in the [[Patagonia]] ( [[Piedra Museo]], Santa Cruz), and date from 11,000 BC.<ref>[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedra_Museo Piedra Museo]</ref> Around 1 AD, several corn-based civilizations developed in the western [[Andean]] region (Santa María, Huarpes, Diaguitas, Sanavirones, among others). In 1480 the [[Inca Empire]], under the rule of emperor Pachacutec, launched an offensive and conquered present-day northwestern Argentina, integrating it into a region called [[Collasuyu]]. In the northeastern area, the [[Guaraní]] developed a culture based on [[yuca]] and [[sweet potato]]. The central and southern areas ([[Pampas]] and Patagonia) were dominated by nomadic cultures, unified in the 17th century by the [[Mapuche]]s. [[Image:Buenos Aires shortly after its foundation 1536.png|thumb|left|210px|Buenos Aires in 1536]] Europeans arrived in [[1502]]. [[Spain]] established a permanent colony on the site of [[Buenos Aires]] in 1580; the [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]] was created in 1776. In 1806 and 1807 the [[British Empire]] [[British invasions of the Río de la Plata|launched two invasions]] to Buenos Aires, but the creole population repelled both attempts. On [[May 25]], [[1810]], after confirmation of the rumors about the overthrow of [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|King Ferdinand VII]] by Napoleon, citizens of [[Buenos Aires]] took advantage of the situation and created the [[Primera Junta|First Government Junta]] ([[May Revolution]]). Formal [[Argentine Declaration of Independence|independence from Spain]] was declared on [[July 9]], [[1816]] in [[Tucuman|Tucumán]]. In 1817, General [[José de San Martín]] [[Crossing of the Andes|crossed the Andes]] to free [[Chile]] and [[Peru]], thus eliminating the Spanish threat. Centralist and federalist groups (Spanish: ''Unitarios'' and ''Federales'') were in conflict until national unity was established and the [[Constitution of Argentina|constitution]] promulgated in 1853. Foreign [[investment]] and [[Immigration in Argentina|immigration]] from Europe led to the adoption of modern agricultural techniques. In the 1880s, the "[[Conquest of the Desert]]" subdued or exterminated the remaining indigenous tribes throughout the southern [[Pampas]] and [[Patagonia]].<ref> Carlos A. Floria and César A. García Belsunce, 1971. ''Historia de los Argentinos'' I and II; ISBN 84-599-5081-6 </ref> From 1880 to 1930, Argentina enjoyed increasing prosperity and prominence through an export-led economy, and the population of the country swelled sevenfold. Conservative forces dominated Argentine politics until 1916, when their traditional rivals, the [[Radical Civic Union|Radicals]], won control of the government. The military forced [[Hipólito Yrigoyen]] from power in 1930, leading to another decade of Conservative rule. Political change led to the presidency of [[Juan Perón]] in 1946, who tried to empower the working class and greatly expanded the number of unionized workers. The [[Revolución Libertadora]] of [[1955]] deposed him. [[Image:Juan Peron con banda de presidente.jpg|thumb|right|200px|President [[Juan Perón]] (1946)]] From the 1950s to 1970s, soft military and weak civilian administrations traded power. During those years the economy grew strongly and poverty declined (less than 7% in 1975), but became increasingly protectionist. At the same time political violence continued to escalate. In 1973, Perón returned to the presidency, but he died within a year of assuming power. His third wife [[Isabel Martínez de Perón|Isabel]], the Vice President, succeeded him in office, but the military coup of [[March 24]], [[1976]] removed her from office. The armed forces took power through a [[Military dictatorship|junta]] in charge of the self-appointed [[National Reorganization Process]] until 1983. The military government repressed opposition and terrorist leftist groups using harsh illegal measures (the "[[Dirty War]]"); thousands of dissidents "[[forced disappearance|disappeared]]", while the [[SIDE]] cooperated with [[DINA]] and other South American intelligence agencies, and with the [[CIA]] in [[Operation Condor]]. Many of the military leaders that took part in the Dirty War were trained in the [[United States|U.S.]]-financed [[School of the Americas]], among them Argentine dictators [[Leopoldo Galtieri]] and [[Roberto Viola]]. Economic problems, charges of corruption, public revulsion in the face of [[human rights]] abuses and, finally, the country's 1982 defeat by the British in the [[Falklands War]] discredited the Argentine military regime. Democracy was restored in 1983. [[Raúl Alfonsín]]'s Radical government took steps to account for the "disappeared", established civilian control of the armed forces, and consolidated democratic institutions. The members of the three military juntas were prosecuted and sentenced to life terms. Failure to resolve endemic economic problems and an inability to maintain public confidence led to Alfonsín's early departure six months before his term was to be completed. President [[Carlos Menem]] imposed a [[Argentine peso|peso]]-[[United States dollar|dollar]] [[Argentine Currency Board|fixed exchange rate]] in 1991 to stop [[hyperinflation]] and adopted far-reaching market-based policies, dismantling [[protectionism|protectionist]] barriers and business [[deregulation|regulations]], and implementing a [[privatization]] program. These reforms contributed to significant increases in investment and growth with stable prices through most of the 1990s. [[Image:Cacerolazo Argentina 2001-2002.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Protest against the ''[[corralito]]'' (2002)]] The Menem and [[Fernando de la Rúa|de la Rúa]] administrations faced diminished competitiveness of exports, massive imports which damaged national industry and reduced employment, chronic fiscal and trade deficits, and the contagion of several economic crises. The [[Asian financial crisis]] in [[1998]] precipitated an [[capital outflow|outflow of capital]] that mushroomed into a [[recession]], and culminated in a [[Argentine economic crisis (1999-2002)|financial panic]] in November of 2001. The next month, amidst [[December 2001 riots (Argentina)|bloody riots]], President de la Rúa finally resigned. In two weeks, several presidents followed in quick succession, culminating in [[Eduardo Duhalde]] being appointed interim [[President of Argentina]] by the Legislative Assembly on [[2 January]] 2002. Argentina [[default (finance)|defaulted]] on its international debt obligations. The peso's almost 11-year-old linkage to the U.S. dollar was abandoned, resulting in major [[depreciation (currency)|depreciation]] of the peso and a spike in [[inflation]]. With a more competitive and flexible exchange rate, the country started implementing new policies based on re-industrialization, [[import substitution]], increased exports, and consistent fiscal and trade surpluses. By the end of 2002, the economy began to stabilize. In [[2003]], [[Néstor Kirchner]] was elected president. During Kirchner's presidency, Argentina [[Argentine debt restructuring|restructured its defaulted debt]] with a steep discount (about 75 percent) on most bonds, payed off outstanding debts with the [[International Monetary Fund]], renegotiated contracts with utilities, and nationalized some previously privatized industries. Currently, Argentina is enjoying a period of high economic growth and increased political stability. ==Politics== ===Government=== <!--Please add new information into relevant articles of the series--> [[Image:Buenos Aires Congreso stock xchng 214239.jpg|thumb|250px|Congress building in Buenos Aires]] {{morepolitics|country=Argentina}} Argentina's political framework is a [[federation|federal]] [[presidential system|presidential]] [[representative democracy|representative democratic]] [[republic]], in which the [[President of Argentina]] is both [[head of state]] and [[head of government]], complemented by a pluriform [[multi-party system]]. The [[Argentine Constitution of 1853]] mandates a [[separation of powers]] into [[executive (government)|executive]], [[legislature|legislative]], and [[judiciary|judicial]] branches at the national and provincial level. [[executive (government)|Executive]] power resides in the [[President of Argentina|President]] and his cabinet. The [[President of Argentina|President]] and Vice President are directly elected to 4-year terms, limited to two consecutive terms, and the [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]] ministers are appointed by the president. [[legislature|Legislative]] power is vested in the bicameral [[National Congress]] or ''[[Argentine National Congress|Congreso de la Nación]]'', consisting of a [[Senate]] (''[[Argentine Senate|Senado]]'') of 72 seats, and a [[Chamber of Deputies]] (''[[Argentine Chamber of Deputies|Cámara de Diputados]]'') of 257 members. Senators serve 6-year terms, with one-third standing for reelection every 2 years. Members of the Chamber of Deputies are directly elected to 4-year term via a system of [[proportional representation]], with half of the members of the [[lower house]] being elected every 2 years. A third of the candidates presented by the parties must be women. The [[judiciary]] is independent of the executive and the legislature. The [[Argentine Supreme Court of Justice]] has 9 members who are appointed by the President in consultation with the Senate. The rest of the judges are appointed by the [[Council of Magistrates of the Nation]], a secretariat composed of representatives of judges, lawyers, the Congress, and the executive. (see also [[law of Argentina]]) ===Foreign relations=== {{main|Foreign relations of Argentina}} Argentina is a member of [[Mercosur]], an international bloc which has some legislative supranational functions. Mercosur is composed of five full members: Argentina, [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]], and [[Venezuela]]. It has five associate members without full voting rights: [[Bolivia]], [[Chile]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], and [[Peru]]. [[Image:20 Años del Mercosur-Iguazu-Sarney-Lula-Kirchner-Alfonsín-Bielsa- 30-nov-05-presidencia-govar-2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Current and Former Presidents of Brazil and Argentina on the 20th anniversary of the Mercosur.]] Argentina was the only country from [[Latin America]] to participate in the 1991 [[Gulf War]] under mandate of the [[United Nations]], and in every phase of the [[Haiti]] operation. It has also contributed worldwide in [[peacekeeping]] operations, including in [[El Salvador]]-[[Honduras]]-[[Nicaragua]], [[Guatemala]], [[Ecuador]]-[[Peru]], [[Western Sahara]], [[Angola]], [[Kuwait]], [[Cyprus]], [[Croatia]], [[Kosovo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]] and [[East Timor]]. In recognition of its contributions to international security, U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] designated Argentina as a major non-NATO ally in January 1998. In 2005, it was elected as a temporary member of the [[UN Security Council]]. In 2005, on [[November 4]] and [[November 5]], the Argentine city of [[Mar del Plata]] hosted the [[Fourth Summit of the Americas]]. This summit was marked by a number of anti-U.S. protests. As of 2006, Argentina has been emphasizing [[Mercosur]] as its first international priority; by contrast, during the 1990s, it relied more heavily on its relationship with the [[United States]]. Argentina has long claimed sovereignty over the [[Falkland Islands|Falkland/Malvinas Islands]], the [[South Shetland Islands]], the [[South Sandwich Islands]] and almost 1 million km² in Antarctica, between the 25°W and the 74°W meridians and the 60°S parallel. This slice of the continent is known as [[Argentine Antarctica]], which Argentina considers part of the national territory. For more than a century, there has been an Argentine presence at the [[Orcadas Base]]. Argentina is a founding signatory and permanent consulting member of the [[Antarctic Treaty System]]. ===Military=== The [[President of Argentina|President]] is the Commander-in-Chief, and the military is under the control of the Defense Ministry. Argentina's military establishement has historically been one of the best equipped in the region (for example, developing its own advanced jet fighters as early as the 1950s),<ref>[http://www.ipmsstockholm.org/magazine/2002/06/stuff_eng_profile_pulqui.htm Pulqui: Argentina's Jet Adventure]IPMStockholm.org</ref> but has faced expenditure cutbacks in comparison to other regional militaries. The age of allowable military service is 18 years; there is no obligatory [[military service]] and currently no [[conscription]]. The military is composed of a traditional [[Argentine Army|Army]], [[Argentine Navy|Navy]], and [[Argentine Air Force|Air Force]]. Controlled by a separate ministry (the Interior Ministry), Argentine territorial waters are patrolled by the [[Argentine Naval Prefecture|Naval Prefecture]], and the border regions by the [[Argentine National Gendarmerie|National Gendarmerie]]; both branches however maintain liasions with the Defense Ministry. They mostly perform patrols against [[organized crime]], [[drug smuggling]], and rescue operations of civilians in distress. Argentina's Armed Forces are currently performing major operations in [[Haiti]] and [[Cyprus]], in accordance to specified UN mandates. {{seealso|Military of Argentina}} ==Administrative divisions== [[Image:Argentina - Político 2.png|thumb|340px|Provinces of Argentina. Argentina claims control of the [[Falkland Islands]] (Islas Malvinas) and a slice of [[Antarctica]], both of which it considers a part of its [[Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)|Tierra del Fuego Province]] (23).]] {{main|Provinces of Argentina}} {{seealso|Governors in Argentina}} Argentina is divided into 23 [[province]]s (''provincias''; singular: ''provincia''), and 1 [[autonomous city]] (commonly known as ''capital federal''), marked with an asterisk: {| | # [[Buenos Aires|Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires]]^* # [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires (Province)]] # [[Catamarca Province|Catamarca]] # [[Chaco Province|Chaco]] # [[Chubut Province|Chubut]] # [[Córdoba Province (Argentina)|Córdoba]] # [[Corrientes Province|Corrientes]] # [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]] # [[Formosa Province|Formosa]] # [[Jujuy Province|Jujuy]] # [[La Pampa Province|La Pampa]] # [[La Rioja Province (Argentina)|La Rioja]] | <ol start=13> <li> [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]] </li> <li> [[Misiones Province|Misiones]] </li> <li> [[Neuquén Province|Neuquén]] </li> <li> [[Río Negro Province|Río Negro]] </li> <li> [[Salta Province|Salta]] </li> <li> [[San Juan Province (Argentina)|San Juan]] </li> <li> [[San Luis Province|San Luis]] </li> <li> [[Santa Cruz Province (Argentina)|Santa Cruz]] </li> <li> [[Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe]] </li> <li> [[Santiago del Estero Province|Santiago del Estero]] </li> <li> [[Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)|Tierra del Fuego]] </li> <li> [[Tucumán Province|Tucumán]] </li> </ol> |} ^* The current official name for the [[federal district]] is ''Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires''. Buenos Aires has been the capital of Argentina since its unification, but there have been projects to move the administrative centre elsewhere. During the presidency of [[Raúl Alfonsín]] a law was passed ordering the transfer of the federal capital to [[Viedma]], a city in the [[Patagonian]] province of Río Negro. Studies were underway when economic problems killed the project in 1989. Though the law was never formally repealed, it has become a mere historical relic, and the project has been forgotten. Provinces are divided into smaller secondary units called ''departamentos'', or [[Departments of Argentina|departments]]. There are 376 departments. The province of [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]] has 134 similar divisions known as ''partidos''. ''Departamentos'' and ''partidos'' are further subdivided into municipalities or districts. <!-- to be filled in with table of largest cities--> In descending order by number of inhabitants, the major cities in Argentina are [[Buenos Aires]], [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], [[Rosario]], [[Mendoza]], [[Tucumán]], [[La Plata]], [[Mar del Plata]], [[Salta]], [[Santa Fé, Argentina|Santa Fé]], [[San Juan, Argentina|San Juan]], [[Resistencia]], and [[Neuquén, Argentina|Neuquén]]. ==Geography== {{main|Geography of Argentina}} [[Image:Argentina topo blank.jpg|260px|thumb|left|Topographic map of Argentina (Including some territorial claims)]] ===Main features=== The total surface area of Argentina (not including the Antarctic claim), is as follows: * Total: [[1 E12 m²|2,766,890]] [[square kilometre|km²]] * Land: 2,736,690 km² * Water: 30,200 km² Argentina is nearly 3,700 km long from north to south, and 1,400 km from east to west (maximum values). It can roughly be divided into four parts: the fertile plains of the [[Pampa]]s in the center the country, the source of Argentina's [[agriculture|agricultural]] wealth; the flat to rolling, oil-rich plateau of [[Patagonia]] in the southern half down to [[Tierra del Fuego]]; the subtropical flats of the [[Gran Chaco]] in the north, and the rugged [[Andes]] [[mountain range]] along the western border with [[Chile]]. The highest point above [[sea level]] in Argentina is located in [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]]. Cerro [[Aconcagua]], at 6,962 [[meter]]s (22,834 [[foot (unit of length)|feet]]), is the highest mountain in the [[Americas]], the [[Southern Hemisphere|Southern]],<ref>[http://home.comcast.net/~igpl/Mountains.html Mountains of the Earth] The Highest Mountain Peak on Each Continent</ref> and [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref>[http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/150197/aconcagua.html Aconcagua, the highest in the Western Hemisphere]</ref> The lowest point is [[Laguna del Carbón]] in [[Santa Cruz Province|Santa Cruz]], −105 meters (−344 feet) below sea level.<ref>[http://home.comcast.net/~igpl/Depressions.html Depressions] The The Lowest Surface Point on Each Continent</ref> This is also the lowest point on the South American [[continent]]. The geographic center of the country is located in south-central [[La Pampa Province|La Pampa]] province. The country has a territorial claim over a portion of [[Argentine Antarctica|Antarctica]], where it has maintaned a constant occupied presence for more than a [[Orcadas Base|century]], starting in 1904. ===Geographic regions=== The country is traditionally divided into several major geographically distinct regions: *Pampas: The plains west and south from [[Buenos Aires]] are some of the most fertile in the world. Called the Humid Pampa, they cover most of the provinces of [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]] and [[Córdoba Province (Argentina)|Córdoba]], and big portions of the provinces of [[Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe]] and [[La Pampa Province|La Pampa]]. The western part of [[La Pampa Province|La Pampa]] and the province [[San Luis Province|San Luis]] also have plains (the Dry Pampa), but they are drier and used mainly for grazing. The [[Sierra de Córdoba]] in the homonymous province (extending into San Luis), is the most important geographical feature of the pampas. *Gran Chaco: The [[Gran Chaco]] region in the north of the country is seasonal dry/wet, mainly cotton growing and livestock raising. It covers the provinces of [[Chaco Province|Chaco]] and [[Formosa Province|Formosa]]. It is dotted with subtropical forests, scrubland, and some wetlands, home to a large number of plant and animal species. The province of [[Santiago del Estero Province|Santiago del Estero]] lies in the drier region of the Gran Chaco. *Mesopotamia: The land between the [[Paraná River|Paraná]] and [[Uruguay River|Uruguay]] rivers is called [[Mesopotamia, Argentina|Mesopotamia]] and it is shared by the provinces of [[Corrientes Province|Corrientes]] and [[Entre Ríos Province|Entre Ríos]]. It features flatland apt for grazing and plant growing, and the [[Iberá Wetlands]] in central Corrientes. [[Misiones Province|Misiones]] province is more tropical and belongs within the [[Brazilian Highlands]] geographic feature. It features subtropical rainforests and the [[Iguazú Falls]]. *Patagonia: The [[steppe]]s of [[Patagonia]], in the provinces of [[Neuquén Province|Neuquén]], [[Río Negro Province|Río Negro]], [[Chubut Province|Chubut]] and [[Santa Cruz Province (Argentina)|Santa Cruz]], are of [[Tertiary]] origin. Most of the region is semiarid in the north to cold and arid in the far south, but forests grow in its western fringes which are dotted with several large lakes. [[Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)|Tierra del Fuego]] is cool and wet, moderated by oceanic influences. Northern Patagonia (roughly Río Negro south of the homonymous river, and Neuquén) can also be referred as the '''Comahue''' [[Comahue|region]] (not commonly in use). *Cuyo: West-central Argentina is dominated by the imposing [[Andes]] Mountains. To their east is the arid region known as [[Cuyo, Argentina|Cuyo]]. Melting waters from high in the mountains form the backbone of irrigated lowland oasis, at the center of a rich fruit and [[wine]] growing region in [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]] and [[San Juan Province (Argentina)|San Juan]] provinces. Further north the region gets hotter and drier with more geographical accidents in [[La Rioja Province (Argentina)|La Rioja]] province. *NOA or Noroeste: This region is the highest in average elevation. Several parallel mountain ranges, several of which have peaks higher than 20,000 feet, dominate the area. These ranges grow wider in geographic extent towards the north. They are cut by fertile river valleys, the most important being the [[Calchaquí Valleys]] in the provinces of [[Catamarca Province|Catamarca]], [[Tucumán Province|Tucumán]], and [[Salta Province|Salta]]. Farther north the province of [[Jujuy Province|Jujuy]] near [[Bolivia]] lies mainly within the [[Altiplano]] plateau of the Central Andes. The [[Tropic of Capricorn]] goes through the far north of the region. ===Rivers and lakes=== [[Image:Patagonia.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Espejo Lake, in Neuquén]] Major [[river]]s in Argentina include the [[Pilcomayo River|Pilcomayo]], [[Paraguay River|Paraguay]], [[Bermejo River|Bermejo]], [[Colorado River (Argentina)|Colorado]], [[Río Negro River (Argentina)|Río Negro]], [[Salado River|Salado]], [[Uruguay River|Uruguay]] and the largest river, the [[Paraná River|Paraná]]. The latter two flow together before meeting the [[Atlantic Ocean]], forming the estuary of the [[Río de la Plata]]. Regionally important rivers are the [[Atuel River|Atuel]] and [[Mendoza River|Mendoza]] in the homonymous province, the [[Chubut River|Chubut]] in Patagonia, the Río Grande in Jujuy, and the San Francisco River in Salta. There are several large [[lake]]s in Argentina, many of them in Patagonia. Among these are lakes [[Lake Argentino|Argentino]] and [[Lake Viedma|Viedma]] in Santa Cruz, [[Lake Nahuel Huapi|Nahuel Huapi]] in Río Negro and [[Lake Fagnano|Fagnano]] in Tierra del Fuego, and Colhué Huapi and Musters in Chubut. [[Lake Buenos Aires]] and [[O'Higgins/San Martín Lake]] are shared with Chile. [[Mar Chiquita, Córdoba]], is the largest salt water lake in the country. There are numerous [[reservoir (water)|reservoir]]s created by [[dam]]s. Argentina features various [[hot spring]]s, such as those at [[Termas de Río Hondo]] with temperatures between 30°C and 65°C.<ref>[http://www.liveargentina.com/SantiagodelEsteroRioHondo.htm About Termas de Río Hondo].</ref> ===Coastal areas and seas=== Argentina has 2,665 kilometers (1,656mi) of [[coastline]].<ref>[http://www.natlaw.com/pubs/sparcs1.htm Global Argentina]</ref> The continental platform is unusually wide; in Argentina this shallow area of the [[Atlantic]] [[Ocean]] is called [[Mar Argentino]]. The waters are rich in fisheries and suspected of holding important [[hydrocarbon]] energy resources. Argentina's coastline varies between areas of [[sand]] dunes and [[cliff]]s. The two major [[ocean current]]s affecting the coast are the warm [[Brazil Current]] and the cold [[Falkland Current]] (Spanish: ''corriente Antártica''). Because of the uneveness of the coastal landmass, the two currents alternate in their influence on climate and do not allow temperatures to fall evenly with higher latitude. The southern coast of [[Tierra del Fuego]] forms the north shore of the [[Drake Passage]]. ===Climate=== [[Image:Salta-VallesCalchaquies-P3140151.JPG|thumb|250px|Calchaquí Valleys in the province of Salta]] Because of longitudinal and elevation amplitudes, Argentina is subject to a variety of climates. As a rule, the [[climate]] is predominantly [[temperate climate|temperate]] with extremes ranging from [[subtropical climate|subtropical]] in the north to subpolar in the far south. The north of the country is characterized by very hot, humid summers with mild drier winters, and is subject to periodic droughts. Central Argentina has hot summers with thunderstorms (in western Argentina producing some of the world's largest [[hail]]), and cool winters. The southern regions have warm summers and cold winters with heavy [[snow]]fall, specially in moutainous zones. Higher elevations at all latitudes experience cooler conditions. The hottest and coldest [[temperature]] extremes recorded in [[South America]] have occurred in Argentina. A record high temperature of 48.8&nbsp;[[degree Celsius|°C]] (120&nbsp;[[degree Fahrenheit|°F]]), was recorded at Rivadavia, [[Salta Province|Salta]] on [[December 11]] [[1905]]. The lowest temperature recorded was &minus;32.7 °C (&minus;27&nbsp;°F) at Sarmiento, [[Chubut Province|Chubut]], June 1st, 1907.<ref>[http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation]</ref> Major winds in Argentina include the cool [[Pampero]] blowing on the flat plains of Patagonia and the ''Pampas'' after a [[cold front]]; the [[Viento Norte]], a warm wind that can blow from the north in mid and late winter creating mild conditions; and the [[Zonda wind|Zonda]], a hot and dry wind ([[Föhn wind|''see'' Föhn wind]]), affecting west-central Argentina. Squeezed of all moisture during the 6,000 meter descent from the Andes, Zonda winds can blow for hours with gusts up to 120 [[kilometre per hour|km/h]], fueling [[wildfire]]s and causing damage. When the Zonda blows (June-November), snowstorms and [[blizzard]] (''viento blanco'') conditions usually affect the higher elevations. The [[Sudestada]] (literally "southeaster") could be considered similar to the [[Noreaster]], though snowfall is rarely involved (but is not unprecedented). Both are associated with a deep winter low pressure system. The ''sudestada'' usually moderates cold temperatures but brings very heavy rains, rough seas, and coastal [[flood]]ing. It is most common in late [[autumn]] and [[winter]] along the coasts of central Argentina and in the Río de la Plata [[estuary]]. The southern regions, particularly the far south, experience long periods of daylight from November to February (up to 19 hours), and extended nights from May to August. All of Argentina uses [[UTC-3]] time zone. The country does not observe [[daylight savings]]. ===Extreme points=== Argentina's eastermost continental point is northeast of the town of [[Bernardo de Irigoyen, Misiones|Bernardo de Irigoyen]], [[Misiones Province|Misiones]] ({{coor dm|26|15|S|53|38|W|}}), the westernmost in the Mariano Moreno Range in [[Santa Cruz Province (Argentina)|Santa Cruz]] ({{coor dm|49|33|S|73|35|W|}}). The northermost point is located at the confluence of the Grande de San Juan and Mojinete rivers, [[Jujuy Province|Jujuy]] ({{coor dm|21|46|S|66|13|W|}}), and the southernmost is Cape San Pío in [[Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)|Tierra del Fuego]] ({{coor dm|55|03|S|66|31|W|}}).<ref>[http://www.hcdsc.gov.ar/biblioteca/ISES/geografiaargentina.asp Argentine topography, hydrography, and climate] Chamber of Deputies of the Province of Santa Cruz (Spanish)</ref> ===Enclaves and exclaves=== There is one Argentine [[exclave]], the [[Martín García Island]] (co-ordinates {{coor dm|34|11|S|58|15|W|}}). It is near the confluence of the Paraná and Uruguay rivers, a kilometre (0.62&nbsp;mi) inside [[Uruguay]]an waters, and 3.5 kilometres (2.1 mi) from the Uruguayan coastline near the small town of [[Martín Chico]] (itself halfway between [[Nueva Palmira]] and [[Colonia del Sacramento]]). An agreement reached by Argentina and Uruguay in 1973 reaffirmed Argentine jurisdiction over the island, ending a century-old dispute. Under the terms of the agreement, Martín García is to be devoted exclusively as a natural preserve. Its area is about 2 square kilometres (500&nbsp;[[acre]]s), and its population is about 200 people. ==Flora and fauna== ===Vegetation=== [[Image:Erythrina_crista-galli2.jpg|thumb|180px|right|[[Ceibo]] is Argentina's national flower]] Subtropical plants dominate the north, part of the [[Gran Chaco]] region of [[South America]]. The [[genus]] [[Dalbergia]] of trees is well disseminated with representatives like the ''brazilian jacaranda'' and the ''quebracho'' tree; also predominant are white and black ''algarrobo'' trees ([[prosopis alba]] and [[prosopis nigra]]). ''Savannah''-like areas exist in the drier regions nearer the [[Andes]]. Acquatic plants thrive in the wetlands dotting the region. In central Argentina the ''humid [[pampas]]'' are a true [[tallgrass prairie]] [[ecosystem]]. The original ''pampa'' had virtually no [[trees]]; today along roads or in towns and country estates (''estancias''), some imported species like the [[American sycamore]] or [[eucalyptus]] are present. The only tree-like plant native to the ''pampa'' is the [[ombu|ombú]], an evergreen. The surface soils of the ''pampa'' are a deep black color, primarily ''humus'', known commonly as [[compost]]. It is this which makes the region one of the most agriculturaly productive on [[Earth]]. However, this is also responsible for decimating much of the original ecosystem, to make way for commercial [[agriculture]]. The western ''pampas'' receive less rainfall, this ''dry pampa'' is a plain of short grasses or [[steppe]].<ref>[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinien#Flora_und_Fauna Flora und Fauna] Argentinien- Wikipedia Die Freie Enzyklopädie</ref> Most of [[Patagonia]] in the south lies within a ''rain shade'' of the [[Andes]]. The plantlife, shrubby bushes and plants, is well suited to widthstand dry conditions. The soil is hard and rocky making large-scale [[farming]] impossible except along [[river valleys]]. [[Coniferous]] forests grow in far western Patagonia and on the [[island]] of [[Tierra del Fuego]]. Conifers native to the region include [[Fitzroya|alerce]] (''Fitzroya cupressoides''), [[Austrocedrus|ciprés de la cordillera]] (''Austrocedrus chilensis''), [[Pilgerodendron|ciprés de las guaitecas]] (''Pilgerodendron uviferum''), [[Podocarpus nubigenus|huililahuán]] (''Podocarpus nubigenus''), [[Prumnopitys andina|lleuque]] (''Prumnopitys andina''), [[Saxegothaea|mañío hembra]] (''Saxegothaea conspicua''), and [[Araucaria araucana|pehuén]] (''Araucaria araucana''), while native broadleaf trees include several species of ''[[Nothofagus]]'' including coigüe or [[coihue]], [[Nothofagus pumilio|lenga]] (''Nothofagus pumilio''), [[ñire]] (''Nothofagus antarctica''). Other introduced trees present in [[forestry]] [[plantation]]s include [[spruce]], [[cypress]], and [[pine]]. Common plants are the [[Lapageria rosea|copihue]] and colihue (''[[Chusquea coleou]]'').<ref>[http://www.adventure-tours-south.com/flofau.htm] Animals in Argentina</ref> In [[Cuyo]], semiarid thorny bushes and other [[xerophile]] plants abound. Along the many river [[oasis]], grasses and trees grow in significant numbers. The area presents optimal conditions for the large scale growth of [[grape vine]]s. In the northwest of Argentina there are many species of [[cactus|cactii]]. In the highest elevations (often above 4,000mts), no vegetation grows due to the extreme altitude, and the soils are virtually devoid of any plant life. The ''ceibo'' flower (belonging to the tree [[Erythrina crista-galli]]), is the national flower of Argentina. ===Animal life=== Many species live in the subtropical north. Big cats like the [[jaguar]], [[puma]], and [[ocelot]]; primates ([[howler monkey]]); large reptiles ([[crocodiles]]), and a species of [[caiman]]. Other animals include the [[tapir]], [[capybara]], [[anteater]], [[ferret]], [[raccoon]], and various species of [[turtle]] and [[tortoise]]. There are many birds, notably [[hummingbirds]], [[flamingos]], [[toucans]], and [[parrots]].<ref>[http://www.geocities.com/fotosaves] Fotos de Animales Silvestres de Argentina</ref> [[Image:Condor flying over the Colca canyon in Peru.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The Condor in flight]] The central grasslands are populated by the [[armadillo]], [[pampas cat]], and the [[rhea (bird)|rhea]] (''ñandú''), a flightless bird. [[Hawks]], [[falcons]], [[herons]], [[partridges]] inhabit the region. There are also [[deer]] and [[foxes]]. Some of these species extend into [[Patagonia]].<ref>[http://www.geocities.com/fotosaves] Fotos de Animales Silvestres de Argentina</ref> The western mountains are home to different animals. These include the [[llama]], [[guanaco]], [[vicuna|vicuña]], among the most recognizable species of [[South America]]. Also in this region are the [[jackal]], [[andean cat]], and the largest flying bird in the New World, the [[condor]]. Southern Argentina is home to the [[Puma]], [[Huemul (zoology)|huemul]], [[pudú]] (the world's smallest deer), and [[wild boar]].<ref>[http://www.adventure-tours-south.com/flofau.htm] Animals in Argentina</ref> The coast of [[Patagonia]] is rich in animal life: [[elephant seals]], [[fur seals]], [[sea lions]], and species of [[penguin]]. The far south is populated by [[cormorant]] birds. The territorial waters of Argentina have abundant ocean life; mammals such as [[dolphins]], [[orca]]s, and whales like the southern [[right whale]], a major tourist draw for naturalists. Sea fish include [[sardines]], [[hake|argentine hakes]], [[pompano dolphinfish|dolphinfish]], [[salmon]], and [[sharks]]; also present are [[squid]] and [[spider crab]] (''centolla'') in [[Tierra del Fuego]]. Rivers and streams in Argentina have many species of [[trout]] and the South American [[Dourado (Salminus)|dorado]] fish.<ref>[http://www.fishing-arg.com.ar Fishing and Argentina] Dorado vs. Trouts</ref> Outstanding snake species inhabiting Argentina include [[boa constrictor]]s, and the very [[venomous]] ''yacará'' [[pit viper]] and south American [[rattle snake]]. The [[Hornero]] was elected the National Bird after a survey in 1928.<ref>[http://www.redargentina.com/Faunayflora/Aves/hornero.asp] Info about Hornero</ref> {{seealso|List of national parks of Argentina}} ==Economy== ===Recent developments=== [[Image:Pesosargentinos.jpg|thumb|200px|Current Argentine peso bills]] {{main|Economy of Argentina}} Argentina benefits from rich [[natural resource]]s, a highly [[literate]] population, an export-oriented [[agriculture|agricultural]] sector, and a diversified [[industry|industrial]] base. The country historically had a large middle class compared to other Latin American countries, but this segment of the population was decimated by a succession of economic crises. Today, while a significant segment of the population is still financially well-off, they stand in sharp contrast with millions who live in poverty or on the brink of it. Since 2002, there has been an improvement in the situation of the poorer sectors and a strong rebound of the middle class. Since the late 1970s, the country piled up public debt and was plagued by bouts of high [[inflation]]. In 1991, the government [[fixed exchange rate|pegged]] the peso to the [[United States dollar|U.S. dollar]] and limited the growth in the [[monetary base]]. The government then embarked on a path of [[free trade|trade liberalization]], [[deregulation]], and [[privatization]]. Inflation dropped and the [[gross domestic product]] grew, but external economic shocks and failures of the system diluted its benefits, causing it to crumble in slow motion, from 1995 and up to the [[Argentine economic crisis (1999-2002)|collapse in 2001]]. By 2002, Argentina had [[default (finance)|defaulted]] on its debt, its GDP had shrunk, [[unemployment]] was more than 25%, and the peso had [[depreciation (currency)|depreciated]] 75% after being [[devaluation|devalued]] and [[floating exchange rate|floated]]. However, careful spending control and heavy [[tax]]es on now-soaring exports gave the state the tools to regain resources and conduct [[monetary policy]]. [[Image:Buenos Aires-Puerto Madero-Hilton-River View.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Hilton Hotel to the right of River View Towers, Buenos Aires]] In 2003, [[import substitution]] policies and soaring [[export]]s coupled with lower inflation and expansive economic measures, triggered a surge in the GDP. It was repeated in 2004 and 2005, creating millions of jobs and encouraging internal consumption. [[Capital flight]] decreased, and [[foreign investment]] slowly returned. The influx of foreign currency from exports created a huge [[trade surplus]]. The Central Bank was forced to buy dollars from the market, and continues to do a various times today to be accumulated as [[reserve currency|reserves]]. It does this to prevent the argentine peso from appreciating significantly and cutting competitiveness. The situation by 2006 was further improved, the year is on track to match the large GDP growth of the last three (predictions are between 7.3 and 8.0%), though inflation, estimated at around 10 to 12%, has become an issue again, and [[income distribution]] is still considerably unequal.<ref>International Monetary Fund. [http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/pdf/c1.pdf Economic Prospects and Policy Issues] (PDF).</ref><ref>InfoBAE, 20 Sep 2006. [http://www.infobae.com/notas/nota.php?Idx=276924&IdxSeccion=100895 ''Para los bancos la Argentina seguirá creciendo en 2006Agregar a mis artículos''].</ref> In a variety of reports, internationals organizations criticize Argentina for remaining a somewhat closed economy. Even as the effects of the crisis have abated but not disappeared, Argentina remains one of the most developed countries in Latin America. It boasts the highest [[GDP per capita]] based on [[purchasing power parity]], and the 3rd highest in US$ (nominal) GDP. The country enjoys the highest levels of education measured by university attendance, and a reasonable infrastructure that in many aspects equals that found in fully industrialized nations. In 2002, 57,5% of the population was below the [[poverty]] line, but the last report of August 2006 showed a 31,4% poverty level. Similarly, unemployment was more than 25 percent, by July 2006 it was 10.2 percent. GDP per capita has surpassed the previous pre-recession peak of 1998 in PPP, but still lags in nominal GDP, mostly due to an undervalued currency. The economy grew 8.9 percent in 2003, 9.0 percent in 2004, and 9.2 percent in 2005. As of 2006 foreign debt stands at 68 percent of GDP and is slowly decreasing.<ref>*[http://www.gregpalast.com/detail.cfm?artid=96&row=2 Who Shot Argentina? The Finger Prints On the Smoking Gun Read 'I.M.F.', Greg Palast, Guardian (London) Sunday, August 12, 2001,)]</ref> ===Sectors=== [[Image:Buenos Aires-Puente de la Mujer.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Santiago Calatrava|Calatrava]]'s Women's Bridge in Puerto Madero]] In 2004, [[Agriculture|agricultural]] output accounted for 11% of [[GDP]], and one third of all exports. [[Soy]] and [[vegetable oils]] are major export [[commodity|commodities]] at 24% of exports. [[Wheat]], [[maize]], [[oats]], [[sorghum]], and [[sunflower seeds]] totalled 8%.<ref>[http://www.indec.gov.ar INDEC]</ref> [[Cattle]] is also a major industry. [[Beef]], [[milk]], [[leather]] products, and [[cheese]] were 6% of total exports.<ref>[http://www.indec.gov.ar INDEC]</ref> [[Sheep]] and [[wool]] industries are important in [[Patagonia]], [[pigs]] and [[caprine]]s elsewhere. [[Fruits]] and [[vegetables]] made up 3% of exports: [[apples]] and [[pears]] in the [[Río Negro (Argentina)|Río Negro]] valley; [[oranges]] and other [[citrus]] in the [[argentine Northwest|northwest]] and [[Mesopotamia, Argentina|mesopotamia]]; [[grapes]] and [[strawberries]] in [[Cuyo]], and [[berries]] in the far south. [[Cotton]] and [[yerba mate]] are major crops in the [[Gran Chaco]], [[sugarcane]] and [[tobacco]] in the northwest, and [[olives]] and [[garlic]] in Cuyo. [[Bananas]] ([[Formosa]]), [[tomatoes]] ([[Salta Province|Salta]]), and [[peaches]] (Mendoza) are grown for domestic consumption. Argentina is the world's 5th [[wine]] producer, and fine wine production has taken major leaps in quality. A growing export, total [[viticulture]] potential is far from met. [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]] is the largest wine region, followed by [[San Juan Province|San Juan]].<ref>[http://www.francoargentine.com/Espanol/PArg/vinos.htm La Franco Argentine](Spanish)</ref> Industrial [[petrochemicals]], [[petroleum|oil]], and [[natural gas]] are Argentina's 2nd group of exports, 20% of totals. The most important [[oil field]]s lie in [[Patagonia]] and [[Cuyo]]. An impressive network of [[pipeline transport|pipelines]] send raw product to [[Bahia Blanca]], center of the petrochemical industry, and to the [[La Plata, Argentina|La Plata]]-[[Rosario, Argentina|Rosario]] industrial belt. [[Coal]] is also mined. [[Mining]] is a rising industry. The [[Argentine Northwest|northwest]] and [[San Juan Province]] are main regions of activity. Metals mined include [[gold]], [[silver]], [[zinc]], [[magnesium]], [[copper]], [[sulfur]], [[tungsten]] and [[uranium]]. In only ten years exports soared from US$ 200 million to 1.2 billion in 2004, 3% of total..<ref> [http://www.inversiones.gov.ar/documentos/mineria.pdf Investing in Argentina: Mining]Economy Ministry of Argentina (Spanish)</ref> Estimates for 2006 are US$ 2bn, a 10 fold rise from 1996. In [[fisheries]], [[hake|argentine hake]] accounts for 50% of catches, [[pollack]] and [[squid]] follow. [[Forestry]] has expanded in [[Mesopotamia, Argentina|mesopotamia]]; [[elm]] for [[cellulose]], [[pine]] and [[eucalyptus]] for furniture, [[timber]] and [[paper]] products. Both sectors account for 2% of exports each. [[Image:Central vista externa en gris.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[Yaciretá Dam]] hydroelectric complex is the 2nd largest in the world]] [[Manufacturing]] is the nation's leading single sector in GDP output, with 35% of the share.<ref>[http://www.indec.gov.ar INDEC]</ref> Leading sectors are [[automobile|motor vehicle]]s, [[auto part]]s, and [[transportation]] and [[tractor|farming]] equipment (7% of exports), [[iron]] and [[steel]] (3%), [[food processing|foodstuffs]] and [[textiles]] (2%). Other manufactures include [[cement]], industrial [[chemicals]], [[major appliance|home appliances]], and processed [[wood]]. The biggest industrial centers are [[Buenos Aires]], Rosario and [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]]. The [[Services|service sector]] is the biggest contributor to total GDP. Argentina produces energy in large part through well developed [[hydroelectric]] resources; [[nuclear energy]] is also of high importance.<ref>[http://www.cnea.gov.ar/xxi/divulgacion/reactores/c_reactores_fii.html Themes in Nuclear Energy and Physics ]www.cnea.gov.ar</ref> The country is one of the largest producers and exporters (with [[Canada]] and [[Russia]]) of [[Cobalt-60]], a [[radioactive]] [[isotope]] widely used in [[cancer]] therapy. [[Telecommunications]] are extremely strong, with an important penetration of [[mobile telephony]] (75% of population)<ref> [http://www.clarin.com/diario/2006/02/01/elpais/p-01301.htm Explosive Growth: 3 of 4 Argentines hava a cell phone (01-02-2006)]Clarin.com Feb 1, 2006 (Spanish)</ref> and [[internet]] (30%),<ref>[http://www.universia.com.ar/portada/actualidad/noticia_actualidad.jsp?noticia=17186 10 million people online]www.universia.com.ar</ref> [[broadband]] services (3%) are expanding rapidly. Regular [[telephone]] (85% of households) and [[mail]] are robust. [[Construction]] has led employment creation in the current economic expansion, and is 5% of GDP. [[Tourism]] is increasingly important, now providing 7% of economic output. Argentines are travelling more within their borders, and foreign arrivals are flocking to a country seen as affordable, safe, and incredibly diverse: Cosmopolitan [[Buenos Aires]] and [[Rosario, Argentina|Rosario]], incomparable [[Iguazu Falls]] and colonial [[Salta, Argentina|Salta]]. From native amerindian [[Jujuy Province]] to fun filled [[Córdoba Province|Córdoba]], the [[wineries]] of [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]]; skiing in scenic [[Bariloche]] to the beaches of [[Pinamar]], and [[Perito Moreno Glacier]] to legendary [[Tierra del Fuego Province|Tierra del Fuego]]. 3.7 million tourists visited in 2005.<ref>[http://www.hostnews.com.ar/2006/prin/mar/020401.htm www.hostnews.com.ar]</ref> {{seealso|Tourism in Argentina}} ===Transportation=== [[Image:Puente Rosario-Victoria 2.jpg|thumb|200px|left|A cargo ship in front of the [[Rosario-Victoria Bridge]]]] Argentina's [[highway]] system is well developed and paved roads reach all corners of the country. There are nearly 640,000 kilometers of highways and roads. Multilane highways now connect several main cities and more are now under construction. The [[railway]] network was one of the largest in the world, at over 40,000 kilometers of tracks. In 1992 most passenger services shut down when the rail company was privatized, and thousands of kilometers of track are in disrepair. Currentely, railway services are being reactivated between several cities, along with upgrades in the system. A [[high-speed train]] project between Buenos Aires and Rosario is due to breakground in 2007. The country has around 3,000 kilometers of [[waterways]], most significant among these the [[Rio de la Plata]], [[Parana River|Parana]], [[Uruguay River|Uruguay]], and [[Paraguay River|Paraguay]] rivers. ==Population== ===Current figures=== The [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina]] (INDEC) 2001 [[census]] showed the population of Argentina was 36,260,130. It ranks 3rd in [[South America]] in total population and 30th globally. The 2005 estimate is for a population of 38,747,000. Argentina's [[population density]] is 14 people per square kilometer. However, the population is not evenly distributed: areas of the city of Buenos Aires have a population density of over 14,000/km², while Santa Cruz province has less than 1/km². Argentina is the only nation in Latin America with a net positive [[migration]] rate, of about +0.6 persons. ===Cities and metropolitan areas=== The 15 largest metropolitan areas of Argentina as of 2005 are as follows: [[Image:Bulevar Oroño 3.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Oroño Boulevard, Rosario]] [[Image:Córdoba-Argentina.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Córdoba is Argentina's 2nd largest city]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; margin-right:60px" |- ! Rank ! City ! Province ! Population ! Region |- |align=center | 01 ||align=left | [[Buenos Aires]] ||align=left|Buenos Aires [[Buenos Aires|city]] and [[Buenos Aires Province|province]] || 14,673,738 ||align=center | Pampean |- |align=center | 02 ||align=left | [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] ||align=left|[[Córdoba Province (Argentina)|Córdoba]] || 1,513,200 ||align=center | Pampean |- | align=center | 03 ||align=left | [[Rosario]] ||align=left|[[Santa Fé Province|Santa Fe]] || 1,295,100 ||align=center | Pampean |- | align=center | 04 ||align=left | [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] ||align=left|[[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]] || 1,009,100 ||align=center | Cuyo |- | align=center | 05 ||align=left | [[La Plata]] ||align=left|[[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]] || 857,800 ||align=center | Pampean |- | align=center | 06 ||align=left | [[Tucumán|San Miguel de Tucumán]] ||align=left|[[Tucumán Province|Tucumán]] || 833,100 ||align=center | NOA (northwest) |- | align=center | 07 ||align=left | [[Mar del Plata]] ||align=left|[[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]] || 699,600 ||align=center | Pampean |- | align=center | 08 ||align=left | [[Salta, Argentina|Salta]] ||align=left|[[Salta Province|Salta]] || 531,400 ||align=center | NOA (northwest) |- | align=center | 09 ||align=left | [[Santa Fe, Argentina|Santa Fe]] ||align=left|[[Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe]] || 524,300 ||align=center | Pampean |- | align=center | 10 ||align=left | [[San Juan, Argentina|San Juan]] ||align=left|[[San Juan Province|San Juan]] || 456,400 ||align=center | Cuyo |- | align=center | 11 ||align=left | [[Resistencia, Chaco|Resistencia]] ||align=left|[[Chaco Province|Chaco]] || 399,800 ||align=center | Gran Chaco |- | align=center | 12 ||align=left | [[Neuquén, Argentina|Neuquén]] ||align=left|[[Neuquén Province|Neuquén]] || 391,600 ||align=center | Patagonian |- | align=center | 13 ||align=left | [[Santiago del Estero]] ||align=left |[[Santiago del Estero Province|Santiago del Estero]] || 389,200 ||align=center | Gran Chaco |- | align=center | 14 ||align=left | [[Corrientes]] ||align=left|[[Corrientes Province|Corrientes]] || 332,400 ||align=center | Gran Chaco |- | align=center | 15 ||align=left | [[Bahía Blanca]] ||align=left|[[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]] || 310,200 ||align=center | Pampean |} ==Demographics== [[Image:Immigrant'squeens.JPG|thumb|left|250px|Queen and Princesses of the 2004 National Immigrants' Festival, Oberá, Misiones.]] <!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:DSC04986.JPG|thumb|right|180px|Argentinians enjoying a summer day, Buenos Aires.]] --> {{main|Demographics of Argentina}} More than any other Latin American country, Argentina's population is of European origin. Most of the population is made up of descendants of [[Spain|Spanish]], [[Italy|Italian]], and other European settlers. ===Europeans=== After the regimented Spanish colonists, waves of European [[immigration in Argentina|immigrants]] settled in Argentina from the late 19th to mid 20th centuries. Major contributors include [[Italy]] (notably [[Campania]], [[Piedmont]], [[Calabria]], [[Veneto]], [[Lombardy]]),<ref>[http://www.feditalia.org.ar/arg/federaciones/feditalia_org_fed_regionales.html Federaciones Regionales] www.feditalia.org.ar</ref> [[Spain]] (foremost among them ethnic [[Basques]], [[Galicians]], and [[Catalans]]), and [[France]] (mostly to Buenos Aires and Mendoza). Smaller but significant numbers of immigrants came from [[Germany]] and [[Switzerland]] (in the so-called Lakes Region of Patagonia; also Córdoba), [[Scandinavia]] ([[Denmark]] and [[Sweden]]), the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] (to Buenos Aires, Santa Fé, and Patagonia), and [[Portugal]]. Eastern Europeans were also numerous, from [[Poland]], [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], and [[Lithuania]], as well as [[Balkan]] nations ([[Croatia]], [[Romania]] and [[Serbia]], particularly in Chaco). There is a large [[Armenian]] community, and the patagonian Chubut Valley has a significant [[Wales|Welsh]]-descended population. The majority of Argentina's Jewish community (the largest in Latin America and fifth worldwide) derives from immigrants of north and eastern European origin ([[Ashkenazi Jews]]), and about 15-20% from [[Sephardic]] groups from Spain or [[Muslim]] nations. Many [[Syrians]] and [[Lebanese]] chose to emigrate to Argentina, which prior to [[1924]] were recorded as arrivals from the [[Ottoman Empire]]. ===Minorities=== The largest ethnic minority is the [[mestizo]] (European/Amerindian) population, specially in the northern provinces. Estimates range from 3 to 15%. In recent decades, especially during the 1990s, there has been an influx of immigrants from neighboring countries. Principally from [[Paraguay]], [[Bolivia]], and [[Peru]]. [[Image:GauchoArgen.jpg|thumb|250px|Argentine Gaucho]] Small but growing numbers of people from East Asia have also settled Argentina, mainly in Buenos Aires. The first Asian-Argentines were of [[Japan|Japanese]] descent, [[Korea|Koreans]], [[Vietnam|Vietnamese]], and [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] followed. The [[China|Chinese]] population alone has risen dramatically, now at over 60,000.<ref>[http://www.clarin.com/diario/2006/09/22/conexiones/t-01276347.htm Jóvenes Argenchinos] Clarin.com Sep 22, 2006</ref> Argentina is home to a significant [[refugee]] population from [[Laos]]. Argentina has a large Arab community, made up mostly of immigrants from [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]]. Many have gained prominent status in national business and politics, including former president [[Carlos Menem]], the son of Syrian settlers from the province of La Rioja. The officially recognized [[indigenous peoples of the Americas|indigenous]] population in the country, according to the [http://www.indec.mecon.ar/webcenso/ECPI/index_ecpi.asp 2005 Complementary Survey of Indigenous Peoples], stands at approximately 318,700 people (0.8 percent of the total population), who are either members or first-generation descendants of a recognized indigenous community. These parameters may imply an under-count, as most indigenous Argentines are no longer tribally affiliated; in some circumstances they have not been for several generations. {{see also|Welsh settlement in Argentina|Asian-Argentines|}} ===Illegal immigrants=== [[Illegal immigration]] has been a relatively important population factor in recent Argentine demographics. Most illegal immigrants come from [[Bolivia]] and [[Paraguay]], countries which border Argentina to the north. Smaller numbers arrive from [[Peru]], [[Ecuador]], [[Romania]], and [[China]]. The number of stowaways inside incoming ships from [[West Africa]] have increased in recent times. The Argentine government estimates 750,000 are undocumented and has launched a program called ''Patria Grande'' ("Greater Homeland"),<ref>[http://www.patriagrande.gov.ar ''Patria Grande'']</ref> to encourage illegal immigrants to regularize their status; so far some 200,000 applications have been processed under the program. Other unofficial estimates suggest that over one million people reside in Argentina illegally.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14640268/site/newsweek/%20. Making Room] Argentina's new immigration plan - Newsweek: International Editions (Sept. 11, 2006 issue)-- MSNBC.com </ref> ===Urbanization=== {{main|List of cities in Argentina}} [[Image:Tucumán-Casa-Gobierno-1.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Government house of Tucumán]] [[Image:Mar-del-plata.JPG|thumb|180px|right|Beach on the Atlantic Ocean, [[Mar del Plata]]]] Argentina's population is very highly urbanized. About 2.7 million people live in the autonomous city of [[Buenos Aires]], and 11.5 million in [[Gran Buenos Aires|Greater Buenos Aires]] (2001), making it one of the largest urban conglomerates in the world. Together with their respective [[metropolitan area]]s, the second- and third-largest cities in Argentina, [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] and [[Rosario]], comprise about 1.3 and 1.1 million inhabitants, respectively. Most European [[immigration in Argentina|immigrants to Argentina]] settled in the cities, which offered jobs, education, and other opportunities that enabled newcomers to enter the [[middle class]]. Many also settled in the growing small towns along the expanding railway system. Since the 1930s, many rural workers have moved to the big cities. The 1990s saw many rural towns become [[ghost town]]s when train services ceased and local products manufactured on a small scale were replaced by massive amounts of cheap imported goods. Many slums (''[[villa miseria|villas miseria]]'') sprouted in the outskirts of the largest cities, inhabited by empoverished lower-class urban dwellers, migrants from smaller towns in the interior, and also a large number of immigrants from neighbouring countries that came during the time of the convertibility and did not leave after the 2001 crisis. <!-- to be filled in with middle class home data --> Argentina's urban areas have a European look, reflecting the influence of European settlers. Many cities are built in a Spanish-grid style around a main square called a ''plaza''. A cathedral and important government buildings often face the ''plaza''. The general layout of the cities is called a ''damero'', or checkerboard, since it is based on a pattern of square blocks, though modern developments sometimes depart from it (the city of La Plata, built at the end of the 19th century, is organized as a checkerboard plus diagonal avenues at fixed intervals). ==Culture== [[Image:Buenos_Aires-Center-P3050007.JPG|thumb|180px|European and modern styles in Buenos Aires]] {{main|Culture of Argentina}} Argentine culture has been primarily informed and influenced by its European roots. [[Buenos Aires]], considered by many its cultural capital, is often said to be the most European city in [[South America]], due both to the prevalence of people of European descent and to conscious imitation. The other big influence on the development of a national identity is the culture of the [[gauchos]] and their traditional country lifestyle of self-reliance. Finally, indigenous American traditions (like [[yerba mate|mate tea]] drinking) have been absorbed into the greater cultural realm. ===Literature=== {{main|Argentine literature}} Argentina has a rich history of world-renowned literature, including one of 20th century's most critically acclaimed writers, [[Jorge Luis Borges]]. The country has been a leader in Latin American literature since becoming a fully united entity in the 1850s, with a strong constitution and a defined nation-building plan. The struggle between the Unitarians (who favored a loose [[confederation]] of provinces based on rural conservatism) and the Federalists (pro-[[liberalism]] and advocates of a strong federal government that would encourage European immigration), set the tone for Argentine literature of the time. [[Image:Jose_Hernandez_Argentino.jpg|thumb|left|José Hernández was the author of the epic tale The Gaucho [[Martín Fierro]]]] The ideological divide between [[gaucho]] epic ''[[Martín Fierro]]'' by [[José Hernández]], and ''Facundo''<ref>e-libro.net. Free digital books. [http://www.e-libro.net/E-libro-viejo/gratis/facundo.pdf ''Facundo''].</ref> by [[Domingo Faustino Sarmiento]], is a great example. Hernández favored the pastoral lifestyle of early Argentina and vehemently opposed European immigration. Sarmiento wrote immigration was the only way to save Argentina from becoming subject to the rule of a small number of dictatorial ''[[caudillo]]'' families, arguing such immigrants would make Argentina more modern and enlightened to Western European thought, and therefore a more prosperous society. Argentine literature of that period was fiercely nationalist. It was followed by the [[modernist literature|modernist]] movement, which emerged in [[France]] in the late 19th century, and this period in turn was followed by vanguardism, with [[Ricardo Güiraldes]] as an important reference. [[Jorge Luis Borges]] is Argentina's most acclaimed writer. Borges found new ways of looking at the modern world in metaphor and philosophical debate, and his influence has extended to writers all over the globe. Borges is most famous for his works in short stories such as ''[[Ficciones]]'' and ''[[The Aleph]]''. Argentina has produced many more internationally noted writers, poets, and intellectuals: [[Juan Bautista Alberdi]], [[Roberto Arlt]], [[Enrique Banchs]], [[Adolfo Bioy Casares|Adolfo Bioy Cásares]], [[Eugenio Cambaceres]], [[Julio Cortazar|Julio Cortázar]], [[Esteban Echeverria]], [[Leopoldo Lugones]], [[Eduardo Mallea]], [[Ezequiel Martinez Estrada|Ezequiel Martínez Estrada]], [[Tomás Eloy Martínez]], [[Victoria Ocampo]], [[Manuel Puig]], [[Ernesto Sabato]], [[Osvaldo Soriano]], [[Alfonsina Storni]], and [[Maria Elena Walsh|María Elena Walsh]]. The one and only [[Quino]] (born ''Joaquin Salvador Lavado''), has entertained readers the world over, while dipping into the events of modern times, with soup-hating [[Mafalda]] and her [[comic strip]] gang. ===Film and theater=== [[Image:Buenos Aires-Av. 9 de julio.jpg|thumb|right|260px|The [[9 de Julio Avenue|Nueve de Julio Avenue]], the world's widest avenue. Its name honors Argentine Independence Day (July 9, 1816).]] Argentina is a major producer of [[motion pictures]]. The world's first animated films were made and released in Argentina, by cartoonist [[Quirino Cristiani]]. [[Cinema of Argentina|Argentine cinema]] enjoyed a 'golden age' in the 1930s through the 1950s with scores of productions, many now considered classics of Spanish-language film. More recent films have achieved worldwide recognition, such as ''[[The Official Story]]'', ''[[Nine Queens]]'', ''[[Man Facing Southeast]]'', ''[[Son of the Bride]]'', ''[[The Motorcycle Diaries]]'', or ''[[Iluminados por el Fuego]]''. Although rarely rivaling [[Hollywood]]-type movies in popularity, local films are released weekly and widely followed in Argentina and internationally. Even low-budget films have earned prizes in cinema festivals (such as [[Cannes]]). The city of [[Mar del Plata]] organizes its [[Mar del Plata Film Festival|own film festival]], while Buenos Aires has its [[Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema|independent cinema counterpart]]. The per capita number of screens is one of the highest in Latin America, and viewing per capita is the highest in the region. A new generation of Argentine directors has caught the attention of critics worldwide.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/4862388.stm About Gavin Esler's Argentina diary ]news.bbc.co.uk [[3 April]] 2006</ref> Buenos Aires is one of the great capitals of [[theater]]. Besides the ''Teatro Colón'' ([[Colon Theater]], one of the great [[opera houses]] of the world) with its caliber national and international program, ''Calle Corrientes'', or [[Corrientes Avenue]], is synonymous with the art. It is dubbed 'the street that never sleeps', and sometimes referred to as the [[Broadway]] of Buenos Aires.<ref name="Adams" >{{cite book |author=Adams, Fiona. |title=Culture Shock Argentina |publisher=Graphic Arts Center Publishing Company |location=Portland, OR |id=ISBN 1-55868-529-4 |year=2001}}</ref> Many great careers in acting, music, and film have begun in its many theaters. ''The Teatro General San Martín'' is one of the most prestigious along Calle Corrientes; the ''Teatro Nacional Cervantes'' is designated the national theater of Argentina. Another important theater is the ''Independencia'' in [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]]. Florencio Sanchez and [[Griselda Gambaro]] are famous argentine playwrights. [[Julio Bocca]] is one of the great [[ballet dancers]] of the modern era. ===Painting and sculpture=== [[Image:BQM Dia de Sol (1958).jpg|thumb|150px|left|'''Día de Sol''' (''Sunny Day'') by Benito Quinquela Martín. ([[1958]])]] Perhaps one of the most enigmatic figures of argentine culture is Oscar Agustín Alejandro Schulz Solari, ''aka'' [[Xul Solar]], whose watercolour syle and unorthodox painting media draws large crowds at museums worldwide; he also 'invented' two imaginary languages. The works of [[Candido Lopez]] (in [[Naïve art]] style), [[Emilio Pettoruti]] ([[cubist]]), [[Antonio Berni]] ([[neo-figurative]] style), [[Fernando Fader]], are appreciated internationally. [[Benito Quinquela Martín]] is considered to be the quintesennial 'port' painter, to which the city of [[Buenos Aires]] and particularly the working class and immigrant-bound [[La Boca]] neighborhood, was excellently suited for. [[Lucio Fontana]] and [[Leon Ferrari]] are acclaimed [[sculpture|scuptors]] and [[conceptual art|conceptual artists]]. ===Food and drink=== [[Image:Asado argentino.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Asado]] [[Cuisine of Argentina|Argentine food]] is influenced by cuisine from [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Germany]], [[France]] and other European countries, and many foods from those countries such as pasta, sausages, and desserts are common in the nation's diet. Argentina has a wide variety of staple foods, which include ''[[empanada]]s'', a stuffed pastry; ''[[locro]]'', a mixture of corn, beans, meat, bacon, onion, and gourd; and ''[[chorizo]]'', a meat-based spicy sausage. The Argentine barbecue, ''[[asado]]'', is one of the most famous in the world and includes various types of meats, among them ''chorizo'', [[sweetbread]], [[chitterlings]], and [[blood sausage]]. Being an important [[Argentine wine|wine]] producer, the yearly consumption is among the highest worldwide ([[Malbec]] has become a representative variety from Argentina). Also, a common custom among Argentines is drinking [[yerba Mate|mate]]. [[Dulce de Leche]] is a famous sweet caramel spread. ===Sports=== [[Image:La Bombonera.jpg|250px|thumb|left|The stadium for [[Boca Juniors]] football club, currently the team with the most international championships (16)]] Argentina is a world power in [[team sports]]. [[Football in Argentina|Football]] ([[Football (soccer)|soccer]]) is the most popular [[sport in Argentina]], where it is twice [[FIFA World Cup]] Champions and one-time Olympic Gold medalists (also 14 time [[Copa América]] winners). Yet the national sport of the country is [[pato]], played with a six-handle ball on horseback. Also popular are [[volleyball]] and [[basketball]]; a number of basketball players participate in the NBA and European leagues, and the national team won Olypmpic Gold in the Athens Olympics. Argentina has one of the top ranking teams in [[Rugby union in Argentina|rugby union]]. Argentine [[tennis]] is very competitive on the world stage, with dozens of players male and female in active tour. Other popular sports include [[field hockey]] (the top female sport), [[golf]], and sailing. Argentina has a number of highly-ranked [[polo]] players and the national squad has historically been the world's strongest. [[Cricket]] and [[baseball]] are played in a limited fashion.<ref>[http://www.consumosculturales.gov.ar/ About the culture]</ref> [[Motorsports]] are well represented in Argentina, with [[Turismo Carretera]] and [[TC 2000]] the most popular car racing formats. People all over the country enjoy the races, but its most fervently followed in small towns and rural Argentina, attracting a rather similar demographic as [[NASCAR]] of the [[United States]]. The [[Rally Argentina]] is part of the [[World Rally Championship]] (currently held in Córdoba Province). World famous Argentines in sport include [[football (soccer)|football]] superstar [[Diego Maradona]] and five time [[Formula 1]] champion [[Juan Manuel Fangio]]. Other great sporting figures are [[Alfredo Di Stéfano]], [[Amadeo Carrizo]] and [[Gabriel Batistuta]] in [[football (soccer)]]; [[Guillermo Vilas]], [[Gabriela Sabatini]], and [[David Nalbandian]] in [[tennis]]; [[Roberto DeVicenzo]] and [[Ángel Cabrera]] for [[golf]]; [[Manu Ginobili]] and [[Andres Nocioni]] in [[basketball]]; [[Luciana Aymar]] in [[field hockey]]; [[Agustin Pichot]] in [[rugby union]], [[boxing|boxers]] [[Pascual Pérez (boxing)|Pascual Pérez]] and [[Carlos Monzón]]; the [[Heguy Family]] of [[Polo]] players, and many more. {{seealso|List of Argentines}} ===Music=== {{main|Music of Argentina}} The major genres of popular music in Argentina are ''folclore'' ([[folk music]]), [[tango music|tango]], [[Argentine rock|rock]], ''tropical'' music ([[Argentine cumbia|cumbia]]), and [[dance music|dance]]-[[electronica]]. ''Tango'', the music ''and'' lyrics (often sung in a form of slang called [[lunfardo]]), is Argentina's musical symbol. The [[Milonga]] dance was a predecessor, slowly evolving into mordern ''tango''. By the 1930s, ''tango'' had changed from a dance focused music to one of lyric and poetry, with singers like [[Carlos Gardel]], [[Roberto Goyeneche]], [[Hugo del Carril]], [[Tita Merello]], and [[Edmundo Rivero]]. The golden age of ''tango'' (1930 to mid-1950s) mirrored that of [[Jazz]] and [[Swing]] in the [[United States]], featuring large orchestral groups too, like the bands of [[Osvaldo Pugliese]], [[Anibal Troilo]], [[Francisco Canaro]], and [[Juan D'Arienzo]]. After 1955 ''tango'' turned more intellectual and listener-oriented, led by [[Astor Piazzolla]]. Today tango has worldwide popularity, and the rise of ''neo-tango'' is a global phenomenon with groups like [[Tanghetto]], [[Bajofondo Tango Club|Bajofondo]] and [[Gotan Project]]. [[Argentine rock]] is the most popular music among youth. Arguably the most listened form of [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-language rock, its influence and success internationally owes to a rich, uninterrupted evolution. Bands such as [[Soda Stereo]] or [[Sumo (band)|Sumo]], and composers like [[Charly García]], [[Luis Alberto Spinetta]], and [[Fito Páez]] are referents of national culture. Mid 1960s [[Buenos Aires]] and [[Rosario]] were craddles of the music, and by 1970 argentine rock was established among middle class youth (see [[Almendra]], [[Sui Generis]], [[Pappo]], [[Crucis]]). [[Seru Giran]] bridged the gap into the 1980s, when Argentine bands became popular across Latin America and elsewhere ([[Enanitos Verdes]], [[Fabulosos Cadillacs]], [[Virus (Argentine band)|Virus]], [[Andres Calamaro]]). There are many sub-genres: underground, pop oriented, and some associated with the working class ([[La Renga]], [[Attaque 77]], [[Divididos]], [[Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota|Los Redonditos]]). Current popular bands include: [[Babasonicos]], [[Rata Blanca]], [[El Otro Yo]], [[Attaque 77]], [[Bersuit]], [[Los Piojos]], [[Intoxicados]], and [[Miranda!]]. "Tropical" music, a mixture of [[cumbia]], local folk, and [[Caribbean]] syles, made it to Buenos Aires with South American migrants. This along with [[Cuarteto]] ([[Córdoba Province|Córdoba]], where artist [[La Mona Jiménez]] has inmense popularity) and [[chamamé]] ([[Corrientes]]), gave rise to [[cumbia villera]]. The preferred musical style in the [[villa miseria]] (slums), its lyrics can parallel those of U.S. [[rap]] ([[poverty]], [[drugs]] and [[crime]]). Cumbia villera is increasingly accepted within the middle class, particularly bands with ties to [[football (soccer)|football]] idols (popular bands: ''Yerba Brava, Pibes Chorros, [http://www.gratisdamas.com.ar/ Damas Gratis], Nestor en Bloque''). [[Rodrigo Bueno]], simply known as ''Rodrigo'', was a surging [[cuarteto]] star until his untimely death in 2000. [[Buenos Aires]] has a major [[techno]] and [[electronica]] scene in Latin America, hosting a variety of events like local raves, the South American Music Conference, and [[Creamfields]] (which has the world record of 65,000 people). European [[disk jockey|DJs]] tour Buenos Aires to perform at clubs or in festivals. The city has its own form of [[house music]], and is home to many successful electronic tango groups. Famous DJs from Argentina include [[Hernan Cattaneo]] and [[DJ Dero]]. [[Mar del Plata]] and [[Bariloche]] are other important dance and club-oriented cities. [[European classical music]] is well represented in Argentina. Buenos Aires is home to the world-renowned [[Colón Theater]]. Classical musicians, such as [[Martha Argerich]], [[Lalo Schiffrin]], [[Daniel Barenboim]], Eduardo Alonso-Crespo, and classical composers like [[Alberto Ginastera]] are internationally acclaimed. All major cities in Argentina have impressive theaters or opera houses, and provincial or city orchestras. Argentine folk music is uniquely vast. Beyond dozens of regional dances, a national folk style emerged in the 1930s. [[Juan Peron|Perón]]'s Argentina would give rise to [[nueva cancion|Nueva Canción]], as artists began expressing in their music objections to political themes. [[Atahualpa Yupanqui]], the greatest argentine [[folk musician]], and [[Mercedes Sosa]] would be defining figures in shaping Nueva Canción, gaining worldwide popularity in the process. The style found a huge reception in [[Chile]], where it took off in the 1970s and went on to influence the entirety of [[Latin America]]n music.<ref>[http://www.myfavouritemusic.info/tovar42303030303938594c50.html Music: 'El Derecho de vivir en paz'] from http://www.msu.edu/~chapmanb/jara/enueva.html</ref> Today, [[Chango Spasiuk]] and [[Soledad Pastorutti]] have brought folk back to younger generations. [[Leon Gieco]]'s ''folk-rock'' bridged the gap between [[music of Argentina|argentine folklore]]''and'' [[argentine rock]], introducing both styles to millions overseas in successive tours. Other notable musicians include [[Gato Barbieri]] with his seductive [[saxophone]] and [[free jazz]] compositions, and [[Jaime Torres]] and his spacious [[andean music]]. ===Religion=== [[Image:Catedral de Córdoba, Argentina.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Cathedral of Córdoba (Argentina)|Cathedral of Córdoba]] (dating back to the 17th century).]] {{main|Religion in Argentina}} Argentinians are predominantly religious. Around 80% declare themselves [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] according to different surveys, though most are not practising; the Church estimates an affiliation of 70%.<ref>Marita Carballo. ''Valores culturales al cambio del milenio'' (ISBN 950-794-064-2). [http://www.lanacion.com.ar/702434 Cited] in [[La Nación]], [[8 May]] 2005.</ref><ref>U.S. Department of State. [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71446.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2006].</ref> Catholicism is supported by the state and endorsed in the [[Constitution of Argentina|Constitution]]. [[Protestantism|Evangelical]] churches have gained a foothold in Argentina since the 1980s, and their followers now number more than 3.5 million, about 10% of the total population. Members of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (Mormons) number over 330,300, the seventh-largest concentration in the world.<ref>[http://www.lds.org.ar/noticias2005/noti_ene2005/info_noti_ene2005_05.htm Number of Mormons in Argentina]</ref> Traditional [[Protestant]] communities are also present. The country also hosts the largest [[Judaism|Jewish]] population in [[Latin America]], about 2 percent of the population.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ar.html#People Number of Jews in Argentina]</ref> It is also home to one of the largest [[mosque]]s in Latin America, serving Argentina's [[Islam|Muslim]] community, estimated at 500,000–600,000 (93% [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]). {{seealso|State-Church relations in Argentina}} ===Language=== [[Image:Cartelvosbsas.JPG|thumb|right|180px|A film poster in Buenos Aires. The title exemplifies the phenomenon of ''[[voseo]]''.]] The only national official language of Argentina is [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (which the Argentines call "Castellano" or [[Castilian]]), though the Amerindian language [[Guaraní]] also holds official status in the province of [[Corrientes Province|Corrientes]]. [[Quechua]] is spoken in [[Santiago del Estero]] province. Some immigrants and indigenous communities have retained their [[List of Native American languages in Argentina|original languages]]. For example, Patagonia has many [[Welsh language|Welsh]]-speaking towns, and there are a number of [[German language|German]]-speaking neighborhoods in Córdoba, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires and again in Patagonia. Italian, English and French are widely spoken, and other languages such as Japanese, Chinese, Korean and Russian are easily found in Buenos Aires. [[Aymara language|Aymara]] is spoken by members of the Bolivian community who migrated to Argentina from remote rural areas in [[Bolivia]]. Argentines are the only large [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking society that universally employ what is known as ''[[voseo]]'' (the use of the [[pronoun]] ''vos'' instead of ''tú'', which occasions the use of alternate verb forms as well). The most prevalent dialect is [[Rioplatense Spanish|Rioplatense]], whose speakers are primarily located in the basin of the [[Río de la Plata]]. A phonetic study conducted by the Laboratory for Sensory Investigations of [[CONICET]] and the University of Toronto showed that the accent of the inhabitants of Buenos Aires (known as [[Porteño]]s) is closer to the Neapolitan dialect of Italian than any other spoken language. This immigration of Italians had a profound influence on [[Lunfardo]], the famous slang spoken in Buenos Aires and elsewhere in the Río de la Plata region, permeating the vernacular vocabulary of other regions as well. {{seealso|List of indigenous languages in Argentina}} ===Education=== After independence, Argentina rapidly constructed a national [[public education]] system in comparison to other nations, placing the country high up in the rankings of global [[literacy]]. Today the country has a literacy rate of 97.5%, comparable to developed nations. [[Image:Delantales blancos 2.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The ubiquitous white uniform of Argentine school children; it is a national symbol of learning]] School attendance is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 14. The Argentine school system consists of a primary or lower school level lasting six or seven years, and a secondary or high school level of between 3-5 years. In the 1990s, the system was split into different types of high school instruction, called ''Educacion Secundaria'' and the ''Polimodal''. Some provinces adopted the ''Polimodal'' while others did not. There is a project in the Executive to repeal this measure and return to a more classic secondary level system of five years.<ref> [http://www.clarin.com/diario/2006/07/20/sociedad/s-03901.htm La Iglesia salió a defender la ley de Educación que el Gobierno quiere modificar] Clarin.com Jul 20, 2006 (Spanish)</ref> President [[Domingo Faustino Sarmiento]] is overwhelmingly credited in pushing and implementing a free, modern education system in Argentina. Education is free at all levels except for [[graduate studies]]. There are many private school institutions in the primary, secondary and university levels. Around 11.1 million people were enrolled in formal education of some kind: * 9,551,728 people attended either kindergarten, primary (lower school), or secondary (high school) establishements * 494,461 people attended non-university level establishements (such as training or technical schools) * 1,125,257 people attended colleges or universities<ref> [http://www.indec.gov.ar INDEC] 2001 Census Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (Spanish)</ref> There are 35 public [[universities]] across the Argentine Republic. The Universities of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, La Plata, UTN (Technology University) , and Cuyo (Mendoza), are among the most important. Terciary (university) attendance is very high for global standards. Public universities faced cutbacks in spending during the 1980s and 1990s, which led to a decline in overall quality. ===Holidays=== {{main|Public holidays in Argentina}} Public holidays include most of the Catholic holidays, though holidays of other faiths are respected. The main historic holidays include the anniversaries of the [[May Revolution]] (May 25), the [[Argentine Declaration of Independence|Independence Day]] (July 9), [[Flag of Argentina|National Flag]] day (June 20), and the death of national hero [[José de San Martín]] (August 17). ==Science and technology== Argentina has contributed to the world many distinguished doctors, scientists, and inventors. [[Image:Luis Federico Leloir - young.jpg|thumb|right|Luis Federico Leloir won the [[Nobel Prize]] for Chemistry in 1970]] Argentines have been responsible for major breakthroughs in world [[medicine]]. [[René Favaloro]] developed the tecniques and performed the world's first ever coronary [[bypass surgery]], and [[Francisco de Pedro]] invented a more reliable artificial [[cardiac pacemaker]]. [[Bernardo Houssay]] discovered the role of [[pituitary gland|pituitary hormones]] in regulating [[glucose]] in animals; [[César Milstein]] did extensive research in [[antibody|antibodies]]; [[Luis Leloir]] discovered how organisms store energy coverting glucose into [[glycogen]], and the compounds which are fundamental in [[metabolism|metabolizing]] [[carbohydrate]]s. [[Luis Agote]] performed one of the first two [[blood transfusion]]s with pre-stored blood in history. [[Enrique Finochietto]] designed operating table tools such as the surgical scissors that bear his name ("Finochietto scissors"), and a rib-spreader.<ref>[http://www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/372127 Enrique Finochietto]</ref> [[Roberto Zaldivar|Roberto Zaldívar]] is a pioneer in laser-eye procedures and research. Argentine research has led to advancement in wound-healing therapies, [[heart disease]], and in several forms of [[cancer]]. Argentina's [[Nuclear power|nuclear program]] is highly advanced. Argentina developed its nuclear program without being overly dependent on foreign technology. Nuclear facilities with Argentine technology have been built in [[Peru]], [[Algeria]], [[Australia]], and [[Egypt]]. In 1983, the country admitted having the capability of producing weapon-grade [[uranium]], a major step to assemble [[nuclear weapon]]s. Since then Argentina has pledged to use nuclear power only for peaceful purposes.<ref>[http://www.ceip.org/programs/npp/nppargn.htm Argentina] Non-Proliferation</ref> In other areas, [[Juan Vucetich]] is the father of modern dactiloscopy<ref>Julia Rodríguez, Columbia University. [http://www.trincoll.edu/events/diaspora/sympapers.htm The Argentine Fingerprint System].</ref> (see [[fingerprint]]), Raúl Pateras de Pescara demonstrated the world's first flight of a [[helicopter]], Hungarian-Argentine [[László Bíró]] mass-produced the first modern [[ball point pen]]s, and Eduardo Taurozzi developed the more efficient pendular combustion engine.<ref>[http://www.argentinaahora.com/extranjero/ingles/bot_servicios/infoutil/infonews_.asp?id_noticia=930 Argentine Talent Without Frontiers]</ref> [[Juan Maldacena]] is a leading figure in [[quantum theory]]. ==Communications== ===Print=== The printed media in Argentina is highly developed and independent. There are over 200 [[newspapers]] in the country, influencial in their home cities and regions. The major national newspapers are from Buenos Aires, including the centrist [[Clarín (newspaper)|Clarín]], the best selling daily in the Spanish speaking world. Other national papers are [[La Nación]] (center-right), [[Página/12]] (center-left), [[Ámbito Financiero]] (business conservative), Argentinisches Tagleblatt in German, Le Monde Diplomatique in Spanish and French and [[Crónica (newspaper)|Crónica]] (populist). Regional papers of importance include [[La Capital]] ([[Rosario]]), [[Los Andes (newspaper)|Los Andes]] ([[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]]), [[La Voz del Interior]] ([[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]]), and [[El Tribuno]] ([[Salta]]). The [[Buenos Aires Herald]] is a well-respected English language daily. The Argentine [[publishing]] industry is with those in [[Spain]] and [[Mexico]] the most important in the Spanish-speaking world. Argentina features the largest [[bookstore]] chains in Latin America, the ''[[El Ateneo]]'' and ''[[Yenny (bookstore)|Yenny]]'' bookstores; numerous well-stocked independent stores abound. A number carry titles in English and other languages. There are hundreds of [[magazine]] publications covering a plethora of issues and hobbies, which are sold in kiosks on city sidewalks and in bookstores. ===Radio and television=== Argentina was a pioneering nation in [[radio]] broadcasting. At 9 PM on [[August 27]], [[1920]], ''Sociedad Radio Argentina'' announced: ''"We now bring to your homes a live performance of [[Richard Wagner]]'s Parsifal opera from the [[Coliseo Theater]] in downtown Buenos Aires"''; only about twenty homes in the city had a receiver to tune in. The world's first radio station was the only one in the country until 1922, when ''Radio Cultura'' went on the air. By 1925, there were twelve stations in Buenos Aires and ten in other cities. The 1930s were the "golden age" of radio in Argentina, with live variety, news, soap opera, and sport shows.<ref>[http://www.swl.net/patepluma/south/misc/argendx.html Radio With a Past in Argentina] Don Moore</ref> At present there are more than 1,500 radio stations licensed in Argentina; 260 are [[AM broadcasting]] and 1150 [[FM broadcasting]].{{citation needed}} Radio remains an important medium in Argentina. Music and youth variety programs dominate FM formats; news, debate, and sports are AM radio's primary broadcasts. [[Amateur radio]] is widespread in the country. Radio still serves a vital service of information, entertainment and even life saving in the most remote communities. The Argentine [[television]] industry is large and diverse, widely viewed in Latin America, and its productions seen around the world. Many local programs are broadcast by networks in other countries, and others have their rights purchased by foreign producers for adaptations in their own markets. Argentina has five major networks (in order of ratings: [[Telefé]], [[Canal 13 (Argentina)|Canal 13]], [[Canal 9 (Argentina)|Canal 9]], [[América 2]], and [[Canal 7 Argentina]]). All provincial capitals and other large cities have at least one local station. Argentina boasts the highest penetration of cable and satellite television in Latin America, similar to percentages in [[North America]].<ref>[http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/tilan/statistics/cable_table.html Homes with Cable TV in Latin America] Trends in Latin American networking</ref> Many cable networks operate from Argentina and serve the Spanish-speaking world, including [[Utilísima Satelital]], [[Torneos y Competencias|TyC Sports]], [[Fox Sports en Español]] (with the United States and México), MTV Argentina, Cosmopolitan TV, and the news network Todo Noticias. ===Trivia on Argentina=== * Argentina was the first independent [[nation state]] in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]. * The [[Universidad Nacional de Córdoba]] is the second oldest university in [[South America]]. * Five different Argentines have won the [[Nobel Prize]] (for Chemistry, Medicine and Peace) * The city of [[La Plata, Argentina|La Plata]] was the first in Latin America with electric street illumination. * The Buenos Aires [[Buenos Aires Metro|Subway]] was the first built in the Southern Hemisphere. * The city of [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] is one of the eight wine capitals of the world. * Argentines have the highest consumption in the world of [[red meat]]. * The first person to be born on the continent of [[Antarctica]] was [[Emilio Palma]], an [[Argentine]] citizen, at [[Esperanza Base]]. == See also == {{Argentine Wikiportal}} <!-- section with alphabetical order --> * [[Communications in Argentina]] * [[Education in Argentina]] * [[Elections in Argentina]] * [[Foreign relations of Argentina]] * [[Military of Argentina]] * [[National parks of Argentina]] * [[Sport in Argentina]] * [[Tourism in Argentina]] * [[Transport in Argentina]] ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references/> <!-- section with alphabetical order --> :*{{factbook}} 2000 :*[http://www.csjn.gov.ar Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina] {{es icon}} :*[http://www.presidencia.gov.ar Presidency of Argentina] {{es icon}} :*[http://www.cancilleria.gov.ar/ ''Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto''] - Official website of the Argentine Ministry of Foreign Relations, International Trade and Worship. {{es icon}} :*[http://www.resdal.org/producciones-miembros/art-flemes4.html The Special Relationship between Argentina and Brazil] :*[http://www.argentina-rree.com/historia_indice00.htm ''Historia de las Relaciones Exteriores Argentinas''. History of Argentine foreign relations.] {{es icon}} :*[http://www.argentinaworld.com.ar/ Information about Argentine provinces] {{es icon}} :*[http://www.todo-argentina.net/Geografia/provincias/index.htm Provincias Argentinas] {{es icon}} </div> ==External links== {{sisterlinks|Argentina}} ===Government=== * {{es icon}} {{en icon}} [http://www.argentina.gov.ar Argentina.gov.ar] - Official national portal *{{es icon}} [http://www.info.gov.ar Gobierno Electrónico] - Official government website *{{es icon}} [http://www.presidencia.gov.ar Presidencia de la Nación] - Official presidential website *{{es icon}} [http://www.senado.gov.ar Honorable Senado de la Nación] - Official senatorial website *{{es icon}} [http://www.diputados.gov.ar Honorable Cámara de Diputados de la Nación] - Official lower house website *{{es icon}} [http://www.turismo.gov.ar Secretaría de Turismo de la Nación] - Official tourism board website ===Directories=== *{{en icon}} [http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/hispanic/argentina/argentina.html Library of Congress] *{{en icon}} [http://dmoz.org/Regional/South_America/Argentina Open Directory Project] *{{en icon}} [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Argentina Encyclopaedia Britannica - Argentina's Country Page] *{{en icon}} {{CIA_World_Factbook_link|ar|Argentina}} ===News=== *{{es icon}} [http://www.telam.com.ar Télam] (official news agency). *{{es icon}} [http://www.dyn.com.ar/ Agencia Diarios y Noticias] (DyN, news agency). *{{es icon}} [http://news.google.com/news?ned=es_ar Google News Argentina]. * For links to online newspapers, see ''[[List of newspapers in Argentina]]''. </div> {{Provinces of Argentina}} {{South America}} {{UN Security Council}} {{G15}} [[ru-sib:Аргентина]] [[Category:Argentina| ]] [[Category:South American countries]] [[Category:Spanish-speaking countries]] [[Category:1816 establishments]] [[Category:G15 nations]] {{Link FA|af}} {{Link FA|de}} [[af:Argentinië]] [[ar:الأرجنتين]] [[an:Archentina]] [[frp:Argentena]] [[ast:Arxentina]] [[bn:আর্জেন্টিনা]] [[zh-min-nan:Argentina]] [[be:Аргентына]] [[bs:Argentina]] [[br:Arc'hantina]] [[bg:Аржентина]] [[ca:Argentina]] [[cs:Argentina]] [[cy:Ariannin]] [[da:Argentina]] [[pdc:Artschenti]] [[de:Argentinien]] [[et:Argentina]] [[el:Αργεντινή]] [[es:Argentina]] [[eo:Argentino]] [[eu:Argentina]] [[fa:آرژانتین]] [[fr:Argentine]] [[fur:Argjentine]] [[gd:Argentina]] [[gl:Arxentina - Argentina]] [[ko:아르헨티나]] [[hy:Արգենտինա]] [[hi:अर्जेन्टीना]] [[hr:Argentina]] [[io:Arjentinia]] [[ilo:Argentina]] [[id:Argentina]] [[ia:Argentina]] [[is:Argentína]] [[it:Argentina]] [[he:ארגנטינה]] [[kn:ಅರ್ಜೆಂಟೀನ]] [[ka:არგენტინა]] [[kw:Arghantina]] [[ht:Ajantin]] [[ku:Arjantîn]] [[la:Argentina]] [[lv:Argentīna]] [[lb:Argentinien]] [[lt:Argentina]] [[li:Argentinië]] [[jbo:getygu'e]] [[hu:Argentína]] [[mk:Аргентина]] [[ms:Argentina]] [[nah:Arxentitlān]] [[na:Argentina]] [[nl:Argentinië]] [[ja:アルゼンチン]] [[no:Argentina]] [[nn:Argentina]] [[oc:Argentina]] [[ug:ئارگېنتىنا]] [[pam:Argentina]] [[ps:ارجنټاين]] [[km:អារហ្សង់ទីន]] [[nds:Argentinien]] [[pl:Argentyna]] [[pms:Argentin-a]] [[pt:Argentina]] [[ro:Argentina]] [[rm:Argentina]] [[qu:Arhintina]] [[ru:Аргентина]] [[se:Argentína]] [[sa:अर्जन्टीना]] [[sq:Argjentina]] [[scn:Argintina]] [[simple:Argentina]] [[sk:Argentína]] [[sl:Argentina]] [[sr:Аргентина]] [[fi:Argentiina]] [[sv:Argentina]] [[tl:Arhentina]] [[ta:அர்ஜென்டினா]] [[tet:Arjentina]] [[th:ประเทศอาร์เจนตินา]] [[vi:Argentina]] [[tr:Arjantin]] [[uk:Аргентина]] [[ur:آرجنٹین]] [[vo:Largäntän]] [[fiu-vro:Argentina]] [[yi:ארגענטינע]] [[bat-smg:Argentina]] [[zh:阿根廷]] 529 1336 2006-10-24T06:53:31Z 130.54.12.243 Say laylay, flag ed [[Salitan English]]. 530 1337 2006-10-24T06:55:48Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox_Country |native_name = <small>República Bolivariana de Venezuela¹<small> |conventional_long_name = <small>Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela¹<small> |common_name =Venezuela |image_flag = Flag of Venezuela (state).svg |image_coat =Venezuela coat of arms.png<!--The coat of arms in Venezuela has been amended on March 12, 2006. The horse is now galopping to the left. [http://www.mci.gob.ve/temasdehoy2.asp?id=146]--> |symbol_type =Coat of Arms |image_map =LocationVenezuela.png |national_motto =''None'' ² |national_anthem =''[[Gloria al Bravo Pueblo]]'' |official_languages =[[Spanish language|Spanish]] ³ |capital = [[Caracas]] |latd=10 |latm=30 |latNS=N |longd=66 |longm=58 |longEW=W |largest_city = [[Caracas]] |government_type = [[Federal republic]] |leader_title1 =[[President of Venezuela|President]] |leader_name1 =[[Hugo Chávez|Hugo Chávez Frías]] |leader_title2 = [[Vice president]] |leader_name2 = [[José Vicente Rangel]] |area_rank = 33rd |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area=916,445 |areami²=353,841 |percent_water =0.3 |population_estimate = 26,749,000 |population_estimate_rank = 43rd |population_estimate_year = July 2005 |population_census = 23,054,210 |population_census_year = 2001 |population_density =29 |population_densitymi² =75 |population_density_rank =175th |GDP_PPP = $163.503 billion <!--IMF--> |GDP_PPP_rank =51st |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $6,186 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 95th |sovereignty_type = [[Independence]] |established_event1 = From [[Spain]] |established_event2 = From [[Gran Colombia]] |established_event3 = Recognised |established_date1 = [[July 5]], [[1811]] |established_date2 = [[November 21]], [[1831]] |established_date3 = [[March 30]], [[1845]] |HDI = 0.772 |HDI_rank =75th |HDI_year =2003 |HDI_category =<font color="#FFCC00">medium</font> |currency = [[Venezuelan bolívar]] |currency_code =VEB |country_code = |time_zone = [[Atlantic Standard Time Zone|AST]] |utc_offset = -4 |time_zone_DST = None |utc_offset_DST = |cctld =[[.ve]] |calling_code =58 |IPA]]:}} {{IPA|[ˌvɛnɪˈzweɪlə]}}; {{lang-es|Venezuela}}, IPA: {{IPA|[beneˈswela]}}) is a country on the northern [[tropics|tropical]] [[Caribbean Sea|Caribbean]] coast of [[South America]]. Venezuela borders [[Brazil]] to the south, [[Guyana]] to the east, and [[Colombia]] to the west. North of the Venezuelan coast lie the islands of [[Aruba]], the [[Netherlands Antilles]], and [[Trinidad and Tobago]]. A former [[Spanish colony]], Venezuela is a [[federal republic]]. Historically, Venezuela has had territorial disputes with [[Guyana]], largely concerning the [[Essequibo]] area, and with Colombia concerning the Gulf of Venezuela. Today, Venezuela is known widely for its [[petroleum]] industry, the [[biodiversity|environmental diversity]] of its territory, and its sheer natural beauty. [[Christopher Columbus]] was so enthralled by Venezuela's landscape, when arriving to its coast in [[1498]], that he referred to the land as '''''Tierra de Gracia''''' (''Land of Grace''), which has become the country’s nickname. ==Origin of name== [[Image:palafito.jpg|left|thumb|190px|A palafito, like the ones seen by Amerigo Vespucci]] The name ''Venezuela'' is believed to have originated from the cartographer [[Amerigo Vespucci]] who, together with Alonso de Ojeda, led a [[1499]] naval expedition along the northwestern coast (known today as the [[Gulf of Venezuela]]). On reaching the [[Guajira Peninsula]], the crew observed the distinctive stilt villages (''[[palafitos]]'') that the indigenous Añu people had built over the water. This reminded Vespucci of the city of [[Venice]] ("Venezia" in Italian) and as a result the region was named ''Veneziela''; some argue this meant ''Little Venice'' and later evolved to "Venezuela". Other historians (notably Francisco Herrera Luque), noted that the suffix ''-zuela'' usually has a pejorative meaning in the Spanish language (''mujerzuela'', ''cazuela'', etc.) and sustain the thesis that the name implied more the notion of a second-rate Venice. On the other hand, the Spanish geographer Martín Fernández de Enciso, a member of the same crew, says in his work ''Summa de Geografía'' that the aforementioned population was called ''Veneciuela'', and that it was built on a large, plain rock. According to this theory, the name ''Venezuela'' could be a native word. Nevertheless, the first account remains by far the most popular and accepted version of the origin of the country's name. ==History of colonization== {{main|History of Venezuela}} [[Image:Simón Bolívar.jpg|thumb|left|[[Simón Bolívar]], ''El Libertador'']] Venezuela was [[colonization|colonized]] by [[Spain]] in [[1522]]. In what is now the head of Cumaná, [[Spain]] established their first permanent [[South America|South American]] settlement, and most of the territory eventually became part of the [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]]. Parts of what is now eastern Venezuela became [[New Andalusia]]. After several unsuccessful uprisings, the country declared independence from Spain on [[July 5th]] [[1811]] under the leadership of [[Francisco de Miranda]], a Venezuelan who was a marshal in the French Revolution. Nevertheless, full control over Venezuelan territory was achieved after Simón Bolívar, El Libertador, with the help of General [[José Antonio Páez]] and especially the then General [[marshal|Grand Marshall]] [[Antonio José de Sucre]], whose battle plan Bolívar chose to follow, won the [[Battle of Carabobo]] on [[June 24th]] [[1821]], and after [[José Prudencio Padilla]] won the [[Naval Battle of Lake Maracaibo]] on [[July 24th]] [[1823]]. [[Image:Castillo Santa Rosa 01.jpg|thumb|right|290px|The ''castillo Santa Rosa'' was a Spanish colonial fort used to defend [[Isla Margarita|Margarita Island]] from [[pirates]] and foreign invadors]] New Granada's congress gave Bolívar control of the Granadian army, he then led several countries to freedom and created a new republic called Colombia (also known as Great or Greater Colombia to differentiate it from the Republic of Colombia) consisting of what are now [[Colombia]], [[Panama]], [[Ecuador]] and Venezuela. He then led the army towards the south, liberating [[Peru]] and founding [[Bolivia]] (named after the Libertador, formerly a part of Peru, known as 'Alto Peru') from the Spaniards. [[Antonio José de Sucre]], who won many battles for Bolívar, was to become his natural successor, until he was murdered in Berruecos. Venezuela became, after the war of independence, along with Colombia and Ecuador, part of the [[Republic of Gran Colombia]] (''República de Gran Colombia'') until [[1830]], when the country separated through a rebellion led by [[José Antonio P]] and declared itself a sovereign [[republic]]. Páez became the first president of Venezuela. Much of Venezuela's [[19th century|19th]]- and early [[20th century|20th-century]] history was characterized by political instability, political struggle and [[dictator]]ial rule.<ref name="LOC_2005_2-3">{{Harv|Library of Congress|2005|pp=2-3}}.</ref> Following the death of [[Juan Vicente Gómez]] in [[1935]] and the temporary demise of ''caudillismo'' (authoritarian rule), democratic struggles eventually forced the military to withdraw from direct involvement in national politics in [[1958]]. Since that year, Venezuela has enjoyed an unbroken tradition of democratic civilian rule, though even this has not been without conflict. Venezuela is member of the [[South American Community of Nations]] ([[SACN]]). ''[[History of Venezuela|(more)]]'' ''See also:'' [[Discoverer of the Americas]], [[President of Venezuela|List of Presidents of Venezuela]] ==Government and politics== <!--Please add new information into relevant articles of the series--> {{morepolitics|country=Venezuela}} [[Image:National assembly building Caracas Venezuela.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The National Assembly Building in downtown [[Caracas]].]] The [[President of Venezuela|Venezuelan president]] is elected by vote, with direct and [[universal suffrage]], and functions as both [[head of state]] and [[head of government]]. The term of office is six years, and a president may be re-elected to a single consecutive term. The president appoints the vice-president and decides the size and composition of the [[cabinet]] and makes appointments to it with the involvement of the legislature. The president can ask the legislature to reconsider portions of laws he finds objectionable, but a simple parliamentary majority can override these objections. The [[unicameral]] Venezuelan [[parliament]] is the [[National Assembly of Venezuela|National Assembly]] or ''Asamblea Nacional''. Its 167 deputies, of which three are reserved for indigenous peoples, serve five-year terms and may be re-elected for a maximum of two additional terms. They are elected by popular vote through a combination of party lists and single member constituencies. The highest [[judiciary|judicial]] body is the [[Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Venezuela)|Supreme Tribunal of Justice]] or ''Tribunal Supremo de Justicia'', whose magistrates are elected by parliament for a single 12-year term. The [[National Electoral Council (Venezuela)|National Electoral Council]] (''Consejo Nacional Electoral'', or ''CNE'') is in charge of electoral processes; it is formed by five main directors elected by the National Assembly. Venezuela abolished the [[capital punishment|death penalty]] in [[1863]], making it the country where this practice has been outlawed the longest.<ref>Amnesty International USA. [http://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish/abret2.html Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries.] Retrieved 19 August 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0777460.html The Death Penalty Worldwide.] InfoPlease. Retrieved 19 August 2006.</ref> {{seealso|Current political events of Venezuela}} ===New flag and new coat of arms=== Recent political change has resulted in the [[flag of Venezuela]] being changed by the addition of an eighth star, symbolizing the Guayana's contributions to the independence of the nation. The [[coat of arms]] has been changed, with the horse facing to the left. ==Administrative divisions== ===States=== {{main|States of Venezuela}} Venezuela is divided into 23 states (''estados''), a [[Venezuelan Capital District|capital district]] (''distrito capital'') correspondent to the city of [[Caracas]], the federal dependencies (''dependencias federales'') and Guayana Esequiba (border dispute/Guyana). Venezuela is further subdivided into 335 [[municipality|municipalities]] (''municipios''), and further subdivided into 1,084 [[parish]]es (''parroquias''). [[Image:Estados_de_Venezuela.jpg|thumb|right|315px|Political Map of Venezuela]] The [[States of Venezuela|states]] (with capitals in parentheses) include: <table><td><ol> <li>[[Amazonas State, Venezuela|Amazonas]] ([[Puerto Ayacucho]]) <li>[[Anzoátegui]] ([[Barcelona, Venezuela|Barcelona]]) <li>[[Apure (state)|Apure]] ([[San Fernando de Apure]]) <li>[[Aragua (state)|Aragua]] ([[Maracay]]) <li>[[Barinas (state)|Barinas]] ([[Barinas, Venezuela|Barinas]]) <li>[[Bolívar (state)|Bolívar]] ([[Ciudad Bolívar]]) <li>[[Carabobo]] ([[Valencia, Venezuela|Valencia]]) <li>[[Cojedes (state)|Cojedes]] ([[San Carlos, Cojedes|San Carlos]]) <li>[[Delta Amacuro]] ([[Tucupita]]) <li>[[Falcón (state)|Falcón]] ([[Coro]]) <li>[[Guárico (state)|Guárico]] ([[San Juan De Los Morros]]) <li>[[Lara (state)|Lara]] ([[Barquisimeto]]) </td></ol><td><ol start=13> <li>[[Mérida State|Mérida]] ([[Mérida, Venezuela|Mérida]]) <li>[[Miranda (state)|Miranda]] ([[Los Teques]]) <li>[[Monagas (state)|Monagas]] ([[Maturín]]) <li>[[Nueva Esparta]] ([[La Asunción]]) <li>[[Portuguesa (state)|Portuguesa]] ([[Guanare]]) <li>[[Sucre (state)|Sucre]] ([[Cumaná]]) <li>[[Táchira (state)|Táchira]] ([[San Cristóbal, Táchira|San Cristóbal]]) <li>[[Trujillo (state)|Trujillo]] ([[Trujillo, Venezuela|Trujillo]]) <li>[[Yaracuy]] ([[San Felipe, Venezuela|San Felipe]]) <li>[[Vargas (state)|Vargas]] ([[La Guaira]]) <li>[[Zulia]] ([[Maracaibo]]) <li>[[Venezuelan Federal Dependencies|Federal Dependencies]] </td></ol></table> ''Note: The [[Venezuelan Federal Dependencies]] are not a real state, but a special territorial subdivision.'' ===Regions=== {{main|Regions of Venezuela}} [[Image:Venezuela regiones administrativas.png|right|315px|thumb|Administrative regions.]] The [[States of Venezuela|states]] are grouped into nine administrative regions (''regiones administrativas''), which were established by presidential [[decree]]. The [[Regions of Venezuela|regions]] are listed below along with the states: '''Andean''' - [[Barinas (state)|Barinas]], [[Mérida (state)|Mérida]], [[Táchira]], [[Trujillo (state)|Trujillo]]; Páez Municipality of [[Apure]]. '''Capital''' - [[Miranda (state)|Miranda]], [[Vargas (state)|Vargas]], [[Venezuelan Capital District|Capital District (Caracas)]]. '''Central''' - [[Aragua (state)|Aragua]], [[Carabobo]], [[Cojedes (state)|Cojedes]]. '''Central-Western''' - [[Falcón]], [[Lara (state)|Lara]], [[Portuguesa (state)|Portuguesa]], [[Yaracuy]]. '''Guayana''' - [[Bolívar (state)|Bolívar]], [[Amazonas (Venezuelan State)|Amazonas]], [[Delta Amacuro]]. '''Insular''' - [[Nueva Esparta]], [[Federal Dependencies]]. '''Llanos''' - [[Apure]] (excluding Paez Municipality), [[Guárico]]. '''North-Eastern''' - [[Anzoátegui]], [[Monagas]], [[Sucre (state)|Sucre]]. '''Zulian''' - [[Zulia]]. ==Geography== {{main|Geography of Venezuela}} At 352,121 [[square miles|mi²]] (912,050 [[square kilometre|km²]]),<ref> CIA Factbook.[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html Venezuela.] Accessed 20 September 2006.</ref> Venezuela is the world's 33rd-largest country (after [[Nigeria]]). It is comparable in size to [[Namibia]], and is about half the size of the US state of [[Alaska]]. [[Image:La Galera.jpg|thumb|right|200px|La Galera beach, [[Nueva Esparta]]]] Venezuela is home to a wide variety of landscapes, such as the north-easternmost extensions of the [[Andes]] mountains in the northwest and along the northern [[Caribbean Sea|Caribbean]] coast, of which the highest point is the [[Pico Bolívar]] at 4,981 metres (16,341&nbsp;[[foot (unit of length)|ft]]). [[Image:Angel falls.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The [[Angel Falls]] (''Salto Ángel''), world's highest waterfall]] The center of the country is characterized by extensive plains known as the ''[[llanos]]'' that stretch from the Colombian border to the [[river delta]] of the [[Orinoco]] east. To the south are found the dissected [[Guiana|Guiana Highlands]], home to [[Angel Falls]], the world's highest [[waterfall]], <ref> Angel Falls. (2006). In ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved July 28, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9007543 </ref> and the northern edge of [[Amazon Basin|Amazonia]]. Venezuela's forests are being depleted at the rate of about 200,000 hectares per annum through logging and [[shifting cultivation]][http://www.mongabay.com/deforestation.htm]. The country can also be divided into nine geographical areas, some corresponding to the natural regions, one being the [[Andes]] Range. The [[Lake Maracaibo]] region comprises the lowlands near the [[Gulf of Venezuela]]. The [[Coro System]], a mountainous block in the northern occidental territory, is the fount of several [[sierra]]s and valleys. The [[Central Range, Venezuela|Central Range]] is tied up with the coast and the hills surrounding [[Caracas]], while the [[Eastern Range]], separated from the Central by the [[Gulf of Cariaco]], covers all of [[Sucre State]] and northern [[Monagas State|Monagas]]. The [[Llanos]] Region involves a third part of the country's area, above the [[Orinoco River]]. Under it, is the [[South Orinoco Region]] (the Guianas, above described). The [[Insular Region (geographical)|Insular Region]] is formed by [[Nueva Esparta]] and the [[Federal Dependencies]]. The last geographical region is the [[Deltaic System]] which forms a pantanous triangle, covering [[Delta Amacuro]], with the Atlantic platform branching off the coast. [[Image:Humboldt-peak.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Pico Humboldt|Humboldt Peak]], [[Mérida State|Mérida]].]] The [[Orinoco River]] is the largest and most important river of the country, originating one of the biggest [[drainage basin|watershed]]s in Latin America. Other important rivers are the [[Caroní River (Venezuela)|Caroní]] and the [[Apure River|Apure]]. The local [[climate]] is tropical and generally hot and humid, though moderate and cold in the highlands. The capital, [[Caracas]] is also the country's largest city. Other major cities include [[Maracaibo]], [[Barquisimeto]], [[Valencia, Venezuela|Valencia]], [[Maracay]], and [[Ciudad Guayana]]. Venezuela is one of the seventeen [[megadiverse countries]], for the great number of animal and vegetable species that habitate there. ==Economy== {{main|Economy of Venezuela}} [[Image:Billete 50000 bolívares anverso.jpg|300px|thumb|Venezuelan 50,000 bolívares banknote]] The petroleum sector dominates the economy, accounting for roughly a third of Venezuela's [[GDP]], around 80% of export earnings, and more than half of government revenues. The oil sector operates through the government-owned [[Petroleos de Venezuela]] (PDVSA), which among other things owns the US-based distributor [[CITGO]], with more than 14,000 retail gasoline outlets in the United States under its brand. Venezuela also depends highly on the agricultural sector. Sectors with major potential for export-led growth are production of both [[coffee]] and [[cocoa]] crops. At one time, Venezuela ranked close to Colombia in coffee production, but in the [[1960s]] and [[1970s|70s]], as petroleum temporarily turned Venezuela into the richest country in South America, coffee was relegated to the economic back burner. Today, Venezuela produces less than one percent of the world's coffee and most of it is drunk by the Venezuelans themselves. However, some interesting Venezuelan coffees are again entering the North American specialty market. Venezuela's cocoa industry has decayed since the days of Spanish colonialism, when African slaves toiled in these sweltering, snake-infested estates. The focus of cocoa cultivation has long since moved to tropical West Africa and Venezuela now grows under one per cent of the world crop. However, in recent years there has been an attempt to resuscitate this industry, as its rare variety of [[cacao]] is considered the finest and most aromatic in the world and is used in certain single origin chocolates. The largest company of fine chocolate in Venezuela is [[El Rey Chocolates|El Rey]], though such companies as Chocovic also sell chocolate with Venezuelan cacao. Venezuela is one of the five founding members of [[OPEC]]. The idea itself (an international oil cartel) was the initiative of [[Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo]], who proposed it as a response to low domestic and international oil prices in August [[1960]]. Since [[December 2005]], Venezuela has been a member of [[Mercosur]], joining with [[Brazil]], [[Argentina]], [[Paraguay]] and [[Uruguay]], although it has yet to finalize policy changes in order to gain voting rights. {{see also|List of Venezuelan companies}} ==Demographics== [[Image:Altamira.JPG|250px|thumb|[[Caracas]], the capital city of Venezuela]] {{main|Demographics of Venezuela}} A recent study on racial groups showed that 60% of the population are mestizo (mixed race between white, black and indian), 29% caucasian, 8% black, 1% native indian and 2% asian (China, Japan, Vietnam and Korea). The Venezuelan people comprise a combination of heritages.{{cn}} The historically present [[Amerindian]]s, [[Spain|Spanish]] colonists and imported [[African]] slaves were joined by [[Italy|Italians]], [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[Arab]]s, [[ethnic German|Germans]], and others from neighbouring countries in [[South America]] during waves of immigration in the 20th century. There are also various communities from eastern Europe such as Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Bulgaria, Croatia and Hungary. There are also communties from [[China]] and [[Vietnam]]. About 85% of the population live in urban areas in the northern portion of the country. While almost half of Venezuela's land area lies south of the [[Orinoco]] river, this region contains only 5% of the population. The national and official language is [[Spanish language|Spanish]], but about 31 other indigenous languages also exist ([[Wayuu]], [[Pemon]], [[Warao]], [[Kariña]], [[Yanomami]], [[Guajibo]], etc), as do languages introduced by immigrants. 96% of the population is at least nominally [[Roman Catholic]]. Around 4% of the population adheres to other faiths. {{see also|List of cities in Venezuela}} ==Public health== [[Infant mortality]] in Venezuela stands at 21.54 deaths per 1000 births, for comparison this rate is almost eight times higher than [[Sweden]]. Child [[malnutrition]] (for children under age five) stands at about 17 percent of the population classified as stunted or wasted, which are the official [[United Nations]] categories for malnutrition. Areas more affected by the stunting and wasting include some of the poorest populations: [[Delta Amacuro State|Amacuro Delta]] (30%) and [[Amazonas (Venezuelan state)|Amazonas]] (24%).<ref> FAO.org [http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/nutrition/ven-e.stm Venezuela.] Accessed 20 September 2006.</ref> According to the [[United Nations]], the fraction of population without adequate sanitation is 32 percent, with a majority of people in many rural areas lacking in this basic commodity.<ref>Unicef. [http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/venezuela_statistics.html Venezuela.] Accessed 20 September 2006.</ref> Travellers to Venezuela are advised to obtain vaccinations for a variety of diseases including [[typhoid]], [[yellow fever]], [[cholera]], [[hepatitis A]], [[hepatitis B]] and [[hepatitis D]].<ref> [http://travel.guardian.co.uk/countries/information/0,,818577,00.html Venezuela] Guardian. Accessed 20 September 2006.</ref> In a cholera epidemic of contemporary times in the [[Orinoco]] Delta, Venezuela's political leaders were accused of [[racial profiling]] of their own indigeneous people to deflect blame from the country's institutions, thereby aggravating the epidemic.<ref>http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=62-0520230310-2</ref>. Visitors to Venezuela are advised to drink only bottled water, due to the prevalence of cross contamination of [[drinking water]] with untreated [[sewage]]. In Venezuela only three percent of the sewage receives treatment, and none of the following major cities have any wastewater treatment: [[Caracas]], [[Maracaibo]] and [[Valencia]]<ref>''Appropriate Technology for Sewage Pollution Control in the Wider [[Caribbean]] Region'', Caribbean Environment Programme Technical Report #40 1998 availble online at http://www.cep.unep.org/pubs/Techreports/tr40en/chapter5.html</ref>. There are approximately 5,000,000 people in Venezuela living without access to safe [[drinking water]], resulting in a percentage of population ranking of Venezuela among the poorest in [[South America]].<ref> UNICEF. [http://www.unicef.org/specialsession/about/sgreport-pdf/03_SafeDrinkingWater_D7341Insert_English.pdf Safe Drinking Water.] Accessed 20 September 2006.</ref> As of the year 1999 there were an estimated 110,000 people in Venezuela living with [[HIV]].<ref>http://www.indexmundi.com/venezuela/hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids.html</ref> <ref>''CIA World Factbook'', Accessed 20 September, 2006</ref> ==Military== {{main|Military of Venezuela}} ==Culture & heritage== [[Image:Joropo.jpg|thumb|200px|Venezuelan Joropo. Drawing by [[Eloy Palacios]] (1912)]] {{main|Culture of Venezuela|Heritage of Venezuela}} Venezuela's [[heritage]], [[art]] and cultural importance is primarily found within the collective [[cultural identity|identity]] of its people. In a larger context, the key elements of Venezuelan society have also been shaped and impacted by the historical evolutions of its [[Latin American]] counterparts. Venezuela's heritage may be defined in its inherited circumstances and benefits. Venezuelan heritage extends to its historic buildings, architecture<ref>{{cite web | url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/658 | title=Coro and its Port | publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | year=1993}}</ref> and art<ref>{{cite web | title=Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas | url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/986 | year=2000 | publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>, its landscape, boundaries and place within Latin America, and finally its monuments and items considered worthy of preservation. Hence, Venezuelan heritage is naturally connected and related to its culture, as culture defines a nation's intellectual and artistic endeavors. Through the collective customs, beliefs, practices and expressions of its people, a [[cultural identity]] is achieved. Together, Venezuelan heritage, art and [[culture]] represent the historic and contemporary elements of its society. Venezuelan culture comes from a variety of heritages, mainly of the [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous populations]], [[Spanish people|Spanish]] and [[African]] provenance, dating from the [[Colony|Colonial Period]]. Before this period, indigenous cultural manifestations were expressed in art ([[petroglyph]]s), [[craft]]s, architecture (''[[shabono]]s'') and social organization. Aboriginal culture was subsequently assimilated by [[Spaniards]]; over the years, the [[hybrid]] culture had diversified by region. [[Image:Dia Virgen del Valle 01.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Worship of the Virgin of the Valley, [[Isla Margarita]]]] [[Art of Venezuela|Venezuelan art]] is gaining attention within and outside the country. First dominated by religious motives, in the late [[19th century]] it changed to historical and heroic representations, led by [[Martín Tovar y Tovar]]. Modernism took over in the [[20th century]]. Some remarkable Venezuelan artists include [[Arturo Michelena]], [[Cristóbal Rojas]], [[Armando Reverón]], [[Manuel Cabré]], [[Jesús-Rafael Soto]], [[Carlos Cruz-Diez]] (who both contributed greatly to [[kinetic art]]) and [[Yucef Merhi]]. <!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:DiablosDanzantesYare.jpg|thumb|left|Image of a traditional public [[performance]] by the ''[[Diablos Danzantes de Yare]]'' (''Dancing Devils of Yare'')]] --> [[Venezuelan literature]] began developing soon after the [[Spanish conquest]], and it was dominated by [[Spanish culture]] and thinking. Following the rise of political literature during the [[Venezuelan War of Independence|Independence War]], then came [[Romanticism]], the first important genre in the region, whose great exponent was [[Juan Vicente González]]. Although mainly focused on [[narrative]], poets also figure with great importance, [[Andrés Eloy Blanco]] being the most famous of them, and also [[Fermín Toro]]. Major writers and novelists are [[Rómulo Gallegos]], [[Teresa de la Parra]], [[Arturo Uslar Pietri]], [[Adriano González León]], [[Miguel Otero Silva]] and [[Mariano Picón Salas]]. Another great poet and humanist was [[Andrés Bello]], besides being an educator and an intellectual. Other philosophers and intellectuals, like [[Laureano Vallenilla Lanz]] and [[José Gil Fortoul]], along with many other writers, sustained the theory of [[Venezuelan positivism]]. The great architect of the Venezuelan Modern era was [[Carlos Raúl Villanueva]], who designed and built the [[Central University of Venezuela|Universidad Central de Venezuela]], ([[World Heritage Site]]) and its [[Aula Magna]]. Venezuelan architectural examples are the [[Capitolio(Venezuela)|Capitol]], the [[Baralt Theatre]], the [[Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex]], and the [[General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge]]. Indigenous musical styles are sort of a crucible of Venezuelan cultural inheritances, most exemplified by groups like [[Un Solo Pueblo]] and [[Serenata Guayanesa]]. The national musical instrument is the [[cuatro]]. The typical or representative musical styles are mainly from the [[llanos]] area and its surroundings, such as ''[[Alma Llanera]]'' (by [[Pedro Elías Gutiérrez]] and [[Rafael Bolivar Coronado]]), ''[[Florentino y el Diablo]]'' (by [[Alberto Arvelo Torrealba]]), ''Concierto en la llanura'' by [[Juan Vicente Torrealba]], and ''[[Caballo Viejo]]'' (by [[Simón Díaz]]). The [[Gaita (music style)]] is also a popular style, played generally during Christmas, typical of the [[Zulia]]n region. The national dance is the ''[[joropo]]''. [[Teresa Carreño]] was a world famous piano [[virtuoso|virtuosa]] during the late [[19th century]]. Venezuela is also known for their world famous baseball players, such as [[Luis Aparicio]], who is in the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] in [[Cooperstown, New York]] (USA), [[Dave Concepción|David Concepción]], [[Ozzie Guillén|Oswaldo Guillén]], [[Andrés Galarraga]], [[Omar Vizquel]], [[Luis Sojo]], [[Bobby Abreu]], and [[Johan Santana]], winner of the [[Cy Young Award]] in [[2004]]. Although [[baseball]] is tremendously popular (it's the national pastime), [[football (soccer)]] is also gaining popularity, due to the increasing performance of the [[Venezuela national football team]]. {{see also|Music of Venezuela|Cuisine of Venezuela|Venezuelan Spanish|List of Venezuelans|List of players from Venezuela in Major League Baseball}} ===Holidays=== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#eeeeee ! Date !! Local Name !! English Name !! Remarks |- | [[January 1]] | ''Día de Año Nuevo'' | [[New Year's Day]] | Beginning of the [[Civil Year]] |- | [[January 6]] | ''Día de Reyes'' | [[Epiphany (Christian)|Epiphany]] | [[Christian]] feast, the visit of the three [[Magi]] to [[Jesus]]. |- | Monday and Tuesday before [[Ash Wednesday]] | ''Carnaval'' | [[Carnival]] | - |- | From [[Palm Sunday]] to [[Easter]] | ''Semana Santa'' | [[Holy Week]] | Commemoration of the [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion]] and [[Resurrection]] of Christ. |- | [[March 19]] | ''Día de San José'' | [[Saint Joseph's Day]] | In honor of [[Saint Joseph]] |- | [[April 19]] | ''19 de abril'' | [[Venezuela's first effective move towards emancipation on April 19, 1810|Beginning of the Independence Movement]] | Remembering the [[1810]] coup and start of the [[Venezuelan Independence Movement|Venezuelan Independence]] |- | [[May 1]] | ''Día del Trabajador'' | [[Labour Day]] | - |- | [[June 24]] | ''Batalla de Carabobo'' | [[Battle of Carabobo]] | Ensurance of the Venezuelan Independence; tagged also as [[Army's Day]] |- | [[July 5]] | ''5 de julio'' | [[Independence Day (Venezuela)|Independence Day]] | Signing of the [[Venezuelan Declaration of Independence]] |- | [[July 24]] | ''Natalicio del Libertador'' | Birth of [[Simón Bolívar]] | Also tagged as [[Navy's Day]]. |- | [[August 3]] | '' Día de la Bandera'' | [[Flag Day]] | Previously, in Venezuela the [[Flag Day]] was celebrated in [[March 12]], until [[August 3]], [[2006]], in honor of the disembarkation of [[Francisco de Miranda]] in [[Santa Ana de Coro|La Vela de Coro]], [[1806]]. |- | [[October 12]] | ''Día de la Resistencia Indígena'' | [[Day of Indigenous Resistance]] | Previously, in Venezuela the holiday was called ''[[Día de la Raza]]'', conmemorating the arrival of [[Christopher Columbus]] to the [[Americas]]. |- | [[November 1]] | ''Día de Todos los Santos'' | [[All Saints Day]] | - |- | [[November 17]] to [[November 19]] | ''Feria de la Chinita'' | [[Feria of La Chinita]] | Only in the [[Zulia]]n region; celebrating the miracle of [[Our Lady of Rosario of Chiquinquirá]]. |- | [[December 8]] | ''Inmaculada Concepción'' | [[Immaculate Conception]] | Celebrating the preservance of [[Mary, the mother of Jesus]] from the [[original sin]] by the Grace of [[God]]. |- | [[December 24]] | ''Nochebuena'' | [[Christmas Eve]] | Birth of [[Jesus]] (''Divino Niño''). |- | [[December 31]] | ''Nochevieja'' | [[New Year's Eve]] | Final day of the [[Civil Year]] |} ==National symbols== [[Image:Araguaney.jpg|thumb|165px|Picture of an ''Araguaney'' flourishing.]] Venezuela's national symbols are the [[Flag of Venezuela|the Flag]], the [[Coat of Arms of Venezuela|Coat of Arms]], and the [[Gloria al Bravo Pueblo|National Anthem]].<ref>[http://www.embavenez-us.org/?pagina=kids.venezuela/patriotic.symbols.htm&titulo=Travel%20Advisory Patriotic Symbols] ''Venezuelan Embassy in the United States'' Accessed 22 August 2006.</ref> Since the [[Flora (plants)|flora]] and [[Fauna (animals)|fauna]] of the territory are remarkable, the government also officially declared these national symbols:<ref>[http://www.embavenez-us.org/kids.venezuela/natural.symbols.htm National Symbols] ''Venezuelan Embassy in the United States'' Accessed 22 August 2006.</ref> *The '''National Flower''' is the [[orchid]] ''(Cattleya mossiae)''. This kind of [[orchid]] is also known as ''Flor de Mayo'' (''May Flower''). It was first discovered in the northern land in [[1839]] and was given the status of [[National emblem|National Flower]] on [[23 May]] [[1951]]. *The '''National Tree''' is the ''[[Tabebuia|araguaney]]'' ''(Tabebuia chrysantha)''. Called ''aravanei'' by the ''[[caribes]]'', it can be found mostly in regions with temperate [[weather]]. It can reach a height between 6 and 12 m. The ''[[Tabebuia|araguaney]]'' flourishes within the period following a rainy season, mostly in the first months of the year. [[Rómulo Gallegos]] referred to these months as "''La primavera de oro de los araguaneyes''" (the golden spring of the ''araguaneyes''). Declared [[National emblem|National Tree]] on [[29 May]] [[1945]]. *The '''National Bird''' is the [[turpial]] ''(Icterus icterus)''. Fully coloured with yellow-orange tones except in the head and the wings, which are black with a few tones in white; also has a blue spot surrounding the eyes. It can be found in [[woods]], the ''[[llanos]]'', at the shores of [[jungles]], and in northern and southern [[Orinoco]]. The [[turpial]] is fairly appreciated due to its singing and was declared the [[National emblem|National Bird]] on [[23 May]] [[1958]]. <br clear="all"> ==See also== {{Topics related to Venezuela}} ==Notes== <div class="references-small"> <references/> </div> ==References== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} <div class="references-small"> * {{Harvard reference | Author = Encyclopaedia Britannica | Surname1 = EB | Year = 2006 | Title = Venezuela - Country Fact Page | Journal = Encyclopaedia Britannica Country Fact Page | URL = http://www.britannica.com/nations/Venezuela | Access-date = [[July 4]], [[2006]] }}. * {{Harvard reference | Author = Central Intelligence Agency | Surname1 = CIA | Year = 2005 | Title = Venezuela | Journal = The World Factbook 2005 | URL = https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ve.html | Access-date = [[January 22]], [[2006]] }}. * {{Harvard reference | Surname1 = Bevilacqua | Given1 = M | Surname2 = Cardenas | Given2 = L | Surname3 = Flores | Given3 = AL et al. | Year = 2002 | Title = State of Venezuela's forests: A case study of the Guayana Region | Journal = World Resources Institute | URL = http://pubs.wri.org/pubs_content_text.cfm?ContentID=1607 | Access-date = [[January 30]], [[2006]] }}. * {{Harvard reference | Surname1 = Dydynski | Given1 = K | Surname2 = Beech | Given2 = C | Year = 2004 | Title = Lonely Planet Venezuela | Publisher = Lonely Planet | ID = ISBN 1-74104-197-X | URL = http://books.google.com/books?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&vid=ISBN174104197X&id=JDdb1alDGYIC | Access-date = [[January 30]], [[2006]] }}. * {{Harvard reference | Author = Earth Trends | Surname1 = Earth Trends | Year = 2003 | Title = Biodiversity and Protected Areas &mdash; Venezuela | Journal = EarthTrends Country Profiles | URL = http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/bio_cou_862.pdf | Access-date = [[January 30]], [[2006]] }}. * {{Harvard reference | Author = Earth Trends | Surname1 = Earth Trends | Year = 2003b | Title = Coastal and Marine Ecosystems &mdash; Venezuela | Journal = EarthTrends Country Profiles | URL = http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/coa_cou_862.pdf | Access-date = [[January 30]], [[2006]] }}. * {{Harvard reference | Author = Earth Trends | Surname1 = Earth Trends | Year = 2003c | Title = Population, Health, and Human Well-Being &mdash; Venezuela | Journal = EarthTrends Country Profiles | URL = http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/pop_cou_862.pdf | Access-date = [[January 30]], [[2006]] }}. </div> {{col-2}} <div class="references-small"> * {{Harvard reference | Author = Library of Congress (Federal Research Division) | Surname1 = Library of Congress | Year = 2005 | Title = Country Profile: Venezuela | Journal = Library of Congress | URL = http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Venezuela.pdf | Access-date = [[January 30]], [[2006]] }}. * {{Harvard reference | Surname1 = Peck | Given1 = D | Year = 2000 | Title = The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance: Venezuela | Journal = The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands | URL = http://www.ramsar.org/profile/profiles_venezuela.htm | Access-date = [[January 22]], [[2006]] }}. * {{Harvard reference | Author = World Health Organization | Surname1 = World Health Organization | Year = 2004 | Title = Venezuela: 2004 Update | Journal = WHO Epidemiological Fact Sheets | URL = http://www.who.int/GlobalAtlas/predefinedReports/EFS2004/EFS_PDFs/EFS2004_VE.pdf | Access-date = [[January 30]], [[2006]] }}. * {{Harvard reference | Author = World Resources Institute | Surname1 = World Resources Institute | Year = 2006 | Title = Venezuela: Overview | Journal = Global Forest Watch | URL = http://www.globalforestwatch.org/english/venezuela/ | Access-date = [[January 30]], [[2006]] }}. </div> {{col-end}} *Child, Jack. "The Politics and Semiotics of the Smallest Icons of Popular Culture: Latin American Postage Stamps." Latin American Research Review, 40:1 (2005) 108-137. ==External links== {{portalpar|Venezuela|Angel falls.jpg|52px}} {{sisterlinks|Venezuela}} ;Official * {{es_icon}} [http://www.asambleanacional.gov.ve Asamblea Nacional] - Official Parliamentary Site. * {{es_icon}} [http://www.cne.gov.ve National Electoral Council] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.gobiernoenlinea.ve Gobierno en Línea] - Official governmental portal. * {{es_icon}} [http://www.fiscalia.gov.ve Ministerio Público] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.venezuela.gov.ve Presidencia de la República de Venezuela] - Official Presidential Site. * {{es_icon}} [http://www.tsj.gov.ve - Tribunal Supremo de Justicia] Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) ;Media and communications * {{es_icon}} [http://www.analitica.com Analítica] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.cadenaglobal.com Cadena Global] * {{en_icon}} [http://www.thedailyjournalonline.com The Daily Journal] - 60 year old English language newspaper * {{es_icon}} [http://www.el-nacional.com Diario El Nacional] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.talcualdigital.com Diario Tal Cual] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.eud.com Diario El Universal] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.globovision.com Globovisión] - 24 Hour News Channel * {{es_icon}} [http://www.venevision.net/] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.noticiasdevenezuela.com.ve Agencia de Noticias de Venezuela] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.magicafm.com Mágica 99.1 FM] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.panodi.com Panorama] - [[Maracaibo]] based newspaper * {{es_icon}} [http://www.rctv.net Radio Caracas Televisión] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.vtv.gov.ve/ Venezolana de Televisión] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.laverdad.com La Verdad] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.notisur.com/nts Notisur] * {{es_icon}} [http://notiven.com Noticias de Venezuela] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.unionradio.com.ve Unión Radio] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.rnv.gov.ve/noticias/ Radio Nacional de Venezuela] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.trp.tv Televisora Regional de Portuguesa] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.abn.gob.ve Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias] - Government news agency * {{es_icon}} [http://www.telesurtv.net Telesur] - State sponsored Latin American news agency * {{en_icon}} [http://www.vheadline.com Vheadline.com] ;Culture, Images and Tourism * [http://www.venezuelatuya.com/indexeng.htm Venezuela yours...] Pictures and information of the country. * [http://www.llanera.com/regiones/venezuela/venezuela.php?ver=1 The llanos of Venezuela] * [http://www.venezuelasights.com/ The Beauty of Venezuela in Pictures] Pictures of cities, landscapes, animals, plants, seas and mountains. * [http://www.llanera.com/musica Music Llanera] * {{wikitravel|Venezuela}} * [http://www.margaritainfo.com Margarita Island Information] - Summarized Isla Margarita Information * [http://www.discovervenezuela.com Discover Venezuela] - information and images. * {{es_icon}} [http://www.efemeridesvenezolanas.com Efemérides Venezolanas] * {{es_icon}} [http://www.marceloanelli.com/xoom/ Venezuela in Photographs] * [http://www.turpial.org Venezuelan Picture Gallery] Pictures of cities, landscapes, animals and plants. ;Miscellaneous * {{es icon}} [http://www.mipunto.com Mi Punto.com] - portal including news, entertainment, sports and miscellanea. * [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Venezuela Encyclopaedia Britannica] Venezuela - Country Page * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/South_America/Venezuela Open Directory Project] directory category (various languages) * [http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/venezuela Latin Business Chronicle] Venezuela Business Reports, Statistics and Links * {{en icon}} [http://www.turbomaps.com.ar/english/venezuela.php Venezuela main cities satellite views] * [http://www.idea.int/countryprofile.cfm?CountryCode=VE Voter turnout, Gender quotas, Electoral system design and Political party financing in Venezuela] {{South_America}} {{G15}} [[Category:South American countries]] [[Category:Venezuela]] [[Category:Spanish-speaking countries]] [[Category:G15 nations]] [[af:Venezuela]] [[ar:فنزويلا]] [[an:Benezuela]] [[ast:Venezuela]] [[az:Venesuela]] [[id:Venezuela]] [[ms:Venezuela]] [[zh-min-nan:Venezuela]] [[bo:ཝེ་ནེ་ཟུའེ་ལ]] [[bs:Venecuela]] [[br:Venezuela]] [[bg:Венецуела]] [[ca:Veneçuela]] [[cs:Venezuela]] [[cy:Venezuela]] [[da:Venezuela]] [[de:Venezuela]] [[et:Venezuela]] [[es:Venezuela]] [[eo:Venezuelo]] [[eu:Venezuela]] [[to:Venisuela]] [[fa:ونزوئلا]] [[fr:Venezuela]] [[ga:Veiniséala]] [[gd:Venezuela]] [[gl:Venezuela]] [[ko:베네수엘라]] [[hr:Venezuela]] [[io:Venezuela]] [[ilo:Venezuela]] [[is:Venesúela]] [[it:Venezuela]] [[he:ונצואלה]] [[ka:ვენესუელა]] [[kw:Veneswela]] [[lad:Venezuela]] [[la:Venetiola]] [[lv:Venecuēla]] [[lt:Venesuela]] [[lij:Venezuela]] [[hu:Venezuela]] [[mk:Венецуела]] [[nl:Venezuela]] [[ja:ベネズエラ]] [[no:Venezuela]] [[nn:Venezuela]] [[oc:Veneçuèla]] [[ug:ۋېنېسۇئېلا]] [[pam:Venezuela]] [[pap:Venezuela]] [[nds:Venezuela]] [[pl:Wenezuela]] [[pt:Venezuela]] [[ro:Venezuela]] [[rm:Venezuela]] [[qu:Biniswila]] [[ru:Венесуэла]] [[se:Venezuela]] [[sa:वेनेज्वेला]] [[sq:Venezuela]] [[scn:Venezzuela]] [[simple:Venezuela]] [[sk:Venezuela]] [[sl:Venezuela]] [[sr:Венецуела]] [[sh:Venezuela]] [[fi:Venezuela]] [[sv:Venezuela]] [[tl:Venezuela]] [[ta:வெனீசூலா]] [[tet:Venezuela]] [[th:ประเทศเวเนซุเอลา]] [[vi:Venezuela]] [[tg:Венесуэла]] [[tr:Venezuela]] [[uk:Венесуела]] [[yi:װענעזװעלע]] [[zh:委內瑞拉]] 531 1340 2006-10-24T07:18:43Z 130.54.12.243 Diad Salitan English, '''life''' so labay na ibaga na bilay. Ehemplo <br> * Anggano naiirapan ak ed [[bilay]] ko natan, maliket ak ya sansia. 532 1341 2006-10-24T07:20:54Z 130.54.12.243 Kareenan so estado na mareen. Anggapoy gulo. Diad English say tawag dia: peace. Ehemplo <br> * [[Kareenan]] so man-ari ed mundo so idadasal na saray totoon naksawan la ed giyera. 533 1342 2006-10-24T07:22:07Z 130.54.12.243 Ayaman na too. Ehemplo <br> * Say [[abong]] nen Mama Siano so sakey ya sankalinesan ed sayan bario. 534 1343 2006-10-24T07:25:00Z 130.54.12.246 Maong ya liknaan ed para arom ya too. Labay. Amamayoen. Paknaan Ehemplo <br> Aga natokor so [[panangaro]] nen Alya ed salita, kultura, tan pinanlapuan to. 535 1344 2006-10-24T07:26:08Z 130.54.12.246 Diad Salitan English: Love Ehemplo: Ag ko nalingwanan, so [[panangaro]] na inak ed siak. 536 1345 2006-10-24T07:28:00Z 130.54.12.246 kamaongan Ehemplo <br> Naantaan mo so [[abig]] na sayan tambal kasumpal mon tumarin. 537 1347 2006-10-24T07:32:48Z 130.54.12.246 Ehemplo <br> Sakey ya [[matoor]] ya too si Elena. 538 1348 2006-10-24T07:33:48Z 130.54.12.246 Ehemplo: <br> [[Onong]] ed balita, walay baleg ya yegyeg ya agawa ed baley na [[Basista]]. 539 1350 2006-10-25T09:50:21Z 130.54.12.245 Ehemplo: <br> [[Arawi]] so dalin na Japan ed dalin na Germany. 540 1351 2006-10-25T09:51:51Z 130.54.12.245 Ehemplo: <br> [[Ngarem]] san mansilunget la nen akasabi si Louise ed panayaman nen Anne. 541 1352 2006-10-25T09:53:56Z 130.54.12.245 Ehemplo: <br> Nen akaloob ed kweba so minero, alikas ton singa ambasa so [[dagem]] ed loob. 542 1353 2006-10-25T09:54:59Z 130.54.12.245 Ehemplo: <br> Pigaray taon mo la? 543 1355 2006-10-25T09:57:49Z 130.54.12.245 Ehemplo: <br> Agka man-aburido ta wala lay lamat na baso nen binayes mo. 544 1356 2006-10-25T09:59:15Z 130.54.12.245 Ehemplo: <br> Onakis la kumon so ugaw, balet kinansionan na ama to kanyan maliket la langula so ugaw. 545 1358 2006-10-25T10:12:23Z 130.54.12.244 Deyeng day rosrosas gagala min malet mablin pageo mo ditan mi pa ipeket manilalo kami na malet awat mo ta bagat mi yan manpilalek. Chorus: Gali la, nia'y bagat nia ra'y rosas, nia ra'y rosas ed Birhen Maria, rosas nen Birhen Maria Iti lan ondakmomo ed Marian Ina nen Jesus ta sikato'y Mananundon matuan, maaron maaron Dios aroen tayon peteg panangigalang ed sikato so Ina... Chorus: Gali la nia'y bagat, nia ra'y rosas nia ra'y rosas ed Birhen Maria, rosas nen Birhen Maria. Sayan rosas ya inbagat so likliket min peteg ed puso gloria Ina'y isalat mo diad taoen ya, diad taoen ya ayaman mo. 546 1359 2006-10-25T10:13:42Z 130.54.12.244 Hesus ya Dios tan Ari mi Aguin Manangilaban Say dayew tan salamat mi, Isaklang mi ra natan. Nanarian moy inlaknab Mod Kabansaay inerman. Diad Sikatoy pakalmoan miy Bilay tan kilalaban Sika tan diad Simbaan mi Bilay mi isipan mi Anggad diad tawen say liket So lawas ibelyaw mi. 547 1360 2006-10-25T10:14:30Z 130.54.12.244 Imanom pa Rosing so sara'y tagleey ko diad sika manlingkor madalisay kon aro Sara'y lioaoa ra'y biteuen tan say masnag a bulan sikara ya'y tasik ed peteg kon piaroan. Et no bilang Rosing andi la ma'y panangarom andi lay sibeg mo ed pobren manangaro Et no bilang Rosing patey la'y narateng ko ilaloan mo aro sika'y nanlapuan to. 548 1361 2006-10-25T10:15:18Z 130.54.12.244 makapanangnangis so asagmak kon palar aron bebenbenan na sandua iran limam no oala'y manokit ya labay to'y onsalat say labay ko balet ombasil kan agko kabat. ag ka mapagpaga no oala ra'y balitam ta ag ko man isalat so samit da'y aroan sarag mon nognonoten no oala'y laen ko bilang agak ni onalis no ag moak labay ya bulosan. anggan manbalanga'y mata ra 'ra'y mangimon anggan makirlap so punyal da ra'y inarom siansian agak ontakot laman ko'y itapat anggan bangkay agi so isempet ko ed abong. 549 1362 2006-10-25T10:16:03Z 130.54.12.244 Say bilay na too diad tapeo na dalin napno na saray liket tan samet so kaermenan no maminsan magayaga, no maminsan magunigon no arum met marelmeng, no arum met maronong. 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It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles. 608 1421 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default (Main) 609 1422 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Your IP address is blocked from editing, and so is not allowed to use the password recovery function to prevent abuse. 610 1423 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default The text of '''your edits''' to '''$1''' is shown below: 611 1424 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default The source of '''$1''' is shown below: 612 1425 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default <big>'''Your user name or IP address has been blocked.'''</big> The block was made by $1. The reason given is ''$2''. You can contact $1 or another [[{{ns:project}}:Administrators|administrator]] to discuss the block. You cannot use the 'email this user' feature unless a valid email address is specified in your [[Special:Preferences|account preferences]]. Your current IP address is $3. Please include this in any queries. 613 1426 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default User is blocked 614 1427 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Block user 615 1428 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded 616 1429 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default [[{{ns:Special}}:Contributions/$1|$1]] has been blocked. <br />See [[{{ns:Special}}:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 617 1430 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[{{ns:project}}:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 618 1431 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default block 619 1432 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 ($4) 620 1433 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default blocked "[[$1]]" with an expiry time of $2 621 1434 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Block log 622 1435 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. 623 1436 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Bold text 624 1437 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Bold text 625 1438 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Book sources 626 1439 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default 627 1440 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. 628 1441 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default b 629 1442 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Broken redirects 630 1443 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default 631 1444 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to non-existent pages: 632 1445 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Bug reports 633 1446 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Project:Bug_reports 634 1447 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default by date 635 1448 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default by name 636 1449 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default by size 637 1450 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. 638 1451 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Cancel 639 1452 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or file specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 640 1453 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Undelete failed; someone else may have undeleted the page first. 641 1454 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Account creation from this IP address (<b>$1</b>) has been blocked. This is probably due to persistent vandalism from your school or Internet service provider. 642 1455 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. 643 1456 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Categories 644 1457 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default The following categories exist in the wiki. 645 1458 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Articles in category "$1" 646 1459 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default There {{PLURAL:$1|is one article|are $1 articles}} in this category. 647 1460 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default View category page 648 1461 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default | 649 1462 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Clear watchlist 650 1463 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you may have to bypass your browser's cache to see the changes. '''Mozilla / Firefox / Safari:''' hold down ''Shift'' while clicking ''Reload'', or press ''Ctrl-Shift-R'' (''Cmd-Shift-R'' on Apple Mac); '''IE:''' hold ''Ctrl'' while clicking ''Refresh'', or press ''Ctrl-F5''; '''Konqueror:''': simply click the ''Reload'' button, or press ''F5''; '''Opera''' users may need to completely clear their cache in ''Tools→Preferences''. 651 1464 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Columns: 652 1465 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Compare selected versions 653 1466 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Confirm 654 1467 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Clear the cache of this page? $1 655 1468 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default OK 656 1469 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[{{ns:project}}:Policy]]. 657 1470 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default You must confirm your e-mail address before editing pages. Please set and validate your e-mail address through your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. 658 1471 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Confirm E-mail address 659 1472 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Someone, probably you from IP address $1, has registered an account "$2" with this e-mail address on {{SITENAME}}. To confirm that this account really does belong to you and activate e-mail features on {{SITENAME}}, open this link in your browser: $3 If this is *not* you, don't follow the link. This confirmation code will expire at $4. 660 1473 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Something went wrong saving your confirmation. 661 1474 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Invalid confirmation code. The code may have expired. 662 1475 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default You do not have a valid email address set in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. 663 1476 2006-10-25T19:37:45Z MediaWiki default Mail a confirmation code 664 1477 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} e-mail address confirmation 665 1478 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default This wiki requires that you validate your e-mail address before using e-mail features. Activate the button below to send a confirmation mail to your address. The mail will include a link containing a code; load the link in your browser to confirm that your e-mail address is valid. 666 1479 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Confirm protection 667 1480 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default User [[User:$1|$1]] ([[User talk:$1|talk]]) deleted this page after you started editing with reason: : ''$2'' Please confirm that really want to recreate this page. 668 1481 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Confirm unprotection 669 1482 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to unprotect this page? 670 1483 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Context per line: 671 1484 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Lines per hit: 672 1485 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default contribs 673 1486 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default For $1 674 1487 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Content is available under $1. 675 1488 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Project:Copyrights 676 1489 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} copyright 677 1490 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} are considered to be released under the $2 (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> 678 1491 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see $1 for details). <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> 679 1492 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default account creation blocked 680 1493 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default by e-mail 681 1494 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default created 682 1495 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Page credits 683 1496 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default cur 684 1497 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Current events 685 1498 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Current revision 686 1499 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Current revision 687 1500 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Data 688 1501 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Database error 689 1502 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default The database is not locked. 690 1503 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default No preference 691 1504 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Date format 692 1505 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Date and time 693 1506 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". 694 1507 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" 695 1508 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages 696 1509 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default 697 1510 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default The following pages do not link to other pages in this wiki. 698 1511 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Dec 699 1512 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default December 700 1513 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default December 701 1514 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default default 702 1515 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: 703 1516 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} e-mail 704 1517 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Deleted to make way for move 705 1518 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default ==Deletion required== The destination article "[[$1]]" already exists. Do you want to delete it to make way for the move? 706 1519 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default [deleted] 707 1520 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Deleted old revision $1. 708 1521 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. 709 1522 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Warning: This page has been deleted after you started editing! 710 1523 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default del 711 1524 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") 712 1525 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default deletion log 713 1526 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Deletion log 714 1527 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. 715 1528 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default desc 716 1529 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Destination filename 717 1530 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default diff 718 1531 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 719 1532 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default 720 1533 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Template:disambig 721 1534 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br />A page is treated as disambiguation if it is linked from $1.<br />Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here. 722 1535 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Project:General_disclaimer 723 1536 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Disclaimers 724 1537 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default (Link to this page as [[$1]]) 725 1538 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Double redirects 726 1539 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default 727 1540 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. 728 1541 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default download 729 1542 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default A confirmation e-mail has been sent to the nominated e-mail address. Before any other mail is sent to the account, you will have to follow the instructions in the e-mail, to confirm that the account is actually yours. 730 1543 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Edit this file using an external application 731 1544 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default See the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:External_editors setup instructions] for more information. 732 1545 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "<i>$1</i>". 733 1546 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 734 1547 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page 735 1548 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Editing help 736 1549 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Help:Editing 737 1550 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 738 1551 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (comment) 739 1552 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default '''Warning:''' You are editing a page which is used to provide interface text for the software. Changes to this page will affect the appearance of the user interface for other users. 740 1553 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong> 741 1554 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (section) 742 1555 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Editing user <b>$1</b> 743 1556 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default edit 744 1557 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default edit 745 1558 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Edit section: $1 746 1559 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Edit this page 747 1560 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default <!-- Text here will be shown below edit and upload forms. --> 748 1561 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Edit User Groups 749 1562 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default E-mail 750 1563 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail address was authenticated on $1. 751 1564 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Confirm your e-mail address 752 1565 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail address is not yet authenticated. No e-mail will be sent for any of the following features. 753 1566 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default E-mail user 754 1567 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. 755 1568 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. 756 1569 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Subject 757 1570 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default The file you uploaded seems to be empty. This might be due to a typo in the file name. Please check whether you really want to upload this file. 758 1571 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Dear $WATCHINGUSERNAME, the {{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED on $PAGEEDITDATE by $PAGEEDITOR, see $PAGETITLE_URL for the current version. $NEWPAGE Editor's summary: $PAGESUMMARY $PAGEMINOREDIT Contact the editor: mail: $PAGEEDITOR_EMAIL wiki: $PAGEEDITOR_WIKI There will be no other notifications in case of further changes unless you visit this page. You could also reset the notification flags for all your watched pages on your watchlist. Your friendly {{SITENAME}} notification system -- To change your watchlist settings, visit {{fullurl:{{ns:special}}:Watchlist/edit}} Feedback and further assistance: {{fullurl:{{ns:help}}:Contents}} 759 1572 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default See $1 for all changes since your last visit. 760 1573 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} Notification Mailer 761 1574 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Mark all pages visited 762 1575 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED by $PAGEEDITOR 763 1576 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released 764 1577 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Error 765 1578 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Error 766 1579 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: '$1' 767 1580 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default content was: '$1' 768 1581 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default content was: '$1' (and the only contributor was '[[Special:Contributions/$2|$2]]') 769 1582 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Aperture 770 1583 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Author 771 1584 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Bits per component 772 1585 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Brightness 773 1586 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default CFA pattern 774 1587 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Color space 775 1588 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default sRGB 776 1589 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default FFFF.H 777 1590 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Meaning of each component 778 1591 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default does not exist 779 1592 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Y 780 1593 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Cb 781 1594 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Cr 782 1595 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default R 783 1596 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default G 784 1597 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default B 785 1598 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Image compression mode 786 1599 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Compression scheme 787 1600 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Uncompressed 788 1601 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default JPEG 789 1602 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Contrast 790 1603 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Normal 791 1604 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Soft 792 1605 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Hard 793 1606 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Copyright holder 794 1607 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Custom image processing 795 1608 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Normal process 796 1609 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Custom process 797 1610 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default File change date and time 798 1611 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Date and time of digitizing 799 1612 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Date and time of data generation 800 1613 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki 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2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Focal length in 35 mm film 831 1644 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Focal plane resolution unit 832 1645 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default inches 833 1646 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Focal plane X resolution 834 1647 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Focal plane Y resolution 835 1648 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Scene control 836 1649 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default None 837 1650 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Low gain up 838 1651 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default High gain up 839 1652 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Low gain down 840 1653 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default High gain down 841 1654 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Altitude 842 1655 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Altitude reference 843 1656 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default Name of GPS area 844 1657 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default GPS date 845 1658 2006-10-25T19:37:46Z MediaWiki default 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image 859 1672 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Latitude 860 1673 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default North latitude 861 1674 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default South latitude 862 1675 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default North or South Latitude 863 1676 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Longitude 864 1677 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default East longitude 865 1678 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default West longitude 866 1679 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default East or West Longitude 867 1680 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Geodetic survey data used 868 1681 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Measurement mode 869 1682 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default 2-dimensional measurement 870 1683 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default 3-dimensional measurement 871 1684 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Name of GPS processing method 872 1685 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Satellites used for measurement 873 1686 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki 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2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Standard light C 904 1717 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Fluorescent 905 1718 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default D55 906 1719 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default D65 907 1720 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default D75 908 1721 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default D50 909 1722 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default ISO studio tungsten 910 1723 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Other light source 911 1724 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Tungsten (incandescent light) 912 1725 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Flash 913 1726 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Fine weather 914 1727 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Camera manufacturer 915 1728 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default $1 916 1729 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Manufacturer notes 917 1730 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Maximum land aperture 918 1731 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Metering mode 919 1732 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Unknown 920 1733 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Average 921 1734 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default CenterWeightedAverage 922 1735 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Other 923 1736 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Spot 924 1737 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default MultiSpot 925 1738 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Pattern 926 1739 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Partial 927 1740 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Camera model 928 1741 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default $1 929 1742 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Optoelectronic conversion factor 930 1743 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Orientation 931 1744 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Normal 932 1745 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Flipped horizontally 933 1746 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Rotated 180° 934 1747 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Flipped vertically 935 1748 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CCW and flipped vertically 936 1749 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CW 937 1750 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CW and flipped vertically 938 1751 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CCW 939 1752 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Pixel composition 940 1753 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default RGB 941 1754 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default YCbCr 942 1755 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Valid image height 943 1756 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Valid image width 944 1757 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Data arrangement 945 1758 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default chunky format 946 1759 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default planar format 947 1760 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Chromaticities of primarities 948 1761 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Pair of black and white reference values 949 1762 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Related audio file 950 1763 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Unit of X and Y resolution 951 1764 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Number of rows per strip 952 1765 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Number of components 953 1766 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Saturation 954 1767 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Normal 955 1768 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Low saturation 956 1769 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default High saturation 957 1770 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Scene capture type 958 1771 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Standard 959 1772 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Landscape 960 1773 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Portrait 961 1774 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Night scene 962 1775 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Scene type 963 1776 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default A directly photographed image 964 1777 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Sensing method 965 1778 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Undefined 966 1779 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default One-chip color area sensor 967 1780 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Two-chip color area sensor 968 1781 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Three-chip color area sensor 969 1782 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Color sequential area sensor 970 1783 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Trilinear sensor 971 1784 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Color sequential linear sensor 972 1785 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Sharpness 973 1786 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Normal 974 1787 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Soft 975 1788 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Hard 976 1789 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Shutter speed 977 1790 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Software used 978 1791 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default $1 979 1792 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Spatial frequency response 980 1793 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Spectral sensitivity 981 1794 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Bytes per compressed strip 982 1795 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Image data location 983 1796 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Subject area 984 1797 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Subject distance 985 1798 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default $1 metres 986 1799 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Subject distance range 987 1800 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Unknown 988 1801 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Macro 989 1802 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Close view 990 1803 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Distant view 991 1804 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Subject location 992 1805 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default DateTime subseconds 993 1806 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default DateTimeDigitized subseconds 994 1807 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default DateTimeOriginal subseconds 995 1808 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Transfer function 996 1809 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default User comments 997 1810 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default White Balance 998 1811 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Auto white balance 999 1812 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Manual white balance 1000 1813 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default White point chromaticity 1001 1814 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Horizontal resolution 1002 1815 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default $1 dpc 1003 1816 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default $1 dpi 1004 1817 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Color space transformation matrix coefficients 1005 1818 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Y and C positioning 1006 1819 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Subsampling ratio of Y to C 1007 1820 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Vertical resolution 1008 1821 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default expires $1 1009 1822 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. <b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page".<br /> 1010 1823 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Export pages 1011 1824 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Export 1012 1825 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history 1013 1826 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default ---- '''Note:''' Exporting the full history of pages through this form has been disabled due to performance reasons. 1014 1827 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. This can be imported into another wiki using MediaWiki via the Special:Import page. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{int:mainpage}}]] for the page {{int:mainpage}}. 1015 1828 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default There was either an external authentication database error or you are not allowed to update your external account. 1016 1829 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title 1017 1830 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) 1018 1831 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default FAQ 1019 1832 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Project:FAQ 1020 1833 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Feb 1021 1834 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default February 1022 1835 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default February 1023 1836 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Atom 1024 1837 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Invalid subscription feed type. 1025 1838 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default RSS 1026 1839 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Feed: 1027 1840 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 1028 1841 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 1029 1842 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default Summary 1030 1843 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already, please check $1 if you are not sure if you want to change it. 1031 1844 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already; please go back and upload this file under a new name. [[Image:$1|thumb|center|$1]] 1032 1845 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already in the shared file repository; please go back and upload this file under a new name. [[Image:$1|thumb|center|$1]] 1033 1846 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default $1KB, MIME type: <code>$2</code> 1034 1847 2006-10-25T19:37:47Z MediaWiki default File missing 1035 1848 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Filename 1036 1849 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". 1037 1850 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". 1038 1851 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Files 1039 1852 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Source 1040 1853 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Copyright status 1041 1854 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default File $1 uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. If this is an image, you can insert it like this: <tt><nowiki>[[Image:$1|thumb|Description]]</nowiki></tt> 1042 1855 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Summary: 1043 1856 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default A file of this name has been previously uploaded and subsequently deleted. You should check the $1 before proceeding to upload it again. 1044 1857 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form 1045 1858 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Fri 1046 1859 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Friday 1047 1860 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default fetching file list 1048 1861 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search" id="googlesearch"> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="{{SERVER}}" /> <input type="hidden" name="num" value="50" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="$2" /> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="$2" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="$1" /> <input type="submit" name="btnG" value="$3" /> <div> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gwiki" value="{{SERVER}}" checked="checked" /><label for="gwiki">{{SITENAME}}</label> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gWWW" value="" /><label for="gWWW">WWW</label> </div> </form> 1049 1862 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Already have an account? $1. 1050 1863 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Log in 1051 1864 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Group: 1052 1865 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default (all) 1053 1866 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Bots 1054 1867 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Bot 1055 1868 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrats 1056 1869 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat 1057 1870 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Sysops 1058 1871 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Sysop 1059 1872 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Bots 1060 1873 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Bureaucrats 1061 1874 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Administrators 1062 1875 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default User groups 1063 1876 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser 1064 1877 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Headline text 1065 1878 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline 1066 1879 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents 1067 1880 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Hide results 1068 1881 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default hide 1069 1882 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default hist 1070 1883 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Earliest 1071 1884 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Latest 1072 1885 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.<br /> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. 1073 1886 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Page history 1074 1887 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Revision history for this page on the wiki 1075 1888 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The requested page doesn't exist. It may have been deleted from the wiki, or renamed. Try [[Special:Search|searching on the wiki]] for relevant new pages. 1076 1889 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default $1 at $2 1077 1890 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Revision history 1078 1891 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default - 1079 1892 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default History 1080 1893 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 1081 1894 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) 1082 1895 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. 1083 1896 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Ignore any warnings 1084 1897 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The filename "$1" contains characters that are not allowed in page titles. Please rename the file and try uploading it again. 1085 1898 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg 1086 1899 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Embedded image 1087 1900 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Links 1088 1901 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default File list 1089 1902 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default 1090 1903 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Date 1091 1904 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Description 1092 1905 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Search for image name: 1093 1906 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Size (bytes) 1094 1907 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default User 1095 1908 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default This shows only images uploaded by $1. 1096 1909 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of '''$1''' {{plural:$1|file|files}} sorted $2. 1097 1910 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Limit images on image description pages to: 1098 1911 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default View image page 1099 1912 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. 1100 1913 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default del 1101 1914 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default desc 1102 1915 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default file 1103 1916 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. <br /><i>Click on date to see the file uploaded on that date</i>. 1104 1917 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default File history 1105 1918 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit file description. 1106 1919 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default 1107 1920 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default next page &rarr; 1108 1921 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default &larr; previous page 1109 1922 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Source or destination title is of a special type; cannot move pages from and into that namespace. 1110 1923 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Import pages 1111 1924 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Copy all history versions for this page 1112 1925 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Transfer pages into namespace: 1113 1926 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Import 1114 1927 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Select a wiki and page title to import. Revision dates and editors' names will be preserved. All transwiki import actions are logged at the [[Special:Log/import|import log]]. 1115 1928 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default transwikied $1 1116 1929 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default $1 revision(s) from $2 1117 1930 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default imported [[$1]] by file upload 1118 1931 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default $1 revision(s) 1119 1932 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|revision|revisions}} 1120 1933 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Bad interwiki link 1121 1934 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Couldn't open import file 1122 1935 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Import failed: $1 1123 1936 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) 1124 1937 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Importing $1 1125 1938 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Transwiki import 1126 1939 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Import log 1127 1940 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Administrative imports of pages with edit history from other wikis. 1128 1941 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default No import file was uploaded. 1129 1942 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default No pages to import. 1130 1943 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default No transwiki import sources have been defined and direct history uploads are disabled. 1131 1944 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Empty or no text 1132 1945 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Importing pages... 1133 1946 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Import succeeded! 1134 1947 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. 1135 1948 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Unknown import source type 1136 1949 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Upload of import file failed; perhaps the file is bigger than the allowed upload size. 1137 1950 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default infinite 1138 1951 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Information 1139 1952 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Information for page 1140 1953 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Internal error 1141 1954 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links 1142 1955 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The e-mail address cannot be accepted as it appears to have an invalid format. Please enter a well-formatted address or empty that field. 1143 1956 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Invert selection 1144 1957 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 1145 1958 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default IP Address 1146 1959 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default IP Address or username 1147 1960 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default "$1" is already blocked 1148 1961 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Error: Block ID $1 not found. It may have been unblocked already. 1149 1962 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. 1150 1963 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Block anonymous users only 1151 1964 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Prevent account creation 1152 1965 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Expiry 1153 1966 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames 1154 1967 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default 1155 1968 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The blocklist is empty. 1156 1969 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default 2 hours:2 hours,1 day:1 day,3 days:3 days,1 week:1 week,2 weeks:2 weeks,1 month:1 month,3 months:3 months,6 months:6 months,1 year:1 year,infinite:infinite 1157 1970 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Other time 1158 1971 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default other 1159 1972 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Reason 1160 1973 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Block this user 1161 1974 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address 1162 1975 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default ISBN 1163 1976 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default redirect page 1164 1977 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default inclusion 1165 1978 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1166 1979 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1167 1980 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... 1168 1981 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Jan 1169 1982 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default January 1170 1983 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default January 1171 1984 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Jul 1172 1985 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default July 1173 1986 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default July 1174 1987 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Jump to: 1175 1988 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default navigation 1176 1989 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Jun 1177 1990 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default June 1178 1991 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default June 1179 1992 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Warning: Page may not contain recent updates. 1180 1993 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that files do not exceed $1 bytes in size; this file is $2 bytes 1181 1994 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default This file is bigger than the server is configured to allow. 1182 1995 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $2, $1 by $3. 1183 1996 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Licensing 1184 1997 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default - 1185 1998 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Line $1: 1186 1999 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Link title 1187 2000 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Internal link 1188 2001 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default (List of links) 1189 2002 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default /^(.*?)([a-zA-Z\x80-\xff]+)$/sD 1190 2003 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to '''[[:$1]]''': 1191 2004 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this file: 1192 2005 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default cont. 1193 2006 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default List redirects 1194 2007 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default 1195 2008 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default User list 1196 2009 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default 1197 2010 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Display users starting at: 1198 2011 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Loading page history 1199 2012 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff 1200 2013 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Local time 1201 2014 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1202 2015 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. 1203 2016 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1204 2017 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded 1205 2018 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. <br />Remember to [[Special:Unlockdb|remove the lock]] after your maintenance is complete. 1206 2019 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. 1207 2020 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The database lock file is not writable. To lock or unlock the database, this needs to be writable by the web server. 1208 2021 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. 1209 2022 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Logs 1210 2023 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default No matching items in log. 1211 2024 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Log in 1212 2025 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default 1213 2026 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Login error 1214 2027 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Language: $1 1215 2028 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default * Deutsch|de * English|en * Esperanto|eo * Français|fr * Español|es * Italiano|it * Nederlands|nl 1216 2029 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default User login 1217 2030 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default <b>There has been a problem with your login.</b><br />Try again! 1218 2031 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to {{SITENAME}}. 1219 2032 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default log in 1220 2033 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default You must $1 to view other pages. 1221 2034 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Login Required 1222 2035 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default '''You are now logged in to {{SITENAME}} as "$1".''' 1223 2036 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Login successful 1224 2037 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Log out 1225 2038 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default <strong>You are now logged out.</strong><br /> You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 1226 2039 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default User logout 1227 2040 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 1228 2041 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default 1229 2042 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The following pages are not linked from other pages in this wiki. 1230 2043 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default <strong>ERROR: The text you have submitted is $1 kilobytes long, which is longer than the maximum of $2 kilobytes. It cannot be saved.</strong> 1231 2044 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default 1232 2045 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections.</strong> 1233 2046 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 1234 2047 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default E-mail password 1235 2048 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default No send address 1236 2049 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] and have a valid e-mail address in your [[Special:Preferences|preferences]] to send e-mail to other users. 1237 2050 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. == Getting started == * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [http://mail.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] 1238 2051 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default <big>'''MediaWiki has been successfully installed.'''</big> 1239 2052 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 1240 2053 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 1241 2054 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" is now a sysop</b> 1242 2055 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop 1243 2056 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator 1244 2057 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 1245 2058 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Mar 1246 2059 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default March 1247 2060 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default March 1248 2061 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Mark as patrolled 1249 2062 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default [$1] 1250 2063 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Mark this article as patrolled 1251 2064 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Marked as patrolled 1252 2065 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Cannot mark as patrolled 1253 2066 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default You need to specify a revision to mark as patrolled. 1254 2067 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The selected revision has been marked as patrolled. 1255 2068 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. 1256 2069 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Math 1257 2070 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory 1258 2071 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory 1259 2072 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse 1260 2073 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert 1261 2074 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default lexing error 1262 2075 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. 1263 2076 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here 1264 2077 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default syntax error 1265 2078 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) 1266 2079 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default unknown function 1267 2080 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default May 1268 2081 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default May 1269 2082 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default May 1270 2083 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Example.ogg 1271 2084 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Media file link 1272 2085 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default '''Warning''': This file may contain malicious code, by executing it your system may be compromised.<hr /> 1273 2086 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default View message page 1274 2087 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Metadata 1275 2088 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Hide extended details 1276 2089 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Show extended details 1277 2090 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default EXIF metadata fields listed in this message will be included on image page display when the metadata table is collapsed. Others will be hidden by default. * make * model * datetimeoriginal * exposuretime * fnumber * focallength 1278 2091 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified image. 1279 2092 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default Metadata (see [[{{ns:project}}:Metadata]] for an explanation): 1280 2093 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default MIME search 1281 2094 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default 1282 2095 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default MIME type: 1283 2096 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default File names must be at least three letters. 1284 2097 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 1285 2098 2006-10-25T19:37:48Z MediaWiki default m 1286 2099 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 1287 2100 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Please enter a comment below. 1288 2101 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default <b>Missing image</b><br /><i>$1</i> 1289 2102 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default '''Reminder:''' You have not provided an edit summary. If you click Save again, your edit will be saved without one. 1290 2103 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Mon 1291 2104 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Monday 1292 2105 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default More... 1293 2106 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Articles with the most categories 1294 2107 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default 1295 2108 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Most linked to images 1296 2109 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default 1297 2110 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Most linked to pages 1298 2111 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default 1299 2112 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Most linked to categories 1300 2113 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default 1301 2114 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Articles with the most revisions 1302 2115 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default 1303 2116 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default moved to 1304 2117 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Move log 1305 2118 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page moved. 1306 2119 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1307 2120 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to move a page. 1308 2121 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Move page 1309 2122 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 1310 2123 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to check for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. <b>WARNING!</b> This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 1311 2124 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Reason 1312 2125 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Move associated talk page 1313 2126 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default HTML if possible or else PNG 1314 2127 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default MathML if possible (experimental) 1315 2128 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Recommended for modern browsers 1316 2129 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Always render PNG 1317 2130 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default HTML if very simple or else PNG 1318 2131 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Leave it as TeX (for text browsers) 1319 2132 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default My contributions 1320 2133 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default My preferences 1321 2134 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default My talk 1322 2135 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Namespace: 1323 2136 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Navigation 1324 2137 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|byte|bytes}} 1325 2138 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|category|categories}} 1326 2139 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default (New) 1327 2140 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[{{ns:help}}:Contents|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 1328 2141 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default {{int:newarticletext}} 1329 2142 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default newbies 1330 2143 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Gallery of new files 1331 2144 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default 1332 2145 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default last change 1333 2146 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default new messages 1334 2147 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default N 1335 2148 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default 1336 2149 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Username: 1337 2150 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default ,_ 1338 2151 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default To new title 1339 2152 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default (opens in new window) 1340 2153 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default next 1341 2154 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Next diff → 1342 2155 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default next $1 1343 2156 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Newer revision→ 1344 2157 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|link|links}} 1345 2158 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|member|members}} 1346 2159 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default There is currently no text in this page, you can [[{{ns:special}}:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|search for this page title]] in other pages or [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} edit this page]. 1347 2160 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default {{int:noarticletext}} 1348 2161 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. <br /> $1 1349 2162 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. 1350 2163 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. 1351 2164 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. 1352 2165 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default This site has restricted the ability to create new pages. You can go back and edit an existing page, or [[Special:Userlogin|log in or create an account]]. 1353 2166 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Page creation limited 1354 2167 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. 1355 2168 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default There is no credits info available for this page. 1356 2169 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 1357 2170 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. 1358 2171 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". 1359 2172 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Specify an e-mail address for these features to work. 1360 2173 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. 1361 2174 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address 1362 2175 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default '''There is no page titled "$1".''' You can [[:$1|create this page]]. 1363 2176 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. 1364 2177 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default No file by this name exists, you can $1. 1365 2178 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default upload it 1366 2179 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Nothing to see. 1367 2180 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default None selected 1368 2181 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default No pages link to '''[[:$1]]'''. 1369 2182 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this file. 1370 2183 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Don't have a login? $1. 1371 2184 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Create an account 1372 2185 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. 1373 2186 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default '''Note''': Unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 1374 2187 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant. A workaround is in place to allow you to safely edit articles: non-ASCII characters will appear in the edit box as hexadecimal codes.</strong> 1375 2188 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default You have requested an invalid special page, a list of valid special pages may be found at [[{{ns:special}}:Specialpages]]. 1376 2189 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default No such action 1377 2190 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki 1378 2191 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default No such special page 1379 2192 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or create a new account. 1380 2193 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling. 1381 2194 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. 1382 2195 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Not a content page 1383 2196 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. 1384 2197 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default No target 1385 2198 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note:</strong> 1386 2199 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default No page text matches 1387 2200 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default No page title matches 1388 2201 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1389 2202 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default You have to specify a username. 1390 2203 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Nov 1391 2204 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default November 1392 2205 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default November 1393 2206 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. 1394 2207 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here 1395 2208 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting 1396 2209 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|revision|revisions}} 1397 2210 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Category 1398 2211 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Help page 1399 2212 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default File 1400 2213 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Article 1401 2214 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Media page 1402 2215 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Message 1403 2216 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Project page 1404 2217 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Special 1405 2218 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Template 1406 2219 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default User page 1407 2220 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (article): $1 1408 2221 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default [$1] 1409 2222 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default [$1 watching user/s] 1410 2223 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (article): $1 1411 2224 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (discussion page): $1 1412 2225 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (discussion page): $1 1413 2226 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Number of watchers: $1 1414 2227 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|view|views}} 1415 2228 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Oct 1416 2229 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default October 1417 2230 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default October 1418 2231 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default OK 1419 2232 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1; $5<br />($6) $3 | $2 | $4 ($7) 1420 2233 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Old password: 1421 2234 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default orig 1422 2235 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. 1423 2236 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default In other languages 1424 2237 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default others 1425 2238 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default {{PLURAL:$1|Category|Categories}} 1426 2239 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded 1427 2240 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". 1428 2241 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 - {{SITENAME}} 1429 2242 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new password for {{SITENAME}} ($4). The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. If someone else made this request or if you have remembered your password and you no longer wish to change it, you may ignore this message and continue using your old password. 1430 2243 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from {{SITENAME}} 1431 2244 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. 1432 2245 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Your password is too short. It must have at least $1 characters. 1433 2246 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be up to date. 1434 2247 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached, and was last updated $1. 1435 2248 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 1436 2249 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Here is a saved copy from $1: 1437 2250 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Permanent link 1438 2251 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Personal tools 1439 2252 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Popular pages 1440 2253 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default 1441 2254 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Post a comment 1442 2255 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Search 1443 2256 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces:<br />$1<br />$2 List redirects<br />Search for $3 $9 1444 2257 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Preferences 1445 2258 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default 1446 2259 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Prefix index 1447 2260 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default 1448 2261 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default * E-mail (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without needing to reveal your identity. 1449 2262 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default This address is also used to send you e-mail notifications if you enabled the options. 1450 2263 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 1451 2264 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Misc 1452 2265 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default User profile 1453 2266 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Watchlist 1454 2267 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Number of days to show in watchlist: 1455 2268 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Number of edits to show in expanded watchlist: 1456 2269 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1457 2270 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to set user preferences. 1458 2271 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. 1459 2272 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Preview 1460 2273 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 1461 2274 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default <strong>This is only a preview; changes have not yet been saved!</strong> 1462 2275 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default ← Previous diff 1463 2276 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default ←Older revision 1464 2277 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default previous $1 1465 2278 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Print 1466 2279 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Printable version 1467 2280 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Privacy policy 1468 2281 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Project:Privacy_policy 1469 2282 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default View project page 1470 2283 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Protect 1471 2284 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default (default) 1472 2285 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Block unregistered users 1473 2286 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Sysops only 1474 2287 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default You may view and change the protection level here for the page <strong>$1</strong>. 1475 2288 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Unlock move permissions 1476 2289 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Your account does not have permission to change page protection levels. Here are the current settings for the page <strong>$1</strong>: 1477 2290 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting 1478 2291 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default protected "[[$1]]" 1479 2292 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default This page provides interface text for the software, and is locked to prevent abuse. 1480 2293 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Protected page 1481 2294 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it.</strong> 1482 2295 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing. You can view and copy the source of this page: 1483 2296 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Protection log 1484 2297 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks and unlocks. 1485 2298 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Protect from moves only 1486 2299 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default (Protecting "$1") 1487 2300 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Protect this page 1488 2301 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker 1489 2302 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. 1490 2303 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Done. 1491 2304 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=$1 1492 2305 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Browse 1493 2306 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Edit 1494 2307 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Find 1495 2308 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default My pages 1496 2309 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Context 1497 2310 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Quickbar 1498 2311 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Special:Random 1499 2312 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Random redirect 1500 2313 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. 1501 2314 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Limit to categories (separate with "|") 1502 2315 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Any 1503 2316 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days<br />$3 1504 2317 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 1505 2318 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") 1506 2319 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in the last <strong>$2</strong> days, as of $3. 1507 2320 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown). 1508 2321 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Recent Changes Patrol disabled 1509 2322 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The Recent Changes Patrol feature is currently disabled. 1510 2323 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 anonymous users 1511 2324 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 bots 1512 2325 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 logged-in users 1513 2326 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 my edits 1514 2327 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits 1515 2328 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default $1 patrolled edits 1516 2329 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Database locked 1517 2330 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The database has been automatically locked while the slave database servers catch up to the master 1518 2331 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 1519 2332 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later.</strong> 1520 2333 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Special:Recentchanges 1521 2334 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default all 1522 2335 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Titles in recent changes: 1523 2336 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Related changes 1524 2337 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. 1525 2338 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Recreate 1526 2339 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default (Redirected from $1) 1527 2340 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Redirecting to [[$1]]... 1528 2341 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Redirect page 1529 2342 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Remember my login on this computer 1530 2343 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist 1531 2344 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist 1532 2345 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default The page "[[:$1]]" has been removed from your watchlist. 1533 2346 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... 1534 2347 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default Reset 1535 2348 2006-10-25T19:37:49Z MediaWiki default {{PLURAL:$1|one deleted edit|$1 deleted edits}} 1536 2349 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Restricted special pages 1537 2350 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Edit 1538 2351 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Move 1539 2352 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Hits per page: 1540 2353 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" 1541 2354 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Return to $1. 1542 2355 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Retype new password: 1543 2356 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Re-upload 1544 2357 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. 1545 2358 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default (comment removed) 1546 2359 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default <div class="mw-warning plainlinks"> This page revision has been removed from the public archives. There may be details in the [{{fullurl:Special:Log/delete|page={{PAGENAMEE}}}} deletion log]. </div> 1547 2360 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default <div class="mw-warning plainlinks"> This page revision has been removed from the public archives. As an administrator on this site you can view it; there may be details in the [{{fullurl:Special:Log/delete|page={{PAGENAMEE}}}} deletion log]. </div> 1548 2361 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default (username removed) 1549 2362 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default show/hide 1550 2363 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Hide edit comment 1551 2364 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Apply these restrictions to sysops as well as others 1552 2365 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Hide revision text 1553 2366 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Hide editor's username/IP 1554 2367 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Set revision restrictions: 1555 2368 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Log comment: 1556 2369 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default changed revision visibility for [[$1]] 1557 2370 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default You have not specified target revision or revisions to perform this function on. 1558 2371 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default No target revision 1559 2372 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Selected revision of [[:$1]]: 1560 2373 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Apply to selected revision 1561 2374 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Deleted revisions will still appear in the page history, but their text contents will be inaccessible to the public. Other admins on this wiki will still be able to access the hidden content and can undelete it again through this same interface, unless an additional restriction is placed by the site operators. 1562 2375 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision 1563 2376 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default rev 1564 2377 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default revert 1565 2378 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/$2|$2]] ([[User_talk:$2|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:$1|$1]] 1566 2379 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Revision history 1567 2380 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 1568 2381 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Delete/undelete revisions 1569 2382 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Revision not found 1570 2383 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 1571 2384 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc$1.txt 1572 2385 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Rights: 1573 2386 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default User rights log 1574 2387 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default changed group membership for $1 from $2 to $3 1575 2388 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default This is a log of changes to user rights. 1576 2389 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default (none) 1577 2390 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits 1578 2391 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Rollback 1579 2392 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed 1580 2393 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default rollback 1581 2394 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Rows: 1582 2395 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Sat 1583 2396 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Saturday 1584 2397 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Save page 1585 2398 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. 1586 2399 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Save file 1587 2400 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Save 1588 2401 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Save User Groups 1589 2402 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default [Interwiki transcluding is disabled] 1590 2403 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default [Template fetch failed for $1; sorry] 1591 2404 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default [URL is too long; sorry] 1592 2405 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Search 1593 2406 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Search for articles containing ''$1''. 1594 2407 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} search is disabled. You can search via Google in the meantime. Note that their indexes of {{SITENAME}} content may be out of date. 1595 2408 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Search full text 1596 2409 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Search for articles named ''$1''. 1597 2410 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Search results 1598 2411 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching {{SITENAME}}, see [[{{ns:project}}:Searching|Searching {{SITENAME}}]]. 1599 2412 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default You searched for '''[[:$1]]''' 1600 2413 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default You searched for '''$1''' 1601 2414 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default → 1602 2415 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison 1603 2416 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison 1604 2417 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Source and destination titles are the same; can't move a page over itself. 1605 2418 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' This page has been locked so that only registered users can edit it. 1606 2419 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Sep 1607 2420 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default September 1608 2421 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default September 1609 2422 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Server time 1610 2423 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default <strong>Sorry! We could not process your edit due to a loss of session data. Please try again. If it still doesn't work, try logging out and logging back in.</strong> 1611 2424 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default <strong>Sorry! We could not process your edit due to a loss of session data.</strong> ''Because this wiki has raw HTML enabled, the preview is hidden as a precaution against JavaScript attacks.'' <strong>If this is a legitimate edit attempt, please try again. If it still doesn't work, try logging out and logging back in.</strong> 1612 2425 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default There seems to be a problem with your login session; this action has been canceled as a precaution against session hijacking. Please hit "back" and reload the page you came from, then try again. 1613 2426 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 1614 2427 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Set user rights 1615 2428 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag 1616 2429 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default - 1617 2430 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default This file is a shared upload and may be used by other projects. 1618 2431 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Please see the $1 for further information. 1619 2432 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default file description page 1620 2433 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default 1621 2434 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Download high resolution version ($1x$2, $3 KB) 1622 2435 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show changes 1623 2436 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default ($1 bots) 1624 2437 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Showing below up to <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 1625 2438 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 1626 2439 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 files sorted $2. 1627 2440 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Live preview 1628 2441 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show preview 1629 2442 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default show 1630 2443 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 1631 2444 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp 1632 2445 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default {{int:loginend}} 1633 2446 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default - 1634 2447 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} statistics 1635 2448 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. '''$8''' files have been uploaded. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. The [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue job queue] length is '''$7'''. 1636 2449 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default 1637 2450 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Project:Site support 1638 2451 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} 1639 2452 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} user $1 1640 2453 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} user(s) $1 1641 2454 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Skin 1642 2455 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default (Preview) 1643 2456 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default SORBS DNSBL 1644 2457 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Your IP address is listed as an open proxy in the [http://www.sorbs.net SORBS] DNSBL. You cannot create an account 1645 2458 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Your IP address is listed as an open proxy in the [http://www.sorbs.net SORBS] DNSBL. 1646 2459 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Source filename 1647 2460 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default For newbies 1648 2461 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Newer $1 1649 2462 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Older $1 1650 2463 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show new images starting from $1 1651 2464 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default All revisions contained links to $1, blanking 1652 2465 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Reverting to last version not containing links to $1 1653 2466 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki spam cleanup 1654 2467 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default The following text is what triggered our spam filter: $1 1655 2468 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. 1656 2469 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Spam protection filter 1657 2470 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Title: 1658 2471 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default User: 1659 2472 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default 1660 2473 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users 1661 2474 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default (SQL query hidden) 1662 2475 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Statistics 1663 2476 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Most viewed pages 1664 2477 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Stored version 1665 2478 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display: 1666 2479 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Subcategories 1667 2480 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default There {{PLURAL:$1|is one subcategory|are $1 subcategories}} to this category. 1668 2481 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline 1669 2482 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Successful upload 1670 2483 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Summary 1671 2484 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Sun 1672 2485 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Sunday 1673 2486 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default No results 1674 2487 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show $1 items per page 1675 2488 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Previous page 1676 2489 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default From {{SITENAME}} 1677 2490 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default '''The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually.''' 1678 2491 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. 1679 2492 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved. 1680 2493 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default <!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --> 1681 2494 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default View template page 1682 2495 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Templates used on this page: 1683 2496 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Editing 1684 2497 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Page text matches 1685 2498 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? 1686 2499 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default A password reminder has already been sent, within the last $1 hours. To prevent abuse, only one password reminder will be sent per $1 hours. 1687 2500 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Thu 1688 2501 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Enlarge 1689 2502 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Error creating thumbnail: $1 1690 2503 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 1691 2504 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Thursday 1692 2505 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Time zone 1693 2506 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Offset¹ 1694 2507 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default The number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 1695 2508 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Article title matches 1696 2509 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Contents 1697 2510 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Mark edits I make as patrolled 1698 2511 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Edit pages on double click (JavaScript) 1699 2512 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing via [edit] links 1700 2513 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing by right clicking<br /> on section titles (JavaScript) 1701 2514 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Edit box has full width 1702 2515 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default E-mail me also for minor edits of pages 1703 2516 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Reveal my e-mail address in notification mails 1704 2517 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default E-mail me when my user talk page is changed 1705 2518 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Expand watchlist to show all applicable changes 1706 2519 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Use external diff by default 1707 2520 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Use external editor by default 1708 2521 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Raw signatures (without automatic link) 1709 2522 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Prompt me when entering a blank edit summary 1710 2523 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Hide minor edits in recent changes 1711 2524 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Format broken links <a href="" class="new">like this</a> (alternative: like this<a href="" class="internal">?</a>). 1712 2525 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Justify paragraphs 1713 2526 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Mark all edits minor by default 1714 2527 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Disable page caching 1715 2528 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Disable variants conversion 1716 2529 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Auto-number headings 1717 2530 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show preview on first edit 1718 2531 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show preview before edit box 1719 2532 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Remember my login on this computer 1720 2533 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Enable "jump to" accessibility links 1721 2534 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show the number of watching users 1722 2535 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show table of contents (for pages with more than 3 headings) 1723 2536 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show edit toolbar (JavaScript) 1724 2537 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Underline links: 1725 2538 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Use live preview (JavaScript) (Experimental) 1726 2539 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Enhanced recent changes (JavaScript) 1727 2540 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Add pages I create to my watchlist 1728 2541 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Add pages I edit to my watchlist 1729 2542 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Hide bot edits from the watchlist 1730 2543 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Hide my edits from the watchlist 1731 2544 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Toolbox 1732 2545 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] 1733 2546 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Show which changes you made to the text. [alt-v] 1734 2547 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] 1735 2548 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] 1736 2549 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Recreate the page despite it has been deleted 1737 2550 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Save your changes [alt-s] 1738 2551 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Search {{SITENAME}} [alt-f] 1739 2552 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w] 1740 2553 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 1741 2554 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default <div id="mw_trackbacks"> Trackbacks for this article:<br /> $1 </div> 1742 2555 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default The trackback was successfully deleted. 1743 2556 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki> 1744 2557 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Trackback 1745 2558 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default ([$1 Delete]) 1746 2559 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Try exact match 1747 2560 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Tue 1748 2561 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Tuesday 1749 2562 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. 1750 2563 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days. 1751 2564 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default (top) 1752 2565 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default User ID: 1753 2566 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default [[User:$1|$1]] has been unblocked 1754 2567 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Unblock user 1755 2568 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. 1756 2569 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default unblock 1757 2570 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default unblocked $1 1758 2571 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized categories 1759 2572 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default 1760 2573 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized images 1761 2574 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default 1762 2575 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized pages 1763 2576 2006-10-25T19:37:50Z MediaWiki default 1764 2577 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Undelete {{PLURAL:$1|one edit|$1 edits}} 1765 2578 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 1766 2579 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Restore 1767 2580 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Comment: 1768 2581 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default restored "[[$1]]" 1769 2582 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default $1 file(s) restored 1770 2583 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default <big>'''$1 has been restored'''</big> Consult the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 1771 2584 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions restored 1772 2585 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions and $2 file(s) restored 1773 2586 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default To restore the entire page, leave all checkboxes deselected and click '''''Restore'''''. To perform a selective restoration, check the boxes corresponding to the revisions to be restored, and click '''''Restore'''''. Clicking '''''Reset''''' will clear the comment field and all checkboxes. 1774 2587 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. 1775 2588 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default This article has been deleted. The reason for deletion is shown in the summary below, along with details of the users who had edited this page before deletion. The actual text of these deleted revisions is only available to administrators. 1776 2589 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages 1777 2590 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. 1778 2591 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Reset 1779 2592 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 1780 2593 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived 1781 2594 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Browser default 1782 2595 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Never 1783 2596 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". 1784 2597 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default px 1785 2598 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 1786 2599 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. 1787 2600 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 1788 2601 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed 1789 2602 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. 1790 2603 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. 1791 2604 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default unprotect 1792 2605 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting 1793 2606 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default unprotected "[[$1]]" 1794 2607 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") 1795 2608 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Unprotect this page 1796 2609 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Unused categories 1797 2610 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default The following category pages exist although no other article or category make use of them. 1798 2611 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Unused files 1799 2612 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default <p>Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use.</p> 1800 2613 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Unused templates 1801 2614 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default 1802 2615 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default This page lists all pages in the template namespace which are not included in another page. Remember to check for other links to the templates before deleting them. 1803 2616 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default other links 1804 2617 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Unwatch 1805 2618 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Unwatched pages 1806 2619 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default 1807 2620 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Stop watching 1808 2621 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default (Updated) 1809 2622 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default updated since my last visit 1810 2623 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default The upload directory ($1) is not writable by the webserver. 1811 2624 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default (a file on your computer) 1812 2625 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default (a valid, publicly accessible URL) 1813 2626 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Upload file 1814 2627 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default The file is corrupt or has an incorrect extension. Please check the file and upload again. 1815 2628 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Uploads disabled 1816 2629 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default File uploads are disabled on this wiki. 1817 2630 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default uploaded "[[$1]]" 1818 2631 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Upload error 1819 2632 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default upload log 1820 2633 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Upload log 1821 2634 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. 1822 2635 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Upload a new version of this file 1823 2636 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1824 2637 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to upload files. 1825 2638 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default This file contains HTML or script code that may be erroneously be interpreted by a web browser. 1826 2639 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log/upload|upload log]]. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:image}}:File.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:image}}:File.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:media}}:File.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 1827 2640 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default The file contains a virus! Details: $1 1828 2641 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Upload warning 1829 2642 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" updated</b> 1830 2643 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default <strong>Tip:</strong> Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new CSS/JS before saving. 1831 2644 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved!''' 1832 2645 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Username entered already in use. Please choose a different name. 1833 2646 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default '''Warning:''' There is no skin "$1". Remember that custom .css and .js pages use a lowercase title, e.g. User:Foo/monobook.css as opposed to User:Foo/Monobook.css. 1834 2647 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user JavaScript, it has not yet been saved!''' 1835 2648 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Log in / create account 1836 2649 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Log out 1837 2650 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 1838 2651 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Username: 1839 2652 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default View user page 1840 2653 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default User rights management 1841 2654 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Edit user groups 1842 2655 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Available groups: 1843 2656 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to. Unselected groups will not be changed. You can deselect a group with CTRL + Left Click 1844 2657 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Member of: 1845 2658 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Manage user groups 1846 2659 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default 1847 2660 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default User statistics 1848 2661 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users, of which '''$2''' (or '''$4%''') are $5. 1849 2662 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default kk 1850 2663 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default kk-cn 1851 2664 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default kk-kz 1852 2665 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default kk-tr 1853 2666 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default sr 1854 2667 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default sr-ec 1855 2668 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default sr-el 1856 2669 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default sr-jc 1857 2670 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default sr-jl 1858 2671 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default zh 1859 2672 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default cn 1860 2673 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default hk 1861 2674 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default sg 1862 2675 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default tw 1863 2676 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Version 1864 2677 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Version $1 of MediaWiki required 1865 2678 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Version $1 of MediaWiki is required to use this page. See [[Special:Version]] 1866 2679 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed {{plural:$1|one time|$1 times}}. 1867 2680 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default View help page 1868 2681 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default View logs for this page 1869 2682 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). 1870 2683 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Views 1871 2684 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default for $1 1872 2685 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Wanted categories 1873 2686 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default 1874 2687 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages 1875 2688 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default 1876 2689 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default * {{PLURAL:$1|$1 page|$1 pages}} watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] * [[Special:Watchlist/clear|Remove all pages]] 1877 2690 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched content pages. 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Please try again. 1912 2725 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Password entered was blank. Please try again. 1913 2726 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default You have new messages on $1 1914 2727 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Differences 1915 2728 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Your domain 1916 2729 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default E-mail *: 1917 2730 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Language: 1918 2731 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Username 1919 2732 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Nickname: 1920 2733 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Password 1921 2734 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Retype password 1922 2735 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Your text 1923 2736 2006-10-25T19:37:51Z MediaWiki default Variant 1924 2737 2006-10-28T00:25:31Z Dcljr 19 page created This wiki contains {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. [[en:User:Dcljr]] 1925 2740 2006-10-30T09:39:24Z 130.54.12.243 Aga abangon. Ehemplo: Naogip ak la nen sinmabi so amak. 1926 2741 2006-10-30T09:41:09Z 130.54.12.243 isusulong na too Ehemplo: Makapal la so kawes ko, balet ambetel ak ni ya sansia. 1927 2743 2006-10-30T09:45:09Z 130.54.12.245 luluganan na too ed dayat o ilog Ehemplo: Akalugan ed melag ya baloto si Mitch ya manpaarap ed basil na ilog nen walay limmabas ya buwayan kasinbaleg to may baloto. 1928 2745 2006-10-30T10:01:08Z 130.54.12.243 Ehemplo: Say karaklan na saray totoo dia, maninisia ed kasil na loob da. 1929 2746 2006-10-30T10:03:20Z 130.54.12.246 Ehemplo: Bayes ka lan bayes na kaarian na arom. Ag ka ta makalagey ya anggapoy baston na arom? 1930 2747 2006-10-30T10:05:53Z 130.54.12.247 Ehemplo: Malinew ya singa danom so panangarok ed sika. 1931 2749 2006-10-30T10:08:12Z 130.54.12.247 Ehemplo: Arom so arom ran totoo so sakey ya bangat na Katawan. 1932 2751 2006-10-30T11:32:57Z Davidcannon 21 There are now {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles in Pangasinan (PAG) of the Philippines. * 1 October 2006: 1 article. 1933 2753 2006-10-31T08:21:39Z Arikasikis 11 Inkerew na perdona o pabor Ehemplo: Mikasi pa ak ed sika ya lingwanan mo la so kolkolan ta nensaman. 1934 2754 2006-10-31T08:26:42Z Arikasikis 11 Ehemplo: Nanonotan koy samit na ugalin diad balingit na sarayan rosas. 1935 2755 2006-10-31T08:28:12Z Arikasikis 11 Ehemplo: Salien kon langoyen paulad basil na ilog. 1936 2834 2006-11-05T07:35:41Z 202.71.92.74 I-click yo may link diad leksab umpian unla ed Dictionari na English-Pangasinan.<br> ''Please click the link below to go to the English to Pangasinan Dictionary'' [[Listaan na Salitan English]] 1937 2882 2006-11-22T15:19:05Z 202.71.92.74 I-click yo labat so letran gapo na salitan aanapen yo. * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed A|A]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed B|B]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed C|C]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed D|D]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed E|E]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed F|F]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed G|G]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed H|H]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed I|I]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed J|J]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed K|K]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed L|L]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed M|M]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed N|N]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed O|O]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed P|P]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed Q|Q]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed R|R]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed S|S]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed T|T]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed U|U]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed V|V]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed W|W]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed X|X]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed Y|Y]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan ya manggagapo ed Z|Z]] [[kareenan]] [[panangaro]] 1938 2769 2006-10-31T09:07:28Z Arikasikis 11 1940 2851 2006-11-19T12:46:37Z 202.71.92.74 /* ap */ ===a=== # a [[sakey]] # abandon kaindan, paulian # abase abeba # abbreviate patikey # abide mansiansia, on-ag-alis # ability kaya, sarag, nayarian # abode ayaman # abolish ekalen, palisen # abolition pakaekal # about nipaakar ed, ngalngali # above tagey # abound kapno, calaan # abreast caampar # abrupt mapareng # absent andi dia # absent-minded malingwan # absorb sepsepen # abstain paliisan # abstinence mapaliis # abundance karaklan # abuse duksa, lames, loor, ikana ed agkatonongan # accede miabobon # accelerate peles, siglat, manganat # accept akoen # acceptable makana, aawaten # accessible naakar # accident disgrasya # accomodate padakesen # accompany ibaan # accomplish nagawaan # according [[onong]] # accordingly onong lanti # accurate ag-oncasipa # achieve gamoran # acid apseng # acknowledge akoen-ya-kabat # acquaint mikabat # acquire nagegemtan # across basil, baliw, biek # act gawa # actual peles # adapt usoen # add aroman # address (verb) mansalita # adjacent kaabay # adjourn mansisiaan # adopt iwien # admit akoen # adult matakken, ataonan # adultery pikakalngoran # advantage talonggaring # adventure ipalaran ===af=== # afar [[arawi]] # affair kimey # affirm paletan # aflict dusaen # affloat manletletao # afraid antakot # after kayari # afternoon [[ngarem]] # again [[lamet]] # against sungpa # age [[taon]] # aggravate palaloen # agile makitsing # agitation golo # ago nen saman # agony gonigon # agree mitonong # agreement nan-nonongan, paknaan # agriculture panagdalus # aid tolongan # aim getma # air [[dagem]] # ajar atenieg ===ak=== # alarm pakabat na mauges # albumen ampoti icnol # alcohol alac, alcohol # alert malicsi # alien sankaili ed nacion # alight epas ed luganan # align dasig, petek # alike manpadpara # alive mabilay # all amin # alley melag ya dalan # alliance moyongan # alligator buaya # allow abuloyan, buloyan # almost ngalngali, dawit-dawit # alms payabol # alone bokbokor, begtao # along kaiba # along-side kaoksoy # alphabet letras na salita # already la # also met # alternate kasublayan # although angaman # altitude kaatagey # altogether amin # always lanang, naynay, lawas # amaze kelawan, pankelawan # ambition pilalek # amendment pangapiger # amiable maararo # amidst manpepegleyan # amongst naleleetan # amount karakel # amusement panliketan # an sakey # analogy kaolibay # analyze salaysay-en # ancestor ateng # anchor pataga # ancient daan # and tan, san # anger pasnok, sanok # animal ayep # animosity gula # ankle batangan # announce ipakabat # announcement pakabat # annoy solon-en # annual tinaon # anoint puyokan # another sananey # answer ebat, esel # ant gilata # anxiety panpirawat # any siopaman # anybody anggansiopaman # anyhow anggaman ontan # anything anggan anto # anywhere anggan iner ===ap=== # apart [[nibiig]] # apperture panlucas # apparel [[kawes]] # appear onpatnag # appetite maong a panangan # applaud tipakan # apply onparongtal # appoint toto-en # appreciate pabli-en # approach asinggeran # approve aboloyan # apron tapis # arbitrary agnapising # arch basikaw # archipelago polok na polpolo # area kaawang # argue man-katonong-an # argument sangsangan, singbatan # arid andi-tanaman # arise alagey # arm taklay # army ejercitos # aroma [[balingit]] # around kaliber-liber # arouse liingen # arrest erelen # arrive [[sabi]] # arrow pana # article bengatla # artesian well tuwato # as singa # ascend onatagey # ash dapol # ashamed abaingan # ashore nisakda # ask kerew # ask (as in question) tepeten # ask mercy [[mikasi]] # ask permission patanir # asleep [[naogip]] # assembly singbatan, dongoan # assert ikolkol # assign ipasen # association pililimog # assurance pansiguroan # astern masoner # astonish nikelawan # astounding makapakelkelaw # at diad # atmosphere dagem # attach kabit # attack bacalen # attempt [[salien]] # attend dago # attention imano # attribute inkawalna ===au=== # audible narengel # audience saray mandengel # aunt panginaen # author nansulat # avarice agum # avenge onbales # avoid iwas, paliis # await awaten # awake aliing # away andi-dia # awkward mabanday # ax wasay # axle sibagnan 1941 2776 2006-10-31T09:22:00Z Arikasikis 11 ===b=== # baby ugaw ya melag # bachelor balolaki # back (as in part of the body) beneg # back pawel # backbone tenten # backward sener # bad mauges # bag supot # baggage balcot # bait tapang # bake urnoen # balance simbangan # bald yangyangen # ballroom sayawan # bamboo kawayan # banana punti # bandage perper # banner laylay # baptise binyag # barbarian bugkalot # barber pumopoklis # bare-footed kasali-sali # bare-headed caolo-olo # bargain (to make a bargain) tawalan # bark (e.g. of dog) dangol # bark (e.g. of tree) obak # barn kamilir # base letnegan # bashful mabaing # basin palanggana # basis sengegan # basket baksot # bat kaging # bathe ames # battle bakal # bazaar lakoan # beach baybay, guilig na dayat # beak tepek # bean agayep # beard balbal # beast ayep # beatitude kapalaran # beautiful magana, malinggas, malimgas # because ta, lapud # become maliw, manmaliw # bed dukulan # bee potiokan # beef karne baka # beetle balangobang # before nen saman # before (e.g. in front) arap # beggar payabol # begin gapo # behave manbinta # behavior kiwas # behind beneg # being kiwawala # belief pananisia # belief pananisia # believe manisia, sisia # belly eges # belly button puseg # belong kabiangan # below leksab, beba # belt balkes # beneath lepsag # benefit minabang, pinabang, gongona # bequeath ipatawir # beseech pikasi # beside kaabay, sanabay # best sankamaongan, kamaomaongan # bet pusta # betray itapat # better magmaong # between naleetan # beyond labas ===bf=== # Bible Biblia # big baleg # bigamy doaray asawa # bill tepek # bind (e.g. a number of sticks) berber, latop # big baleg # bird manok # birth kianak # birtday inkianak # birthmark siring # bite ketket # bitter ampait ===bk=== # black andeket # bladder birong # blade tarem # blame pankasalanan # blanket oles # blaze ulam, pool # bleed ondala # blemish mansa # blend kames # blind bulag # block (e.g. a way) sara, sanib, sabat # blood dala # blow isibok, onsiplog # blue inanagan, azul # blush ambalangay lupa # board tabla # boat [[baloto]], bangka, parao # body laman # boil (e.g. on skin) larag # boil (e.g. water) onloag # bold mabayani # bone pokel # bone (e.g. in fish) sabit # book libro (Span.) # border ketegan # born nianak # borrow [[bayes]] # boss kapatas, pangolo # both sikaran dua # bottom dalem # bounce poktal # bow igalang # bowl yaong # bowlegged pakang # bottle poronggo # box kaban # boy lakin ugaw ===bp=== # brain otek # branch sanga # brass gansa # brave masibeg, mabayani # bravery sibeg # bread tinapay # break (e.g. a wood) puter # break (e.g. glass) bitagen # breakfast almosal # breast suso # breast (chest) pagew # breastbone pokel na pagew # breathe ingas, linawa # bride nobia # bridegroom nobio # bridge taytay # bridle pakalat # bright (as in with light) maliwawa, marlang, masnag # brim sangat # bring awiten # bring back pawil # broad maawang # broken aputer, abetag # brook kolos # broom panis # brother agi-ya-laki # brow kirep # brown kayomanggi # bruise sireg # brutal inayep ===bu=== # bubble bura # bug piseng, sibaweng # build paalagey # bulge onbisog # bulging butirog # bull baka # bundle balkot # burn puol # bury kotkot # business kimey # busy makuli # but balet, ingen # butterfly kompapey # buttocks ebet # buy saliw # by ed, abay 1942 2777 2006-10-31T09:22:51Z Arikasikis 11 ===c=== # cackle onkotak # calf (of cow) kelaw na baka # calf (as in part of leg) bikkeng # call tawagen # callous immawet # calm mareen # can (as in potential) nayari-an # candy masamit # cap kipes # capable makayari # capital kabisera # captive akakep # car luganan ya kotse # carabao dueg # carbon uring # carcass bankay na ayep # care talimaen # careful maalwar # careless dalakorak # cargo awit, lugan # carpenter panday # carry awiten # cart kariton # carve ibangbang # casket longon # cast (out) bantak # cat pusa # catch sampaten # cathecism katekismo # cattle baka # cause sengegan, pansengegan # cavity longon # cease tonda # ceiling gobida # celebrate pan-liketan # celestial mangatatawen # cemetery kamposanto # censure pasnokan # center pegley # centipede gamayan # century siglo, sanlasus taon # ceremony oksoy, seremonia ===cf=== # chaff taep # chain golong-golong # chair yorongan # challenge ayatan # chance kapalaran # change salatan # channel banawang # chapter kapitulo # character kabibilay # charcoal uring # chase abol, usil # chastise dusaen # chat daldal, dalatdat, talabit # chatter manlabir # cheap mamura # cheat mansaol # cheek aping # cheer paliketen # chest pagew # chick sisiw # chief manona # chiefly nagkalalo # child ugaw, anak # childhood kaugawan # children ugugaw # chilly ambetel # chin baba # chip sapsap # choice pilien # chop popoen # Christmas Inkianak # church simbaan # circle malimpek # circumcission segat, galsim # circumstance kipapasen # citizen mibabaley # city baley ===ck=== # clamp sipit # clap mantipak # clatter ontalokotok # claw gamet # clean malimgas, malinis # clear [[malinew]] # clerk sumusulat # clever masilib # click tapik, tiktik # climb (e.g. a tree) kalab, dagi # climb (e.g. a stair) segep, tatdang # cling peket # close (e.g. a door) sara, kaput # close (e.g. eyes) pikit # closet silir # cloth abel # clothing [[kawes]] # cloud lorem # cloudy malorem # club pekpek # clump bonton # clumsy masional # coarse magasal # coast gilig na dayat # cock lalong # cockpit bulangan # coconut niog # coffee kafe # coin kuwarta, pilak # cold (temperature) betel # colds (illness) panateng # colic sibok # collapse gaygay # collar biklew na aysing # colleck singilen # collide milupa # comb sagaysay # combine tipon # come ondago, galaen # come (in) loob # come (out) paway # come (up) segep # community komyunidad (Span.) # common [[karaklan]] # companion iba # company olop # compare yalimbawa, ipara # compassion abagey # compel pasuoten # complain reklamo # complete sumpalen # complexion kolor na lupa # complement pagalang # comprehend talosan # comrade iba # conceal iyamot # conceit pasirayew # conception kaisipan # concerning nipakar # condemn naplagan na dusa # condescend manpaabeba # condition kipapasen # conduct kagagawa # confess mangipatua # confine ipokok # confirm paletan # conflict supiatan # confuse elewen # congregation moyong # conscience isip, liknaan # consecutive mantotombokan # consent aboloy # conserve gimper, inot # consider isipen # consistent masiansia # consolation ligliwa # conspicuous mapatnag # constant matoor # constipation agmakabawas # consult mibalita # consume opoten # consume opot # contain luganen # content napera # contest salian # continue ituloy # contradict supiatan # contrary sungpa # contribute osos, iter # control oleyan # convenient matokoy # conversation tongtongan # convert pangomanen # convince napanisia # convulsion kelat # coo keteketeken # cook luto # cook (person) lumuluto # cool ambetel # coop kulungan # cord lubir # core otel # cork pulet # corn mais (Span.) # corner sukong, suyok # corpse bangkay # correct susto # corrupt marutak # cost (verb) manbayar # cotton kapes # cough on-okok # count bilang # countless agnabilang # country dalin # couple sanparis # courage sibeg # court okom # courtship panamag, karaw # cousin kapinsan # cover sakob, sakbongan # coward matakot ===cp=== # crab alama # crack [[lamat]] # cradle andoyan # cramp [[mankelat]] # crank peyesan # crawfish kising-kising # crawl onkorong # crazy ambagel # crease atopian na keskes # create lesa, palesa # creator manamalsa # creation pamalsa # creator manamalsa # creature pinalsa # creed pananisia # cricket wirwir # cripple piley # crockery (earthenware) damdamili # crocodile buaya # crooked pikewet, baskweng # cross (e.g. a river) baliw # cross kruz # crow wakwak # crow (verb) onkokaok # crowd olop # crown panlok # crucify ipasak ed kruz # cruel maruksa # crumb mikmik # cry [[onakis]] ===cu=== # cultivate dalos, alilaen # cunning masilib # cup yaong ya inumen # curdle pakigtelen # cure tambalen # current agos, anor # curse ayew # curtain sanib # custom ugali # cut popoen, poltoten, katlien # cute masonong 1943 2778 2006-10-31T09:23:51Z Arikasikis 11 ===da=== # daily inagew-agew # damage deral # damp nennab # dance sayaw # dark ambilonget # darkness kabilongetan # darn sorsian # date bilang na agew # dawn palbangon # day agew # dead inatey # deaf telek # dear pinablin, pinabli # death patey # debate supiatan # debt utang # debtor akautang # decay bokbok # deceive bulagen # decent matukoy # decide gagalaen # deck (of a ship) kasig # declare isalaysay # decoration arkos # decree gangan # dedicate italaga # deed gawa # deep aralem # deer ulsa # defend yagel # defile dutaken # define paliwawaen # definite nibiig # dejection panunaw # delay abalaen # delegate pinagkalupa # delight ligsa # deliver iter # deluge delap # demonstrate ipanengneng # deny ibeneg # dense mapalet, aseksek # depart ontaynan # deprave paugesen # deprive paandian # descend onlasor # describe paliwawaen, kanegnengan # desire panpilalekan # desolate begbegtaw # despair andiay ilalo # destroy deralen # destruction kadederal # detach apnit # determine ninonot ya gawaen # develop aligwas, aliguas # devil tokso # devise oksoyen # devour opoten # dew linaew ===df=== # diarrhoea empatcho # die ompatey # differ miduma # difference pandumaan # different sananey, duma # difficult mairap # dig kotkoten # digest tunawen # dignity dignidad (Span.) # digits (as in fingers) gamet # dike dike # diligent makuli # dim aliwan maliwawa # dimple abat-na-aping # dinner pandem # dip ikaor # direct itonton # dirt dutak # dirty marutak # disagree mi-agnonong # disappear onandi # disapprove ag-abobon-an # disassemble bagbag # disciple babangatan # discipline oksoy # discourage patabangen # discover sukay, anap, kusimat # discuss tongtongan # disease sakit # dish lipong # dishonor kabandayan # dismantle bagbag # disorder akosokoso # disposition walna # dispute supiaten # distress gonigon # dive onlegep # diversity nambabangil # divide palduwaen, apagen # divine maridios # divorce pansian ===dk=== # do gawa # doctor mananambal # doctrine [[bangat]] # dodge onlikir # dog aso # doll anak-anak # door pinto, puwerta (Span.) # double doble # doubt panduarua # dove malapati # down lepsag # dozen dosena ===dp=== # draw onkaor # dragonfly andiret # dream kugip # dress kawes # drink on-inom # drizzle maya maya # drop (as in water) terter # drop (verb) ipelag # drought tiagew # drown lener # drunk abuek # dragonfly andiret # dream kugip # drink inom # drizzle maya-maya # dry amaga ===du=== # duck itik # dull epel # dumb emel # dung tai # durable malet, mapaot # duration kabayagan # dust dabok, sapok # dusty marabok, masapok # dwarf onano 1944 2853 2006-11-19T12:59:54Z 202.71.92.74 /* ep */ ===ea=== # each balang # ear layag # ear-ache sakit na layag # early masakbay # earnest masimoon # earth dalin # earthquake yegyeg # ease gano # east bokig # easy mainomay, magano # eat mangan # ebb (tide) kati # echo al-alig # edge gilig # eel olsob ===ef=== # effect nasungpalan # egg iknol # eight walora # eighth kumawalo # either balangla # eject lua ===ek=== # elbow siko # elder panguloan # elect pilien, toroen # elevate ipaatagey # else arum # embark onlugan # embrace lakapen # emotion liknaan # emphasis ipurek # employ pakimey-an # empty andilugan # enclose kobkob-en, liber-en # end sampot, anggaan, kasampotan # endless ag-naandi, andi-angaan # endure mantepel # energy kasil # enjoy panliketan # enlarge pabalegen # enormous balbaleg # enough nagnap # enter onloob # entertain manangkaili # entire amin # envy sibletan ===ep=== # equal nanpara # erase purak, papas, buralen # erect maptek # erect (as in penis) on-atol # error lingo, aliwa # essential nakaukulan # eternity andi-angaan ===eu=== # eulogy pandayew # even mapatad # even (adverb) anggan, lanti # evening labi # event agawa # ever (adverb) lawas # every balng # evil mauges # exact kasukatan # examine imanoen # example alimbawa # exceed onsulok # excel laslasan # exception nilikod # excess sulok # exchange salatan # excitement pakelaw # excuse baraan, itepel # exhibit ipanengneng # exodus ipaway # expand onbaleg # expect ilaloan # expel ikalen # expensive mabli # experience salsali # expert sanay # expression panangibaga # exterior paway # extinction kaopot, kasimot # extra kera # extract bagot # extreme alabas # eye mata # eye brow kirep # eye lash goyamgoyam # eye lid lokab-lokab 1945 2887 2006-11-23T10:14:02Z 202.71.92.74 /* fk */ ===fa=== # fable tongtong # face lupa # fact agawa, tua # fade onpuraw, onpaspas # fail na-saew # faint na-yengyeng # fake bulaw # fall na-pelag # false aliwa, aliwan tua # familiar kabkabat, kailoaman # family boleg, kabaley # famous bantog, mabalbalita # fan paypay # far arawi # farewell patanir # farm uma # farmer tumatanem # farther aragdawi # fast maples, masiglat # fast ipeket, ipasen # fat mataba # fatal makapatey # fate kapalaran # father ama # fatigue kesaw # fault kasalanan # favor abobon # fear takot # feather bago # feeble makapoy # feed pakanen # feel likna, likas # feeling liknaan # fellow kaparan too # fellowship pandoroypo # female bii # fence alar # ferment on-balio # ferry balsa # fertilize patabaen # fever petang # few pirpigara, daiset ===ff=== # fiber kanot, linat # field uma # fierce masibeg # fifth kumalima # fight (noun) kulkulan # fight (verb) kabil-en # figure numero # fill pano-en # filter sapit # fin gigim, pawak-pawak # final kasumpalan # find anap-en, almo-en # fine maong # finger gamet # finish sumpal-en # fire pool, apuy # firefly kankanti # firm ma-biskeg # first onaan # fish ikan, sira # fishpond tanggal, look # fist ponite # fit on-inangay, onkagit # five limara # fix apiger-en ===fk=== # flag laylay # flame dalang # flat matapiak # flesh laman # flight batik # fling i-bantak # flint paminki # float on-letaw # flood delap # floor datal # flow agos # flower dalapdap, bulaklak, rosas # fly on-tekyab # foam sabo # foe kabusol # fog kelpa # fold tupi-en # follow (as in obey) sunor-en # follow tombok-en # food panangan, kanen # fool ambagel # foot sali # foot (sole) dapan # for onkanad, lapor # forbid sebel # force (e.g. a person) pasoot # force biskeg, kasil # forearm taklay # forehead moling # foreigner sankaili # forest kakiewan, katakelan # foretell ipa-kabat # forever anggad angga # forum pulong # forget lingwan-an # forgive perdona-en # fork tinidor, turok # former akauna # fornication pikalugoran # forsake kaindan # forth solong # fortnight duway-simba # fortunate mapalar # foundation letnegan # fountain subol # four apatera # fourth kumapat # forty apataplo # forward solong ===fp=== # fragrant ambalingit # fraternity panaagi # free bolos # freedom inkabolos # frequency betbet # frequent mabetbet # fresh tarios # fretful maingongot # friction gasgas, gasigas # friend kaaro # frighten taktakot-en # fringe sambre-sambre # frog patang # from manlapu # front arap # froth bura # frown on-sibangot # fruit bunga # fry titi-en ===fu=== # full napno, apano # fun elekan # funny makapalek # furnish ikda-an # furrow leet na binaka # further aragdawi # future arapen 1946 2830 2006-10-31T10:19:10Z Arikasikis 11 ===ga=== # gain tobo-en # gallop tabko-en # gamble mi-sugal # game galaw # gap leet # garden tanamanan # gargle man-komokomo # gash sugat # gasp a-boten linawa # gather tipon-en # gay (as in happy) magayaga, maliket # gay (as in homosexual) bakla # gaze oni-neng-en # general karaklan # generous maiter, mapalangkap # gentle maoyamo # germ bigis # gesture awes # get ala-en # get well abig ===gf=== # ghost aniani # giddy manaklew # gift pamalangkap, panangaro # gill asang # girdle balkes # give itdan, mangi-iter ===gk=== # glare (stare) linggis # glass salming # glass baso # gleam na-sinag # glean man-tortor # glory nagalang # gnash man-nangalatenget # gnaw kibkib-en ===gp=== # go to school urong # go la-en, ula # goat kanding # God Dios # gold balitok # good maong # goods tagilako # goodness kamaungan # goose ganzo # gore pika-en # gorge kelas # gossip tongtong # govern man-oley # grab sinkat-en # graceful maliga # grade balitang, grado # grain ilik # grand baleg # grandfather laki # grandmother bae # grasp sinkat-en # grass dika # great baleg, apo # green berde (Span.) # green (unripe) maeta # greet bano-en # grief ermen # grind giling-en # groan (verb) man-aglem # groin el-el # ground dalin # grove kakikiewan # grow (plants) on-tobo # grow (animals) on-baleg # growl on-dangol # grudge inglit # grumble man-ngoro-ngoro # grunt man-gokgok ===gu=== # guard man-bantay # guess parles, padisir # guest sankaili # guide pangolo # guile silib # guilt kasalanan # gulp bikler-en # gun paltog # gutter salologan 1947 2833 2006-11-05T07:32:52Z 202.71.92.74 /* hf */ ===ha=== # habit iloam, pasal # habitation ayaman # hair buwek # half kapalduwa # halt on-tonda # halter lubir na pagod # ham hamon (Span.) # hammer martillo # hand lima # handle egnaan # hang i-sabit # happen agawa # happiness liket # happy maliket # harbor panaloan ed dayat # hard (adj) anawet # hardness awet # hardship irap # harelip ngongo # harlot pianga # harpoon panay sira # harrow pana # harsh napasang # harvest panag-ani # hatch posnak-en # have wala # hawk baga # hay dayami # haze kilot na tawen # he sikato, sikara # head ulo # heal tambal-en # health abig, kasil # heap losbo # hear dengel-en # heart puso # heat petang # heathen bugkalot # heaven tawen # heaviness belat # heavy ambelat # heel mokor # height katagey # heir tumatawir # heavy ambelat # hell impiyerno (Span.) # helm timon # help tulong-an # hem saloy # hemp abaka # herd pulok na ayep # here dia # hero daydayewen na lapag ===hf=== # hide amot, yamot # hideous makapataktakot # high atagey # hill palandey ya abeba # hinge vesagra # hip tapi # hire opaan # hit (with a stick) pekpek-en # hit (with a stone) kenan-en # hive abong na potiakan ===hk=== # hoarse apagas # hog baboy # hold benben, egnan # hole butaw, abot # holiday fiesta # hollow longogan # holy santo # home ayaman # homesick maniliw # homesickness iliw # honest napia # honey dilo # honeybee oyokan # honor galang # hoof koko na ayep # hook taga # hoop liken # hop on-lokso # hope (noun) ilalo # hope (verb) ilalo-an # horn saklor # hornet akotakot # horrible makapataktakot # horror segaw # horse kabayo (Span.) # host manansankaili # hot ampetang # hour hora # house abong # how pano, panon # however angaman-ontan ===hp=== ===hu=== # hub koba # hug lakap-en # hull obak # hum ngemngemen # human being too # human beings totoo # humble mapaabeba # humor pakalekan # hundred lasus # hunger eras # hungry narasan # hunt anap-en # hurry man-ganat # hurt saket-an # husband asawan laki # hut alolong # hysterics manalimangaw 1948 2835 2006-11-05T11:57:35Z 202.71.92.74 ===i=== # I siak, ko # ice yelo (Span.) # idea kaisipan, kanonotan # ideal pangaligan # idiom dalay salita, iloaman # idiot ambagel # idle mangiras # idol talintao # idolatry panagpikasid talintao ===if=== # if no, no-bilang # ignorance ag-pikakabat # ignore ag-asikasoen ===ik=== # ill agmakayari # illegal sungpad-gangan # illegitimate aliwan-peteg # illness sakit # illuminate sindag-an, liwawa-an # immage lanina, estampa # immagine isip-en # immature agataonan # immediately tampol # immense baleg # immerse i-palgep # immitate alig-en # immodest mabanday # immoral marutak ed gawa # impair pa-mura-en # impatient mapaga # impenitent agmansibkel # imperfect agnagnap # implement agnagnap # implore kerew-en # impossible agnayari # impress ipa-seksek # imprison i-pangao # improper agmanepeg # improve paabigen # impure marutak # in diad, ed # inasmuch onong a # incapable agmakasarag # inch kasiko # incident agawa # incomprehensible agnatalosan # inconvenient agonnepeg # incorporate ika-sakey # incubate lemlem # incurable agnatambal # indebted akautang # indeed peteg # independence kawayangen # indicate i-patnag # indirect inpaabay # indistinct burareg # individual sakey a too # indivisible ag-naapag # induce i-sogsog, yat-en # indulgence indulgencia # industrious makuli # inexhaustible agnaopotan # infallible agnalingo # infancy kaugawan # infant ugaw # infinite andi-angga # inform manangi-pakabat # inhabitat manaayam # inherit tawiren # iniquity kangsan # injure deralen # inner bandad-dalem # innumerable agnabilang # inquire tepet-en # insane ambagel # insect bigis # insensible andi-liknaan # insert salet # inside loob, dalem # insincere mankuwankuwanan # inspiration puyan # instantly tampol # instead nen say # instruct i-bangat # insult pa-baing-an # integrity kaptekan # intelligence pikakabat, pakaamta # intemperate andi-adia # intense naspot # intention getma # intercede mangi-esel # interior loob # intermediate nanleetan # interpose mi-biang # interpret ipa-talos # interpreter manangipatalos # interrupt baat-en # intestine pait # intimate kailoaman # into diad loob, ed, diad # intolerant agmakapalabas # intoxication kabuanges # introduce i-parongtal # invade looban # invalid agmakayari # invest i-kana # investigate sukay-an # invisible agnanengneng # invite baga ===ip=== # iron balatyang # irregular agmoksoy # irreligious andiay-relihiyon # island pulo # islet pugo # issue pansusupiatan # it sikato # itch gatel # itself sikaton dili ===iu=== 1949 2841 2006-11-10T09:21:48Z 202.71.92.74 ===ja=== # jab pika-en # jail pangawan # jar pasig, boyog, dongdong # jaw pangal # jealous maimon # jest lurey # Jesus Jesus # jewels kidiam ===jf=== ===jk=== # job anapan, kimey # join soldongen # joint punget # joke galaw, lurey # jolly magalaw # jolt sentek # journey biyahe # joy gayaga, liket ===jp=== ===ju=== # judge (noun) okom # judge (verb) okom-en # juice tabol # jump lokso-en, kudtot-en # jump off taboy-en # just matonong # justice katonongan 1950 2842 2006-11-10T09:28:00Z 202.71.92.74 ===ka=== # keel ebet na baloto # keen makdem # keep yatol # kettle kasirola # key tombok ===kf=== # kick sipa-en, depak-an # kid ugaw # kill patas-en, patey-en # kind mapangasi, maabagey # kind of nengneng na # kindle selsel-an # king ari # kingdom panarian # kingfisher tikkalak # kiss angob-an # kite baga baga # kitten kuting ===kk=== # knee pueg # kneecap leteg-na-pueg # kneel on-talimokor # knife yoro # know amta, kabat # knock on-toktok # knot siknol, boknol # know (as in knowledge) amta-en # know (as in acquaintance) kabat-en # knuckle punget-na-gamet ===kp=== ===ku=== 1951 2843 2006-11-10T09:48:45Z 202.71.92.74 ===la=== # labor man-kimey # lace puntas # lack on-kulang # ladder takayan # ladle aklo, balaok # lag man-tantan # lake libsong # lame piley # lament pan-ermen-an # lamp silew # land dalin # landlord amo # language salita # lap akuwalan # large baleg # last kaonoran # late naonor # lately agano-ni # latter onor # laugh on-elek # launch on-boat # laundry pesak # law gangan # lawful onong-ed-gangan # lawyer abogado # last utit # last year katantaon # lay i-gaton # laziness ngiras # lazy mangiras # lead ipang-olo # leaf bulong # leak on-terter # leaky man-terter # lean (verb) on-saral # lean (as in thin) mabeng # leap on-taboy, on-lokso # learn man-aral # least kamelamelagan # leather katat # leave on-taynan # leaven levadura # leech linta # left (as in right and left) kawigi # leftover kera # leg (calf area) bikking # leg sali # legal onong ed gangan # legion dakerakel # lemon dalayap # lend ipa-bayes # length dukey # less kulang # lesson panaral # lest aglapiga, ompan # letter sulat # level mapatar ===lf=== # liberty pankanawnawa # lick dilaan, dildil-an # lid sakbong # lie (to tell a lie) tila (mantila) # lie down dokol # life bilay # lift alsa-en # light silew, liwawa # light (verb) selselan # light (antonym of heavy) anlemew # lightning kirmat # like labay, paknaan, gusto (Span.) # like (adverb) kapara, singa # limb sanga # limber makulaney # lime dena # limit angaan # line gulis # link kabit, gawing, kawet # lip bibil # liquor alak # listen dengel-an # little melag # live (a life) man-bilay # live (e.g. in a place) man-ayam # liver altey # living mabilay ===lk=== # load lugan, libit, awit # lock talak # locust doron # lofty atagey # log toraso # loin awak # lonely begbegtew # long andukey # look anap-en, nengneng-en # look up akatangay # loop liken # loose i-bolos # lose (a thing) a-balang # lost abalang # Lord Katawan # loud maingal # louse (parasite of man) kuto # louse (parasite of dog) garapata # love aro, amayoen # love manangaro # low abeba ===lp=== ===lu=== # luck kapalaran # lump takel # lunatic bubulanen, ambagel # lust kaalakan-na-laman # lying mantitila 1952 2846 2006-11-19T08:28:32Z 202.71.92.74 ===ma=== # machine makina # mad (angry) mamapasnok # magnify pa-baleg-en # maid katulong, kaiba ed abong # maiden marikit # majority karaklan # make gawa-en # male laki # malicious mangigagaem # man laki # manage asikasoen # mankind katooan # manner kagagawa # manure tai # many dakel # march on-kurang # margin guilig # mark bakat # market tindaan # marriage kasal, panasawa # marrow utek-ed-pokel # marry man-asawa # marsh kapasolan # mast palo # master katawan # mat ikamen # match gurabis, posporo # maybe ngalngali # me siak # meaning kabaliksan # meantime legan # measure sukat-en # meat karne # meddle mi-biang # mediate mangi-esel # medicine tambal # meditate mani-isip # meek mapaabeba # meet abet-en # meeting doypo # melt tunaw, tunao # member kabiangan # memorial pakanodnotan # memorize patlep, tandaan # memory pakatanda # men lalaki # mention salita-en, bitla-en # merchant manlaklako # mercy kasi, panangasi # merit sankanepegan # merry maliket, magayaga # message pakabat # method panaggawa, oksoy ===mf=== # middle pegley # midst napepegleyan # midwife manamianak # mighty makapanyari # mild makulaney # milk gatas # million laksa # mince tartar # mind kanonotan # mingle mi-laok # minister man-linkor # minute (as in small) melanting # minute (time) minuto # miracle milagro # mirror salming # mischief kabaglan # misery inkaigot # mission nibakian # mistake lingo # mistress bii # misunderstand agnatalos-an # mix i-laok ===mk=== # mob golo # mock luglureyen # modify oman-en # moist ambasa # mole kamkampuyo # money pilak, kuwarta # monkey bakes # month bulan # monthly binulan # moon bulan # more lalo, arum-ni # moreover sakey-ni # morning kabwasan # mortal miipapatey # mosquito ageyet # mother ina # motion galaw # mound pogo # mount on-kalab # mountain palandey # mourn ma-ermen # mouse otot # mouth sangi # move on-galaw ===mp=== # much dakel # how much piga # mud pitek # multiply pa-dakel-en # murder patey-en # murmur ngorongoro # mutton karne-karnero # myself siak-a-dili # mysterious mapakelaw 1953 2847 2006-11-19T08:37:13Z 202.71.92.74 ===na=== # nail (noun) pasak # nail (verb) i-pasak # naked (upper troso) lakseb # name ngaran # nap lirep # narrow mainget # nation nasyon # nature (as in characteristics) inkapalsa # navel puseg # near asingger # nearly ngalngali # neat masimpit # necessary nakaukulan # neck beklew # need kaukulan # needle dagom # neglect i-kaindan # negro andeket-ya-too # neighbor kaabay # neither nisay # nephew kaanakan ya laki # nest ubong # net iket # never andin-balot # nevertheless angaman-ontan # new balo # news pakabat # next say-ontombok ===nf=== # nice marakep # niece kaanakan ya bii # night labi # nine siammera ===nk=== # no andi # noble magalang # nod on-tanger # noise ongol, engal # none anggapo # noon ugto, kagwan # nor nisay # north baybay, amianen, amian # nose eleng # nostalgia iliw # not andi # nothing anggapo # notice (announcement) pakabat # notice imano # noun ngaran # now natan ===nu=== # nude labos-lakseb, labos # number bilang # nut bunga-ya-nanlapis # nutshell lapis 1954 2848 2006-11-19T12:30:01Z 202.71.92.74 ===oa=== # oar begsay # oath samba # obey onor-en # object bengatla # obscure asaniban # observe imano-en # obtain nagegemtan # occasion agawa # occupation anapan # occupy letneg-an, pasen-an # occur na-gawa # ocean dayat # October Oktubre (Span.) # odd nidumaduma # odor angob ===of=== # of na, nen # off iarawi # offer i-awat # offering bagat # official makaoley # often mabetbet, maslak # oil larak # ointment ungento ===ok=== # old daan, matakken # omen pasingawey # omit lokso-an # on tapew, ed # once aminsan # one sakey # only labat ===op=== # open i-lukas # opinion kaisipan # oppose on-sungapa # oppress paseg-segang-en # or o, odino # oral ibitla # order gangan # ordinary karaklan # origin nanlapuan # ornament parakep, arkos # other arom, sananey ===ou=== # ought kanepegan-ya-gawa-en # our kientayo # out paway # outfit kagawaan # outlet pawayen # outrage kasulitan # outside paway # over labas # overcome talo-en # overflow lepwa, salipoang # owe utang # owl kolayot # owner makankien # oyster talaba 1955 2854 2006-11-19T13:10:27Z 202.71.92.74 /* pp */ ===pa=== # pack man-balkot # package balkot # paddle begsay # page bolong, pagina # pain sakit # painful (physical) manutot # palate tawen-tawen # pale mamosposiao # palm dakolap # palsy kapagpag # pan batia, latok # panic gewgew # pants pantalon (Span.) # parade libot # parallel mioksoy # paralytic apagpag # parcel kagaton # parch (verb) pamaga-en # pardon perdona (Span.) # pare ukis-an # parent ateng # part kabiangan # partition kaapagan, keteg # partner kamoyong # party olop # pass on-labas # past apalabas # pat tapok-en # patient (adjective) maanos # patient (as in sick) agmakayari # pay man-bayar # peace kareenan, deen # peak toktok # peck toktok-en # peculiar niduma # peel ubak-an, ukis-an # peep on-tandag, on-takiling # pencil lapis # penis oten # people totoo, katooan # perch pakokay-manok # perfect nagnap # perform gawa-en # perfume pabalingit # perhaps ngalngali # peril kaatapan # period panaon # perish man-taotao # permanent malet, masiansia # permit abuloy-an # perpendicular maptek # perplex pan-kelaw-an # persist ipa-soot # perspiration linget # perspire man-linget # pest pangok # pet miango # petition kerew ===pf=== # phosphorescence kirlap, kidiam # physical silalaman # pick dokdok-en # pickle achara # piece (noun) pisag, sapsap # pierce torok-en, gayang-en # pig baboy # pigeon malapati # piglet belek # pile lasbo # pillow danganan # pin ispili # pinch karot-en # pipe kuwako # pit abot # pitch (ball) man-tupak # pith segat na kiew # pity kasian # pivot telekan ===pk=== # place pasen # plant (noun) tanaman # plant (verb) tanem # plantation tanamanan # plate plato, lipong # play (a music) man-togtog # play (e.g. a game) man-galaw # plead mi-kasi # pleasant maabig # please pa # pleasure likeliket # pledge sipan # plenty dakel # plot lipot # plow (noun) lokoy, araro # plow (verb) baka-en # plog polet # plunder man-tulisan # plunge on-sugba, on-taboy # pocket bolsa # point (verb) i-turo # point (noun) otok # poison (noun) samal # poison (verb) samal-en # poke tibsok-en, dongsol-en # pole teken, balanayan # pond libsong, pokok, tanggal # poor duka, mairap-bilay # pork karney-baboy # portion kabiangan # position kipapasen # possession kaarian # postpose i-kuntang # pound man-bayo # pour i-bales, i-ibong # powder tapong # power pakayari ===pp=== # practice pasal # praise i-dayew, i-dayko, i-tandoro # pray (verb) mi-kasi, man-dasal # pray (noun) pikakasi, dasal # preach man-polong # preacher managpolong # precious mabli # predict i-parles # preface pangiparongtal # prefer labi-en, labay, pili-en # prefix ipaona ya soldong na salita # pregnancy lokon # pregnant malokon # preserve yatol-en # press pespes-en # pretend man-kanwakanwari # pretty marakep, magana # prevent i-sebel, amper-en # price bili, bayar # prick torok-en # pride kimon # priest pari # print i-galot # prison pangapan # prisoner pinangaw # privilege talonggaring # probably ngalngali # proceed i-toloy # process inpangawa # procession libot # proclaim ipa-kabat # procure ala-en # profit gongona # profound aralem # progress aligwas, bolaslas # prolong pa-dukey-en # promise (noun) sipan # promise (verb) i-sipan # pronounce bitla-en # proof pamatnagan # prop. seklang # property kayarian # prophesy in-parles # prospect ilaloan # prosper on-aligwas # prostitute pianga # protect yagel # protest man-dalem # proud mankimon # proverb allong # provide paga-an, asikaso-en # province luyag # provoke pa-sanok-en ===pu=== # pubic hair boldot # public lapag # publish ipa-lapag # puddle lunek # pull goyor-en, bira-en # punch punite-en # punishment dusa # pupil paaral # puppy uken # purchase saliw-en # pure andi-laok, malinis # purify pa-linis-en # purpose getma # pursue sonson-en, tombok-en # push tulak # put i-yan 1956 2855 2006-11-19T13:17:10Z 202.71.92.74 # quality inkagawa # quantity karakel # quarrel kolkol # quarter kakapat # queen reyna (Span.) # queer niduma # quench pa-eren # question tepet # quickness peles # quiet mareen # quit tonda-en # quite dawit-dawit # quote olit-en 1957 2856 2006-11-19T13:37:08Z 202.71.92.74 ===ra=== # race (ethnicity) dala # race lumba # rack inkagaygay # racket gewgew # raft balsa # rage sanok # rain (noun) uran # rain (verb) on-uran # rainbow kabonlalakaw # raise i-tagey, i-tandoro # rake karaykay # rapidly masiglat # rat otot # rather nagkalalaw # rattle pa-larakerek-en # rave man-pasang # raw maeta # reach dandan-en, sabi-en # read man-basa # reading babasaen # ready akaparaan # real peteg # realize na-imano # reap ani-en # rear beneg # reason katonongan # rebel on-alsa, on-irang # recall na-nonot-an # receive awat-en # recent agano-ni # recently agano-ni # reception pamasabi # recognize birbir-en, bindir-en # recollect na-nonot-an # reconcile mi-palangan # red ambalanga # redeem dondon-en # reduce bawas # reed tanobang # refer mi-panon # refined apalinis # reform oman-en # regard pangi-bilang # register i-sulat # regret pan-ermen-an # regular onong-a-gendat # reign oley-an # reject ag-akoen, i-pulisay # rejoice man-liket # relation pibiangan # relative kanayon # release i-bolos # relief tulong # remain on-tilak # remarkable makapakelaw # remedy tambal # remember na-nonot-an # remote arawi # remove ekal-en, ipa-liis # rent (verb) ipa-abang, ipa-upa # rent (noun) abang, upa # repair apiger-en # repay bayar-an # repeat olit # repel i-tulak # repent magbabawi # reply esel # reptile oleg, basakay # repulse sonson-en # request pi-kasi # resemble mi-para # residence panayaman # resign on-ekal ed betang # resolution getma # respond on-ebat # rest (noun) painawa # rest (verb) man-painawa # restless agmakareen # restrain amper-en # result asumpalan # resurrection inkioli # return on-pawel # reunion doypo # revenge bales # reverse sener # revive bilay-en # revolve on-telek ===rf=== # rib tagalang # rice (cooked) niloto, baaw # rice (grain) ilik # rice stalk pagey # rich mayaman # ride on-lugan # ridge tenten # ridicule balaw # right (as in left and right) kawanan # right (as in correct) duga # right (justice) katonongan # righteousness inkatonong # rim sangab # ring singsing # rip gisgis-en # rise on-alagey # rite rito (Span.) # rival kalaglagan # river ilog ===rk=== # road dalan # roast i-kalot, i-polpog # rob tulisan-en # rock bato # rod balanayan # roll lokot-en, i-tulin # roof atep # room silir # roost on-toon # rooster lalong # root lamot # rope lubir # rotate telek, peyes # rotten abulok # rough magasal, masagapsap # round malimpek # row i-begsay, i-gaor ===rp=== ===ru=== # ruin deral # rule oley-an # run on-batek # rust lati 1958 2862 2006-11-21T07:06:13Z 202.71.92.74 ===sa=== # sack sopot # sacrifice bagat # sad maermen # sadness ermen # sail layag # salt asin # salty maasin # same kapara # sand buer # sap tabol # satisfy pera-en # sauce patis # saucy malangas # save i-laban # saw (tool to saw wood) lagari # saw (verb) lagari-en # saw (thread) dait # say i-baga, salita-en # scab keggang # scald luyak-an # scaly masiksik # scar piglat # scarcely lawari # scholar makabat # school panag-aralan # scorch tektek-en # scour gisgis-en # scowl on-koliseng # scrape karkar-en # scratch (verb) gugo-en, gorgor-en # scratch (noun) agulilis # scratch (noun) agurabis # scream on-akis # scripture sulat # scrub gasgas-en # sea dayat # seam tupig # search kosimat, anap, sukay # season panaon # seat yorongan # second kumadua # secret yaamot # section kaapag # secure ala-en # seduce ayat-en # see nengneng-en # seed bokel # seek anap-en # sense likas # seize singkat-en # select pili-en # self dili # sell i-lako # send i-baki # separate i-biig # sepulchre lobok # servant (as in slave) aripen # serve man-linkor # set on-letneg # seven pitora # seventh kumapito # sew man-dait ===sf=== # shabby gilay-gilay # shade sirom # shadow anino # shake yogayog-en # shallow tapew # shame baing # share apag # sharp makdem # sharpen (for wood) kayas-en # sharpen (for metal) pakdem-en, obol-en # shave man-kiskis # she (gender neutral) sikato # sheaf pinongo # sheet oles # shepherd pumapastol (Span.) # shine on-sinage # ship sakayan # shiver on-gewgew # shoe patos, sapatos # shoot (with gun) paltog-en # shore gilig-na-dayat # short (antonym of long) antikey, antikeg # shoulder abala # shout (e.g. because of anger) on-engal # shout (e.g. because of joy or pain) on-eyag # show ipa-nengneng # shrink on-kokot # shut i-kapot # shy mabaing # sibling agi # siblings agagi # sickness enagem, sakit # side diking # sign tanda # silence deen # silver pilak # similar singa # sin kasalanan # sing cancion-en, kanta-en # since nanlapo-lad # sincere tuatua # single bokor # single (as in not married for males) balolaki # single (as in not married for females) marikit # sink on-lereg # sister agi-ya-bii # sister (older) atchi # sit on-yorong # sit (on lap) akwal # six anemmera # sixth kumanem # size kabaleg ===sk=== # skim bora-en # skin (for human) baog # skin (for animals) katat # skirt sapey # skull lapislapis # sky tawen # slanting dakingking # slap tampal-en # slave aripen # sleep on-ugip # sleeve taklay-na-aysing # slender mabeng # slide on-karonias # sling palsot # slippery angangel # slope alusarsar # slow matantan # sly masilib # small melag # smash temek-en # smell angob-en # smile on-imis, on-irais # smoke asiwek # smooth pino, mapatar # snail bisokol # snake oleg # snap lipak-en # sneeze on-basis # snow linew # so kanyan # soak on-talem # soar on-tekyab # soft anlemek, malambot # soil dalin # solid potel # some pigara, pigara # somebody sakey-a-too # sommersault balintokar # something bengatla # sometimes noarum # son anak-ya-laki # soon tampol # sore sugat # sorrow ermen # soul kamarerwa # sound tanol # sour anakseng # south abalaten, dapitilog # sow (female pig) kaong # sow (verb) man-tanem # sower tumatanem ===sp=== # spank palalpak # sparrow anoyaw # speak man-salita # special nidumaduma # speck mansa # speech salita # speed siglat # spell letra-en # spend gastos-en # spicy anagasang # spider genggeng # spill ibung, kalbo # spin patlek-en, i-potipot # spirit espiritu # spit on-lukda # split (e.g. a fruit) pesag-en, balsig-en # spoon sirok, kuchara # spot mansa # spout bositsit # spread i-bilkag, i-buyak # spring sobol # spring (verb) on-butay, on-lokso # sprinkle walsik-an # square kalang # squat on-kamarang # squeeze pespes-en # squid pusit # squirm man-yesyes # stab saksak-en, doyok-en # stagger man-dongilngil # stain mansa # stake palitek # stalk pognel # stammer ata-ata # stand on-alagey # star bitowen # start on-gapo, on-pikal # stay na-tilak # steady malet # steal man-takew # steep mapareng # stem pognel # step on-gatin # step on-kurang # stew lambong-en # stick (as in wood) bislak # stick (as in to stick) peket # stick makolnet # stiff matalker # still (adjective) mareen # sting ketket-en # stink on-banget # stir bati-en, kewkew-en # stitch dalokdok # stomach eges # stone bato # stoop on-yoko # stop on-tunda # store tindaan, garita # storm bagyo # story tongtong # stove dalikan # straight maptek # straddle on-kayang # strange niduma # stranger sankaili # straw dayami # stream kolos # street lansangan # strength kasil, biskeg # stretch on-onat # strip gisgis-en, sigsig-en # strong maksil, mabiskeg # study man-aral # stumble na-tiror # stump tonger # stupor alimoreng ===su=== # subdue talo-en # subject pakatongtongan # submit on-tolok # substance nanam # subtle masilib # succeed sublay-an # successive mantotombokan # such satan, ontan # suck sopsop-en # sudden bigla # suffer man-irap # sugar masamit # sugarcane unas # Sunday Simba # sum katiponan # summer tiagew # summit toktok # sun agew, banua # superfluous masolok # supper pandem, pandeman # suppose no-bilang # supreme manonaan # sure peteg # surface tapew # surrender on-soko # surround liktob-en # suspend pa-tonda-en # swallow akmon-en # sweep panis-en # sweet masamit # swell on-larag # swelling larag # swift masiglat, mabatik # swim on-langoy # swine baboy # sword kampilan, barang, espada (Span.) # symbol tanda # system oksoy 1959 2867 2006-11-22T13:56:07Z 202.71.92.74 /* tp */ ===ta=== # table lamisaan # tail ikol # take ala-en # tale tongtong # talent langkap # tall atagey # talk (verb) man-tongtong, man-salita # talk (noun) tongtongan # tame maamo # tangle gotgot # tap on-toktok # tarry man-pamaya # task kimey # taste taway-an # tax buis # teach man-bangat # tear (e.g. a paper) pelat-en # tease solon-en # teeth ngipen # temper kiwala # tell i-baga # tempest baguio # temple simbahan, alupising # tempt tokso-en # ten samplora # tenant kasamak, paralos # tender maoyamo, maolimek # territory nasasakopan # test pakasalsali # testify tasi-an # testimony pantasi # text pankasalitaan ===tf=== # than nen-say # that aman, satan # the say # their kienda # them sikara # then diad-ontan, diad-saman # there diman # therefore diad-ontan-sirin, kanian # these saraya # they sikara, ra # thick makapal # thickness kapal # thief matakew # thigh ulpo # thin mabeng, mayapis, maimpis # thine kienmo # thing bengatla # think nonot-en # third kumatlo # thirst paet # thirsty apaet, napgaan # this aya, saya # thorn sabit # those saratan, araman # though angan # thousand libo # thread tinebey, daramey # three talora # throat kalokolong # through panamegley, pegley # throw i-tupak # thumb tangan # thunder karol # thus kanian # tight malet # tiny tingot # tired naksawan # tide (high tide) etab # tide (low tide) ikati # tie siner-en # tight malet # tilt tambolong # time panaon # tip ngoro # tippy makilas ===tk=== # to diad # toad talakba, karag # today natan-ya-agew # toe gamet-na-sali # together tekep, olop # tomb lobok # tomorrow nabuas # tone oni # tongue dila # too met # tooth ngipen # top tagey, tapew # topic pakatongtongan # torture pa-irap-en # toss i-bontok # total katiponan, amin # touch diwit-en # tough anawet # toward onarap # towards mamarap # town baley # toy mamayo ===tp=== # track dalan # transfer on-basil, on-alis # translate ipa-talos # trap patit # travel man-biahe # tree kiew # tremble on-giewgiew # tremendous balbaleg # trick tiktik # trim gepeng # trouble kolkol, gotgot # trousers sanual # true tua, matua # trust man-matalek # truth katuaan # try sali-en ===tu=== # turn on-peyes, on-telek # turtle pagong # twelve labindua # twenty dwamplo # twine lubir # twist yesyes-en # two duwara, dua # typhoon bagyo 1960 2868 2006-11-22T14:04:37Z 202.71.92.74 ===ua=== ===uf=== # ugly mabanday ===uk=== # umbrella payong # unbelief agpananisia # unbend onat-en # unceasing andi-tonda # unblemished ag-amansaan # unchangeable agmangoman # uncle pangamaen # unclean marutak # uncountable agnabilang # uncover lukas-en # undefiled ag-amansaan # under dalem. lepsag, silong # understand talos-an # undertake sali-en-ya-gawaen # unequal nanduruma # unfaithful agmananoor # unfair agmatunong # unfold on-buskag # ungodly agmaridios # ungrateful malamang # uninjured agnaano # unnecessary agnakaukulan # union tipon # unite man-tipn # universal lapag # unkind andi-pangasi # unlike niduma # unloose okbar-an, i-bolos # unnecessary agnakaukulan # unripe (as in fruit) maeta # unsafe maatap # unsteady makilas # unsuccessful agapalaran # untie okbar-en # unto angad # unusual ag-ononglawas # unwelcome (cannot be received) agnaawat # unwind kalkal-en ===up=== # up tagey, sapat # upon tapew, diad # upper tagtagey # upset na-kalbo # upward mamatagey # urge sogsog-en # urinate sirit # use i-kana # usual gendat ===uu=== 1961 2869 2006-11-22T14:09:08Z 202.71.92.74 ===va=== # vacation painawa # vain maampog # value kablian # various nanduruma # veil pandong # vein ulat # vegetables pising # verge ketegan, tmbib # very toloy # vest chaleco (Span.) # vex suplon-en ===vf=== # vice bisyo # view bantagen # vine, wakal, ubas # virgin marikit # visit dalaw-en # vivid bulto ===vk=== # voice boses, oni # vomit man-uta # vow sipan, samba ===vp=== ===vu=== # vulva pipit, bao 1962 2870 2006-11-22T14:22:54Z 202.71.92.74 ===wa=== # wabble man-yogayog # wake up on-bangon, on-liing # walk man-akar, on-korang # waist awak # wait man-alagar # wall dingding # wander man-awatao # want labay, gabay # warm ampetang # wart botil # wash man-oras # wash (e.g. clothing) i-pesak # waste i-solok # watch imano-en # watch out man-talaranan # water (e.g. water the plant) man-salog # water danom # wave (e.g. in sea) daluyon # wave payapay # wax lilin # way dalan # we sikami # weak makapoy # wealthy mayaman # wear i-solong, i-kawes # weather panaon # weave man-laga # web sapet # wedding bansal # week simba # weigh simbang-en # weight simbang # welcome maong-a-insabi # welcome (verb) awat-en # well maksil # well (to get water from) bobon # wellness abig # west sagor, sagud # wet ambasa ===wf=== # what anto # when kapigan # where iner # while legan # whip lewet-en, bakbak-en # whisper yesaes # whistle man-gisio # white amputi # who siopa # why akin # wicked mauges # width lapar, awang # wide malapar, maawang # widow balon-bii # wild maatap # wilderness kalawakan # will linawa # win manalo # wind dagem # wind (verb, as in to put around) i-potipot # window dorongawen # wine alak # wing payak # wink on-kirem # winter betel # wipe punas-an # wise makabat # wish labay, pilalek # with pati # wither na-lenes # within ed-loob # witness imaton, tasi ===wk=== # woe kasi # woman bii # women bibii # wonder pakelaw # wonderful makapakelaw # woo (e.g. a girl) karaw # wood kiew # word salita # work man-kimey, man-trabaho # world mundo # worm biges, alumbayar # worry aburido (Span.) # worship man-pikasi # worth bili # wound sugat ===wp=== # wrap balkot-en # wreck inkabagbag # wring yesyes-en # write man-sulat # wrong aliwa, mauges ===wu=== 1963 2874 2006-11-22T14:26:11Z 202.71.92.74 /* yk */ ===ya=== # year taon # yell eyag # yellow duyaw # yes e, on # yesterday karuman # yet ni ===yf=== # yield on-tolok ===yk=== # yoke pako # you sika, ka, sikayo, kayo # young (as in child) ugaw # young (as in youth) malangwer # youth kalangweran ===yp=== ===yu=== 1964 2860 2006-11-19T17:07:52Z Andre Engels 24 I am an interwiki user from the Dutch Wikipedia. [[en:User:Andre Engels]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Andre Engels]] 1965 2861 2006-11-19T17:08:56Z Andre Engels 24 Robbot is a robot, operated by [[User:Andre Engels|Andre Engels]] and used for adding and correcting interwiki links. [[nl:Gebruiker:Robbot]] 1966 2873 2006-11-22T14:25:23Z 202.71.92.74 # zeal posapos 1967 2878 2006-11-22T14:36:15Z 202.71.92.74 Nagawa ed [[Manila Hotel]] no December 8, 2006. [http://kaluyagannenpalaris.blogspot.com/2006/11/see-you-at-reunion.html | homepage na announcement] 1968 2881 2006-11-22T15:17:42Z 202.71.92.74 New page: [[aba]] sakey ya tanaman [[abala]] [[abig]] [[abol]] [[aboloy]] [[abong]] [[aro]] [[aba]] sakey ya tanaman [[abala]] [[abig]] [[abol]] [[aboloy]] [[abong]] [[aro]] 1969 2884 2006-11-22T15:45:45Z 202.71.92.74 [[baaw]] [[baat-en]] [[baba]] [[baba(man)]] [[babangatan]] [[baboy]] [[baga]] [[baga(i)]] [[bagabaga]] [[bagat]] [[bago]] [[bagyo]] [[baing]] [[baing-an(pa)]] [[baka]] [[baka-en]] [[bakal]] [[bakal-an]] [[bakes]] [[baki(i)]] [[balanayan]] [[balang]] [[bala-en]] [[balang(i)]] [[balangay-lupa(on)]] [[balangla]] [[balangobang]] [[balatyang]] [[balaw]] [[balbaleg]] [[balbas]] [[balkot]] [[balkot(man)]] [[balkot-en]] [[baleg]] [[baleg(on)]] [[baleg-en(pa)]] [[baleg-ya-ayaman]] [[balewet]] [[bales]] [[bales(on)]] [[balet]] [[baley]] [[balintokar]] [[balio(on)]] [[balita(mi)]] [[balitok]] [[balkes]] [[balo]] [[balolaki]] [[balonbii]] [[baloto]] [[balsa]] [[balsig-en]] [[banawang]] [[bankay]] [[bankay-na-ayep]] [[bandad-dalem]] [[bangat]] [[bangat(man)]] [[bangbalet]] [[bangbang(i)]] [[banget(on)]] [[bangon(on)]] [[bano-en]] [[bansal]] [[bantak(i)]] [[bantay(man)]] [[bantegen]] [[baog]] [[barina]] [[basa(man)]] [[basakay]] [[basbas]] [[basikaw]] [[basil(on)]] [[basis(on)]] [[batangan]] [[batia]] [[batik]] [[batik(on)]] [[bati-en]] [[bato]] [[bayar]] [[bayar(man)]] [[bayar-an]] [[baybay]] [[bayes(ipa)]] [[bayes(man)]] [[beklew]] [[beklew-na-aysing]] [[begbegtew]] [[begsay]] [[begsay(i)]] [[benben-an]] [[beneg]] [[beneg]] [[beneg(i)]] [[benegan]] [[bengatla]] [[berber]] [[berber-en]] [[besti-kabayo]] [[betag-an]] [[betel(panaon)]] [[biang(mi)]] [[Biblia]] [[biek]] [[bigis]] [[bigla]] [[bigsot-en]] [[bii]] [[biig(i)]] [[bikler-en]] [[birbir-en]] [[bilang]] [[bilang(pangi)]] [[bilang-en]] [[bilang-na-agew]] [[bilay]] [[bilay-en]] [[bilkag(i)]] [[bili]] [[binyag]] [[binta(man)]] [[binulan]] [[bira-en]] [[birong]] [[biskeg]] [[biskeg-an(pa)]] [[bislak]] [[bisokol]] [[bisog(on)]] [[bitewen]] [[bitla-en]] [[boat(on)]] [[bobon]] [[bokbokod]] [[boknol]] [[bokor]] [[boksot]] [[bokel]] [[bolaslas]] [[bolong]] [[bolos]] [[bolos(i)]] [[bolos(on)]] [[boloy(a)]] [[bolsa]] [[bongis]] [[bontok(i)]] [[bonton]] [[bora]] [[bora-an]] [[boskag(on)]] [[bositsit]] [[botay(on)]] [[bot-en(a)]] [[botil]] [[buwaya]] [[bubulanen]] [[buek]] [[buer]] [[bugkalot]] [[buis]] [[bukig]] [[bulag]] [[bulag-en]] [[bulaklak]] [[bulan]] [[bulangan]] [[bulok(na)]] [[bulto]] [[bunga-ya-nanlapis]] [[bural-en]] [[burareg]] [[buyak(i)]] [[buyog]] 1970 2885 2006-11-22T15:47:17Z 202.71.92.74 English: offering, sacrifice 1971 2888 2006-11-23T10:22:11Z 202.71.92.74 [[daan]] [[dakolap]] [[dagem]] [[dagum]] [[dait(man)]] [[dakel]] [[dakel(on)]] [[dakerakel]] [[dakingking]] [[dala]] [[dala(on)]] [[dalakorak]] [[dalan]] [[dalang]] [[dalaw-en]] [[dalapdap]] [[dalayap]] [[dalay-salita]] [[dalem]] [[dalem(i)]] [[dalem(man)]] [[dalig]] [[dalikan]] [[dalin]] [[dalokdok]] [[daluyon]] [[damdamili]] [[dandan-en]] [[danganan]] [[dangilngil(man)]] [[dangol]] [[dangol(on)]] [[danum]] [[dawes-en(pa)]] [[dawitdawit]] [[dapitilog]] [[dapol]] [[dapan]] [[daramey]] [[datal]] [[dateng(on)]] [[dayami]] [[dayat]] [[daydaywen-na-lapag]] [[dayew(i)]] [[deen]] [[delap]] [[dem(man)]] [[dena]] [[dengel-en]] [[depak-an]] [[deral]] [[deral-en]] [[dia]] [[diad]] [[diad-katuaan]] [[diad-loob]] [[diad-ontan]] [[diad-ontan-sirin]] [[diad-saman]] [[dika]] [[diking]] [[dila]] [[dildil-an]] [[dili]] [[dilo]] [[diman]] [[dinan]] [[dingding]] [[diwet-en]] [[Dios]] [[doble]] [[dokdok-en]] [[dokol(on)]] [[dokolan]] [[dondon-en]] [[dongsol-en]] [[doron]] [[dorongawen]] [[doroypo(man)]] [[doypo]] [[dua]] [[duay-asawa]] [[duay-simba]] [[duka]] [[dueg]] [[dukey-an(pa)]] [[duma(mi)]] [[dus-en]] [[dutak]] [[dosena]] 1972 2890 2006-11-23T10:24:30Z 202.71.92.74 Pangasinan: aga balo <br> English: ancient, old <br> Alimbawa: '''Daan''' so abong ya panayaman nen Tina. 1973 2892 2006-11-23T10:26:53Z 202.71.92.74 Pangasinan: Aga daiset <br> English: Many, much, plenty <br> Alimbawa: '''Dakel''' so sankaili na baik diad inkianak da. 1974 2893 2006-11-23T11:00:47Z 202.71.92.74 New page: [[ebat]] [[ebat(on)]] [[ebet-na-baloto]] [[ekal(on)]] [[ed]] [[egna-en]] [[egnan]] [[eges]] [[elek(on)]] [[elakan]] [[el-el]] [[eleng]] [[elew-en]] [[emel]] [[empatcho]] [[e... [[ebat]] [[ebat(on)]] [[ebet-na-baloto]] [[ekal(on)]] [[ed]] [[egna-en]] [[egnan]] [[eges]] [[elek(on)]] [[elakan]] [[el-el]] [[eleng]] [[elew-en]] [[emel]] [[empatcho]] [[epas(on)-ed-niluganan]] [[epel]] [[eras]] [[erel-en]] [[eren(pa)]] [[ermen]] [[ermen(ma)]] [[ermen-an(pan)]] [[esel(mangi)]] [[espiritu]] [[estampa]] [[etab]] [[eyag]] [[eyag(on)]] 1975 2894 2006-11-23T11:04:14Z 202.71.92.74 New page: [[fiesta]] [[fosforo]] [[fiesta]] [[fosforo]] 1976 2895 2006-11-23T11:05:36Z 202.71.92.74 New page: Pangasinan: Gurabis; uusarin diad panaggawa na apoy <br> English: match <br> Alimbawa: Nakaukulan mon '''man-awit''' na fosforo no onla kad camping mo nabuas. Pangasinan: Gurabis; uusarin diad panaggawa na apoy <br> English: match <br> Alimbawa: Nakaukulan mon '''man-awit''' na fosforo no onla kad camping mo nabuas. 1977 2896 2006-11-23T11:13:15Z 202.71.92.74 [[gabay]] [[gagala-en]] [[gala]] [[galang]] [[galang(i)]] [[galaw]] [[galaw(man)]] [[galaw(on)]] [[galot(i)]] [[galsim]] [[gamayan]] [[gamet]] [[gamet-na-sali]] [[ganat(man)]] [[gangan]] [[gansa]] [[ganso]] [[gawa]] [[gawa(a)]] [[gawa(man)]] [[gawa-en]] [[gawaan(na)]] [[gawat(man)]] [[gaor(i)]] [[gapo(on)]] [[gasagasa-en]] [[gastos-en]] [[gatas]] [[gatel(man)]] [[gaton(i)]] [[gayang-en]] [[gendat]] [[genggeng]] [[getma]] [[gewgew]] [[gilata]] [[gilaygilay]] [[gilig]] [[gilig-na-dayat]] [[giling-en]] [[gimgim]] [[giri]] [[gisgis-en]] [[gisio(man)]] [[giwgiw(on)]] [[gobida]] [[gokgok]] [[golo]] [[golong-golong]] [[gongona]] [[gonigon]] [[gotgot]] [[goyamgoyam]] [[goyor-en]] [[grado]] [[gula-en]] [[gulis]] 1978 2902 2006-11-23T11:16:29Z 202.71.92.74 Pangasinan: Labay; gusto <br> English: want, wish <br> Alimbawa: Gabay mon man-aral ed [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph Kingfisher]? 1979 2903 2006-11-23T11:19:32Z 202.71.92.74 New page: Say '''Kingfisher School of Business and Finance''', sakey ya college ya wadya ed Siyudad na [[Dagupan]]. Saray estudyante to, labay dan mantrabaho ya walay koneksyon to ed business. [ht... Say '''Kingfisher School of Business and Finance''', sakey ya college ya wadya ed Siyudad na [[Dagupan]]. Saray estudyante to, labay dan mantrabaho ya walay koneksyon to ed business. [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] 1980 2904 2006-11-24T19:34:32Z 202.71.92.74 New page: Pangasinan: <br> English: Answer; reply <br> Alimbawa: Ag ko adengel so '''ebat''' nen Linda ed tepet ko. Pangasinan: <br> English: Answer; reply <br> Alimbawa: Ag ko adengel so '''ebat''' nen Linda ed tepet ko. 1981 2905 2006-11-24T19:36:09Z 202.71.92.74 New page: Pangasinan: Aga makapansalita <br> English: Dumb <br> Alimbawa: Nan-aral ak na sign language umpian makapan-talusan kami na saray '''emel'''. Pangasinan: Aga makapansalita <br> English: Dumb <br> Alimbawa: Nan-aral ak na sign language umpian makapan-talusan kami na saray '''emel'''. 1982 2906 2006-11-24T19:40:23Z 202.71.92.74 New page: Pangasinan: Makapaturok san maimpis ya balakyang ya uusarin ed pandait; Diman iiyan so tinebey <br> English: Needle <br> Alimbawa: Asinger ed imposible no naanap so sakey '''dagum''' diad ... Pangasinan: Makapaturok san maimpis ya balakyang ya uusarin ed pandait; Diman iiyan so tinebey <br> English: Needle <br> Alimbawa: Asinger ed imposible no naanap so sakey '''dagum''' diad dayami. 1983 2907 2006-11-24T19:59:35Z 202.71.92.74 New page: Pangasinan: Parte na lupa ya dadalanan na dagem no ennengas <br> English: Nose <br> Alimbawa: Imanom so '''eleng''' ko ta limmarag amo. Pangasinan: Parte na lupa ya dadalanan na dagem no ennengas <br> English: Nose <br> Alimbawa: Imanom so '''eleng''' ko ta limmarag amo. 1984 2915 2006-11-30T22:54:40Z Jose77 16 {{English}} The True Jesus Church is a non-denominational (independent) church that was established in Beijing, China in 1917. Today, there are approximately between 1.5 to 2.5 million members in forty five countries. The church is an offshoot of the Pentecostal branch of Christianity that emerged during the early twentieth century. The church also adheres to Oneness Pentecostal theology (Jesus-Name doctrine). The church was established in the [[Filipinas]] since 1983. They aim to preach the gospel to all nations before the Second Coming of Jesus. ==The ten main doctrines and beliefs== 1. Holy Spirit: "Receiving the Holy Spirit, evidenced by speaking in tongues, is the guarantee of our inheritance of the Kingdom of Heaven". 2. Baptism: "Water baptism is the sacrament for the remission of sins and for regeneration. The baptism must take place in natural living water, such as the river, sea, or spring. The Baptist, whom already has had received baptism of water and the Holy Spirit, conducts the baptism in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. And the person receiving the baptism must be completely immersed in water with head bowed and face downward". 3. Feet Washing: "The sacrament of feet washing enables one to have a part with the Lord Jesus. It also serves as a constant reminder that one should have love, holiness, humility, forgiveness and service. Every person who has received water baptism must have their feet washed in the name of Jesus Christ. Mutual feet washing may be practiced whenever is appropriate". 4. Holy Communion: "The Holy Communion is the sacrament to commemorate the death of the Lord Jesus Christ. It enables us to partake of the flesh and blood of our Lord and to be in communion with Him so that we can have eternal life and be raised on the Last Day. This sacrament shall be held as often as possible. Only one unleavened bread and grape juice shall be used". 5. Sabbath Day: "The Sabbath day, the seventh day of the week (Saturday), is a Holy Day, blessed and sanctified by God. It is to be observed under the Lord's grace for the commemoration of God's creation and salvation and with the hope of eternal rest in the life to come". 6. Jesus Christ: "Jesus Christ, the Word who became flesh, died on the cross for the redemption of sinners, resurrected on the third day and ascended to heaven. He is the only Saviour of mankind, the Creator of the heavens and earth, and the only True God". 7. '''[[Biblia]]''': "The Holy Bible, consisting of the Old and New Testaments, is inspired by God, the only scriptural truth, and the standard for Christian living". 8. Salvation: "Salvation is given by the grace of God through faith. Believers must rely on the Holy Spirit to pursue holiness, to honour God, and to love humanity". 9. The Church: "The True Jesus Church, established by our Lord Jesus Christ, through the Holy Spirit during the time of the 'latter rain', is the restored True Church of the Apostolic time". 10. Second Coming: "The Lord's Second Coming will take place on the Last Day when He descends from heaven to judge the world: the righteous will receive eternal life, while the wicked will be eternally condemned". 1985 2913 2006-11-30T22:51:34Z Jose77 16 New page: '''Greetings'''! Can you please help me translate [http://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] into the Pangasinan language? Any help at all would be very gratefuly a... '''Greetings'''! Can you please help me translate [http://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] into the Pangasinan language? Any help at all would be very gratefuly appreciated, Thankyou very much. --[[User:Jose77|Jose77]] 22:51, 30 November 2006 (UTC) 1986 2916 2006-11-30T22:56:04Z Jose77 16 New page: <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="translate" style="background: #ffd; border: 1px solid #aa8; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px" font align="center"> <small>[[Image:Style-stub.gif]] This... <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="translate" style="background: #ffd; border: 1px solid #aa8; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px" font align="center"> <small>[[Image:Style-stub.gif]] This page may contain English-language content that should be translated into Pangasinan. You can help us [http://pag.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=True_Jesus_Church&action=edit Fix] it. Thankyou very much.</small> </div> 1987 2918 2006-11-30T22:56:53Z Jose77 16 [[en:Image:Style-stub.gif]] 1989 2932 2006-12-16T14:57:09Z Tiyoringo 28 New page: == バベル == <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><center>'''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]'''</center></td></tr> <... == バベル == <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><center>'''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{User ja}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User en-2}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User de-1}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User zh-1}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User es-0}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User fr-0}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User it-0}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User nl-0}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User pt-0}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User ru-0}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User simple-2}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User BirthdayYear|1|9|7|X}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User windows}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User browser:Microsoft Internet Explorer}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User inclusionist}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User 歴検 2級世界史}}</td></tr> <!--<tr><td>{{User death-expand}}</td></tr>--> <tr><td>{{User Hutu}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Yahoo! JAPAN}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{User Google}}</td></tr> </table> == 他言語版リンク == *[[aa:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] *[[ab:Участник:Tiyoringo|アブハズ語（アブハジア共和国）]] *[[af:Gebruiker:Tiyoringo|アフリカーンス語（南アフリカなど）]] *[[ak:User:Tiyoringo|アカン語（ガーナ、コートジボアール）]] *[[als:Benutzer:Tiyoringo|アレマン語（スイス、高地ドイツ）]] *[[am:User:Tiyoringo|アムハラ語（エチオピア）]] *[[an:Usuario:Tiyoringo|アラゴン語（スペインの一部）]] *[[ang:User:Tiyoringo|古英語]] *[[ar:مستخدم:Tiyoringo|アラビア語]] *[[arc:User:Tiyoringo|現代アッシリア語]] *[[as:User:Tiyoringo|アッサム語（インド・アッサム地方）]] *[[ast:Usuariu:Tiyoringo|アストゥーリア語（ポルトガルの方言）]] *[[av:Участник:Tiyoringo|アヴァル語（ダゲスタン共和国）]] *[[ay:User:Tiyoringo|アイマラ語（ボリビア・ペルー）]] *[[az:İstifadəçi:Tiyoringo|アゼルバイジャン語]] *[[ba:Ҡатнашыусы:Tiyoringo|バシキール語（バシコルトスタン）]] *[[bar:User:Tiyoringo|ババリア語]] *[[bat-smg:User:Tiyoringo|（リトアニアの一部）]] *[[be:Удзельнік:Tiyoringo|ベラルーシ語]] *[[bg:Потребител:Tiyoringo|ブルガリア語]] *[[bh:User:Tiyoringo|ビハリ語（インド・ビハール州）]] *[[bi:User:Tiyoringo|ビスラマ語（バヌアツ、ニューカレドニア）]] *[[bm:Utilisateur:Tiyoringo|バンバラ語（マリ、ブルキナファソ、コートジボアール、ガンビア）]] *[[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Tiyoringo|ベンガル語（バングラデシュ）]] *[[bo:User:Tiyoringo|チベット語]] *[[bpy:User:Tiyoringo|（バングラデシュ・ミャンマー国境地方）]] *[[br:Implijer:Tiyoringo|ブルトン語（ブルターニュ地方）]] *[[bs:Korisnik:Tiyoringo|ボスニア語]] *[[bug:User:Tiyoringo|ブギス語（スラウェシ島南部）]] *[[bxr:User:Tiyoringo|（ブリヤート語（ブリヤート共和国）]] *[[ca:Usuari:Tiyoringo|カタルーニャ語（カタロニア地方）]] *[[cbk-zam:User:Tiyoringo|スペイン語系言語（フィリピン南部）]] *[[cdo:User:Tiyoringo|閩東語]] *[[ce:User:Tiyoringo|チェチェン語]] *[[ceb:User:Tiyoringo|セブアノ語（セブ島ほか）]] *[[ch:User:Tiyoringo|チャモロ語（グアム、マリアナ諸島）]] *[[cho:User:Tiyoringo|チョクト語（アメリカ先住民）]] *[[chr:User:Tiyoringo|チェロキー語（アメリカ先住民の一部）]] *[[chy:User:Tiyoringo|（アメリカ先住民）]] *[[co:User:Tiyoringo|コルシカ語]] *[[cr:User:Tiyoringo|クリー語（カナダ、アルバータ州/ラブラドル州）]] *[[cs:Wikipedista:Tiyoringo|チェコ語]] *[[csb:Brëkòwnik:Tiyoringo|カシューブ語（ポーランドの一部など）]] *[[cu:User:Tiyoringo|古代教会スラヴ語（東ヨーロッパ）]] *[[cv:Хутшăнакан:Tiyoringo|チュヴァシ語（ヴォルガ川周辺の一部]] *[[cy:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] *[[da:Bruger:Tiyoringo|デンマーク語]] *[[de:Benutzer:Tiyoringo|ドイツ語]] *[[diq:User:Tiyoringo|（トルコ東部）]] *[[dv:User:Tiyoringo|ディベヒ語（モルディブ）]] *[[dz:User:Tiyoringo|ゾンカ語（ブータン）]] *[[el:Χρήστης:Tiyoringo|ギリシャ語]] *[[eml:User:Tiyoringo|（サンマリノ）]] *[[en:User:Tiyoringo|英語]] *[[eo:Vikipediisto:Tiyoringo|エスペラント語（人工言語）]] *[[es:Usuario:Tiyoringo|スペイン語]] *[[et:Kasutaja:Tiyoringo|エストニア語]] *[[eu:Lankide:Tiyoringo|バスク語（バスク地方）]] *[[ewe:User:Tiyoringo|エウェ語（ガーナ、トーゴ）]] *[[fa:کاربر:Tiyoringo|ペルシア語（イラン、タジキスタン、アフガニスタン）]] *[[ff:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] *[[fi:Käyttäjä:Tiyoringo|フィンランド語]] *[[fiu-vro:User:Tiyoringo|ヴォロ語（エストニア南東部）]] *[[fj:User:Tiyoringo|フィジー語（フィジー）]] *[[fo:Brúkari:Tiyoringo|フェロー語（フェロー諸島）]] *[[fr:Utilisateur:Tiyoringo|フランス語]] *[[frp:User:Tiyoringo|アルピタン語（フランス、イタリア、スイス国境地帯）]] *[[fur:Utent:Tiyoringo|フリウリ語（イタリア、スロベニア国境地帯）]] *[[fy:Meidogger:Tiyoringo|フリジア語（北海沿岸など）]] *[[ga:Úsáideoir:Tiyoringo|アイルランド語]] *[[gd:User:Tiyoringo|スコットランド・ゲール語]] *[[gl:User:Tiyoringo|ガリシア語]] *[[glk:User:Tiyoringo|（イラン・カスピ海沿岸）]] *[[gn:User:Tiyoringo|グアラニー語（パラグアイ、ボリビア）]] *[[got:User:Tiyoringo|ゴート語（ほぼ死語）]] <!-- *[[gsw:User:Tiyoringo]](als:Benutzer:Tiyoringo) --> *[[gu:User:Tiyoringo|グジャラート語（インド、グジャラート州）]] *[[gv:User:Tiyoringo|マン島語]] *[[ha:User:Tiyoringo|ハウサ語（ナイジェリア北部など）]] *[[haw:User:Tiyorinho|ハワイ語]] *[[he:משתמש:Tiyoringo|ヘブライ語]] *[[hi:सदस्य:Tiyoringo|ヒンディー語（インドの大部分）]] *[[ho:User:Tiyoringo|（パプアニューギニアの一部）]] *[[hr:Suradnik:Tiyoringo|クロアチア語]] *[[hsb:User:Tiyoringo|（ザクセン）]] *[[ht:User:Tiyoringo|ハイチ語]] *[[hu:User:Tiyoringo|ハンガリー語]] *[[hy:User:Tiyoringo|アルメニア語]] *[[hz:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] *[[ia:Usator:Tiyoringo|インターリングア（国際補助語）]] *[[id:Pengguna:Tiyoringo|イド語（人工言語）]] *[[ie:User:Tiyoringo|インターリングア（国際補助語）]] *[[ig:User:Tiyoringo|イボ語（ナイジェリア、赤道ギニア）]] *[[ii:User:Tiyoringo|彝語（四川省、雲南省少数民族）]] *[[ik:User:Tiyoringo|イヌイット語（アラスカなど）]] *[[ilo:User:Tiyoringo|イロカノ語（ルソン島北部）]] *[[io:User:Tiyoringo|イド語（人工言語）]] *[[is:Pengguna:Tiyoringo|アイスランド語]] *[[it:Utente:Tiyoringo|イタリア語]] *[[iu:User:Tiyoringo|イヌクティトゥット語（カナダ北極海沿岸地方）]] *[[ja:利用者:Tiyoringo|日本語]] *[[jbo:User:Tiyoringo|ロジバン（人工言語）]] *[[jv:Panganggo:Tiyoringo|ジャワ語（ジャワ島中部、東部）]] *[[ka:მომხმარებელი:Tiyoringo|グルジア語]] <!-- *[[kaa:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] --> *[[kg:User:Tiyoringo|コンゴ語（コンゴ共和国、コンゴ民主共和国、アンゴラ]] *[[ki:User:Tiyoringo|（ケニアの一部）]] *[[kj:User:Tiyoringo|（ナミビア、アンゴラ）]] *[[kk:Қатысушы:Tiyoringo|カザフ語]] <!-- *[[kk-cn:User:Tiyoringo]] *[[kk-kz:User:Tiyoringo]] *[[kk-tr:User:Tiyoringo]] --> *[[kl:User:Tiyoringo|グリーンランド語]] *[[km:User:Tiyoringo|クメール語（カンボジア）]] *[[kn:ಸದಸ್ಯ:Tiyoringo|カンナダ語（インド南部）]] *[[ko:사용자:Tiyoringo|朝鮮語]] *[[kr:User:Tiyoringo|（ナイジェリア、チャド、ニジェール、カメルーン）]] *[[ks:User:Tiyoringo|カシミール語（カシミール地方）]] *[[ksh:Medmaacher:Tiyoringo|リプアーリ語（ラインラント、ベルギー東部）]] *[[ku:Bikarhêner:Tiyoringo|クルド語]] *[[kv:Участник:Tiyoringo|コミ語（ロシア・コミ共和国）]] *[[kw:User:Tiyoringo|コーンウォル語（イギリス、コーンウォル地方）]] *[[ky:User:Tiyoringo|キルギス語]] *[[la:Usor:Tiyoringo|ラテン語]] *[[lad:User:Tiyoringo|ジュデズモ語（スペイン系ユダヤ人）]] *[[lb:User:Tiyoringo|ルクセンブルク語]] *[[lbe:User:Tiyoringo|（ダゲスタン共和国南部）]] *[[lg:User:Tiyoringo|ガンダ語（ウガンダ）]] *[[li:Gebroeker:Tiyoringo|リンブルグ語（低地ドイツ語）]] *[[lij:User:Tiyoringo|リグリア語]] *[[lmo:User:Tiyoringo|ロンバルド語（ロンバルディア地方）]] *[[ln:User:Tiyoringo|リンガラ語（コンゴ民主共和国、コンゴ共和国）]] *[[lo:User:Tiyoringo|ラーオ語（ラオス）]] *[[lt:Naudotojas:Tiyoringo|リトアニア語]] *[[lv:Lietotājs:Tiyoringo|ラトビア語]] *[[map-bms:User:Tiyoringo|バニュマス語（ジャワ島中部ほか）]] *[[mg:User:Tiyoringo|マダガスカル語]] *[[mh:User:Tiyoringo|マーシャル語（マーシャル諸島、ナウル）]] *[[mi:User:Tiyoringo|マオリ語（ニュージーランド先住民）]] *[[mk:Корисник:Tiyoringo|マケドニア語]] *[[ml:User:Tiyoringo|マラヤラム語（インド南部）]] *[[mn:User:Tiyoringo|モンゴル語]] *[[mo:User:Tiyoringo|モルドバ語]] *[[mr:User:Tiyoringo|マラーティー語（インド西部）]] *[[ms:Pengguna:Tiyoringo|マレー語]] *[[mt:User:Tiyoringo|マルタ語]] *[[mus:User:Tiyoringo|（アメリカ先住民）]] *[[my:User:Tiyoringo|ビルマ語（ミャンマー）]] *[[mzn:User:Tiyoringo|マザーンダラン語（イラン・カスピ海沿岸）]] *[[na:User:Tiyoringo|ナウル語]] *[[nah:Usuario:Tiyoringo|ナワトル語（メキシコ先住民）]] *[[nap:Utente:Tiyoringo|ナポリ語]] *[[nds:Bruker:Tiyoringo|低ザクセン語（ドイツ北部）]] *[[nds-nl:Gebruker:Tiyoringo|オランダ低ザクセン語（オランダ北部）]] *[[ne:User:Tiyoringo|ネパール語（ネパール）]] *[[new:User:Tiyoringo|ネパール語（ネパール）]] *[[ng:User:Tiyoringo|（ナミビア、アンゴラ南部）]] *[[nl:Gebruiker:Tiyoringo|オランダ語]] *[[nn:Brukar:Tiyoringo|ニーノシュク（ノルウェーの方言）]] *[[no:Bruker:Tiyoringo|ノルウェー語]] <!-- *[[non:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] --> *[[nov:User:Tiyoringo|ノヴィアル（人工言語）]] *[[nrm:User:Tiyoringo|ノルマン語（ノルマンディー地方）]] *[[nv:User:Tiyoringo|ナバホ語（ニューメキシコ州、ユタ州先住民族）]] *[[ny:User:Tiyoringo|チェワ語（マラウイ）]] *[[oc:Utilizaire:Tiyoringo|オック語（ガスコーニュ地方など）]] *[[om:User:Tiyoringo|オロモ語（エチオピア、ケニア）]] *[[or:User:Tiyoringo|オリヤー語（インド・オリッサ州）]] *[[os:Архайæг:Tiyoringo|オセット語（北オセチア共和国）]] *[[pa:User:Tiyoringo|パンジャブ語（インド・パンジャブ州、パキスタン）]] *[[pag:User:Tiyoringo|（ルソン島中部）]] *[[pam:User:Tiyoringo|パンパンガ語（フィリピン北部の一部）]] *[[pap:User:Tiyoringo|ポルトガル語系言語（オランダ領アンチル諸島及びアルバ）]] *[[pdc:User:Tiyoringo|ペンシルバニア・ドイツ語（ペンシルバニア州、カナダ・アメリカ国境）]] *[[pi:User:Tiyoringo|パーリ語（上座仏教教典）]] *[[pih:User:Tiyoringo|ノーフォーク語（オーストラリア領ノーフォーク島）]] *[[pl:Wikipedysta:Tiyoringo|ポーランド語]] *[[pms:Utent:Tiyoringo|ピエモンテ語（ピエモンテ地方）]] *[[ps:User:Tiyoringo|パシュトー語（アフガニスタンの一部）]] *[[pt:Usuário:Tiyoringo|ポルトガル語]] <!-- *[[pt-br:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] --> *[[qu:Usuario:Tiyoringo|ケチュア語（インカ帝国）]] *[[rm:User:Tiyoringo|ロマンシュ語（スイス）]] *[[rmy:Jeno:Tiyoringo|ロマ語（ジプシー）]] *[[rn:User:Tiyoringo|ルンディ語（ブルンジ）]] *[[ro:Utilizator:Tiyoringo|ルーマニア語]] *[[roa-rup:User:Tiyoringo|アルーマニア語（ルーマニア語の流れを持つ）]] *[[roa-tar:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] *[[ru:Участник:Tiyoringo|ロシア語]] *[[ru-sib:User:Tiyoringo|（シベリア）]] *[[rw:User:Tiyoringo|（ルワンダ）]] *[[sa:User:Tiyoringo|サンスクリット語（インドの古典言語）]] *[[sc:Utente:Tiyoringo|サルディーニャ語（サルディーニャ島）]] *[[scn:User:Tiyoringo|シチリア語（シチリア島）]] *[[sco:User:Tiyoringo|スコットランド語]] *[[sd:User:Tiyoringo|シンディー語（パキスタン、シンド州）]] *[[se:User:Tiyoringo|北部サーミ語（ラップランド）]] *[[sg:User:Tiyoringo|サンゴ語（中央アフリカ共和国）]] *[[sh:User:Tiyoringo|セルビア・クロアチア語]] *[[si:User:Tiyoringo|シンハラ語（スリランカ）]] *[[simple:User:Tiyoringo|シンプル英語]] *[[sk:Redaktor:Tiyoringo|スロバキア語]] *[[sl:Uporabnik:Tiyoringo|スロベニア語]] *[[sm:User:Tiyoringo|サモア語]] *[[sn:User:Tiyoringo|ショナ語（ジンバブエなど）]] *[[so:User:Tiyoringo|ソマリ語（ソマリア）]] *[[sq:Përdoruesi:Tiyoringo|アルバニア語]] *[[sr:Корисник:Tiyoringo|セルビア語]] <!-- *[[sr-ec:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] *[[sr-el:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] *[[sr-jc:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] *[[sr-jl:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] --> *[[ss:User:Tiyoringo|スワジ語（スワジランド）]] *[[st:User:Tiyoringo|ソト語（レソト）]] *[[su:Pamaké:Tiyoringo|スンダ語]] *[[sv:Användare:Tiyoringo|スウェーデン語]] *[[sw:User:Tiyoringo|スワヒリ語（ケニア、タンザニア）]] *[[ta:பயனர்:Tiyoringo|タミル語（スリランカ）]] *[[te:సభ్యుడు:Tiyoringo|テルグ語（インド南東部）]] *[[tet:User:Tiyoringo|テトゥン語（東ティモール）]] *[[tg:User:Tiyoringo|タジク語]] *[[th:ผู้ใช้:Tiyoringo|タイ語]] *[[ti:User:Tiyoringo|ティグリヤ語]] *[[tk:User:Tiyoringo|トルクメン語（トルクメニスタン）]] *[[tl:User:Tiyoringo|タガログ語（フィリピン）]] *[[tlh:User:Tiyoringo|クリンゴン語（スタートレック）]] *[[tn:User:Tiyoringo|ツワナ語（ボツワナ）]] *[[to:User:Tiyoringo|トンガ語]] *[[tokipona:User:Tiyoringo|トキポナ（人工言語）]] *[[tpi:User:Tiyoringo|トク・ピジン（パプア・ニューギニア、ソロモン諸島、バヌアツ）]] *[[tr:Kullanıcı:Tiyoringo|トルコ語]] *[[ts:User:Tiyoringo|（モザンビーク、スワジランドなど）]] *[[tt:Äğzä:Tiyoringo|タタール語（北アジア）]] *[[tum:User:Tiyoringo|トゥンブカ語（マラウイなど）]] *[[tw:User:Tiyoringo|トウィ語（ガーナ）]] *[[ty:User:Tiyoringo|タヒチ語]] <!-- *[[tyv:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] ---> *[[udm:Викиавтор:Tiyoringo|ウドムルト語（ロシアの一部）]] *[[ug:User:Tiyoringo|ウィグル語]] *[[uk:Користувач:Tiyoringo|ウクライナ語]] *[[ur:صارف:Tiyoringo|ウルドゥー語（パキスタン、インドなど）]] *[[uz:User:Tiyoringo|ウズベク語（ウズベキスタン）]] *[[ve:User:Tiyoringo|（南アフリカ、ジンバブエ）]] *[[vec:Utente:Tiyoringo|ヴェネツィア語]] *[[vi:Thành viên:Tiyoringo|ベトナム語]] *[[vls:Gebruker:Tiyoringo|フラマン語]] *[[vo:User:Tiyoringo|不明]] *[[wa:Uzeu:Tiyoringo|ワロン語（ベルギー南部）]] *[[war:User:Tiyoringo|ワライワライ語（フィリピン中部）]] *[[wo:User:Tiyoringo|ウォロフ語（セネガル、ガンビア、モーリタニア）]] *[[wuu:User:Tiyoringo|呉語（上海ほか）]] *[[xal:Орлцач:Tiyoringo|オイラト語（モンゴル西部など）]] *[[xh:User:Tiyoringo|（南アフリカ共和国）]] *[[yi:באַניצער:Tiyoringo|イディッシュ語（ユダヤ人、主に中欧、東欧）]] *[[yo:User:Tiyoringo|ヨルバ語（ナイジェリア）]] *[[za:User:Tiyoringo|チワン語（広西省少数民族など）]] *[[zea:User:Tiyoringo|オランダ南西部北海沿岸地方]] *[[zh:User:Tiyoringo|中国語]] *[[zh-classical:User:Tiyoringo|古文/文言文（漢文）]] <!-- *[[zh-cn:User:Tiyoringo|中国語]] *[[zh-hk:User:Tiyoringo|中国語]] --> *[[zh-min-nan:User:Tiyoringo|閩南語（福建省南部）]] <!-- *[[zh-sg:User:Tiyoringo|中国語]] *[[zh-tw:User:Tiyoringo|中国語]] --> *[[zh-yue:User:Tiyoringo|広東語]] *[[zu:User:Tiyoringo|ズールー語（南アフリカ、ズールー族）]] == プロフィール(PROFILE) == *[[:ja:Wikipedia:善意にとる]] === BASKETBALL === *[[NBA]]、[[w:New York Knics|ニューヨーク・ニックス]]のファン。 *[[2006年バスケットボール世界選手権]]のうち、[[さいたまスーパーアリーナ]]で行なわれた20試合中、12試合を観戦した。 **決勝戦（[[スペイン]]対[[ギリシャ]]）7位8位決定戦（[[リトアニア]]対[[ドイツ]]）(4階席より観戦,仕事のため7位8位決定戦は第2Qぐらいから)[[画像:20060903 2157~001.jpg]] **3位から6位決定戦（[[アメリカ]]対[[アルゼンチン]]）、（[[フランス]]対[[トルコ]]）スタンドS席より観戦 **5位から8位戦（フランス対ドイツ）、（トルコ対リトアニア）、アリーナS席(ゴール裏2列目)より観戦 **準々決勝2日目（アメリカ対ドイツ）、（ギリシャ対フランス）、アリーナS席より観戦 **ベスト8決定戦2日目（アメリカ対[[ニュージーランド]]）、（ドイツ対[[ナイジェリア]]）、（フランス対[[アンゴラ]]）、（ギリシャ対[[中国]]）、午前午後は観客入替（1日4試合スタンドS席より観戦、午後は最後列） *購入したグッズ **ピンバッジ（観戦したほぼ全ての試合、スペイン優勝、その他多数） **[[タオル]][[マフラー]]（ギリシャ（中国戦後）、トルコ（フランス戦後）ドイツ（ナイジェリア戦後？）） **Tシャツ（予選Bグループのもの2種類（黒、白）、ギリシャ、トルコ、北海道の絵柄入りの記念Tシャツ（[[札幌]]ラウンドのもの、ただしXXXサイズ、[[北海道]]出身の職場の人へプレゼント） **お菓子3種類 **タイピン（優勝カップ） **ボールペン（[[バツマル]]） **シャーペン（バツマル） *購入したグッズ（公式以外） **[[携帯ストラップ]]（キティ）部活動シリーズ *購入予定グッズ（DVD全てのセット） *:さすがに30,000円のトーナメントピンバッジ限定200か300セットは購入しませんでした。何年か前だったり、10,000円くらいなら買ってました。 === OTHER SPORTS === *[[NFL]]、[[Chicago Bears|シカゴ・ベアーズ]]のファン。 *[[Jリーグ]]、[[ジェフ千葉]]（[[古河電工]]のときより）のファン。 *天皇杯（サッカー）に出場したことのある大学の出身。J1のチームとの試合には応援に出かけました。 == リンク(LINK) == *[[利用者:Tiyoringo/立ち上げ記事]] *[http://www.nba.com/hawks/ アトランタ・ホークス] *[http://www.nba.com/celtics/ ボストンセルティックス] *[http://www.nba.com/bobcats/index_main.html シャーロット・ボブキャッツ] *[http://www.nba.com/bulls/ シカゴ・ブルズ] *[http://www.nba.com/cavaliers/ クリーブランド・キャバリアーズ] *[http://www.nba.com/mavericks/ ダラス・マーベリックス] *[http://www.nba.com/nuggets/ デンバー・ナゲッツ] *[http://www.nba.com/pistons/index_main.html デトロイト・ピストンズ] *[http://www.nba.com/warriors/index_main.html ゴールデンステート・ウォリアーズ] *[http://www.nba.com/rockets/index_main.html ヒューストン・ロケッツ] *[http://www.nba.com/pacers/ インディアナ・ペイサーズ] *[http://www.nba.com/clippers/index_main.html ロサンゼルス・クリッパーズ] *[http://www.nba.com/lakers/ ロサンゼルス・レイカーズ] *[http://www.nba.com/grizzlies/ メンフィス・グリズリーズ] *[http://www.nba.com/heat/ マイアミ・ヒート] *[http://www.nba.com/bucks/ ミルウォーキー・バックス] *[http://www.nba.com/timberwolves/ ミネソタ・ティンバーウルブズ] *[http://www.nba.com/nets/ ニュージャージー・ネッツ] *[http://www.nba.com/hornets/ ニューオーリンズ・ホーネッツ] *[http://www.nba.com/knicks/ ニューヨーク・ニックス] *[http://www.nba.com/magic/index_main.html オーランド・マジック] *[http://www.nba.com/sixers/index_main.html フィラデルフィア・セブンティシクサーズ] *[http://www.nba.com/suns/index_main.html フェニックス・サンズ] *[http://www.nba.com/blazers/ ポートランド・トレイルブレイザーズ] *[http://www.nba.com/kings/ サクラメント･キングス] *[http://www.nba.com/spurs/ サンアントニオ・スパーズ] *[http://www.nba.com/sonics/ シアトル・スーパーソニックス] *[http://www.nba.com/raptors/ トロント・ラプターズ] *[http://www.nba.com/jazz/ ユタ・ジャズ] *[http://www.nba.com/wizards/index_main.html ワシントン･ウィザーズ] 1990 2936 2006-12-18T13:27:57Z 202.71.92.74 I don't speak Pangasinan. I speak English. Hablo castellano. Ich spreche Deutsch. [[meta:User:Ev]] *Sarag yo ak ya nakatongtong diad [[[[m:User talk:Ev|my talk page on meta]]. *You can leave me a message on [[m:User talk:Ev|my talk page on meta]]. *Vous pouvez me laisser un message sur [[m:User talk:Ev|ma page de discussion sur méta]]. *Puede dejarme un mensaje en [[m:User talk:Ev|mi página de discusión en meta]]. *Puoi lasciarmi un messaggio nella [[m:User talk:Ev|mia pagina di discussione su meta]]. *Sie können mir eine Nachricht auf [[m:User talk:Ev|meiner Diskussionsseite im meta]] hinterlassen. 1991 2938 2006-12-22T13:28:06Z 202.71.92.74 {{translation}} A Philippine CONDIMENT that's popular in Hawaii and throughout the Pacific. Bagoong is made from shrimp or small fish that have been salted, cured and fermented for several weeks. The resulting salty liquid (called patis ) is drawn off and used separately as a sauce or condiment. In addition to being served as a condiment, bagoong is used as a flavoring in many dishes.