Wikipedia
http://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
MediaWiki 1.9alpha
first-letter
Media
Special
Talk
User
User talk
Wikipedia
Wikipedia talk
Image
Image talk
MediaWiki
MediaWiki talk
Template
Template talk
Help
Help talk
Category
Category talk
Wikipedia:Short articles
1
sysop
2545
2004-01-25T18:51:16Z
81.187.43.179
<ol start=1></ol>
Wikipedia:All pages by title
2
sysop
2546
2004-05-28T14:55:22Z
193.229.86.41
<table>
<tr><td align="right"><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Allpages&from=Hukuk" class='internal' title ="Special:Allpages">Hukuk</a></td><td> to </td><td align="left">Main Page</td></tr>
</table>
MediaWiki:Categories
3
sysop
7107
2006-10-25T20:38:31Z
MediaWiki default
121
Categories
MediaWiki:Category
4
sysop
2548
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
category
MediaWiki:Category header
5
sysop
2549
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Articles in category "$1"
MediaWiki:Subcategories
6
sysop
2550
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Subcategories
MediaWiki:Linktrail
7
sysop
2551
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
/^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD
MediaWiki:Mainpage
8
sysop
2552
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Main Page
MediaWiki:Mainpagetext
9
sysop
5440
2006-03-28T06:47:01Z
MediaWiki default
<big>'''MediaWiki has been successfully installed.'''</big>
MediaWiki:About
10
sysop
2554
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
About
MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia
11
sysop
2555
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
About Wikipedia
MediaWiki:Aboutpage
12
sysop
2556
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Project:About
MediaWiki:Help
13
sysop
2557
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Help
MediaWiki:Helppage
14
sysop
2558
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Help:Contents
MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix
15
sysop
2559
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}}
MediaWiki:Bugreports
16
sysop
2560
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Bug reports
MediaWiki:Bugreportspage
17
sysop
2561
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Project:Bug_reports
MediaWiki:Sitesupport
18
sysop
4051
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Donations
Template:Sitesupportpage
19
sysop
2563
2004-01-29T15:43:39Z
MediaWiki default
<sitesupportpage>
MediaWiki:Faq
20
sysop
2564
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
FAQ
MediaWiki:Faqpage
21
sysop
2565
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Project:FAQ
MediaWiki:Edithelp
22
sysop
2566
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Editing help
MediaWiki:Edithelppage
23
sysop
2567
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Help:Editing
MediaWiki:Cancel
24
sysop
2568
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Cancel
MediaWiki:Qbfind
25
sysop
2569
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Find
MediaWiki:Qbbrowse
26
sysop
2570
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Browse
MediaWiki:Qbedit
27
sysop
2571
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Edit
MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions
28
sysop
2572
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
This page
MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo
29
sysop
2573
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Context
MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions
30
sysop
2574
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
My pages
MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages
31
sysop
2575
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Special pages
MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot
32
sysop
2576
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
More...
MediaWiki:Mypage
33
sysop
2577
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
My page
MediaWiki:Mytalk
34
sysop
2578
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
My talk
MediaWiki:Currentevents
35
sysop
2579
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Current events
MediaWiki:Disclaimers
36
sysop
2580
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Disclaimers
MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage
37
sysop
2581
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Project:General_disclaimer
MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle
38
sysop
2582
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Error
MediaWiki:Returnto
39
sysop
2583
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Return to $1.
MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia
40
sysop
2584
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
From Wikipedia
MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere
41
sysop
2585
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
What links here
MediaWiki:Search
42
sysop
2586
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Search
MediaWiki:Go
43
sysop
2587
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Go
MediaWiki:History
44
sysop
2588
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Page history
MediaWiki:Printableversion
45
sysop
2589
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Printable version
MediaWiki:Editthispage
46
sysop
2590
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Edit this page
MediaWiki:Deletethispage
47
sysop
2591
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Delete this page
MediaWiki:Protectthispage
48
sysop
2592
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Protect this page
MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage
49
sysop
2593
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Unprotect this page
MediaWiki:Newpage
50
sysop
2594
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
New page
MediaWiki:Talkpage
51
sysop
2595
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Discuss this page
MediaWiki:Postcomment
52
sysop
2596
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Post a comment
MediaWiki:Articlepage
53
sysop
2597
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
View content page
MediaWiki:Subjectpage
54
sysop
2598
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
View subject
MediaWiki:Userpage
55
sysop
2599
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
View user page
MediaWiki:Wikipediapage
56
sysop
2600
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
View project page
MediaWiki:Imagepage
57
sysop
2601
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
View image page
MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage
58
sysop
2602
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
View discussion
MediaWiki:Otherlanguages
59
sysop
4192
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
In other languages
MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom
60
sysop
7301
2006-11-14T23:33:02Z
Parahat
8
($1 sahypasyndan gönükdirildi)
MediaWiki:Lastmodified
61
sysop
2605
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
This page was last modified $1.
MediaWiki:Viewcount
62
sysop
6090
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
This page has been accessed {{plural:$1|one time|$1 times}}.
Template:Gnunote
63
sysop
2607
2004-01-29T15:43:39Z
MediaWiki default
All text is available under the terms of the <a class=internal href='/wiki/GNU_FDL'>GNU Free Documentation License</a>.
MediaWiki:Printsubtitle
64
sysop
2608
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
(From {{SERVER}})
MediaWiki:Protectedpage
65
sysop
2609
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Protected page
MediaWiki:Administrators
66
sysop
5939
2006-07-01T19:13:02Z
MediaWiki default
{{ns:project}}:Administrators
MediaWiki:Sysoptitle
67
sysop
2611
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Sysop access required
MediaWiki:Sysoptext
68
sysop
4207
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
The action you have requested can only be
performed by users with "sysop" capability.
See $1.
MediaWiki:Developertitle
69
sysop
2613
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Developer access required
MediaWiki:Developertext
70
sysop
4166
2005-07-29T11:15:42Z
MediaWiki default
The action you have requested can only be
performed by users with "developer" capability.
See $1.
MediaWiki:Nbytes
71
sysop
6016
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
$1 {{PLURAL:$1|byte|bytes}}
MediaWiki:Ok
72
sysop
2616
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
OK
MediaWiki:Sitetitle
73
sysop
2617
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}}
MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle
74
sysop
4900
2005-12-22T07:45:14Z
MediaWiki default
MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom
75
sysop
2619
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Retrieved from "$1"
MediaWiki:Newmessages
76
sysop
2620
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
You have $1.
MediaWiki:Newmessageslink
77
sysop
2621
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
new messages
MediaWiki:Editsection
78
sysop
2622
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
edit
MediaWiki:Toc
79
sysop
4208
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
Contents
MediaWiki:Showtoc
80
sysop
2624
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
show
MediaWiki:Hidetoc
81
sysop
2625
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
hide
MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted
82
sysop
2626
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
View or restore $1?
MediaWiki:Restorelink
83
sysop
6054
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
{{PLURAL:$1|one deleted edit|$1 deleted edits}}
MediaWiki:Nosuchaction
84
sysop
2628
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
No such action
MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext
85
sysop
2629
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The action specified by the URL is not
recognized by the wiki
MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage
86
sysop
2630
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
No such special page
MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext
87
sysop
4010
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
You have requested an invalid special page, a list of valid special pages may be found at [[{{ns:special}}:Specialpages]].
MediaWiki:Error
88
sysop
2632
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Error
MediaWiki:Databaseerror
89
sysop
2633
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Database error
MediaWiki:Dberrortext
90
sysop
2634
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
A database query syntax error has occurred.
This may indicate a bug in the software.
The last attempted database query was:
<blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote>
from within function "<tt>$2</tt>".
MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>".
MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl
91
sysop
4752
2005-12-02T04:21:27Z
MediaWiki default
A database query syntax error has occurred.
The last attempted database query was:
"$1"
from within function "$2".
MySQL returned error "$3: $4"
MediaWiki:Noconnect
92
sysop
2636
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. <br />
$1
MediaWiki:Nodb
93
sysop
2637
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Could not select database $1
MediaWiki:Cachederror
94
sysop
2638
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date.
MediaWiki:Readonly
95
sysop
2639
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Database locked
MediaWiki:Enterlockreason
96
sysop
2640
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate
of when the lock will be released
MediaWiki:Readonlytext
97
sysop
4391
2005-09-05T10:00:36Z
MediaWiki default
The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal.
The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1
MediaWiki:Missingarticle
98
sysop
4382
2005-09-05T10:00:36Z
MediaWiki default
The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1".
This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a
page that has been deleted.
If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software.
Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL.
MediaWiki:Internalerror
99
sysop
2643
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Internal error
MediaWiki:Filecopyerror
100
sysop
2644
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Could not copy file "$1" to "$2".
MediaWiki:Filerenameerror
101
sysop
2645
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Could not rename file "$1" to "$2".
MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror
102
sysop
2646
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Could not delete file "$1".
MediaWiki:Filenotfound
103
sysop
2647
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Could not find file "$1".
MediaWiki:Unexpected
104
sysop
2648
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Unexpected value: "$1"="$2".
MediaWiki:Formerror
105
sysop
2649
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Error: could not submit form
MediaWiki:Badarticleerror
106
sysop
2650
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
This action cannot be performed on this page.
MediaWiki:Cannotdelete
107
sysop
3659
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Could not delete the page or file specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.)
MediaWiki:Badtitle
108
sysop
2652
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Bad title
MediaWiki:Badtitletext
109
sysop
5352
2006-02-26T02:09:50Z
MediaWiki default
The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles.
MediaWiki:Perfdisabled
110
sysop
4387
2005-09-05T10:00:36Z
MediaWiki default
Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki.
MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub
111
sysop
4388
2005-09-05T10:00:36Z
MediaWiki default
Here is a saved copy from $1:
MediaWiki:Wrong wfQuery params
112
sysop
4413
2005-09-05T10:00:38Z
MediaWiki default
Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br />
Function: $1<br />
Query: $2
MediaWiki:Viewsource
113
sysop
2657
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
View source
MediaWiki:Protectedtext
114
sysop
6042
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
This page has been locked to prevent editing.
You can view and copy the source of this page:
MediaWiki:Logouttitle
115
sysop
2659
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
User logout
MediaWiki:Logouttext
116
sysop
4755
2005-12-02T04:21:28Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>You are now logged out.</strong><br />
You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in
again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may
continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear
your browser cache.
MediaWiki:Welcomecreation
117
sysop
2661
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
== Welcome, $1! ==
Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences.
MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle
118
sysop
2662
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
User login
MediaWiki:Yourname
119
sysop
4231
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
Username
MediaWiki:Yourpassword
120
sysop
4138
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Password
MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain
121
sysop
2665
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Retype password
MediaWiki:Newusersonly
122
sysop
2666
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
(new users only)
MediaWiki:Remembermypassword
123
sysop
7144
2006-10-25T20:38:45Z
MediaWiki default
121
Remember my login on this computer
MediaWiki:Loginproblem
124
sysop
2668
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
<b>There has been a problem with your login.</b><br />Try again!
MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin
125
sysop
4749
2005-12-02T04:21:26Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>User $1, you are already logged in!</strong><br />
MediaWiki:Login
126
sysop
2670
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Log in
MediaWiki:Loginprompt
127
sysop
2671
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
You must have cookies enabled to log in to {{SITENAME}}.
MediaWiki:Userlogin
128
sysop
4738
2005-12-02T02:49:35Z
MediaWiki default
Log in / create account
MediaWiki:Logout
129
sysop
2673
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Log out
MediaWiki:Userlogout
130
sysop
2674
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Log out
MediaWiki:Notloggedin
131
sysop
2675
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Not logged in
MediaWiki:Createaccount
132
sysop
4702
2005-12-02T02:49:31Z
MediaWiki default
Create account
MediaWiki:Createaccountmail
133
sysop
4703
2005-12-02T02:49:31Z
MediaWiki default
by e-mail
MediaWiki:Badretype
134
sysop
2678
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
The passwords you entered do not match.
MediaWiki:Userexists
135
sysop
4737
2005-12-02T02:49:35Z
MediaWiki default
Username entered already in use. Please choose a different name.
MediaWiki:Youremail
136
sysop
7172
2006-10-25T20:38:50Z
MediaWiki default
121
E-mail *:
MediaWiki:Yournick
137
sysop
4626
2005-11-09T23:20:47Z
MediaWiki default
Nickname:
MediaWiki:Emailforlost
138
sysop
4883
2005-12-22T07:45:12Z
MediaWiki default
<div style="width:30em">* Optional. An e-mail lets others contact you on this site without revealing your address, and lets us send you a new password if you forget it.<br /><br />Your real name will be used to give you attribution for your work.</div>
MediaWiki:Loginerror
139
sysop
2683
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Login error
MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew
140
sysop
2684
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The user account was created, but you are not logged in. {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password.
MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin
141
sysop
2685
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again.
MediaWiki:Noname
142
sysop
2686
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
You have not specified a valid user name.
MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle
143
sysop
2687
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Login successful
MediaWiki:Loginsuccess
144
sysop
4715
2005-12-02T02:49:33Z
MediaWiki default
'''You are now logged in to {{SITENAME}} as "$1".'''
MediaWiki:Nosuchuser
145
sysop
4722
2005-12-02T02:49:34Z
MediaWiki default
There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or create a new account.
MediaWiki:Wrongpassword
146
sysop
4743
2005-12-02T02:49:36Z
MediaWiki default
Incorrect password entered. Please try again.
MediaWiki:Mailmypassword
147
sysop
4717
2005-12-02T02:49:33Z
MediaWiki default
E-mail password
MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle
148
sysop
2692
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Password reminder from {{SITENAME}}
MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext
149
sysop
6029
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
Someone (probably you, from IP address $1)
requested that we send you a new password for {{SITENAME}} ($4).
The password for user "$2" is now "$3".
You should log in and change your password now.
If someone else made this request or if you have remembered your password and
you no longer wish to change it, you may ignore this message and continue using
your old password.
MediaWiki:Noemail
150
sysop
2694
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1".
MediaWiki:Passwordsent
151
sysop
2695
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
A new password has been sent to the e-mail address
registered for "$1".
Please log in again after you receive it.
MediaWiki:Loginend
152
sysop
4714
2005-12-02T02:49:33Z
MediaWiki default
MediaWiki:Bold sample
153
sysop
2697
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Bold text
MediaWiki:Bold tip
154
sysop
2698
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Bold text
MediaWiki:Italic sample
155
sysop
2699
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Italic text
MediaWiki:Italic tip
156
sysop
2700
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Italic text
MediaWiki:Link sample
157
sysop
2701
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Link title
MediaWiki:Link tip
158
sysop
2702
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Internal link
MediaWiki:Extlink sample
159
sysop
2703
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
http://www.example.com link title
MediaWiki:Extlink tip
160
sysop
2704
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
External link (remember http:// prefix)
MediaWiki:Headline sample
161
sysop
2705
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Headline text
MediaWiki:Headline tip
162
sysop
2706
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Level 2 headline
MediaWiki:Math sample
163
sysop
2707
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Insert formula here
MediaWiki:Math tip
164
sysop
2708
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Mathematical formula (LaTeX)
MediaWiki:Nowiki sample
165
sysop
2709
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Insert non-formatted text here
MediaWiki:Nowiki tip
166
sysop
2710
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Ignore wiki formatting
MediaWiki:Image sample
167
sysop
2711
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Example.jpg
MediaWiki:Image tip
168
sysop
2712
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Embedded image
MediaWiki:Media sample
169
sysop
3993
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Example.ogg
MediaWiki:Media tip
170
sysop
2714
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Media file link
MediaWiki:Sig tip
171
sysop
2715
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Your signature with timestamp
MediaWiki:Hr tip
172
sysop
2716
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Horizontal line (use sparingly)
MediaWiki:Infobox
173
sysop
2717
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Click a button to get an example text
MediaWiki:Summary
174
sysop
2718
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Summary
MediaWiki:Subject
175
sysop
2719
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Subject/headline
MediaWiki:Minoredit
176
sysop
4186
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
This is a minor edit
MediaWiki:Watchthis
177
sysop
2721
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Watch this page
MediaWiki:Savearticle
178
sysop
2722
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Save page
MediaWiki:Preview
179
sysop
2723
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Preview
MediaWiki:Showpreview
180
sysop
2724
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Show preview
MediaWiki:Blockedtitle
181
sysop
2725
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
User is blocked
MediaWiki:Blockedtext
182
sysop
6466
2006-08-31T19:29:09Z
MediaWiki default
<big>'''Your user name or IP address has been blocked.'''</big>
The block was made by $1. The reason given is ''$2''.
You can contact $1 or another [[{{ns:project}}:Administrators|administrator]] to discuss the block.
You cannot use the 'email this user' feature unless a valid email address is specified in your
[[Special:Preferences|account preferences]]. Your current IP address is $3. Please include this in any queries.
MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle
183
sysop
2727
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Login required to edit
MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext
184
sysop
6099
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
You have to $1 to edit pages.
MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle
185
sysop
2729
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Login required to read
MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext
186
sysop
2730
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages.
MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle
187
sysop
2731
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
You are not allowed to create an account
MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext
188
sysop
2732
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions.
MediaWiki:Accmailtitle
189
sysop
2733
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Password sent.
MediaWiki:Accmailtext
190
sysop
4880
2005-12-22T07:45:11Z
MediaWiki default
The password for "$1" has been sent to $2.
MediaWiki:Newarticle
191
sysop
2735
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
(New)
MediaWiki:Newarticletext
192
sysop
6018
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet.
To create the page, start typing in the box below
(see the [[{{ns:help}}:Contents|help page]] for more info).
If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button.
MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext
193
sysop
5944
2006-07-01T19:13:02Z
MediaWiki default
----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical IP address to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.''
MediaWiki:Noarticletext
194
sysop
6021
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
There is currently no text in this page, you can [[{{ns:special}}:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|search for this page title]] in other pages or [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} edit this page].
MediaWiki:Updated
195
sysop
2739
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
(Updated)
MediaWiki:Note
196
sysop
5371
2006-02-26T02:09:51Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>Note:</strong>
MediaWiki:Previewnote
197
sysop
4594
2005-11-09T23:20:45Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>This is only a preview; changes have not yet been saved!</strong>
MediaWiki:Previewconflict
198
sysop
6037
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save.
MediaWiki:Editing
199
sysop
2743
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Editing $1
MediaWiki:Sectionedit
200
sysop
2744
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
(section)
MediaWiki:Commentedit
201
sysop
2745
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
(comment)
MediaWiki:Editconflict
202
sysop
2746
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Edit conflict: $1
MediaWiki:Explainconflict
203
sysop
4884
2005-12-22T07:45:13Z
MediaWiki default
Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it.
The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists.
Your changes are shown in the lower text area.
You will have to merge your changes into the existing text.
<b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you
press "Save page".<br />
MediaWiki:Yourtext
204
sysop
2748
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Your text
MediaWiki:Storedversion
205
sysop
2749
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Stored version
MediaWiki:Editingold
206
sysop
3688
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date
revision of this page.
If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong>
MediaWiki:Yourdiff
207
sysop
2751
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Differences
MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning
208
sysop
4881
2005-12-22T07:45:12Z
MediaWiki default
Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} are considered to be released under the $2 (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here.<br />
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource.
<strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong>
MediaWiki:Longpagewarning
209
sysop
3989
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some
browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb.
Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections.</strong>
MediaWiki:Readonlywarning
210
sysop
4027
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance,
so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste
the text into a text file and save it for later.</strong>
MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning
211
sysop
6041
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it.</strong>
MediaWiki:Revhistory
212
sysop
2756
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Revision history
MediaWiki:Nohistory
213
sysop
2757
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
There is no edit history for this page.
MediaWiki:Revnotfound
214
sysop
2758
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Revision not found
MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext
215
sysop
4899
2005-12-22T07:45:14Z
MediaWiki default
The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found.
Please check the URL you used to access this page.
MediaWiki:Loadhist
216
sysop
2760
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Loading page history
MediaWiki:Currentrev
217
sysop
2761
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Current revision
MediaWiki:Revisionasof
218
sysop
2762
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Revision as of $1
MediaWiki:Cur
219
sysop
2763
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
cur
MediaWiki:Next
220
sysop
2764
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
next
MediaWiki:Last
221
sysop
2765
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
last
MediaWiki:Orig
222
sysop
2766
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
orig
MediaWiki:Histlegend
223
sysop
2767
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.<br />
Legend: (cur) = difference with current version,
(last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit.
MediaWiki:Difference
224
sysop
2768
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
(Difference between revisions)
MediaWiki:Loadingrev
225
sysop
2769
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
loading revision for diff
MediaWiki:Lineno
226
sysop
2770
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Line $1:
MediaWiki:Editcurrent
227
sysop
2771
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Edit the current version of this page
MediaWiki:Searchresults
228
sysop
2772
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Search results
MediaWiki:Searchhelppage
229
sysop
2773
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Wikipedia:Searching
MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia
230
sysop
2774
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Searching Wikipedia
MediaWiki:Searchresulttext
231
sysop
6059
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
For more information about searching {{SITENAME}}, see [[{{ns:project}}:Searching|Searching {{SITENAME}}]].
MediaWiki:Searchquery
232
sysop
2776
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
For query "$1"
MediaWiki:Badquery
233
sysop
2777
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Badly formed search query
MediaWiki:Badquerytext
234
sysop
2778
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
We could not process your query.
This is probably because you have attempted to search for a
word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported.
It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for
example "fish and and scales".
Please try another query.
MediaWiki:Matchtotals
235
sysop
2779
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The query "$1" matched $2 page titles
and the text of $3 pages.
MediaWiki:Nogomatch
236
sysop
5370
2006-02-26T02:09:51Z
MediaWiki default
'''There is no page titled "$1".''' You can [[$1|create this page]].
MediaWiki:Titlematches
237
sysop
2781
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Article title matches
MediaWiki:Notitlematches
238
sysop
2782
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
No page title matches
MediaWiki:Textmatches
239
sysop
2783
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Page text matches
MediaWiki:Notextmatches
240
sysop
2784
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
No page text matches
MediaWiki:Prevn
241
sysop
2785
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
previous $1
MediaWiki:Nextn
242
sysop
2786
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
next $1
MediaWiki:Viewprevnext
243
sysop
2787
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
View ($1) ($2) ($3).
MediaWiki:Showingresults
244
sysop
2788
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Showing below up to <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>.
MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum
245
sysop
2789
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>.
MediaWiki:Nonefound
246
sysop
6508
2006-08-31T19:29:13Z
MediaWiki default
'''Note''': Unsuccessful searches are
often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from",
which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages
containing all of the search terms will appear in the result).
MediaWiki:Powersearch
247
sysop
2791
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Search
MediaWiki:Powersearchtext
248
sysop
6032
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
Search in namespaces:<br />$1<br />$2 List redirects<br />Search for $3 $9
MediaWiki:Searchdisabled
249
sysop
4040
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}} search is disabled. You can search via Google in the meantime. Note that their indexes of {{SITENAME}} content may be out of date.
MediaWiki:Blanknamespace
250
sysop
2794
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
(Main)
MediaWiki:Preferences
251
sysop
2795
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Preferences
MediaWiki:Prefsnologin
252
sysop
2796
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Not logged in
MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext
253
sysop
4195
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to set user preferences.
MediaWiki:Prefslogintext
254
sysop
2798
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
You are logged in as "$1".
Your internal ID number is $2.
See [[Project:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options.
MediaWiki:Prefsreset
255
sysop
2799
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Preferences have been reset from storage.
MediaWiki:Qbsettings
256
sysop
2800
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Quickbar
MediaWiki:Changepassword
257
sysop
2801
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Change password
MediaWiki:Skin
258
sysop
2802
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Skin
MediaWiki:Math
259
sysop
3992
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Math
MediaWiki:Dateformat
260
sysop
2804
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Date format
MediaWiki:Math failure
261
sysop
2805
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Failed to parse
MediaWiki:Math unknown error
262
sysop
2806
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
unknown error
MediaWiki:Math unknown function
263
sysop
5368
2006-02-26T02:09:51Z
MediaWiki default
unknown function
MediaWiki:Math lexing error
264
sysop
2808
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
lexing error
MediaWiki:Math syntax error
265
sysop
2809
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
syntax error
MediaWiki:Math image error
266
sysop
2810
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert
MediaWiki:Saveprefs
267
sysop
4036
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Save
MediaWiki:Resetprefs
268
sysop
4031
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Reset
MediaWiki:Oldpassword
269
sysop
4591
2005-11-09T23:20:45Z
MediaWiki default
Old password:
MediaWiki:Newpassword
270
sysop
4586
2005-11-09T23:20:45Z
MediaWiki default
New password:
MediaWiki:Retypenew
271
sysop
4599
2005-11-09T23:20:45Z
MediaWiki default
Retype new password:
MediaWiki:Textboxsize
272
sysop
2816
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Editing
MediaWiki:Rows
273
sysop
4600
2005-11-09T23:20:46Z
MediaWiki default
Rows:
MediaWiki:Columns
274
sysop
4556
2005-11-09T23:20:43Z
MediaWiki default
Columns:
MediaWiki:Searchresultshead
275
sysop
4042
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Search
MediaWiki:Resultsperpage
276
sysop
4598
2005-11-09T23:20:45Z
MediaWiki default
Hits per page:
MediaWiki:Contextlines
277
sysop
4561
2005-11-09T23:20:43Z
MediaWiki default
Lines per hit:
MediaWiki:Contextchars
278
sysop
4560
2005-11-09T23:20:43Z
MediaWiki default
Context per line:
MediaWiki:Stubthreshold
279
sysop
4603
2005-11-09T23:20:46Z
MediaWiki default
Threshold for stub display:
MediaWiki:Recentchangescount
280
sysop
4595
2005-11-09T23:20:45Z
MediaWiki default
Titles in recent changes:
MediaWiki:Savedprefs
281
sysop
2825
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Your preferences have been saved.
MediaWiki:Timezonetext
282
sysop
4056
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
The number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC).
MediaWiki:Localtime
283
sysop
3987
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Local time
MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset
284
sysop
4055
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Offset¹
MediaWiki:Servertime
285
sysop
4044
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Server time
MediaWiki:Guesstimezone
286
sysop
2830
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Fill in from browser
MediaWiki:Emailflag
287
sysop
2831
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Disable e-mail from other users
MediaWiki:Defaultns
288
sysop
2832
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Search in these namespaces by default:
MediaWiki:Changes
289
sysop
2833
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
changes
MediaWiki:Recentchanges
290
sysop
2834
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Recent changes
MediaWiki:Recentchangestext
291
sysop
2835
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page.
MediaWiki:Rcloaderr
292
sysop
2836
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Loading recent changes
MediaWiki:Rcnote
293
sysop
6046
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in the last <strong>$2</strong> days, as of $3.
MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom
294
sysop
2838
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown).
MediaWiki:Rclistfrom
295
sysop
2839
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Show new changes starting from $1
MediaWiki:Showhideminor
296
sysop
5382
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
$1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users | $4 patrolled edits
MediaWiki:Rclinks
297
sysop
2841
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Show last $1 changes in last $2 days<br />$3
MediaWiki:Rchide
298
sysop
2842
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits.
MediaWiki:Rcliu
299
sysop
2843
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
; $1 edits from logged in users
MediaWiki:Diff
300
sysop
2844
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
diff
MediaWiki:Hist
301
sysop
2845
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
hist
MediaWiki:Hide
302
sysop
4180
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
Hide
MediaWiki:Show
303
sysop
4395
2005-09-05T10:00:37Z
MediaWiki default
Show
MediaWiki:Tableform
304
sysop
2848
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
table
MediaWiki:Listform
305
sysop
2849
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
list
MediaWiki:Nchanges
306
sysop
2850
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
$1 changes
MediaWiki:Minoreditletter
307
sysop
2851
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
m
MediaWiki:Newpageletter
308
sysop
2852
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
N
MediaWiki:Upload
309
sysop
2853
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Upload file
MediaWiki:Uploadbtn
310
sysop
2854
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Upload file
MediaWiki:Uploadlink
311
sysop
2855
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Upload images
MediaWiki:Reupload
312
sysop
2856
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Re-upload
MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc
313
sysop
2857
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Return to the upload form.
MediaWiki:Uploadnologin
314
sysop
2858
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Not logged in
MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext
315
sysop
4077
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]]
to upload files.
MediaWiki:Uploadfile
316
sysop
2860
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Upload images, sounds, documents etc.
MediaWiki:Uploaderror
317
sysop
2861
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Upload error
MediaWiki:Uploadtext
318
sysop
6089
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
Use the form below to upload files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log/upload|upload log]].
To include the image in a page, use a link in the form
'''<nowiki>[[{{ns:image}}:File.jpg]]</nowiki>''',
'''<nowiki>[[{{ns:image}}:File.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or
'''<nowiki>[[{{ns:media}}:File.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file.
MediaWiki:Uploadlog
319
sysop
2863
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
upload log
MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage
320
sysop
6087
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
Upload log
MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext
321
sysop
2865
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Below is a list of the most recent file uploads.
MediaWiki:Filename
322
sysop
2866
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Filename
MediaWiki:Filedesc
323
sysop
2867
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Summary
MediaWiki:Filestatus
324
sysop
2868
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Copyright status
MediaWiki:Filesource
325
sysop
2869
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Source
MediaWiki:Affirmation
326
sysop
2870
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
I affirm that the copyright holder of this file
agrees to license it under the terms of the $1.
MediaWiki:Copyrightpage
327
sysop
2871
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Project:Copyrights
MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename
328
sysop
2872
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}} copyright
MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles
329
sysop
2873
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Uploaded files
MediaWiki:Noaffirmation
330
sysop
2874
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights.
MediaWiki:Ignorewarning
331
sysop
2875
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Ignore warning and save file anyway.
MediaWiki:Minlength
332
sysop
4185
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
File names must be at least three letters.
MediaWiki:Badfilename
333
sysop
4161
2005-07-29T11:15:41Z
MediaWiki default
File name has been changed to "$1".
MediaWiki:Badfiletype
334
sysop
2878
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
".$1" is not a recommended image file format.
MediaWiki:Largefile
335
sysop
6007
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
It is recommended that files do not exceed $1 bytes in size; this file is $2 bytes
MediaWiki:Successfulupload
336
sysop
2880
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Successful upload
MediaWiki:Fileuploaded
337
sysop
2881
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
File $1 uploaded successfully.
Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill
in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was
created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. If this is an image, you can insert it like this: <tt><nowiki>[[Image:$1|thumb|Description]]</nowiki></tt>
MediaWiki:Uploadwarning
338
sysop
2882
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Upload warning
MediaWiki:Savefile
339
sysop
2883
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Save file
MediaWiki:Uploadedimage
340
sysop
4075
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
uploaded "[[$1]]"
MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled
341
sysop
5393
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Uploads disabled
MediaWiki:Imagelist
342
sysop
3969
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
File list
MediaWiki:Imagelisttext
343
sysop
5991
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
Below is a list of '''$1''' {{plural:$1|file|files}} sorted $2.
MediaWiki:Getimagelist
344
sysop
3941
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
fetching file list
MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch
345
sysop
2889
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Show all images with names matching
MediaWiki:Ilsubmit
346
sysop
2890
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Search
MediaWiki:Showlast
347
sysop
4049
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Show last $1 files sorted $2.
MediaWiki:All
348
sysop
2892
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
all
MediaWiki:Byname
349
sysop
2893
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
by name
MediaWiki:Bydate
350
sysop
2894
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
by date
MediaWiki:Bysize
351
sysop
2895
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
by size
MediaWiki:Imgdelete
352
sysop
2896
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
del
MediaWiki:Imgdesc
353
sysop
2897
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
desc
MediaWiki:Imglegend
354
sysop
4182
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
Legend: (desc) = show/edit file description.
MediaWiki:Imghistory
355
sysop
4181
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
File history
MediaWiki:Revertimg
356
sysop
2900
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
rev
MediaWiki:Deleteimg
357
sysop
2901
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
del
MediaWiki:Imghistlegend
358
sysop
3972
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete
this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
<br /><i>Click on date to see the file uploaded on that date</i>.
MediaWiki:Imagelinks
359
sysop
3968
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Links
MediaWiki:Linkstoimage
360
sysop
3986
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
The following pages link to this file:
MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage
361
sysop
4009
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
There are no pages that link to this file.
MediaWiki:Statistics
362
sysop
2906
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Statistics
MediaWiki:Sitestats
363
sysop
4203
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}} statistics
MediaWiki:Userstats
364
sysop
2908
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
User statistics
MediaWiki:Sitestatstext
365
sysop
5462
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
MediaWiki default
There are '''$1''' total pages in the database.
This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub"
pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages.
Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate
content pages.
'''$8''' files have been uploaded.
There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits
since the wiki was setup.
That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit.
The [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue job queue] length is '''$7'''.
MediaWiki:Userstatstext
366
sysop
6531
2006-08-31T19:29:14Z
MediaWiki default
There are '''$1''' registered users, of which
'''$2''' (or '''$4%''') are $5.
MediaWiki:Maintenance
367
sysop
2911
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Maintenance page
MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext
368
sysop
2912
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-)
MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink
369
sysop
2913
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Back to Maintenance Page
MediaWiki:Disambiguations
370
sysop
2914
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Disambiguation pages
MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage
371
sysop
4167
2005-07-29T11:15:42Z
MediaWiki default
Template:disambig
MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext
372
sysop
2916
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The following pages link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br />A page is treated as disambiguation if it is linked from $1.<br />Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here.
MediaWiki:Doubleredirects
373
sysop
4168
2005-07-29T11:15:42Z
MediaWiki default
Double redirects
MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext
374
sysop
2918
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to.
MediaWiki:Brokenredirects
375
sysop
5354
2006-02-26T02:09:50Z
MediaWiki default
Broken redirects
MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext
376
sysop
5355
2006-02-26T02:09:50Z
MediaWiki default
The following redirects link to non-existent pages:
MediaWiki:Selflinks
377
sysop
5378
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Self-linking pages
MediaWiki:Selflinkstext
378
sysop
5379
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
The following pages link to themselves:
MediaWiki:Mispeelings
379
sysop
2923
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Pages with misspellings
MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext
380
sysop
2924
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this).
MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage
381
sysop
2925
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
List of common misspellings
MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks
382
sysop
2926
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Missing Language Links
MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton
383
sysop
2927
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Find missing language links for
MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext
384
sysop
2928
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
These pages do <i>not</i> link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are <i>not</i> shown.
MediaWiki:Orphans
385
sysop
2929
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Orphaned pages
MediaWiki:Lonelypages
386
sysop
2930
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Orphaned pages
MediaWiki:Unusedimages
387
sysop
4073
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Unused files
MediaWiki:Popularpages
388
sysop
2932
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Popular pages
MediaWiki:Nviews
389
sysop
6027
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
$1 {{PLURAL:$1|view|views}}
MediaWiki:Wantedpages
390
sysop
2934
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Wanted pages
MediaWiki:Nlinks
391
sysop
6019
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
$1 {{PLURAL:$1|link|links}}
MediaWiki:Allpages
392
sysop
2936
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
All pages
MediaWiki:Randompage
393
sysop
2937
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Random page
MediaWiki:Shortpages
394
sysop
2938
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Short pages
MediaWiki:Longpages
395
sysop
2939
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Long pages
MediaWiki:Deadendpages
396
sysop
2940
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Dead-end pages
MediaWiki:Listusers
397
sysop
2941
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
User list
MediaWiki:Specialpages
398
sysop
2942
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Special pages
MediaWiki:Spheading
399
sysop
2943
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Special pages for all users
MediaWiki:Sysopspheading
400
sysop
2944
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
For sysop use only
MediaWiki:Developerspheading
401
sysop
2945
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
For developer use only
MediaWiki:Protectpage
402
sysop
2946
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Protect page
MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked
403
sysop
2947
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Related changes
MediaWiki:Rclsub
404
sysop
2948
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
(to pages linked from "$1")
MediaWiki:Debug
405
sysop
2949
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Debug
MediaWiki:Newpages
406
sysop
2950
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
New pages
MediaWiki:Ancientpages
407
sysop
2951
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Oldest pages
MediaWiki:Intl
408
sysop
2952
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Interlanguage links
MediaWiki:Movethispage
409
sysop
2953
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Move this page
MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext
410
sysop
2954
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
<p>Please note that other web sites may link to an image with
a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being
in active use.</p>
MediaWiki:Booksources
411
sysop
2955
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Book sources
MediaWiki:Booksourcetext
412
sysop
4163
2005-07-29T11:15:42Z
MediaWiki default
Below is a list of links to other sites that
sell new and used books, and may also have further information
about books you are looking for.
MediaWiki:Alphaindexline
413
sysop
2957
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
$1 to $2
MediaWiki:Mailnologin
414
sysop
2958
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
No send address
MediaWiki:Mailnologintext
415
sysop
3990
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]]
and have a valid e-mail address in your [[Special:Preferences|preferences]]
to send e-mail to other users.
MediaWiki:Emailuser
416
sysop
2960
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
E-mail this user
MediaWiki:Emailpage
417
sysop
2961
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
E-mail user
MediaWiki:Emailpagetext
418
sysop
2962
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in
his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message.
The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear
as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able
to reply.
MediaWiki:Noemailtitle
419
sysop
2963
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
No e-mail address
MediaWiki:Noemailtext
420
sysop
2964
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
This user has not specified a valid e-mail address,
or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users.
MediaWiki:Emailfrom
421
sysop
2965
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
From
MediaWiki:Emailto
422
sysop
2966
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
To
MediaWiki:Emailsubject
423
sysop
2967
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Subject
MediaWiki:Emailmessage
424
sysop
2968
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Message
MediaWiki:Emailsend
425
sysop
2969
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Send
MediaWiki:Emailsent
426
sysop
2970
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
E-mail sent
MediaWiki:Emailsenttext
427
sysop
2971
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Your e-mail message has been sent.
MediaWiki:Watchlist
428
sysop
2972
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
My watchlist
MediaWiki:Watchlistsub
429
sysop
2973
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
(for user "$1")
MediaWiki:Nowatchlist
430
sysop
2974
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
You have no items on your watchlist.
MediaWiki:Watchnologin
431
sysop
2975
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Not logged in
MediaWiki:Watchnologintext
432
sysop
4229
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to modify your watchlist.
MediaWiki:Addedwatch
433
sysop
2977
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Added to watchlist
MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext
434
sysop
5938
2006-07-01T19:13:02Z
MediaWiki default
The page "[[:$1]]" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]].
Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there,
and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to
make it easier to pick out.
If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Unwatch" in the sidebar.
MediaWiki:Removedwatch
435
sysop
2979
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Removed from watchlist
MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext
436
sysop
6053
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
The page "[[:$1]]" has been removed from your watchlist.
MediaWiki:Watchthispage
437
sysop
2981
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Watch this page
MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage
438
sysop
2982
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Stop watching
MediaWiki:Notanarticle
439
sysop
2983
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Not a content page
MediaWiki:Watchnochange
440
sysop
4228
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
None of your watched items was edited in the time period displayed.
MediaWiki:Watchdetails
441
sysop
7166
2006-10-25T20:38:49Z
MediaWiki default
121
* {{PLURAL:$1|$1 page|$1 pages}} watched not counting talk pages
* [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]]
* [[Special:Watchlist/clear|Remove all pages]]
MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent
442
sysop
2986
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
checking recent edits for watched pages
MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list
443
sysop
2987
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
checking watched pages for recent edits
MediaWiki:Removechecked
444
sysop
2988
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Remove checked items from watchlist
MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains
445
sysop
2989
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Your watchlist contains $1 pages.
MediaWiki:Watcheditlist
446
sysop
4123
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Here's an alphabetical list of your
watched content pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button
at the bottom of the screen (deleting a content page also deletes the accompanying talk page and vice versa).
MediaWiki:Removingchecked
447
sysop
2991
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Removing requested items from watchlist...
MediaWiki:Couldntremove
448
sysop
2992
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Couldn't remove item '$1'...
MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname
449
sysop
2993
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Problem with item '$1', invalid name...
MediaWiki:Wlnote
450
sysop
2994
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Below are the last $1 changes in the last <b>$2</b> hours.
MediaWiki:Wlshowlast
451
sysop
2995
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Show last $1 hours $2 days $3
MediaWiki:Wlsaved
452
sysop
2996
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
This is a saved version of your watchlist.
MediaWiki:Deletepage
453
sysop
2997
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Delete page
MediaWiki:Confirm
454
sysop
2998
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Confirm
MediaWiki:Excontent
455
sysop
3701
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
content was: '$1'
MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank
456
sysop
3700
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
content before blanking was: '$1'
MediaWiki:Exblank
457
sysop
3001
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
page was empty
MediaWiki:Confirmdelete
458
sysop
3002
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Confirm delete
MediaWiki:Deletesub
459
sysop
3003
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
(Deleting "$1")
MediaWiki:Historywarning
460
sysop
5360
2006-02-26T02:09:51Z
MediaWiki default
Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history:
MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext
461
sysop
5958
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
You are about to permanently delete a page
or image along with all of its history from the database.
Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the
consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with
[[{{ns:project}}:Policy]].
MediaWiki:Confirmcheck
462
sysop
3006
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Yes, I really want to delete this.
MediaWiki:Actioncomplete
463
sysop
3007
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Action complete
MediaWiki:Deletedtext
464
sysop
3008
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
"$1" has been deleted.
See $2 for a record of recent deletions.
MediaWiki:Deletedarticle
465
sysop
3682
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
deleted "[[$1]]"
MediaWiki:Dellogpage
466
sysop
5962
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
Deletion log
MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext
467
sysop
3011
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Below is a list of the most recent deletions.
MediaWiki:Deletionlog
468
sysop
3012
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
deletion log
MediaWiki:Reverted
469
sysop
3013
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Reverted to earlier revision
MediaWiki:Deletecomment
470
sysop
3014
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Reason for deletion
MediaWiki:Imagereverted
471
sysop
3015
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Revert to earlier version was successful.
MediaWiki:Rollback
472
sysop
3016
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Roll back edits
MediaWiki:Rollbacklink
473
sysop
3017
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
rollback
MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed
474
sysop
3018
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Rollback failed
MediaWiki:Cantrollback
475
sysop
3019
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page.
MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled
476
sysop
5348
2006-02-26T02:09:50Z
MediaWiki default
Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]]
by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already.
Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]).
MediaWiki:Editcomment
477
sysop
3021
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The edit comment was: "<i>$1</i>".
MediaWiki:Revertpage
478
sysop
6055
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/$2|$2]] ([[User_talk:$2|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:$1|$1]]
MediaWiki:Protectlogpage
479
sysop
6043
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
Protection log
MediaWiki:Protectlogtext
480
sysop
6044
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
Below is a list of page locks and unlocks.
MediaWiki:Protectedarticle
481
sysop
4023
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
protected "[[$1]]"
MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle
482
sysop
4072
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
unprotected "[[$1]]"
MediaWiki:Undelete
483
sysop
4403
2005-09-05T10:00:37Z
MediaWiki default
View deleted pages
MediaWiki:Undeletepage
484
sysop
3028
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
View and restore deleted pages
MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext
485
sysop
3029
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and
can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out.
MediaWiki:Undeletearticle
486
sysop
3030
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Restore deleted page
MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions
487
sysop
3031
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
$1 revisions archived
MediaWiki:Undeletehistory
488
sysop
3032
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history.
If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored
revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page
will not be automatically replaced.
MediaWiki:Undeleterevision
489
sysop
3033
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Deleted revision as of $1
MediaWiki:Undeletebtn
490
sysop
6077
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
Restore
MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle
491
sysop
4071
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
restored "[[$1]]"
MediaWiki:Undeletedtext
492
sysop
4614
2005-11-09T23:20:46Z
MediaWiki default
[[:$1|$1]] has been successfully restored.
See [[Special:Log/delete]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations.
MediaWiki:Contributions
493
sysop
3037
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
User contributions
MediaWiki:Mycontris
494
sysop
3038
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
My contributions
MediaWiki:Contribsub
495
sysop
3039
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
For $1
MediaWiki:Nocontribs
496
sysop
3040
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
No changes were found matching these criteria.
MediaWiki:Ucnote
497
sysop
3041
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days.
MediaWiki:Uclinks
498
sysop
3042
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days.
MediaWiki:Uctop
499
sysop
3043
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
(top)
MediaWiki:Notargettitle
500
sysop
3044
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
No target
MediaWiki:Notargettext
501
sysop
3045
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
You have not specified a target page or user
to perform this function on.
MediaWiki:Linklistsub
502
sysop
3046
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
(List of links)
MediaWiki:Linkshere
503
sysop
6498
2006-08-31T19:29:11Z
MediaWiki default
The following pages link to '''[[:$1]]''':
MediaWiki:Nolinkshere
504
sysop
6507
2006-08-31T19:29:13Z
MediaWiki default
No pages link to '''[[:$1]]'''.
MediaWiki:Isredirect
505
sysop
3049
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
redirect page
MediaWiki:Blockip
506
sysop
3050
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Block user
MediaWiki:Blockiptext
507
sysop
5949
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
Use the form below to block write access
from a specific IP address or username.
This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in
accordance with [[{{ns:project}}:Policy|policy]].
Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular
pages that were vandalized).
MediaWiki:Ipaddress
508
sysop
3979
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
IP Address
MediaWiki:Ipbreason
509
sysop
3053
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Reason
MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit
510
sysop
3054
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Block this user
MediaWiki:Badipaddress
511
sysop
3055
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Invalid IP address
MediaWiki:Noblockreason
512
sysop
3056
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
You must supply a reason for the block.
MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub
513
sysop
3057
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Block succeeded
MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext
514
sysop
5353
2006-02-26T02:09:50Z
MediaWiki default
[[{{ns:Special}}:Contributions/$1|$1]] has been blocked.
<br />See [[{{ns:Special}}:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks.
MediaWiki:Unblockip
515
sysop
3059
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Unblock user
MediaWiki:Unblockiptext
516
sysop
3060
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Use the form below to restore write access
to a previously blocked IP address or username.
MediaWiki:Ipusubmit
517
sysop
3061
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Unblock this address
MediaWiki:Ipusuccess
518
sysop
3984
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
"[[$1]]" unblocked
MediaWiki:Ipblocklist
519
sysop
3063
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
List of blocked IP addresses and usernames
MediaWiki:Blocklistline
520
sysop
4325
2005-08-19T23:42:44Z
MediaWiki default
$1, $2 blocked $3 ($4)
MediaWiki:Blocklink
521
sysop
3065
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
block
MediaWiki:Unblocklink
522
sysop
3066
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
unblock
MediaWiki:Contribslink
523
sysop
3067
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
contribs
MediaWiki:Autoblocker
524
sysop
4160
2005-07-29T11:15:41Z
MediaWiki default
Autoblocked because your IP address has been recently used by "[[User:$1|$1]]". The reason given for $1's block is: "'''$2'''"
MediaWiki:Blocklogpage
525
sysop
5950
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
Block log
MediaWiki:Blocklogentry
526
sysop
3657
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
blocked "[[$1]]" with an expiry time of $2
MediaWiki:Blocklogtext
527
sysop
3071
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically
blocked IP addresses are not listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for
the list of currently operational bans and blocks.
MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry
528
sysop
4217
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
unblocked $1
MediaWiki:Lockdb
529
sysop
3073
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Lock database
MediaWiki:Unlockdb
530
sysop
3074
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Unlock database
MediaWiki:Lockdbtext
531
sysop
3075
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Locking the database will suspend the ability of all
users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and
other things requiring changes in the database.
Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will
unlock the database when your maintenance is done.
MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext
532
sysop
3076
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all
users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and
other things requiring changes in the database.
Please confirm that this is what you intend to do.
MediaWiki:Lockconfirm
533
sysop
3077
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Yes, I really want to lock the database.
MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm
534
sysop
3078
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Yes, I really want to unlock the database.
MediaWiki:Lockbtn
535
sysop
3079
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Lock database
MediaWiki:Unlockbtn
536
sysop
3080
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Unlock database
MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm
537
sysop
3081
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
You did not check the confirmation box.
MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub
538
sysop
3082
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Database lock succeeded
MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub
539
sysop
3083
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Database lock removed
MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext
540
sysop
6500
2006-08-31T19:29:12Z
MediaWiki default
The database has been locked.
<br />Remember to [[Special:Unlockdb|remove the lock]] after your maintenance is complete.
MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext
541
sysop
3085
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
The database has been unlocked.
MediaWiki:Asksql
542
sysop
3086
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
SQL query
MediaWiki:Asksqltext
543
sysop
3087
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Use the form below to make a direct query of the
database.
Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals.
This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use
this function sparingly.
MediaWiki:Sqlislogged
544
sysop
3088
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Please note that all queries are logged.
MediaWiki:Sqlquery
545
sysop
3089
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Enter query
MediaWiki:Querybtn
546
sysop
3090
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Submit query
MediaWiki:Selectonly
547
sysop
3091
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Only read-only queries are allowed.
MediaWiki:Querysuccessful
548
sysop
3092
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Query successful
MediaWiki:Movepage
549
sysop
3093
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Move page
MediaWiki:Movepagetext
550
sysop
4002
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Using the form below will rename a page, moving all
of its history to the new name.
The old title will become a redirect page to the new title.
Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to
check for double or broken redirects.
You are responsible for making sure that links continue to
point where they are supposed to go.
Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already
a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no
past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where
it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite
an existing page.
<b>WARNING!</b>
This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page;
please be sure you understand the consequences of this before
proceeding.
MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext
551
sysop
6015
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
The associated talk page will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:'''
*A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or
*You uncheck the box below.
In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired.
MediaWiki:Movearticle
552
sysop
3096
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Move page
MediaWiki:Movenologin
553
sysop
3097
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Not logged in
MediaWiki:Movenologintext
554
sysop
4001
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
You must be a registered user and [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]]
to move a page.
MediaWiki:Newtitle
555
sysop
3099
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
To new title
MediaWiki:Movepagebtn
556
sysop
3100
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Move page
MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub
557
sysop
3101
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Move succeeded
MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext
558
sysop
3102
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]".
MediaWiki:Articleexists
559
sysop
3103
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
A page of that name already exists, or the
name you have chosen is not valid.
Please choose another name.
MediaWiki:Talkexists
560
sysop
5463
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
MediaWiki default
'''The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually.'''
MediaWiki:Movedto
561
sysop
3105
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
moved to
MediaWiki:Movetalk
562
sysop
5443
2006-03-28T06:47:01Z
MediaWiki default
Move associated talk page
MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved
563
sysop
3107
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
The corresponding talk page was also moved.
MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved
564
sysop
3108
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved.
MediaWiki:1movedto2
565
sysop
7298
2006-11-14T23:27:58Z
Parahat
8
[[$1]] sahypasy [[$2]] sahypasyna göçürildi
MediaWiki:Export
566
sysop
3110
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Export pages
MediaWiki:Exporttext
567
sysop
5970
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or
set of pages wrapped in some XML. This can be imported into another wiki using MediaWiki
via the Special:Import page.
To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and
select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page
history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit.
In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{int:mainpage}}]] for the page {{int:mainpage}}.
MediaWiki:Exportcuronly
568
sysop
3112
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Include only the current revision, not the full history
MediaWiki:Allmessages
569
sysop
4157
2005-07-29T11:15:41Z
MediaWiki default
System messages
MediaWiki:Allmessagestext
570
sysop
5942
2006-07-01T19:13:02Z
MediaWiki default
This is a list of system messages available in the MediaWiki namespace.
MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more
571
sysop
3115
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Enlarge
Template:All messages
572
3116
2004-02-22T03:46:23Z
MediaWiki default
This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace
<table border=1 width=100%><tr><td>
'''Name'''
</td><td>
'''Default text'''
</td><td>
'''Current text'''
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2]
</td><td>
$1 moved to $2
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:1movedto2}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about]
</td><td>
About
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:about}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:About
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:aboutpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia]
</td><td>
About Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:aboutwikipedia}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext]
</td><td>
The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:accmailtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle]
</td><td>
Password sent.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:accmailtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete]
</td><td>
Action complete
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:actioncomplete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch]
</td><td>
Added to watchlist
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:addedwatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext]
</td><td>
The page "$1" has been added to your <a href="/wiki/Special:Watchlist">watchlist</a>.
Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there,
and the page will appear <b>bolded</b> in the <a href="/wiki/Special:Recentchanges">list of recent changes</a> to
make it easier to pick out.</p>
<p>If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:addedwatchtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Administrators
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:administrators}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation]
</td><td>
I affirm that the copyright holder of this file
agrees to license it under the terms of the $1.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:affirmation}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all]
</td><td>
all
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:all}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages]
</td><td>
All_messages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:allmessages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext]
</td><td>
This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:allmessagestext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages]
</td><td>
All pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:allpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline]
</td><td>
$1 to $2
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:alphaindexline}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin]
</td><td>
<font color=red><b>User $1, you are already logged in!</b></font><br>
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:alreadyloggedin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled]
</td><td>
Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]]
by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the article already.
Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]).
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:alreadyrolled}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages]
</td><td>
Oldest articles
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ancientpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext]
</td><td>
---- ''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.''
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:anontalkpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists]
</td><td>
A page of that name already exists, or the
name you have chosen is not valid.
Please choose another name.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:articleexists}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage]
</td><td>
View article
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:articlepage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql]
</td><td>
SQL query
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:asksql}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext]
</td><td>
Use the form below to make a direct query of the
database.
Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals.
This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use
this function sparingly.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:asksqltext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker]
</td><td>
Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:autoblocker}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror]
</td><td>
This action cannot be performed on this page.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:badarticleerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename]
</td><td>
Image name has been changed to "$1".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:badfilename}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype]
</td><td>
".$1" is not a recommended image file format.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:badfiletype}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress]
</td><td>
No user exists by that name
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:badipaddress}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery]
</td><td>
Badly formed search query
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:badquery}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext]
</td><td>
We could not process your query.
This is probably because you have attempted to search for a
word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported.
It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for
example "fish and and scales".
Please try another query.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:badquerytext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype]
</td><td>
The passwords you entered do not match.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:badretype}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle]
</td><td>
Bad title
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:badtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext]
</td><td>
The requested page title was invalid, empty, or
an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:badtitletext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace]
</td><td>
(Main)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blanknamespace}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext]
</td><td>
Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1.
The reason given is this:<br>''$2''<p>You may contact $1 or one of the other
[[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block.
Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]].
Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make.
==Note to AOL users==
Due to continuing acts of vandalism by one particular AOL user, Wikipedia often blocks AOL proxies. Unfortunately, a single proxy server may be used by a large number of AOL users, and hence innocent AOL users are often inadvertently blocked. We apologise for any inconvenience caused.
If this happens to you, please email an administrator, using an AOL email address. Be sure to include the IP address given above.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blockedtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle]
</td><td>
User is blocked
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blockedtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip]
</td><td>
Block user
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blockip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub]
</td><td>
Block succeeded
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blockipsuccesssub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext]
</td><td>
"$1" has been blocked.
<br>See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blockipsuccesstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext]
</td><td>
Use the form below to block write access
from a specific IP address or username.
This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in
accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]].
Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular
pages that were vandalized).
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blockiptext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink]
</td><td>
block
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blocklink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline]
</td><td>
$1, $2 blocked $3
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blocklistline}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry]
</td><td>
blocked "$1"
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blocklogentry}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage]
</td><td>
Block_log
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blocklogpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext]
</td><td>
This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically
blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for
the list of currently operational bans and blocks.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:blocklogtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample]
</td><td>
Bold text
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:bold_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip]
</td><td>
Bold text
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:bold_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources]
</td><td>
Book sources
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:booksources}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext]
</td><td>
Below is a list of links to other sites that
sell new and used books, and may also have further information
about books you are looking for.
Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and
this list should not be construed as an endorsement.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:booksourcetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects]
</td><td>
Broken Redirects
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:brokenredirects}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext]
</td><td>
The following redirects link to a non-existing article.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:brokenredirectstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports]
</td><td>
Bug reports
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:bugreports}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Bug_reports
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:bugreportspage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog]
</td><td>
Bureaucrat_log
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:bureaucratlog}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry]
</td><td>
set $1: $2
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:bureaucratlogentry}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext]
</td><td>
The action you have requested can only be
performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:bureaucrattext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle]
</td><td>
Bureaucrat access required
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:bureaucrattitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate]
</td><td>
by date
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:bydate}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname]
</td><td>
by name
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:byname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize]
</td><td>
by size
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:bysize}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror]
</td><td>
The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:cachederror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel]
</td><td>
Cancel
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:cancel}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete]
</td><td>
Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:cannotdelete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback]
</td><td>
Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this article.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:cantrollback}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories]
</td><td>
Page categories
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:categories}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category]
</td><td>
category
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:category}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header]
</td><td>
Articles in category "$1"
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:category_header}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword]
</td><td>
Change password
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:changepassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes]
</td><td>
changes
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:changes}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns]
</td><td>
Columns
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:columns}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit]
</td><td>
(comment)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:commentedit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm]
</td><td>
Confirm
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:confirm}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck]
</td><td>
Yes, I really want to delete this.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:confirmcheck}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete]
</td><td>
Confirm delete
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:confirmdelete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext]
</td><td>
You are about to permanently delete a page
or image along with all of its history from the database.
Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the
consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with
[[Wikipedia:Policy]].
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:confirmdeletetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars]
</td><td>
Characters of context per line
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:contextchars}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines]
</td><td>
Lines to show per hit
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:contextlines}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink]
</td><td>
contribs
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:contribslink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub]
</td><td>
For $1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:contribsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions]
</td><td>
User contributions
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:contributions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Copyrights
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:copyrightpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename]
</td><td>
Wikipedia copyright
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:copyrightpagename}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning]
</td><td>
Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are
considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License
(see $1 for details).
If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed
at will, then don't submit it here.<br>
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a
public domain or similar free resource.
<strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong>
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:copyrightwarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove]
</td><td>
Couldn't remove item '$1'...
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:couldntremove}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount]
</td><td>
Create new account
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:createaccount}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail]
</td><td>
by eMail
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:createaccountmail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur]
</td><td>
cur
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:cur}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents]
</td><td>
Current events
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:currentevents}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev]
</td><td>
Current revision
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:currentrev}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror]
</td><td>
Database error
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:databaseerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat]
</td><td>
Date format
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:dateformat}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext]
</td><td>
A database query syntax error has occurred.
This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5),
or it may indicate a bug in the software.
The last attempted database query was:
<blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote>
from within function "<tt>$2</tt>".
MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:dberrortext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl]
</td><td>
A database query syntax error has occurred.
The last attempted database query was:
"$1"
from within function "$2".
MySQL returned error "$3: $4".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:dberrortextcl}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages]
</td><td>
Dead-end pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:deadendpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug]
</td><td>
Debug
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:debug}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns]
</td><td>
Search in these namespaces by default:
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:defaultns}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject]
</td><td>
Wikipedia e-mail
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:defemailsubject}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment]
</td><td>
Reason for deletion
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:deletecomment}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle]
</td><td>
deleted "$1"
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:deletedarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext]
</td><td>
"$1" has been deleted.
See $2 for a record of recent deletions.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:deletedtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg]
</td><td>
del
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:deleteimg}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage]
</td><td>
Delete page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:deletepage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub]
</td><td>
(Deleting "$1")
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:deletesub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage]
</td><td>
Delete this page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:deletethispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog]
</td><td>
deletion log
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:deletionlog}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage]
</td><td>
Deletion_log
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:dellogpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext]
</td><td>
Below is a list of the most recent deletions.
All times shown are server time (UTC).
<ul>
</ul>
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:dellogpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading]
</td><td>
For developer use only
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:developerspheading}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext]
</td><td>
The action you have requested can only be
performed by users with "developer" status.
See $1.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:developertext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle]
</td><td>
Developer access required
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:developertitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff]
</td><td>
diff
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:diff}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference]
</td><td>
(Difference between revisions)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:difference}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations]
</td><td>
Disambiguation pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:disambiguations}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:disambiguationspage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext]
</td><td>
The following articles link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br>A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.<br>Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:disambiguationstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:General_disclaimer
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:disclaimerpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers]
</td><td>
Disclaimers
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:disclaimers}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects]
</td><td>
Double Redirects
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:doubleredirects}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext]
</td><td>
<b>Attention:</b> This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.<br>
Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" taget article, which the first redirect should point to.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:doubleredirectstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment]
</td><td>
The edit comment was: "<i>$1</i>".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:editcomment}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict]
</td><td>
Edit conflict: $1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:editconflict}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent]
</td><td>
Edit the current version of this page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:editcurrent}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp]
</td><td>
Editing help
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:edithelp}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:How_does_one_edit_a_page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:edithelppage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing]
</td><td>
Editing $1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:editing}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold]
</td><td>
<strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date
revision of this page.
If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong>
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:editingold}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection]
</td><td>
edit
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:editsection}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage]
</td><td>
Edit this page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:editthispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag]
</td><td>
Disable e-mail from other users
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailflag}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost]
</td><td>
* Entering an email address is optional. But it enables people to
contact you through the website without you having to reveal your
email address to them, and it also helps you if you forget your
password.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailforlost}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom]
</td><td>
From
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailfrom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage]
</td><td>
Message
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailmessage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage]
</td><td>
E-mail user
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext]
</td><td>
If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in
his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message.
The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear
as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able
to reply.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend]
</td><td>
Send
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailsend}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent]
</td><td>
E-mail sent
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailsent}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext]
</td><td>
Your e-mail message has been sent.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailsenttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject]
</td><td>
Subject
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailsubject}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto]
</td><td>
To
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailto}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser]
</td><td>
E-mail this user
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:emailuser}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason]
</td><td>
Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate
of when the lock will be released
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:enterlockreason}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error]
</td><td>
Error
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:error}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle]
</td><td>
Error
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:errorpagetitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank]
</td><td>
content before blanking was:
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:exbeforeblank}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank]
</td><td>
page was empty
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:exblank}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent]
</td><td>
content was:
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:excontent}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict]
</td><td>
Someone else has changed this page since you
started editing it.
The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists.
Your changes are shown in the lower text area.
You will have to merge your changes into the existing text.
<b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you
press "Save page".
<p>
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:explainconflict}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export]
</td><td>
Export pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:export}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly]
</td><td>
Include only the current revision, not the full history
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:exportcuronly}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext]
</td><td>
You can export the text and editing history of a particular
page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another
wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private
amusement.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:exporttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample]
</td><td>
http://www.example.com link title
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:extlink_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip]
</td><td>
External link (remember http:// prefix)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:extlink_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq]
</td><td>
FAQ
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:faq}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:FAQ
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:faqpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror]
</td><td>
Could not copy file "$1" to "$2".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:filecopyerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror]
</td><td>
Could not delete file "$1".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:filedeleteerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc]
</td><td>
Summary
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:filedesc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename]
</td><td>
Filename
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:filename}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound]
</td><td>
Could not find file "$1".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:filenotfound}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror]
</td><td>
Could not rename file "$1" to "$2".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:filerenameerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource]
</td><td>
Source
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:filesource}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus]
</td><td>
Copyright status
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:filestatus}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded]
</td><td>
File "$1" uploaded successfully.
Please follow this link: ($2) to the description page and fill
in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was
created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:fileuploaded}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror]
</td><td>
Error: could not submit form
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:formerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia]
</td><td>
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:fromwikipedia}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist]
</td><td>
fetching image list
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:getimagelist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Gnunote&action=edit gnunote]
</td><td>
All text is available under the terms of the <a class=internal href='/wiki/GNU_FDL'>GNU Free Documentation License</a>.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:gnunote}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go]
</td><td>
Go
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:go}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch]
</td><td>
<!-- SiteSearch Google -->
<FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search">
<TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td>
<A HREF="http://www.google.com/">
<IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif"
border="0" ALT="Google"></A>
</td>
<td>
<INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1">
<INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search">
<font size=-1>
<input type=hidden name=domains value="http://tk.wikipedia.org"><br><input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="http://tk.wikipedia.org" checked> http://tk.wikipedia.org <br>
<input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'>
<input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'>
</font>
</td></tr></TABLE>
</FORM>
<!-- SiteSearch Google -->
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:googlesearch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone]
</td><td>
Fill in from browser
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:guesstimezone}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample]
</td><td>
Headline text
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:headline_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip]
</td><td>
Level 2 headline
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:headline_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help]
</td><td>
Help
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:help}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Help
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:helppage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide]
</td><td>
hide
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:hide}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc]
</td><td>
hide
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:hidetoc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist]
</td><td>
hist
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:hist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend]
</td><td>
Legend: (cur) = difference with current version,
(last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:histlegend}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history]
</td><td>
Page history
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:history}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning]
</td><td>
Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history:
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:historywarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip]
</td><td>
Horizontal line (use sparingly)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:hr_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning]
</td><td>
Ignore warning and save file anyway.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ignorewarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch]
</td><td>
Show all images with names matching
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ilshowmatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit]
</td><td>
Search
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ilsubmit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample]
</td><td>
Example.jpg
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:image_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip]
</td><td>
Embedded image
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:image_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks]
</td><td>
Image links
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:imagelinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist]
</td><td>
Image list
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:imagelist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext]
</td><td>
Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:imagelisttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage]
</td><td>
View image page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:imagepage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted]
</td><td>
Revert to earlier version was successful.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:imagereverted}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete]
</td><td>
del
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:imgdelete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc]
</td><td>
desc
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:imgdesc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend]
</td><td>
Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete
this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
<br><i>Click on date to see image uploaded on that date</i>.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:imghistlegend}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory]
</td><td>
Image history
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:imghistory}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend]
</td><td>
Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:imglegend}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox]
</td><td>
Click a button to get an example text
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:infobox}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror]
</td><td>
Internal error
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:internalerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl]
</td><td>
Interlanguage links
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:intl}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid]
</td><td>
Invalid IP range.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ip_range_invalid}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress]
</td><td>
IP Address/username
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ipaddress}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid]
</td><td>
Expiry time invalid.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ipb_expiry_invalid}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry]
</td><td>
Expiry
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ipbexpiry}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist]
</td><td>
List of blocked IP addresses and usernames
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ipblocklist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason]
</td><td>
Reason
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ipbreason}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit]
</td><td>
Block this user
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ipbsubmit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit]
</td><td>
Unblock this address
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ipusubmit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess]
</td><td>
"$1" unblocked
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ipusuccess}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect]
</td><td>
redirect page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:isredirect}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample]
</td><td>
Italic text
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:italic_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip]
</td><td>
Italic text
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:italic_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname]
</td><td>
Problem with item '$1', invalid name...
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:iteminvalidname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile]
</td><td>
It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:largefile}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last]
</td><td>
last
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:last}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified]
</td><td>
This page was last modified $1.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:lastmodified}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno]
</td><td>
Line $1:
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:lineno}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample]
</td><td>
Link title
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:link_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip]
</td><td>
Internal link
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:link_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub]
</td><td>
(List of links)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:linklistsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere]
</td><td>
The following pages link to here:
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:linkshere}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage]
</td><td>
The following pages link to this image:
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:linkstoimage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail]
</td><td>
/^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:linktrail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform]
</td><td>
list
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:listform}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers]
</td><td>
User list
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:listusers}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist]
</td><td>
Loading page history
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:loadhist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev]
</td><td>
loading revision for diff
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:loadingrev}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime]
</td><td>
Local time display
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:localtime}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn]
</td><td>
Lock database
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:lockbtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm]
</td><td>
Yes, I really want to lock the database.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:lockconfirm}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb]
</td><td>
Lock database
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:lockdb}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub]
</td><td>
Database lock succeeded
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesssub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext]
</td><td>
The database has been locked.
<br>Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext]
</td><td>
Locking the database will suspend the ability of all
users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and
other things requiring changes in the database.
Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will
unlock the database when your maintenance is done.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:lockdbtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm]
</td><td>
You did not check the confirmation box.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:locknoconfirm}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login]
</td><td>
Log in
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:login}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend]
</td><td>
&lt;loginend&gt;
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:loginend}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror]
</td><td>
Login error
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:loginerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle]
</td><td>
User login
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:loginpagetitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem]
</td><td>
<b>There has been a problem with your login.</b><br>Try again!
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:loginproblem}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt]
</td><td>
You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:loginprompt}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess]
</td><td>
You are now logged in to Wikipedia as "$1".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:loginsuccess}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle]
</td><td>
Login successful
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:loginsuccesstitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout]
</td><td>
Log out
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:logout}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext]
</td><td>
You are now logged out.
You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in
again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may
continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear
your browser cache
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:logouttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle]
</td><td>
User logout
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:logouttitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages]
</td><td>
Orphaned pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:lonelypages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages]
</td><td>
Long pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:longpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning]
</td><td>
WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some
browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb.
Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:longpagewarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword]
</td><td>
Mail me a new password
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mailmypassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin]
</td><td>
No send address
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mailnologin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext]
</td><td>
You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a>
and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a>
to send e-mail to other users.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mailnologintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage]
</td><td>
Main Page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mainpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext]
</td><td>
Wiki software successfully installed.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mainpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance]
</td><td>
Maintenance page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:maintenance}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink]
</td><td>
Back to Maintenance Page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:maintenancebacklink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext]
</td><td>
This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:maintnancepagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail]
</td><td>
<b>User '$1' could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b>
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:makesysopfail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname]
</td><td>
Name of the user:
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:makesysopname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok]
</td><td>
<b>User '$1' is now a sysop</b>
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:makesysopok}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit]
</td><td>
Make this user into a sysop
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:makesysopsubmit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext]
</td><td>
This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators.
Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:makesysoptext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle]
</td><td>
Make a user into a sysop
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:makesysoptitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals]
</td><td>
The query "$1" matched $2 article titles
and the text of $3 articles.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:matchtotals}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math]
</td><td>
Rendering math
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:math}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure]
</td><td>
Failed to parse
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:math_failure}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error]
</td><td>
PNG conversion failed
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:math_image_error}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error]
</td><td>
lexing error
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:math_lexing_error}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample]
</td><td>
Insert formula here
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:math_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error]
</td><td>
syntax error
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:math_syntax_error}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip]
</td><td>
Mathematical formula (LaTeX)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:math_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error]
</td><td>
unknown error
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:math_unknown_error}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function]
</td><td>
unknown function
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:math_unknown_function}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample]
</td><td>
Example.mp3
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:media_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip]
</td><td>
Media file link
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:media_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength]
</td><td>
Image names must be at least three letters.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:minlength}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit]
</td><td>
This is a minor edit
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:minoredit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter]
</td><td>
M
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:minoreditletter}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings]
</td><td>
Pages with misspellings
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mispeelings}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage]
</td><td>
List of common misspellings
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mispeelingspage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext]
</td><td>
The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this).
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mispeelingstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle]
</td><td>
The database did not find the text of a page
that it should have found, named "$1".
<p>This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a
page that has been deleted.
<p>If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software.
Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:missingarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks]
</td><td>
Missing Language Links
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton]
</td><td>
Find missing language links for
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinksbutton}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext]
</td><td>
These articles do <i>not</i> link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are <i>not</i> shown.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinkstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot]
</td><td>
More...
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:moredotdotdot}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle]
</td><td>
Move page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:movearticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto]
</td><td>
moved to
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:movedto}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin]
</td><td>
Not logged in
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:movenologin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext]
</td><td>
You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a>
to move a page.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:movenologintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage]
</td><td>
Move page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:movepage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn]
</td><td>
Move page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:movepagebtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext]
</td><td>
The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:'''
*You are moving the page across namespaces,
*A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or
*You uncheck the box below.
In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:movepagetalktext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext]
</td><td>
Using the form below will rename a page, moving all
of its history to the new name.
The old title will become a redirect page to the new title.
Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to
[[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects.
You are responsible for making sure that links continue to
point where they are supposed to go.
Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already
a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no
past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where
it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite
an existing page.
<b>WARNING!</b>
This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page;
please be sure you understand the consequences of this before
proceeding.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:movepagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk]
</td><td>
Move "talk" page as well, if applicable.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:movetalk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage]
</td><td>
Move this page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:movethispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris]
</td><td>
My contributions
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mycontris}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage]
</td><td>
My page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mypage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk]
</td><td>
My talk
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:mytalk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes]
</td><td>
$1 bytes
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nbytes}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges]
</td><td>
$1 changes
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nchanges}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle]
</td><td>
(New)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:newarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext]
</td><td>
You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet.
To create the page, start typing in the box below
(see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info).
If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:newarticletext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages]
</td><td>
You have $1.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:newmessages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink]
</td><td>
new messages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:newmessageslink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage]
</td><td>
New page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:newpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter]
</td><td>
N
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:newpageletter}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages]
</td><td>
New pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:newpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword]
</td><td>
New password
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:newpassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle]
</td><td>
To new title
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:newtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly]
</td><td>
(new users only)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:newusersonly}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next]
</td><td>
next
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:next}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn]
</td><td>
next $1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nextn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks]
</td><td>
$1 links
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nlinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation]
</td><td>
You must affirm that your upload does not violate
any copyrights.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:noaffirmation}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext]
</td><td>
(There is currently no text in this page)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:noarticletext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason]
</td><td>
You must supply a reason for the block.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:noblockreason}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect]
</td><td>
Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:noconnect}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs]
</td><td>
No changes were found matching these criteria.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nocontribs}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin]
</td><td>
Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nocookieslogin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew]
</td><td>
The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nocookiesnew}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb]
</td><td>
Could not select database $1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nodb}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail]
</td><td>
There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:noemail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext]
</td><td>
This user has not specified a valid e-mail address,
or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:noemailtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle]
</td><td>
No e-mail address
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:noemailtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch]
</td><td>
No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nogomatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory]
</td><td>
There is no edit history for this page.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nohistory}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere]
</td><td>
No pages link to here.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nolinkshere}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage]
</td><td>
There are no pages that link to this image.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nolinkstoimage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname]
</td><td>
You have not specified a valid user name.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:noname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound]
</td><td>
<strong>Note</strong>: unsuccessful searches are
often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from",
which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages
containing all of the search terms will appear in the result).
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nonefound}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext]
</td><td>
You have requested a special page that is not
recognized by the wiki.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nospecialpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction]
</td><td>
No such action
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nosuchaction}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext]
</td><td>
The action specified by the URL is not
recognized by the wiki
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nosuchactiontext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage]
</td><td>
No such special page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nosuchspecialpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser]
</td><td>
There is no user by the name "$1".
Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nosuchuser}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle]
</td><td>
Not an article
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:notanarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext]
</td><td>
You have not specified a target page or user
to perform this function on.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:notargettext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle]
</td><td>
No target
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:notargettitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note]
</td><td>
<strong>Note:</strong>
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:note}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches]
</td><td>
No article text matches
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:notextmatches}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches]
</td><td>
No article title matches
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:notitlematches}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin]
</td><td>
Not logged in
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:notloggedin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist]
</td><td>
You have no items on your watchlist.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nowatchlist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample]
</td><td>
Insert non-formatted text here
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nowiki_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip]
</td><td>
Ignore wiki formatting
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nowiki_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews]
</td><td>
$1 views
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:nviews}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok]
</td><td>
OK
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ok}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword]
</td><td>
Old password
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:oldpassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig]
</td><td>
orig
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:orig}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans]
</td><td>
Orphaned pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:orphans}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages]
</td><td>
Other languages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:otherlanguages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub]
</td><td>
Move succeeded
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:pagemovedsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext]
</td><td>
Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:pagemovedtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext]
</td><td>
Someone (probably you, from IP address $1)
requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password.
The password for user "$2" is now "$3".
You should log in and change your password now.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:passwordremindertext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle]
</td><td>
Password reminder from Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:passwordremindertitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent]
</td><td>
A new password has been sent to the e-mail address
registered for "$1".
Please log in again after you receive it.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:passwordsent}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled]
</td><td>
Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled
because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use
the wiki.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:perfdisabled}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub]
</td><td>
Here's a saved copy from $1:
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:perfdisabledsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages]
</td><td>
Popular pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:popularpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment]
</td><td>
Post a comment
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:postcomment}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch]
</td><td>
Search
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:powersearch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext]
</td><td>
Search in namespaces :<br>
$1<br>
$2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:powersearchtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences]
</td><td>
Preferences
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:preferences}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext]
</td><td>
You are logged in as "$1".
Your internal ID number is $2.
See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:prefslogintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin]
</td><td>
Not logged in
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:prefsnologin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext]
</td><td>
You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a>
to set user preferences.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:prefsnologintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset]
</td><td>
Preferences have been reset from storage.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:prefsreset}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview]
</td><td>
Preview
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:preview}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict]
</td><td>
This preview reflects the text in the upper
text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:previewconflict}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote]
</td><td>
Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved!
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:previewnote}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn]
</td><td>
previous $1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:prevn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion]
</td><td>
Printable version
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:printableversion}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle]
</td><td>
(From http://www.wikipedia.org)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:printsubtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle]
</td><td>
protected [[$1]]
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:protectedarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage]
</td><td>
Protected page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:protectedpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning]
</td><td>
WARNING: This page has been locked so that only
users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the
<a href='/wiki/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page
guidelines</a>.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:protectedpagewarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext]
</td><td>
This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are
a number of reasons why this may be so, please see
[[Wikipedia:Protected page]].
You can view and copy the source of this page:
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:protectedtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage]
</td><td>
Protection_log
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:protectlogpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext]
</td><td>
Below is a list of page locks/unlocks.
See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:protectlogtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage]
</td><td>
Protect page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:protectpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage]
</td><td>
Protect this page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:protectthispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse]
</td><td>
Browse
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:qbbrowse}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit]
</td><td>
Edit
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:qbedit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind]
</td><td>
Find
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:qbfind}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions]
</td><td>
My pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:qbmyoptions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo]
</td><td>
Context
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:qbpageinfo}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions]
</td><td>
This page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:qbpageoptions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings]
</td><td>
Quickbar settings
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:qbsettings}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages]
</td><td>
Special pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:qbspecialpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn]
</td><td>
Submit query
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:querybtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful]
</td><td>
Query successful
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:querysuccessful}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage]
</td><td>
Random page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:randompage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled]
</td><td>
The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:range_block_disabled}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide]
</td><td>
in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rchide}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks]
</td><td>
Show last $1 changes in last $2 days; $3
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rclinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom]
</td><td>
Show new changes starting from $1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rclistfrom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu]
</td><td>
; $1 edits from logged in users
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rcliu}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr]
</td><td>
Loading recent changes
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rcloaderr}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub]
</td><td>
(to pages linked from "$1")
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rclsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote]
</td><td>
Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in last <strong>$2</strong> days.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rcnote}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom]
</td><td>
Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown).
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rcnotefrom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly]
</td><td>
Database locked
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:readonly}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext]
</td><td>
The database is currently locked to new
entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance,
after which it will be back to normal.
The administrator who locked it offered this explanation:
<p>$1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:readonlytext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning]
</td><td>
WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance,
so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste
the text into a text file and save it for later.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:readonlywarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges]
</td><td>
Recent changes
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:recentchanges}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount]
</td><td>
Number of titles in recent changes
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:recentchangescount}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked]
</td><td>
Related changes
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:recentchangeslinked}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext]
</td><td>
Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:recentchangestext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom]
</td><td>
(Redirected from $1)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:redirectedfrom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword]
</td><td>
Remember my password across sessions.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:remembermypassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked]
</td><td>
Remove checked items from watchlist
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:removechecked}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch]
</td><td>
Removed from watchlist
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:removedwatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext]
</td><td>
The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:removedwatchtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked]
</td><td>
Removing requested items from watchlist...
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:removingchecked}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs]
</td><td>
Reset preferences
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:resetprefs}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink]
</td><td>
$1 deleted edits
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:restorelink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage]
</td><td>
Hits to show per page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:resultsperpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom]
</td><td>
Retrieved from "$1"
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:retrievedfrom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto]
</td><td>
Return to $1.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:returnto}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew]
</td><td>
Retype new password
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:retypenew}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload]
</td><td>
Re-upload
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:reupload}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc]
</td><td>
Return to the upload form.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:reuploaddesc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted]
</td><td>
Reverted to earlier revision
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:reverted}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg]
</td><td>
rev
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:revertimg}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage]
</td><td>
Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:revertpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory]
</td><td>
Revision history
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:revhistory}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof]
</td><td>
Revision as of $1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:revisionasof}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound]
</td><td>
Revision not found
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:revnotfound}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext]
</td><td>
The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found.
Please check the URL you used to access this page.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:revnotfoundtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback]
</td><td>
Roll back edits
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rollback}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed]
</td><td>
Rollback failed
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rollbackfailed}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink]
</td><td>
rollback
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rollbacklink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows]
</td><td>
Rows
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:rows}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle]
</td><td>
Save page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:savearticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs]
</td><td>
Your preferences have been saved.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:savedprefs}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile]
</td><td>
Save file
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:savefile}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs]
</td><td>
Save preferences
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:saveprefs}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search]
</td><td>
Search
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:search}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled]
</td><td>
<p>Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.</p>
<!-- SiteSearch Google -->
<FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search">
<TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td>
<A HREF="http://www.google.com/">
<IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif"
border="0" ALT="Google"></A>
</td>
<td>
<INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1">
<INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search">
<font size=-1>
<input type=hidden name=domains value="http://tk.wikipedia.org"><br><input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="http://tk.wikipedia.org" checked> http://tk.wikipedia.org <br>
<input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'>
<input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'>
</font>
</td></tr></TABLE>
</FORM>
<!-- SiteSearch Google -->
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:searchdisabled}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Searching
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:searchhelppage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia]
</td><td>
Searching Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:searchingwikipedia}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery]
</td><td>
For query "$1"
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:searchquery}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults]
</td><td>
Search results
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:searchresults}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead]
</td><td>
Search result settings
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:searchresultshead}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext]
</td><td>
For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:searchresulttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit]
</td><td>
(section)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sectionedit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly]
</td><td>
Only read-only queries are allowed.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:selectonly}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks]
</td><td>
Pages with Self Links
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:selflinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext]
</td><td>
The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:selflinkstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime]
</td><td>
Server time is now
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:servertime}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag]
</td><td>
Set bureaucrat flag
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:setbureaucratflag}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages]
</td><td>
Short pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:shortpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show]
</td><td>
show
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:show}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor]
</td><td>
$1 minor edits
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:showhideminor}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults]
</td><td>
Showing below <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:showingresults}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum]
</td><td>
Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:showingresultsnum}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast]
</td><td>
Show last $1 images sorted $2.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:showlast}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview]
</td><td>
Show preview
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:showpreview}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc]
</td><td>
show
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:showtoc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip]
</td><td>
Your signature with timestamp
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sig_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats]
</td><td>
Site statistics
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sitestats}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext]
</td><td>
There are <b>$1</b> total pages in the database.
This includes "talk" pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal "stub"
pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as articles.
Excluding those, there are <b>$2</b> pages that are probably legitimate
articles.<p>
There have been a total of <b>$3</b> page views, and <b>$4</b> page edits
since the software was upgraded (July 20, 2002).
That comes to <b>$5</b> average edits per page, and <b>$6</b> views per edit.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sitestatstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle]
</td><td>
The Free Encyclopedia
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sitesubtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport]
</td><td>
Donations
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sitesupport}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage&action=edit sitesupportpage]
</td><td>
&lt;sitesupportpage&gt;
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sitesupportpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle]
</td><td>
Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sitetitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin]
</td><td>
Skin
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:skin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages]
</td><td>
Special pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:specialpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading]
</td><td>
Special pages for all users
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:spheading}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged]
</td><td>
Please note that all queries are logged.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sqlislogged}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery]
</td><td>
Enter query
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sqlquery}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics]
</td><td>
Statistics
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:statistics}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion]
</td><td>
Stored version
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:storedversion}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold]
</td><td>
Threshold for stub display
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:stubthreshold}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories]
</td><td>
Subcategories
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:subcategories}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject]
</td><td>
Subject/headline
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:subject}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage]
</td><td>
View subject
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:subjectpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload]
</td><td>
Successful upload
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:successfulupload}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary]
</td><td>
Summary
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:summary}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading]
</td><td>
For sysop use only
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sysopspheading}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext]
</td><td>
The action you have requested can only be
performed by users with "sysop" status.
See $1.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sysoptext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle]
</td><td>
Sysop access required
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:sysoptitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform]
</td><td>
table
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:tableform}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists]
</td><td>
The page itself was moved successfully, but the
talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new
title. Please merge them manually.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:talkexists}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage]
</td><td>
Discuss this page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:talkpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved]
</td><td>
The corresponding talk page was also moved.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:talkpagemoved}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved]
</td><td>
The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:talkpagenotmoved}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize]
</td><td>
Textbox dimensions
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:textboxsize}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches]
</td><td>
Article text matches
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:textmatches}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted]
</td><td>
View or restore $1?
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:thisisdeleted}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more]
</td><td>
Enlarge
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:thumbnail-more}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset]
</td><td>
Offset
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:timezoneoffset}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext]
</td><td>
Enter number of hours your local time differs
from server time (UTC).
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:timezonetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches]
</td><td>
Article title matches
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:titlematches}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc]
</td><td>
Table of contents
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:toc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks]
</td><td>
View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uclinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote]
</td><td>
Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:ucnote}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop]
</td><td>
(top)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uctop}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip]
</td><td>
Unblock user
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unblockip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext]
</td><td>
Use the form below to restore write access
to a previously blocked IP address or username.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unblockiptext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink]
</td><td>
unblock
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unblocklink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry]
</td><td>
unblocked "$1"
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unblocklogentry}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete]
</td><td>
Restore deleted page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:undelete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle]
</td><td>
Restore deleted article
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:undeletearticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn]
</td><td>
Restore!
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:undeletebtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle]
</td><td>
restored "$1"
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:undeletedarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext]
</td><td>
The article [[$1]] has been successfully restored.
See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:undeletedtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory]
</td><td>
If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history.
If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored
revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page
will not be automatically replaced.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:undeletehistory}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage]
</td><td>
View and restore deleted pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:undeletepage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext]
</td><td>
The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and
can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:undeletepagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision]
</td><td>
Deleted revision as of $1
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:undeleterevision}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions]
</td><td>
$1 revisions archived
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:undeleterevisions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected]
</td><td>
Unexpected value: "$1"="$2".
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unexpected}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn]
</td><td>
Unlock database
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unlockbtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm]
</td><td>
Yes, I really want to unlock the database.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unlockconfirm}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb]
</td><td>
Unlock database
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unlockdb}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub]
</td><td>
Database lock removed
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesssub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext]
</td><td>
The database has been unlocked.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext]
</td><td>
Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all
users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and
other things requiring changes in the database.
Please confirm that this is what you intend to do.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unlockdbtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle]
</td><td>
unprotected [[$1]]
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unprotectedarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage]
</td><td>
Unprotect this page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unprotectthispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages]
</td><td>
Unused images
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unusedimages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext]
</td><td>
<p>Please note that other web sites
such as the international Wikipedias may link to an image with
a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being
in active use.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unusedimagestext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage]
</td><td>
Stop watching
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:unwatchthispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated]
</td><td>
(Updated)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:updated}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload]
</td><td>
Upload file
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:upload}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn]
</td><td>
Upload file
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadbtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled]
</td><td>
Sorry, uploading is disabled.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploaddisabled}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles]
</td><td>
Uploaded files
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadedfiles}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage]
</td><td>
uploaded "$1"
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadedimage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror]
</td><td>
Upload error
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploaderror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile]
</td><td>
Upload images, sounds, documents etc.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadfile}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink]
</td><td>
Upload images
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadlink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog]
</td><td>
upload log
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadlog}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage]
</td><td>
Upload_log
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadlogpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext]
</td><td>
Below is a list of the most recent file uploads.
All times shown are server time (UTC).
<ul>
</ul>
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadlogpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin]
</td><td>
Not logged in
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadnologin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext]
</td><td>
You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a>
to upload files.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadnologintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext]
</td><td>
<strong>STOP!</strong> Before you upload here,
make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>.
<p>If a file with the name you are specifying already
exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning.
So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea
to first check if such a file exists.
<p>To view or search previously uploaded images,
go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>.
Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>.
<p>Use the form below to upload new image files for use in
illustrating your articles.
On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will
bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog.
Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text
field next to the button.
You must also check the box affirming that you are not
violating any copyrights by uploading the file.
Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload.
This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection.
<p>The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG
for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds.
Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion.
To include the image in an article, use a link in the form
<b>[[image:file.jpg]]</b> or <b>[[image:file.png|alt text]]</b>
or <b>[[media:file.ogg]]</b> for sounds.
<p>Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or
delete your uploads if they think it serves the encyclopedia, and
you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning]
</td><td>
Upload warning
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:uploadwarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists]
</td><td>
The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:userexists}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin]
</td><td>
Log in
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:userlogin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout]
</td><td>
Log out
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:userlogout}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage]
</td><td>
View user page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:userpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats]
</td><td>
User statistics
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:userstats}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext]
</td><td>
There are <b>$1</b> registered users.
<b>$2</b> of these are administrators (see $3).
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:userstatstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version]
</td><td>
Version
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:version}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount]
</td><td>
This page has been accessed $1 times.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:viewcount}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext]
</td><td>
View ($1) ($2) ($3).
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:viewprevnext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource]
</td><td>
View source
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:viewsource}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage]
</td><td>
View discussion
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:viewtalkpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages]
</td><td>
Wanted pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:wantedpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails]
</td><td>
($1 pages watched not counting talk pages;
$2 total pages edited since cutoff;
$3...
<a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchdetails}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist]
</td><td>
Here's an alphabetical list of your
watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove
from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button
at the bottom of the screen.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watcheditlist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist]
</td><td>
My watchlist
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchlist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains]
</td><td>
Your watchlist contains $1 pages.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchlistcontains}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub]
</td><td>
(for user "$1")
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchlistsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list]
</td><td>
checking watched pages for recent edits
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchmethod-list}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent]
</td><td>
checking recent edits for watched pages
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchmethod-recent}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange]
</td><td>
None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchnochange}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin]
</td><td>
Not logged in
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchnologin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext]
</td><td>
You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a>
to modify your watchlist.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchnologintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis]
</td><td>
Watch this article
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchthis}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage]
</td><td>
Watch this page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:watchthispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation]
</td><td>
<h2>Welcome, $1!</h2><p>Your account has been created.
Don't forget to personalize your wikipedia preferences.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:welcomecreation}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere]
</td><td>
What links here
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:whatlinkshere}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext]
</td><td>
To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:whitelistacctext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle]
</td><td>
You are not allowed to create an account
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:whitelistacctitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext]
</td><td>
You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit articles.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:whitelistedittext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle]
</td><td>
Login required to edit
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:whitelistedittitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext]
</td><td>
You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read articles.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:whitelistreadtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle]
</td><td>
Login required to read
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:whitelistreadtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage]
</td><td>
View meta page
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:wikipediapage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix]
</td><td>
Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:wikititlesuffix}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote]
</td><td>
Below are the last $1 changes in the last <b>$2</b> hours.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:wlnote}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved]
</td><td>
This is a saved version of your watchlist.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:wlsaved}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast]
</td><td>
Show last $1 hours $2 days $3
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:wlshowlast}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params]
</td><td>
Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br>
Function: $1<br>
Query: $2
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:wrong_wfQuery_params}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword]
</td><td>
The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again.
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:wrongpassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff]
</td><td>
Differences
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:yourdiff}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail]
</td><td>
Your e-mail*
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:youremail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname]
</td><td>
Your user name
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:yourname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick]
</td><td>
Your nickname (for signatures)
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:yournick}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword]
</td><td>
Your password
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:yourpassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain]
</td><td>
Retype password
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:yourpasswordagain}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext]
</td><td>
Your text
</td><td>
{{MSGNW:yourtext}}
</td></tr></table>
Baş Sahypa
573
8186
2006-12-11T15:31:28Z
Brigadir
132
<table width="100%" >
<tr>
<td bgcolor="red"> </td>
</tr>
<td bgcolor="yellow" align="center">
<b>
Türkmen wikipediýasynda býurokratlyk saýlawy geçirilýär. Sesiňizi bermek ýa-da saýlanjak agza bolmak üçin: [[Wikipedia:Býurokrat saýlawy]] sahypasyna garaşýarys.
</b>
</td>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="red"> </td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
{{Baş sahypa başy}}
<table width="100%">
<tr>
<td valign=top>
<table height="100%" width="100%" cellpadding=5>
<tr>
<td valign=top>
<big><b><font color="green">
Köňüller, ýürekler bir bolup başlar,<br>
Tartsa ýygyn, erär topraklar, daşlar,<br>
Bir suprada taýýar kylynsa aşlar,<br>
Göteriler ol ykbaly, türkmeniň.
</font></b></big><br>
[[Magtymguly]]
[[Image:Turkmenistan coa.gif|100px|thumb|left|Türkmenistanyň gerbi]]
[[Image:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|145px|thumb|left|Türkmenistanyň baýdagy]]
[[Image:Hajymelik.jpg|145px|thumb|left|TARYHA SER SALSAŇ: Baýramalydan Hajymeligiň Tamdyry]]
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td valign=top bgcolor="fff3f3" height="100%">'''Gyssagly Maglumatlar'''<br>
[[Türkmenistan telefon kodlary]]<br>
[http://www.tourism-sport.gov.tm/guide/avia_table/index.html Türkmenhowaýollary uçuş tertibi]<br>
[http://sozluk.parahat.com/ Sözlük]<br>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td valign=top bgcolor="fff3f3" height="100%">'''Buny bilmek gyzykly'''<br>
[[Magtymguly|Magtymgulyny tanalyň]]<br>
[[Türkmen milli oýunlary]]<br>
[[Şirin-şeker datly gawun]]<br>
[[Türkmenlerde wagt aňladylyşy]]
</td></tr>
</table>
</td>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC">
<!--{{Template:Reyting}}-->
<div style="clear:left; text-align: left; float: left; padding: .4em .9em .9em"> <br>'''[[Türkmenistan]]'''<br>
*[[Türkmenistanyň gimni]]
'''Administratiw maglumatlar'''
*[[Welaýatlar]]
*[[Etraplar]]
*[[Şäherler]]
'''[[Edebiýat]] we [[Sungat]]'''
*[[Ýazyjylar we şahyrlar]]
*[[Kompozitorlar]]
*[[Sazandalar]]
*[[Heýkeltraşlar]]
*[[Suratkeşler]]
*[[Bagşylar we Aýdymçylar]]
'''[[Tebigat]]'''
*[[Deňiz we derýalar]]
*[[Daglar]]
*[[Goraghanalar]]
*[[Türkmen]]<br>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
{{Baş sahypa kategori}}
<table width="100%" >
<tr>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"> </td>
</tr>
<td bgcolor="fff3f3" align="center">
<b>
'''Dogan Taslamalar'''
<small> [http://tk.wiktionary.org WikiSözlük] | [http://tk.wikiquote.org WikiQuote] | [http://tk.wikibooks.org WikiKitap] </small>
</div>
</b>
</td>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="FFF8DC"> </td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
{{Türk-Wikipediýa}}
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MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog
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216.40.225.75
<ol start=1><li><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class='internal' title ="Main Page">Main Page</a></li>
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66.196.90.26
<ol start=1><li><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=GNU_Free_Documentation_License&action=edit" class='new' title ="GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a> (<a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=GNU_Free_Documentation_License" class='internal' title ="Special:Whatlinkshere">2 links</a>)</li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Hukuk" class='internal' title ="Hukuk">Hukuk</a> (54 bytes)</li>
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Hukuk
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193.6.218.9
Wikipedia:General disclaimer
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2004-04-23T12:21:15Z
Angela
3
remove spam
'''General disclaimer''' - [[Wikipedia:Risk disclaimer|Use Wikipedia at your own risk!]] - [[Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give medical advice]] - [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give legal opinions]] - [[Wikipedia:Content disclaimer|Wikipedia contains spoilers and content you may find objectionable]]
<center><font face="Arial" size="+2"><b>
W<small>IKIPEDIA</small> M<small>AKES</small> N<small>O</small> G<small>UARANTEE</small> O<small>F</small> V<small>ALIDITY</small>
</b></font></center>
'''Wikipedia''' is an online open-content encyclopedia, that is, a voluntary association of individuals and groups who are developing a common resource of human knowledge. Its structure allows any individual with an Internet connection and World Wide Web browser to alter the content found here. Therefore, please be advised that nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by professionals who are knowledgeable in the particular areas of expertise necessary to provide you with complete, accurate or reliable information about any subject in ''Wikipedia''.
That's not to say that you won't find much valuable and accurate information at ''Wikipedia'', however please be advised that '''''Wikipedia'' CANNOT guarantee, in any way whatsoever, the validity of the information found here.''' It may recently have been changed, vandalized or altered by someone whose opinion does not correspond with the state of knowledge in the particular area you are interested in learning about. We are working on ways to select and approve more trustable versions of articles, but still without warranty. The closest thing to this that currently exists is the [[Wikipedia:Featured articles]] process, but even the articles listed there may have been mercilessly edited shortly before you view them.
::'''None of the authors, contributors, sponsors, administrators, sysops, or anyone else connected with ''Wikipedia'' in any way whatsoever can be responsible for the appearance of any inaccurate or libelous information or your use of the information contained in or linked from these web pages.'''
Please make sure that you understand that the information provided here is being provided free and gratuitously, and that no kind of agreement or contract is created between you and the owners or users of this site, the owners of the servers upon which it is housed, the individual ''Wikipedia'' contributors, any project administrators, sysops or anyone else who is in ''any way connected'' with this project or sister projects subject to your claims against them directly. You are being granted a limited license to copy anything from this site; it does not create or imply any contractual or extracontractual liability on the part of ''Wikipedia'' or any of its agents, members, organizers or other users.
Please note that that the information found here may be in violation of the laws of the country or jurisdiction from where you are viewing this information. ''Wikipedia'' does not encourage the violation of any laws, but as this information is stored on a server in the State of [[California]] in the [[United States of America]], it is being maintained in reference to the protections afforded to all under the [[United States Constitution]]'s [[First Amendment]] and the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] of the [[United Nations]]. The laws in your country may not recognize as broad a protection of free speech as the laws of the United States or the principles under the UN Charter, and as such, ''Wikipedia'' cannot be responsible for any potential violations of such laws should you link to this domain or use any of the information contained herein in anyway whatsoever.
:'''<big>If you need specific advice (for example, medical, legal, financial, or risk management) please seek a professional who is licensed or knowledgable in that area.</big>''' Read [[Wikipedia:Risk disclaimer]], [[Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer]], and [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer]] for specific disclaimers.
:'''<big>Wikipedia is not uniformly peer reviewed; while readers may correct errors or remove erroneous suggestions they have no legal duty to do so and thus all information read here is without any implied warranty of fitness for any purpose or use whatsoever.</big>'''
'''No consequential damages can be sought against ''Wikipedia''''', as it is a voluntary association of individuals developed freely to create various open source online educational, cultural and informational resources. '''This information is being given to you gratuitously''' and there is '''no agreement or understanding between you and ''Wikipedia''''' regarding your use or modification of this information beyond the [[GNU Free Documentation License]] neither is anyone at ''Wikipedia'' responsible should someone change, edit, modify or remove any information that you may post on ''Wikipedia'' or any of its associated projects.
Thank you for spending the time to read this page, and please enjoy your experience at ''Wikipedia''. <!--Remain seated until the aircraft stops moving and the seat-belt light goes off. ;-) ha, ha! NO SMOKING IN THE TERMINAL BUILDING -->
[[en:Wikipedia:General_disclaimer]]
[[ca:Viquipèdia:Avís legal]]
[[da:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]]
[[hu:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Jogi_nyilatkozat]]
[[no:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]]
[[tr:Hukuk]]
[[pl:Wikipedia:Zrzeczenie się odpowiedzialności]]
[[sv:Wikipedia:Allmänt förbehåll]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E]]
Wikipedia:Help
599
7296
2006-11-14T23:15:14Z
Parahat
8
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/213.65.231.73|213.65.231.73]] ([[User_talk:213.65.231.73|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:Ugur Basak|Ugur Basak]]
Wikipedia bu sitenin okuyucularının ortak çabalarıyla hazırlanan bir ansiklopedidir. Asağıdaki yazılar bu siteyi gezmek ve katkıda bulunmak isteyenlere yardımcı olmak için yazılmıştır.
[[en:Wikipedia:Help|İngilizce yardım sayfası]]
== Wikipedia Hakkında ==
* [[Wikipedia:Hakkında|Wikipedia Hakkında]]
* [[Wikipedia:Hoşgeldiniz, yeni üyeler|Hoşgeldiniz, yeni üyeler!]]
* [[Wikipedia:SSS|Sıkça sorulan sorular]]
== Nasıl Yapılır? ==
* [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia gezintisi|Wikipedia nasıl gezilir]]
* [[Wikipedia:Arama|Arama nasıl yapılır]]
* [[Wikipedia:Sayfayi değiştirmek|Bir sayfa nasıl değiştirilir]]. [[wikipedia:Deneme Kutusu|Deneme kutusunda]] alıştırma yapabilirsiniz.
* [[Wikipedia:Yeni bir sayfaya başlamak|Yeni bir sayfaya nasıl başlanır]]
* [[Wikipedia:Konuşma sayfası|Konuşma sayfası nasıl kullanılır]]
* [[Wikipedia:Resim kullanma kurallari|Sayfaya resim nasıl eklenir]]
* [[Wikipedia:Enson değişiklikler|''En Son Değişiklikler'' sayfası nasıl kullanilir]]
* [[Wikipedia:Ilgili Degisiklikler|''Ilgili Degisiklikler'' sayfası nasıl kullanilir]]
* [[Wikipedia:Git tusu|''Git'' tusu nasıl kullanılır]]
* [[Wikipedia:Sisteme Nasıl Girilir|Sistem Nasıl Girilir]]
* [[Wikipedia:Kullanıcı tercihleri yardım|Kullanıcı tercihleri nasıl kaydedilir]]
* [[Wikipedia:Sayfanın ismini degistirmek|Sayfanın ismi nasıl degistirilir]]
* [[Wikipedia:Sayfa yonlendirme|Sayfa yonlendirme nasıl yapılır]]
* [[Wikipedia:Sayfayi eski versiyona dondurmek|Sayfa eski versiyonlardan birine nasıl dondurulur]]
* [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation|Birden fazla anlamı olan sayfalar nasil hazırlanır]]
* [[Wikipedia:Interlanguage links|Degisik dildeki Wikipedia sayfaları nasıl baglanır]]
* [[Wikipedia:Sayfa silme kuralları|Sayfa nasıl silinir]]
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* [[Wikipedia:Cok uzun sayfalari yazmak|Cok uzun sayfalar nasıl yazılır]]
* [[Wikipedia:Grafik yardim|Sayfalar icin grafik nasil hazırlanır]]
* [[Wikipedia:Sablon yazılar|Okuyucular icin sablon yazı nasıl girilir]]
== Katkıda bulunanlar için bilgiler ==
* [[Wikipedia:Kurallar|Katkıda bulunanlar icin kurallar]]
* [[Wikipedia:Sozluk|Wikipedia terimleri sozlugu]]
* [[Wikipedia:Iyi bir yazı nasıl yazılır|Iyi bir yazı nasıl yazılır]]
* [[Wikipedia:Ortak Kaynaklar|Ortak kaynaklar]]
* [[Wikipedia:Stil Elkitabi|Stil Elkitabi]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|Wiki Projeleri]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yardımcı programlar|Wikipedia Yardımcı Programları]]
== Yardım Almak ==
* [[Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]], [[Wikipedia:SSS|SSS]] veya [[Wikipedia:Yardım|Yardım sayfaları]]nda cevabı olmayan soruları sormak için kurulmuş bir forum.
* [[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Reference desk]], request an article or information. See also [[Requested articles]].
* [[Wikipedia:Mailing lists|Wikipedia E-mail Listesi]]
* [[Wikipedia:IRC kanalı|Diğer kullanıcılarla IRC'de chat]]
* [[Wikipedia:Bug reports|Hata ve öneriler]]
* [[Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedians]]
* [http://meta.wikipedia.com/ Meta Wikipedia], a site that works alongside the main Wikipedia project. Here you can post essays and discussions about topics related to Wikipedia.
* [[Wikipedia:Contingency Page For When The Main Wikipedia Server Is Down|Contingency page for when the main Wikipedia server is down]]
[[da:Wikipedia:Hjælp]] [[de:Wikipedia:Hilfe]][[el:Wikipedia:Help]] [[es:Wikipedia:Ayuda]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Helpo]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Aide]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:עזרה]]
[[ja:Wikipedia:ヘルプ]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Pomoc]] [[zh:Wikipedia:%E5%B8%AE%E5%8A%A9]]
Kimya
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robot Adding: [[jbo:xumske]]
'''Kimya''' (ýa ''ximiya''), bir [[alymlyk]].
[[Category:Alymlyk]]
[[af:Chemie]]
[[als:Chemie]]
[[an:Quimica]]
[[ar:كيمياء]]
[[ast:Química]]
[[bg:Химия]]
[[bn:রসায়ন]]
[[br:Kimiezh]]
[[bs:Hemija]]
[[ca:Química]]
[[co:Chimica]]
[[cs:Chemie]]
[[csb:Chemijô]]
[[cv:Хими]]
[[cy:Cemeg]]
[[da:Kemi]]
[[de:Chemie]]
[[el:Χημεία]]
[[en:Chemistry]]
[[eo:Kemio]]
[[es:Química]]
[[et:Keemia]]
[[eu:Kimika]]
[[fa:شیمی]]
[[fi:Kemia]]
[[fo:Evnafrøði]]
[[fr:Chimie]]
[[fur:Chimiche]]
[[fy:Skiekunde]]
[[ga:Ceimic]]
[[gd:Dùileòlachd]]
[[gl:Química]]
[[gv:Kemmig]]
[[he:כימיה]]
[[hi:रसायन शास्त्र]]
[[hr:Kemija]]
[[ht:Chimi]]
[[hu:Kémia]]
[[hy:Քիմիա]]
[[ia:Chimia]]
[[id:Kimia]]
[[ie:Chimie]]
[[io:Kemio]]
[[is:Efnafræði]]
[[it:Chimica]]
[[ja:化学]]
[[jbo:xumske]]
[[ka:ქიმია]]
[[kn:ರಸಾಯನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]]
[[ko:화학]]
[[ku:Kîmya]]
[[la:Chemia]]
[[lad:Kemika]]
[[lb:Chimie]]
[[li:Sjemie]]
[[lmo:Chímica]]
[[ln:Kémi]]
[[lt:Chemija]]
[[lv:Ķīmija]]
[[mi:Mātauranga matū]]
[[mk:Хемија]]
[[mn:Хими]]
[[mr:रसायनशास्त्र]]
[[ms:Kimia]]
[[nds:Chemie]]
[[nds-nl:Scheikunde]]
[[nl:Scheikunde]]
[[nn:Kjemi]]
[[no:Kjemi]]
[[nov:Kemie]]
[[oc:Quimia]]
[[os:Хими]]
[[pa:ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]]
[[pl:Chemia]]
[[pt:Química]]
[[rm:Chemia]]
[[ro:Chimie]]
[[ru:Химия]]
[[ru-sib:Химия]]
[[sc:Chìmica]]
[[scn:Chìmica]]
[[sco:Chemistry]]
[[sh:Kemija]]
[[simple:Chemistry]]
[[sk:Chémia]]
[[sl:Kemija]]
[[sq:Kimia]]
[[sr:Хемија]]
[[su:Kimia]]
[[sv:Kemi]]
[[sw:Kemia]]
[[ta:வேதியியல்]]
[[te:రసాయన శాస్త్రము]]
[[th:เคมี]]
[[tl:Kimika]]
[[tr:Kimya]]
[[tt:Ximiä]]
[[ug:خىمىيە]]
[[uk:Хімія]]
[[vec:Chimega]]
[[vi:Hóa học]]
[[vo:Kiemav]]
[[yi:כעמיע]]
[[zh:化学]]
[[zh-min-nan:Hòa-ha̍k]]
[[zh-yue:化學]]
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628
sysop
3172
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
s
MediaWiki:Accesskey-search
629
sysop
3173
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
f
MediaWiki:Accesskey-sitesupport
630
sysop
3174
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
<accesskey-sitesupport>
MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpage
631
sysop
3175
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
<accesskey-specialpage>
MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpages
632
sysop
3176
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
q
MediaWiki:Accesskey-talk
633
sysop
3177
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
t
MediaWiki:Accesskey-undelete
634
sysop
3178
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
d
MediaWiki:Accesskey-unwatch
635
sysop
3179
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
w
MediaWiki:Accesskey-upload
636
sysop
3180
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
u
MediaWiki:Accesskey-userpage
637
sysop
3181
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
.
MediaWiki:Accesskey-viewsource
638
sysop
3182
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
e
MediaWiki:Accesskey-watch
639
sysop
3183
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
w
MediaWiki:Accesskey-watchlist
640
sysop
3184
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
l
MediaWiki:Accesskey-whatlinkshere
641
sysop
3185
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
b
MediaWiki:Addsection
642
sysop
3186
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
+
MediaWiki:And
643
sysop
3187
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
and
MediaWiki:Anontalk
644
sysop
3188
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Talk for this IP
MediaWiki:Anonymous
645
sysop
4159
2005-07-29T11:15:41Z
MediaWiki default
Anonymous user(s) of {{SITENAME}}
MediaWiki:Article
646
sysop
3190
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Content page
MediaWiki:Compareselectedversions
647
sysop
3191
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Compare selected versions
MediaWiki:Confirmprotect
648
sysop
3192
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Confirm protection
MediaWiki:Confirmprotecttext
649
sysop
3193
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Do you really want to protect this page?
MediaWiki:Confirmunprotect
650
sysop
3194
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Confirm unprotection
MediaWiki:Confirmunprotecttext
651
sysop
3195
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Do you really want to unprotect this page?
MediaWiki:Copyright
652
sysop
3196
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Content is available under $1.
MediaWiki:Delete
653
sysop
3197
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Delete
MediaWiki:Edit
654
sysop
4328
2005-08-19T23:42:44Z
MediaWiki default
Edit
MediaWiki:Feedlinks
655
sysop
3199
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Feed:
MediaWiki:History short
656
sysop
3200
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
History
MediaWiki:Import
657
sysop
3201
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Import pages
MediaWiki:Importfailed
658
sysop
3202
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Import failed: $1
MediaWiki:Importhistoryconflict
659
sysop
3203
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before)
MediaWiki:Importnotext
660
sysop
3204
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Empty or no text
MediaWiki:Importsuccess
661
sysop
3205
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Import succeeded!
MediaWiki:Importtext
662
sysop
3206
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here.
MediaWiki:Infobox alert
663
sysop
3207
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2
MediaWiki:Isbn
664
sysop
3208
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
ISBN
MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedby
665
sysop
3209
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
This page was last modified $1 by $2.
MediaWiki:Loginreqtext
666
sysop
3210
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages.
MediaWiki:Loginreqtitle
667
sysop
3211
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Login Required
MediaWiki:Mailerror
668
sysop
3212
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Error sending mail: $1
MediaWiki:Mainpagedocfooter
669
sysop
6012
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
== Getting started ==
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [http://mail.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]
MediaWiki:Makesysop
670
sysop
3214
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Make a user into a sysop
MediaWiki:Math bad output
671
sysop
3215
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Can't write to or create math output directory
MediaWiki:Math bad tmpdir
672
sysop
3216
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Can't write to or create math temp directory
MediaWiki:Math notexvc
673
sysop
3217
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.
MediaWiki:Missingimage
674
sysop
4888
2005-12-22T07:45:13Z
MediaWiki default
<b>Missing image</b><br /><i>$1</i>
MediaWiki:Move
675
sysop
3219
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Move
MediaWiki:Navigation
676
sysop
3220
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Navigation
MediaWiki:Nocreativecommons
677
sysop
3221
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server.
MediaWiki:Nodublincore
678
sysop
3222
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server.
MediaWiki:Notacceptable
679
sysop
3223
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read.
MediaWiki:Nstab-category
680
sysop
3224
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Category
MediaWiki:Nstab-help
681
sysop
7139
2006-10-25T20:38:43Z
MediaWiki default
121
Help page
MediaWiki:Nstab-image
682
sysop
4011
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
File
MediaWiki:Nstab-main
683
sysop
3227
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Article
MediaWiki:Nstab-media
684
sysop
4190
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
Media page
MediaWiki:Nstab-mediawiki
685
sysop
3229
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Message
MediaWiki:Nstab-special
686
sysop
3230
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Special
MediaWiki:Nstab-template
687
sysop
3231
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Template
MediaWiki:Nstab-user
688
sysop
3232
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
User page
MediaWiki:Nstab-wp
689
sysop
4191
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
Project page
MediaWiki:Othercontribs
690
sysop
3234
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Based on work by $1.
MediaWiki:Pagetitle
691
sysop
3235
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
$1 - {{SITENAME}}
MediaWiki:Perfcached
692
sysop
6030
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
The following data is cached and may not be up to date.
MediaWiki:Personaltools
693
sysop
3237
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Personal tools
MediaWiki:Portal
694
sysop
3238
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Community portal
MediaWiki:Portal-url
695
sysop
3239
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Project:Community Portal
MediaWiki:Poweredby
696
sysop
3240
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}} is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine.
MediaWiki:Prefs-help-userdata
697
sysop
3241
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
* <strong>Real name</strong> (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.<br />
* <strong>Email</strong> (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your
email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.
MediaWiki:Prefs-misc
698
sysop
4018
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Misc
MediaWiki:Prefs-personal
699
sysop
4592
2005-11-09T23:20:45Z
MediaWiki default
User profile
MediaWiki:Prefs-rc
700
sysop
4593
2005-11-09T23:20:45Z
MediaWiki default
Recent changes
MediaWiki:Protect
701
sysop
3245
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Protect
MediaWiki:Protectcomment
702
sysop
3246
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Reason for protecting
MediaWiki:Protectreason
703
sysop
3247
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
(give a reason)
MediaWiki:Protectsub
704
sysop
3248
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
(Protecting "$1")
MediaWiki:Proxyblocker
705
sysop
3249
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Proxy blocker
MediaWiki:Proxyblockreason
706
sysop
3250
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem.
MediaWiki:Proxyblocksuccess
707
sysop
4898
2005-12-22T07:45:14Z
MediaWiki default
Done.
MediaWiki:Rfcurl
708
sysop
4199
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc$1.txt
MediaWiki:Rights
709
sysop
3253
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Rights:
MediaWiki:Rollback short
710
sysop
3254
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Rollback
MediaWiki:Selectnewerversionfordiff
711
sysop
3255
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Select a newer version for comparison
MediaWiki:Selectolderversionfordiff
712
sysop
3256
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Select an older version for comparison
MediaWiki:Seriousxhtmlerrors
713
sysop
3257
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy.
MediaWiki:Set rights fail
714
sysop
3258
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
<b>User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b>
MediaWiki:Set user rights
715
sysop
3259
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Set user rights
MediaWiki:Siteuser
716
sysop
4204
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}} user $1
MediaWiki:Siteusers
717
sysop
4205
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}} user(s) $1
MediaWiki:Specialpage
718
sysop
3262
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Special Page
MediaWiki:Talk
719
sysop
3263
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Discussion
MediaWiki:Talkpagetext
720
sysop
3264
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
<!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext -->
MediaWiki:Toolbox
721
sysop
3265
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Toolbox
MediaWiki:Tooltip-addsection
722
sysop
3266
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Add a comment to this page. [alt-+]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-anontalk
723
sysop
3267
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Discussion about edits from this ip address [alt-n]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-anonuserpage
724
sysop
3268
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
The user page for the ip you're editing as [alt-.]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-article
725
sysop
3269
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
View the content page [alt-a]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-atom
726
sysop
3270
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Atom feed for this page
MediaWiki:Tooltip-compareselectedversions
727
sysop
3271
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-contributions
728
sysop
3272
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
View the list of contributions of this user
MediaWiki:Tooltip-currentevents
729
sysop
3273
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Find background information on current events
MediaWiki:Tooltip-delete
730
sysop
3274
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Delete this page [alt-d]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-edit
731
sysop
3275
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. [alt-e]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-emailuser
732
sysop
3276
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Send a mail to this user
MediaWiki:Tooltip-help
733
sysop
3277
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
The place to find out.
MediaWiki:Tooltip-history
734
sysop
3278
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Past versions of this page, [alt-h]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-login
735
sysop
3279
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. [alt-o]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-logout
736
sysop
3280
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Log out [alt-o]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-mainpage
737
sysop
3281
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Visit the Main Page [alt-z]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-minoredit
738
sysop
3282
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-move
739
sysop
3283
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Move this page [alt-m]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-mycontris
740
sysop
3284
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
List of my contributions [alt-y]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-mytalk
741
sysop
3285
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
My talk page [alt-n]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-nomove
742
sysop
3286
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
You don't have the permissions to move this page
MediaWiki:Tooltip-portal
743
sysop
3287
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
About the project, what you can do, where to find things
MediaWiki:Tooltip-preferences
744
sysop
3288
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
My preferences
MediaWiki:Tooltip-preview
745
sysop
3289
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-protect
746
sysop
3290
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Protect this page [alt-=]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-randompage
747
sysop
3291
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Load a random page [alt-x]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchanges
748
sysop
3292
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
The list of recent changes in the wiki. [alt-r]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked
749
sysop
3293
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Recent changes in pages linking to this page [alt-c]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-rss
750
sysop
3294
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
RSS feed for this page
MediaWiki:Tooltip-save
751
sysop
3295
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Save your changes [alt-s]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-search
752
sysop
4210
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
Search {{SITENAME}} [alt-f]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-sitesupport
753
sysop
3297
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Support Wikipedia
MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpage
754
sysop
3298
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
This is a special page, you can't edit the page itself.
MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpages
755
sysop
3299
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
List of all special pages [alt-q]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-talk
756
sysop
3300
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Discussion about the content page [alt-t]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-undelete
757
sysop
3301
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Restore $1 deleted edits to this page [alt-d]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-unwatch
758
sysop
3302
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Remove this page from your watchlist [alt-w]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-upload
759
sysop
3303
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
Upload images or media files [alt-u]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-userpage
760
sysop
3304
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
My user page [alt-.]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-viewsource
761
sysop
3305
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
This page is protected. You can view it's source. [alt-e]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-watch
762
sysop
3306
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-watchlist
763
sysop
3307
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
The list of pages you're monitoring for changes. [alt-l]
MediaWiki:Tooltip-whatlinkshere
764
sysop
3308
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
List of all wiki pages that link here [alt-b]
MediaWiki:Undelete short
765
sysop
6076
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
Undelete {{PLURAL:$1|one edit|$1 edits}}
MediaWiki:Unprotect
766
sysop
4221
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
unprotect
MediaWiki:Unprotectcomment
767
sysop
3311
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Reason for unprotecting
MediaWiki:Unprotectsub
768
sysop
3312
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
(Unprotecting "$1")
MediaWiki:Unwatch
769
sysop
3313
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Unwatch
MediaWiki:User rights set
770
sysop
3314
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
<b>User rights for "$1" updated</b>
MediaWiki:Usercssjs
771
sysop
3315
2004-06-02T10:38:03Z
MediaWiki default
'''Note:''' After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: '''Mozilla:''' click ''reload''(or ''ctrl-r''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''ctrl-f5'', '''Safari:''' ''cmd-r'', '''Konqueror''' ''ctrl-r''.
MediaWiki:Usercssjsyoucanpreview
772
sysop
3316
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>Tip:</strong> Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new CSS/JS before saving.
MediaWiki:Usercsspreview
773
sysop
3317
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
'''Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved!'''
MediaWiki:Userjspreview
774
sysop
3318
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
'''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user JavaScript, it has not yet been saved!'''
MediaWiki:Usermailererror
775
sysop
5396
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Mail object returned error:
MediaWiki:Watch
776
sysop
3320
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Watch
MediaWiki:Yourrealname
777
sysop
7173
2006-10-25T20:38:50Z
MediaWiki default
121
Real name *:
Template:All system messages
778
3322
2004-06-02T10:39:47Z
MediaWiki default
{{int:allmessagestext}}
<table border=1 width=100%><tr><td>
'''Name'''
</td><td>
'''Default text'''
</td><td>
'''Current text'''
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:1movedto2|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1 moved to $2
</td><td>
{{int:1movedto2}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:About|Talk]]
</td><td>
About
</td><td>
{{int:About}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:About
</td><td>
{{int:Aboutpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutwikipedia|Talk]]
</td><td>
About Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{int:Aboutwikipedia}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-addsection&action=edit accesskey-addsection]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-addsection|Talk]]
</td><td>
+
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-addsection}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anontalk&action=edit accesskey-anontalk]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anontalk|Talk]]
</td><td>
n
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-anontalk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anonuserpage&action=edit accesskey-anonuserpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anonuserpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
.
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-anonuserpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-article&action=edit accesskey-article]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-article|Talk]]
</td><td>
a
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-article}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-compareselectedversions&action=edit accesskey-compareselectedversions]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-compareselectedversions|Talk]]
</td><td>
v
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-compareselectedversions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-contributions&action=edit accesskey-contributions]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-contributions|Talk]]
</td><td>
&lt;accesskey-contributions&gt;
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-contributions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-currentevents&action=edit accesskey-currentevents]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-currentevents|Talk]]
</td><td>
&lt;accesskey-currentevents&gt;
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-currentevents}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-delete&action=edit accesskey-delete]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-delete|Talk]]
</td><td>
d
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-delete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-edit&action=edit accesskey-edit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-edit|Talk]]
</td><td>
e
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-edit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-emailuser&action=edit accesskey-emailuser]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-emailuser|Talk]]
</td><td>
&lt;accesskey-emailuser&gt;
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-emailuser}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-help&action=edit accesskey-help]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-help|Talk]]
</td><td>
&lt;accesskey-help&gt;
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-help}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-history&action=edit accesskey-history]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-history|Talk]]
</td><td>
h
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-history}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-login&action=edit accesskey-login]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-login|Talk]]
</td><td>
o
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-login}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-logout&action=edit accesskey-logout]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-logout|Talk]]
</td><td>
o
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-logout}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mainpage&action=edit accesskey-mainpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mainpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
z
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-mainpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-minoredit&action=edit accesskey-minoredit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-minoredit|Talk]]
</td><td>
i
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-minoredit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-move&action=edit accesskey-move]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-move|Talk]]
</td><td>
m
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-move}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mycontris&action=edit accesskey-mycontris]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mycontris|Talk]]
</td><td>
y
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-mycontris}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mytalk&action=edit accesskey-mytalk]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mytalk|Talk]]
</td><td>
n
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-mytalk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-portal&action=edit accesskey-portal]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-portal|Talk]]
</td><td>
&lt;accesskey-portal&gt;
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-portal}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preferences&action=edit accesskey-preferences]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preferences|Talk]]
</td><td>
&lt;accesskey-preferences&gt;
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-preferences}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preview&action=edit accesskey-preview]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preview|Talk]]
</td><td>
p
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-preview}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-protect&action=edit accesskey-protect]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-protect|Talk]]
</td><td>
=
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-protect}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-randompage&action=edit accesskey-randompage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-randompage|Talk]]
</td><td>
x
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-randompage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchanges&action=edit accesskey-recentchanges]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchanges|Talk]]
</td><td>
r
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-recentchanges}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked&action=edit accesskey-recentchangeslinked]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked|Talk]]
</td><td>
c
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-save&action=edit accesskey-save]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-save|Talk]]
</td><td>
s
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-save}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-search&action=edit accesskey-search]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-search|Talk]]
</td><td>
f
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-search}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-sitesupport&action=edit accesskey-sitesupport]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-sitesupport|Talk]]
</td><td>
&lt;accesskey-sitesupport&gt;
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-sitesupport}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpage&action=edit accesskey-specialpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
&lt;accesskey-specialpage&gt;
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-specialpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpages&action=edit accesskey-specialpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
q
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-specialpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-talk&action=edit accesskey-talk]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-talk|Talk]]
</td><td>
t
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-talk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-undelete&action=edit accesskey-undelete]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-undelete|Talk]]
</td><td>
d
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-undelete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-unwatch&action=edit accesskey-unwatch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-unwatch|Talk]]
</td><td>
w
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-unwatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-upload&action=edit accesskey-upload]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-upload|Talk]]
</td><td>
u
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-upload}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-userpage&action=edit accesskey-userpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-userpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
.
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-userpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-viewsource&action=edit accesskey-viewsource]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-viewsource|Talk]]
</td><td>
e
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-viewsource}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watch&action=edit accesskey-watch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watch|Talk]]
</td><td>
w
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-watch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watchlist&action=edit accesskey-watchlist]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watchlist|Talk]]
</td><td>
l
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-watchlist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-whatlinkshere&action=edit accesskey-whatlinkshere]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-whatlinkshere|Talk]]
</td><td>
b
</td><td>
{{int:Accesskey-whatlinkshere}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2.
</td><td>
{{int:Accmailtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Password sent.
</td><td>
{{int:Accmailtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Actioncomplete|Talk]]
</td><td>
Action complete
</td><td>
{{int:Actioncomplete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatch|Talk]]
</td><td>
Added to watchlist
</td><td>
{{int:Addedwatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatchtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]].
Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there,
and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to
make it easier to pick out.
<p>If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar.
</td><td>
{{int:Addedwatchtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addsection&action=edit addsection]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Addsection|Talk]]
</td><td>
+
</td><td>
{{int:Addsection}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Administrators|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Administrators
</td><td>
{{int:Administrators}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Affirmation|Talk]]
</td><td>
I affirm that the copyright holder of this file
agrees to license it under the terms of the $1.
</td><td>
{{int:Affirmation}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:All|Talk]]
</td><td>
all
</td><td>
{{int:All}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessages|Talk]]
</td><td>
All system messages
</td><td>
{{int:Allmessages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessagestext|Talk]]
</td><td>
This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace.
</td><td>
{{int:Allmessagestext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Allpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
All pages
</td><td>
{{int:Allpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Alphaindexline|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1 to $2
</td><td>
{{int:Alphaindexline}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyloggedin|Talk]]
</td><td>
<font color=red><b>User $1, you are already logged in!</b></font><br />
</td><td>
{{int:Alreadyloggedin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyrolled|Talk]]
</td><td>
Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]]
by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already.
Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]).
</td><td>
{{int:Alreadyrolled}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ancientpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Oldest pages
</td><td>
{{int:Ancientpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:And&action=edit and]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:And|Talk]]
</td><td>
and
</td><td>
{{int:And}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalk&action=edit anontalk]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalk|Talk]]
</td><td>
Talk for this IP
</td><td>
{{int:Anontalk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalkpagetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.''
</td><td>
{{int:Anontalkpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anonymous&action=edit anonymous]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Anonymous|Talk]]
</td><td>
Anonymous user(s) of Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{int:Anonymous}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Article&action=edit article]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Article|Talk]]
</td><td>
Content page
</td><td>
{{int:Article}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Articleexists|Talk]]
</td><td>
A page of that name already exists, or the
name you have chosen is not valid.
Please choose another name.
</td><td>
{{int:Articleexists}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Articlepage|Talk]]
</td><td>
View content page
</td><td>
{{int:Articlepage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Asksql|Talk]]
</td><td>
SQL query
</td><td>
{{int:Asksql}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Asksqltext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Use the form below to make a direct query of the
database.
Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals.
This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use
this function sparingly.
</td><td>
{{int:Asksqltext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Autoblocker|Talk]]
</td><td>
Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2".
</td><td>
{{int:Autoblocker}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Badarticleerror|Talk]]
</td><td>
This action cannot be performed on this page.
</td><td>
{{int:Badarticleerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Badfilename|Talk]]
</td><td>
Image name has been changed to "$1".
</td><td>
{{int:Badfilename}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Badfiletype|Talk]]
</td><td>
".$1" is not a recommended image file format.
</td><td>
{{int:Badfiletype}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Badipaddress|Talk]]
</td><td>
Invalid IP address
</td><td>
{{int:Badipaddress}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Badquery|Talk]]
</td><td>
Badly formed search query
</td><td>
{{int:Badquery}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Badquerytext|Talk]]
</td><td>
We could not process your query.
This is probably because you have attempted to search for a
word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported.
It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for
example "fish and and scales".
Please try another query.
</td><td>
{{int:Badquerytext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Badretype|Talk]]
</td><td>
The passwords you entered do not match.
</td><td>
{{int:Badretype}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Bad title
</td><td>
{{int:Badtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitletext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The requested page title was invalid, empty, or
an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title.
</td><td>
{{int:Badtitletext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blanknamespace|Talk]]
</td><td>
(Main)
</td><td>
{{int:Blanknamespace}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1.
The reason given is this:<br />''$2''<p>You may contact $1 or one of the other
[[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block.
Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]].
Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make.
</td><td>
{{int:Blockedtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
User is blocked
</td><td>
{{int:Blockedtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blockip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Block user
</td><td>
{{int:Blockip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesssub|Talk]]
</td><td>
Block succeeded
</td><td>
{{int:Blockipsuccesssub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
"$1" has been blocked.
<br />See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks.
</td><td>
{{int:Blockipsuccesstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blockiptext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Use the form below to block write access
from a specific IP address or username.
This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in
accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]].
Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular
pages that were vandalized).
</td><td>
{{int:Blockiptext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklink|Talk]]
</td><td>
block
</td><td>
{{int:Blocklink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklistline|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4)
</td><td>
{{int:Blocklistline}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogentry|Talk]]
</td><td>
blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2
</td><td>
{{int:Blocklogentry}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Block_log
</td><td>
{{int:Blocklogpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically
blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for
the list of currently operational bans and blocks.
</td><td>
{{int:Blocklogtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_sample|Talk]]
</td><td>
Bold text
</td><td>
{{int:Bold_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Bold text
</td><td>
{{int:Bold_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Booksources|Talk]]
</td><td>
Book sources
</td><td>
{{int:Booksources}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Booksourcetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Below is a list of links to other sites that
sell new and used books, and may also have further information
about books you are looking for.Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and
this list should not be construed as an endorsement.
</td><td>
{{int:Booksourcetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirects|Talk]]
</td><td>
Broken Redirects
</td><td>
{{int:Brokenredirects}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirectstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The following redirects link to a non-existing pages.
</td><td>
{{int:Brokenredirectstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreports|Talk]]
</td><td>
Bug reports
</td><td>
{{int:Bugreports}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreportspage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Bug_reports
</td><td>
{{int:Bugreportspage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlog|Talk]]
</td><td>
Bureaucrat_log
</td><td>
{{int:Bureaucratlog}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlogentry|Talk]]
</td><td>
Rights for user "$1" set "$2"
</td><td>
{{int:Bureaucratlogentry}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The action you have requested can only be
performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status.
</td><td>
{{int:Bureaucrattext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Bureaucrat access required
</td><td>
{{int:Bureaucrattitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Bydate|Talk]]
</td><td>
by date
</td><td>
{{int:Bydate}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Byname|Talk]]
</td><td>
by name
</td><td>
{{int:Byname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Bysize|Talk]]
</td><td>
by size
</td><td>
{{int:Bysize}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Cachederror|Talk]]
</td><td>
The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date.
</td><td>
{{int:Cachederror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Cancel|Talk]]
</td><td>
Cancel
</td><td>
{{int:Cancel}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Cannotdelete|Talk]]
</td><td>
Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.)
</td><td>
{{int:Cannotdelete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Cantrollback|Talk]]
</td><td>
Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page.
</td><td>
{{int:Cantrollback}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Categories|Talk]]
</td><td>
Categories
</td><td>
{{int:Categories}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Category|Talk]]
</td><td>
category
</td><td>
{{int:Category}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Category_header|Talk]]
</td><td>
Articles in category "$1"
</td><td>
{{int:Category_header}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Changepassword|Talk]]
</td><td>
Change password
</td><td>
{{int:Changepassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Changes|Talk]]
</td><td>
changes
</td><td>
{{int:Changes}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Columns|Talk]]
</td><td>
Columns
</td><td>
{{int:Columns}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Commentedit|Talk]]
</td><td>
(comment)
</td><td>
{{int:Commentedit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Compareselectedversions&action=edit compareselectedversions]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Compareselectedversions|Talk]]
</td><td>
Compare selected versions
</td><td>
{{int:Compareselectedversions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Confirm|Talk]]
</td><td>
Confirm
</td><td>
{{int:Confirm}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmcheck|Talk]]
</td><td>
Yes, I really want to delete this.
</td><td>
{{int:Confirmcheck}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdelete|Talk]]
</td><td>
Confirm delete
</td><td>
{{int:Confirmdelete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdeletetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You are about to permanently delete a page
or image along with all of its history from the database.
Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the
consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with
[[Wikipedia:Policy]].
</td><td>
{{int:Confirmdeletetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotect&action=edit confirmprotect]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotect|Talk]]
</td><td>
Confirm protection
</td><td>
{{int:Confirmprotect}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotecttext&action=edit confirmprotecttext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotecttext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Do you really want to protect this page?
</td><td>
{{int:Confirmprotecttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotect&action=edit confirmunprotect]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotect|Talk]]
</td><td>
Confirm unprotection
</td><td>
{{int:Confirmunprotect}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotecttext&action=edit confirmunprotecttext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotecttext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Do you really want to unprotect this page?
</td><td>
{{int:Confirmunprotecttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Contextchars|Talk]]
</td><td>
Characters of context per line
</td><td>
{{int:Contextchars}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Contextlines|Talk]]
</td><td>
Lines to show per hit
</td><td>
{{int:Contextlines}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Contribslink|Talk]]
</td><td>
contribs
</td><td>
{{int:Contribslink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Contribsub|Talk]]
</td><td>
For $1
</td><td>
{{int:Contribsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Contributions|Talk]]
</td><td>
User contributions
</td><td>
{{int:Contributions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyright&action=edit copyright]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Copyright|Talk]]
</td><td>
Content is available under $1.
</td><td>
{{int:Copyright}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Copyrights
</td><td>
{{int:Copyrightpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpagename|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia copyright
</td><td>
{{int:Copyrightpagename}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightwarning|Talk]]
</td><td>
Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are
considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License
(see $1 for details).
If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed
at will, then don't submit it here.<br />
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a
public domain or similar free resource.
<strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong>
</td><td>
{{int:Copyrightwarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Couldntremove|Talk]]
</td><td>
Couldn't remove item '$1'...
</td><td>
{{int:Couldntremove}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccount|Talk]]
</td><td>
Create new account
</td><td>
{{int:Createaccount}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccountmail|Talk]]
</td><td>
by email
</td><td>
{{int:Createaccountmail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Cur|Talk]]
</td><td>
cur
</td><td>
{{int:Cur}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Currentevents|Talk]]
</td><td>
Current events
</td><td>
{{int:Currentevents}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Currentrev|Talk]]
</td><td>
Current revision
</td><td>
{{int:Currentrev}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Databaseerror|Talk]]
</td><td>
Database error
</td><td>
{{int:Databaseerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Dateformat|Talk]]
</td><td>
Date format
</td><td>
{{int:Dateformat}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortext|Talk]]
</td><td>
A database query syntax error has occurred.
This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5),
or it may indicate a bug in the software.
The last attempted database query was:
<blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote>
from within function "<tt>$2</tt>".
MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>".
</td><td>
{{int:Dberrortext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortextcl|Talk]]
</td><td>
A database query syntax error has occurred.
The last attempted database query was:
"$1"
from within function "$2".
MySQL returned error "$3: $4".
</td><td>
{{int:Dberrortextcl}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Deadendpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Dead-end pages
</td><td>
{{int:Deadendpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Debug|Talk]]
</td><td>
Debug
</td><td>
{{int:Debug}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Defaultns|Talk]]
</td><td>
Search in these namespaces by default:
</td><td>
{{int:Defaultns}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Defemailsubject|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia e-mail
</td><td>
{{int:Defemailsubject}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Delete&action=edit delete]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Delete|Talk]]
</td><td>
Delete
</td><td>
{{int:Delete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Deletecomment|Talk]]
</td><td>
Reason for deletion
</td><td>
{{int:Deletecomment}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedarticle|Talk]]
</td><td>
deleted "$1"
</td><td>
{{int:Deletedarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
"$1" has been deleted.
See $2 for a record of recent deletions.
</td><td>
{{int:Deletedtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Deleteimg|Talk]]
</td><td>
del
</td><td>
{{int:Deleteimg}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Deletepage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Delete page
</td><td>
{{int:Deletepage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Deletesub|Talk]]
</td><td>
(Deleting "$1")
</td><td>
{{int:Deletesub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Deletethispage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Delete this page
</td><td>
{{int:Deletethispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Deletionlog|Talk]]
</td><td>
deletion log
</td><td>
{{int:Deletionlog}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Deletion_log
</td><td>
{{int:Dellogpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpagetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Below is a list of the most recent deletions.
All times shown are server time (UTC).
<ul>
</ul>
</td><td>
{{int:Dellogpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Developerspheading|Talk]]
</td><td>
For developer use only
</td><td>
{{int:Developerspheading}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Developertext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The action you have requested can only be
performed by users with "developer" status.
See $1.
</td><td>
{{int:Developertext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Developertitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Developer access required
</td><td>
{{int:Developertitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Diff|Talk]]
</td><td>
diff
</td><td>
{{int:Diff}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Difference|Talk]]
</td><td>
(Difference between revisions)
</td><td>
{{int:Difference}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguations|Talk]]
</td><td>
Disambiguation pages
</td><td>
{{int:Disambiguations}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationspage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages
</td><td>
{{int:Disambiguationspage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The following pages link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br />A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.<br />Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here.
</td><td>
{{int:Disambiguationstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimerpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:General_disclaimer
</td><td>
{{int:Disclaimerpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimers|Talk]]
</td><td>
Disclaimers
</td><td>
{{int:Disclaimers}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirects|Talk]]
</td><td>
Double Redirects
</td><td>
{{int:Doubleredirects}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirectstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
<b>Attention:</b> This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.<br />
Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to.
</td><td>
{{int:Doubleredirectstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edit&action=edit edit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Edit|Talk]]
</td><td>
Edit
</td><td>
{{int:Edit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Editcomment|Talk]]
</td><td>
The edit comment was: "<i>$1</i>".
</td><td>
{{int:Editcomment}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Editconflict|Talk]]
</td><td>
Edit conflict: $1
</td><td>
{{int:Editconflict}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Editcurrent|Talk]]
</td><td>
Edit the current version of this page
</td><td>
{{int:Editcurrent}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelp|Talk]]
</td><td>
Editing help
</td><td>
{{int:Edithelp}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelppage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Help:Editing
</td><td>
{{int:Edithelppage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Editing|Talk]]
</td><td>
Editing $1
</td><td>
{{int:Editing}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Editingold|Talk]]
</td><td>
<strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date
revision of this page.
If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong>
</td><td>
{{int:Editingold}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Editsection|Talk]]
</td><td>
edit
</td><td>
{{int:Editsection}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Editthispage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Edit this page
</td><td>
{{int:Editthispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailflag|Talk]]
</td><td>
Disable e-mail from other users
</td><td>
{{int:Emailflag}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailforlost|Talk]]
</td><td>
Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your
email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.<br /><br />Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work.
</td><td>
{{int:Emailforlost}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailfrom|Talk]]
</td><td>
From
</td><td>
{{int:Emailfrom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailmessage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Message
</td><td>
{{int:Emailmessage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
E-mail user
</td><td>
{{int:Emailpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpagetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in
his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message.
The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear
as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able
to reply.
</td><td>
{{int:Emailpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsend|Talk]]
</td><td>
Send
</td><td>
{{int:Emailsend}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsent|Talk]]
</td><td>
E-mail sent
</td><td>
{{int:Emailsent}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsenttext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your e-mail message has been sent.
</td><td>
{{int:Emailsenttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsubject|Talk]]
</td><td>
Subject
</td><td>
{{int:Emailsubject}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailto|Talk]]
</td><td>
To
</td><td>
{{int:Emailto}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Emailuser|Talk]]
</td><td>
E-mail this user
</td><td>
{{int:Emailuser}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Enterlockreason|Talk]]
</td><td>
Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate
of when the lock will be released
</td><td>
{{int:Enterlockreason}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Error|Talk]]
</td><td>
Error
</td><td>
{{int:Error}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Errorpagetitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Error
</td><td>
{{int:Errorpagetitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Exbeforeblank|Talk]]
</td><td>
content before blanking was:
</td><td>
{{int:Exbeforeblank}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Exblank|Talk]]
</td><td>
page was empty
</td><td>
{{int:Exblank}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Excontent|Talk]]
</td><td>
content was:
</td><td>
{{int:Excontent}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Explainconflict|Talk]]
</td><td>
Someone else has changed this page since you
started editing it.
The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists.
Your changes are shown in the lower text area.
You will have to merge your changes into the existing text.
<b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you
press "Save page".
<p>
</td><td>
{{int:Explainconflict}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Export|Talk]]
</td><td>
Export pages
</td><td>
{{int:Export}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Exportcuronly|Talk]]
</td><td>
Include only the current revision, not the full history
</td><td>
{{int:Exportcuronly}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Exporttext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You can export the text and editing history of a particular
page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another
wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private
amusement.
</td><td>
{{int:Exporttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_sample|Talk]]
</td><td>
http://www.example.com link title
</td><td>
{{int:Extlink_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
External link (remember http:// prefix)
</td><td>
{{int:Extlink_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Faq|Talk]]
</td><td>
FAQ
</td><td>
{{int:Faq}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Faqpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:FAQ
</td><td>
{{int:Faqpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Feedlinks&action=edit feedlinks]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Feedlinks|Talk]]
</td><td>
Feed:
</td><td>
{{int:Feedlinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Filecopyerror|Talk]]
</td><td>
Could not copy file "$1" to "$2".
</td><td>
{{int:Filecopyerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Filedeleteerror|Talk]]
</td><td>
Could not delete file "$1".
</td><td>
{{int:Filedeleteerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Filedesc|Talk]]
</td><td>
Summary
</td><td>
{{int:Filedesc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Filename|Talk]]
</td><td>
Filename
</td><td>
{{int:Filename}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Filenotfound|Talk]]
</td><td>
Could not find file "$1".
</td><td>
{{int:Filenotfound}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Filerenameerror|Talk]]
</td><td>
Could not rename file "$1" to "$2".
</td><td>
{{int:Filerenameerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Filesource|Talk]]
</td><td>
Source
</td><td>
{{int:Filesource}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Filestatus|Talk]]
</td><td>
Copyright status
</td><td>
{{int:Filestatus}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Fileuploaded|Talk]]
</td><td>
File "$1" uploaded successfully.
Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill
in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was
created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it.
</td><td>
{{int:Fileuploaded}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Formerror|Talk]]
</td><td>
Error: could not submit form
</td><td>
{{int:Formerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Fromwikipedia|Talk]]
</td><td>
From Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{int:Fromwikipedia}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Getimagelist|Talk]]
</td><td>
fetching image list
</td><td>
{{int:Getimagelist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Go|Talk]]
</td><td>
Go
</td><td>
{{int:Go}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Googlesearch|Talk]]
</td><td>
<!-- SiteSearch Google -->
<FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search">
<TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td>
<A HREF="http://www.google.com/">
<IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif"
border="0" ALT="Google"></A>
</td>
<td>
<INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1">
<INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search">
<font size=-1>
<input type=hidden name=domains value="{{SERVER}}"><br /><input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="{{SERVER}}" checked> {{SERVER}} <br />
<input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'>
<input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'>
</font>
</td></tr></TABLE>
</FORM>
<!-- SiteSearch Google -->
</td><td>
{{int:Googlesearch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Guesstimezone|Talk]]
</td><td>
Fill in from browser
</td><td>
{{int:Guesstimezone}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_sample|Talk]]
</td><td>
Headline text
</td><td>
{{int:Headline_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Level 2 headline
</td><td>
{{int:Headline_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Help|Talk]]
</td><td>
Help
</td><td>
{{int:Help}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Helppage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Help:Contents
</td><td>
{{int:Helppage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Hide|Talk]]
</td><td>
hide
</td><td>
{{int:Hide}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Hidetoc|Talk]]
</td><td>
hide
</td><td>
{{int:Hidetoc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Hist|Talk]]
</td><td>
hist
</td><td>
{{int:Hist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Histlegend|Talk]]
</td><td>
Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.<br/>
Legend: (cur) = difference with current version,
(last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit.
</td><td>
{{int:Histlegend}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:History|Talk]]
</td><td>
Page history
</td><td>
{{int:History}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History_short&action=edit history_short]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:History_short|Talk]]
</td><td>
History
</td><td>
{{int:History_short}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Historywarning|Talk]]
</td><td>
Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history:
</td><td>
{{int:Historywarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Hr_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Horizontal line (use sparingly)
</td><td>
{{int:Hr_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ignorewarning|Talk]]
</td><td>
Ignore warning and save file anyway.
</td><td>
{{int:Ignorewarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ilshowmatch|Talk]]
</td><td>
Show all images with names matching
</td><td>
{{int:Ilshowmatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ilsubmit|Talk]]
</td><td>
Search
</td><td>
{{int:Ilsubmit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Image_sample|Talk]]
</td><td>
Example.jpg
</td><td>
{{int:Image_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Image_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Embedded image
</td><td>
{{int:Image_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelinks|Talk]]
</td><td>
Image links
</td><td>
{{int:Imagelinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelist|Talk]]
</td><td>
Image list
</td><td>
{{int:Imagelist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelisttext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2.
</td><td>
{{int:Imagelisttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Imagepage|Talk]]
</td><td>
View image page
</td><td>
{{int:Imagepage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Imagereverted|Talk]]
</td><td>
Revert to earlier version was successful.
</td><td>
{{int:Imagereverted}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdelete|Talk]]
</td><td>
del
</td><td>
{{int:Imgdelete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdesc|Talk]]
</td><td>
desc
</td><td>
{{int:Imgdesc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistlegend|Talk]]
</td><td>
Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete
this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version.
<br /><i>Click on date to see image uploaded on that date</i>.
</td><td>
{{int:Imghistlegend}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistory|Talk]]
</td><td>
Image history
</td><td>
{{int:Imghistory}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Imglegend|Talk]]
</td><td>
Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description.
</td><td>
{{int:Imglegend}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Import&action=edit import]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Import|Talk]]
</td><td>
Import pages
</td><td>
{{int:Import}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importfailed&action=edit importfailed]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Importfailed|Talk]]
</td><td>
Import failed: $1
</td><td>
{{int:Importfailed}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importhistoryconflict&action=edit importhistoryconflict]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Importhistoryconflict|Talk]]
</td><td>
Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before)
</td><td>
{{int:Importhistoryconflict}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importnotext&action=edit importnotext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Importnotext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Empty or no text
</td><td>
{{int:Importnotext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importsuccess&action=edit importsuccess]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Importsuccess|Talk]]
</td><td>
Import succeeded!
</td><td>
{{int:Importsuccess}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importtext&action=edit importtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Importtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here.
</td><td>
{{int:Importtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox|Talk]]
</td><td>
Click a button to get an example text
</td><td>
{{int:Infobox}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox_alert&action=edit infobox_alert]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox_alert|Talk]]
</td><td>
Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2
</td><td>
{{int:Infobox_alert}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Internalerror|Talk]]
</td><td>
Internal error
</td><td>
{{int:Internalerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Intl|Talk]]
</td><td>
Interlanguage links
</td><td>
{{int:Intl}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ip_range_invalid|Talk]]
</td><td>
Invalid IP range.
</td><td>
{{int:Ip_range_invalid}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ipaddress|Talk]]
</td><td>
IP Address/username
</td><td>
{{int:Ipaddress}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ipb_expiry_invalid|Talk]]
</td><td>
Expiry time invalid.
</td><td>
{{int:Ipb_expiry_invalid}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbexpiry|Talk]]
</td><td>
Expiry
</td><td>
{{int:Ipbexpiry}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ipblocklist|Talk]]
</td><td>
List of blocked IP addresses and usernames
</td><td>
{{int:Ipblocklist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbreason|Talk]]
</td><td>
Reason
</td><td>
{{int:Ipbreason}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbsubmit|Talk]]
</td><td>
Block this user
</td><td>
{{int:Ipbsubmit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusubmit|Talk]]
</td><td>
Unblock this address
</td><td>
{{int:Ipusubmit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusuccess|Talk]]
</td><td>
"$1" unblocked
</td><td>
{{int:Ipusuccess}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isbn&action=edit isbn]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Isbn|Talk]]
</td><td>
ISBN
</td><td>
{{int:Isbn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Isredirect|Talk]]
</td><td>
redirect page
</td><td>
{{int:Isredirect}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_sample|Talk]]
</td><td>
Italic text
</td><td>
{{int:Italic_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Italic text
</td><td>
{{int:Italic_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Iteminvalidname|Talk]]
</td><td>
Problem with item '$1', invalid name...
</td><td>
{{int:Iteminvalidname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Largefile|Talk]]
</td><td>
It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size.
</td><td>
{{int:Largefile}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Last|Talk]]
</td><td>
last
</td><td>
{{int:Last}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodified|Talk]]
</td><td>
This page was last modified $1.
</td><td>
{{int:Lastmodified}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedby&action=edit lastmodifiedby]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodifiedby|Talk]]
</td><td>
This page was last modified $1 by $2.
</td><td>
{{int:Lastmodifiedby}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Lineno|Talk]]
</td><td>
Line $1:
</td><td>
{{int:Lineno}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Link_sample|Talk]]
</td><td>
Link title
</td><td>
{{int:Link_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Link_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Internal link
</td><td>
{{int:Link_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Linklistsub|Talk]]
</td><td>
(List of links)
</td><td>
{{int:Linklistsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Linkshere|Talk]]
</td><td>
The following pages link to here:
</td><td>
{{int:Linkshere}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Linkstoimage|Talk]]
</td><td>
The following pages link to this image:
</td><td>
{{int:Linkstoimage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Linktrail|Talk]]
</td><td>
/^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD
</td><td>
{{int:Linktrail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Listform|Talk]]
</td><td>
list
</td><td>
{{int:Listform}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Listusers|Talk]]
</td><td>
User list
</td><td>
{{int:Listusers}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loadhist|Talk]]
</td><td>
Loading page history
</td><td>
{{int:Loadhist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loadingrev|Talk]]
</td><td>
loading revision for diff
</td><td>
{{int:Loadingrev}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Localtime|Talk]]
</td><td>
Local time display
</td><td>
{{int:Localtime}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Lockbtn|Talk]]
</td><td>
Lock database
</td><td>
{{int:Lockbtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Lockconfirm|Talk]]
</td><td>
Yes, I really want to lock the database.
</td><td>
{{int:Lockconfirm}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdb|Talk]]
</td><td>
Lock database
</td><td>
{{int:Lockdb}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesssub|Talk]]
</td><td>
Database lock succeeded
</td><td>
{{int:Lockdbsuccesssub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The database has been locked.
<br />Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete.
</td><td>
{{int:Lockdbsuccesstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Locking the database will suspend the ability of all
users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and
other things requiring changes in the database.
Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will
unlock the database when your maintenance is done.
</td><td>
{{int:Lockdbtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Locknoconfirm|Talk]]
</td><td>
You did not check the confirmation box.
</td><td>
{{int:Locknoconfirm}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Login|Talk]]
</td><td>
Log in
</td><td>
{{int:Login}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loginend|Talk]]
</td><td>
&nbsp;
</td><td>
{{int:Loginend}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loginerror|Talk]]
</td><td>
Login error
</td><td>
{{int:Loginerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loginpagetitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
User login
</td><td>
{{int:Loginpagetitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loginproblem|Talk]]
</td><td>
<b>There has been a problem with your login.</b><br />Try again!
</td><td>
{{int:Loginproblem}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loginprompt|Talk]]
</td><td>
You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia.
</td><td>
{{int:Loginprompt}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtext&action=edit loginreqtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages.
</td><td>
{{int:Loginreqtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtitle&action=edit loginreqtitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Login Required
</td><td>
{{int:Loginreqtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccess|Talk]]
</td><td>
You are now logged in to Wikipedia as "$1".
</td><td>
{{int:Loginsuccess}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccesstitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Login successful
</td><td>
{{int:Loginsuccesstitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Logout|Talk]]
</td><td>
Log out
</td><td>
{{int:Logout}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You are now logged out.
You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in
again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may
continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear
your browser cache
</td><td>
{{int:Logouttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
User logout
</td><td>
{{int:Logouttitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Lonelypages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Orphaned pages
</td><td>
{{int:Lonelypages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Longpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Long pages
</td><td>
{{int:Longpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Longpagewarning|Talk]]
</td><td>
WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some
browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb.
Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections.
</td><td>
{{int:Longpagewarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailerror&action=edit mailerror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mailerror|Talk]]
</td><td>
Error sending mail: $1
</td><td>
{{int:Mailerror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mailmypassword|Talk]]
</td><td>
Mail me a new password
</td><td>
{{int:Mailmypassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologin|Talk]]
</td><td>
No send address
</td><td>
{{int:Mailnologin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologintext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a>
and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a>
to send e-mail to other users.
</td><td>
{{int:Mailnologintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Main Page
</td><td>
{{int:Mainpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagedocfooter&action=edit mainpagedocfooter]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagedocfooter|Talk]]
</td><td>
Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface]
and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help.
</td><td>
{{int:Mainpagedocfooter}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wiki software successfully installed.
</td><td>
{{int:Mainpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenance|Talk]]
</td><td>
Maintenance page
</td><td>
{{int:Maintenance}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenancebacklink|Talk]]
</td><td>
Back to Maintenance Page
</td><td>
{{int:Maintenancebacklink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Maintnancepagetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-)
</td><td>
{{int:Maintnancepagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysop&action=edit makesysop]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysop|Talk]]
</td><td>
Make a user into a sysop
</td><td>
{{int:Makesysop}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopfail|Talk]]
</td><td>
<b>User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b>
</td><td>
{{int:Makesysopfail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopname|Talk]]
</td><td>
Name of the user:
</td><td>
{{int:Makesysopname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopok|Talk]]
</td><td>
<b>User "$1" is now a sysop</b>
</td><td>
{{int:Makesysopok}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopsubmit|Talk]]
</td><td>
Make this user into a sysop
</td><td>
{{int:Makesysopsubmit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptext|Talk]]
</td><td>
This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators.
Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator
</td><td>
{{int:Makesysoptext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Make a user into a sysop
</td><td>
{{int:Makesysoptitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Matchtotals|Talk]]
</td><td>
The query "$1" matched $2 page titles
and the text of $3 pages.
</td><td>
{{int:Matchtotals}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math|Talk]]
</td><td>
Rendering math
</td><td>
{{int:Math}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_output&action=edit math_bad_output]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_output|Talk]]
</td><td>
Can't write to or create math output directory
</td><td>
{{int:Math_bad_output}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_tmpdir&action=edit math_bad_tmpdir]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_tmpdir|Talk]]
</td><td>
Can't write to or create math temp directory
</td><td>
{{int:Math_bad_tmpdir}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_failure|Talk]]
</td><td>
Failed to parse
</td><td>
{{int:Math_failure}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_image_error|Talk]]
</td><td>
PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert
</td><td>
{{int:Math_image_error}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_lexing_error|Talk]]
</td><td>
lexing error
</td><td>
{{int:Math_lexing_error}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_notexvc&action=edit math_notexvc]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_notexvc|Talk]]
</td><td>
Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.
</td><td>
{{int:Math_notexvc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_sample|Talk]]
</td><td>
Insert formula here
</td><td>
{{int:Math_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_syntax_error|Talk]]
</td><td>
syntax error
</td><td>
{{int:Math_syntax_error}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Mathematical formula (LaTeX)
</td><td>
{{int:Math_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_error|Talk]]
</td><td>
unknown error
</td><td>
{{int:Math_unknown_error}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_function|Talk]]
</td><td>
unknown function
</td><td>
{{int:Math_unknown_function}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Media_sample|Talk]]
</td><td>
Example.mp3
</td><td>
{{int:Media_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Media_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Media file link
</td><td>
{{int:Media_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Minlength|Talk]]
</td><td>
Image names must be at least three letters.
</td><td>
{{int:Minlength}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Minoredit|Talk]]
</td><td>
This is a minor edit
</td><td>
{{int:Minoredit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Minoreditletter|Talk]]
</td><td>
M
</td><td>
{{int:Minoreditletter}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelings|Talk]]
</td><td>
Pages with misspellings
</td><td>
{{int:Mispeelings}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingspage|Talk]]
</td><td>
List of common misspellings
</td><td>
{{int:Mispeelingspage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this).
</td><td>
{{int:Mispeelingstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Missingarticle|Talk]]
</td><td>
The database did not find the text of a page
that it should have found, named "$1".
<p>This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a
page that has been deleted.
<p>If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software.
Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL.
</td><td>
{{int:Missingarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingimage&action=edit missingimage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Missingimage|Talk]]
</td><td>
<b>Missing image</b><br /><i>$1</i>
</td><td>
{{int:Missingimage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinks|Talk]]
</td><td>
Missing Language Links
</td><td>
{{int:Missinglanguagelinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinksbutton|Talk]]
</td><td>
Find missing language links for
</td><td>
{{int:Missinglanguagelinksbutton}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinkstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
These pages do <i>not</i> link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are <i>not</i> shown.
</td><td>
{{int:Missinglanguagelinkstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Moredotdotdot|Talk]]
</td><td>
More...
</td><td>
{{int:Moredotdotdot}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Move&action=edit move]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Move|Talk]]
</td><td>
Move
</td><td>
{{int:Move}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Movearticle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Move page
</td><td>
{{int:Movearticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Movedto|Talk]]
</td><td>
moved to
</td><td>
{{int:Movedto}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologin|Talk]]
</td><td>
Not logged in
</td><td>
{{int:Movenologin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologintext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a>
to move a page.
</td><td>
{{int:Movenologintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Movepage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Move page
</td><td>
{{int:Movepage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagebtn|Talk]]
</td><td>
Move page
</td><td>
{{int:Movepagebtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetalktext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:'''
*You are moving the page across namespaces,
*A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or
*You uncheck the box below.
In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired.
</td><td>
{{int:Movepagetalktext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Using the form below will rename a page, moving all
of its history to the new name.
The old title will become a redirect page to the new title.
Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to
[[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects.
You are responsible for making sure that links continue to
point where they are supposed to go.
Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already
a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no
past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where
it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite
an existing page.
<b>WARNING!</b>
This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page;
please be sure you understand the consequences of this before
proceeding.
</td><td>
{{int:Movepagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Movetalk|Talk]]
</td><td>
Move "talk" page as well, if applicable.
</td><td>
{{int:Movetalk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Movethispage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Move this page
</td><td>
{{int:Movethispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mycontris|Talk]]
</td><td>
My contributions
</td><td>
{{int:Mycontris}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mypage|Talk]]
</td><td>
My page
</td><td>
{{int:Mypage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Mytalk|Talk]]
</td><td>
My talk
</td><td>
{{int:Mytalk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Navigation&action=edit navigation]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Navigation|Talk]]
</td><td>
Navigation
</td><td>
{{int:Navigation}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nbytes|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1 bytes
</td><td>
{{int:Nbytes}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nchanges|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1 changes
</td><td>
{{int:Nchanges}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticle|Talk]]
</td><td>
(New)
</td><td>
{{int:Newarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticletext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet.
To create the page, start typing in the box below
(see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info).
If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button.
</td><td>
{{int:Newarticletext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessages|Talk]]
</td><td>
You have $1.
</td><td>
{{int:Newmessages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessageslink|Talk]]
</td><td>
new messages
</td><td>
{{int:Newmessageslink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Newpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
New page
</td><td>
{{int:Newpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Newpageletter|Talk]]
</td><td>
N
</td><td>
{{int:Newpageletter}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Newpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
New pages
</td><td>
{{int:Newpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Newpassword|Talk]]
</td><td>
New password
</td><td>
{{int:Newpassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Newtitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
To new title
</td><td>
{{int:Newtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Newusersonly|Talk]]
</td><td>
(new users only)
</td><td>
{{int:Newusersonly}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Next|Talk]]
</td><td>
next
</td><td>
{{int:Next}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nextn|Talk]]
</td><td>
next $1
</td><td>
{{int:Nextn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nlinks|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1 links
</td><td>
{{int:Nlinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Noaffirmation|Talk]]
</td><td>
You must affirm that your upload does not violate
any copyrights.
</td><td>
{{int:Noaffirmation}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Noarticletext|Talk]]
</td><td>
(There is currently no text in this page)
</td><td>
{{int:Noarticletext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Noblockreason|Talk]]
</td><td>
You must supply a reason for the block.
</td><td>
{{int:Noblockreason}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Noconnect|Talk]]
</td><td>
Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server.
</td><td>
{{int:Noconnect}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nocontribs|Talk]]
</td><td>
No changes were found matching these criteria.
</td><td>
{{int:Nocontribs}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookieslogin|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again.
</td><td>
{{int:Nocookieslogin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookiesnew|Talk]]
</td><td>
The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password.
</td><td>
{{int:Nocookiesnew}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocreativecommons&action=edit nocreativecommons]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nocreativecommons|Talk]]
</td><td>
Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server.
</td><td>
{{int:Nocreativecommons}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nodb|Talk]]
</td><td>
Could not select database $1
</td><td>
{{int:Nodb}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodublincore&action=edit nodublincore]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nodublincore|Talk]]
</td><td>
Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server.
</td><td>
{{int:Nodublincore}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Noemail|Talk]]
</td><td>
There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1".
</td><td>
{{int:Noemail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
This user has not specified a valid e-mail address,
or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users.
</td><td>
{{int:Noemailtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
No e-mail address
</td><td>
{{int:Noemailtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nogomatch|Talk]]
</td><td>
No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search.
</td><td>
{{int:Nogomatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nohistory|Talk]]
</td><td>
There is no edit history for this page.
</td><td>
{{int:Nohistory}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkshere|Talk]]
</td><td>
No pages link to here.
</td><td>
{{int:Nolinkshere}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkstoimage|Talk]]
</td><td>
There are no pages that link to this image.
</td><td>
{{int:Nolinkstoimage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Noname|Talk]]
</td><td>
You have not specified a valid user name.
</td><td>
{{int:Noname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nonefound|Talk]]
</td><td>
<strong>Note</strong>: unsuccessful searches are
often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from",
which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages
containing all of the search terms will appear in the result).
</td><td>
{{int:Nonefound}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nospecialpagetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You have requested a special page that is not
recognized by the wiki.
</td><td>
{{int:Nospecialpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchaction|Talk]]
</td><td>
No such action
</td><td>
{{int:Nosuchaction}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchactiontext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The action specified by the URL is not
recognized by the wiki
</td><td>
{{int:Nosuchactiontext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchspecialpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
No such special page
</td><td>
{{int:Nosuchspecialpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchuser|Talk]]
</td><td>
There is no user by the name "$1".
Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account.
</td><td>
{{int:Nosuchuser}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notacceptable&action=edit notacceptable]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Notacceptable|Talk]]
</td><td>
The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read.
</td><td>
{{int:Notacceptable}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Notanarticle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Not a content page
</td><td>
{{int:Notanarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You have not specified a target page or user
to perform this function on.
</td><td>
{{int:Notargettext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
No target
</td><td>
{{int:Notargettitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Note|Talk]]
</td><td>
<strong>Note:</strong>
</td><td>
{{int:Note}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Notextmatches|Talk]]
</td><td>
No page text matches
</td><td>
{{int:Notextmatches}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Notitlematches|Talk]]
</td><td>
No page title matches
</td><td>
{{int:Notitlematches}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Notloggedin|Talk]]
</td><td>
Not logged in
</td><td>
{{int:Notloggedin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nowatchlist|Talk]]
</td><td>
You have no items on your watchlist.
</td><td>
{{int:Nowatchlist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_sample|Talk]]
</td><td>
Insert non-formatted text here
</td><td>
{{int:Nowiki_sample}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Ignore wiki formatting
</td><td>
{{int:Nowiki_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-category&action=edit nstab-category]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-category|Talk]]
</td><td>
Category
</td><td>
{{int:Nstab-category}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-help&action=edit nstab-help]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-help|Talk]]
</td><td>
Help
</td><td>
{{int:Nstab-help}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-image&action=edit nstab-image]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-image|Talk]]
</td><td>
Image
</td><td>
{{int:Nstab-image}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-main&action=edit nstab-main]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-main|Talk]]
</td><td>
Article
</td><td>
{{int:Nstab-main}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-media&action=edit nstab-media]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-media|Talk]]
</td><td>
Media
</td><td>
{{int:Nstab-media}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-mediawiki&action=edit nstab-mediawiki]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-mediawiki|Talk]]
</td><td>
Message
</td><td>
{{int:Nstab-mediawiki}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-special&action=edit nstab-special]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-special|Talk]]
</td><td>
Special
</td><td>
{{int:Nstab-special}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-template&action=edit nstab-template]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-template|Talk]]
</td><td>
Template
</td><td>
{{int:Nstab-template}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-user&action=edit nstab-user]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-user|Talk]]
</td><td>
User page
</td><td>
{{int:Nstab-user}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-wp&action=edit nstab-wp]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-wp|Talk]]
</td><td>
About
</td><td>
{{int:Nstab-wp}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Nviews|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1 views
</td><td>
{{int:Nviews}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ok|Talk]]
</td><td>
OK
</td><td>
{{int:Ok}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Oldpassword|Talk]]
</td><td>
Old password
</td><td>
{{int:Oldpassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Orig|Talk]]
</td><td>
orig
</td><td>
{{int:Orig}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Orphans|Talk]]
</td><td>
Orphaned pages
</td><td>
{{int:Orphans}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Othercontribs&action=edit othercontribs]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Othercontribs|Talk]]
</td><td>
Based on work by $1.
</td><td>
{{int:Othercontribs}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Otherlanguages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Other languages
</td><td>
{{int:Otherlanguages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedsub|Talk]]
</td><td>
Move succeeded
</td><td>
{{int:Pagemovedsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]".
</td><td>
{{int:Pagemovedtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagetitle&action=edit pagetitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Pagetitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1 - Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{int:Pagetitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Someone (probably you, from IP address $1)
requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password.
The password for user "$2" is now "$3".
You should log in and change your password now.
</td><td>
{{int:Passwordremindertext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Password reminder from Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{int:Passwordremindertitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordsent|Talk]]
</td><td>
A new password has been sent to the e-mail address
registered for "$1".
Please log in again after you receive it.
</td><td>
{{int:Passwordsent}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfcached&action=edit perfcached]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Perfcached|Talk]]
</td><td>
The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date:
</td><td>
{{int:Perfcached}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabled|Talk]]
</td><td>
Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled
because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use
the wiki.
</td><td>
{{int:Perfdisabled}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabledsub|Talk]]
</td><td>
Here's a saved copy from $1:
</td><td>
{{int:Perfdisabledsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Personaltools&action=edit personaltools]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Personaltools|Talk]]
</td><td>
Personal tools
</td><td>
{{int:Personaltools}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Popularpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Popular pages
</td><td>
{{int:Popularpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal&action=edit portal]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Portal|Talk]]
</td><td>
Community portal
</td><td>
{{int:Portal}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal-url&action=edit portal-url]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Portal-url|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Community Portal
</td><td>
{{int:Portal-url}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Postcomment|Talk]]
</td><td>
Post a comment
</td><td>
{{int:Postcomment}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Poweredby&action=edit poweredby]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Poweredby|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine.
</td><td>
{{int:Poweredby}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearch|Talk]]
</td><td>
Search
</td><td>
{{int:Powersearch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearchtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Search in namespaces :<br />
$1<br />
$2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9
</td><td>
{{int:Powersearchtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Preferences|Talk]]
</td><td>
Preferences
</td><td>
{{int:Preferences}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-help-userdata&action=edit prefs-help-userdata]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-help-userdata|Talk]]
</td><td>
* <strong>Real name</strong> (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.<br/>
* <strong>Email</strong> (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your
email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.
</td><td>
{{int:Prefs-help-userdata}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-misc&action=edit prefs-misc]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-misc|Talk]]
</td><td>
Misc settings
</td><td>
{{int:Prefs-misc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-personal&action=edit prefs-personal]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-personal|Talk]]
</td><td>
User data
</td><td>
{{int:Prefs-personal}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-rc&action=edit prefs-rc]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-rc|Talk]]
</td><td>
Recent changes and stub display
</td><td>
{{int:Prefs-rc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Prefslogintext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You are logged in as "$1".
Your internal ID number is $2.
See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options.
</td><td>
{{int:Prefslogintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologin|Talk]]
</td><td>
Not logged in
</td><td>
{{int:Prefsnologin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologintext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a>
to set user preferences.
</td><td>
{{int:Prefsnologintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsreset|Talk]]
</td><td>
Preferences have been reset from storage.
</td><td>
{{int:Prefsreset}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Preview|Talk]]
</td><td>
Preview
</td><td>
{{int:Preview}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Previewconflict|Talk]]
</td><td>
This preview reflects the text in the upper
text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save.
</td><td>
{{int:Previewconflict}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Previewnote|Talk]]
</td><td>
Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved!
</td><td>
{{int:Previewnote}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Prevn|Talk]]
</td><td>
previous $1
</td><td>
{{int:Prevn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Printableversion|Talk]]
</td><td>
Printable version
</td><td>
{{int:Printableversion}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Printsubtitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
(From http://tk.wikipedia.org)
</td><td>
{{int:Printsubtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protect&action=edit protect]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protect|Talk]]
</td><td>
Protect
</td><td>
{{int:Protect}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectcomment&action=edit protectcomment]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectcomment|Talk]]
</td><td>
Reason for protecting
</td><td>
{{int:Protectcomment}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedarticle|Talk]]
</td><td>
protected [[$1]]
</td><td>
{{int:Protectedarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Protected page
</td><td>
{{int:Protectedpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpagewarning|Talk]]
</td><td>
WARNING: This page has been locked so that only
users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the
<a href='/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page
guidelines</a>.
</td><td>
{{int:Protectedpagewarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are
a number of reasons why this may be so, please see
[[Wikipedia:Protected page]].
You can view and copy the source of this page:
</td><td>
{{int:Protectedtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Protection_log
</td><td>
{{int:Protectlogpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Below is a list of page locks/unlocks.
See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information.
</td><td>
{{int:Protectlogtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Protect page
</td><td>
{{int:Protectpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectreason&action=edit protectreason]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectreason|Talk]]
</td><td>
(give a reason)
</td><td>
{{int:Protectreason}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectsub&action=edit protectsub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectsub|Talk]]
</td><td>
(Protecting "$1")
</td><td>
{{int:Protectsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Protectthispage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Protect this page
</td><td>
{{int:Protectthispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocker&action=edit proxyblocker]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocker|Talk]]
</td><td>
Proxy blocker
</td><td>
{{int:Proxyblocker}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblockreason&action=edit proxyblockreason]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblockreason|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem.
</td><td>
{{int:Proxyblockreason}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocksuccess&action=edit proxyblocksuccess]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocksuccess|Talk]]
</td><td>
Done.
</td><td>
{{int:Proxyblocksuccess}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Qbbrowse|Talk]]
</td><td>
Browse
</td><td>
{{int:Qbbrowse}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Qbedit|Talk]]
</td><td>
Edit
</td><td>
{{int:Qbedit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Qbfind|Talk]]
</td><td>
Find
</td><td>
{{int:Qbfind}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Qbmyoptions|Talk]]
</td><td>
My pages
</td><td>
{{int:Qbmyoptions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageinfo|Talk]]
</td><td>
Context
</td><td>
{{int:Qbpageinfo}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageoptions|Talk]]
</td><td>
This page
</td><td>
{{int:Qbpageoptions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Qbsettings|Talk]]
</td><td>
Quickbar settings
</td><td>
{{int:Qbsettings}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Qbspecialpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Special pages
</td><td>
{{int:Qbspecialpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Querybtn|Talk]]
</td><td>
Submit query
</td><td>
{{int:Querybtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Querysuccessful|Talk]]
</td><td>
Query successful
</td><td>
{{int:Querysuccessful}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Randompage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Random page
</td><td>
{{int:Randompage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Range_block_disabled|Talk]]
</td><td>
The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled.
</td><td>
{{int:Range_block_disabled}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rchide|Talk]]
</td><td>
in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits.
</td><td>
{{int:Rchide}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rclinks|Talk]]
</td><td>
Show last $1 changes in last $2 days<br />$3
</td><td>
{{int:Rclinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rclistfrom|Talk]]
</td><td>
Show new changes starting from $1
</td><td>
{{int:Rclistfrom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rcliu|Talk]]
</td><td>
; $1 edits from logged in users
</td><td>
{{int:Rcliu}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rcloaderr|Talk]]
</td><td>
Loading recent changes
</td><td>
{{int:Rcloaderr}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rclsub|Talk]]
</td><td>
(to pages linked from "$1")
</td><td>
{{int:Rclsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnote|Talk]]
</td><td>
Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in last <strong>$2</strong> days.
</td><td>
{{int:Rcnote}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnotefrom|Talk]]
</td><td>
Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown).
</td><td>
{{int:Rcnotefrom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Readonly|Talk]]
</td><td>
Database locked
</td><td>
{{int:Readonly}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlytext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The database is currently locked to new
entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance,
after which it will be back to normal.
The administrator who locked it offered this explanation:
<p>$1
</td><td>
{{int:Readonlytext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlywarning|Talk]]
</td><td>
WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance,
so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste
the text into a text file and save it for later.
</td><td>
{{int:Readonlywarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchanges|Talk]]
</td><td>
Recent changes
</td><td>
{{int:Recentchanges}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangescount|Talk]]
</td><td>
Number of titles in recent changes
</td><td>
{{int:Recentchangescount}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangeslinked|Talk]]
</td><td>
Related changes
</td><td>
{{int:Recentchangeslinked}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangestext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page.
</td><td>
{{int:Recentchangestext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Redirectedfrom|Talk]]
</td><td>
(Redirected from $1)
</td><td>
{{int:Redirectedfrom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Remembermypassword|Talk]]
</td><td>
Remember my password across sessions.
</td><td>
{{int:Remembermypassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Removechecked|Talk]]
</td><td>
Remove checked items from watchlist
</td><td>
{{int:Removechecked}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatch|Talk]]
</td><td>
Removed from watchlist
</td><td>
{{int:Removedwatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatchtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist.
</td><td>
{{int:Removedwatchtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Removingchecked|Talk]]
</td><td>
Removing requested items from watchlist...
</td><td>
{{int:Removingchecked}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Resetprefs|Talk]]
</td><td>
Reset preferences
</td><td>
{{int:Resetprefs}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Restorelink|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1 deleted edits
</td><td>
{{int:Restorelink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Resultsperpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Hits to show per page
</td><td>
{{int:Resultsperpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Retrievedfrom|Talk]]
</td><td>
Retrieved from "$1"
</td><td>
{{int:Retrievedfrom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Returnto|Talk]]
</td><td>
Return to $1.
</td><td>
{{int:Returnto}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Retypenew|Talk]]
</td><td>
Retype new password
</td><td>
{{int:Retypenew}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Reupload|Talk]]
</td><td>
Re-upload
</td><td>
{{int:Reupload}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Reuploaddesc|Talk]]
</td><td>
Return to the upload form.
</td><td>
{{int:Reuploaddesc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Reverted|Talk]]
</td><td>
Reverted to earlier revision
</td><td>
{{int:Reverted}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Revertimg|Talk]]
</td><td>
rev
</td><td>
{{int:Revertimg}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Revertpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1
</td><td>
{{int:Revertpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Revhistory|Talk]]
</td><td>
Revision history
</td><td>
{{int:Revhistory}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Revisionasof|Talk]]
</td><td>
Revision as of $1
</td><td>
{{int:Revisionasof}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfound|Talk]]
</td><td>
Revision not found
</td><td>
{{int:Revnotfound}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfoundtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found.
Please check the URL you used to access this page.
</td><td>
{{int:Revnotfoundtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rfcurl&action=edit rfcurl]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rfcurl|Talk]]
</td><td>
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html
</td><td>
{{int:Rfcurl}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rights&action=edit rights]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rights|Talk]]
</td><td>
Rights:
</td><td>
{{int:Rights}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback|Talk]]
</td><td>
Roll back edits
</td><td>
{{int:Rollback}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback_short&action=edit rollback_short]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback_short|Talk]]
</td><td>
Rollback
</td><td>
{{int:Rollback_short}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbackfailed|Talk]]
</td><td>
Rollback failed
</td><td>
{{int:Rollbackfailed}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbacklink|Talk]]
</td><td>
rollback
</td><td>
{{int:Rollbacklink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Rows|Talk]]
</td><td>
Rows
</td><td>
{{int:Rows}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Savearticle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Save page
</td><td>
{{int:Savearticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Savedprefs|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your preferences have been saved.
</td><td>
{{int:Savedprefs}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Savefile|Talk]]
</td><td>
Save file
</td><td>
{{int:Savefile}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Saveprefs|Talk]]
</td><td>
Save preferences
</td><td>
{{int:Saveprefs}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Search|Talk]]
</td><td>
Search
</td><td>
{{int:Search}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Searchdisabled|Talk]]
</td><td>
<p>Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.</p>
</td><td>
{{int:Searchdisabled}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Searchhelppage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia:Searching
</td><td>
{{int:Searchhelppage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Searchingwikipedia|Talk]]
</td><td>
Searching Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{int:Searchingwikipedia}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Searchquery|Talk]]
</td><td>
For query "$1"
</td><td>
{{int:Searchquery}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresults|Talk]]
</td><td>
Search results
</td><td>
{{int:Searchresults}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresultshead|Talk]]
</td><td>
Search result settings
</td><td>
{{int:Searchresultshead}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresulttext|Talk]]
</td><td>
For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1.
</td><td>
{{int:Searchresulttext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sectionedit|Talk]]
</td><td>
(section)
</td><td>
{{int:Sectionedit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectnewerversionfordiff&action=edit selectnewerversionfordiff]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Selectnewerversionfordiff|Talk]]
</td><td>
Select a newer version for comparison
</td><td>
{{int:Selectnewerversionfordiff}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectolderversionfordiff&action=edit selectolderversionfordiff]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Selectolderversionfordiff|Talk]]
</td><td>
Select an older version for comparison
</td><td>
{{int:Selectolderversionfordiff}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Selectonly|Talk]]
</td><td>
Only read-only queries are allowed.
</td><td>
{{int:Selectonly}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinks|Talk]]
</td><td>
Pages with Self Links
</td><td>
{{int:Selflinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinkstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not.
</td><td>
{{int:Selflinkstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Seriousxhtmlerrors&action=edit seriousxhtmlerrors]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Seriousxhtmlerrors|Talk]]
</td><td>
There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy.
</td><td>
{{int:Seriousxhtmlerrors}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Servertime|Talk]]
</td><td>
Server time is now
</td><td>
{{int:Servertime}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_rights_fail&action=edit set_rights_fail]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Set_rights_fail|Talk]]
</td><td>
<b>User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b>
</td><td>
{{int:Set_rights_fail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_user_rights&action=edit set_user_rights]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Set_user_rights|Talk]]
</td><td>
Set user rights
</td><td>
{{int:Set_user_rights}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Setbureaucratflag|Talk]]
</td><td>
Set bureaucrat flag
</td><td>
{{int:Setbureaucratflag}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Shortpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Short pages
</td><td>
{{int:Shortpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Show|Talk]]
</td><td>
show
</td><td>
{{int:Show}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Showhideminor|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users
</td><td>
{{int:Showhideminor}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresults|Talk]]
</td><td>
Showing below <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>.
</td><td>
{{int:Showingresults}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresultsnum|Talk]]
</td><td>
Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>.
</td><td>
{{int:Showingresultsnum}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Showlast|Talk]]
</td><td>
Show last $1 images sorted $2.
</td><td>
{{int:Showlast}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Showpreview|Talk]]
</td><td>
Show preview
</td><td>
{{int:Showpreview}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Showtoc|Talk]]
</td><td>
show
</td><td>
{{int:Showtoc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sig_tip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your signature with timestamp
</td><td>
{{int:Sig_tip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestats|Talk]]
</td><td>
Site statistics
</td><td>
{{int:Sitestats}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestatstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
There are '''$1''' total pages in the database.
This includes "talk" pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal "stub"
pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages.
Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate
content pages.
There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits
since the wiki was setup.
That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit.
</td><td>
{{int:Sitestatstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesubtitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
The Free Encyclopedia
</td><td>
{{int:Sitesubtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesupport|Talk]]
</td><td>
Donations
</td><td>
{{int:Sitesupport}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sitetitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{int:Sitetitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteuser&action=edit siteuser]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Siteuser|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia user $1
</td><td>
{{int:Siteuser}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteusers&action=edit siteusers]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Siteusers|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia user(s) $1
</td><td>
{{int:Siteusers}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Skin|Talk]]
</td><td>
Skin
</td><td>
{{int:Skin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext&action=edit spamprotectiontext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Spamprotectiontext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site.
You might want to check the following regular expression for patterns that are currently blocked:
</td><td>
{{int:Spamprotectiontext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontitle&action=edit spamprotectiontitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Spamprotectiontitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Spam protection filter
</td><td>
{{int:Spamprotectiontitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpage&action=edit specialpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Special Page
</td><td>
{{int:Specialpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Special pages
</td><td>
{{int:Specialpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Spheading|Talk]]
</td><td>
Special pages for all users
</td><td>
{{int:Spheading}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlislogged|Talk]]
</td><td>
Please note that all queries are logged.
</td><td>
{{int:Sqlislogged}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlquery|Talk]]
</td><td>
Enter query
</td><td>
{{int:Sqlquery}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Statistics|Talk]]
</td><td>
Statistics
</td><td>
{{int:Statistics}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Storedversion|Talk]]
</td><td>
Stored version
</td><td>
{{int:Storedversion}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Stubthreshold|Talk]]
</td><td>
Threshold for stub display
</td><td>
{{int:Stubthreshold}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Subcategories|Talk]]
</td><td>
Subcategories
</td><td>
{{int:Subcategories}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Subject|Talk]]
</td><td>
Subject/headline
</td><td>
{{int:Subject}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Subjectpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
View subject
</td><td>
{{int:Subjectpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Successfulupload|Talk]]
</td><td>
Successful upload
</td><td>
{{int:Successfulupload}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Summary|Talk]]
</td><td>
Summary
</td><td>
{{int:Summary}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sysopspheading|Talk]]
</td><td>
For sysop use only
</td><td>
{{int:Sysopspheading}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The action you have requested can only be
performed by users with "sysop" status.
See $1.
</td><td>
{{int:Sysoptext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Sysop access required
</td><td>
{{int:Sysoptitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tableform|Talk]]
</td><td>
table
</td><td>
{{int:Tableform}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talk&action=edit talk]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Talk|Talk]]
</td><td>
Discussion
</td><td>
{{int:Talk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Talkexists|Talk]]
</td><td>
The page itself was moved successfully, but the
talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new
title. Please merge them manually.
</td><td>
{{int:Talkexists}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Discuss this page
</td><td>
{{int:Talkpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagemoved|Talk]]
</td><td>
The corresponding talk page was also moved.
</td><td>
{{int:Talkpagemoved}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagenotmoved|Talk]]
</td><td>
The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved.
</td><td>
{{int:Talkpagenotmoved}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagetext&action=edit talkpagetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
<!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext -->
</td><td>
{{int:Talkpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Textboxsize|Talk]]
</td><td>
Textbox dimensions
</td><td>
{{int:Textboxsize}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Textmatches|Talk]]
</td><td>
Page text matches
</td><td>
{{int:Textmatches}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Thisisdeleted|Talk]]
</td><td>
View or restore $1?
</td><td>
{{int:Thisisdeleted}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Thumbnail-more|Talk]]
</td><td>
Enlarge
</td><td>
{{int:Thumbnail-more}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Timezoneoffset|Talk]]
</td><td>
Offset
</td><td>
{{int:Timezoneoffset}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Timezonetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Enter number of hours your local time differs
from server time (UTC).
</td><td>
{{int:Timezonetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Titlematches|Talk]]
</td><td>
Article title matches
</td><td>
{{int:Titlematches}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Toc|Talk]]
</td><td>
Table of contents
</td><td>
{{int:Toc}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toolbox&action=edit toolbox]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Toolbox|Talk]]
</td><td>
Toolbox
</td><td>
{{int:Toolbox}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-addsection&action=edit tooltip-addsection]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-addsection|Talk]]
</td><td>
Add a comment to this page. [alt-+]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-addsection}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anontalk&action=edit tooltip-anontalk]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anontalk|Talk]]
</td><td>
Discussion about edits from this ip address [alt-n]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-anontalk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anonuserpage&action=edit tooltip-anonuserpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anonuserpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
The user page for the ip you're editing as [alt-.]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-anonuserpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-article&action=edit tooltip-article]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-article|Talk]]
</td><td>
View the content page [alt-a]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-article}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-atom&action=edit tooltip-atom]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-atom|Talk]]
</td><td>
Atom feed for this page
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-atom}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-compareselectedversions&action=edit tooltip-compareselectedversions]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-compareselectedversions|Talk]]
</td><td>
See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-compareselectedversions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-contributions&action=edit tooltip-contributions]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-contributions|Talk]]
</td><td>
View the list of contributions of this user
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-contributions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-currentevents&action=edit tooltip-currentevents]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-currentevents|Talk]]
</td><td>
Find background information on current events
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-currentevents}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-delete&action=edit tooltip-delete]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-delete|Talk]]
</td><td>
Delete this page [alt-d]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-delete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-edit&action=edit tooltip-edit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-edit|Talk]]
</td><td>
You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. [alt-e]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-edit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-emailuser&action=edit tooltip-emailuser]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-emailuser|Talk]]
</td><td>
Send a mail to this user
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-emailuser}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-help&action=edit tooltip-help]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-help|Talk]]
</td><td>
The place to find out.
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-help}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-history&action=edit tooltip-history]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-history|Talk]]
</td><td>
Past versions of this page, [alt-h]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-history}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-login&action=edit tooltip-login]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-login|Talk]]
</td><td>
You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. [alt-o]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-login}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-logout&action=edit tooltip-logout]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-logout|Talk]]
</td><td>
Log out [alt-o]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-logout}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mainpage&action=edit tooltip-mainpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mainpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Visit the Main Page [alt-z]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-mainpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-minoredit&action=edit tooltip-minoredit]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-minoredit|Talk]]
</td><td>
Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-minoredit}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-move&action=edit tooltip-move]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-move|Talk]]
</td><td>
Move this page [alt-m]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-move}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mycontris&action=edit tooltip-mycontris]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mycontris|Talk]]
</td><td>
List of my contributions [alt-y]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-mycontris}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mytalk&action=edit tooltip-mytalk]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mytalk|Talk]]
</td><td>
My talk page [alt-n]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-mytalk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-nomove&action=edit tooltip-nomove]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-nomove|Talk]]
</td><td>
You don't have the permissions to move this page
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-nomove}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-portal&action=edit tooltip-portal]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-portal|Talk]]
</td><td>
About the project, what you can do, where to find things
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-portal}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preferences&action=edit tooltip-preferences]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preferences|Talk]]
</td><td>
My preferences
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-preferences}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preview&action=edit tooltip-preview]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preview|Talk]]
</td><td>
Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-preview}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-protect&action=edit tooltip-protect]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-protect|Talk]]
</td><td>
Protect this page [alt-=]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-protect}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-randompage&action=edit tooltip-randompage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-randompage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Load a random page [alt-x]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-randompage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchanges&action=edit tooltip-recentchanges]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchanges|Talk]]
</td><td>
The list of recent changes in the wiki. [alt-r]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-recentchanges}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked&action=edit tooltip-recentchangeslinked]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked|Talk]]
</td><td>
Recent changes in pages linking to this page [alt-c]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-rss&action=edit tooltip-rss]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-rss|Talk]]
</td><td>
RSS feed for this page
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-rss}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-save&action=edit tooltip-save]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-save|Talk]]
</td><td>
Save you changes [alt-s]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-save}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-search&action=edit tooltip-search]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-search|Talk]]
</td><td>
Search this wiki [alt-f]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-search}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-sitesupport&action=edit tooltip-sitesupport]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-sitesupport|Talk]]
</td><td>
Support Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-sitesupport}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpage&action=edit tooltip-specialpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
This is a special page, you can't edit the page itself.
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-specialpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpages&action=edit tooltip-specialpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
List of all special pages [alt-q]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-specialpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-talk&action=edit tooltip-talk]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-talk|Talk]]
</td><td>
Discussion about the content page [alt-t]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-talk}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-undelete&action=edit tooltip-undelete]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-undelete|Talk]]
</td><td>
Restore $1 deleted edits to this page [alt-d]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-undelete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-unwatch&action=edit tooltip-unwatch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-unwatch|Talk]]
</td><td>
Remove this page from your watchlist [alt-w]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-unwatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-upload&action=edit tooltip-upload]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-upload|Talk]]
</td><td>
Upload images or media files [alt-u]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-upload}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-userpage&action=edit tooltip-userpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-userpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
My user page [alt-.]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-userpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-viewsource&action=edit tooltip-viewsource]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-viewsource|Talk]]
</td><td>
This page is protected. You can view it's source. [alt-e]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-viewsource}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watch&action=edit tooltip-watch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watch|Talk]]
</td><td>
Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-watch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watchlist&action=edit tooltip-watchlist]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watchlist|Talk]]
</td><td>
The list of pages you're monitoring for changes. [alt-l]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-watchlist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-whatlinkshere&action=edit tooltip-whatlinkshere]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-whatlinkshere|Talk]]
</td><td>
List of all wiki pages that link here [alt-b]
</td><td>
{{int:Tooltip-whatlinkshere}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uclinks|Talk]]
</td><td>
View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days.
</td><td>
{{int:Uclinks}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Ucnote|Talk]]
</td><td>
Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days.
</td><td>
{{int:Ucnote}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uctop|Talk]]
</td><td>
(top)
</td><td>
{{int:Uctop}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockip|Talk]]
</td><td>
Unblock user
</td><td>
{{int:Unblockip}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockiptext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Use the form below to restore write access
to a previously blocked IP address or username.
</td><td>
{{int:Unblockiptext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklink|Talk]]
</td><td>
unblock
</td><td>
{{int:Unblocklink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklogentry|Talk]]
</td><td>
unblocked "$1"
</td><td>
{{int:Unblocklogentry}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete|Talk]]
</td><td>
Restore deleted page
</td><td>
{{int:Undelete}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete_short&action=edit undelete_short]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete_short|Talk]]
</td><td>
Undelete
</td><td>
{{int:Undelete_short}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletearticle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Restore deleted page
</td><td>
{{int:Undeletearticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletebtn|Talk]]
</td><td>
Restore!
</td><td>
{{int:Undeletebtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedarticle|Talk]]
</td><td>
restored "$1"
</td><td>
{{int:Undeletedarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
[[$1]] has been successfully restored.
See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations.
</td><td>
{{int:Undeletedtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletehistory|Talk]]
</td><td>
If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history.
If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored
revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page
will not be automatically replaced.
</td><td>
{{int:Undeletehistory}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepage|Talk]]
</td><td>
View and restore deleted pages
</td><td>
{{int:Undeletepage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepagetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and
can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out.
</td><td>
{{int:Undeletepagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevision|Talk]]
</td><td>
Deleted revision as of $1
</td><td>
{{int:Undeleterevision}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevisions|Talk]]
</td><td>
$1 revisions archived
</td><td>
{{int:Undeleterevisions}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unexpected|Talk]]
</td><td>
Unexpected value: "$1"="$2".
</td><td>
{{int:Unexpected}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockbtn|Talk]]
</td><td>
Unlock database
</td><td>
{{int:Unlockbtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockconfirm|Talk]]
</td><td>
Yes, I really want to unlock the database.
</td><td>
{{int:Unlockconfirm}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdb|Talk]]
</td><td>
Unlock database
</td><td>
{{int:Unlockdb}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesssub|Talk]]
</td><td>
Database lock removed
</td><td>
{{int:Unlockdbsuccesssub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
The database has been unlocked.
</td><td>
{{int:Unlockdbsuccesstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all
users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and
other things requiring changes in the database.
Please confirm that this is what you intend to do.
</td><td>
{{int:Unlockdbtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotect&action=edit unprotect]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotect|Talk]]
</td><td>
Unprotect
</td><td>
{{int:Unprotect}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectcomment&action=edit unprotectcomment]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectcomment|Talk]]
</td><td>
Reason for unprotecting
</td><td>
{{int:Unprotectcomment}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectedarticle|Talk]]
</td><td>
unprotected [[$1]]
</td><td>
{{int:Unprotectedarticle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectsub&action=edit unprotectsub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectsub|Talk]]
</td><td>
(Unprotecting "$1")
</td><td>
{{int:Unprotectsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectthispage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Unprotect this page
</td><td>
{{int:Unprotectthispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Unused images
</td><td>
{{int:Unusedimages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimagestext|Talk]]
</td><td>
<p>Please note that other web sites may link to an image with
a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being
in active use.
</td><td>
{{int:Unusedimagestext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatch&action=edit unwatch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatch|Talk]]
</td><td>
Unwatch
</td><td>
{{int:Unwatch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatchthispage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Stop watching
</td><td>
{{int:Unwatchthispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Updated|Talk]]
</td><td>
(Updated)
</td><td>
{{int:Updated}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Upload|Talk]]
</td><td>
Upload file
</td><td>
{{int:Upload}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadbtn|Talk]]
</td><td>
Upload file
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadbtn}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaddisabled|Talk]]
</td><td>
Sorry, uploading is disabled.
</td><td>
{{int:Uploaddisabled}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedfiles|Talk]]
</td><td>
Uploaded files
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadedfiles}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedimage|Talk]]
</td><td>
uploaded "$1"
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadedimage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaderror|Talk]]
</td><td>
Upload error
</td><td>
{{int:Uploaderror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadfile|Talk]]
</td><td>
Upload images, sounds, documents etc.
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadfile}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlink|Talk]]
</td><td>
Upload images
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadlink}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlog|Talk]]
</td><td>
upload log
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadlog}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Upload_log
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadlogpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpagetext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Below is a list of the most recent file uploads.
All times shown are server time (UTC).
<ul>
</ul>
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadlogpagetext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologin|Talk]]
</td><td>
Not logged in
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadnologin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologintext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a>
to upload files.
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadnologintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
<strong>STOP!</strong> Before you upload here,
make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>.
<p>If a file with the name you are specifying already
exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning.
So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea
to first check if such a file exists.
<p>To view or search previously uploaded images,
go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>.
Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>.
</p><p>Use the form below to upload new image files for use in
illustrating your pages.
On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will
bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog.
Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text
field next to the button.
You must also check the box affirming that you are not
violating any copyrights by uploading the file.
Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload.
This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection.
<p>The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG
for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds.
Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion.
To include the image in a page, use a link in the form
<b>[[Image:file.jpg]]</b> or <b>[[Image:file.ogg]]</b> for sounds.
<p>Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or
delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and
you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system.
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadwarning|Talk]]
</td><td>
Upload warning
</td><td>
{{int:Uploadwarning}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:User_rights_set&action=edit user_rights_set]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:User_rights_set|Talk]]
</td><td>
<b>User rights for "$1" updated</b>
</td><td>
{{int:User_rights_set}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjs&action=edit usercssjs]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjs|Talk]]
</td><td>
'''Note:''' After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: '''Mozilla:''' click ''reload''(or ''ctrl-r''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''ctrl-f5'', '''Safari:''' ''cmd-r'', '''Konqueror''' ''ctrl-r''.
</td><td>
{{int:Usercssjs}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjsyoucanpreview&action=edit usercssjsyoucanpreview]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjsyoucanpreview|Talk]]
</td><td>
<strong>Tip:</strong> Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new css/js before saving.
</td><td>
{{int:Usercssjsyoucanpreview}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercsspreview&action=edit usercsspreview]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Usercsspreview|Talk]]
</td><td>
'''Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!'''
</td><td>
{{int:Usercsspreview}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Userexists|Talk]]
</td><td>
The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name.
</td><td>
{{int:Userexists}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userjspreview&action=edit userjspreview]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Userjspreview|Talk]]
</td><td>
'''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!'''
</td><td>
{{int:Userjspreview}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogin|Talk]]
</td><td>
Log in
</td><td>
{{int:Userlogin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogout|Talk]]
</td><td>
Log out
</td><td>
{{int:Userlogout}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usermailererror&action=edit usermailererror]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Usermailererror|Talk]]
</td><td>
Mail object returned error:
</td><td>
{{int:Usermailererror}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Userpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
View user page
</td><td>
{{int:Userpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Userstats|Talk]]
</td><td>
User statistics
</td><td>
{{int:Userstats}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Userstatstext|Talk]]
</td><td>
There are '''$1''' registered users.
'''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3).
</td><td>
{{int:Userstatstext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Version|Talk]]
</td><td>
Version
</td><td>
{{int:Version}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Viewcount|Talk]]
</td><td>
This page has been accessed $1 times.
</td><td>
{{int:Viewcount}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Viewprevnext|Talk]]
</td><td>
View ($1) ($2) ($3).
</td><td>
{{int:Viewprevnext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Viewsource|Talk]]
</td><td>
View source
</td><td>
{{int:Viewsource}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Viewtalkpage|Talk]]
</td><td>
View discussion
</td><td>
{{int:Viewtalkpage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Wantedpages|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wanted pages
</td><td>
{{int:Wantedpages}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watch&action=edit watch]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watch|Talk]]
</td><td>
Watch
</td><td>
{{int:Watch}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchdetails|Talk]]
</td><td>
($1 pages watched not counting talk pages;
$2 total pages edited since cutoff;
$3...
<a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.)
</td><td>
{{int:Watchdetails}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watcheditlist|Talk]]
</td><td>
Here's an alphabetical list of your
watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove
from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button
at the bottom of the screen.
</td><td>
{{int:Watcheditlist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlist|Talk]]
</td><td>
My watchlist
</td><td>
{{int:Watchlist}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistcontains|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your watchlist contains $1 pages.
</td><td>
{{int:Watchlistcontains}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistsub|Talk]]
</td><td>
(for user "$1")
</td><td>
{{int:Watchlistsub}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-list|Talk]]
</td><td>
checking watched pages for recent edits
</td><td>
{{int:Watchmethod-list}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-recent|Talk]]
</td><td>
checking recent edits for watched pages
</td><td>
{{int:Watchmethod-recent}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnochange|Talk]]
</td><td>
None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed.
</td><td>
{{int:Watchnochange}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologin|Talk]]
</td><td>
Not logged in
</td><td>
{{int:Watchnologin}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologintext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a>
to modify your watchlist.
</td><td>
{{int:Watchnologintext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthis|Talk]]
</td><td>
Watch this page
</td><td>
{{int:Watchthis}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthispage|Talk]]
</td><td>
Watch this page
</td><td>
{{int:Watchthispage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Welcomecreation|Talk]]
</td><td>
<h2>Welcome, $1!</h2><p>Your account has been created.
Don't forget to change your Wikipedia preferences.
</td><td>
{{int:Welcomecreation}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Whatlinkshere|Talk]]
</td><td>
What links here
</td><td>
{{int:Whatlinkshere}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctext|Talk]]
</td><td>
To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions.
</td><td>
{{int:Whitelistacctext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
You are not allowed to create an account
</td><td>
{{int:Whitelistacctitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit pages.
</td><td>
{{int:Whitelistedittext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Login required to edit
</td><td>
{{int:Whitelistedittitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages.
</td><td>
{{int:Whitelistreadtext}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtitle|Talk]]
</td><td>
Login required to read
</td><td>
{{int:Whitelistreadtitle}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Wikipediapage|Talk]]
</td><td>
View project page
</td><td>
{{int:Wikipediapage}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Wikititlesuffix|Talk]]
</td><td>
Wikipedia
</td><td>
{{int:Wikititlesuffix}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Wlnote|Talk]]
</td><td>
Below are the last $1 changes in the last <b>$2</b> hours.
</td><td>
{{int:Wlnote}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Wlsaved|Talk]]
</td><td>
This is a saved version of your watchlist.
</td><td>
{{int:Wlsaved}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Wlshowlast|Talk]]
</td><td>
Show last $1 hours $2 days $3
</td><td>
{{int:Wlshowlast}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Wrong_wfQuery_params|Talk]]
</td><td>
Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br />
Function: $1<br />
Query: $2
</td><td>
{{int:Wrong_wfQuery_params}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Wrongpassword|Talk]]
</td><td>
The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again.
</td><td>
{{int:Wrongpassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Yourdiff|Talk]]
</td><td>
Differences
</td><td>
{{int:Yourdiff}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Youremail|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your email*
</td><td>
{{int:Youremail}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Yourname|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your user name
</td><td>
{{int:Yourname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Yournick|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your nickname (for signatures)
</td><td>
{{int:Yournick}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpassword|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your password
</td><td>
{{int:Yourpassword}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpasswordagain|Talk]]
</td><td>
Retype password
</td><td>
{{int:Yourpasswordagain}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourrealname&action=edit yourrealname]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Yourrealname|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your real name*
</td><td>
{{int:Yourrealname}}
</td></tr><tr><td>
[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext]<br>
[[MediaWiki_talk:Yourtext|Talk]]
</td><td>
Your text
</td><td>
{{int:Yourtext}}
</td></tr></table>
MediaWiki:All messages
779
3323
2004-06-03T08:27:16Z
Template namespace initialisation script
MediaWiki:All messages moved to Template:All messages
#redirect [[Template:All messages]]
MediaWiki:All system messages
780
3324
2004-06-03T08:27:18Z
Template namespace initialisation script
MediaWiki:All system messages moved to Template:All system messages
#redirect [[Template:All system messages]]
MediaWiki:Gnunote
781
3325
2004-06-03T08:27:18Z
Template namespace initialisation script
MediaWiki:Gnunote moved to Template:Gnunote
#redirect [[Template:Gnunote]]
MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage
782
3326
2004-06-03T08:27:19Z
Template namespace initialisation script
MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage moved to Template:Sitesupportpage
#redirect [[Template:Sitesupportpage]]
Wikipedia:Broken/
783
sysop
3327
2004-08-13T12:56:06Z
24.29.135.164
<table>
<tr><td align="right"><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Allpages&from=Hukuk" title ="Special:Allpages">Hukuk</a></td><td> to </td><td align="left">Telewizor</td></tr>
</table>
Ralph Chubb
784
4952
2005-12-30T01:28:21Z
Ugur Basak
30
Kompýuter Inženerligi
785
5604
2006-05-20T13:42:09Z
217.219.182.98
/* Kesgitleme */
==Kesgitleme==
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/tm_informatikleri Informatika bilen gyzyklanýan türkmenler üçin<br>
http://turkmennet.com Informatika bilen gyzyklanýan türkmenler üçin
<br>
http://www.turkmenstudents.com/Tu Turkmen web portal
Telewizor
786
3330
2004-07-13T15:32:14Z
Balicity
7
==Çeşmeler==
[http://www.turkmentv.com TürkmenTV.Com]
Image:Tkm.zip
788
3332
2004-07-14T08:16:27Z
Parahat
8
Mekan Garaýewiň yazan, NT sistemalary üçin türkmen dili klawýaturasy
Mekan Garaýewiň yazan, NT sistemalary üçin türkmen dili klawýaturasy
Wikipedia:Upload log
789
sysop
3333
2004-07-14T08:16:27Z
Parahat
8
uploaded "Tkm.zip": Mekan Garaýewiň yazan, NT sistemalary üçin türkmen dili klawýaturasy
<ul><li>08:16, 14 Jul 2004 [[User:Parahat|Parahat]] uploaded "[[:Image:Tkm.zip|Tkm.zip]]" <em>(Mekan Garaýewiň yazan, NT sistemalary üçin türkmen dili klawýaturasy)</em></li>
</ul>
Taryh
790
7287
2006-11-14T22:06:15Z
Parahat
8
/* Serediň */
Taryh geçen hem-de öwrenilen wakalar hakynda gürrüň diýmekdir. Şol gürrüň
[[adamzadyň taryhy]] hem-de [[tabigatyň taryhy]] diýip şahalanýar. Taryh bitewiligine
ösýän umumy prosesdir. Onuň ösüşi obýektiw hasiýete eýe bolup, köplenç
adamlaryň isleg-arzuwlaryna garaşsyzlykda dowam edýär. Adamlar ol ösüşi
birneme çaltlaşdyryp ýa-da haýalladyp biler.
Taryh gapma-garşylyklardan dos-doly bolýar. Ol ynsan jemgyýetini düzýän
halklaryň geçmişinden durýan göwrümlilik, ählumumylyk ýaly alamatlar bilen
häsiýetlendirilýär. Gözbaşyny gadymyýetden alyp gaýdýan [Türkmenistanyň
taryhy]-da şol häsiýetlere eýe bolan umumy taryhyň aýrylmaz bölegidir. Her bir
halkyň, her bir ýurduň taryhynyň öz öwrenýän obýekti, özboluşly aýratynlyklary
bilen tapawutlanýandygyny hem aýdyp geçmelidiris. Meselem Türkmenistanyň
taryhy biziň Watanymyzyň territoriýasynda adamzat jemgyýetiniň döreýişini we
ösüşini çuňdan öwrenmekdir.
[[Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy]]nyň aýtmagyna görä türkmeniň taryhy esasy 5 eýýama bölünýär. Şol eýýamlar hakynda has ýakyndan maglumat almak üçin [http://www.ce.metu.edu.tr/~turkmens/5Eyyam/index.htm 5eýýam] sahypasyna gidip görüň.
==Makalalar==
[[Alp Arslan]]<br>
[[GADYMY ÜRGENÇ]]<br>
[[Nusaý galasy]]<br>
[[Änew metjidi]]<br>
[[Mäne bababyň kümmeti]]<br>
[[Sarahs babanyň kümmeti]]<br>
[[Ýartygümmez]]<br>
[[Category:Taryh]]
==Sahypalar==
http://www.taryh.8m.com Türkmenistanyň taryhy ýadygärlikleri
Nusaý galasy
791
7288
2006-11-14T22:07:02Z
Parahat
8
'''GADYMY NUSAÝ'''<br>
Dünýä medeniýetiniň taryhynda Pariýanyň siwilizasiýasyna aýratyn orun degişlidir. Merkezi [[Aşgabad|Aşgabadyň]] golaýyndaky Nusaýda ýerleşip, Günorta Türkmenistanyň daglary, düzlükleri hem-de sähralary onuň sallançagy bolupdyr.Ony döredijiler türkmenleriň gadymy ata-babalarynyň biri bolan dah-parn taýpalary bolupdyr.
B.e. öň IV asyrda grek-makedon goşunlarynyň zarbasy astynda Ahemenitleriň imperiýasy dargapdyr. Aleksandr Makedonskiniň oruntutarlary bolan selewkitleriň döwründe Baktriýa, Parfiýa we Horezm döwletleri döräpdir. B.e. öň III asyrdan b.e. III asyryna çenli 600 ýyla golaý dowam eden Parfiýa döwleti uly imperiýa öwrülip, b.e. I asyryndan başlap Rim imperiýasynyň bäsdeşine öwrülipdir. Özüniň gülläp ösen wagtynda Ortaýer deňzinden Demirgazyk-Günbatar Hindistana çenli ýerleri öz içine alan Parfiýa imperiýasynyň esasy özeni Partawa bolupdyr.
Hut şu ýerde b.e. öň 247-nji ýylda Garagumda ýaşaýan aparn (ýa-da parn) taýpasynyň serdary Arsak Partawy eýeläpdir. Bu ýerdäki selewk satrapy Andragor öldürilipdir. Şondan soň Arsak özüni garaşsyz Parfiýanyň hökümdary diýip yglan edipdir. Parfawnisada Arsakidler neberesiniň mülkleriniň administratiw we ykdysady merkezi gurlupdyr. Köne Nusaýda geçirilen arheologik gazuwlar mahalynda tapylan dokumentler bu galanyň adynyň Mitridatkert bolandygyny kesgitlemäge mümkinçilik berdi. Ol b.e. öň 171-138-nji ýyllarda patyşalyk eden Mitridat I tarapyndan gurdurylypdyr.
Köne Nusaýda demigazyk we günorta atlandyrylýan iki sany arhitektura toplumy bolupdyr. Weýran bolan demirgazyk toplumdan 1948-nji ýylda pil süňkünde (şirmaýydan) edilen meşhur ritonlar tapyldy. Günorta toplumda üç sany desgany - diň şekilli ymaraty, inedördül we tegelek zallary tapawutlandyrmak bolar.
Köne hem-de Täze Nusaý şäherjiklerinde gazuw-agtaryş işleri geçirilende ajaýyp arhitektura, sungat ýadygärlikleri, keramiki gap-gaçlaryň böleklerine ýazylan hojalyk dokumentleriniň deň-taýy bolmadyk arhiwi ýüze çykaryldy.
Parfiýa şalarynyň genji-hazynalary saklanylýan gaznalary köp sanly jaýlardan, eýwanlardan hem-de içerki howlujyklardan ybarat ägirt uly dörtgyraň desga bolupdyr. Gaznalaryň jaýlary gymmatbahaly zatlardan dolan badyna olar petiklenip, özboluşly seýflere öwrülipdirler.
Genji-hazynalaryň saklanylýan gaznasyndan şirmaýydan ýonulyp ýasalan ritonlaryň uly toparynyň ýüze çykarylmagy öz wagtynda asyryň tapyndysy diýlip atlandyryldy. Ritonlar bilen doldurylan tutuş bir otagyň üsti açyldy. Ritonlar şirmaýydan ýonulyp ýasalyp, olaryň käbirleriniň detallary altyn çaýylan bürünçden, sap altyndan we bürnçden taýýarlanypdyr. Ritonlarda dürli kompozisiýaly güberçek gazma nagyşlar ýerleşdirilipir. Ritonlar kentawrlaryň, ýolbarsa çalymdaş grifonlaryň, aýallaryň we ş.m. keşbi bilen bezelipdir.
Bezeg-haşamlarynyň kompozisiýalarynyň sýužet äheňi esasan grek mifologiýasy bilen baglanyşykly bolup, ýöne grek mifleriniň personažlaryna ýerli, parfiýa häsiýeti berlipdir. Ritonlaryň birinde Parfiýa şalygyny esaslandyryjylaryň biriniň şaýylygyň ýüzündäki “skif” eşigine çalymdaş lybasly parfiýaly gabat gelýär. Beýlekileriniň käbirinde bolsa garamaýak parfiýalylary görýäris.
Gaznadan altyn çaylan gündogar tipli söweşjeň altyn paltajyk, ikiýüzli gysga gamalar, demir sowudyň bölekleri ýaly şa ýaraglarynyň görnüşleri hem tapyldy. Şanyň baýramçylyk galkany-da ussatlarça taýýarlanyp, kaşaň bezelipdir.
[[Category:Taryh]]
MediaWiki:1movedto2 redir
794
sysop
4550
2005-11-09T23:20:41Z
MediaWiki default
[[$1]] moved to [[$2]] over redirect
MediaWiki:Monobook.css
795
sysop
5934
2006-07-01T19:13:02Z
MediaWiki default
/* CSS placed here will affect users of the Monobook skin */
MediaWiki:Monobook.js
796
sysop
6456
2006-08-31T19:29:08Z
MediaWiki default
/* tooltips and access keys */
var ta = new Object();
ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page');
ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as');
ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page');
ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address');
ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences');
ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.');
ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions');
ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.');
ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.');
ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out');
ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page');
ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.');
ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.');
ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.');
ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.');
ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page');
ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page');
ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted');
ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page');
ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist');
ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist');
ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki');
ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page');
ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page');
ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things');
ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events');
ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.');
ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page');
ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.');
ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us');
ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here');
ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page');
ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page');
ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page');
ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user');
ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user');
ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files');
ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages');
ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page');
ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page');
ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page');
ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.');
ta['ca-nstab-project'] = new Array('a','View the project page');
ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page');
ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message');
ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template');
ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page');
ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page');
MediaWiki:Aboutsite
797
sysop
3341
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
About {{SITENAME}}
MediaWiki:Acct creation throttle hit
798
sysop
3342
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Sorry, you have already created $1 accounts. You can't make any more.
MediaWiki:Addgroup
799
sysop
3343
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Add Group
MediaWiki:Allarticles
800
sysop
3344
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
All articles
MediaWiki:Alllogstext
801
sysop
3345
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Combined display of upload, deletion, protection, blocking, and sysop logs.
You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the user name, or the affected page.
MediaWiki:AllmessagesnotsupportedDB
802
sysop
5940
2006-07-01T19:13:02Z
MediaWiki default
'''Special:Allmessages''' cannot be used because '''$wgUseDatabaseMessages''' is switched off.
MediaWiki:AllmessagesnotsupportedUI
803
sysop
5941
2006-07-01T19:13:02Z
MediaWiki default
Your current interface language <b>$1</b> is not supported by Special:Allmessages at this site.
MediaWiki:Allpagesformtext1
804
sysop
3348
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Display pages starting at: $1
MediaWiki:Allpagesformtext2
805
sysop
3349
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Choose namespace: $1 $2
MediaWiki:Allpagesnamespace
806
sysop
3350
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
All pages ($1 namespace)
MediaWiki:Allpagesnext
807
sysop
3351
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Next
MediaWiki:Allpagesprev
808
sysop
3352
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Previous
MediaWiki:Allpagessubmit
809
sysop
3353
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Go
MediaWiki:Apr
810
sysop
3354
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Apr
MediaWiki:April
811
sysop
3355
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
April
MediaWiki:Articlenamespace
812
sysop
3356
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
(articles)
MediaWiki:Asksqlpheading
813
sysop
3357
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
asksql level
MediaWiki:Aug
814
sysop
3358
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Aug
MediaWiki:August
815
sysop
3359
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
August
MediaWiki:Block compress delete
816
sysop
3360
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Can't delete this article because it contains block-compressed revisions.
This is a temporary situation which the developers are well aware of, and should be fixed within a month or two.
Please mark the article for deletion and wait for a developer to fix our buggy software.
MediaWiki:Blockpheading
817
sysop
3361
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
block level
MediaWiki:Categoriespagetext
818
sysop
3362
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
The following categories exist in the wiki.
MediaWiki:Categoryarticlecount
819
sysop
5954
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
There {{PLURAL:$1|is one article|are $1 articles}} in this category.
MediaWiki:Categoryarticlecount1
820
sysop
3364
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
There is $1 article in this category.
MediaWiki:Clearyourcache
821
sysop
5957
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
'''Note:''' After saving, you may have to bypass your browser's cache to see the changes. '''Mozilla / Firefox / Safari:''' hold down ''Shift'' while clicking ''Reload'', or press ''Ctrl-Shift-R'' (''Cmd-Shift-R'' on Apple Mac); '''IE:''' hold ''Ctrl'' while clicking ''Refresh'', or press ''Ctrl-F5''; '''Konqueror:''': simply click the ''Reload'' button, or press ''F5''; '''Opera''' users may need to completely clear their cache in ''Tools→Preferences''.
MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning2
822
sysop
4882
2005-12-22T07:45:12Z
MediaWiki default
Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then don't submit it here.<br />
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a
public domain or similar free resource (see $1 for details).
<strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong>
MediaWiki:Createaccountpheading
823
sysop
3367
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
createaccount level
MediaWiki:Creditspage
824
sysop
3368
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Page credits
MediaWiki:Currentevents-url
825
sysop
3369
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Current events
MediaWiki:Currentrevisionlink
826
sysop
5961
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
Current revision
MediaWiki:Data
827
sysop
3371
2005-06-25T11:27:21Z
MediaWiki default
Data
MediaWiki:Dec
828
sysop
3372
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Dec
MediaWiki:December
829
sysop
3373
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
December
MediaWiki:Default
830
sysop
3374
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
default
MediaWiki:Deletedrevision
831
sysop
3375
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Deleted old revision $1.
MediaWiki:Deleteimgcompletely
832
sysop
4165
2005-07-29T11:15:42Z
MediaWiki default
Delete all revisions of this file
MediaWiki:Deletepheading
833
sysop
3377
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
delete level
MediaWiki:Editgroup
834
sysop
3378
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Edit Group
MediaWiki:Editingcomment
835
sysop
3379
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Editing $1 (comment)
MediaWiki:Editingsection
836
sysop
3380
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Editing $1 (section)
MediaWiki:Editusergroup
837
sysop
3381
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Edit User Groups
MediaWiki:Emptyfile
838
sysop
3382
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The file you uploaded seems to be empty. This might be due to a typo in the file name. Please check whether you really want to upload this file.
MediaWiki:Feb
839
sysop
3383
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Feb
MediaWiki:February
840
sysop
3384
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
February
MediaWiki:Fileexists
841
sysop
3385
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
A file with this name exists already, please check $1 if you are not sure if you want to change it.
MediaWiki:Filemissing
842
sysop
3386
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
File missing
MediaWiki:Friday
843
sysop
3387
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Friday
MediaWiki:Geo
844
sysop
3388
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
GEO coordinates
MediaWiki:History copyright
845
sysop
3389
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
-
MediaWiki:Illegalfilename
846
sysop
3390
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The filename "$1" contains characters that are not allowed in page titles. Please rename the file and try uploading it again.
MediaWiki:Imagemaxsize
847
sysop
5361
2006-02-26T02:09:51Z
MediaWiki default
Limit images on image description pages to:
MediaWiki:Info short
848
sysop
3392
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Information
MediaWiki:Infosubtitle
849
sysop
3393
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Information for page
MediaWiki:Jan
850
sysop
3394
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Jan
MediaWiki:January
851
sysop
3395
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
January
MediaWiki:Jul
852
sysop
3396
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Jul
MediaWiki:July
853
sysop
3397
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
July
MediaWiki:Jun
854
sysop
3398
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Jun
MediaWiki:June
855
sysop
3399
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
June
MediaWiki:Listadmins
856
sysop
3400
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Admins list
MediaWiki:Listingcontinuesabbrev
857
sysop
3401
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
cont.
MediaWiki:Log
858
sysop
3402
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Logs
MediaWiki:Mar
859
sysop
3403
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Mar
MediaWiki:March
860
sysop
3404
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
March
MediaWiki:Markaspatrolleddiff
861
sysop
3405
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Mark as patrolled
MediaWiki:Markaspatrolledlink
862
sysop
3991
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
[$1]
MediaWiki:Markaspatrolledtext
863
sysop
3407
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Mark this article as patrolled
MediaWiki:Markedaspatrolled
864
sysop
3408
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Marked as patrolled
MediaWiki:Markedaspatrolledtext
865
sysop
3409
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The selected revision has been marked as patrolled.
MediaWiki:May
866
sysop
3410
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
May
MediaWiki:May long
867
sysop
3411
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
May
MediaWiki:Monday
868
sysop
3412
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Monday
MediaWiki:Mw math html
869
sysop
3413
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
HTML if possible or else PNG
MediaWiki:Mw math mathml
870
sysop
3414
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
MathML if possible (experimental)
MediaWiki:Mw math modern
871
sysop
3415
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Recommended for modern browsers
MediaWiki:Mw math png
872
sysop
3416
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Always render PNG
MediaWiki:Mw math simple
873
sysop
3417
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
HTML if very simple or else PNG
MediaWiki:Mw math source
874
sysop
3418
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Leave it as TeX (for text browsers)
MediaWiki:Newbies
875
sysop
3419
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
newbies
MediaWiki:Newimages
876
sysop
4187
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
Gallery of new files
MediaWiki:Newwindow
877
sysop
3421
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
(opens in new window)
MediaWiki:Nextdiff
878
sysop
4336
2005-08-19T23:42:46Z
MediaWiki default
Next diff →
MediaWiki:Nextpage
879
sysop
3423
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Next page ($1)
MediaWiki:Nextrevision
880
sysop
4337
2005-08-19T23:42:46Z
MediaWiki default
Newer revision→
MediaWiki:Nocredits
881
sysop
3425
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
There is no credits info available for this page.
MediaWiki:Noimages
882
sysop
3426
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Nothing to see.
MediaWiki:Nonunicodebrowser
883
sysop
4189
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant. A workaround is in place to allow you to safely edit articles: non-ASCII characters will appear in the edit box as hexadecimal codes.</strong>
MediaWiki:Nosuchusershort
884
sysop
3428
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling.
MediaWiki:Nov
885
sysop
3429
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Nov
MediaWiki:November
886
sysop
3430
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
November
MediaWiki:Numauthors
887
sysop
3431
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Number of distinct authors (article): $1
MediaWiki:Numedits
888
sysop
3432
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Number of edits (article): $1
MediaWiki:Numtalkauthors
889
sysop
3433
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Number of distinct authors (discussion page): $1
MediaWiki:Numtalkedits
890
sysop
3434
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Number of edits (discussion page): $1
MediaWiki:Numwatchers
891
sysop
3435
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Number of watchers: $1
MediaWiki:Oct
892
sysop
3436
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Oct
MediaWiki:October
893
sysop
3437
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
October
MediaWiki:Others
894
sysop
3438
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
others
MediaWiki:Previousdiff
895
sysop
4338
2005-08-19T23:42:47Z
MediaWiki default
← Previous diff
MediaWiki:Previousrevision
896
sysop
4339
2005-08-19T23:42:47Z
MediaWiki default
←Older revision
MediaWiki:Protectmoveonly
897
sysop
3441
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Protect from moves only
MediaWiki:Pubmedurl
898
sysop
3442
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=$1
MediaWiki:Qbsettingsnote
899
sysop
3443
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
This preference only works in the 'Standard' and the 'CologneBlue' skin.
MediaWiki:Randompage-url
900
sysop
4025
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Special:Random
MediaWiki:Rcpatroldisabled
901
sysop
3445
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Recent Changes Patrol disabled
MediaWiki:Rcpatroldisabledtext
902
sysop
3446
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
The Recent Changes Patrol feature is currently disabled.
MediaWiki:Recentchanges-url
903
sysop
3447
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Special:Recentchanges
MediaWiki:Revisionasofwithlink
904
sysop
3448
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Revision as of $1; $2<br />$3 | $4
MediaWiki:Saturday
905
sysop
3449
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Saturday
MediaWiki:Savegroup
906
sysop
3450
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Save Group
MediaWiki:Saveusergroups
907
sysop
3451
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Save User Groups
MediaWiki:Sectionlink
908
sysop
4341
2005-08-19T23:42:47Z
MediaWiki default
→
MediaWiki:Sep
909
sysop
3453
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Sep
MediaWiki:September
910
sysop
3454
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
September
MediaWiki:Sharedupload
911
sysop
4046
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
This file is a shared upload and may be used by other projects.
MediaWiki:Showbigimage
912
sysop
3456
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Download high resolution version ($1x$2, $3 KB)
MediaWiki:Siteadminpheading
913
sysop
3457
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
siteadmin level
MediaWiki:Sitenotice
914
sysop
3458
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
-
MediaWiki:Sitesettings
915
sysop
3459
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Site Settings
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-caching
916
sysop
3460
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Page caching
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-cookies
917
sysop
3461
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Cookies
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-debugging
918
sysop
3462
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Debugging
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-features
919
sysop
3463
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Features
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-images
920
sysop
3464
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Images
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-memcached
921
sysop
3465
2005-06-25T11:27:22Z
MediaWiki default
Memcache Daemon
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-performance
922
sysop
3466
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Performance
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions
923
sysop
3467
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Permissions
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-banning
924
sysop
3468
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
User banning
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-miser
925
sysop
3469
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Performance settings
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-readonly
926
sysop
3470
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Maintenance mode: Disable write access
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-whitelist
927
sysop
3471
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Whitelist mode
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgAllowExternalImages
928
sysop
3472
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Allow to include external images into articles
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgDefaultBlockExpiry
929
sysop
3473
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
By default, blocks expire after:
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgDisableQueryPages
930
sysop
3474
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
When in miser mode, disable all query pages, not only "expensive" ones
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgHitcounterUpdateFreq
931
sysop
3475
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Hit counter update frequency
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgMiserMode
932
sysop
3476
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Enable miser mode, which disables most "expensive" features
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgReadOnly
933
sysop
3477
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Readonly mode
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgReadOnlyFile
934
sysop
3478
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Readonly message file
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgShowIPinHeader
935
sysop
3479
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Show IP in header (for non-logged in users)
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgSysopRangeBans
936
sysop
3480
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Sysops may block IP-ranges
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgSysopUserBans
937
sysop
3481
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Sysops may block logged-in users
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseCategoryBrowser
938
sysop
3482
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Enable experimental dmoz-like category browsing. Outputs things like: Encyclopedia > Music > Style of Music > Jazz
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseCategoryMagic
939
sysop
3483
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Enable categories
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseDatabaseMessages
940
sysop
3484
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Use database messages for user interface labels
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseWatchlistCache
941
sysop
3485
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Generate a watchlist once every hour or so
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWLCacheTimeout
942
sysop
3486
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
The hour or so mentioned above (in seconds):
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistAccount-developer
943
sysop
3487
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Developers may create accounts for users
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistAccount-sysop
944
sysop
3488
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Sysops may create accounts for users
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistAccount-user
945
sysop
3489
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Users may create accounts themself
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistEdit
946
sysop
3490
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Users must be logged in to edit
MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistRead
947
sysop
3491
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Anonymous users may only read these pages:
MediaWiki:Sitesupport-url
948
sysop
3492
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Project:Site support
MediaWiki:Spamprotectionmatch
949
sysop
3493
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
The following text is what triggered our spam filter: $1
MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext
950
sysop
3494
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site.
MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontitle
951
sysop
3495
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Spam protection filter
MediaWiki:Special version postfix
952
sysop
3496
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
MediaWiki:Special version prefix
953
sysop
3497
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
MediaWiki:Subcategorycount
954
sysop
6067
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
There {{PLURAL:$1|is one subcategory|are $1 subcategories}} to this category.
MediaWiki:Subcategorycount1
955
sysop
3499
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
There is $1 subcategory to this category.
MediaWiki:Sunday
956
sysop
3500
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Sunday
MediaWiki:Tagline
957
sysop
3501
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
From {{SITENAME}}
MediaWiki:Templatesused
958
sysop
3502
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Templates used on this page:
MediaWiki:Thursday
959
sysop
3503
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Thursday
MediaWiki:Timezonelegend
960
sysop
3504
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Time zone
MediaWiki:Tog-editondblclick
961
sysop
3505
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Edit pages on double click (JavaScript)
MediaWiki:Tog-editsection
962
sysop
3506
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Enable section editing via [edit] links
MediaWiki:Tog-editsectiononrightclick
963
sysop
3507
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Enable section editing by right clicking<br /> on section titles (JavaScript)
MediaWiki:Tog-editwidth
964
sysop
3508
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Edit box has full width
MediaWiki:Tog-hideminor
965
sysop
3509
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
Hide minor edits in recent changes
MediaWiki:Tog-highlightbroken
966
sysop
3510
2005-06-25T11:27:23Z
MediaWiki default
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2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
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2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
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2005-11-09T23:20:46Z
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2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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Tuesday
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Clear my older validation data
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<tr><th>Class</th>$1<th colspan="4">Opinion</th>$1<th>Comment</th></tr>
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Wednesday
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4140
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Variant
Men nirä düşdüm?
1031
4950
2005-12-30T01:27:35Z
Ugur Basak
30
Hezillik
1032
3576
2005-03-05T09:24:08Z
193.251.135.124
== Sahypalar ==
http://www.eyho.8m.net täzelenenok. emma kän anekdot bar.
[[Eyho!-dan 10 anekdot]]
Görsel sungatlar we dizaýn
1033
3577
2005-03-04T05:37:57Z
193.251.135.123
/* Sahypalar */
==Sahypalar==
http://www.agajan2.8m.com diňe dizaýn barada <br>
http://www.agajan.8m.net agAjandan çekilen suratlar <br>
http://www.suratlar.8m.com kiçiräk suratlar kolleksiýasy <br>
Edebiýat
1034
7997
2006-12-01T19:51:09Z
82.205.146.188
/* Goşgular */
==Sahypalar==
http://www.tkm.8m.net türkmen edebiýaty <br>
http://www.yaprakpress.8m.com/new_page_2.htm «Ýaprak» žurnalynyň baş redaktory Ýusup Gojuk bilen söhbet <br>
http://iatp.edu.tm/akekilov Şahyr Aman Kekilow (rusça) <br>
== Goşgular ==
[[Magtymguly. «Abat galsyn»]]
[[Bash ustune]]
Bilim/Magaryf
1035
6557
2006-09-11T07:02:13Z
193.251.135.126
/* Döwletlerine göra [[Uniwersitet]]ler */
==Döwletlerine göra [[Uniwersitet]]ler==[[Mekdep]]ler==
==Sahypalar==
* http://sozluk.parahat.com türkmen-iňlis we tersine sözlük
* http://tmolympiad.org Turkmensitan Bilim Olimpiyadalary
Turizm
1036
4631
2005-11-12T14:22:39Z
Weli
34
/* Türkmenistanyň şaherleri */
==Sahypalar==
==Türkmenistanyň şaherleri==
[[Baýramaly]]<br>
[[Gumdag]]
Baýramaly
1037
5309
2006-02-05T12:33:04Z
Ugur Basak
30
''Nazar Mämmedow''<p>
'''Ägä boluň! '''<p>
Bu ýerde aýdylan zatlaryň köpüsi hiçbir ensiklopediýada ýada maglumat üýşmeginde ýokdur. Emma bu aýdylan zatlar takyklyk nukdaý nazaryndan seretseň ol ýerdäkileriň hiçbiri bilen deňeşdirip bolmaz. Bularyň hemmesi subýektiw garaýyşlar. Elimden geldigiçe Baýramalynyň esasy aýratynlyklaryny belli etjek boldum. Bu ýerden proektiň awtory Agajana telpegimi çykaryp salam berýärin we oňa işinde üstünlik arzuw edýärin.<p>
'''Taryhy'''<p>
Baýramaly [[Türkmen]] aga özüni bileli bäri oba bolup görmedik şäher. Şonuň üçin hem ol Türkmenistanyň iň taryha baý we gadymy şäherlerinden biri. Meň çagalygymda Merw 2500 diýip, şäheriň 2500 ýyllygyny bellejek bolup ýördüler ýöne bu sany has az görüp soň ol proekt goýbolsun edildi. <p>
Baýramaly esasanda ex-Maru-Şahu-Jahan we gadymy Merw hökmünde ýagny Seljuk Imperiýasynyň paýtagty hökmünde tanalýar. Bu şäherde Seljuklaryň iň soňky Soltany Sanjar ýaşapdyr we işe gatnapdyr. Onuň dünýä belli mawzoleýi şäheriň daşynda ýerleşýär we örän restawrasiýa mätäç. Biz çagakak şäheriň parkyndaky karusel (çertowoýe kolso) işleýärdi we her gezek iň beýik nokada çykanymyzda Soltan Sanjary görmäge höwes ederdik. Bu gubura gitmek üçin taksiçilere „Soltan Sanjara gitjek“ diýmeli, olar hem “Bolýar” diýseler münmeli, bolmasa öz işiň bilen bolubermeli. <p>
Has tapawutlyrak aýratynlygy dini temada; bu esasan hem garaşsyzlykdan soň meşhur boldy. Ol hem şol Soltan Sanjaryň ýakynlarynda Bureýde we Aslami diýip iki sany mukaddes öwlüýaniň guburlarydyr. Bular Muhammet Pygamberiň ýoldaşlary bolup, Yslam dinini ýaýbaňlaşdyrmak maksady bilen bu territoriýalara gelipdirler. Halk bu mukaddes adamlara örän ýokary hormat goýýar. Umuman olaryň ýatan ýerleri halk arasynda “Bureýdalar” diýlip atlandyrylýar we köp merhumlar bu ýerde jaýlanýar. <p>
Mundan başgada bu ýerde halk arasynda Hoja Ýusup Baba diýilýän meşhur musulman alymynyň gubury bar we onuň adyny göterýän metjit bar. Iň soňky gezek gidenimde ol ýerde bir kino düşürülýärdi. Bu ýeri hem halkyň uly hormatyna eýedir. <p>
Şu gürrüňini edýän taryhy kompleksimiň içinde Gyzlar gala diýip uly gala we Oglanlar gala diýip kiçiräk gala bar. Bular barada herhili gürrüňler edilýär edil öz eşdişime görä gadym zamanlarda Oglanlar galadan Gyzlar galasyna ok ýetirip bilenler ol ýerden gyz almaga mynasyp bolýarmyşyn. Bu elbetde rowaýatdyr. <p>
Bulardan başga hem Ahmet Sapançy diýilýän biriniň gubury bar. Herhili mollalaryň we öwlüýäleriň mazary bar. Bularyň hemmesi örän könelen binalar we olar ýykylyp barýan şäher galasynyň içinde ýerleşýärler. Baýramalydan çykyp Lebap tarapa ýola düşeniňde ýada Zähmet tarapa çep tarapda bir uly tamdyr görünýär. Muňa biz Baýramalylylar Hajymeligiň tamdyry diýýäris. Bu gurluş çyndanam äpet bir tamdyra meňzeýär we ulularyň gürrüňine görä öňler onuň körüginden maşynly girip içinden gamyş ýygyp gaýdýan ekenler. Has ulalanymdan soň taryhda munuň ilat tarapyndan buz saklamak üçin ulanylandygyny bilip, erteki şäherde ýaşaýandygym hakyndaky guwanjym ýitip ýok boldy. <p>
Eýsem Baýramaly ady nireden geldi? Men hem bilemok emma bu ýerde Baýramaly diýip bir han ýaşapdyr. Onuň adyny göterýän Baýramalyhangala şäheriň bazarynyň ýanynda ýatyr. <p>
Geçen iki asyrda bolsa bu şäher ak patyşanyň dynç alýan ýeri hökmünde ulanylypdyr we Ýewropa medeniýetinden uşak-düşek edinip galypdyr. Şäher merkezinde häli-häzirem köne Hristiýän ybadathanasyň harabasy beýgelip dur. Köne binalar hem bir ors yzynyň bardygyny mese-mälim görkezýär. Gürrüňlere görä Nikolaýyň gyzy ýaramansoň ol bu şähere aýratyn üns beripdir we owadanlaşdyrypdyr. Şäherde ors ilaty ep-esli bar. <p>
Iň soňky 70 ýylyň gürrüňini hemmämiz bilýäris. Şäherimiziň esasy köçesi ozallar Çkalowdy, Garaşsyzlykdan soň ol Watan köçesi boldy. Gagarin Andalyp boldy, beýle diýsem Gagarin şahyr bolandyr öýdäýmäň, Gagariniň adyny göterýän köçesine indi Andalybyň adyny götermek nobaty geldi diýjek bolýaryn, umuman şeýdip köp zadyň ady üýtgedi. <p>
'''Ilaty'''<p>
Bu şäher örän kozmopolit – köpmilletli. Bu ýerde edil özüm ors nemes, özbek, ýewreý, pars, azerbeýdjan, uýgur, buluç, gazak we türkmen gördüm. Elbetde bularyň sany azlyk emma türkmen tapaýmagam gaty aňsat däl. Bularyň hemmesi bir millet ýaly dost ýaşaýarlar. Türkmenler. Hemmämiziň bilýän türkmenlerimiz. Her tohumdan bar. Toý zat bolsa üýşüp begenýäris. Baýramaly Türkmenistanyň her künjeginden gyz alyp berýär. Şäheriň her ýerinde ýaşaýarlar. Nämüçindir her milletiň öz etmeli işi bar ýaly bolup dur. Meselem gurluşyk we montýor ýaly işlerde işleýän orslary ýaman köp gördüm. Azerbeýdjanlar bolsa, bulara pürsiýan hem diýýärler öýdýän men hiç tapawudyny bilip bilmedim, esasan mal bakyp etini satýarlar; birhili bulara men biznesmen diýýärin. Krasnowostoçnyý diýlen köçede örän köplük bolup, diňe şolar diýseňem boljak. Gowy ýaşaýarlar. Uýgurskaýa diýip bir köçe bardy. Bu ýerde öňler gündogar Türkistandan gelen uýgurlar ýaşaýar. Bular hem türki halklara degişli. Buluçlar umuman garaýagyzrak millet we parslaryň diline meňzeş dilde gepleýärler. Köpüsi türkmençe bilýärler. Şäherde köplük bolup ýaşamaýarlar, ýakynda ýerleşýän obalarda ýaşaýarlar. Rafsanjaniniň adyny göterýän oba diňe buluçlardan emele gelen. Nämüçindir özlerine buluç diýilmegini halamaýarlar. Sögmek diýip düşünýärler. “Özüň buluç” diýseler hem gaty görüp ýörmeli däl. Tatarlar bar, orslar ýalyrak ýaşaýarlar saryýagyz bolýarlar. Ors doganlarymyzy bolsa hemmämiz bilýäris. Ýokarda agzalanlaryň hemmesi garyşyk ýaşaýarlar. <p>
Ilat esasanda döwlet edaralarynda ýagny banklarda, mekdeplerde, zawodlarda (Masložir, Masloprom ýaly) we sanatoriýada işläp pul gazanýar. Baýramalynyň bazarynyň soňky ýyllarda möwç alyp ösýändigine şaýat boldum. Ilat sanyny hiç sanap görmedim emma 30739 we 57812 arasyndadyr diýip çak edýärin. <p>
'''Nirede?'''<p>
Günorta-gündogar Türkmenistanda Marydan 35 kilometr ýalyrak aralykda ýerleşýär. Mary welaýatynda Marydan soň ikinji uly şäher. Bu 4000 müň manatlyk benzine 15 Baýramala baryp bolýar diýmek. Baýramalydan hiç ýerik barman Türkmengala, Ýolötene, Mara we Lebaba gidip bolýar. Marydan Lebaba gitjek bolsaň Baýramalydan geçäýmeli. Baýramalydan 11-de otla münseňiz ertir 9-da Aşgabadyň wokzalynda oýanarsyňyz, elbetde ýolda irkilip bilerin öýtseňiz. Demir, howa we gara ýol bilen Baýramala gelip bolýar. <p>
'''Näme Bar?''' <p>
Baýramalyda bir böwrek sanatoriý bar. GDA-nyň (SNG) içinde meşhur bolupdyr. Örän baglyk ýer bolup, Baýramalynyň merkezinde ýerleşýär we ýaşlaryň duşuşyk ýeri bolup hyzmat edýär. Baýramala girip barýan wagtyňyz uly daşlar bilen Baýramaly kurort şäher diýlen ýazgyny görersiňiz. Bu daşlaryň sebäpkäri şol owadan dynç alyş merkezidir. Ol prezidentimiz Saparmyrat Nyýazowyň adyny göterýär. <p>
Okuw jaýlaryndan halk arasynda Tehnikum diýilýän Agrobiznes mekdebi bar. Oba hojalyk uniwersitetiniň filialy we iki ýylda buhgalteriýa, weterinariýa ýaly ugurlarda hünärmenleri taýýarlaýar. 13 sany dünýewi, 1 sany zehinliler mekdebi we bir sany türkmen-türk mekdebi bar. <p>
Dynç almak üçin restoranlar, diskotekalar we barlar kän. Taryhy zat görmek isleýän we ýanynda surata düşmek üçin owadan bina gözleýänler üçin kän owadan bina ýok. Kinoteatryň daşyny gowy edip reňkläpdirler. Öýlenýänler baky oda gül goýup şol ýerde surata düşýärler. <p>
Uly bazar onuň ýanynda mal bazar bar. Söwda gyzgalaňly gidýär, sebäbi şol töweregiň Nýu Ýorka gitmek üçin ýola çykan halky Baýramala gabat gelip hemme işlerini şol ýerde bitirip bilýär.<p>
Sözsoňy hökmünde <p>
Baýramalyny gürrüňlere sygdyrmak mümkin däl. Bir adamyň gürrüňine sygdyrmaga bolsa synanşyp oturmaly hem däl. Iň gowusy gelip görüň.<p>
Döwlet
1038
5863
2006-06-24T23:55:33Z
Jose77
82
'''Döwlet'''
===Döwletler===
* [[Türkmenistan]]
* [[Äzerbeýjan]]
* [[Belarus]]
* [[Ukraina]]
* [[Horwatiýa]]
* [[Eýran]]
* [[Gazagystan]]
* [[Ghana]]
* [[Ermenistan]] ([[Armeniýa]])
* [[Hytaý]]
* [[Fransiýa]]
* [[Germaniýa]]
* [[Beýik Britaniýa]]
* [[Hindistan]]
* [[Pakystan]]
* [[Rumyniýa]]
* [[Russiýa]]
* [[Günorta Afrika]]
* [[Türkiýe]]
* [[Özbegystan]]
* [[Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlary]] (ABŞ)
* [[Yrak]]
* [[Owganystan]]
* [[Nigeria]]
* [[Mali]]
* ...
===Sahypalar===
http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/ Turkmen dowletinin sahypasy. Orsca
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[als:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]]
[[ar:قائمة الدول]]
[[an:Estatos d'o mundo]]
[[ast:Llista de países]]
[[az:Dünya ölkələri]]
[[bn:সার্বভৌম রাষ্ট্রসমূহের তালিকা]]
[[zh-min-nan:Kok-ka lia̍t-toaⁿ]]
[[be:Сьпіс краінаў і тэрыторыяў паводле альфабэту]]
[[bs:Spisak država]]
[[bg:Списък на страните]]
[[ca:Llista d'estats independents i territoris dependents]]
[[cs:Seznam států světa]]
[[cy:Gwledydd y byd]]
[[da:Verdens lande]]
[[de:Liste unabhängiger Staaten]]
[[en:List of countries]]
[[et:Maailma riikide loend]]
[[el:Κατάλογος χωρών]]
[[es:Portal:Países/Lista alfabética]]
[[eo:Listo de sendependaj ŝtatoj]]
[[fa:فهرست کشورهای جهان]]
[[fr:Liste des pays du monde]]
[[fur:Liste di Stâts dal mont]]
[[gl:Lista de países]]
[[ko:나라 목록]]
[[hi:देशों की सूची]]
[[hr:Popis država]]
[[ilo:Listaan dagiti pagilian ti lubong]]
[[id:Daftar negara di dunia]]
[[ia:Paises del mundo]]
[[ie:Liste del landes del munde]]
[[os:Бæстæты номхыгъд]]
[[it:Stati del mondo]]
[[ka:მსოფლიოს ქვეყნები]]
[[ky:Дүйнө өлкөлөрү]]
[[sw:Madola]]
[[lad:Lista de paises]]
[[la:Nationes mundi]]
[[lv:Valstis]]
[[lb:Lëscht vun de Länner vun der Welt]]
[[lt:Šalių sąrašas]]
[[ln:Molɔngɔ́ ya bisé ya mokili]]
[[hu:Országok listája]]
[[mg:Lisitry ny firenena]]
[[ms:Daftar negara]]
[[mo:Листэ де стате суверане]]
[[nah:Altépetl]]
[[nl:Landen van de wereld]]
[[ja:国の一覧]]
[[no:Liste over stater]]
[[nn:Verdas land]]
[[nrm:Liste des pays du monde]]
[[oc:Païses]]
[[ps:نور هېوادونه]]
[[km:បញ្ជីរាយនាមប្រទេស]]
[[pl:Państwa świata]]
[[pt:Lista de países]]
[[ro:Listă de state suverane]]
[[rmy:Thema la sundalake]]
[[rm:Glista dals stadis independents]]
[[ru:Алфавитный список стран и территорий]]
[[scn:Lista dî Paisi dû Munnu]]
[[simple:List of countries]]
[[sk:Zoznam štátov]]
[[sl:Seznam suverenih držav]]
[[sr:Списак држава]]
[[sh:Spisak država]]
[[su:Daptar nagara]]
[[fi:Luettelo valtioista]]
[[sv:Lista över länder]]
[[tl:Talaan ng mga bansa]]
[[ta:உலக நாடுகளின் பட்டியல்]]
[[tet:Nasaun sira-nia Naran no Kapitál sira]]
[[tt:Däwlätlär isemlege]]
[[th:รายชื่อประเทศ ดินแดน และ เขตการปกครอง]]
[[vi:Danh sách các nước và vùng lãnh thổ]]
[[tpi:Jiograpi]]
[[tr:Ülkeler]]
[[bug:Daftar ᨓᨊᨘᨕ ᨓᨊᨘᨕ ᨑᨗ ᨒᨗᨊᨚ]]
[[uk:Список країн]]
[[ur:ممالک]]
[[fiu-vro:Maailma riike lipuq]]
[[yi:רשימה פֿון לענדער פֿון װעלט]]
[[zh:世界地理索引]]
Ekologiýa
1039
4968
2005-12-30T01:55:28Z
Ugur Basak
30
robot Adding: als, an, ar, ast, be, bg, br, ca, ceb, cs, cv, cy, da, de, el, eo, es, et, fa, fi, fr, ga, he, hu, ia, id, io, is, it, ja, ka, ko, lad, lb, li, lt, mk, ms, nl, nn, no, oc, os, pl, pt, ro, ru, simple, sk, sl, sr, su, sv, th, tr, uk, vi,
'''Ekologiýa''', bir [[alymlyk]].
=== Sahypalar ===
*http://www.tebigat.8m.com Türkmenistanyň tebigy goraghanalary
[[Category:Alymlyk]]
[[als:Ökologie]]
[[an:Ecolochía]]
[[ar:بيئة]]
[[ast:Natura]]
[[be:Прырода]]
[[bg:Екология]]
[[br:Ekoloji]]
[[ca:Ecologia]]
[[ceb:Ekolohiya]]
[[cs:Ekologie]]
[[cv:Çутçанталăк]]
[[cy:Ecoleg]]
[[da:Økologi]]
[[de:Ökologie (Biologie)]]
[[el:Οικολογία]]
[[en:Ecology]]
[[eo:Ekologio]]
[[es:Naturaleza]]
[[et:Loodus]]
[[fa:بومشناسی]]
[[fi:Ekologia]]
[[fr:Écologie]]
[[ga:Éiceolaíocht]]
[[he:אקולוגיה]]
[[hu:Ökológia]]
[[ia:Ecologia]]
[[id:Ekologi]]
[[io:Ekologio]]
[[is:Vistfræði]]
[[it:Ecologia]]
[[ja:生態学]]
[[ka:ეკოლოგია]]
[[ko:생태학]]
[[lad:Ekolojiya]]
[[lb:Ökologie]]
[[li:Miljeu]]
[[lt:Ekologija]]
[[mk:Екологија]]
[[ms:Ekologi]]
[[nl:Ecologie]]
[[nn:Økologi]]
[[no:Økologi]]
[[oc:Ecologia]]
[[os:Æрдз]]
[[pl:Ekologia]]
[[pt:Ecologia]]
[[ro:Ecologie]]
[[ru:Экология]]
[[simple:Ecology]]
[[sk:Ekológia]]
[[sl:Ekologija]]
[[sr:Екологија]]
[[su:Ékologi]]
[[sv:Ekologi]]
[[th:นิเวศวิทยา]]
[[tr:Ekoloji]]
[[uk:Екологія]]
[[vi:Sinh thái học]]
[[zh:生态学]]
[[zh-min-nan:Chū-jiân]]
Eyho!-dan 10 anekdot
1040
3584
2005-03-05T09:30:20Z
193.251.135.124
Aeroportyň habar beriş bölüminindäki gyza habar gelýär:<br>
-Maýajan, Dubaýdan uçan samolýot ýolda heläk boldy. Muny garşylaýanlara seresaplyk bilen habar bereweri.<br>
Bu ajy habary Maýa gyz şeýle yglan edýär:<br>
-Pikir beriň, pikir beriň! Dubaýdan gelmeli samolýoty garşylaýan jenaplar we hanymlar! Arkaýyn öýüňize gaýdyberiň.
Bir oglan köýneginiň öňüne “Men SAMSYK!” diýip ýazyp köçeden ýöräp barýamyş. Munuň öňünden çykan her kim “dünýede her hili samsyk bar-ow” diýip onuň duşundan ýylgyryp geçýämişler. Soňra bu dirije “samsygy” ýene-de bir gezek synlamak üçin onuň yzyndan seredýämişler. Görseler onuň köýneginiň arka tarapynda “Sen hem SAMSYK!” diýen ýazgy barmyş.
Bir gün tokaýda Piliň çagasyny Begomotlar urupmyşlar. Muňa kaka-Piliň gahary gelipdir, ol tokaýyň ähli pillerini toplap, begomotlaň üstüne oglunyň aryny almaga “razborka” etmäge gidipmiş. Ine bir süri pil ala-tozan edip, begomatlara tarap okdurylyşyp barýamyşlar. Olaryň aýaklarynyň aşagynda ýer lerzanamyş, beýleki haýwanlar bir çetde gizlenişip durmyşlar. Birdenem pilleriň öňünden Garynja çykýar. Ol:<br>
-Duruň, saklanyň piller! Hiç hili „razborka“ bolmaz, häziriň özünde yzyňyza öwrüliňde şu taýdan garaňyzy saýlaň... –diýenmiş.<br>
Pillerem yzlaryna öwrülip, öýli-öýüne dargapmyşlar. Dagy näme etjek, polisiýaň diýenini etmän bolýamy? Polisiýa her ýerde polisiýa ahyryn.
Iki ýewreýiň gürrüňi:<br>
-Sen maňa 100 dollar bergiň bardygyny ýadyňdan çykaraňok gerek?<br>
-Nädýäň-aý dost! Men ony ölinçäm ýadymdan çykarman!<br>
Goşun gulugyna giden esgeriň yzyndan söýgüli gyzy hat ýazýar. Ol gyz hatynda başga bir ýigidi halaýandygyny, indi hem özüne hat ýazmazlygy we ýadygärlik üçin beren suratyny yzyna ibermegini soraýar. Gama batan esger ýigit ähli gullukdaşlaryndan gerekmejek gyz suratlaryny toplaýar we aşakdaky ýaly hat bilen suratlary biwepa gyza iberýär: „Ezizim, gynansamda seniň kimdigiňi ýadyma salyp bilemok. Sen öz suratyňy şu gyzlaryň içinden saýlap al-da özüňe degişli däl suratlary yzyna ibermegiňi haýyş edýärin.“
Gyzjagaz ejesi bilen nahar iýip otyrka soraýar:<br>
-Eje, name üçin kakamyň saçy az?<br>
-Sebäbi gyzym, kakaň akylly adam. Ol köp pikir edeni üçin saçlary dökülýär.<br>
-Eje-eje, seň saçyňa dökülmändir. Kän hem uzyn....<br>
-Geplemän iý!!!!
-Ezizim, itimizi nähili saklaýan bolsaň meni hem şeýle saklamagyňy isleýän!<br>
-Näme diýjek bolýaň?<br>
-Gaýrat et-de meni gowja naharla-da daşaryk gezmäge goýber! Haýyş edýän!
Giriş ekzameninde professor abiturientden soraýar:<br>
-Size iň soňky soragym şeýle. Näme sebäpden biziň uniwersitetimize girmäge karar berdiň?<br>
Abiturient:<br>
-Biderek sorag soramasana, kaka…
Professor studentden soraýar:<br>
-Näme beýle tolgunýaňyz? Meniň soraglarymdan gorkýaňyzmy?<br>
-Ýok, öz jogaplarymdan gorkýan.
“Demokratiýa” sözini grek dilinden terjime edeniňde “halkyň häkimiýeti” manysyny berýändigini hemmeler bilýändir. Emma, bu ýerde haýsy halk barada aýdylýanyny Amerikanyň hökümeti dünýäniň beýleki halklaryna eýýäm näçe ýyl bäri düşündirmek bilen başagaý.
Magtymguly. «Abat galsyn»
1041
3585
2005-03-07T12:42:39Z
193.251.135.123
'''ABAT GALSYN'''<br>
Säher tur, hudaýa ýalbar,<br>
Yslam öýüň abat galsyn!<br>
Ýamany goý, ýagşa ýol ber,<br>
Şeýtan işi bibat galsyn!<br>
Ýagşy söze gulak salgyl,<br>
Säher wagty bidar bolgul,<br>
Ýagşylardan alkyş algyl,<br>
Ömrüň artyp, zyýat galsyn!<br>
Adamzat gözden sypynça,<br>
Ýatdan çykar gan kepinçä,<br>
Müňde bir rabat ýapynça,<br>
Hakdan dile, öwlat galsyn!<br>
Pis hatyn başa mähnetdir,<br>
Dünýäniň maly nobatdyr,<br>
Ýigide ogul döwletdir,<br>
Mal galynça, zürýat galsyn!<br>
Ýigit hoşy-at-ýaragdyr,<br>
Her işe jürüýet gerekdir,<br>
Pis oguldan ýagşyrakdyr-<br>
Pyragy, ýagşy at galsyn!1<br>
1‘’Magtymguly öter-gider,<br>
Matlabyna ýeter-gider,<br>
Ýalançyda bir at göter,<br>
Herne galsa, bir at galsyn’’diýen bent hem bar. <br>
Bu goşgynyň Magrupynyň adyna gelýän ýeri hem bar.<br>
Sport
1042
6354
2006-08-04T11:29:45Z
Ekonomist
91
[[Türkmenistanyn Milli Futbol Ligasy]]
== Sportyn görnüşleri ==
* [[Futbol]]
* [[Golf]]
* [[Göreş]]
Aşpezlik
1043
3587
2005-06-25T11:44:16Z
193.6.218.9
/* Tagamlar */
== Tagamlar ==
- [[Türkmen Palawy]]
- [[Kebap we çişlikler]]
- [[Tamdyrlamalar]]
== Peýdalanylan çeşmeler ==
[http://iatp.edu.tm/turkmentagamlary/ Türkmen tagamlary]
Dil
1044
4274
2005-08-04T15:50:43Z
Fenix
21
'''Dil'''
Diller:
*[[Türkmen dili]]
*[[Pars dili]] ([[Parsça]])
*[[Ors dili]] ([[Orsça]])
*[[Günorta Afrika dili]]
*[[Arapça]]
*[[Assamença]]
*[[Azerbeýjança]]
*[[Belarusça]]
*[[Bolgarça]]
*[[Bangalça]]
*[[Tibetçe]]
*[[Boşnýakça]]
*[[Katalança]]
*[[Çehçe]]
*[[Çuvaşça]]
*[[Welşçe]]
*[[Danmarkça]]
*[[Nemesçe]]
*[[Grekçe]]
*[[Inlisçe]]
*[[Ispança]]
*[[Estonça]]
*[[Baskça]]
*[[Finçe]]
*[[Fransuzça]]
*[[Frizçe]]
*[[Irlandçe]]
*[[Gujaratça]]
*[[Yewreýçe]]
*[[Hindiçe]]
*[[Horwatça]]
*[[Wengerçe]]
*[[Ermeniçe]]
*[[Endoneziýa dili]]
*[[Islandça]]
*[[Italýança]]
*[[Yaponça]]
*[[Gürjüçe]]
*[[Gazakça]]
*[[Koreýçe]]
*[[Kürtçe]]
*[[Gyrgyzça]]
*[[Latynça]]
*[[Litwanýa dili]]
*[[Latyşça]]
*[[Mongolça]]
*[[Marasi dili]]
*[[Malaý]]
*[[Malta dili]]
*[[Gollandça]]
*[[Norwegçe]]
*[[Osetçe]]
*[[Punjabyça]]
*[[Polýakça]]
*[[Portugalça]]
*[[Rumynça]]
*[[Sanskritçe]]
*[[Slowakça]]
*[[Slowençe]]
*[[Albança]]
*[[Serbçe]]
*[[Şwedçe]]
*[[Swahiliçe]]
*[[Tamilçe]]
*[[Telügü dili]]
*[[Täjikçe]]
*[[Taýlandça]]
*[[Tatarça]]
*[[Türkçe]]
*[[Uýgurça]]
*[[Ukrainçe]]
*[[Urduça]]
*[[Özbekçe]]
*[[Wýetnamça]]
*[[Walonça]]
*[[Hytaýça]]
[[af:Taal]]
[[als:Sprache]]
[[ar:لغة]]
[[ast:Idioma]]
[[az:Dil]]
[[bg:Език]]
[[bs:Jezik]]
[[ca:Llengua (comunicació)]]
[[cs:Jazyk]]
[[cy:Iaith]]
[[da:Sprog]]
[[de:Sprache]]
[[el:Γλώσσα]]
[[en:Language]]
[[eo:Lingvo]]
[[es:Lenguaje]]
[[et:Keel (keeleteadus)]]
[[eu:Hizkuntzak]]
[[fa:زبان]]
[[fi:Kieli]]
[[fr:Langage]]
[[fy:Taal]]
[[ga:Teanga]]
[[gd:Cànan]]
[[gl:Linguaxe]]
[[he:שפה]]
[[hr:Jezik]]
[[hu:Nyelv]]
[[ia:Linguage]]
[[id:Bahasa]]
[[io:Linguo]]
[[is:Tungumál]]
[[it:Linguaggio]]
[[ja:言語]]
[[jv:Basa]]
[[ko:언어]]
[[ku:Ziman]]
[[kw:Yeth]]
[[ky:Тил]]
[[la:Lingua]]
[[lb:Sprooch]]
[[li:Taol]]
[[ln:Lokótá]]
[[lt:Kalba]]
[[mk:Јазик]]
[[ms:Bahasa]]
[[na:Langue]]
[[nb:Språk]]
[[nl:Taal]]
[[nn:Språk]]
[[oc:Lenga]]
[[pl:Język (mowa)]]
[[pt:Linguagem humana]]
[[ro:Limbă]]
[[ru:%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%28%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%29]]
[[simple:Language]]
[[sk:Jazyky]]
[[sl:Jezik]]
[[sq:Gjuha]]
[[sr:Језик]]
[[sv:Språk]]
[[sw:Lugha]]
[[th:ภาษา]]
[[vi:Ngôn ngữ]]
[[tr:Dil]]
[[uk:Мова]]
[[vo:Pük]]
[[xh:Ulwimi]]
[[zh:語言]]
[[zh-min-nan:Gí-giân]]
Türkmenistan
1047
8174
2006-12-11T13:57:27Z
Brigadir
132
/* [[Şäher]]ler */
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Türkmenistan Respublikasy'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|125px|Türkmenistanyň baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Turkmenistan coa.gif|100px|Türkmenistanyň gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Türkmenistanyň baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Türkmenistanyň gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationTurkmenistan.png]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Aşgabat]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Saparmyrat Nyýazow]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Türkmen dili|Türkmen]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Türkmenistanyň gimni]]
|-
| '''[[Meýdany]]'''
| 488 100 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 4 952 081<br/> 9,4/km²
|-
| '''[[Garaşsyzlyk]]'''
| [[27 Oktýabr]], [[1991]]
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[manat]]
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +5
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| 993
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| [[.tm]]
|}
[[Image:TurkmenistanNumbered.png|200px|right|Türkmenistanyň welaýatlar]]
'''Türkmenistan''' Merkezi [[Aziýa]]da bir [[döwlet]].
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Owganystan]], [[Eýran]], [[Gazagystan]] we [[Özbegistan]].
=== [[Taryh]] ===
*[[Türkmenistan Sowet Sossialistik Respublikasy/Türkmenistan SSR]]
=== [[Şäher]]ler ===
*[[Aşgabat]]
*[[Balkanabat]]
*[[Daşoguz]]
*[[Kaka]]
*[[Köneürgenç]]
*[[Mary]]
*[[Bayramaly]]
*[[Merw]]
*[[NebitDag]]
*[[Tejen]]
*[[Türkmenabat]]
*[[Türkmenbaşy]]
*[[Gumdag]]
*[[Hazar]] ([[Çeleken]])
=== [[Welaýat|Welaýatlar]] ===
#[[Aşgabat Şäheri]]
#[[Ahal welaýaty]]
#[[Balkan welaýaty]]
#[[Daşoguz welaýaty]]
#[[Lebap welaýaty]]
#[[Mary welaýaty]]
*[[Etraplar]]
=== Beýleki ===
*[[Garagum]]
*[[Hazar deňizi]]
*[[Türkmen Palawy]]
*[[Türkmen milli oýunlary]]
*[[Türkmenistan telefon kodlary]]
*[[Türkmenlerde wagt aňladylyşy]]
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[af:Turkmenistan]]
[[an:Turkmenistán]]
[[az:Türkmənistan]]
[[bg:Туркменистан]]
[[bs:Turkmenistan]]
[[ca:Turkmenistan]]
[[cs:Turkmenistán]]
[[cy:Turkmenistan]]
[[da:Turkmenistan]]
[[de:Turkmenistan]]
[[en:Turkmenistan]]
[[eo:Turkmenio]]
[[es:Turkmenistán]]
[[et:Türkmenistan]]
[[eu:Turkmenistan]]
[[fa:ترکمنستان]]
[[fi:Turkmenistan]]
[[fr:Turkménistan]]
[[gl:Turcomenistán - Türkmenostan]]
[[he:טורקמניסטן]]
[[hu:Türkmenisztán]]
[[id:Turkmenistan]]
[[io:Turkmenistan]]
[[is:Túrkmenistan]]
[[it:Turkmenistan]]
[[ja:トルクメニスタン]]
[[ka:თურქმენეთი]]
[[kk:Түрікменстан]]
[[ko:투르크메니스탄]]
[[ku:Turkmenistan]]
[[la:Turcmenia]]
[[li:Turkmenistan]]
[[lt:Turkmėnija]]
[[ms:Turkmenistan]]
[[nds:Turkmenistan]]
[[nl:Turkmenistan]]
[[nn:Turkmenistan]]
[[no:Turkmenistan]]
[[pl:Turkmenistan]]
[[pt:Turquemenistão]]
[[ro:Turkmenistan]]
[[ru:Туркмения]]
[[simple:Turkmenistan]]
[[sk:Turkménsko]]
[[sl:Turkmenistan]]
[[sq:Turkmenistani]]
[[sr:Туркменистан]]
[[sv:Turkmenistan]]
[[th:ประเทศเติร์กเมนิสถาน]]
[[tl:Turkmenistan]]
[[tr:Türkmienistan]]
[[uk:Туркменістан]]
[[ur:ترکمنستان]]
[[zh:土库曼斯坦]]
[[zh-min-nan:Turkmenistan]]
Aşgabat
1048
7721
2006-11-25T10:39:15Z
Ga1taman
128
'''Aşgabat''' ([[Parsça dil|Parsça]]:عشق آبادفار ''Ashq-abad''; [[Orsça dil|Orsça]]: Ашхабад ''Ashxabad''), bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
== Dogan şäherleri ==
*[[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], [[ABŞ]]
*[[Ankara]], [[Türkiýe]]
== Sepler ==
* [http://ashgabad.us Ashgabat suratlary]
* [http://mekdep.com Ashgabatdaky mekdepler]
{{Template:Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları}}
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[az:Aşqabad]]
[[bg:Ашхабад]]
[[bs:Ashgabat]]
[[ca:Aşgabat]]
[[da:Asjkhabad]]
[[de:Aşgabat]]
[[en:Aşgabat]]
[[eo:Aŝgabato]]
[[es:Aşgabat]]
[[fa:عشقآباد]]
[[fi:Ašgabat]]
[[fr:Achgabat]]
[[gl:Achkhabad - Aşgabat]]
[[he:אשגאבט]]
[[id:Ashgabat]]
[[it:Ashgabat]]
[[ja:アシガバート]]
[[ko:아시가바트]]
[[lt:Ašchabadas]]
[[nl:Asjchabad]]
[[pl:Aszchabad]]
[[pt:Ashkhabad]]
[[ru:Ашхабад]]
[[sk:Ašchabad]]
[[sv:Asjchabad]]
[[tr:Aşgabat]]
[[uk:Ашгабат]]
[[zh:阿什哈巴德]]
Geologiýa
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2005-06-19T13:25:20Z
193.6.218.9
*[[Türkmenistan]]
**[[Saparmyrat Nyýazow]]
**[[Türkmen]]
**[[Türkmençe]]
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
Aşgabad
1050
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2005-08-03T11:14:23Z
Fenix
21
redirect
#REDIRECT [[Aşgabat]]
Category:Türkmenistan
1051
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2006-12-22T02:25:47Z
Escarbot
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robot Adding: [[da:Kategori:Turkmenistan]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[ar:تصنيف:تركمانستان]]
[[az:Kateqoriya:Türkmənistan]]
[[be:Катэгорыя:Туркмэністан]]
[[bg:Категория:Туркменистан]]
[[ca:Categoria:Turkmenistan]]
[[cs:Kategorie:Turkmenistán]]
[[da:Kategori:Turkmenistan]]
[[de:Kategorie:Turkmenistan]]
[[en:Category:Turkmenistan]]
[[eo:Kategorio:Turkmenio]]
[[es:Categoría:Turkmenistán]]
[[et:Kategooria:Türkmenistan]]
[[eu:Kategoria:Turkmenistan]]
[[fi:Luokka:Turkmenistan]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Turkménistan]]
[[gl:Category:Turcomenistán]]
[[he:קטגוריה:טורקמניסטן]]
[[id:Kategori:Turkmenistan]]
[[io:Category:Turkmenistan]]
[[is:Flokkur:Túrkmenistan]]
[[it:Categoria:Turkmenistan]]
[[ja:Category:トルクメニスタン]]
[[ka:კატეგორია:თურქმენეთი]]
[[ko:분류:투르크메니스탄]]
[[lt:Kategorija:Turkmėnija]]
[[lv:Kategorija:Turkmenistāna]]
[[nl:Categorie:Turkmenistan]]
[[nn:Kategori:Turkmenistan]]
[[pl:Kategoria:Turkmenistan]]
[[pt:Categoria:Turquemenistão]]
[[ro:Categorie:Turkmenistan]]
[[ru:Категория:Туркмения]]
[[simple:Category:Turkmenistan]]
[[sl:Kategorija:Turkmenistan]]
[[sr:Категорија:Туркменистан]]
[[sv:Kategori:Turkmenistan]]
[[tr:Kategori:Türkmenistan]]
[[vi:Thể loại:Turkmenistan]]
[[zh:Category:土库曼斯坦]]
Mary
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Brigadir
132
'''Mary''' - [[Türkmenistan]]yň Günorta-Gündogarynda ýerleşýän [[welaýat]]. Merkezi [[Mary]] şäheri
a) Erkgala
Erkgala göwrümi boýunça gadymy [[Merw]] şäheriniň ulgamyna girýän galalaryň iň kiçisi bolsa-da, ýaşy boýunça iň ulusy, belentligi boýunça hem iň beýigidir. Onuň tutýan meýdany bary-ýogy 20 gektara barabardyr. Häzirki wagtda ol gala däl-de, dagyň çykmasy kyn baýyrlaryna çalym edýär. Onuň saklanyp galan beýikligi ortaça 25-28 metre ýetýär. Geçirilen köp sanly arheologik barlaglar galanyň ahemenitler döwrüne degişli hökümdaryň köşgi bolandygyny äşgär etdi. Erkgalanyň içinde köşkden başga-da uly edara jaýy, skladlar, gorhana, nökerler üçin kazarmalar bolupdyr.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b) Gäwürgala
B.e. öňki III asyryň ikinji ýarymynda selewkit hökümdary Antioh Soter özüniň güýçli goşuny bilen Merwe gelende, ol bu töwerekleriň bol suwuna, mes toprakly ýerlerine göz gyzdyryp, Merwi özüne paýtagt edinmegi, ony düýpli gurlan gala bilen berkitmegi ýüregine düwüpdir. Erkgala oňa darlyk edipdir. Şonuň üçinem ol bu galanyň günortasyndaky bag-bakjalyga bürenip oturan ilatly ýeri göz öňünde tutup, şol ýerden hem takyk oýlanylan plan esasynda grekleriň gala guruş usulynda äpet galanyň gurluşygyna başladýar. Örän tiz wagtda bina edilen bu dörtgyraň galanyň diwarlary 6 metre ýetýän galyňlykda bolup, onuň her bir gapdal ganatynyň uzynlygy hem tas 1,5 kilometre ýetipdir.
Geçmişde “butparazlaryň galasy” ýa-da “kapyrgala” ady bilen tanalan bu gala biziň günlerimize GÄWÜRGALA ady bilen gelip ýetipdir. Ol 400 gektara golaý meýdany öz içine alýar. Orta asyryň Ibn al-Fakih, Idrisi, Makdisi ýaly arap dilinde ýazan awtorlarynyň işlerinden mälim bolşuna görä, Gäwürgalada iki sany erkek we aýal adamynyň şekili bilen bezelen Keýmerzuban atly gadymy öýüň we sežde edilýän uly metjit jaýynyň bolandygy mälim. Gäwürgalanyň dört tarapky diwarlarynyň dördüsinde-de derwezeler bolupdyr, galanyň içine kanal çekilipdir, galanyň içki diwaryny deň dörde bölýän goşmak şekilli uly köçeler bolupdyr, bazar meýdançasy, degirmençiler we hazarçyllar kärhanasy ýerleşipdir. Antioh Soter Gäwürgalanyň daşyna 230 kilometre golaý halkalaýyn daşky galany hem saldyrypdyr.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ç) Soltangala
Onuň bina edilen wagty seljuklar neberesiniň dolandyran wagtyna gabat gelýär. Ol seljuk soltanlary Mälik şa we Alp Arslan tarapyndan XI asyryň ikinji ýarymynda-XII asyryň başynda saldyrylan bolmaly. Bu hem onuň soltanlaryň saldyran galasy - Soltangala hökmünde adykmagyna sebäp bolupdyr.
Gapdal diwarlary 1,7den 2,2 kilometre çenli uzaýan Soltangala Gäwürgalanyň duldegşir günbatarynda ýerleşýär. Bu iki galanyň arasyndan bolsa gadymy döwürlwrden tä mongol goşunlary tarapyndan weýran edilýänçä uly ykdysady ähmiýetli kanal bolan al-Ruzeýk (al-Razik) ýaby akypdyr. Soltangalanyň boýy 8-9 metre ýetýär, diwarlarynyň düýbi esasan 4,5 metre ýetýän galyňlykda pagsadan tutulypdyr. Iki metre çenli çürelip gidýän ýokarky gatlaklarynda bolsa 31×31×7 sm we 27×27×5 sm ölçegdäki çig kerpiçler ulanylypdyr.
Gäwürgala bilen deňeşdirilende Soltangalanyň diwarlary has gowy saklanypdyr.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d) Şähriýar gala
Şähriýar gala gadymy Mary şäher galalarynyň içinde iň kiçisidir. Bary-ýogy 20 gektara golaý meýdany tutýan bu galanyň diwarlarynyň salnyşynda belli bir forma eýerilmändir. Gala tutuşlygyn ýoýulan kwadrata çalym edýär. Ol esasan 27×27×6 sm ölçegdäki çig kerpiçlerden pagsa bilen aralaşdyrylyp salnypdyr. Häzirki wagtda gala diwarlarynyň saklanyp galan galyňlygy 2,8-3 metre, beýikligi hem 8-10 metre ýetýär.
Galanyň içiniň demirgazyk hem-de deirgazyk-günbatar böleklerinde kazarmalaryň, athanalaryň galyndylaryny, ortada we günorta-gündogarda hem edaradyr ýaşaýyş jaýlarynyň harabalaryny görmek bolýar. Olardan ilkinji bolup göze ilýäni köşk jaýydyr. Köşgüň içinde bary-ýogy ýekeje süýnmek zal bolup, ol öz wagtynda seljuk soltanlarynyň diwany-kabulhanasy bolup hyzmat edipdir.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
e) Isgender gala hem-de kiçi Soltan gala
Ýerli halkyň dilinde şeýle atlar bilen tanalýan bu galalaryň ilkinjisi Soltan galanyň demirgazygynda, ikinjisi hem onuň günortasynda ýerleşýär. Ýerleşiş aýratynlyklaryny göz öňünde tutup, taryhçy alymlar olara /zleriçe “Demirgazyk aýlaw” hem-de “Günorta aýlaw” diýip at beripdirler. Döwri boýunça aýlawlaryň ikisi-de Solatangaladan soň salnan bolmaly. Isgender galanyň 200 gektara golaý giň meýdany öz wagtynda Merw şäheriniň örän gür oturan ilatly ýeri bolupdyr. Eger-de kiçi Soltan galanyň gündogar bölegindäki Bureýda bilen Gifariniň guburlarynyň başujynda , Teýmirleň döwründe salnan goşa binany hasp etmeseň, bu galanyň içinde gadymýetiň ýerden saýlanyp duran ýekeje diwaryna-da gözüň düşmeýär.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
i) Şaýym gala
Araplar döwrüne degişli ýadygärlikleriň biridir. Käbir alymlar ony Abu Muslimiň harby lageriniň galyndylary hasaplaýarlar. Şaýym gala Gäwürgalanyň 1,5 km. günorat-gündogarynda ýerleşýär. Onuň 1,28 kw.km. meýdany bolup, gala diwarlary pagsadan hem-de25×25, 5×5, 24-25×25 ölçegdäki çig kerpiçler, aram-aram hem 26,5 ×?×5 sm. ölçegde bolan kerpiçler ulanylyp salypdyr.
{{Template:Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları}}
[[Category:Mary]]
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[de:Mary (Turkmenistan)]]
[[en:Mary Province]]
[[et:Mary vilajett]]
[[fr:Mary (ville)]]
[[ru:Мары]]
[[sv:Mary (stad)]]
Türkmenistan Sowet Sotsialistik Respublikasy
1053
7063
2006-10-19T12:35:36Z
85.91.133.83
[[Image:Flag-turkmen-ssr.png|140px|right]]
[[Image:COA Turkmen SSR.png|140px|right]]
[[Türkmienistan Soviet Socialistik Riespublikasy]] [[(Türkmienistan SSR)]] ([[Orsça dil|Orsça]]; Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика)
*Дең хукуклы халклармызың достлуг
*Совет илин бир машгала өвүрди!
*Бу достлугың аркадагы рус халкы
*Эгсилмез доганлык көмегин берди.
*Яша сен, кувватлан, эй азат Ватан!
*Баряң коммунизмиң еңшине бакан.
*Ленин партиясындан гүйч алян, өсйән,
*Совет Ватанымыз, җан Түркменистан!
*Бейик Ленин ачды азатлык ёлун,
*Бизе бакы ягты дурмуш гетирди.
*Галкындырып әхли халкы хак ише,
*Еңише, зәхмете, багта етирди.
*Яша сен, кувватлан, эй азат Ватан!
*Баряң коммунизмиң еңшине бакан.
*Ленин партиясындан гүйч алян, өсйән,
*Совет Ватанымыз, җан Түркменистан!
*Коммунизме баглап арзув-эркимиз,
*Айдың гелҗегмизи дөредйәс, гуряс.
*Гызыл байдагы биз берк тутуп голда,
*Биз бейик максада ынамлы баряс.
*Яша сен, кувватлан, эй азат Ватан!
*Баряң коммунизмиң еңшине бакан.
*Ленин партиясындан гүйч алян, өсйән,
*Совет Ватанымыз, җан Түркменистан!
Elipbiý tertibinde
*[[Achghabat]]
*[[Baýramaly]]
*[[Çärjew]]
*[[Daşhowuz]]
*[[Kaka]]
*[[Krasnovodsk]]
*[[Mary]]
*[[Nebitdag]]
*[[Köneürgenç]]
*[[Tejen]]
*[[Türkmenabat]]
== Türkmienistan ==
*[[Türkmienistan]]
*[[Türkmienistan Riespublikasy]]
[[Category:Türkmienistan]]
[[ca:República Socialista Soviètica del Turkmenistan]]
[[de:Turkmenische SSR]]
[[en:Turkmen SSR]]
[[es:República Socialista Soviética de Turkmenistán]]
[[et:Turkmeeni NSV]]
[[fi:Turkmenistanin sosialistinen neuvostotasavalta]]
[[fr:République socialiste soviétique du Turkménistan]]
[[ja:トルクメン・ソビエト社会主義共和国]]
[[pl:Turkmeńska SRR]]
[[ru:Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика]]
[[zh:土库曼苏维埃社会主义共和国]]
Geografiya
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Escarbot
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robot Adding: av, bar, bat-smg, bm, cv, ga, ilo, is, iu, ku, kw, lmo, my, nov, nrm, ps, qu, rmy, sh, sq, tg, ug, uz, vec, wa, zh-yue Modifying: br, hr, sc, scn
[[Image:Physical world.jpg|right|450px|]]
'''Geografiya''', bir [[alymlyk]] barada [[ýer]]i.
*[[Aziýa]]
*[[Ýewropa]]
*[[Afrika]]
*[[Amerika]]
*[[Kawkaz]]
*[[Anadoly]]
*[[Garagum]]
*[[Hazar deňizi]]
===[[Döwlet]]ler===
* [[Türkmenistan]]
* [[Äzerbeýjan]]
* [[Belarus]]
* [[Ukraina]]
* [[Horwatiýa]]
* [[Eýran]]
* [[Gazagystan]]
* [[Ghana]]
* [[Ermenistan]] ([[Armeniýa]])
* [[Hytaý]]
* [[Fransiýa]]
* [[Germaniýa]]
* [[Beýik Britaniýa]]
* [[Hindistan]]
* [[Pakystan]]
* [[Rumyniýa]]
* [[Russiýa]]
* [[Günorta Afrika]]
* [[Türkiýe]]
* [[Özbegystan]]
* [[Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlary]] (ABŞ)
* [[Yrak]]
* [[Owganystan]]
* [[Nigeria]]
*[[Saudi Arabystan]]
*[[Birleşen Arap Emirlikleri]]
*[[Katar]]
*[[Bahreyn]]
* [[Mali]]
* ...
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[Category:Alymlyk]]
[[ab:Географи]]
[[af:Geografie]]
[[als:Geografie]]
[[an:Cheografía]]
[[ar:جغرافيا]]
[[ast:Xeografía]]
[[av:География]]
[[az:Coğrafiya]]
[[ba:География]]
[[bar:Geographie]]
[[bat-smg:Geuograpėjė]]
[[be:Геаграфія]]
[[bg:География]]
[[bm:Dùgùkòlòkùnnàkalan]]
[[bn:ভূগোল]]
[[br:Douaroniezh]]
[[bs:Geografija]]
[[ca:Geografia]]
[[ceb:Heyograpiya]]
[[co:Geografia]]
[[cs:Geografie]]
[[csb:Geògrafijô]]
[[cv:Географи]]
[[cy:Daearyddiaeth]]
[[da:Geografi]]
[[de:Geographie]]
[[el:Γεωγραφία]]
[[en:Geography]]
[[eo:Geografio]]
[[es:Geografía]]
[[et:Geograafia]]
[[eu:Geografia]]
[[fi:Maantiede]]
[[fo:Landafrøði]]
[[fr:Géographie]]
[[fur:Gjeografie]]
[[fy:Geografy]]
[[ga:Tíreolaíocht]]
[[gl:Xeografía]]
[[gu:ભૂગોળ]]
[[he:גאוגרפיה]]
[[hi:भूगोल]]
[[hr:Zemljopis]]
[[hu:Földrajztudomány]]
[[ia:Geographia]]
[[id:Geografi]]
[[ie:Geografie]]
[[ilo:Heografia]]
[[io:Geografio]]
[[is:Landafræði]]
[[it:Geografia]]
[[iu:ᓄᓇᐅᔪᖅ]]
[[ja:地理学]]
[[ka:გეოგრაფია]]
[[ko:지리학]]
[[ks:Geografia]]
[[ku:Erdnîgarî]]
[[kv:География]]
[[kw:Dorydhyeth]]
[[ky:География]]
[[la:Geographia]]
[[lad:Jeografiya]]
[[lb:Geographie]]
[[li:Geografie]]
[[lmo:Geugrafìa]]
[[lt:Geografija]]
[[lv:Ģeogrāfija]]
[[mg:Jeografia]]
[[mh:Geografia]]
[[mk:Географија]]
[[ms:Geografi]]
[[mt:Ġeografija]]
[[my:ပထဝီဝင္]]
[[nds:Geographie]]
[[nl:Geografie]]
[[nn:Geografi]]
[[no:Geografi]]
[[nov:Geografia]]
[[nrm:Géographie]]
[[oc:Geografia]]
[[os:Географи]]
[[pl:Geografia]]
[[ps:ځمک انځورنه (جغرافيه)]]
[[pt:Geografia]]
[[qu:Allpa saywachi]]
[[rm:Geografia]]
[[rmy:Phuvipen]]
[[ro:Geografie]]
[[ru:География]]
[[sc:Geografia]]
[[scn:Giografìa]]
[[sh:Zemljopis]]
[[simple:Geography]]
[[sk:Geografia]]
[[sl:Geografija]]
[[sq:Gjeografia]]
[[sr:Географија]]
[[sv:Geografi]]
[[sw:Jiografia]]
[[ta:புவியியல்]]
[[te:భూగోళ శాస్త్రము]]
[[tg:Ҷуғрофия]]
[[th:ภูมิศาสตร์]]
[[tl:Heograpiya]]
[[to:Geografia]]
[[tr:Coğrafya]]
[[ug:جۇغراپىيە]]
[[uk:Географія]]
[[ur:جغرافيہ]]
[[uz:Geografiya]]
[[vec:Giografia]]
[[vi:Địa lý học]]
[[vo:Taledav]]
[[wa:Djeyografeye]]
[[zh:地理学]]
[[zh-yue:地理]]
Category:Geografiya
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Fenix
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Category:Alymlyk, interwiki
[[Category:Alymlyk]]
[[af:Kategorie:Geografie]]
[[an:Category:Cheografía]]
[[ast:Category:Xeografía]]
[[bg:Категория:География]]
[[zh-min-nan:Category:Tē-lí-ha̍k]]
[[be:Катэгорыя:Геаграфія]]
[[bs:Category:Zemljopis]]
[[ca:Categoria:Geografia]]
[[cs:Kategorie:Geografie]]
[[da:Kategori:Geografi]]
[[de:Kategorie:Geographie]]
[[et:Kategooria:Geograafia]]
[[en:Category:Geography]]
[[el:Κατηγορία:Γεωγραφία]]
[[als:Kategorie:Geografie]]
[[es:Categoría:Geografía]]
[[eo:Kategorio:Geografio]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Géographie]]
[[ga:Rang:Tíreolaíocht]]
[[gl:Category:Xeografía]]
[[ko:분류:지리]]
[[hi:श्रेणी:भूगोल]]
[[hr:Category:Zemljopis]]
[[io:Category:Geografio]]
[[id:Kategori:Geografi]]
[[is:Flokkur:Landafræði]]
[[it:Categoria:Geografia]]
[[he:קטגוריה:גאוגרפיה]]
[[csb:Kategòrëjô:Geògrafijô]]
[[kw:Category:Dorydhyeth]]
[[la:Categoria:Geographia]]
[[lv:Category:Ģeogrāfija]]
[[lt:Category:Geografija]]
[[lb:Category:Geographie]]
[[mt:Category:Ġeografija]]
[[ms:Category:Geografi]]
[[nl:Categorie:Geografie]]
[[nds:Kategorie:Geographie]]
[[ja:Category:地理学]]
[[no:Kategori:Geografi]]
[[nn:Kategori:Geografi]]
[[oc:Category:Geografia]]
[[pl:Kategoria:Geografia]]
[[pt:Categoria:Geografia]]
[[ro:Categorie:Geografie]]
[[ru:Категория:География]]
[[scn:Category:Geografia]]
[[simple:Category:Geography]]
[[sk:Kategória:Geografia]]
[[sl:Category:Geografija]]
[[sr:Category:Географија]]
[[fi:Luokka:Maantiede]]
[[sv:Kategori:Geografi]]
[[tl:Category:Heograpiya]]
[[tt:Törkem:Cäğräfiä]]
[[th:Category:ภูมิศาสตร์]]
[[vi:Category:Địa lý học]]
[[tr:Kategori:Coğrafya]]
[[uk:Категорія:Географія]]
[[zh:Category:地理]]
Image:Flag.jpg
1057
5431
2006-03-24T10:14:15Z
194.27.52.193
URL:http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/countri/c&symbol.html
Image:Gerb.jpg
1058
3602
2005-06-19T14:05:49Z
Altynpankelle
18
Coat of Arms of Turkmenistan
URL:http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/countri/c&symbol.html
Coat of Arms of Turkmenistan
URL:http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/countri/c&symbol.html
Welaýatlar
1059
4651
2005-11-19T16:47:04Z
172.163.187.223
#redirect [[Türkmenistanyň welaýatlar]]
Wikipedia:Ýörelgeler
1060
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2006-01-25T20:54:56Z
Memty
43
<table width="100%">
<tr> <td align="center" valign="top" style="background:#d3d3d3;> <table width="100%">
<tr> <td align="left" valign="top" style="background:#f3f3f3; border:1px solid #d3d3d3;padding:10px">
Mähriban dost! Bu ýeri dünýäniň dürli dillerinde ýazylan, bile işläp maglumat paýlaşylýan Wikipedia taslamasynyň türkmençe bölümi. Hemmeler bu sahypalara täze maglumat goşup we olary üýtgedip bilýär. Munuň üçin agza bolmak hökman däl, ýöne IP adresiňiz howpsuzlyk üçin ýazylyp alynýar.
'''Wikipedia''' birnäçe dilde [[2001]]-nji ýylda ýazylmaga başlandy. Örän gysga wagtyň içinde ol tanymal webtaslamasy boldy. Iňlis dilinde [[:en:Special:Statistics|600 müň]], beýleki dillerde bolsa 800 müňden gowrak makala neşir edildi. Türkmençe Wikipediýany ösdürmek türkmen dilini gepleýän dünýäniň dürli künjeginde ýaşaýan adamlar üçin örän gereklidir.
Häzirki wagtda türkmençe bölümde jemi [[Special:Allpages|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} makala]] we makajaljyk bar. '''Mähriban dost! Gel bile Türkmençe Wikipediany ösdüreli!''' Ony iň gowy maglumat çeşmesine öwürmek uçin aşakdaky ýörelgelere eýereli!
'''1.''' Türkmen diliniň dürs ýazuwyna üns bereli. Munuň üçin Türkmenistanda ýöreýän [[Türkmen elipbiýi]]ni we grammatikasyny ulanaly.
'''2.''' Syýasy, jyns, millet we beýleki pikir we beden tapawutlylyklaryny kemsitmeýän ähli ulanyjylara deň derejede peýdaly bolaýjak maglumatlar goýjak bolaly.
'''3.''' Patentler we beýleki döredijilik hak-hukuklaryna hormat goýaly.
'''4.''' Arassa we düşnükli formatda ýazaly.
'''5.''' Wikipedia hemmämiziňki, şonuň üçin biri-birimize kömek edip bilelikde üstünlikli işlemek üçin gaýrat edeli.
Wikipedia, erkindir we elmydama şeýle bolmagyna garaşylýar ''GNU Azat Dokumentasiýa'' [[GNU Free Documentation License|şertnamasyna]] görä işleýär.
Armaly!<br>
'''Türkmençe Wikipediaçy'''
</td></tr></table>
</td></tr></table>
[[Category:Wikipedia]]
Türkmen elipbiýi
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2006-03-11T20:35:21Z
193.140.214.72
/* Käbir goýberilýän ýalňyşlyklar */
'''Türkmen elipbiýi''', Türkmenistanda [[Türkmen dili]] üçin ulanylýan latyn grafikasy elipbiýidir.
== Harplar ==
Türkmen elipbiýi, latyn grafikasyna görä ýazylyp 1993 ýyldan bäri Türkmenistanda durmuşyň ähli pudaklarynda ulanylmaga başlandy. Ol 1930-njy ýyllarda ulanylan latyn we ondan soň 1991-nji ýyla çenli ulanylan Kiril elipbiýden tapawutlanýar. Türkmen elipbiýinde 30 sany harp bar.
Bular:
<table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="font-weight: 300; font-size: 150%;">
<tr align=left style="background:khaki">
<td><tt> A B Ç D E Ä F G H I J Ž K L M N Ň O Ö P R S Ş T U Ü W Y Ý Z</tt></td></tr>
<tr align=left style="background:#efefef">
<td><tt> a b ç d e ä f g h i j ž k l m n ň o ö p r s ş t u ü w y ý z</tt></td></tr>
</table></p>
== Çekimli we çekimsizler ==
'''a''', '''e''', '''ä''', '''y''', '''i''', '''o''', '''ö''', '''u''', '''ü''' harplary '''çekimli sesleri''', beýleki harplar bolsa '''çekimsiz sesleri''' aňlatmak üçin ulanylýar.
== Türkmen elipbiýinde ýok bolan harplar ==
Esasy ýalňyşlyklaryň biri türkmen elipbiýinde ýok bolan harplary ulanmakdyr. Olar beýleki latyn elipbiýlerinde bolan '''Q/q''', '''X/x''', '''C/c''', '''V/v''' ýaly harplardyr. Bulary ulanmak ýalňyşlykdyr.
== Käbir goýberilýän ýalňyşlyklar ==
Käbir harplar türkmen dilinde ulanylmaýar.<br>
- Viktoriýa däl Wiktoriýa bolmaly<br>
- Quentin Tarantino däl Kwentin Tarantino<br>
- taxi, maximum däl taksi,maksimum<br>
- capital däl kapital<br><br>
Käbir sesler käbir sözlerde ýazylmaýar<br>
- kyýn däl kyn<br>
- uzyýn däl uzyn<br>
- dolly(göwrüm) däl doly<br><br>
Käbir ýokardaka meňzeş ýagdaýlarda bu sesler ýazylýar<br>
- dün däl düýn<br><br>
Türkmen dilinde sözler b, d, j sesleri bilen gutarmaýar<br>
ad däl at<br>
ýab däl ýap<br>
saj däl saç<br><br>
== Nädip dogry türkmençe ýazmaly? ==
- Türkmençe ýazuwy dürs bolan bir resminama, websahypa, kitaplara seretmeli. Meselem:[http://www.tax.gov.tm Türkmenistanyň salgyt gullugy]<br>
- Sözlük we beýleki dürs ýazuw gollanmalaryndan peýdalanmaly.<br>
- Bilýän adamlardan soramaly<br>
== Näme üçin dürs ýazuw gerek? ==
- Bir edebi diliň barlygy we ösüşi onuň dürs we belli bir ülňülere görä ýazylýandygyna baglydyr.<br>
- Dogry aragatnaşygy ýola goýmak.<br>
- Diliň peýdalanyşynda eden-etdilikden gaça durmak<br>
== Ulanylan çeşmeler ==
[http://www.turkmens.com/Dersat/ Dersat]
[[en:Turkmen alphabet]]
[[is:Túrkmenska stafrófið]]
Türkmen milli oýunlary
1062
6854
2006-09-27T06:24:40Z
195.70.206.11
/* Töňňe-töňňe oýny */ - spam
Kiçi ýaşly çagalar üçin
==Geliň ogar-ogar oýnalyň==
Oýna azyndan 7-8 oýunçy gatnaşýar. Sanawaç sanalandan soň bijesi galan oýunçy möjek bolan bolup orta ýatýar. Beýleki oýunçylar gol tutuşyp, onuň daşyndan aýlanýarlar. Ýuwaş-ýuwaşdan möjege ýakynlap, ahyry birisi oňa elini degirýär. Şol wagt „oýanan“ möjek daşynda aýlanyşyp ýören, onuň oýananyny görüp gaçmaga başlan guzulary kowalamaga durýar. Bellenilen pellehana — „çopan ýatagyna“ çenli möjege guzulardan hiç birini tutmak başartmasa, ol ýene orta geçip ýatan bolýar. Eger birini tutaýsa, tutulan oýunçy möjek bolmaly bolýar.
== Töňňe-töňňe oýny ==
Tööňe-töňňänem oýnajaklaryň sany 7-8-den az bolmaly däl. Ilki bilen hemme oýunçylar sygar ýaly aýlaw çyzyk çyzmaly. Sanawaç sanalyp, bijesi galan töňňe bolmaly. Töňňe bolan oýunçy aýlaw çyzygyň daşynda bir çetde oturýar. Beýleki oýunçylar odun çöplemäge giden bolýarlar. Şonda bir oýunçy töňňäni tapan bolup „Töňňe tapdym, geliň muny „öýmüze“ äkideliň“ diýip gygyrýar. Oýunçylaryň hemmesi töňňäniň daşyna üýşýärler.
Ony goparan bolup, soň göterip aýlaw çyzygyň içne getirýärler. Töňňe garşylyk görkezmeýär. Töňňäni aýlaw çyzygyň içinde goýup, oýunçylar ýene-de odun çöplemäge giden boýarlar. Şol wagtam Töňňe oýanýar. Ol oýunçylardan islänini kowalamaga başlaýar.<br>
Töňňäniň elini degirip bilen oýunçysy tutuldygy hasaplanýar. Emma gaçyp aýlaw çyzygyň içine girip bilen oýunçy halas bolýar. Oýunçylaryň hiç birisi tutdurman, aýlaw çyzyga girip bilseler, töňňe ýene-de töňňeligine galýar. Eger oňa oýunçylardan birini tutmak başartsa, tutulan oýunçy töňňe bolýar.
== Guba gazlar ==
Bu oýny oýnamak üçinem oýunçylaryň sany 7-8-den az bolmaly däl. Bu gezek ini iki ädim çemesi bolan iki sany parallel çyzyk çyzýaň. Oýnuň dowamynda bu çyzyk „köpri“ bolup hyzmat eder. Sanawaç sanalyp, bijesi galan bu gezegem möjek bolýar. Beýleki oýunçylar bolsa guba gazlar bolýarlar. Olar ganatlary — ellerini galgadyp „köpriň“ golaýyna gelýärler. „Köprüde bolsa „möjek“ otyr. Gazlar ondan köprüden geçirmegini haýyş edýärler. Möjek bolsa olardan nirä barýanlaryny soraýar. Her guba gaz öz bilýän şäheriniň adyny aýdýar. Möjek gazlara: „Giden şäheriňizden maňa sowgat getirseňiz, geçireýin“ diýýär. Gazlar razy bolýarlar.
Möjek olary köprüsinden geçirýär. Gazlar köprüden geçip, bir salym ganat kakyp ýüzýärler, soň yzlaryna geçmek üçin ýene-de köprä gelýärler. Möjek olardan: „Boýun alan sowgatlaryňyzy getirdiňizmi?“ diýip soraýar. Gazlar „ýok“ diýip hersi birýana gaçmaga başlaýar. Möjek gazlary köprüsinden geçirmän tutjak bolýar. Tutulan oýunçy möjek bolýar, köprüden geçip bilen gazlar bolsa halas bolýarlar. Eger Möjek gazlaryň hiç birini tutup bilmese, ýene-de möjek bolmaly bolýar.
<br><br>
== Ulanylan çeşmeler ==
EÝHO - http://www.eyho.8m.net
Şirin-şeker datly gawun
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2005-11-05T00:47:33Z
Ugur Basak
30
[[Türkmen]] gawunlarynyň şan-şöhraty barada dünýäniň belli jahankeşdeleri we taryhçylary gyzykly maglumatlary galdyryp gidipdirler. XII asyrda ýaşap geçen fransuz syýahatçysy „Men hiç ýerde şeýle datly tagam datmandym“ diýse, on ikinji asyryň meşhur taryhçysy Al-Makdisi: „Merwiň kösükli ösümliklerine hem-de gawunlaryna taý geljek zat ýokdur“ diýipdir. Merw we Horezm gawunlaryny arap halyflary Mamunyň we Wasihiň köşklerine daşy buz bilen gurşalan gurşun gaplarda eltipdirler. Olar eltilmeli ýerine zaýalanman eltilen halatynda her gawun üçin 700 dirhem töläpdirler.
Fransua Bernýe on ýedinji asyrda gyş paslynda Delide Orta Aziýadan getirilen gawunlaryň gymmat bahadan satylýandygy hakynda ýazypdyr. Ol gawunlary pagta dolap eltýän ekenler. Türkmen gawunlary hytaý imperatorlarynyň, hindi şalarynyň we arap halifleriniň desterhanlaryny bezese, şirin-şeker türkmen gawunlary Soltan Sanjaryň, Baýram han Türkmeniň we beýleki türkmen hökümdarlarynyň söýer aşy bolupdyr.
Orta Aziýaly täjirler gawunlary Ýewropa hem äkidipdirler. Ýöne gawuny barjamly, baý adamlar satyn alyp bilipdir. Umuman, gawun şa desterhanyna mynasyp ýokumly iýmit hasaplanypdyr. Ýewropa patyşalary dabaraly gawun iýişlige öz golastyndakylaryň diňe golaýlaryny çagyrypdyrlar. Gawuny ýewropalylar diýseň gowy görüpdirler. Mysal üçin, Rim imperatory Klawdiý Albin ertirlik naharynda gawun iýmegi gowy görýän eken.
Lukman Hekim diýlip tanalýan meşhur Ibn Sina hem türkmen gawunlarynyň dürli kesellere dermandygyny aýdyp, olary öz tebipçilik işinde giňden ulanypdyr. Sebäbi gawunlaryň düzüminde gant, karotin, S,R witaminleri, adam organizmi üçin gymmatly minerallar köp. Gawun peşew halta, öt halta, bagra, az-azdan iýilse aşgazana, içegelere oňat täsir edýär. Ol nerw rahatlygyny döredip, keýpiňi çag edýär. Gün şöhlesiniň ýakymsyz täsirini aýyrýar. Waharman gawunynyň ternesi inçekeseliň, öýken keselleriniň, demgysmanyň dermanydyr.
Türkmenistanda gawunyň haýsy döwürlerden bäri ösdürilip ýetişdirilýändigi barada taryhyň saralan sahypalarynda maglumatlar bar. Muňa Merwde gazuw-agtaryş işleri geçirilen wagty gadymy Gäwürgaladan tapylan gawun çigitleri hem şaýatlyk edýär. Biziň eýýamymyzyň VI asyrynda Türkmenistanda bakja ekinlerini, esasanam gawundyr garpyz ekýän daýhanlar ýer üçin tölenýän salgytdan boşadylýan eken.
Biziň günlerimizde ýurdumyzyň babadaýhanlary gawunlaryň dürli görnüşlerini ösdürip ýetişdirýärler. Sahawatly topragyň nury çaýylan bereketli gawunyň ösdürilip ýetişdirilişine ünsüň güýçlenmegi ýöne ýerden däldir. Merhemetli Prezidentimiziň gawun baýramyny bellemek hakynda Perman çykaryp, şol baýramyň döwlet derejesinde bellenip geçilmegi türkmen gawunlaryny döreden ata-baba daýhanlarymyza uly hormatymyz bolup, beýleki bir tarapdan bolsa bu datly bakja önümiň ýurdumyzda ösdürilip ýetişdirilýändigine buýsanjymyzdyr.
== Ulanylan çeşmeler ==
EÝHO - http://www.eyho.8m.net
Türkmenlerde wagt aňladylyşy
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2006-11-25T11:07:43Z
Ga1taman
128
'''Daňdan wagty''' — Günüň dogjak ýeriniň ýagtylyp başlamagy.
'''Saba, säher wagty, ir ertir''' — Daň atandan gün dogýança. Tomus aýlarynda ol bir ýarym sagatlap dowam edýär.
'''Ertir wagty''' — Daň atandan Gün dogup, gowy ýerden saýlnýança. Şeýle hem ertir sözüniň geljek, indiki gün manysy hem bar. Mysal üçin, „bu gün bolmaz, ertir gel“ ýa-da „Ertirimizi (geljegimizi) göz öňünde tutsak“.
'''Salkyn''' — Bir gündiziň ýarsy. Mysal üçin, „Bu işi bir salkynda etse bolar“
'''Ertir salkyn''' — Gündiziň birinji ýarymy. Gün dogandan günortana çenli dowam edýär.
'''Öýlän salkyn''' — Gündiziň ikinji ýarymy. Günortandan ýarym sagat çemesi geçensoň başlanyp, gün ikindi bolýança dowam edýär.
'''Guşluk''' — Tomus günleri sagat 9 töweregi
'''Uly guşluk''' — Tomus günleri sagat 11 töweregi.
'''Günortan, günorta, çäş wagty, günorta garaňkysy''' — Günüň iň ýokary galýan wagty. Günortandan soň gün aşak inip ugraýar. Mysal üçin „Günorta boldy“, „Çarşenbe gün çäş wagty“.
'''Öýlän''' — Günortandan ýarym sagat çemesi geçenden soň başlanýar.
'''Ir öýlän''' — Günortan geçenden soň öýläniň giren ilkinji pursatlary.
'''Ak öýlän''' — Ir öýleden soň öýle guşluga çenli.
'''Öýle guşluk''' — Ak öýländen soň ikindä çenli.
'''Ikindi''' — Ýaşmasy golaýlan günüň reňkiniň üýtgäp gyzaryp başlaýan wagty. Ikindi girende her bir zadyň kölegesi öz boýunyň iki essesine günortanky kölegesiniň boýuny goşanyňdaky uzynlyga ýetýär.
'''Agşam''' — Gün ýaşan badyna agşam girýär we garaňky gatlyşýança dowam edýär.
'''Ir agşam, ilkagşam''' — Agşamyň ilkinji pursatlary. Ýaşan günüň ýagtysy solýança dowam edýär.
'''Giç agşam''' — Ýaşan günüň ýagtysy ýiteňkirläp, şapak doly ýitinçä, asmanda görünýän ýyldyzlar sanardan has köpelýänçä dowam edýär.
'''Ýassy''' — Agşamdan soň ýassy namazynyň okalýan wagty girende başlanýar.
'''Ýary gije''' — Gijäniň ýarpysynyň geçmegi. Gije umumy ikä bölünip, ýary gijeden öň we ýary gijeden soň diýlip hem atlandyrylýar.
== Türkmenbaşy eýýamynda wagt aňladylyş reformasy ==
'''Aý atlary'''<br>
<table cellpadding=5>
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><td>Iňlisçe</td><td>[[TSSR]] görnüşi</td><td>Türkmenbaşy eýýamynda</td></tr>
<tr><td>January</td><td>Ýanwar</td><td>[[Türkmenbaşy aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>February</td><td>Fewral</td><td>[[Baýdak aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>March</td><td>Mart</td><td>[[Nowruz aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>April</td><td>Aprel</td><td>[[Gurbansoltan aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>May</td><td>Maý</td><td>[[Magtymguly aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>June</td><td>Iýun</td><td>[[Oguzhan aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>July</td><td>Iýul</td><td>[[Gorkut aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>August</td><td>Awgust</td><td>[[Alp Arslan aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>September</td><td>Sentýabr</td><td>[[Ruhnama aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>October</td><td>Oktýabr</td><td>[[Garaşsyzlyk aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>November</td><td>Noýabr</td><td>[[Sanjar aý]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>December</td><td>Dekabr</td><td>[[Bitaraplyk aý]]</td></tr>
</table><br>
'''Hepdäniň günleri'''<br>
<table cellpadding=5>
<tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><td>Iňlisçe</td><td>Parsça-Türkmençe görnüşi</td><td>Türkmenbaşy eýýamynda</td></tr>
<tr><td>Monday</td><td>Duşenbe</td><td>[[Başgün]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Tuesday</td><td>Sişenbe</td><td>[[Ýaşgün]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wednesday</td><td>Çarşenbe</td><td>[[Hoşgün]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thursday</td><td>Penşenbe</td><td>[[Sogapgün]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Friday</td><td>Anna</td><td>[[Annagün]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Saturday</td><td>Şenbe</td><td>[[Ruhgün]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sunday</td><td>Ýekşenbe</td><td>[[Dynçgün]]</td></tr>
</table>
== Ulanylan çeşmeler ==
Türkmenistan telefon kodlary
1065
7368
2006-11-18T10:16:11Z
82.79.233.76
== '''[[Ahal]] WELAYATY''' ==
gypjak 001 392****<br>
bäherden 001 31*****<br>
gökdepe 001 32*****<br>
Kaka 001 33*****<br>
sarahs 001 34*****<br>
tejen 001 35*****<br>
babadaýhan 001 36*****<br>
Änew 001 37*****<br>
abadan 001 38*****<br>
== '''[[Balkan]] WELAYATY''' ==
TÜRKMENBAŞY 002 43***** <br>
Hazar (ÇELEKEN) 002 40*****<br>
Gumdag 002 41*****<br>
Etrek (Gyzyletrek) 002 42*****<br>
Balkanabat (Nebitdag)002 22*****<br>
Türkmenbaşy 002 444****<br>
Esenguly 002 45*****<br>
Serdar (Gyzylarbat) 002 46*****<br>
Bereket (Gazanjyk) 002 47*****<br>
Magtymguly (Garrygala) 002 48***** <br>
== '''[[Daşoguz]] WELAYATY''' ==
Daşoguz 003 22*****<br>
Tagta 003 40*****<br>
Ýylanly 003 43*****<br>
Akdepe 003 44*****<br>
Gubadag 003 45*****<br>
Boldumsaz 003 46*****<br>
KÖNEÜRGENÇ 003 47*****<br>
Nyýazow 003 48*****<br>
Türkmenbaşy 003 49*****<br>
== '''[[Lebap]] WELAYATY''' ==
TÜRKMENABAT (Çärjew) 004 22*****<br>
Gowurdak 004 31*****<br>
Nyýazow 004 32*****<br>
Gazojak 004 38*****<br>
Çarşangy 004 40*****<br>
Halaç 004 41*****<br>
Hojambaz 004 42*****<br>
Garabekewul 004 43*****<br>
Atamyrat (Kerki) 004 44*****<br>
Darganata 004 45*****<br>
Dänew 004 46*****<br>
Saýat 004 47*****<br>
Farap 004 48*****<br>
Sakar 004 49*****<br>
SEÝDI 004 61*****<br>
Dostluk 004 65*****<br>
== '''[[Mary]] WELAYATY'''==
Mary 005 22*****<br>
Ýagty ýol 005 57*****<br>
Mollanepes 005 58*****<br>
Gulanly 005 59*****<br>
Ýoloten 005 60*****<br>
Serhetabat (Gyşgy) 005 61*****<br>
Bayramaly 005 64*****<br>
Murgap 005 65*****<br>
Sakarçäge 005 66*****<br>
Tagtabazar 005 68*****<br>
Türkmengala 005 69*****<br>
Türkmen dili
1066
8258
2006-12-14T02:23:19Z
Atamyrat
15
'''Türkmen dili''' : Türkmenistanyň resmi dili.
[[Elipbiý]]
== Taryhy ==
Türkmeniň häzirki ulanylýan edebi diliniň döreýşi köp kişi tarapyndan Magtymgulynyň şygryýeti bilen baglanyşdyrylýar. Magtymguly ilkinjileriň hatarynda halkyň ulanýan dilini öz çylşyrymly dini-pelsepi-sosial temalarda ýazylan şygyrlaryna sygdyrmagy başarypdyr. Şol bir wagtyň özünde gündelik türkmen durmuşynyň meselelerine hem örän ýiti çemeleşmegiň hötdesinden gelendigi üçin türkmenleriň we beýleki Merkezi Aziýa halklarynyň arasynda aýratyn hormatdan peýdalanýar.
== Dile eýe çykanlar ==
Serhoş bolup çykar, jiger daglanmaz,<br>
Daşlary syndyrar, ýoly baglanmaz,<br>
Gözüm gaýra düşmez, köňül eglenmez,<br>
Magtymguly, sözlär tili türkmeniň<br>
== Käbir goýberilýän ýalňyşlyklar ==
meň däl meniň
şumat däl şu wagt
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[am:ቱርክመንኛ]]
[[ast:Turcomanu]]
[[az:Türkmən dili]]
[[bg:Туркменски език]]
[[br:Turkmeneg]]
[[ca:Turcman]]
[[de:Turkmenische Sprache]]
[[en:Turkmen language]]
[[es:Idioma turcomano]]
[[fi:Turkmeenin kieli]]
[[fr:Turkmène]]
[[id:Bahasa Turkmen]]
[[it:Lingua turcmena]]
[[ja:トルクメン語]]
[[ko:투르크멘어]]
[[ms:Bahasa Turkmen]]
[[nl:Turkmeens]]
[[no:Turkmensk språk]]
[[pl:Język turkmeński]]
[[pt:Língua turcomena]]
[[ru:Туркменский язык]]
[[sv:Turkmeniska]]
[[th:ภาษาเติร์กเมน]]
[[tr:Türkmen Türkçesi]]
[[zh:土库曼语]]
Magtymguly
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[[Image:Magtymguly Pyragy.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Magtymguly Pyragy]]
'''Magtymguly Pyragy''', [[XVIII asyr]]da [[ýaşan]], [[türkmen]] klassyky edebiýatynyň kämilleşmegine örän uly goşant goşan, türkmen edebi dilini ösdürmekde uly işler bitiren şahyrdyr.
==Umumy Maglumat==
Ol öz halkynyň azatlygyny we özbaşdaklygyny arzuw eden, halk ara-synda beyik söýgä mynasyp bolan klassykdyr. Magtymguly özüniň dürdäne döredijiligi bilen adamkärçiligiň iň gowy suratlarynyň wasp edip, ulumsylyk edýänleri, tekepbirleri, şöhratparazlary, harsydünýärleri rehimsiz paş eden şahyrdyr. Magtymguly edebiýaty halk köpçüligine has ýakynlaşdyryar. Ol edebiýatyň dili, tematikasy jähitden göniden-göni halkyň jümmüşine aralaşýar, onuň zeruriýetliklerinden ugur alýar.
==Magtymgulynyň ömri-durmuşy==
Türkmen halkynyň beýik ogly Magtymguly-Pyragy gökleň türkmenlerindendir. Ol takmynan, 1733-nji ýylda Gürgen derýasynyň boýunda, Hajygowşan diýen ýerde eneden dogulýar. Ol ömrüniň köpisini [[Etrek]], [[Gürgen]], [[Garrygala]] sebitlerinde geçiripdir. Şahyr "Älem belgilidir" diýen şygrynda
''Ýaz geler, wagt-da gidre, gaflata çykmyş gözlerim.
Açaýyn diýsem açylmaz, ne agyr uýkulydyr;
Bilmeýin soranlara aýdyň, bu garyp adymyz:
Asly-gerkez, ýurdy-Etrek, ady-Magtymgulydyr''
diýip, öz adyny we niredendigini, kimlerdendigini aýdýar.
Magtymguly-Pyragy başlangyç terbiýäni kakasy Döwletmämmet-Azadydan alýar. Ol bu barada:
„Ylym öwreden ussat-kyblam pederdir“ - diýip ýazýar.
Magtymguly ilki oba mekdebinde okayar. Onuň ilkinji mugallymyna Nyýazsalyh diýer ekenler. Magtymguly örän zehinli we ýiti akylly bolupdyr. Ol dürli kitaplary çakdan- aşa köp we irginsiz okapdyr. Magtymguly ýaş wagty kakasyndan, ejesinden we obanyň garry adamlaryndan köp-köp halk rowalary, goşgy-gazallary, erteki we nakyllary öhwes bilen diňleýär eken. Ol kakasy Döwletmämmet- Azadyny döreden eserleriniň köpüsini ýatdan öwrenipdir.
Magtymgulynyň zehinliligine, okuwa höwesliligine göz ýetiren Döwletmämmet onuň ylymly adam bolup ýetişmeginiň aladasyny edipdir. Xvýýý asyrda Etrek, Ahal, Mary sebilerinde güýçli medreseler bolmandyr. Şonuň üçin hem Döwletmämmet- Azadyny öz oglyny ilki Halajyň Gyzylaýak obasynda ýerleşýän, şol wagt güýçli hasap edilen Idris babanyň medresesinde okuwa iberýär. Magtymguly bu medresede birnäçe wagt okaýar. Soňra ol Buhara gidýär, Buharada Gögeldaş atly mdresä okuwa gidär we onda iki ýyl okaýar. Şahyr şol medresede ders berýän siriýaly türkmen Nury Kazym ibn Bahr bilen hem tanyşýar we onuň bilen doslaşýar. Emma medresedäki talyplaryň tertip-düzgüniniň bozuklygy Magtymgulynyň bu medresäni taşlamagyna sebäp bolýar.
Magtymguly esasy bilimi Hywadaky «Şirgazy» medresesinde alýar. Ol «Şirgazy» medresesinde üç ýyl okaýar. Medresede berilýän sapaklaryň daţynda hem Gündogaryň görnükli ţahyrlary: Nyzamynyň, Nsiminiň, Fizulynyň, Nowaýynyň we başgalaryň eserlerini irginsiz okaýar. Ol medresede okaýanlaryň arasynda özüni derrew tanadyp, zehinli talyplaryň hataryna goşulýar. Okuwyň ilkinji ýylynda Magtymguly talyplaryň halypasy bolýar. Soňky ýylda bolsa, mugallym özi ýok wagty sapak geçirmegi-de Magtymgula ynanýar ekeni. Magtymguly öz döwrüniň iň bilimli we düşünjeli adamy bolup ýetişipdir.
== Eserleri ==
Iň köp bilinýän milli duýgular bilen ýogrulan goşgularynyň arasynda "Türkmeniň","Türkmen binasy" goşgularyny mysal getirmek bolar.
[[en:Magtymguly Pyragy]]
[[fa:مختومقلی فراغی]]
== Serediň ==
Magtymguly hakda
http://www.tmolympiad.org/index.php?q=node/436#comment-3224
Ýazyjylar we şahyrlar
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Elipbiý tertibinde türkmen ýazyjy we şahyrlary<br><br>
== TÜRKMEN EDEBIÝATYNYÑ KLASSYKLARY==
[[Hoja Ahmed Ýasawy|Hoja Ahmed Ýasawy (takm. 1100-1166)]]<br>
[[Aly Owhadetdin Enweri|Aly Owhadetdin Enweri (takm. 1100-10 – 1191)]]<br>
[[Mahmyt Pälwan|Mahmyt Pälwan (1247–1326)]]<br>
[[Ýunus Emre|Ýunus Emre (1240-1320)]]<br>
[[Seýit Nesimi|Seýit Nesimi (1369-1417)]]<br>
[[Kazy Ahmed Burhaneddin Siwasly]]<br>
[[Jahanşa Garagoýunly Hakyky |Jahanşa Garagoýunly Hakyky (XIII asyr)]]<br>
[[Soltan Ýakup Türkmen |Soltan Ýakup Türkmen (XIII asyr)]]<br>
[[Muhammed Fuzuly|Muhammed Fuzuly (1494-1555)]]<br>
[[Ysmaýyl şahyr|Ysmaýyl şahyr (1486 – 1524)]]<br>
[[Muhammed Horezmi|Muhammed Horezmi (XIV asyr)]]<br>
[[Abdybeg Şirazy |Abdybeg Şirazy ”Nüwidi” (1515–80)]]<br>
[[Ýolguly ”Jahy”, ”Anisi”|Ýolguly ”Jahy”, ”Anisi” (1535-45 – 1605)]]<br>
[[Abdyrahaym, Baýramhanyñ ogly|Abdyrahaym, Baýramhanyñ ogly, (1556–1626)]]<br>
[[Hasanbeg Ytaby|Hasanbeg Ytaby (1564 – 1616)]]<br>
[[Garajoglan|Garajoglan (1606 – 1679-89)]]<br>
[[Döwletmämmet Azady|Döwletmämmet Azady(1700-60)]]<br>
[[Magtymguly Pyragy|Magtymguly Pyragy(1733—98)]]<br>
[[Nurmuhammed Andalyp|Nurmuhammed Andalyp (takm. 1711-80)]]<br>
[[Mahmyt Gaýyby|Mahmyt Gaýyby (XVIII asyr)]]<br>
[[Abdylla Şabende|Abdylla Şabende (1720-1800)]]<br>
[[Şeýdaýy|Şeýdaýy (takm. 1730-1800)]]<br>
[[Şakendi|Şakendi (XVIII asyr)]]<br>
[[Magrupy|Magrupy (1734-1810)]]<br>
[[Myrat Talyby|Myrat Talyby (1766–1848)]]<br>
[[Mollanepes |Mollanepes (1810-62)]]<br>
[[Mämmetweli Kemine|Mämmetweli Kemine (takm. 1770-1840)]]<br>
[[Seýitnazar Seýdi|Seýdi (1775-1836)]]<br>
[[Zelili|Zelili (1780-1852)]]<br>
[[Abdysetdar Kazy|Abdysetdar Kazy (1791–1880)]]<br>
[[Baýly şahyr|Baýly şahyr (1800–80)]]<br>
[[Öweztagan Kätibi|Öweztagan Kätibi (1803–81)]]<br>
[[Dosmämmet |Dosmämmet (1815–65)]]<br>
[[Annagylyç Mätäji|Annagylyç Mätäji (1822-84)]]<br>
[[Oraz Aşyky|Oraz Aşyky (1829–80)]]<br>
[[Misgyngylyç|Misgyngylyç (1847–1906)]]<br>
== DÖWÜRDEŞ TÜRKMEN EDEBIÝATY ==
[[Berdi Kerbabaýev]]<br>
[[Hydyr Derýa]]<br>
[[Nurmyrat Saryhanov]]<br>
[[Agahan Durdyýev]]<br>
[[Ata Salyh]]<br>
[[Mollamurt]]<br>
[[Durdy Haldurdy]]<br>
[[Çary Aşyr]]<br>
[[Rehmet Seýidov]]<br>
[[Gara Seýitli]]<br>
[[Garaja Burun]]<br>
[[Beki Seýtäkov]]<br>
[[Aman Kekil]] <br>
[[Şaly Kekil]] <br>
[[Pomma Nurberdi]] <br>
[[Ata Köpek Mergen]] <br>
[[Annasoltan Kekilova]] <br>
[[Güseýin Muhtarov]]<br>
[[Towşan Esenova]]<br>
[[Berdi Soltanýazov]] <br>
[[Täşli Gurban]] <br>
[[Arap Gurban]] <br>
[[Gurbannazar Ezizow]]<br>
[[Halyl Kulyýev]]<br>
[[Kerim Gurbannepes]]<br>
[[Italmaz Nuryýev]]<br>
[[Tirkiş Jumageldiýev]]<br>
[[Atajan Tagan]]<br>
[[Rahym Esenov]]<br>
[[Ýylgaý Durdy]]<br>
[[Akmyrat Şirov]]<br>
[[Şiraly Nurmyradov]]<br>
[[Bapba Gökleñ]]<br>
[[Ahmet Halmyradov]] <br>
[[Ak Welsapar]]<br>
[[Ýowşan Annagurban]]<br>
[[Orazgylyç Çaryýev]] <br>
[[Gowşutgeldi Dañatarov]] <br>
[[Mämmetnazar Babanazarov]] <br>
[[Juma Hudaýguly]] <br>
[[Pyhy Tagan]] <br>
[[Aman Janmyradov]] <br>
[[Aman Annadurdy]] <br>
[[Hudaýberdi Hally]] <br>
Gurbannazar Ezizow
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193.251.135.125
'''Gurbannazar Ezizow'''
([[1940]]-[[1975]])
Gurbannazar Ezizow - talantly türkmen şahyry, Türkmenistanyň Magtymguly adyndaky Döwlet baýragynyň eýesi.
Gurbannazar Ezizow 1940-njy ýylyň 1-nji martynda Aşgabat etrabynyň Büzmeýin obasynda eneden bolýar. 1948-nji ýylda mekdebe barýar we 1959-njy ýylda Aşgabat şäherindäki 29-njy orta mekdebi tamamlaýar. Şol ýyl Türkmen döwlet uniwersitetiniň filologiýa fakultetine okuwa girýär. Uniwersiteti 1964-nji ýylda tamamlaýar we Çagalar edebiýatynyň birleşen neşirýatynyň redaksiýasyna işe eberilýär. Şol ýylam goşun gullugyna çagyrylýar. 1965-nji ýylda gullugy tamamlap geleninden soň, 1970-nji ýyla çenli “Edebiýat we sungat” gazetiniň poeziýa (şygyrýet) bölüminiň müdiri bolup işleýär. 1972-nji ýyldan ömrüniň ahyryna çenli Türkmenistan Ýazyjylar birleşiginde edebi geňeşçi bolup işleýär.
Gurbannazar Ezizow 1975-nji ýylyň 29-njy sentýabrynda Turkmenbasyda yas yazyjy-sahyrlaryn butinsoyuz dususyklary wagtynda Gazanjyk obasynyn yanyndaky sossede tragiki yagdayda (sowet esgeri tarapyndan atylyp oldurilyar) aradan çykýar. Onun bilen bilelikde moskwaly sahyr Wasiliy Sabanow we turkmen sahyry Yuriy Rebinow hem aradan cykyar.Onun dort gyzy we bir ogly bar.
<p>
<pre>
MAGISTRAL
Ýene güýz. Güýz bolsa saralýar ýaprak,
Sary şemal ony tänderip geçýär.
Çaga dogran enä meňzeş bu toprak,
Topragyň üstünden ömürler geçýär.
Bar sary töwerek şeýle ajaýyp,
Bar sary töwerek ýalaňaç bu gün.
Bu tämiz, manyly görnüşe gaýyp,
Şoňa telwas edýär bu däli göwün.
Ine, şu bag kimin ussatlyk bilen
Sypyrsam pikiriň ähli gabygyn.
Saklasam ruhumda geljek ýazy men -
Şat baharyň ol hamyla gämigin.
Güýz paýhasy bilen pikir öwürsem,
Ýazym gelse, ýagty pikir dogursam.
</pre>
Kerim Gurbannepesov
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193.6.218.9
Kerim Gurbannepesow
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2006-09-25T22:59:29Z
202.185.22.28
'''Kerim Gurbannepesow''' ([[1929]]-[[1988]])
Türkmenistanyň halk ýazyjysy, Magtymguly adyndaky Döwlet baýragynyň eýesi Kerim Gurbannepesow 1929-njy ýylda Gökdepe etrabynyň Ýylgynly obasynda eneden dogulýar. Obadaky ýedi ýyllyk mekdebi gutarýar. Uruş döwrüniň agyr kynçylyklary sebäpli olaryň maşgalasy Tejene göçmeli bolýarlar. Şahyr 1945-1946-njy ýyllarda Tejen derýasynyň boýunda gurulýan suw howdanynyň gurluşygynda işlän döwründe ýörite gurluşykçylar üçin çykarynýan gazetde jogapkär sekretar bolup işleýär. 1949-1951-nji ýyllarda goşun gullugynda bolup dolanyp geleninden soň ýene-de žurnalistlik kärinde işe başlaýar.
Kerim Gurbannepesow Magtymguly adyndaky Türkmen döwlet uniwersitetini tamamlaýar. Türkmenistan Ýazyjylar birleşiginde, “Tokmak”, “Sowet edebiýaty” žurnallarynda jogapkär wezipelerde işledi. Ol Ýazyjylar soýuzynyň başlygynyň orunbasary, Prawleniýe agzasy, Türkmenistanyň Ýokary sowetiniň deputaty bolup, il-ýurduna jany-teni bilen hyzmat etdi.
Kerim Gurbannepesow 1988-nji ýylyň 1-nji sentýabrynda aradan çykdy.
<hr>
<pre>
Şahyr! Şahyrlygyň çyn bolýan bolsa,
Sönüp, ýanyp,
ýene sönüp, ýanyp git.
Ynsanlyk ýazgydyň
çuň bolýan bolsa,
Gara ýere
çümüp, çykyp,
çümüp git.
</pre>
ÝÜREK POEMASY
“Pylanynyň ýerinde bolan bolsam,
köp zatlary düzederdim... ” “Ýok, her
haýsymyzyň öz ornumyzda näme iş
edip biljekdigimiz hakynda oýlanmalydyrys.
Men näme üçin doguldym?
Adamyň bütin ömri şu soragyň jogabydyr.”
Okyja hatdan
BIR başyň bar, müň işiň bar dünýäde,
Müň şükür! Ýykylyp galmaýşyň besdir.
Baryna ýetmeli paýy-pyýada,
Tigirçek hökman däl -
Şu köwşüň besdir.
Bir köwşüň tozdumy - ýene bir köwüş,
Ikinji tozdumy - üçünjä çalyş,
Her bagy çözlende ýer bilen emiş,
Toprak ajykdyrmaz -
Şol aşyň besdir.
Ertir bolmaz ýaly dilleriň peltek,
Täze menzillere ýetmeli entek.
Duşsa-da ýoluňda müň dürli kötek,
Diýme: “Dynç gulagym,
Aç başym besdir!”
Haýwana mahsusdyr aç baş, dynç gulak,
Ynsana mahsus zat - döretmek, gurmak,
Döredilýän ýerde dynç almaz gursak,
Öň ene bagrynda
Dynç alşyň besdir.
Ýöremeli ýoluň gysgamy, uzak -
Durmak jenaýatdyr ýatýança ýürek.
Diýýärler: “Ýüregi aýamak gerek!”
Dogrudyr.
Ýöne öz aýaşyň besdir.
Ýürege girmezmiş ýüregin aýan,
Ýürek aýan - bermez iline peýan.
(Gapdalyňda barka bir tebip aýal -
Ýürek işlär.
Ýalňyz syrdaşyň besdir).
Näçe dartylsa-da kebzäňde damar,
Gözüň ejizligi bermesin habar,
Sagmyň ýa näsagmyň - işiňi oňar,
Başda adam bolup
Döreýşiň besdir.
Öz seçen kärini oňarsa her kim,
Ýarpy ýeňledermiş dünýäniň ýükün.
Ýekeje hünäre ýöretseň höküm -
Iliňe bergidar bolmaýşyň besdir.
Sowal berdi student gyz Roza:
“Puşkin ýaly haçan ýazjak proza?”
Jogap berdim: “Ili goýman azara,
Goşgymy oňarsam,
Şol işim besdir!”
Ýene biri diýdi: “Misli, Pyragy,
Sözleň merjeninden döret bir dagy!”
Men diýdim: “O zatlar möçberňe bagly,
Dag däl,
Meniň üçin bir daşam besdir!”
NANYŇY
goşgudan berse-de ykbal,
Goşgudan öň
adam bolmagyň hökman
Şygyr bilen uly ynsap birikmän -
Şahyr-da, ynsan-da bolmaýşyň besdir.
Ak bilen garadyr garagyň reňki,
Şolaň haýsy seniň ýüregiň reňki?
Birisini saýlap, diýme: “Şu meňki!”
Iller aýdar -
Birje ýylgyrşyň besdir.
Ömrüňde etdiňmi kişä bahyllyk?
(Ili bahyllykdan gorar şahyrlyk!)
Dünýäde bir müýnüň - aşyk Tahyrlyk.
Täk däl.
Goşa söýgä ýugrulşyň besdir.
Nirelerde ýörsüň ilkinji söýgi?
Bir ýerlerde barmyň gyzlaryň tugy?
Gumdan owaz geldi “Eý, yşkyň ogly,
Men bar.
Ýöne maňa ... guwanşyň besdir!”
Nirelerde ýörsüň, ilkinji söýgi?
Bir ýerlerde barmyň bagtymyň bagy?
Öýmüzden ses çykdy: “Eý, adam ogly,
“Söýýän! Söýýän!” diýip,
Ýaňraşyň besdir!”
Birisi Säheriň, biri Guşlugyň,
Biri Oglanlaryň, biri Ýaşlygyň.
Birinjisi - diňe salamlaşdygyň,
Ikinjä
Ömürlik baglanyşyň besdir.
Şeýdip pähim ýygnap söýgüden söýgä,
Ýetdiň on üç sany gülälek çaga.
Şolardan bäşisin gömüp ak çägä,
Bäş gezek
Gizlenip aglaýşyň besdir.
GÜLÜBER, işläber, saýraber, şahyr.
Hyjuwyň hiç haçan bolmasyn ahyr!
Bäşinji müçede diýdirip jahyl,
Dünýäniň mährinden
Doýmaşyň besdir.
Kalp däldir mähirsiz, söýgüsiz kalp.
(Beýle kalp ýa boşdur, ýogsa-da galp!)
Bir uly ýygnakda ör boýuna galyp,
diýdi biri:
“Şahyr, saýraşyň besdir!” -
Söýgüsiz oňmandyr, oňmazam ýürek.
Ýöne gapdalynda ýigrenjem gerek.
Ogra-jümrä, egrä gelende gezek, -
Diýdi ol - ýöwselläp,
Ýygrylşyň besdir!”
“Örän dogry! - diýdi yzdan bir gelin-
Näm üçin henizem ýatanok galyň?
Agam on ýyl ozal karz alan pulun
Henizem üzüp ýör...
Duýmaşyň besdir!”
Arman, ne sülçi sen, ne-de prokuror.
Ýöne igenmäge gelniň haky bar.
Seniň söz diýilýän ötgür okuň bar,
Atjak-atjak bolup,
Giç galşyň besdir.
Şygyr atylmaly! Ýeňmeli şygyr!
Şoňa arkalanýar her köýen bagyr.
Döwrüň arkasyna düşen ýagyr
Şondan em almaly!
Ýalňyşyň besdir.
Söýgä çürşen bolsa öýkeniň ýary,
Indi il derdinden çürşmeli bary.
Ykbalyňdan nalap, çekmegin zary,
Şeýleräk täleýi
Saýlaşyň besdir.
Şygryňy dokuz aý bagryňda sakla,
Şondan soň stoluň üstüne okla.
Gygyryp dogur-da,
gygyrman oka,
Doglaňda
Gygyryp dogulşyň besdir.
Uludyryn öýtme etseler taryp!
Kiçidirin öýtme peseltse görip!
Ne uly, ne kiçi, ne baý, ne garyp,
Tüýs baryp ýatany-
Şu bolşuň besdir.
Ýalaňaç, aç-suwsuz galmasaň gatap,
Soranlara diýseň: “Aý, bardyr bir tap...”
Bir stol, üç keçe; iki müň kitap-
Başga zat gerek däl,
Şo goşuň besdir.
Işläňde işleseň öz başyň bilen,
Gyşlaňda gyşlasaň öz gyşyň bilen,
Dişläni dişleseň öz dişiň bilen -
Gädijegem bolsa,
Öz dişiň besdir.
Diş hakda, ýaş hakda irräk-le heniz!
Seret, bagyň içi säher dek tämiz,
Hanha iki gelin, ýene-de üç gyz
Saňa lak atýarlar.
Şu ýaşyň besdir.
Joralaň bäşisem misli gül-çeçek.
Ak gelin, seslendi misli ak ýüpek:
“Şahyr, büküljiräp ýöreme entek,
Sen garrama,
Dünýäň garraýşam besdir!”
Katdymy dikledim. Sowuldym ýoldan,
“Dinden çyk-diýlipdir-çykmagyn ilden!”
Oturdym, gülüşdim... Perişde däl men,
Adamdan doglupdym.
Şo dogşum besdir.
Goý, ýaşlyk mährinden güýç alsyn ýürek,
Ikisin okap ber
bir goşga derek.
Okadym. Ýol ogly ýolunda gerek:
“Hoş, gyzlar,
Biderek güýmeşim besdir!”
ÖÝMÜZE ugradym. Şäher lälezar.
Müň bagtly ýigit bar, nowça läle bar,
Olar ne geýme zar, ne-de bala zar,
Guwanyp,
Giň köçä sygmaşym besdir.
Ak şäher gök baga basyrnyp otyr,
Ilerde Köpetdag keserlip otyr.
(Aşgabat tegelek asyrlyk otyr,
Ýene müň asyra
Gol berşim besdir.
Gündizler abadan, gijeler tämiz.
Kempirler owadan, gojalar eziz.
...Gök gapyň agzynda gulpaklyja gyz
“Waý!” diýip gygyrdy.
Ylgaşym besdir.
Bir görsem murtluja dodagyn gemrip,
Ogly atasyna çenäp dur ýumruk.
Ýigidiň ýumrugyn yzyna gaňryp,
Görejine bakdym:
Doňmaşym besdir.
Göreji buz ýaly, gaşlary gara.
Boýy iki metr, saçy üç sere.
Maşynyn dyrmalap seretdi ýere.
Ene hüňürdedi:
“Dogmaşyň besdir!”
Ata bir ah çekdi. Aýylganç dymdy.
(Erkekde beýle zat görmändim şindi!)
Şu nokatdan eýläk geçmäýin indi,
Siz gyýylmaň,
Meniň gyýylşym besdir.
Ýöne men bir zady goýmaýyn kaza,
Ýogsa ýüregimde galar bir yza.
Ata el gatana
gözlense jeza,
Jezalaň
Ulusyn saýlaşym besdir.
Ýene ýola düşdim. Ýagtyldy köçe-
Göründi uzakdan aksakgal goja-
Miweli agaç dek eglip çalaja,
Gelýär ol,
Nurundan ganmyşym besdir.
Tanaýarmyň ýa-da tanaňokmy sen-
Bi:salam geçmäge dälsiň hakly sen.
Saçyň çalarsa-da,
düýnki tokly sen.
Gudraty
Ýüzüňe sylmaşyň besdir.
Ugradym.
Göründi ýene bir güneş-
Ak saç ene gelýär ak bagta meňzeş.
Yuwaş! Ýuwaş! Akja “Žiguly”, ýuwaş!
Ene geçsin! Ýoluň baglaşyň besdir.
Akja torbasynda käşirmi sogan,
Ene gelýär! Öňün kesmek gadagan!
Nirä sürnüp barýaň, taksiçi dogan?
Dogranyň kimdigin
Bilmeýşiň besdir.
Çyralaryn ýakdy ýüz ýaşly şäher.
Gyzlaryň deminden döränmiş säher.
Ýöne säher
näçe bolsa-da ýeser,
Agşamy-da
Pesde goýmaşym besdir.
Hanha bir gyz gelýär
Sülgünmi, durna -
Gabaklary ýüpek, ýaňagy hurma.
Iň eziz, iň tanyş
ys urdy burna,
Baş Söýgimi ýatlap,
Köreşim besdir.
Gözleri-de tanyş, gaşy-da tanyş,
Giň alny-da tanyş, dişi-de tanyş.
On sekiz-on dokuz ýaşy-da tanyş,
Keşbin görüp,
Şagga derleşim besdir.
Bir golundan tutup ýandaky joraň,
Ýag dek akdy gitdi. Açyldy aram.
Soraň, eý, agaçlar,
şo gyzdan soraň!
Keşbi tanyş!
Tanap bilmeşim besdir.
Agaçlaň birinden çykdy bir owaz:
“Şahyr, başky Söýgiň balasy şol gyz!”
Şo bada ýüregme girip bir nyýaz,
Esli wagt
Özüme gelmeşim besdir.
Bitipdir, ösüpdir enä mynasyp.
Gözler düýpsüz derýa, nury bihesip,
Söýjek ýigit,
sen bir galma binesip,
Sen jowranma,
Meniň jowranşym besdir!
Barýar topar-topar gyzlar-gelinler.
(şäherliler hem-de myhman gelenler).
Söýgüden aglanlar ýa-da gülenler-
Haýsyňyz köp?
Size ýüzlenşim besdir.
Dymyp geçip barýar gözellik sili,
Her gözel-bir bagtyň sütüni ýaly.
(sütünler saklaýar Watany, ili!)
Şolarsyz
Ýetim dek müzzerşiň besdir.
Joşup Gözelligiň tolkunna görä,
Ýöräber ýaşlygyň akymna görä!
Çokul diýen zat hem akylňa görä
Ykjar eken
Ozal aňmaýşym besdir.
Öň ýanymdan barýar bir harman çogul.
Ýeňseden kükäp dur gözdäki akyl.
Ýanyndaky goç hem - duran bir nakyl!
Toraňňymy ýatlap,
Ýuwdunşym besdir.
Zyýany ýok! Söýüp gyzlaň naýbaşyn,
Öwrenipdiň dünýäň dürsün, ýalňyşyn.
(Söýmedige düşnüksizdir durmuşyň,
Söýen üçin -
Birje dem alşyň besdir).
Dünýäde
şol Aýal sag gezip ýörkän,
Ýüregim daşdandyr, dagdandyr arkam.
Şonuň aýak yzy toprakda barkan-
Ýeri agyrtmaga
Dözmeýşim besdir.
MYDAM Gözellige dikip nazarym,
Gödekligi nyşanama alaryn.
...Myssarmaň, agsamaň, kapyýalarym,
Dim-dik ýöräň,
Size söýenşim besdir.
Bolsada-da myssyklyk, agsaklyk sende,
Eý, goşgym, bolmasyn biparhlyk sende!
Asmanyň astynda, ýeriň üstünde
Diňe
Biparhlardan eýmenşim besdir.
Maňlaýy bulutdyr. Nazary demir.
Gülküsi azapdyr. Ýylgyrşy jebir.
Ne-hä roman okar, ne-de bir şygyr,
Gözleriň görende
Demigşiň besdir.
Bir maýyp ýykylyp, köçede ýatyr.
Biparhlyk seredip, içerde ýatyr.
Ýürekde rehim ýok, gözde howatyr.
Ýüzüne bakaňda
Düwünşiň besdir.
Ili ýagy çapsyn - däldir parhyna,
Bir ýurdy ýer howsun - däldir parhyna.
Gynanmak, guwanmak ýatdyr ruhuna,
Ony düwnük bilen deňeşim besdir.
Goşgym,
çaga däl sen, sakgallysyň sen,
Murtuň towlap, orta çykmalysyň sen,
Kimi öpüp, kimi çakmalysyň sen.
Diňe şonda şahyr ykballysyň sen.
Ýogsa
Gara şaýa degmeşiň besdir.
ÖKJELERDEN gidip çüý dek formalar,
Döräpdir sagyrlak platformalar.
Şeýdiň-de arkaýyn ýöräň, durnalar,
Ýagşy zada
Sizçe begenşim besdir.
Deň ýarysy aşyk, deň ýary dogan,
WUZ-dan çogup çykdy ýüz gyz, ýüz oglan.
Gülgün köýnekli gyz, azajyk eglen,
Söz aýtjak!
Arzuwma meňzeşiň besdir.
Sagrysynda owlak gezibermeli,
Gözlerinde balyk ýüzübermeli,
Ýaňagyna goşgy ýazybermeli
Sen gyzy
Gelinlik belleýşim besdir.
Jaýyň içindenmi ýa-da astyndan,
Enäň sesi geldi ýeriň pestinden:
“Iki horjun puly okla üstümden!
Ýogsa gyz ýok! Pulsuz molaşyň besdir!”
Gorarys, eje jan, gyzlaryň erkin.
Galyň diýen zadyň bereris merkin.
Belläp onuň
üçün,
ýedisin,
kyrkyn,
Soň bolsa,
Aşyndan doýmaşym besdir...
Geçdi gapdalymdan, ýüz oglan, ýüz gyz,
Ädimler edepli, gürrüňler eziz.
Ýöne näçe-näçe hile bar heniz,
Içine gir,
Daşdan synlaşyň besdir!
Salam berip geçdi tanyş bir gelin.
Bagry pide-pide, ýüregi dilim.
Eý, gelin,
asmana ýetýärkä eliň,
Söýgi bilen
Gurjak oýnaýşyň besdir.
Ol ýigide seni çatmandy hiç kim,
Şepbik dek ýelmeşdiň.
Tirkeşdiň üç gün.
Dördünji gün derrew sypadyň saçyn,
Başinji gün
Eýýäm aldanşyň besdir.
Peseltdiň mukaddes mertebäňi sen,
Aýlap ýere çaldyň gyz jygaňy sen.
Indem
başa düşen pajygaňy sen
Içiňe sygdyrman,
Aglaşyň besdir.
Erkin-ygtyýaryň, elbetde, seňki,
Ýöne weli dälsiň özüň özüňki!
Özüň - Watanyňky, Watan - biziňki.
Seni Watan kimin
Gabanşym besdir...
GEPLEDI Aşgabat. Ýaňlandy konsert.
Özgert, aýdym, gödek zatlary özgert!
Her gezek tenime girende bir dert,
Diňe seni diňläp,
Sagalşym besdir.
Tutuş bagrym bilen guwanyp ýagşa,
Öýe ýetip barýan diň salyp bagşa.
Hiý, şu wagtam
signal bolar oguşýar!
Eý, maşyn,
Bimahal gugurşyň besdir.
Göter, Sahy bagşy, ýene-de göter,
Göter, Çuwal bagşy, ondanam beter.
Göterdiler. Serpaý haýsyna ýeter?
Bir serpaýy
Des-deň paýlaşym besdir.
Ikisi-de biri-birinden beýik
(Beýikleň boýuny ölçemek aýyp!)
“Her haýsy bir dagyň örküji” diýip,
Goşa daga
Dep-deň paýlaşym besdir.
Aýdymyň yzyndan ýaňlandy bir saz.
Bu niçik gudratka, bu niçik owaz?
(Mylly atam
gowşat taryňy biraz.
Ogluňy jadylap
Gynaýşyň besdir).
Onýança ýaňlandy ýene bir mukam.
Çalýanlaň ýüregi hazynamykan?
...EÝ, AÇGÖZ,
şuň ýaly baýlygymyz barkan,
Ýene baýlyk gözläp,
Aýnaşyň besdir.
Besdir mukam ýerne çişlik sygnaşyň.
Besdir alkyş ýerne gyzyl ýygnaşyň,
Besdir ili ütüp, gapa sygmaşyň,
Ynsabyňy satyp,
Ýognaşyň besdir.
Özüňki hasaplap il-günüň jübsün,
Sokjap, ýara edip döwletiň göwsün,
Dost-ýaran tutunyp adamlaň pisin,
Halallary
Adam sanmaşyň besdir.
Rüstemiň öňünde-billeriň orak,
Asgynyň öňünde-kamatyň derek.
Diňe agzyň gülýär, gülenok ýürek-
Çaňňalak dek
Sort-sort ýylgyrşyň besdir.
Jaýyňa seretseň-aňk edýär nagşy.
(Daşyn görýär, için bilenok goňşy!)
Ýaşaýyş jaýymy, Şasenem köşgi! -
Nämedigin
Zordan saýgarşyň besdir.
Derwezäniň öňi-giden çarbaglyk.
Şapyrdap ses edýär howzuňda balyk,
Gol çekip alýanyň näçeräk aýlyk?
Ortaça işçiňkä
Deňleşim besdir.
Emma jamyň gyzyl, çäýnegiň gyzyl
Portsigaryň gyzyl, äýnegiň gyzyl.
“Näme üçin dälkä köýnegim gyzyl?”
Müň şükür,
Bir şony diýmeşiň besdir.
Ne ýasda görünýäň, ne-de bir toýda.
(Bilemok çal beýniň niçiksi küýde!)
Goňşyň ýas baglaýar, sen bolsa öýde,
Äpişgeden jyklap,
Gözleşiň besdir.
Daşyňdan seretseň - duran medeniýet
Boýnuňda galstuk, egniňde jilet.
Eýläňde žurnal dur, eliňde gazet,
Diňe tiražlaryn
Barlaşyň besdir.
Öýüňde heňläp dur.
Bäş şkaf kitap -
Puşkin, Baýron ýatyr daş ýaly gatap,
Kerbabaýew dik dur iç-bagry tütäp...
Kitaplaryň diňe arkasyn sypap,
Saraýyň goýny dek
Synlaşyň besdir.
Okaýan kitabyň diňe bir Haýýam,
Şonam öz haýryňa ulanýaň, haýwan!
“Käte köpräk içsem, käýäýse aýal,
Diýýäň: “Şu şahyra
Daýanşym besdir!”
Ähli hereketiň hasaba görä,
Ýeke gymyldyň ýok ynsaba görä.
Diňe içen wagtyň,
kitaba görä
“Içip”,
Haýýamy-da aldaşyň besdir.
Güjügňi-de öz heňiňde jöwledýäň.
Pişigňe-de öz häsiýetiň öwredýäň.
(Goşgymy-da özüň ýaly ownadýaň!)
Eý, goşgym, belent dur!
Ownaşyň besdir.
ŞEÝLE pikirleri kalbyma gaplap,
Barýaryn mukama tenimi taplap.
Eý, mukam, dünýäni hapadan saplap
Bolmazmyka?
Jogap soraşym besdir.
Hapalyk azlykdyr. Tämizlik köplük.
Ýagyberse-durmaz öňünde süplük.
Ýagmaýan adamyň nyrhy bir köpük.
Çak, ýag, göreş!
Guk-paňk oýnaşyň besdir!
Onýança başlandy ýyldyrym urşy.
Birden şaglap geldi tomusyň ýagşy.
Diňse ýagşy,
guýsa ondanam ýagşy-
Ak ýagşy
Ak bagta deňeşim besdir.
Ýaplara gapgarlyp çöp-çalam, hapa,
Çagbanyň güýjünden döredi depe.
Ýene müňder-müňder ugrady çepe!
Gidiber!
Kenardan çogmaşyň besdir!
Çöpler bir-biriniň başyndan idip,
Kirler bir-biriniň üstünden ädip,
Gitdiler...
Dünýänem ýuwarys şeýdip!
Il güýjüne
Umyt baglaşym besdir.
Ýagyş ýagmasyny etdirýär dowam.
(Çabga, sende güýç bar, akylym haýran!)
Süllümbaý boldum-la! Hany saýawan?
Ýok gerek däl.
Kirden ýuwulşym besdir.
Megerem, gygyrsam:
“Ös, saçym, ös, ös!”
Maňlaýma saç biter. Seç, ýagmyram, seç!
Saçym gögermedi. (Gögermänler geç,
Bir mahal
Telpegme sygmaşyň besdir!)
ÝAGYŞ diňdi. Dünýä gül açdy niçik.
Äpişgeler açyk, işikler açyk.
Bütin şäher mawy ekrany açyp,
“Wagty” diňläp otyr.
Säginşim besdir.
Öýmüze çaltrak ýetmeli hökman.
Ýene-de nämeler tapdyka Ak tam?
Pentagon. Neýtron... Ertire çykman
Bir goşgy ýazmaly.
Äwmeşiň besdir.
Ýetdim köçämize. Garaldy iňrik.
Çagalar çapyp ýör gök hyýar gemrip.
Olaryň şatlygna bolup deň şärik.
Gapa ýetenimi
Duýmaşym besdir.
Öýe girdim. Derrew towladym “Wagty”.
Mawy ekran saçdy öýmüze ýagty.
Diýdi: “Eý, adamzat, geçirme wagty,
Erte giç bor.
Bidert ýaýnaşyň besdir! -
Asyryň aýagy - ullakan synag.
Dikeldi dünýäde iň elhenç sorag:
“Ýere miras goýjak nähili sylag -
Adammy, kerpiçmi?-
Saýlaşyň besdir!”-
Soňra howa hakda sözledi diktor.
Tebigatyň erbet howasy ýokdur!
Gökden ajal ýagsa - şol hatarrakdyr.
Eý, Koen,
Ajala çagyrşyň besdir!
Wagşy neýtronyň wagşy atasy.
Belli dälmi saňa dünýäň kartasy?
Öýüň üçin däl-de,
Ýeriň ortasy
Üçin
wagşy ogul dogurşyň besdir.
Berline çen ölçäp garyşma-garyş,
Ýigrimi milliony edipdik bagyş.
Şonda pida bilen öldürilen Uruş,
Ýene-de täzeden
Janlanşyň besdir!
Birdenkä ýene-de ýyldyrym çakdy.
Göýä bir okean topraga çökdi.
Ýeri aklyk tutdy. Garalyk akdy.
Gudrata
Demsalym aňalşym besdir.
ÇABGA kiparlady. Gepleşik tamam.
Gapynyň öňünde eşdildi salam.
Kim bolsaň-da derrew girewer myhman,
Bu dünýäde
Sensiz oňmaşym besdir.
Täze başlan goşgym gutarman ýatyr.
Bu gün ýazylmasa, ýazylar ertir!
Häzirlikçe eziz myhmanym otyr,
Gözlerinden
Gözüm sowmaşym besdir.
Ol gitdi. Ýene-de kakyldy gapy.
Ugradanym birdi, gelenler iki.
Birmi, onmy - deňdir myhmanyň ýüki,
Çydapdym, çydaryn,
Sag başym besdir.
Ätledi gapydan ýegendir ata.
Derrew gözüm düşdi attestat-hata.
Diýdi: “Hany şu ýyl gal-da gaýrata,
Ýegeniňi okat!
Ýaýdanşyň besdir!”
“Okuwlaň haýsyna girmekçi ýegen?”
“Köplük nirä bolsa, şo ýere-de men...”
Garalawjy boljak! “Oňardyň-ow sen,
Bu dünýäniň
Öňki sögüşem besdir.”
“Näm üçin şol ugra dyzaýar hemme?”
Ata gönüledi: “Gözlüje emme!
Sen o zatlar hakda pikire çümme,
Diýenime “Hoş” diý.
Bir “Hoşuň” besdir”.
Diýdim: “Eltäýeli edebiýat, dile?”
Atasy ör turdy çemçesi bile.
“Bälçireme!- diýip, ýylgyrdy çala -
Ol ugurdan
Seniň çygylşyň besdir!”
Ataň sözlerine bersem-de jogap,
Özi-de, ogly-da etmedi togap.
(Olar gitdi, ýene başlandy azap,
Ýazyber, üýtgeme,
Öz bolşuň besdir!)
Özüň üýtgeme-de, üýtgäni üýtget!
Şudur maňlaýyňa çyzylan kysmat.
Şony başarmasaň - gopgunňy bes et,
Kyrk ýyllap,
Bihuda samraşyň besdir!
Baş waspyň bolsa-da Gözellik, Gowluk,
Şeriň gapdalyndan geçmegin sowlup,
Oňa öz sözüňi aýtmaga howluk,
Aýtmasaň ol aýdar,
Giç galşyň besdir.
Watan, baýdak, söýgi, kommunist, il-gün
Bu bäş sözi parhsyz heçjiklemegin,
Dilde däl,
kalbyňda göterip bilgin,
Olardan
Howa dek dem alşyň besdir.
Şygryň bilen edip olara kömek,
Kömek soramagyn kömegňe derek.
Diňe mahal-mahal
sanjanda ýürek,
Il-günden
Kuwwat soraşyň besdir.
Ýagşymy, ýamanmy, şudur ýaraşyň,
Göwräň söýgüdendir, bolmaz gargyşyň,
Iň uly gargyşyň: “Päliň-ýoldaşyň”
Özüňe-de
Päliň - ýoldaşyň besdir.
Arzuwyň -
Ýüz ýaşa bolmakdyr şaýat.
Ýöne uzak ýaşdan taparmyň myrat?
Dertlä em bermeseň, ejize kuwwat-
Ägirt betbagtlykdyr ýüz ýaş diýen zat.
...Il näçe ýaşatsa -
Şol ýaşyň besdir.
Türkmenistanyň gimni
1072
4967
2005-12-30T01:51:09Z
Ugur Basak
30
robot Adding: de, en, he, hu, ja, ka, nn, pl Modifying: ru
Garaşsyz, Bitarap,[[Türkmenistan]]yň döwlet gimni
Türkmenbaşyň guran beýik binasy<br>
Berkarar döwletim, jigerim - janym.<br>
Başlaryň täji sen, diller senasy<br>
Dünýä dursun, sen dur, Türkmenistanym!<br>
Janym gurban sana, erkana ýurdum<br>
Mert pederleň ruhy bardyr könülde.<br>
Bitarap, Garaşsyz topragyn nurdur<br>
Baýdagyn belentdir dünýan önünde.<br>
Türkmenbaşyň guran beýik binasy<br>
Berkarar döwletim, jigerim - janym.<br>
Başlaryň täji sen, diller senasy<br>
Dünýä dursun, sen dur, Türkmenistanym!<br>
Gardaşdyr tireler, amandyr iller<br>
Owal-ahyr birdir bizin ganymyz.<br>
Harasatlar almaz, syndyrmaz siller<br>
Nesiller döş gerip gorar şanymyz.<br>
Türkmenbaşyň guran beýik binasy,<br>
Berkarar döwletim, jigerim - janym.<br>
Başlaryň täji sen, diller senasy,<br>
Dünýä dursun, sen dur, Türkmenistanym!<br>
Arkamdyr bu daglar, penamdyr düzler<br>
Ykbalym, namysym, togabym, Watan!<br>
Sana şek ýetirse, kör bolsun gözler<br>
Geçmişim, geljegim, dowamym, Watan!<br>
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[de:Nationalhymne Turkmenistans]]
[[en:Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan State Anthem]]
[[et:Garaşsyz, Bitarap, Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni]]
[[he:המנון טורקמניסטן]]
[[hu:Türkmén himnusz]]
[[ja:トルクメニスタンの国歌]]
[[ka:თურქმენეთის ჰიმნი]]
[[nn:Garaşsyz, Bitarap, Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni]]
[[pl:Hymn Turkmenistanu]]
[[ru:Гимн Туркмении]]
[[sk:Garaşsyz, Bitarap,Türkmenistanyň döwlet gimni]]
MediaWiki:Allmessagescurrent
1073
sysop
3617
2005-06-25T11:27:20Z
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-{}-
Türkmen Palawy
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2005-11-05T00:51:50Z
Ugur Basak
30
'''Palaw hem onuň görnüşleri'''
Tüwiden taýynlanýan naharlaryň arasynda [[palaw]] iň saýlanýanydyr. Ol, umuman, Gündogar halklaryň arasynda giň ýaýran nahar bolansoň, ony taýarlamagyň usullary-da dürli-dürli. Palawyň datly bolmagy üçin bişiriliş usulynyň talaplaryny doly berjay etmeli; tuwiniň köne-tazeliginiň ähmiyetleri-de ýatdan cykarmaly däl.
Türkmen halkynyň arasynda hatda her taýpanyň, her tiräniň öz bişiriş usuly bar diysek-de ýalňyş bolmaz. Meselem, deňiz ýaka raýonlarymyzda ete derek balyk atybam, balykly palaw bişirilýandigini belläp gecmeli. Şoňa görä palaw taýarlamagyň usulynda umymylyklar-da, ayratynlyklar-da bar, ýöne köplenç bişiriliş usullary bir meňzeş. Esasy aýratynlyk onuň içine atylýan zatlarda we näçe atylýanlygynda.
Palaw taýarlamak üçin, ilki bilen, tüwini çeltiginden saylap, hapa-hupasyny aýyrmaly. Arassalanan tüwini aýry bir gapda üstüne gaýnan suw guýup goýmaly. Dogramçanyň her birinin agramy 30-40 gr bolar ýaly edip, eti dogramaly we duzlamaly. Gazandaky ýag kemsiz ýanansoň, taýarlanan eti salyp gowurmaly. Eti gyzaryp başlanda, üstüne düýp sogany tegelek görnüşde dograp, dilimlenen käşiri atyp, gowurmagy dowam etdirmeli. Sogan bilen käşir kemsiz ýumşansoň, birazrak gaynan suw guýup, gazanyň gapagyny jebis ýapmaly. Ojagyň oduny peseldip, gazana atylan zatlary öz buguna goýmaly. Biraz wagtdan soňra ody ýene güýçlendirip, hälki suwa salnyp goýlan tüwini gazandaky zatlaryň üstüne endiganja sepip rejelemeli . Üstüne-de gaýnag suw guýmaly, ol orta barmagyň birinji bognundan geçmeli däldir. Hemme zady ýetik salnan gazany gaýnatmaly . Tüwi suwuny mazaly çekensoň, ony agdaryşdyryp , pugta basyrmaly . Şeyle ýagdaýda takmynan 25-30 min-dan son tüwini oňat agdarmaly-da, ýene 10-15 min saklamaly . Tüwi basyrylyp goýlanda, gazanyň ody peseldilýar.
Taýýarlamak üçin 1 kg tüwi , hersi 500 gr et bilen käşir , 250 gram ýag ( mesge saryýag . kunji ýagy , çigit ýagy), 2-3 düýp sogan, duz we burç gerek.
Indi palawlaryn aýry - aýry gornüşleri dogrusynda gysgajyk durup geçeliň.
'''Toý Palawy'''<br>
Toý palawy beýlekilerden känbir parhlanmaýar ol köp mukdarda bişirilýär. Şonuň üçin aşagy köýmez ýaly, atyljak başga bir gazanda gowrulýar. Taýýar bolup palaw tabaklara salnanda, eti dogralyp, üstüne goýulýar.
'''Gök Tuwili Palaw''' <br>
Şalynyň birinji hasyly, ýagny gök tüwi elde dowlüp taýýarlanýar. Ony gyzgyn ýa-da gyzgyn suwda ezip goýmaly. Suwyny kemsiz alansoň, palaw üçin niýetlenen önümler salnyp gowrulan gazana tüwini rejelap salyşdyrmaly. Gaýnap suwyny çekenden soň, ony buguna goýmaly. 25-30 min-dan ýene agdaryp basyrmaly, oduny söndürmeli.
'''Mäşli Palaw'''<br>
Bu hem ýokarky usulda bişirilýar. Tapawutly ýeri mäşi arassalap, suwda ýumşadyp goýulýandygydyr. Soňra arassalanan tüwi (700 g) bilen mäşi (300 g) garyşdyryp, bilelikde gazana atmaly.
'''Wermişelden Palaw''' <br>
Adaty palaw ýaly bolup, diňe tüwi şol möçberde wermişel atylýar.
'''Beýili Palaw'''<br>
Tüwiden oňurti arassalanan 3-4 sany beýi dogralyp, gazana atylýar. Taýyar bolansoň, beýi palawyň ýokarsyna çykarylýar, seýdibem, saçaga äberilýar.
'''Şalgamly Palaw'''<br>
Onuň taýyarlanyş usuly şeyle: şalgam böleklenip salynýar we käşirini eti bilen bilelikde gowrulýar. Galan prosedura adaty palaw bişirilişi ýalydyr.
'''Towuk Etli Palaw'''<br>
Bu görnüşli palawyň bişiriliş usuly öňküler ýaly bolup, diňe mal eti towuk eti bilen çalşylýar.
'''Saryýagly Palaw'''<br>
Eti ilki bilen bir gazanda gaýnadyp, ýene bir gapda saryýagy eredip, sogany, eti hem käşiri ýaga salyp, bilelikde gowurmaly. Azajyk suw guýup, tüwini ýumşandan soňra, oduny söndürip, az wagtlap buguna basyryp goýmaly. Ýene-de suw guýup gaýnatmaly. Suwyny çekensoň, basyryp goýmaly. Etini özbaşyna oýkarmaly. Palaw saçaga getiriljek wagty, ýaňky eti maýda dograp, her çanagyň üstüne goýuşdyrmaly.
Ýene bir zady ýatda saklaň: suwy öňki usulda we öňki ölçegde guýmaly: kişmiş (100g), burç, sarymsak ýaly goşmaça tagamlyklary, duruşde gowrulansoň tüwiden öň salmaly.
'''Kunji Ýagly Palaw'''<br>
Künji ýagyny birkemsiz gyzdyrmaly. Ýüzüne çykan köpügi aýyryp, ýagy ta gyzyl renke gelýänçä ýakmaly. Soňra etdir käşirini, soganyny salyp, biraz gowurmyşlamaly. Tüwisini atyp, gaýnadyp, suwyny çekdiren soň, üstüni basyryp goýmaly. Taýyar bolanda ýaz salatyny-da palawyň ýany bilen saçaga äberseň, juda tagamly bolýar.
'''Guýruk Ýagly Palaw'''<br>
Bişirilişi adaty palawlar ýaly. Tapawudy böleklere bölünen guýruk ýagy ilki özbaşdak, soňra dogralanan et bilen belikde gowrulýar.
'''Ýilikli Palaw'''<br>
Munuň üçin ilki sygyr sünküniň ýiligini almaly (300g). Ýilik ýagyna gowurmyşlanan etin üstüne palawa gerekli önümleri atyp gowurmaly. Soňky prosesler adaty palawyňky ýaly.
Kebap we çişlikler
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4451
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Ugur Basak
30
'''Kebap'''<br>
Malyň budundan ýa-da böwregasty etinden alyp, ony tegelek ýa-da dörtburç görnüşde kesişdirmeli. Duzdur burç goşup, pyçagyň ýeňsesi bilen biraz ýenjişdirmeli. Taýyarlanan kebabyň iki ýüzüne-de gyzyp duran ýagda gowurmaly. Onuň her iki bölegi bir gaba ýerleşdirilip, gök sogan, ukropdyr petruşka bilen saçaga getirilýär.
Taýyarlamak üçin 800 gr et, 20 gr mesge, duz we burç gerek.
'''Aşgabat Kebaby'''<br>
Täze soýlan goýnuň budundan alyp, ony et üweyji maňyndan sogan bilen bile geçirmeli. Duzdur burç hem goşup garyşdyrmaly. Ony heýkelli kebap görnüşindäki ýaly edip, saçda mesgä gowurmaly. Ýene bir saçda sogan gowrup, gowrulan kebaby-da üstüne goýmaly we azrak suw guýup, buguna bişirmeli. Sonňra üstüni basyrmaly. Dogralan gök sogan, ukrop we ýaly tamdyr çöregi bilen saçaga äberilse, kebab işdalije iýler.
Taýyarlamak üçin 700 gr et, 100 gr sogan, 30 gr mesge, duz we burç gerek.
'''Heýkelli Kebap''' <br>
Ýokary sortly etiň budundan we guýruk tarapyndan almaly, ony çapyşdyrmaly. Soňra ona mesge bilen maýda dogralan sogan goşmaly. Ýarym taýyar farşa ýumurtgany garyşdyrmaly, duzdur burçyny hem unutmaly däl. Massany el bilen öwüp pugtalandyrmaly. Taýyar farşy kebap syhyna 8-10 sm uzynlykda düzmeli hem-de közüň üstňnde bişirmeli. Taýyar bolansoň, ukrop, sogan, sirke sepişdirip, saçaga geçirmeli.
Taýyarlamak üçin 2,2 kg goýun eti, 200 gr sogan, 8 sany ýumurtga, 500 gr gök sogan, 50 gr ukrop bilen mesge, duz we burç gerek.
'''Gapyrga Çişligi'''<br>
[[Dowar|Dowaryn]] etiniň gapyrgalaryny 2-3 bölege bölip duzdur burç sepmeli. Oňa mayýa dogralan sogany, turşurak nar suwuny, lawr ýapragyny atyp hemmesini mazaly garyşdyryp goýmaly. 6-8 sag. duransoň, ony sazak közüniň üstünde bişirmeli. Taýyar bolan çişligiň üstünde maýda dogralan gök sogan, ukrop petruşka sepip saçaga eltäýmeli.
Taýyarlamak üçin 1 goýnuň gapyrgasy, 1 kg sogan, 500 gr nar, duz, burç, 1 bogyn ukrop, petruşka, gök sogan gerek.
'''Böwrek Çişligi'''<br>
Dowaryn böwreklerini inedordul görnişde kesişdirmeli. Dogralan sogany, ukropdyr petruşkany goşup, 1-2 sany nary-da maýdalap garyşdyrmaly. Duzdyr burçuny sepip, 1-2 sg-lap goýmaly. Soňra olary çişlik syhlaryndan geçirip, sazak közünde bişirmeli. Çişlik maýda dogralan gök sogan, ukrop we petruşka bilen saçaga eltilýär.
Taýyarlamak üçin 6-7 böwrek, 3-4 düýp sogan, ukrop, petruşka, duz we burç gerek.
'''Bagyr Çişligi'''<br>
Edil böwrek çişliginiň bişirilişi ýalydyr.
Taýyarlamak üçin1 kg-dan bagyr bilen sogan, ukrop, petruşka, duz we burç gerek.
'''Çopan Çişligi'''<br>
[[Goýun]] etiniň çylka ýerinden alyp, ony her bölegi 25-30 gr-a barabar bolar ýaly bolüşdirmeli. Sogany tegelekläp kesip, ukropy dograp, duzdur burç bilen garyşdyrmaly. Soňra hemmesini garyp, majum etmeli. Ony syrçaly gapda 10-15 graduslyk jayda 4-5 sagat goýmaly. Kebap ojar ya sazak közünde bişirilýär.
Taýyarlamak üçin 1,8 kg et, 150 gr sogan, gök sogan, ukrop, duz we burç gerek.
Tamdyrlamalar
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4461
2005-11-05T00:51:44Z
Ugur Basak
30
Tamdyrlamalar [[goýun|goýnuň]] (tokly, guzy), geçiniň (çebiş, owlak), guşuň (towuk, juýje, gaz, ördek) bitewi etini tamdyrda onuň öz buguna bişirmek arkaly tayyarlanýar. Gusşyr dowar kiçi boldugyça, onuň taýyarlanyş möhleti şonça azdyr.
'''Tokly Tamdyrlamasy'''<br>
Soýlan toklyny dört bölege bölmeli, onuň etli ýerini dilişdirip, taýyarlanan durus däni salar ýaly etmeli.Arassalanan sogany, ukropy, petruşkany, gök sogany maýda dograp, arça hem lawr ýapragyny aralaşdyryp goýmaly. Etiň dilnen ýerlerine bu garyndyny dykyşdyrmaly, duzdyr burç sepip, birneme goýmaly. Aýratyn gazanjyň içine ýaňky durusdäni hem-de artylan kädidir kartoşkany, noybadyr käşiri, pomidory salmaly. Sazak ýakylyp gyzdyrylan tamdyryň közüni orta üyşürip, gazanjygy-da közüň üstünde jaýlaşdyrmaly. Soňra iki sany ýogyn simi tamdyryň agzyna goýup, dört bölünen tokly etiniň aýaklaryny sim bilen saraşdyryp ýa-da etden geçirip, şoňa berkitmeli. Etleri salanyňyzdan soň, tamdyryň hiç ýerinden bug cykmaz, iki ýan deşiklerini makam suwamaly. Onuň agzyny-da gapak bilen ýapyp oňatja suwamaly. Goçmak görnüşinde sallanan eti azyndan 75-90 min. tamdyrda saklamaly. Güýçli bug emele gelmegi netijesinde etiň çorbasy aşak közüň üstünde goýlan gaba syrygyp, tagamly çorba emele gelýär. Gabyň içindäki farşlar bolsa akyp bişýär. Şeylelikde, tutuş tamdyrlama taýyn!
Taýyar bolan tamdyrlamany bölüşdirip mejimlere salmaly. Onuň gazana syrygan çorbasyny şakäselere guýup, saçaga çekibermeli. Tamdyrlama täze ýapylan tamdyr çöregi bilen saçaga goýulsa, naharyň tagamy üýtgeşik bolýar.
Taýyarlamak üçin 1 toklynyň tutuş läşi, 2 kg sogan, 2-3 düýp sarymsak, 500 gr käsir, sogan, ukrop, petruşka, duz, burç, lawr ýapragy we arça ýapragy gerek.
'''Owlak tamdyrlamasy'''<br>
Munuň taýyarlanyşy-da edil tokly tamdyrlamasy ýalydyr. Kem-käs tapawudy şeyle: birinjiden, owlak tamdyrlamasy bary-ýogy 30-40 min. dowamynda taýyn bolýar; ikinjiden, ol täzeje bişirilen gatlakly petir bilen saçaga getirilýär.
Taýyarlamak üçin owlagyň tutuş las, 1 kg-dan sogan, kartoşka, käşir hem kädi, 200 gr pomidor, 100 gr noyba, hersi 2 bogy ukrop, petruşka, gök sogan, 3-4 sany lawr ýapragy, 10 gr arça ýapragy, duzdyr burç gerek.
'''Jüyje Tamdyrlamasy'''<br>
Soýlup arassalanan jüyjeleriň etini bölekläp duzdyr burç sepmeli we tokly tamdyrlamasyndaky ýaly taýyarlanan durus danipita salyp goýmaly. Ýene bir pita ýaňky durucdeden salyp, gyzdyrylan tamdyr közüniň üstünde ýerleşdirmeli. Soňra soýlan jüyjeleri tamdyryň ücune sallap, agzyny berk suwamaly. Tamdyrlama 20-30 min-da taýyar bolýar. Saçaga getirilende, ýany bilen çorbasyny-da aýratyn gapda äbermeli.
Taýyarlamak üçin 4-8 sany jüyje, 1 kg-dan sogan, kartoşka, käşir, 1-2 bogudan gök sogan, ukrop, petruşka, duzdur burç gerek.
'''Kädi Tamdyrlamasy'''<br>
Ilki palaw kädini kesip, iki bölege bölmeli we içindäki çigitlerini aýryp, arassalap, ýuwmaly. Ýene bir gapda aralaşdyrmany taýyarlamaly. Oňa dogralan sogan, käşir, pomidor, ukrop petruşka, duz atyp garysdyrmaly. Soňra taýyarlanan durusdani kädiniň içine dykyşdyryp, iki bölegi biri-birine sepleşdirmeli. Onuň daşyny ak syk mata bilen birnäçe gat dolamaly. Dolanan kädini tamdyryň kozsuzrak goruna gömmeli. Gömen wagtyňyzda, gowusy, ilki daşyna kul aýlan, soňda ol ýanmaz.
Taýyarlamak üçin 1 kädi, 200 gr sogan, 100 gr käşir, pomidor, ukrop, petruşka, burçdyr duz gerek.
Etraplar
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2006-04-27T04:53:20Z
193.251.135.125
<h2 style="text-align: center">Türkmenistan etraplar</h1>
{| cellspacing="1"
|- valign="top"
|width="55%" class="MainPageBG" style="border: 0px solid #ffc9c9; color: #000; background-color: #ffffff"|
<div style="clear:left; text-align: left; float: left; padding: .4em .9em .9em">
- [[Ahal]]<br>
<ul>
<li>Ruhabat
<li>Baharly(Bäherden)
<li>Gökdepe
<li>Kaka
<li>Saragt
<li>Tejen
<li>Babadaýhan
<li>Akbugday (Gawers)
<li>Abadan (Buzmeyin)
</ul>
- [[Balkan]]<br>
<ul>
<li>TURKMENBAŞY
<li>ÇELEKEN
<li>GUMDAG
<li>Gyzyletrek
<li>BALKANABAT (Nebitdag)
<li>Türkmenbaşy
<li>Esenguly
<li>SERDAR (Gyzylarbat)
<li>BEREKET (Gazanjyk)
<li>Garrygala
</ul>
- [[Daşoguz]]<br>
<ul>
<li>DAŞOGUZ
<li>Tagta
<li>Ýylanly
<li>Akdepe
<li>Gubadag
<li>Boldumsaz
<li>KÖNEÜRGENÇ
<li>Nyýazow
<li>Türkmenbaşy
</ul>
- [[Lebap]]<br>
<ul>
<li>TÜRKMENABAT (Çärjew)
<li>GOWURDAK
<li>Nyýazow
<li>GAZOJAK
<li>Çarşangy
<li>Halaç
<li>Hojambaz
<li>Garabekewul
<li>ATAMYRAT (Kerki)
<li>Darganata
<li>Dänew
<li>Saýat
<li>Farap
<li>Sakar
<li>SEÝDI
<li>Dostluk
</ul>
- [[Mary]]<br>
<ul>
<li>Mary
<li>Garagum
<li>Oguzhan
<li>Ýolöten
<li>SERHETABAT (Gyşgy)
<li>BAÝRAMALY
<li>Murgap
<li>Sakarçäge
<li>Tagtabazar
<li>Türkmengala
</ul>
</div>
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
Ahal
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2006-10-18T12:41:45Z
Mustafa Akalp
120
GADYMY NUSAÝ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dünýä medeniýetiniň taryhynda Parfiýanyň siwilizasiýasyna aýratyn orun degişlidir. Merkezi [[Aşgabad]]yň golaýyndaky Nusaýda ýerleşip, Günorta Türkmenistanyň daglary, düzlükleri hem-de sähralary onuň sallançagy bolupdyr.Ony döredijiler türkmenleriň gadymy ata-babalarynyň biri bolan dah-parn taýpalary bolupdyr.
B.e. öň IV asyrda grek-makedon goşunlarynyň zarbasy astynda Ahemenitleriň imperiýasy dargapdyr. [[Aleksandr]] Makedonskiniň oruntutarlary bolan selewkitleriň döwründe Baktriýa, Parfiýa we Horezm döwletleri döräpdir. B.e. öň III asyrdan b.e. III asyryna çenli 600 ýyla golaý dowam eden Parfiýa döwleti uly imperiýa öwrülip, b.e. I asyryndan başlap Rim imperiýasynyň bäsdeşine öwrülipdir. Özüniň gülläp ösen wagtynda Ortaýer deňzinden Demirgazyk-Günbatar Hindistana çenli ýerleri öz içine alan Parfiýa imperiýasynyň esasy özeni Partawa bolupdyr.
Hut şu ýerde b.e. öň 247-nji ýylda Garagumda ýaşaýan aparn (ýa-da parn) taýpasynyň serdary Arsak Partawy eýeläpdir. Bu ýerdäki selewk satrapy Andragor öldürilipdir. Şondan soň Arsak özüni garaşsyz Parfiýanyň hökümdary diýip yglan edipdir. Parfawnisada Arsakidler neberesiniň mülkleriniň administratiw we ykdysady merkezi gurlupdyr. Köne Nusaýda geçirilen arheologik gazuwlar mahalynda tapylan dokumentler bu galanyň adynyň Mitridatkert bolandygyny kesgitlemäge mümkinçilik berdi. Ol b.e. öň 171-138-nji ýyllarda patyşalyk eden Mitridat I tarapyndan gurdurylypdyr.
Köne Nusaýda demigazyk we günorta atlandyrylýan iki sany arhitektura toplumy bolupdyr. Weýran bolan demirgazyk toplumdan 1948-nji ýylda pil süňkünde (şirmaýydan) edilen meşhur ritonlar tapyldy. Günorta toplumda üç sany desgany - diň şekilli ymaraty, inedördül we tegelek zallary tapawutlandyrmak bolar.
Köne hem-de Täze Nusaý şäherjiklerinde gazuw-agtaryş işleri geçirilende ajaýyp arhitektura, sungat ýadygärlikleri, keramiki gap-gaçlaryň böleklerine ýazylan hojalyk dokumentleriniň deň-taýy bolmadyk arhiwi ýüze çykaryldy.
Parfiýa şalarynyň genji-hazynalary saklanylýan gaznalary köp sanly jaýlardan, eýwanlardan hem-de içerki howlujyklardan ybarat ägirt uly dörtgyraň desga bolupdyr. Gaznalaryň jaýlary gymmatbahaly zatlardan dolan badyna olar petiklenip, özboluşly seýflere öwrülipdirler.
Genji-hazynalaryň saklanylýan gaznasyndan şirmaýydan ýonulyp ýasalan ritonlaryň uly toparynyň ýüze çykarylmagy öz wagtynda asyryň tapyndysy diýlip atlandyryldy. Ritonlar bilen doldurylan tutuş bir otagyň üsti açyldy. Ritonlar şirmaýydan ýonulyp ýasalyp, olaryň käbirleriniň detallary altyn çaýylan bürünçden, sap altyndan we bürnçden taýýarlanypdyr. Ritonlarda dürli kompozisiýaly güberçek gazma nagyşlar ýerleşdirilipir. Ritonlar kentawrlaryň, ýolbarsa çalymdaş grifonlaryň, aýallaryň we ş.m. keşbi bilen bezelipdir.
Bezeg-haşamlarynyň kompozisiýalarynyň sýužet äheňi esasan grek mifologiýasy bilen baglanyşykly bolup, ýöne grek mifleriniň personažlaryna ýerli, parfiýa häsiýeti berlipdir. Ritonlaryň birinde Parfiýa şalygyny esaslandyryjylaryň biriniň şaýylygyň ýüzündäki “skif” eşigine çalymdaş lybasly parfiýaly gabat gelýär. Beýlekileriniň käbirinde bolsa garamaýak parfiýalylary görýäris.
Gaznadan altyn çaylan gündogar tipli söweşjeň altyn paltajyk, ikiýüzli gysga gamalar, demir sowudyň bölekleri ýaly şa ýaraglarynyň görnüşleri hem tapyldy. Şanyň baýramçylyk galkany-da ussatlarça taýýarlanyp, kaşaň bezelipdir.
[[Category:Ahal]]
{{Template:Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları}}
[[de:Ahal welaýaty]]
[[en:Ahal Province]]
[[et:Ahali vilajett]]
[[fa:آخال (استان)]]
[[fi:Ahalin maakunta]]
[[id:Provinsi Ahal]]
[[ru:Ахалский велаят]]
[[sv:Achal]]
[[tr:Ahal (vilayet)]]
Image:Hajymelik.jpg
1097
3641
2005-07-02T22:02:13Z
Balicity
7
Hajymeligin tamdyrynyň suraty.
Hajymeligin tamdyrynyň suraty.
Deňiz we derýalar
1098
8026
2006-12-06T16:08:16Z
81.214.125.18
/* Deryalar */
==Hazar==
[[Türkmenistan]] [[Hazar deňizi|Hazar (Kaspi) deňzini]] 5 sany döwlet ([[Russiýa Federasiýasy]], [[Eýran]], [[Azerbeýjan]], [[Gazagystan]]) bilen paýlaşýar.
== Deryalar==
* [[Amyderya]]
* [[Murgap Derýasy]]
* [[Etrek Derýasy]]
* [[Tejen Derýasy]]
* [[Garagum Derýasy]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
Sazandalar
1099
7570
2006-11-20T17:05:32Z
Ga1taman
128
*[[Şükür Bagşy]]
*[[Mylly Täçmyrat]]
*[[Kel Bagşy]]
*[[Amangeldi Göni]]
*[[Täçmämmet Suhanguly]]
MediaWiki:Accesskey-diff
1100
sysop
4322
2005-08-19T23:42:43Z
MediaWiki default
v
MediaWiki:Addgrouplogentry
1101
sysop
3647
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Added group $2
MediaWiki:Allinnamespace
1102
sysop
3648
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
All pages ($1 namespace)
MediaWiki:Allnonarticles
1103
sysop
3649
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
All non-articles
MediaWiki:Allnotinnamespace
1104
sysop
3650
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
All pages (not in $1 namespace)
MediaWiki:Allpagesfrom
1105
sysop
3651
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Display pages starting at:
MediaWiki:Already bureaucrat
1106
sysop
3652
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
This user is already a bureaucrat
MediaWiki:Already steward
1107
sysop
3653
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
This user is already a steward
MediaWiki:Already sysop
1108
sysop
3654
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
This user is already an administrator
MediaWiki:Badaccess
1109
sysop
3655
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Permission error
MediaWiki:Badaccesstext
1110
sysop
3656
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
The action you have requested is limited
to users with the "$2" permission assigned.
See $1.
MediaWiki:Changed
1111
sysop
3660
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
changed
MediaWiki:Changegrouplogentry
1112
sysop
3661
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Changed group $2
MediaWiki:Confirmemail
1113
sysop
3662
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Confirm E-mail address
MediaWiki:Confirmemail body
1114
sysop
4751
2005-12-02T04:21:26Z
MediaWiki default
Someone, probably you from IP address $1, has registered an
account "$2" with this e-mail address on {{SITENAME}}.
To confirm that this account really does belong to you and activate
e-mail features on {{SITENAME}}, open this link in your browser:
$3
If this is *not* you, don't follow the link. This confirmation code
will expire at $4.
MediaWiki:Confirmemail error
1115
sysop
3664
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Something went wrong saving your confirmation.
MediaWiki:Confirmemail invalid
1116
sysop
3665
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Invalid confirmation code. The code may have expired.
MediaWiki:Confirmemail loggedin
1117
sysop
3666
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Your e-mail address has now been confirmed.
MediaWiki:Confirmemail send
1118
sysop
3667
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Mail a confirmation code
MediaWiki:Confirmemail sendfailed
1119
sysop
7108
2006-10-25T20:38:31Z
MediaWiki default
121
Could not send confirmation mail. Check address for invalid characters.
Mailer returned: $1
MediaWiki:Confirmemail sent
1120
sysop
3669
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Confirmation e-mail sent.
MediaWiki:Confirmemail subject
1121
sysop
3670
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}} e-mail address confirmation
MediaWiki:Confirmemail success
1122
sysop
3671
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Your e-mail address has been confirmed. You may now log in and enjoy the wiki.
MediaWiki:Confirmemail text
1123
sysop
3672
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
This wiki requires that you validate your e-mail address
before using e-mail features. Activate the button below to send a confirmation
mail to your address. The mail will include a link containing a code; load the
link in your browser to confirm that your e-mail address is valid.
MediaWiki:Contribs-showhideminor
1124
sysop
3675
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
$1 minor edits
MediaWiki:Contributionsall
1125
sysop
3676
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
all
MediaWiki:Createarticle
1126
sysop
3677
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Create article
MediaWiki:Created
1127
sysop
3678
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
created
MediaWiki:Delete and move
1128
sysop
3679
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Delete and move
MediaWiki:Delete and move reason
1129
sysop
3680
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Deleted to make way for move
MediaWiki:Delete and move text
1130
sysop
3681
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
==Deletion required==
The destination article "[[$1]]" already exists. Do you want to delete it to make way for the move?
MediaWiki:Deletedrev
1131
sysop
3683
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
[deleted]
MediaWiki:Destfilename
1132
sysop
3684
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Destination filename
MediaWiki:Eauthentsent
1133
sysop
4705
2005-12-02T02:49:31Z
MediaWiki default
A confirmation e-mail has been sent to the nominated e-mail address.
Before any other mail is sent to the account, you will have to follow the instructions in the e-mail,
to confirm that the account is actually yours.
MediaWiki:Edit-externally
1134
sysop
3686
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Edit this file using an external application
MediaWiki:Edit-externally-help
1135
sysop
3687
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
See the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:External_editors setup instructions] for more information.
MediaWiki:Email
1136
sysop
4706
2005-12-02T02:49:31Z
MediaWiki default
E-mail
MediaWiki:Emailauthenticated
1137
sysop
4707
2005-12-02T02:49:31Z
MediaWiki default
Your e-mail address was authenticated on $1.
MediaWiki:Emailconfirmlink
1138
sysop
3691
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Confirm your e-mail address
MediaWiki:Emailnotauthenticated
1139
sysop
7114
2006-10-25T20:38:33Z
MediaWiki default
121
Your e-mail address is not yet authenticated. No e-mail
will be sent for any of the following features.
MediaWiki:Enotif body
1140
sysop
5966
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
Dear $WATCHINGUSERNAME,
the {{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED on $PAGEEDITDATE by $PAGEEDITOR, see $PAGETITLE_URL for the current version.
$NEWPAGE
Editor's summary: $PAGESUMMARY $PAGEMINOREDIT
Contact the editor:
mail: $PAGEEDITOR_EMAIL
wiki: $PAGEEDITOR_WIKI
There will be no other notifications in case of further changes unless you visit this page. You could also reset the notification flags for all your watched pages on your watchlist.
Your friendly {{SITENAME}} notification system
--
To change your watchlist settings, visit
{{fullurl:{{ns:special}}:Watchlist/edit}}
Feedback and further assistance:
{{fullurl:{{ns:help}}:Contents}}
MediaWiki:Enotif lastvisited
1141
sysop
4171
2005-07-29T11:15:42Z
MediaWiki default
See $1 for all changes since your last visit.
MediaWiki:Enotif mailer
1142
sysop
3696
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}} Notification Mailer
MediaWiki:Enotif newpagetext
1143
sysop
3697
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
This is a new page.
MediaWiki:Enotif reset
1144
sysop
3698
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Mark all pages visited
MediaWiki:Enotif subject
1145
sysop
3699
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
{{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED by $PAGEEDITOR
MediaWiki:Excontentauthor
1146
sysop
7115
2006-10-25T20:38:33Z
MediaWiki default
121
content was: '$1' (and the only contributor was '[[Special:Contributions/$2|$2]]')
MediaWiki:Exif-aperturevalue
1147
sysop
3703
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Aperture
MediaWiki:Exif-artist
1148
sysop
3704
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Author
MediaWiki:Exif-bitspersample
1149
sysop
3705
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Bits per component
MediaWiki:Exif-brightnessvalue
1150
sysop
3706
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Brightness
MediaWiki:Exif-cfapattern
1151
sysop
3707
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
CFA pattern
MediaWiki:Exif-colorspace
1152
sysop
3708
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Color space
MediaWiki:Exif-colorspace-1
1153
sysop
3709
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
sRGB
MediaWiki:Exif-colorspace-ffff.h
1154
sysop
3710
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
FFFF.H
MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration
1155
sysop
3711
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Meaning of each component
MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-0
1156
sysop
3712
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
does not exist
MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-1
1157
sysop
3713
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Y
MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-2
1158
sysop
3714
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Cb
MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-3
1159
sysop
3715
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Cr
MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-4
1160
sysop
3716
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
R
MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-5
1161
sysop
3717
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
G
MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-6
1162
sysop
3718
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
B
MediaWiki:Exif-compressedbitsperpixel
1163
sysop
3719
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Image compression mode
MediaWiki:Exif-compression
1164
sysop
3720
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Compression scheme
MediaWiki:Exif-compression-1
1165
sysop
3721
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Uncompressed
MediaWiki:Exif-compression-6
1166
sysop
3722
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
JPEG
MediaWiki:Exif-contrast
1167
sysop
3723
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Contrast
MediaWiki:Exif-contrast-0
1168
sysop
3724
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Normal
MediaWiki:Exif-contrast-1
1169
sysop
3725
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Soft
MediaWiki:Exif-contrast-2
1170
sysop
3726
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Hard
MediaWiki:Exif-copyright
1171
sysop
3727
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Copyright holder
MediaWiki:Exif-customrendered
1172
sysop
3728
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Custom image processing
MediaWiki:Exif-customrendered-0
1173
sysop
3729
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Normal process
MediaWiki:Exif-customrendered-1
1174
sysop
3730
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Custom process
MediaWiki:Exif-datetime
1175
sysop
3731
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
File change date and time
MediaWiki:Exif-datetimedigitized
1176
sysop
3732
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Date and time of digitizing
MediaWiki:Exif-datetimeoriginal
1177
sysop
3733
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Date and time of data generation
MediaWiki:Exif-devicesettingdescription
1178
sysop
3734
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Device settings description
MediaWiki:Exif-digitalzoomratio
1179
sysop
3735
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Digital zoom ratio
MediaWiki:Exif-exifversion
1180
sysop
3736
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Exif version
MediaWiki:Exif-exposurebiasvalue
1181
sysop
3737
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Exposure bias
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureindex
1182
sysop
3738
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Exposure index
MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode
1183
sysop
3739
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Exposure mode
MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode-0
1184
sysop
3740
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Auto exposure
MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode-1
1185
sysop
3741
2005-07-03T14:22:34Z
MediaWiki default
Manual exposure
MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode-2
1186
sysop
3742
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Auto bracket
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram
1187
sysop
3743
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Exposure Program
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-0
1188
sysop
3744
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Not defined
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-1
1189
sysop
3745
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Manual
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-2
1190
sysop
3746
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Normal program
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-3
1191
sysop
3747
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Aperture priority
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-4
1192
sysop
3748
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Shutter priority
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-5
1193
sysop
3749
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Creative program (biased toward depth of field)
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-6
1194
sysop
3750
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Action program (biased toward fast shutter speed)
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-7
1195
sysop
3751
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Portrait mode (for closeup photos with the background out of focus)
MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-8
1196
sysop
3752
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Landscape mode (for landscape photos with the background in focus)
MediaWiki:Exif-exposuretime
1197
sysop
3753
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Exposure time
MediaWiki:Exif-filesource
1198
sysop
3754
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
File source
MediaWiki:Exif-filesource-3
1199
sysop
3755
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
DSC
MediaWiki:Exif-flash
1200
sysop
3756
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Flash
MediaWiki:Exif-flashenergy
1201
sysop
3757
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Flash energy
MediaWiki:Exif-flashpixversion
1202
sysop
3758
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Supported Flashpix version
MediaWiki:Exif-fnumber
1203
sysop
3759
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
F Number
MediaWiki:Exif-focallength
1204
sysop
3760
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Lens focal length
MediaWiki:Exif-focallengthin35mmfilm
1205
sysop
3761
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Focal length in 35 mm film
MediaWiki:Exif-focalplaneresolutionunit
1206
sysop
3762
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Focal plane resolution unit
MediaWiki:Exif-focalplanexresolution
1207
sysop
3763
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Focal plane X resolution
MediaWiki:Exif-focalplaneyresolution
1208
sysop
3764
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Focal plane Y resolution
MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol
1209
sysop
3765
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Scene control
MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-0
1210
sysop
3766
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
None
MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-1
1211
sysop
3767
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Low gain up
MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-2
1212
sysop
3768
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
High gain up
MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-3
1213
sysop
3769
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Low gain down
MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-4
1214
sysop
3770
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
High gain down
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsaltitude
1215
sysop
3771
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Altitude
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsaltituderef
1216
sysop
3772
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Altitude reference
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsareainformation
1217
sysop
3773
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Name of GPS area
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdatestamp
1218
sysop
3774
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
GPS date
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestbearing
1219
sysop
3775
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Bearing of destination
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestbearingref
1220
sysop
3776
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Reference for bearing of destination
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestdistance
1221
sysop
3777
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Distance to destination
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestdistanceref
1222
sysop
3778
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Reference for distance to destination
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlatitude
1223
sysop
3779
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Latitude destination
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlatituderef
1224
sysop
3780
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Reference for latitude of destination
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlongitude
1225
sysop
3781
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Longitude of destination
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlongituderef
1226
sysop
3782
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Reference for longitude of destination
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdifferential
1227
sysop
3783
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
GPS differential correction
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdirection-m
1228
sysop
3784
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Magnetic direction
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdirection-t
1229
sysop
3785
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
True direction
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdop
1230
sysop
3786
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Measurement precision
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsimgdirection
1231
sysop
3787
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Direction of image
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsimgdirectionref
1232
sysop
3788
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Reference for direction of image
MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatitude
1233
sysop
3789
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Latitude
MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatitude-n
1234
sysop
3790
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
North latitude
MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatitude-s
1235
sysop
3791
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
South latitude
MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatituderef
1236
sysop
3792
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
North or South Latitude
MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongitude
1237
sysop
3793
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Longitude
MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongitude-e
1238
sysop
3794
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
East longitude
MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongitude-w
1239
sysop
3795
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
West longitude
MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongituderef
1240
sysop
3796
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
East or West Longitude
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmapdatum
1241
sysop
3797
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Geodetic survey data used
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmeasuremode
1242
sysop
3798
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Measurement mode
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmeasuremode-2
1243
sysop
3799
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
2-dimensional measurement
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmeasuremode-3
1244
sysop
3800
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
3-dimensional measurement
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsprocessingmethod
1245
sysop
3801
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Name of GPS processing method
MediaWiki:Exif-gpssatellites
1246
sysop
3802
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Satellites used for measurement
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed
1247
sysop
3803
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Speed of GPS receiver
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed-k
1248
sysop
3804
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Kilometres per hour
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed-m
1249
sysop
3805
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Miles per hour
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed-n
1250
sysop
3806
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Knots
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeedref
1251
sysop
3807
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Speed unit
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsstatus
1252
sysop
3808
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Receiver status
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsstatus-a
1253
sysop
3809
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Measurement in progress
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsstatus-v
1254
sysop
3810
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Measurement interoperability
MediaWiki:Exif-gpstimestamp
1255
sysop
3811
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
GPS time (atomic clock)
MediaWiki:Exif-gpstrack
1256
sysop
3812
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Direction of movement
MediaWiki:Exif-gpstrackref
1257
sysop
3813
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Reference for direction of movement
MediaWiki:Exif-gpsversionid
1258
sysop
3814
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
GPS tag version
MediaWiki:Exif-imagedescription
1259
sysop
3815
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Image title
MediaWiki:Exif-imagelength
1260
sysop
3816
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Height
MediaWiki:Exif-imageuniqueid
1261
sysop
3817
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Unique image ID
MediaWiki:Exif-imagewidth
1262
sysop
3818
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Width
MediaWiki:Exif-isospeedratings
1263
sysop
3819
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
ISO speed rating
MediaWiki:Exif-jpeginterchangeformat
1264
sysop
3820
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Offset to JPEG SOI
MediaWiki:Exif-jpeginterchangeformatlength
1265
sysop
3821
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Bytes of JPEG data
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource
1266
sysop
3822
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Light source
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-0
1267
sysop
3823
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Unknown
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-1
1268
sysop
3824
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Daylight
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-10
1269
sysop
4567
2005-11-09T23:20:44Z
MediaWiki default
Cloudy weather
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-11
1270
sysop
3826
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Shade
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-12
1271
sysop
3827
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Daylight fluorescent (D 5700 – 7100K)
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-13
1272
sysop
3828
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Day white fluorescent (N 4600 – 5400K)
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-14
1273
sysop
3829
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Cool white fluorescent (W 3900 – 4500K)
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-15
1274
sysop
3830
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
White fluorescent (WW 3200 – 3700K)
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-17
1275
sysop
3831
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Standard light A
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-18
1276
sysop
3832
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Standard light B
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-19
1277
sysop
3833
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Standard light C
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-2
1278
sysop
3834
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Fluorescent
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-20
1279
sysop
3835
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
D55
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-21
1280
sysop
3836
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
D65
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-22
1281
sysop
3837
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
D75
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-23
1282
sysop
3838
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
D50
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-24
1283
sysop
3839
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
ISO studio tungsten
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-255
1284
sysop
3840
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Other light source
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-3
1285
sysop
3841
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Tungsten (incandescent light)
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-4
1286
sysop
3842
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Flash
MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-9
1287
sysop
3843
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Fine weather
MediaWiki:Exif-make
1288
sysop
3844
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Camera manufacturer
MediaWiki:Exif-make-value
1289
sysop
3845
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
$1
MediaWiki:Exif-makernote
1290
sysop
3846
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Manufacturer notes
MediaWiki:Exif-maxaperturevalue
1291
sysop
3847
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Maximum land aperture
MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode
1292
sysop
3848
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Metering mode
MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-0
1293
sysop
3849
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Unknown
MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-1
1294
sysop
3850
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Average
MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-2
1295
sysop
3851
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
CenterWeightedAverage
MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-255
1296
sysop
3852
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Other
MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-3
1297
sysop
3853
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Spot
MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-4
1298
sysop
3854
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
MultiSpot
MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-5
1299
sysop
3855
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Pattern
MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-6
1300
sysop
3856
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Partial
MediaWiki:Exif-model
1301
sysop
3857
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Camera model
MediaWiki:Exif-model-value
1302
sysop
3858
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
$1
MediaWiki:Exif-oecf
1303
sysop
3859
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Optoelectronic conversion factor
MediaWiki:Exif-orientation
1304
sysop
3860
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Orientation
MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-1
1305
sysop
3861
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Normal
MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-2
1306
sysop
3862
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Flipped horizontally
MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-3
1307
sysop
3863
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Rotated 180°
MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-4
1308
sysop
3864
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Flipped vertically
MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-5
1309
sysop
3865
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Rotated 90° CCW and flipped vertically
MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-6
1310
sysop
4173
2005-07-29T11:15:42Z
MediaWiki default
Rotated 90° CW
MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-7
1311
sysop
4174
2005-07-29T11:15:42Z
MediaWiki default
Rotated 90° CW and flipped vertically
MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-8
1312
sysop
3868
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Rotated 90° CCW
MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation
1313
sysop
3869
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Pixel composition
MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation-1
1314
sysop
3870
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
RGB
MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation-6
1315
sysop
3871
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
YCbCr
MediaWiki:Exif-pixelxdimension
1316
sysop
5967
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
Valid image height
MediaWiki:Exif-pixelydimension
1317
sysop
3873
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Valid image width
MediaWiki:Exif-planarconfiguration
1318
sysop
3874
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Data arrangement
MediaWiki:Exif-planarconfiguration-1
1319
sysop
3875
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
chunky format
MediaWiki:Exif-planarconfiguration-2
1320
sysop
3876
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
planar format
MediaWiki:Exif-primarychromaticities
1321
sysop
3877
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Chromaticities of primarities
MediaWiki:Exif-referenceblackwhite
1322
sysop
3878
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Pair of black and white reference values
MediaWiki:Exif-relatedsoundfile
1323
sysop
3879
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Related audio file
MediaWiki:Exif-resolutionunit
1324
sysop
3880
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Unit of X and Y resolution
MediaWiki:Exif-resolutionunit-2
1325
sysop
3881
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
inches
MediaWiki:Exif-resolutionunit-3
1326
sysop
3882
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
centimetres
MediaWiki:Exif-rowsperstrip
1327
sysop
3883
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Number of rows per strip
MediaWiki:Exif-samplesperpixel
1328
sysop
3884
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Number of components
MediaWiki:Exif-saturation
1329
sysop
3885
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Saturation
MediaWiki:Exif-saturation-0
1330
sysop
3886
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Normal
MediaWiki:Exif-saturation-1
1331
sysop
3887
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Low saturation
MediaWiki:Exif-saturation-2
1332
sysop
3888
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
High saturation
MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype
1333
sysop
3889
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Scene capture type
MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-0
1334
sysop
3890
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Standard
MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-1
1335
sysop
3891
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Landscape
MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-2
1336
sysop
3892
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Portrait
MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-3
1337
sysop
3893
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Night scene
MediaWiki:Exif-scenetype
1338
sysop
3894
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Scene type
MediaWiki:Exif-scenetype-1
1339
sysop
3895
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
A directly photographed image
MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod
1340
sysop
3896
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Sensing method
MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-1
1341
sysop
3897
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Undefined
MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-2
1342
sysop
3898
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
One-chip color area sensor
MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-3
1343
sysop
3899
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Two-chip color area sensor
MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-4
1344
sysop
3900
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Three-chip color area sensor
MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-5
1345
sysop
3901
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Color sequential area sensor
MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-7
1346
sysop
3902
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Trilinear sensor
MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-8
1347
sysop
3903
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Color sequential linear sensor
MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness
1348
sysop
3904
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Sharpness
MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness-0
1349
sysop
3905
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Normal
MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness-1
1350
sysop
3906
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Soft
MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness-2
1351
sysop
3907
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Hard
MediaWiki:Exif-shutterspeedvalue
1352
sysop
3908
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Shutter speed
MediaWiki:Exif-software
1353
sysop
3909
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Software used
MediaWiki:Exif-software-value
1354
sysop
3910
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
$1
MediaWiki:Exif-spatialfrequencyresponse
1355
sysop
3911
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Spatial frequency response
MediaWiki:Exif-spectralsensitivity
1356
sysop
3912
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Spectral sensitivity
MediaWiki:Exif-stripbytecounts
1357
sysop
3913
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Bytes per compressed strip
MediaWiki:Exif-stripoffsets
1358
sysop
3914
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Image data location
MediaWiki:Exif-subjectarea
1359
sysop
3915
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Subject area
MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistance
1360
sysop
3916
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Subject distance
MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange
1361
sysop
3917
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Subject distance range
MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-0
1362
sysop
3918
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Unknown
MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-1
1363
sysop
3919
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Macro
MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-2
1364
sysop
3920
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Close view
MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-3
1365
sysop
3921
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Distant view
MediaWiki:Exif-subjectlocation
1366
sysop
3922
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Subject location
MediaWiki:Exif-subsectime
1367
sysop
3923
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
DateTime subseconds
MediaWiki:Exif-subsectimedigitized
1368
sysop
3924
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
DateTimeDigitized subseconds
MediaWiki:Exif-subsectimeoriginal
1369
sysop
3925
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
DateTimeOriginal subseconds
MediaWiki:Exif-transferfunction
1370
sysop
3926
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Transfer function
MediaWiki:Exif-usercomment
1371
sysop
3927
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
User comments
MediaWiki:Exif-whitebalance
1372
sysop
3928
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
White Balance
MediaWiki:Exif-whitebalance-0
1373
sysop
3929
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Auto white balance
MediaWiki:Exif-whitebalance-1
1374
sysop
3930
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Manual white balance
MediaWiki:Exif-whitepoint
1375
sysop
3931
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
White point chromaticity
MediaWiki:Exif-xresolution
1376
sysop
4176
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
Horizontal resolution
MediaWiki:Exif-ycbcrcoefficients
1377
sysop
3933
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Color space transformation matrix coefficients
MediaWiki:Exif-ycbcrpositioning
1378
sysop
3934
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Y and C positioning
MediaWiki:Exif-ycbcrsubsampling
1379
sysop
3935
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Subsampling ratio of Y to C
MediaWiki:Exif-yresolution
1380
sysop
4179
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
Vertical resolution
MediaWiki:Externaldberror
1381
sysop
3938
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
There was either an external authentication database error or you are not allowed to update your external account.
MediaWiki:Fileinfo
1382
sysop
3939
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
$1KB, MIME type: <code>$2</code>
MediaWiki:Files
1383
sysop
3940
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Files
MediaWiki:Group-admin-desc
1384
sysop
3943
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Trusted users able to block users and delete articles
MediaWiki:Group-admin-name
1385
sysop
3944
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Administrator
MediaWiki:Group-anon-desc
1386
sysop
3945
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Anonymous users
MediaWiki:Group-anon-name
1387
sysop
3946
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Anonymous
MediaWiki:Group-bureaucrat-desc
1388
sysop
3947
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
The bureaucrat group is able to make sysops
MediaWiki:Group-bureaucrat-name
1389
sysop
3948
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Bureaucrat
MediaWiki:Group-loggedin-desc
1390
sysop
3949
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
General logged in users
MediaWiki:Group-loggedin-name
1391
sysop
3950
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
User
MediaWiki:Group-steward-desc
1392
sysop
3951
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Full access
MediaWiki:Group-steward-name
1393
sysop
3952
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Steward
MediaWiki:Grouprightspheading
1394
sysop
3953
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
grouprights level
MediaWiki:Groups
1395
sysop
3954
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
User groups
MediaWiki:Groups-addgroup
1396
sysop
3955
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Add group
MediaWiki:Groups-already-exists
1397
sysop
3956
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
A group of that name already exists
MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup
1398
sysop
3957
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Edit group
MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup-description
1399
sysop
3958
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Group description (max 255 characters):<br />
MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup-name
1400
sysop
3959
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Group name:
MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup-preamble
1401
sysop
3960
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
If the name or description starts with a colon, the
remainder will be treated as a message name, and hence the text will be localised
using the MediaWiki namespace
MediaWiki:Groups-existing
1402
sysop
3961
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Existing groups
MediaWiki:Groups-group-edit
1403
sysop
3962
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Existing groups:
MediaWiki:Groups-lookup-group
1404
sysop
3963
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Manage group rights
MediaWiki:Groups-noname
1405
sysop
3964
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Please specify a valid group name
MediaWiki:Groups-tableheader
1406
sysop
3965
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
ID || Name || Description || Rights
MediaWiki:Histfirst
1407
sysop
3966
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Earliest
MediaWiki:Histlast
1408
sysop
3967
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Latest
MediaWiki:Imagelistall
1409
sysop
3970
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
all
MediaWiki:Immobile namespace
1410
sysop
7119
2006-10-25T20:38:38Z
MediaWiki default
121
Source or destination title is of a special type; cannot move pages from and into that namespace.
MediaWiki:Importinterwiki
1411
sysop
3975
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
Transwiki import
MediaWiki:Importnosources
1412
sysop
3976
2005-07-03T14:22:35Z
MediaWiki default
No transwiki import sources have been defined and direct history uploads are disabled.
MediaWiki:Invalidemailaddress
1413
sysop
4713
2005-12-02T02:49:33Z
MediaWiki default
The e-mail address cannot be accepted as it appears to have an invalid
format. Please enter a well-formatted address or empty that field.
MediaWiki:Invert
1414
sysop
3978
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Invert selection
MediaWiki:Ipadressorusername
1415
sysop
3980
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
IP Address or username
MediaWiki:Ipboptions
1416
sysop
4183
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
2 hours:2 hours,1 day:1 day,3 days:3 days,1 week:1 week,2 weeks:2 weeks,1 month:1 month,3 months:3 months,6 months:6 months,1 year:1 year,infinite:infinite
MediaWiki:Ipbother
1417
sysop
3982
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Other time
MediaWiki:Ipbotheroption
1418
sysop
3983
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
other
MediaWiki:Mediawarning
1419
sysop
6013
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
'''Warning''': This file may contain malicious code, by executing it your system may be compromised.<hr />
MediaWiki:Metadata
1420
sysop
3995
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Metadata
MediaWiki:Metadata page
1421
sysop
3996
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Wikipedia:Metadata
MediaWiki:Movelogpage
1422
sysop
3999
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Move log
MediaWiki:Movelogpagetext
1423
sysop
4000
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Below is a list of page moved.
MediaWiki:Movereason
1424
sysop
4003
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Reason
MediaWiki:Namespace
1425
sysop
4004
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Namespace:
MediaWiki:Noemailprefs
1426
sysop
6022
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
Specify an e-mail address for these features to work.
MediaWiki:Noimage
1427
sysop
4383
2005-09-05T10:00:36Z
MediaWiki default
No file by this name exists, you can $1.
MediaWiki:Number of watching users RCview
1428
sysop
4012
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
[$1]
MediaWiki:Number of watching users pageview
1429
sysop
4013
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
[$1 watching user/s]
MediaWiki:Passwordtooshort
1430
sysop
4014
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Your password is too short. It must have at least $1 characters.
MediaWiki:Prefs-help-email
1431
sysop
6033
2006-07-01T19:13:04Z
MediaWiki default
* E-mail (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without needing to reveal your identity.
MediaWiki:Prefs-help-email-enotif
1432
sysop
4724
2005-12-02T02:49:34Z
MediaWiki default
This address is also used to send you e-mail notifications if you enabled the options.
MediaWiki:Prefs-help-realname
1433
sysop
4194
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
* Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.
MediaWiki:Print
1434
sysop
4022
2005-07-03T14:22:36Z
MediaWiki default
Print
MediaWiki:Recentchangesall
1435
sysop
4028
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
all
MediaWiki:Renamegrouplogentry
1436
sysop
4030
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Renamed group $2 to $3
MediaWiki:Restrictedpheading
1437
sysop
4032
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Restricted special pages
MediaWiki:Revertmove
1438
sysop
4035
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
revert
MediaWiki:Scarytranscludedisabled
1439
sysop
4037
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
[Interwiki transcluding is disabled]
MediaWiki:Scarytranscludefailed
1440
sysop
4200
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
[Template fetch failed for $1; sorry]
MediaWiki:Scarytranscludetoolong
1441
sysop
4039
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
[URL is too long; sorry]
MediaWiki:Searchfulltext
1442
sysop
4041
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Search full text
MediaWiki:Selfmove
1443
sysop
4043
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Source and destination titles are the same; can't move a page over itself.
MediaWiki:Setstewardflag
1444
sysop
4045
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Set steward flag
MediaWiki:Shareduploadwiki
1445
sysop
4393
2005-09-05T10:00:37Z
MediaWiki default
Please see the $1 for further information.
MediaWiki:Showdiff
1446
sysop
4048
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Show changes
MediaWiki:Sidebar
1447
sysop
4757
2005-12-02T04:21:29Z
MediaWiki default
* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage
** portal-url|portal
** currentevents-url|currentevents
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage
** helppage|help
** sitesupport-url|sitesupport
MediaWiki:Sourcefilename
1448
sysop
4052
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Source filename
MediaWiki:Thumbsize
1449
sysop
4983
2006-01-01T14:46:58Z
MediaWiki default
Thumbnail size:
MediaWiki:Tog-enotifminoredits
1450
sysop
4728
2005-12-02T02:49:35Z
MediaWiki default
E-mail me also for minor edits of pages
MediaWiki:Tog-enotifrevealaddr
1451
sysop
4729
2005-12-02T02:49:35Z
MediaWiki default
Reveal my e-mail address in notification mails
MediaWiki:Tog-enotifusertalkpages
1452
sysop
4730
2005-12-02T02:49:35Z
MediaWiki default
E-mail me when my user talk page is changed
MediaWiki:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages
1453
sysop
6068
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
E-mail me when a page I'm watching is changed
MediaWiki:Tog-externaldiff
1454
sysop
4061
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Use external diff by default
MediaWiki:Tog-externaleditor
1455
sysop
4062
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Use external editor by default
MediaWiki:Tog-shownumberswatching
1456
sysop
4065
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Show the number of watching users
MediaWiki:Tooltip-diff
1457
sysop
6072
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
Show which changes you made to the text. [alt-v]
MediaWiki:Tryexact
1458
sysop
4069
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Try exact match
MediaWiki:Undelete short1
1459
sysop
4070
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Undelete one edit
MediaWiki:Upload directory read only
1460
sysop
4074
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
The upload directory ($1) is not writable by the webserver.
MediaWiki:Uploadnewversion
1461
sysop
4076
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
[$1 Upload a new version of this file]
MediaWiki:Uploadscripted
1462
sysop
5468
2006-03-28T06:47:04Z
MediaWiki default
This file contains HTML or script code that may be erroneously be interpreted by a web browser.
MediaWiki:Uploadvirus
1463
sysop
4080
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
The file contains a virus! Details: $1
MediaWiki:Userrights
1464
sysop
4081
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
User rights management
MediaWiki:Userrights-editusergroup
1465
sysop
4082
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Edit user groups
MediaWiki:Userrights-groupsavailable
1466
sysop
4083
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Available groups:
MediaWiki:Userrights-groupshelp
1467
sysop
4084
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to.
Unselected groups will not be changed. You can deselect a group with CTRL + Left Click
MediaWiki:Userrights-groupsmember
1468
sysop
4085
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Member of:
MediaWiki:Userrights-logcomment
1469
sysop
4086
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Changed group membership from $1 to $2
MediaWiki:Userrights-lookup-user
1470
sysop
4087
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Manage user groups
MediaWiki:Userrights-user-editname
1471
sysop
4986
2006-01-01T14:46:58Z
MediaWiki default
Enter a username:
MediaWiki:Val add
1472
sysop
4090
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Add
MediaWiki:Val del
1473
sysop
4092
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Delete
MediaWiki:Val details th
1474
sysop
4093
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
<sub>User</sub> \ <sup>Topic</sup>
MediaWiki:Val details th user
1475
sysop
4094
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
User $1
MediaWiki:Val iamsure
1476
sysop
4096
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
Check this box if you really mean it!
MediaWiki:Val list header
1477
sysop
4097
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
<th>#</th><th>Topic</th><th>Range</th><th>Action</th>
MediaWiki:Val my stats title
1478
sysop
4098
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
My validation overview
MediaWiki:Val no
1479
sysop
4099
2005-07-03T14:22:37Z
MediaWiki default
No
MediaWiki:Val of
1480
sysop
4100
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
$1 of $2
MediaWiki:Val rev for
1481
sysop
4101
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Revisions for $1
MediaWiki:Val rev stats link
1482
sysop
4102
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
See the validation statistics for "$1" <a href="$2">here</a>
MediaWiki:Val revision
1483
sysop
4103
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Revision
MediaWiki:Val revision changes ok
1484
sysop
4104
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Your ratings have been stored!
MediaWiki:Val revision number
1485
sysop
4105
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Revision #$1
MediaWiki:Val revision of
1486
sysop
4106
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Revision of $1
MediaWiki:Val revision stats link
1487
sysop
4107
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
details
MediaWiki:Val show my ratings
1488
sysop
4108
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Show my validations
MediaWiki:Val time
1489
sysop
4109
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Time
MediaWiki:Val topic desc page
1490
sysop
4110
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Project:Validation topics
MediaWiki:Val user stats title
1491
sysop
4111
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Validation overview of user $1
MediaWiki:Val validation of
1492
sysop
4112
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Validation of "$1"
MediaWiki:Val votepage intro
1493
sysop
4114
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Change this text <a href="{{SERVER}}{{localurl:MediaWiki:Val_votepage_intro}}">here</a>!
MediaWiki:Val warning
1494
sysop
4115
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
<b>Never, <i>ever</i>, change something here without <i>explicit</i> community consensus!</b>
MediaWiki:Val yes
1495
sysop
4116
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Yes
MediaWiki:Variantname-is
1496
sysop
4117
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
is
MediaWiki:Variantname-iz
1497
sysop
4118
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
iz
MediaWiki:Versionrequired
1498
sysop
4119
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Version $1 of MediaWiki required
MediaWiki:Versionrequiredtext
1499
sysop
4120
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Version $1 of MediaWiki is required to use this page. See [[Special:Version]]
MediaWiki:Views
1500
sysop
4121
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Views
MediaWiki:Watchlistall1
1501
sysop
4124
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
all
MediaWiki:Watchlistall2
1502
sysop
4125
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
all
MediaWiki:Wlheader-enotif
1503
sysop
4742
2005-12-02T02:49:36Z
MediaWiki default
* E-mail notification is enabled.
MediaWiki:Wlheader-showupdated
1504
sysop
4128
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
* Pages which have been changed since you last visited them are shown in '''bold'''
MediaWiki:Wlhide
1505
sysop
4129
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Hide
MediaWiki:Wlhideshowown
1506
sysop
6103
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
$1 my edits
MediaWiki:Wlshow
1507
sysop
4131
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Show
MediaWiki:Yourdomainname
1508
sysop
4133
2005-07-03T14:22:38Z
MediaWiki default
Your domain
İbrahim Müteferrika
1509
4458
2005-11-05T00:41:54Z
Ugur Basak
30
'''İbrahim Müteferrika''' ilk defa [[14 Aralık]] 1727'de Müteferrika Matbaasını kurmuştur. Burada basılan kitaplar dünya kitap tarihine ve Osmanlı kültürü tarihine dair önemli bilgiler vermektedir. Bu matbaada [[1729]]-[[1742]] tarihleri arasında 16 kitap basılmıştır. [[1729]]'da "Vankulu Lugati" Arapça harflerle ilk basılan kitaptır. Katip Çelebi'nin 1732'de basılan "Cihannuma"sı içinde harita ve çizimler vardır. [[J. B Holderman]]'ın "Grammaire Turque" kitabı [[1730]]'da [[Osmanlı]]'da Latin alfabesini kullanan ilk baskı olmuştur. [[1732]] yılında basılan "Tarih-i Hind-i garbi" (Amerika'nin keşfi), Amerika hakkında [[Müslüman]] bir yazar tarafından yazılan ilk kitaptır, 13 tahta baskı içerir.
== Kaynaklar ==
http://www.idc.nl/
Category:Ahal
1510
4145
2005-07-20T04:56:06Z
61.248.143.2
[[Category:Türkmenistan Welaýatlar]]
Category:Türkmenistan Welaýatlar
1511
4146
2005-07-20T04:56:28Z
61.248.143.2
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
Category:Mary
1512
4148
2005-07-20T04:58:01Z
61.248.143.2
[[Category:Türkmenistan Welaýatlar]]
MediaWiki:Exif-focalplaneresolutionunit-2
1514
sysop
4172
2005-07-29T11:15:42Z
MediaWiki default
inches
MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistance-value
1515
sysop
4175
2005-07-29T11:15:42Z
MediaWiki default
$1 metres
MediaWiki:Exif-xyresolution-c
1516
sysop
4177
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
$1 dpc
MediaWiki:Exif-xyresolution-i
1517
sysop
4178
2005-07-29T11:15:43Z
MediaWiki default
$1 dpi
MediaWiki:Shareddescriptionfollows
1518
sysop
4201
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
-
MediaWiki:Skinpreview
1519
sysop
4206
2005-07-29T11:15:44Z
MediaWiki default
(Preview)
MediaWiki:Trackback
1520
sysop
4759
2005-12-02T04:21:29Z
MediaWiki default
; $4$5 : [$2 $1]
MediaWiki:Trackbackbox
1521
sysop
4902
2005-12-22T07:45:14Z
MediaWiki default
<div id="mw_trackbacks">
Trackbacks for this article:<br />
$1
</div>
MediaWiki:Trackbackdeleteok
1522
sysop
4213
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
The trackback was successfully deleted.
MediaWiki:Trackbackexcerpt
1523
sysop
4761
2005-12-02T04:21:29Z
MediaWiki default
; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki>
MediaWiki:Trackbacklink
1524
sysop
4215
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
Trackback
MediaWiki:Trackbackremove
1525
sysop
4216
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
([$1 Delete])
MediaWiki:Underline-always
1526
sysop
4218
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
Always
MediaWiki:Underline-default
1527
sysop
4219
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
Browser default
MediaWiki:Underline-never
1528
sysop
4220
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
Never
MediaWiki:Unusedcategories
1529
sysop
4222
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
Unused categories
MediaWiki:Unusedcategoriestext
1530
sysop
4223
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
The following category pages exist although no other article or category make use of them.
MediaWiki:Val rev stats
1531
sysop
4226
2005-07-29T11:15:45Z
MediaWiki default
See the validation statistics for "$1" <a href="$2">here</a>
Category:Alymlyk
1533
4245
2005-08-03T12:11:24Z
Fenix
21
'''[[Alymlyk]]'''
[[an:Category:Zenzias]]
[[ast:Category:Ciencies]]
[[bg:Категория:Наука]]
[[br:Category:Siañs]]
[[ca:Categoria:Ciència]]
[[cs:Kategorie:Věda]]
[[da:Kategori:Videnskab]]
[[de:Kategorie:Wissenschaft]]
[[el:Category:Επιστήμη]]
[[en:Category:Science]]
[[eo:Kategorio:Scienco]]
[[es:Categoría:Ciencias]]
[[et:Category:Teadused]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Sciences]]
[[io:Category:Cienci]]
[[ja:Category:科学]]
[[kw:Category:Scyens]]
[[nl:Categorie:Wetenschap]]
[[no:Kategori:Vitenskap]]
[[pl:Kategoria:Nauka]]
[[pt:Categoria:Ciências]]
[[ru:Category:Наука]]
[[sl:Category:Naravoslovje]]
[[sk:Kategória:Veda]]
[[sv:Kategori:Vetenskap]]
[[tl:Category:Agham]]
[[vi:Category:Khoa học]]
[[zh:Category:科学]]
[[yo:Ipin-tokasi:Imo Sayensi]]
Ahal welaýaty
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#REDIRECT [[Ahal]]
Hazar deňizi
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'''Hazar deňizi''' (ýa ''Kaspi'', ''Kaspy''), bir [[deňiz]]. 4 sany [[döwlet]] ([[Türkmenistan]], [[Russiýa]], [[Eýran]], [[Azerbeýjan]], [[Gazagystan]]) bilen paýlaşýar.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[ar:بحر قزوين]]
[[av:Каспий]]
[[az:Xəzər dənizi]]
[[be:Каспійскае мора]]
[[bg:Каспийско море]]
[[bs:Kaspijsko more]]
[[ca:Mar Càspia]]
[[cs:Kaspické moře]]
[[da:Kaspiske Hav]]
[[de:Kaspisches Meer]]
[[en:Caspian Sea]]
[[eo:Kaspio]]
[[es:Mar Caspio]]
[[et:Kaspia meri]]
[[eu:Kaspiar Itsasoa]]
[[fa:دریای خزر]]
[[fi:Kaspianmeri]]
[[fr:Mer Caspienne]]
[[fy:Kaspyske See]]
[[gl:Mar Caspio]]
[[he:הים הכספי]]
[[hr:Kaspijsko jezero]]
[[id:Laut Kaspia]]
[[is:Kaspíahaf]]
[[it:Mar Caspio]]
[[ja:カスピ海]]
[[ka:კასპიის ზღვა]]
[[ko:카스피 해]]
[[ku:Derya Mazenderan]]
[[lmo:Maar Caasp]]
[[lt:Kaspijos jūra]]
[[lv:Kaspijas jūra]]
[[mzn:مازرون دریا]]
[[nl:Kaspische Zee]]
[[nn:Kaspihavet]]
[[no:Det kaspiske hav]]
[[os:Къаспы денджыз]]
[[pl:Morze Kaspijskie]]
[[pt:Mar Cáspio]]
[[qu:Kaspi hatun qucha]]
[[ro:Marea Caspică]]
[[ru:Каспийское море]]
[[scn:Mar Caspiu]]
[[sh:Kaspijsko more]]
[[simple:Caspian Sea]]
[[sk:Kaspické more]]
[[sl:Kaspijsko jezero]]
[[sr:Каспијско језеро]]
[[sv:Kaspiska havet]]
[[th:ทะเลแคสเปียน]]
[[tr:Hazar Denizi]]
[[ug:قارا دېڭىز]]
[[uk:Каспійське море]]
[[zh:裡海]]
Deňiz
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194.158.204.133
+ belarusian link
'''Deňiz'''
*[[Deňiz we derýalar]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[an:Mar]]
[[ar:بحر]]
[[be:Мора]]
[[bg:Море]]
[[br:Mor]]
[[bs:More (voda)]]
[[ca:Mar]]
[[cs:Moře]]
[[cy:Moroedd]]
[[da:Hav]]
[[de:Meer]]
[[el:Θάλασσα]]
[[en:Sea]]
[[eo:Maro]]
[[es:Mar]]
[[et:Meri]]
[[eu:Itsaso]]
[[fa:دریا]]
[[fi:Meri]]
[[fr:Mer]]
[[gl:Mar]]
[[he:ים]]
[[hi:सागर]]
[[hr:More]]
[[hu:Tenger]]
[[id:Laut]]
[[it:Mare]]
[[ja:海]]
[[jbo:xamsi]]
[[ka:ზღვა]]
[[kg:Kalunga]]
[[ko:바다]]
[[la:Mare]]
[[lad:Mar]]
[[lb:Mier]]
[[lt:Jūra (geografija)]]
[[lv:Jūra]]
[[mk:Море]]
[[ms:Laut]]
[[nds:Meer]]
[[nds-nl:Zee]]
[[nl:Zee]]
[[no:Sjø]]
[[nrm:Mé]]
[[pl:Morze]]
[[pt:Mar]]
[[ro:Mare]]
[[ru:Море]]
[[sh:More]]
[[simple:Sea]]
[[sk:More]]
[[sl:Morje]]
[[sr:Море]]
[[su:Sagara]]
[[sv:Hav]]
[[ta:கடல்]]
[[tg:Баҳр]]
[[tl:Dagat]]
[[tr:Deniz]]
[[ug:دېڭىز]]
[[uk:Море]]
[[vi:Biển]]
[[wa:Mer]]
[[yi:ים]]
[[zh:海]]
[[zh-min-nan:Hái]]
Help:Contents
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#REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Help]]
Wikipedia:About
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#REDIRECT [[Ýörelgeler]]
Oj, svijetla majska zoro
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Ugur Basak
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==Текст химне==
Ој свијетла мајска зоро<br>
Мајко наша Црна Горо<br>
Синови смо твог стијења<br>
И чувари твог поштења<br>
Волимо вас, брда тврда,<br>
И стравичне ваше кланце<br>
Који никад не познаше<br>
Срамотнога ропства ланце.<br>
Док ловћенској нашој мисли<br>
Наша слога даје крила,<br>
Бит ће горда, бит ће славна<br>
Домовина наша мила.<br>
Ријека ће наших вала,<br>
Ускачући у два мора,<br>
Глас носити океану,<br>
Да је вјечна Црна Гора.<br>
==Links==
*[http://www.predsjednik.cg.yu/slike/1097575630.mp3 Званична мелодијска верзија црногорске химне (мп3)]
*[http://www.njegos.org/past/zora.htm Ој јунаштва свијетла зоро из 1863]
[[en:Oj, svijetla majska zoro]]
[[es:Oj, svijetla majska zoro]]
[[et:Oj svijetla majska zoro]]
[[fr:Oj, svijetla majska zoro]]
[[hr:Oj, svijetla majska zoro]]
[[na:Oj, svijetla majska zoro]]
[[nn:Oj, svijetla majska zoro]]
[[pl:Hymn Czarnogóry]]
[[ru:Гимн Черногории]]
[[sk:Oj, svijetla majska zoro]]
[[sr:Ој, свијетла мајска зоро]]
[[sv:Oj, svijetla majska zoro]]
[[th:เพลงชาติมอนเตเนโกร]]
[[tl:Oj svijetla majska zoro]]
Gadymy Ürgenç
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'''Köneürgenç''':
[[Gadymy Horezm döwleti]] hakynda käbir maglumatlar [[Eýran]]daky dag gaýalaryndaky ýazgylarda, [[Zaratuştra dini]]niň esasy kitaby bolan [[Awesta]]da, [[pählewi edebiýaty]]nda, [[grek]]--[[latyn]], we[[Hytaý]] ýazuw çeşmelerinde duş gelýär. Emma diňe bu maglumatlar Horezmiň şöhratly ozalky keşbini dikeltmek üçin asla ýeterlik däldir. [[Orta Aziýa]], Ýakyn we Orta Gündogaryň Gadymky halklarynyň döreden döwletleriniň ykbalynda uly rol oýnan Horezmiň wakalara baý taryhynyň ençeme sahypalary nämälim bolany üçin, baryp 1937-nji ýylda [[SSSR Ylymlar akadeiýasy]]nyň «[[Horezm arheologik ekspedissiýasy]]» döredilipdi.
Horezmiň uly we gadymy şäherleriniň biri - [[Köneürgenç]] barada maglumat has hem az. [[Arap]]lar ýurdy basyp almazdan öňkü [[Ürgenç]] ([[Gürgenç]], [[Jurjaniýa]]) hakda hiç hili ýazgy ýok diýmek bolar. Dogry, Awesta kitabynda agzalýan [[Urwa şäheri]]ni käbir alymlar Ürgenç diýip düşündirýär.
Şahyň üstünden garan, öňki häkim [[Iýas ibn Abdylla]]ny aýryp, onuň ýerine öz inisi [[Ubeýdylla ibn Muslim al Bahili]]ni goýýar.
Seýlelikde Horezmde iki hökümetlilik peýda bolýar. Askajamuk Amyderýanyň sag kenarynda derýadan gündogarda, [[Kät şäheri]]nde bolsa, häkim we [[emir]]ler çepde , Ürgenje ýakyn bir ýerde ýa-da hut Ürgenjiň özünde bolýarlar. Arap [[dini hadym]]y [[Ibn Fadlan]] 992-nji ýylda bu ýerleriň üsti bilen Ýolgadaky Bulgarlara tarapa geçende, Horezmiň paýtagaty Kät eken. Emma Ürgenç weli günsaýyn güýçlenip ugrapdyr. 992-nji ýylda Kät säheriniň ýerleşen ýerini Amyderýa köwüp ýykypdyr. Bu wakadan bir ýyl geçenden soň, gadymy Horezmşalar nesliniň düýbini tutan Afrig patyşanyň iň soňky wekili Abu Abdylla Muhammet öldürilýär. Ürgenjiň emiri Mamun iki bölekden duran Horezmi bir döwlete birleşdirýär. 995-nji ýyldan başlap tä 17-nji asyra çenli «Horezmiň paýtagty» diýlende diňe Ürgenç göz öňünde tutulýar. Mamunyň ogullary Aly (997--1004-nji ýyllar) we Mamun II (1004--1017-nji ýyllar) döwründe Horezm doly özbaşdak bolýar.
Sol wagt Ürgenç bütün gündogaryň iň uly şäherine öwrülipdir. Şäherde söwda, senetçiliik, sungat we ylym ösüpdir. Emiriň köşgü köp sanly akyldarlaryň jemlenen merkezine öwrülipdir. Käbir awtorlar Mamun II köşgünde işlän alymlar toparyna «Akademiýa» hem atlandyrýar. Sebäbi döwrüň belli alymlarynyň köpüsi Horezmiň köşgünde jemlenipdirler. Horezmiň baýlygyna Gazna şäheriniň soltany Mahmudyň gözi gidip we güýç toplap, 1017-nji ýylda Ürgenji basyp alypdyr.
Seýdip Ürgenç ilki [[Gaznewiler]]e, soň bolsa olary taryh meýdanyndan gysyp çykaran [[Seljuklylar]]a tabynlykda bolupdyr. Seljuk [[Melikşa]] (1072--1092) asly [[Garçistan]]ly bir adamdan Anuştegin atly Türk gulamyny satyn alýar. Ol özüniň akyl-paýhasy bilen beýleki gulamlardan tiz saýlanýar. Soltan Sanjaryň (1118--1157) höküm süren döwründe [[Anuştegin]] Horezme häkim edip bellenýär. Anuşteginiň agtygy [[Atsyz]] (1097--1127) döwründe Horezmiň özbaşdaklygy üçin ýenede hereket başlanýar. Ýöne tiz wagtdan Atsyz bilen Sanjaryň arasyna tow düşýär. Bu iki soltanyň arasynda birnäçe uruşlar bolup geçýär. Sol uruşlar hakynda giňräk maglumat [[Ibn al Asir]]iň «[[Kämil]]» taryhynda we [[Sihabeddin an-Nesewiniň]] «[[Soltan Jelaleddin Mangburnynyň ömür beýany]]» kitabynda aýdylýar. Atsyzyň ogly [[Ilarslan]] 17 ýyl şalyk eden soň, 1172-nji ýylda aradan çykýar.
öne omuň uly ogly dälde kiçisi Soltanşa tagty eýeleýär. Iki doganyň arasynda dogan jeň 1200-nji ýylda [[Tekeş]] wepat bolýança dowam edýär, tagta bolsa Tekeşiň dogany Alaeddin lakamly Muhammed çykýar.
Köp ýerlerini basyp alyp uly imperiýa döreden [[Alaeddin Muhammet şa]], ýurda [[mongol]]lar çozanda aljyraňňylyga düsýär. Olardan gaçyp gutulmak isläp «beýik horezmşa» 1220-nji ýylda [[Kaspi deňizi]]niň [[Abeskun adasy]]nda gözgyny ýaddaýda «amanadyny tabşyrýar», şonda hatta onuň jesedini dolamaga kepen hem tapylmansoň, nökerleriň biri köýnegini berýär. Muhammediň ogly Jelaleddiniň mongollar bilen eden merdana söweşleri Ürgenç bilen gös-göni dahyly hem ýok diýmek bolar.
Mongolar çozmazdan sähel öň Arap alymy Ýakut Ürgenje gelip görüpdir. «Men ony 1219-njy ýylda tatarlar (ýagny mongollar) almazdan öň görüpdim. Mundan baý we gowy şäheri öň görenim ýadyma düşenok. Ony [[tatar]]lar ýykandan soň bu sözlerimiň ýalan ýaly ýaňlanmagy mümkin, sebäbi meniň soň soňlar eşidişime görä, şäherden nam nyşan galmandyr. Şäherde ýaşan adamlaryň barysy öldürilipdir... Baýlykda, ulylykda, ilatyň köplüginde we mylakatlylygynda Horezmiň baş şäheri ýaly şäher älemde ýokmuka diýýärin» diýip, Ýakut ýazýar.
Sol ýyllarda Ürgenji suw basmak howpundan saklap duran bendiň bolandygyny Ýakut ýatlaýar. Şäheriň bir bölegi suwuň sag tarapynda, býlekisi çep tarapynda bolupdyr. Amyderýanyň suwyny belli bir derjede saklap duran bendi halk her ýylda abadanlaşdyryp durupdyr. Bendi mongolaryň ýykandygyny ýa-da gözegçiliksiz galansoň öz-özüniň ýykylandygyny kesgitlemek kyn. Taryhçy [[Ibn al-Asyr]] bendi mongollar weýran etdiler diýip tassyklaýar. Her halda Ürgeji suw basypdyr. Şäher sag, ýagny demirgazyk tarapy birazrak belendiräk bolany üçin, onda üç sany ymarat abat saklanyp galypdyr.
Ürgenjiň (Horezmiň) halykynyň käbir özboluşly aýratynlyklaryny taryhçylar belläpdirler. «Oturyşyp--turuşmany gowy görýän, çenden aşa myhmansöýer, batyr we söweşde edermen adamlar» diýip [[al Mukaddesi]] olary taryplaýar. «Şäheriň ilaty söweşjeňlikde we ýaýdan ok atmaklykda meşhurdyr» diýip, awtory näbelli «[[Hudud el-älem]]» kitabynda bellenýär.
Özüniň örän zähmetsöýerligi bilen tanalýan Ürgenç ilaty mongollaryň eden weýrançylygyny ýüz ýyl geçip-geçmänkä düzeldipdir. [[Altyn Orda]]nyň tabynlygyna düşende bolsa, häkim [[Kutlug Temir]]iň we onuň aýaly [[Törebeg hanym]]yň döwründe şäherde binäçe kaşaň ymaratlar peýda bolýar.
Gaydmy Ürgenje bagyşlanyp ýazylan ýörite kitap bolmasa-da aýry-aýry kitaplarda gysgajyk we üzňe habarlar duş gelýär. Kitap düzüji [[Fasih Hawari]] özüniň «[[Mujmali Fasihi]]» (Fasihiň ýygyndysy) atly eserinde her ýylda ýüze çykan hadysalary gysgajyk beläpdir. 707-nji hijri ýylynda (1307-1308-nji milady ýyly) Ürgençde bolup geçen wakalar hakda Fasih Hawari şeýle ýazýar¦ «Horezmiň Jurjaniýesinde emir [[Toluk ibn Kuç-Temir]] öldü. Soltan [[Muhammed Hudabende Uljaýtu]] han [[Nejmeddin Kutlug Temir]]i horezmşa edip belledi we ony Horezme ýollady.»
Bu maglumatdan Ürgençde birnäçe ymarat we Orta Aziýada iň beýik minarany bina etdiren [[Kutlug Temir]]iň şähere haýsy wagtda gelendigi mälim bolýar. Ilat kem-kemden özüni tutup, ýene-de şäher gurluşygyna giň gerim beripdir. Ürgençliler häkimi hem özleriniň ýokary medeniýetine çekipdirler. Her halda Kutlug Temir halkyň döredijilik başlangyçlaryny goldapdyr. Şäherde uly gurlyşyk gidipdir. Ürgenji 1333-nji ýylda gören [[Marokko]]ly syýahatçy [[Ibn Battuta]] seýle ýatlaýar¦ «Ol ilatyň gürlüginden ýaňa tolkun atýan deňzi ýada salýar. Bir gezek men bazaryň Sur atly merkezine atly girdim. Märekäniň şeýle gür ýerine ýetdim weli, yzyma dolanyp bilmän, köp eglendim. Birnäçe wagtdan soň yzyma öwrüldim. Şäheriň çetinden uçmahdan baş alyp gaýdýan dört derýanyň biri-Jeýhun derýasy akýar. Ol [[Itil]] ([[Wolga]]) ýaly doňýar. Adamlar buzuň üsti bilen bäş aýlap iki ýana geçýärler».
Özüniň ýatlamalarynda Ibn Battuta aýazly günleriň birinde [[Amyderýa]]nyň orta akymlarynda ýerlesen bir döwleti dolandyryp ýören emirleriň birini görendigini we onuň bilen salamlaşmaga dodaklarynyň gowuşmandygyny ýazýar. «Meniň bu halymy görüp, emir güldi we soňra köp pul peşgeş berip, aw awlamaga barýan ýoluny dowam etdirdi». soň Ibn Battuta Horezme gelip, has demirgazykda ýerleşen ülkäniň erbet sowugyndan azar çekendigini ýazýar.
Fasih Hawariniň ýygyndysynda ýazylyşyna görä, 1336-njy ýylyň 26-njy noýabrynda Kutlug Timur ölýär. Ol özüniň bina etdiren S'habiýa atly medresesinde jaýlanypdyr. Ibn Battutadan ýedi ýyl soň, ýagny 1340-njy ýylda bu ýere gelen Florebsiýa söwda firmasynyň wekili Balduççi Pegoletti şäheriň ähmiýetini şeýle kesgitleýär¦ «Aziýanyň çuň alyslyklaryna aralasyp ýörmegiň hiç hajaty ýok, sebäbi Horezmiň paýtagty Ürgençde [[Ýewropa]] bazarlary üçin zerur bolan ähli harydy satyn almak mümkin».
Soňky sözlerinde hamala Ürgenç tiz dikeldilen ýaly bolup görünýär. Ýöne hakykatda beýle bolmandyr. Iberilen wekil 15 ýyldan yzyna dolanan bolsa-da, weýran edilen säheriň diňe bir bölegi --Kagan mähellesi (kwartaly) täzeden dikeldilipdir.
Temiriň döwründe, esasan, söwda ýollary Ürgençden sowulyp geçipdir. [[Desti-Gypçak]]da çarwa özbek hanlarynyň öz aralaryndaky tire--taýpa uruşlary köpelip, Ürgenjiň öň gatnaşyk saklanan Altyn Ordanyň merkezlerinden hem arasy kesilipdir. Altyn Ordada başlanan uruş Temirleň ölenden soň onuň mirasdarlarynyň tagt üçin eden uruslaryna meňzeşdir. Altyn Ordadaky başagaýlykdan peýdalanyp, Temirleňiň ogly Sahruh Horezmi eýeläpdir. Emma 15-nji asyryň ikinji ýarymynda Horezm ýenede özbaşdaklyk gazanypdyr.
Temirleň we onuň ogullary, Seýbany han we onuň tiredeşleri, Eýran şasy [[Ysmaýyl I]] Ürgençde öz häkimlerini otudypdyrlar. Bu hanlar we soltanlar döwründe ne-hä bir uly ymarat salynypdyr, ne-de bir kanal gazylypdyr. Ykdysady we medeni taýdan pese düşen Ürgenjiň ýagdaýyny [[syýahatçy Jenkinson]] 1558-nji ýylyň 16-njy oktýabrynda görüpdir. Ol şeýle ýazgy galdyrypdyr¦ «Ürgenç şäheri düzlük ýerde ýerleşipdir. Onuň töweregine 4 mile golaý palçykdan ýasalan haýat salynypdyr. Öýler hem palçykdan, olar tertipsiz we ýykyljak bolusyp durlar. Bir köçäniň üsti basyrygly, Ürgençliler ony bazar hökmünde ulanýarlar. Agzalalykly uruşlar döwründe şäher ýedi ýylyň içinde dört sapar bir hanyň elinden beýleki hanyň eline geçipdir. Şonuň üçin bu ýerde täjirler az, barjalary hem juda garyp. Tutuş şäherde men, barja ýogy dört top mata satyp bildim. bu ýerde satylýan esasy harytlar Buharadan we Eýrandan getirilýär. Olar hem şeýle bir az hatda ýazyp oturanyňada degenok. Kaspi deňzinden Ürgenç şäherine çenli ýaylyp ýatan sähra Türkmenleriň ýurdy diýilýär. Ol ýurt Hajymhana we onuň bäş sany inilerine tabyn. Olaryň biri «uly han» diýip atlandyrylýar. Emma oňa ýaşaýan ýerinde we soraýan welaýatynda gulak asylaýmasa, başga ýerde idili boýun egmeýärler. Munuň sebäbi onuň inileriniň her haýsynyň özbaşdak han boljak bolmagyndadyr...»
Umuman, 18-nji asyryň ahyrynda dörän taryhy şertleriň netijesinde Ürgenç hiç haçan öňki şan--şöhratyna ýetmändir. Şol şertleriň esaslary hökmünde uly taryhy wakalaryň Mawaranahra geçmegini, Horezmi özara uruşýan çarwa özbek hanlarynyň eýelemegini, Ýewropa, Hindistan we Hytaý arasyndaky söwdanyň deňiz ýollary bilan amala aşyrylmagyny, Amerikanyň açylmagy bilen bu şäheriň Ýewropa söwdasyndan çetde bolup galmagyny, Amyderýanyň ugrynyň üýtgemegi bilen şäheriň akar suwdan daşda galmagyny we ş.m.-leri görkezmek bolar.
Taryhçy hökmünde tanalýan [[Abulgazy]] hem tagta çykandan bir ýyl soň, [[Hywa]] şäheriniň demirgazygynda gala saldyryp, adyna Täzeürgenç dakýar. 1646-njy ýylda gadym Horezm döwletiniň paýtagty Ürgenjiň ilatyny ol ýere göçürip alyp gidýär. Şeýlelikde, Horezm döwletinde Ürgenç ady bilen iki döwlet emele gelýär.
Köneürgenç etrabyndaky gadymdan özleşdirilip gelen ýerleri suwlandyrmak üçin 1831-nji ýylda kanal çekilipdir. Halk gadymy paýtagtyň demirgazyk tarapynda orun tutup başlapdyr. Ürgenji täzeden dikeltmegiň iň soňky synanşygy [[Muhammet Emin]] ([[Mädemin]]) hanyň (1846-1855) ady bilen baglydyr. Ol Ürgenji paýtagt etmekçi bolupdyr we 13--14-nji asyrlarda Altyn Ordadan bellenen häkimleriň köşkleri ýerleşen jaýyň töweregine haýat hem saldyrypdyr. Han Türkmenlere garşy uruşda öldürilipdir we onuň arzuwy başa barman galypdyr.
Ülkäniň 17-nji asyra we ondan soňky döwüre degisli resmi hatlarynda «Horezm hanlygy» diýilen at diňe rus we günbatar Ýewropa adabiýatyna mahsusdyr. Öz resmi hatlarynda ülkäniň adynyň Horezm diýilip tutulandygy üçin 1920-nji ýylyň rewololýussiýasy netijesinde onuň territoriýasynda dörän respublika [[Horezm Halk Sowet Respublikasy]] ady dakylypdyr.
Parahat söwda ýollary bilen üpjün edilen haryt alyş--çalyşygy arap halifatyna tabyn halklaryň ösüşiniň ähli taraplaryny öz akymyna girizipdir. «Ägirt uly möçberde baglaşylan söwda şertnamalary [[Uzak Gündogar]]da hem, [[Alys Günbatar]]da hem alynyp barylardy we şol sertnamalardan gelýän pul tölegleri girdeji hökmünde düşýän salgytlardan we haraçlardan has çalt köpelerdi» diýip, 10-njy asyryň bir ýazyjysy belläp geçipdir.
Ol döwüriň Horezm döwleti halkara söwdasynyň iň uly merkezleriniň birine öwrülipdir. [[Gündogar Ýewropa]]nyň, Orta Aziýanyň, Eýranyň we beýleki ýurtlaryň söwda satyk bähbitleri bu döwlet bilen ysnyşykly gatnaşyk etmek bilen bagly bolupdyr. Uly baýlyklaryň toplanmagyna getiren giň söwda ülkäniň şäherleriniň ulalmagyna, obalaryň giňelmegine, senetçiligiň we sungatyň ösmegine, feodal ahlagyň pugtalanmagyna getiripdir. Ürgenjiň bazarlary Güdogar Ýewropa bilen Gündogar Aziýada öndürülen harytlardan doldurylypdyr.
Şol wagtlarda üç sany halkara kerwen ýoly bolup, biri [[Mawaranahr]]dan gelse, ikinjisi [[Buhara]]dan çykyp, Warahsa (Amyderýanyň sag tarap kenary bilen, Surahanyň üstünden geçip), [[Kät]], [[Has]], [[Nuzkat]], [[Nukbag]] ([[Porsy]]), [[Mizdakhan]] aşyp Ürgenje gelipdir. Şu ýoluň [[Mary]] tarap gidýän sahaşy-da bolupdyr. Ol [[Tahiriýa]]dan Günortarakda ýerleşen [[Nuskary]] ([[Gabakly]]) rabatynda ýoluň ikä bölünmeginden emele gelipdir. Şahalaryň biri gönü gönorta -- [[Amul şäheri]]ne gitse, beýlekisi gumuň jümmüşinden Mara çykypdyr. Hywanyň 19-njy asyra degişli ýazgylarynda bu ýol «[[Taht ýoly]]» diýlip atlandyrylýar.
Üçünji ýol -- [[Şähristan ýoly]] diýlip atlandyrylypdyr. Baryp Kusanlar döwründe dörän Zamahsardan kerwenler Şähristana we [[Nusaý]]a gelipdirler. Bu ýol günbatar [[Horasan]]dan başlanyp, [[Gyzylarbat]]dan [[Garagum]]yň içinden geçip, [[Uzboý]]daky guýularyň ugry bilen Çermenýaba ([[Çermenýap]]) tarap uzapdyr. Ol Çermenýabyň kenary bilen Zamahsara ýetipdir we ol ýerden Arda-Husmitan şäherine baryp, Ürgenç we Kät şahalaryna bölünipdir. Zamahsardan Ürgenje gidýän ýoluň has gysgaragy hem bolupdyr. Bu ýoluň Ýedi weli atly ýerden geçip, bir topar rabatlaryň -- kerwensaraýlaryň üsti bilen Zamahsara ýeten bolmagy mümkin. 10-njy asyrda al-Mukaddasy [[Kiçiürgenç]] atly säheriň bolandygyny ýazan bolsa , 13-nji asyryň başynda Ýakut Kiçiürgenjiň uly Ürgençden üç parsah (parsah--6-7 kilometre deňdir) aralykda ýerleşýändigini kesgitleýär. Merhum [[Ý. Gulamow]] Ýedi welili Kiçiürgenç bilen bir hasap ederdi.
Ürgençden günbatara gidýän söwda ýoly [[Üstýurt]]dan [[Emba]] we Itil (Wolga) derýalaryna ýetipdir. Sol ýerde ýol birnäçe şahalar bölünipdir. Ürgençden gaýdan bu ýollaryň Itil derýasynyň kenarlaryndan gadymy Hazar we Bulgar döwletlerine gidýän şahalary bolupdyr. «[[Taryh al-Masudi]]» atly kitapda Horezmlileriň suw ýollaryndan hem peýdalanandyklary bellenilýär. Wolga derýasynda Horezmiň dürli önümleri ýüklenen uly gämileri ýüzüpdir.
Uly kerwen ýollary bir görseň, çar tarapa dargaşyp, bir giden ulyly-kiçili gala we obalara degip geçip, ýene-de esasy şaýolda birigpdirler. Şeýle ýollaryň hut horezm wadisiniň (wadi--oazis) özünde birnäçesiniň bolandygyny al-Mukaddasi belläpdir. Ol üç sany ýerli ähmiýetli kerwen ýolunyň ugrunda ýerlesen şäherleriň, galalaryň özara näçeräk daşlykda ýerleşendiklerini ýazyp görkezipdir.
Ürgenjiň gös-göni gatnaşmagynda edilen söwdada haýsy harytlaryň ulanylandygyny bilmek hem gyzyklydyr. 10-njy asyryň başyna degişli seýle maglumaty al-Itahri ýazyp galdyrypdyr¦ «Horezm -- hasylly, iýmite we miwä baý şäher. Onda diňe hoz ýok. Bu ýerde uzak ýurtlarda satmak üçin pagtadan we ýüňden köp zatlar öndürilýär. Şäherde ýaşaýanlaryň aýratynlygynyň biri hem baýlygyny we edermenligini aýan etmeklilige höwesliligidir. Horasanyň beýleki ilatyna garanyňda, bular özge ülkelerde köp duşýar, olar köp syýahat edýärler. Köp sanly Horezmlileriň ýaşamaýan uly säheri Horasanda duşmaýar. Horezm ýurdynda altynyň, kümşüň, gymmatbaha daşlaryň magdany ýok. Olaryň baýlygynyň abraýly bölegi mal saklamak we türkler bilen söwda etmekden önýär. [[Slawýan]]lardan, [[hazarlar]]dan we olaryň goňşy halklaryndan, şol sanda [[türk]]lerden düşýän gullaryň aglabasy, şeýlede sähra tilkileriniň, senjabyň, gunduzyň derileri bularyň elinde jemlenýär».
Köneürgençden başlanyp Yzmyhsirde gutarýan gadymy kerwen ýoluny göz öňüne getirjek bolup synanşalyň. Şonda şeýle marşruty çak edip bolar¦ Köneürgrnç--Kiçiürgenç (Ýedi weli) 3 parsah, Kiçiürgenç--Sazakly öwliýä 3 parsah, [[Sazakly öwliýä]]-[[Tüýnükli öwliýä]] 1 parsah, Tüýnikli öwliýä-Ak depe 1 parsah, Ak depe--ikinji Sazakly öwliýä 2 parsah, Ikinji sazakly öwliýä--Yzmyhsir 1 menzil. Bu ýerde ikinji Sazaklydan Yzmyhsire çenli bolan bir menzillik, ýagny ýedi parsah aralyk, elbetde, «öwliýäsiz» bolan däldir. Su iki merkeziň arasyndaky gadymy gonamçylyklaryň astynda galapyn antik we orta asyra degişli arheologik ýadigärlikleriň ençemesi gömülip ýatyr.
Içeriki söwda degişli kerwen ýollarynyň başga ugurlarynyň hem bolan bolmagy mümkin. Mysal üçin, has soňraky asyrlarda Ürgençden gelýän ýol Ýedi welä barman geçen bolmagy mümkin, sebäbi Kiçiürgenç diýilen at köpçüligiň ýadyndan çykyp onuň ýerine gonamçylyk döränsoň kerwenler başga bir ýerde düşlemeli bolandyr. Şeýle ýerleriň biri hökmünde Mädeminhanyň galasyny görkezmek bolar. Hywadan ýörite Köneürgeji görmek üçin gaýdan Eýranly ilçi we alym [[Rizakulihan Hidaýat]]yň 1851-nji ýylda geçen ýoly gyzyklydyr. Ol Hywadan cykyp [[Daşhowuz]]a gaýdypdyr. Soň [[Hilaleýin]]de, ýagny [[Ýylanly]]da bolup, Ak depä gelipdir. [[Ak depe]]den soň [[Mädemingala]]da hem bir gije ýatyp, Köneürgenje gelip ýetipdir. Bu agzalan ýerlerde ilçiniň atly hemralary gijelerine düşlemeli bolupdyrlar. Ol ýurdyna dolanansoň «[[Safar nama-ýi-Horezm]]» atly kitap ýazypdyr. Hidaýat Köneürgenje eden sapary wagtynda bu gadymy şäherde gören gadymy ymaratlaryny we ýaşap geçen meşhur adamlary hakda ýatlamalar galdyrydyr.
Horezmiň paýtagty Hywa säherine göçürilenden soň hem Köneürgenje geler durar ekenler. Täze paýtagtyň gözel ymaratlary köp bolsada Köneürgençdäki gadymdan galan nusgalar köpçüligiň ünsünden düşmändir. Hywadan gaýdýan ýol Täzeürgenje, Şabada, Daşhowuza, Porsa degip geçip Köneürgenje gelipdir. Hywadan gaýdýan ýollaryň başga şahalary-da bolupdyr. Mysal üçin, Hywa, [[Gazawat]], [[Tagta]]nyň üsti bilen ýene-de Daşhowuza ýa-da Ýylanla çykylýan ýollar bolupdyr. Biziň günlerimiziň asfalt ýollary hem gadymy kerwen ýollarynyň käte üstünden, käte golaýyndan geçip Köneürgenje ýetýär.
[[de:Köneürgenç]]
[[en:Kunya Urgench]]
[[fr:Kounya-Ourguentch]]
[[ko:코네우르겐치]]
[[ru:Коне-Ургенч]]
[[Category:Taryh]]
C programmirleme dili
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Ugur Basak
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boş sahife
Alp Arslan
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Parahat
8
'''Mumhammet ibn Dawut''' ''([[1029 ]] - [[1072]])'', Seljuk Türkmenleriniň ikinji soltany, [[Seljukly döwleti|Seljukly döwletini]] guran Seljugyň agtygy. [[Yslam]] dinine baglanandygy üçin Muhammet adyny aldy, harby üstünligi üçin bolsa oňa '''Alp Arslan''' lakamy dakyldy.
«Alp Arslan» adynyň manysy «Gaýduwsyz Arslan» diýmek bolýar. Ol taryha öz adyny gaýduwsyzlygy, rehimligigi, gahrymançylygy we serdarlygy bilen ýazdyrandyr.
[[Category:Taryh]]
[[ar:ألب أرسلان]]
[[bg:Алп Арслан]]
[[de:Alp Arslan]]
[[en:Alp Arslan]]
[[fa:آلپ ارسلان]]
[[fi:Alp Arslan]]
[[fr:Alp Arslan]]
[[he:אלף ארסלאן]]
[[it:Alp Arslan]]
[[ka:ალფ-არსლანი]]
[[nl:Alp Arslan]]
[[pl:Alp Arslan]]
[[sl:Alp Arslan]]
[[sv:Alp Arslan]]
[[tr:Alp Arslan]]
Ýörelgeler
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Fenix
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Ýörelgeler moved to Wikipedia:Ýörelgeler: namespace move
#redirect [[Wikipedia:Ýörelgeler]]
Türkmençe
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redirect
#REDIRECT [[Türkmen dili]]
Köne-Ürgenç
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172.136.52.89
#redirect: [[Gadymy Ürgenç]]
GADYMY ÜRGENÇ
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Parahat
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GADYMY ÜRGENÇ moved to Gadymy Ürgenç
#redirect [[Gadymy Ürgenç]]
Elipbiý
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[[Türkmen elipbiýi]]
MediaWiki:Expiringblock
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Redirecting to [[Rusça]]
#REDIRECT [[Rusça]]
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User [[User:$1|$1]] ([[User talk:$1|talk]]) deleted this page after you started editing with reason:
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upload it
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updated since my last visit
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Türkmen
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217.31.228.29
Şäher
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81.214.142.70
Tarim
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155.223.26.139
'''Tarym'''
Balkan welaýaty
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Ga1taman
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[[Image:TurkmenistanBalkan.png|thumb|300px|Balkan welaýaty]]
[[Türkmenistan]]daky baş welayatdan birinin ady. Şol welayatda yerleşen Balkan adynda dag hem bardyr.
===Şaherler===
# [[Balkanabat]] <br>
# [[Türkmenbaşy]] ([[Krasnowodsk]]) <br>
# [[Serdar]] ([[Gyzylarbat]]) <br>
# [[Gumdag]] <br>
# [[Bereket]] ([[Gazanjyk]]) <br>
# [[Hazar]] ([[Çeleken]]) <br>
===Etraplar===
# [[Türkmenbaşy]] ([[Krasnowodsk]]) <br>
# [[Serdar]] ([[Gyzylarbat]]) <br>
# [[Bereket]] ([[Gazanjyk]]) <br>
# [[Magtymguly etraby]] ([[Garrygala]])
# [[Etrek]] ([[Gyzyletrek]]) <br>
# [[Esenguly]] <br>
{{Template:Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları}}
[[Category:Balkan welaýaty]]
[[en:Balkan Province]]
[[et:Balkani vilajett]]
[[fa:بلکان (استان)]]
[[fi:Balkanin maakunta]]
[[id:Provinsi Balkan]]
[[ru:Балканский велаят]]
[[tr:Balkan (vilayet)]]
Category:Balkan welaýaty
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[[Category:Türkmenistan Welaýatlar]]
Daşoguz welaýaty
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Mustafa Akalp
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'''Daşoguz welaýaty'''
* [[Daşoguz]]
{{Template:Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları}}
[[Category:Daşoguz welaýaty]]
[[en:Dashhowuz Province]]
[[et:Daşoguzi vilajett]]
[[fa:داشاغوز (استان)]]
[[fi:Dašhowuzin maakunta]]
[[tr:Daşoğuz (vilayet)]]
Category:Daşoguz welaýaty
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[[Category:Türkmenistan Welaýatlar]]
Lebap welaýaty
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'''Lebap welaýaty'''
* [[Türkmenabat]]
{{Template:Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları}}
[[Category:Lebap welaýaty]]
[[en:Lebap Province]]
[[et:Lebapi vilajett]]
Category:Lebap welaýaty
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[[Category:Türkmenistan Welaýatlar]]
Mary welaýaty
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Ga1taman
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[[Image:TurkmenistanMaryM.png|right|Map showing district]]
'''Mary welaýaty'''
* [[Mary]]
{{Template:Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları}}
[[Category:Mary welaýaty]]
[[en:Mary Province]]
[[et:Mary vilajett]]
[[fa:استان مرو]]
[[pl:Wilajet maryjski]]
[[tr:Mary (vilayet)]]
Category:Mary welaýaty
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[[Category:Türkmenistan Welaýatlar]]
Wikipedia:Yöneticilik Başvurusu
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Absar
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== '''Bu Sahypada Ýolbaşçylyk üçin ýüz tutuň!'''==
== [[User:Parahat|Parahat]] ==
Men administrator bolmak isleyan. -- en: I want to be administrator <br>
Menin ene dilim Türkmen dili. -- en: My mother tongue is Turkmen <br>
=== (+) Support ===
#[[User:Memty|Memty]] 11:18, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
#[[User:atamyrat|atamyrat]]
#[[User:Garjan|Garjan]]
# Türkmen dilini bilen galiba tek kişi olduğun için.--[[User:Absar|Absar]] 14:11, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
#[[User:Ekonomist|Ekonomist]] Parahat administrator bolmak üçin hemme şertlere eye.
# [[User:weli|weli]] menem tarapdaryn senin bolmagyn üçin.. yöne kim seretyar bu saylawa? haçan belli bolyar yolbaşçy (Jogapkar/administrator)?? ya-da garaz öz-özimizi aldap otyrysmy? :)
mena boldursanyzam boljakdal :)
=== (-) Oppose ===
=== ( ) Neutral ===
== [[User:ga1taman|ga1taman]] ==
I want to be administrator. My native language is Turkmen. Ene dilim türkmençe .
=== (+) Support ===
# '''Strongly support''' - '''Bütünleý goldaýan''' [[User:Parahat]]
# '''Strong Support'''/'''Bütünleý goldaýan''' --[[User:Jose77|Jose77]] 01:16, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
# '''Men hem goldayan. ''' --[[User:Atamyrat|Atamyrat]] 04:35, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
# --[[User:Memty|Memty]] 04:08, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
# '''Men hem goldayan [[user:agajanh|agajanh]]
# --[[User:Absar|Absar]] 13:29, 23 December 2006 (UTC)
=== (-) Oppose ===
=== ( ) Neutral ===
== [[User:Danyalov|Danyalov]] ==
My native languages are german, turkish and yörük-turkmen...But I wan't be a Administrator.
=== (+) Support ===
=== (-) Oppose ===
#'''Stronly oppose'''. Yon don't know Turkmen language. '''Bütünley garşy''' Türkmen dilini bilenok. [[User:Parahat|Parahat]] 05:54 13 June 2006 (GMT+2)
#[[User:Ekonomist|Ekonomist]] Yes, only those whose native language is Turkmen can be administrator. Dine ene dili Türkmençe bolanlar administrator bolup biler.
=== ( ) Neutral ===
#[[User:Memty|Memty]] 11:19, 13 June 2006 (UTC)
#Eğer Türkmen lehçesini biliyorsan evet.--[[User:Absar|Absar]] 14:13, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
== [[User:Ekonomist|Ekonomist]] ==
Men hem admin/sysops bolmak isleyan. I want to be admin/sysops <br>
My native language is Turkmen <br>
=== (+) Support ===
#[[User:atamyrat|atamyrat]]
#[[User:Memty|Memty]] 19:37, 24 July 2006 (UTC)
#[[User:Jose77|Jose77]] ('''Strong Support''') 02:27, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
#[[User:pain_killer|pain_killer]] economist dostumyz jogapkar bolmaga ukyply sebabi ony bashga turkmen internet sahypalaryndan tanayan. my economist friend has ability to be admin because i knew him in other turkmen websites.
#[[User:Weli|Weli]] senem jogapkar bolmagyny goldayan.
#Şu ortamda Bu Vikipedi'nin gelişmesi için Türkmen lehçesini anlayan herkese evet.--[[User:Absar|Absar]] 09:02, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
=== (-) Oppose ===
=== ( ) Neutral ===
Administrator flag activated. Bye. --[[User:151.30.168.147|151.30.168.147]] 07:49, 30 July 2006 (UTC) ''[[:m:User:Paginazero]] not logged''.
== [[Sazanda]] ==
Men admin/sysops bolmak isleyan. -- en: I want to be admin/sysops <br>
Mening ene dilim Türkmen dili. -- en: My native language is Turkmen <br>
=== (+) Support ===
#[[User:Memty|Memty]] 15:11, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
=== (-) Oppose ===
=== ( ) Neutral ===
<br>
<br>
<br>
== links ==
* [[special:Makesysop]]
* [[wikt:project:{{PAGENAME}}]]
* [[meta:Requests for permissions]]
[[Category: Wikipedia]]
[[af:Wikipedia:Administrateur]]
[[als:Wikipedia:Administratoren]]
[[ar:ويكيبيديا:إداريون]]
[[arc:Wikipedia:Administrators]]
[[ast:Uiquipedia:Alministradores]]
[[av:Википедия:Администраторал]]
[[be:Вікіпэдыя:Адміністрацыя]]
[[bg:Уикипедия:Администратори]]
[[bm:Wikipedia:Administrateurs]]
[[br:Wikipedia:Merourien]]
[[bs:Wikipedia:Administratori]]
[[ca:Viquipèdia:Administradors]]
[[cs:Wikipedie:Správci]]
[[cy:Wicipedia:Gweinyddwyr]]
[[da:Wikipedia:Administratorer]]
[[de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]]
[[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Διαχειριστές]]
[[en:Wikipedia:Administrators]]
[[eo:Vikipedio:Administrantoj]]
[[es:Wikipedia:Bibliotecarios]]
[[et:Vikipeedia:Administraatorid]]
[[eu:Wikipedia:Administratzaileak]]
[[fa:ویکیپدیا:مدیران]]
[[fi:Wikipedia:Ylläpitäjät]]
[[fj:Wikipedia:Administrators]]
[[fo:Wikipedia:Umboðsstjóri]]
[[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]]
[[fur:Vichipedie:Aministradôrs]]
[[fy:Wikipedy:Behearders]]
[[ga:Vicipéid:Riarthóirí]]
[[gl:Wikipedia:Administradores]]
[[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રબંધક]]
[[ha:Wikipedia:Administrators]]
[[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל מערכת]]
[[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक]]
[[hr:Wikipedija:Administratori]]
[[hu:Segítség:Adminisztrátorok]]
[[ia:Wikipedia:Administratores]]
[[id:Wikipedia:Pengurus]]
[[io:Wikipedia:Administranti]]
[[is:Wikipedia:Stjórnendur]]
[[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori]]
[[ja:Wikipedia:管理者]]
[[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორები]]
[[kk:Wikipedia:Әкімшілер]]
[[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರು]]
[[ko:위키백과:관리자]]
[[ks:Wikipedia:Administrators]]
[[ku:Wîkîpediya:Koordînasyon]]
[[la:Vicipaedia:Magistratus]]
[[lad:Wikipedia:Administradores]]
[[lb:Wikipedia:Administratoren]]
[[li:Wikipedia:Systeemwèrkers]]
[[lmo:Wikipedia:Aministraduur]]
[[lt:Wikipedia:Administratoriai]]
[[lv:Wikipedia:Administrācija]]
[[mi:Wikipedia:Administrators]]
[[mk:Википедија:Администратори]]
[[ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia]]
[[mt:Wikipedija:Amministraturi]]
[[na:Wikipedia:Administrators]]
[[nap:Wikipedia:Amministratore]]
[[nds:Wikipedia:Administraters]]
[[nl:Wikipedia:Moderator]]
[[nn:Wikipedia:Administratorar]]
[[no:Wikipedia:Administratorer]]
[[os:Википеди:Админтæ]]
[[pl:Wikipedia:Administratorzy]]
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[[ro:Wikipedia:Administratori]]
[[ru:Википедия:Администраторы]]
[[sa:Wikipedia:Administrators]]
[[scn:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]]
[[se:Wikipedia:Hálddašeaddjit]]
[[simple:Wikipedia:Administrators]]
[[sk:Wikipédia:Správcovia]]
[[sl:Wikipedija:Administratorji]]
[[sm:Wikipedia:Administrators]]
[[sq:Wikipedia:Administruesit]]
[[sr:Википедија:Администратори]]
[[su:Wikipedia:Kuncén]]
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[[sw:Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]
[[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ผู้ดูแลระบบ]]
[[tl:Wikipedia:Mga Tagapangasiwa]]
[[tr:Vikipedi:Yöneticiler]]
[[tt:Wikipedia:İdäräçelär]]
[[uk:Вікіпедія:Адміністратори]]
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[[vi:Wikipedia:Người quản lý]]
[[wa:Wikipedia:Manaedjeus]]
[[yi:װיקיפּעדיע:Administrators]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:管理员]]
[[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân]]
[[zh-yue:Wikipedia:管理員]]
Template:Babel-3
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{| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center; background-color:#FFFFFF"
|-
| '''[[Vikipediya:Babil]]'''
|-
| {{User {{{1}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{2}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{3}}}}}
|-
|}
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<div style="float:left;border:solid #99b3ff 1px;margin:1px;">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:260px;background:#e0e8ff;"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99b3ff;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''{{{1}}}'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;text-align:center;" | {{{3}}}.<hr>These users speak '''[[{{{2}}} language|{{{2}}}]]'''.
|}</div>
<br clear="all">
Category:Kullanıcı dilleri
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Kullanıcı dilleri.
[[Category:Wikipedia]]
Category:User en
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[[Category:Kullanıcı dilleri|en]]
{{UsersSpeak|en|These users speak English language|'''English language'''}}
[[af:Kategorie:Gebruiker en]]
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[[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Inglés]]
[[az:Kateqoriya:User en]]
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[[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი en]]
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[[na:Category:User en]]
[[nah:Categoría:Usuarios ic tlahtōlli en]]
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[[sv:Kategori:Användare en]]
[[th:หมวดหมู่:User en]]
[[tl:Category:User en]]
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[[uk:Категорія:User en]]
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[[vi:Thể loại:User en]]
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Category:User en-N
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[[Category:User en]]
Template:User en-3
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<div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''en-3'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-3|advanced]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}</div>
Category:User tr-N
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[[Category:User tr]]
Category:User tr
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[[Category:Kullanıcı dilleri|tr]]
{{UsersSpeak|tr|Türkçe|'''Türkçe dili'''}}
[[als:Kategorie:User tr]]
[[az:Kateqoriya:User tr]]
[[be:Катэгорыя:User tr]]
[[bg:Категория:Потребител tr]]
[[bs:Kategorija:User tr]]
[[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - Türkçe]]
[[cs:Kategorie:User tr]]
[[cv:Категори:User tr]]
[[cy:Categori:User tr]]
[[da:Kategori:Brugere tr]]
[[de:Kategorie:User tr]]
[[el:Κατηγορία:Χρήστης tr]]
[[en:Category:User tr]]
[[eo:Kategorio:Vikipediisto tr]]
[[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Turco]]
[[et:Kategooria:User tr]]
[[eu:Kategoria:Turkiera (erabiltzaileak)]]
[[fa:رده:User tr]]
[[fi:Luokka:User tr]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur tr]]
[[fy:Kategory:Meidogger tr]]
[[he:קטגוריה:User tr]]
[[hu:Kategória:User tr]]
[[id:Kategori:User tr]]
[[io:Category:User tr]]
[[is:Flokkur:Notandi tr]]
[[it:Categoria:Utenti tr]]
[[ja:Category:User tr]]
[[ka:კატეგორია:მომხმარებელი tr]]
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[[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker tr]]
[[pl:Kategoria:User tr]]
[[pt:Categoria:Usuário tr]]
[[ro:Categorie:User tr]]
[[ru:Категория:User tr]]
[[simple:Category:User tr]]
[[sk:Kategória:User tr]]
[[sl:Kategorija:Uporabnik tr]]
[[sq:Category:User tr]]
[[sr:Категорија:Корисник tr]]
[[sv:Kategori:Användare tr]]
[[tr:Kategori:User tr]]
[[tt:Törkem:Äğzä tr]]
[[ug:Category:User tr]]
[[uk:Категорія:User tr]]
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[[zh:Category:Tr 使用者]]
Template:User en
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<div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[Inlisçe|en]]'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | This user is a '''[[:Category:User en-N|native]]''' speaker of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}
</div>
Template:User tr
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<div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;">
<table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;"><tr>
<td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;">'''tr'''</td>
<td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;">Bu kullanıcının '''[[:Category:User tr-N|anadili]]''' '''[[:Category:User tr|Türkçe]]''' dir.[[Category:User tr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User tr-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td>
</tr></table></div>
Template:User tk
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<div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc"
| style="width:45px; height:45px; background:#6ef7a7; text-align:center; font-size:14pt" | '''[[:Category:User tk|tk]]'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Bu ulanyjynyň '''ene dili''' '''[[Türkmen dili]]'''dir.[[Category:User tk|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User tk-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}</div>
Category:User tk
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[[Category:Kullanıcı dilleri|tk]]
{{UsersSpeak|tk|Turkmen|'''Türkmen dili'''}}
[[az:Kateqoriya:User tk]]
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Template:User tk-1
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there was a little mistake in the template
<div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''tk-1'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Bu '''[[:Category:User tk|kullanıcı]] [[:Category:User tk-1|düşük bir seviye ile Türkmenceyi]] '''anlıyor. [[Category:User tk|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User tk-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|} </div>
Category:User tk-2
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<div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[:Category:User tk|
tk-2]]'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Bu '''[[:Category:User tk|ulanyjy]] [[:Category:User tk-2|orta bir derece bilen Türkmen dilini]] '''aňsyrýar .[[Category:User tk|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User tk-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|} </div>
Category:User tk-3
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Template:User tk-3
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88.241.243.21
<div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''tk-3'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Bu ulanyjyny '''[[:Category:User tk-3|ýagşy]]''' '''[[:Category:User tk|Türkmençe]]''' bilyär. [[Category:User tk|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User tk-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}</div>
Category:User tk-4
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<div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''tk-4'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Bu '''[[:Category:User tk|ulanyjy]]''' öz dili kimin '''[[:Category:User tk-4|Türkmençe]]''' bilýär. [[Category:User tk|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User tk-4|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|} </div>
Index.php
1622
5773
2006-06-22T20:38:26Z
82.205.146.188
PHP-de yazylan web sahypalarda in kop ulanylyan faylyn ady. Apache, IIS yali
kop web serverler, bashda index.php faylyny ishledyarler.
Türkmenistanyň welaýatlar
1623
7257
2006-11-13T08:17:21Z
Chishik
79
[[Türkmenistan|Türkmenistanyň]] [[welaýat|welaýatlary]].
#[[Aşgabat şäheri]]
#[[Ahal welaýaty]]
#[[Balkan welaýaty]]
#[[Daşoguz welaýaty]]
#[[Lebap welaýaty]]
#[[Mary welaýaty]]
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[en:Provinces of Turkmenistan]]
[[pl:Podział administracyjny Turkmenistanu]]
[[pt:Subdivisões do Turquemenistão]]
Welaýat
1624
5581
2006-05-09T19:49:48Z
193.140.214.72
türkmen dilinda dal
'''Welaýat''' ([[Arapça]] ولاية wilayah)
Türkmenistan'ın Welayetleri
1625
4493
2005-11-06T01:05:33Z
Ugur Basak
30
Türkmenistan'ın Welayetleri moved to Türkmenistanyň welaýatlar
#REDIRECT [[Türkmenistanyň welaýatlar]]
Balkanabat
1626
8341
2006-12-19T13:53:57Z
144.122.249.11
'''Balkanabat''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da. [[Balkan]] welayatynyn merkezi. Ilaty takmynan 130000 münden köpürak. [[Aşgabat]]'a 450 km, [[Türkmenbaşy]]'a 150 km uzaklykda. [[Uly Balkan dag]]'ynyn eteginde.
[[Category:Türkmenistan]] [[Category:Balkan welaýaty]]
Daşoguz
1627
7010
2006-10-18T12:43:28Z
Mustafa Akalp
120
'''Daşoguz''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da. Türkmenistanyn demirgazyk bölegindaki welayat ve merkezi şaherinin adidir.
{{Template:Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları}}
[[tr:Taşoğuz]]
Kaka
1628
4496
2005-11-06T01:08:16Z
Ugur Basak
30
'''Kaka''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
Kone-Urgench
1629
4497
2005-11-06T01:08:20Z
Ugur Basak
30
'''Kone-Urgench''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
Bayramaly
1630
5550
2006-04-20T19:46:52Z
62.111.227.194
+pl
'''Bayramaly''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[pl:Bajram-Ali]]
Merv
1631
5494
2006-04-10T08:41:32Z
Ugur Basak
30
eski hasli
'''Merv''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
Nebit-Dag
1632
7376
2006-11-18T14:22:14Z
Ga1taman
128
Redirecting to [[Balkanabat]]
#REDIRECT [[Balkanabat]]
Tejen
1633
5340
2006-02-22T00:11:49Z
Parahat
8
[[Težen]] moved to [[Tejen]]: Turkmen dilini bilmeyanler yazmasin!
'''Težen''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
Türkmenbaşy
1634
7573
2006-11-20T17:12:06Z
Ga1taman
128
'''Türkmenbaşy''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da. Önki ady '''Krasnowodsk'''.
[[de:Türkmenbaşy (Stadt)]]
[[en:Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan]]
[[it:Turkmenbashi]]
[[pl:Turkmenbaszy]]
[[ru:Красноводск]]
[[sv:Türkmenbaşy]]
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[Category:Balkan welaýaty]]
Gumdag
1635
7575
2006-11-20T17:13:14Z
Ga1taman
128
'''Gumdag''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da. [[Kiçi Balkan Dagynyn]] eteginde.
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[Category:Balkan welaýaty]]
Hazar
1636
7577
2006-11-20T17:14:15Z
Ga1taman
128
'''Hazar''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[Category:Balkan welaýaty]]
Türkmenabat
1637
4505
2005-11-06T01:10:16Z
Ugur Basak
30
'''Türkmenabat''' bir [[şäher]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
Kunya
1638
4506
2005-11-06T01:10:44Z
Ugur Basak
30
#redirect[[Kone-Urgench]]
Chәržew
1639
4507
2005-11-06T01:11:21Z
Ugur Basak
30
#redirect[[Türkmenabat]]
Chärjew
1640
4508
2005-11-06T01:11:25Z
Ugur Basak
30
#redirect[[Türkmenabat]]
Krasnovodsk
1641
4509
2005-11-06T01:11:48Z
Ugur Basak
30
#redirect[[Türkmenbaşy]]
Çeleken
1642
4510
2005-11-06T01:11:55Z
Ugur Basak
30
#redirect[[Hazar]]
Saparmyrat Nyýazow
1643
8400
2006-12-22T23:51:07Z
80.230.229.69
'''Saparmyrat Nyýazow'''
* 1940-njy yylyn 19-njy fewralynda Gypjak obasynda dogulyar.
* Kakasy Atamyrat II jahan urşunda Kawkaz söweşlerinin birinde wepat bolyar. 35 yaşly ejesi Gurbansoltan, doganlary 10 yaşly Muhammetmyrat we 6 yaşly Nyyazmyrat 1948-nji yylyn Aşgabat yer titremesinde şehit bolyarlar. Bu maşgaladan dine 8 yaşly Saparmyrat aman galyar. Ony garyndaşy Kurbanmyrat aga yygnayar. Ona ene terbiyesini Doyduk eje beryär.
* Ol Aşgabatdaky 20-nji orta mekdebi tapawutlanyp tamamlayar.
* Yokary bilimi 1963-1967-nji yyllarda Leningrad Politehniki institutynda alyar.
Okuwyny tamamlap Büzmeyin GRES-inde inzener bolup işe başlayar.
* 1980-nji yylda Aşgabat şaher komitetinin birinji sekreatary bolyar. Şu döwürlerde gurlup başlanan "Mir" mirkoyonlary Nyyazowyn ady bilen baglanyşyklydyr.
* 1984-1985-nji yyllarda Türkmenistanyn Kommunistik Partiyasynyn I sekretary wezipesinde işleyär.
* 1985-de Türkmenistanyn Hökümetinin başyna geçyär.
* 1990-njy yylyn 27-nji oktyabrynda Türkmenistan SSR-inin Prezidentligine saylandy.
* 1991-nji yylyn 27-nji oktyabryndaky referendium bilen Türkmenistan Garaşsyzlygyny yglan edyär.
* 1992-nji yylyn 2-nji martynda Türkmenistan Birleşen Milletler Guramasynyn agzasy bolyar.
* 1993-nji yylyn 1-nji noyabrynda Türkmenistan özünin pul birligini (MANAT) çykaryar.
* 1995-nji yylyn 12-nji dekabrynda Türkmenistan Bitarap döwlet hökmunde BMG tarapyndan ykrar edilyär.
Türkmenbaşy Türkmenistanyn 3 gezek gahrymanydyr. (Türkmenistanyn Garaşsyzlygy, Türkmenistanyn Bitaraplygy we Türkmenistanyn bugday garaşsyzlygyklary üçin)
And finally he's fucking dead.
http://www.turkmenonline.com/resim/president.jpg (Resimi)
[[Category:Türkmenistan]]
[[de:Saparmyrat Nyýazow]]
[[en:Saparmurat Niyazov]]
[[es:Saparmyrat Nyýazow]]
[[fi:Saparmurat Nijazov]]
[[fr:Saparmyrat Nyýazow]]
[[gl:Separmurat Niyazov]]
[[he:ספרמורט ניאזוב]]
[[hr:Saparmurat Nijazov]]
[[id:Saparmurat Niyazov]]
[[is:Saparmyrat Nyýazow]]
[[ja:サパルムラト・ニヤゾフ]]
[[ko:사파르트무라트 니야조프]]
[[lt:Saparmuradas Nijazovas]]
[[mk:Сапармурат Нијазов]]
[[nl:Saparmurat Niazov]]
[[nn:Saparmurat Nijazov]]
[[no:Saparmurat Nijazov]]
[[pl:Saparmurat Nijazow]]
[[pt:Saparmurat Niyazov]]
[[ru:Ниязов, Сапармурат Атаевич]]
[[sr:Сапармурат Нијазов]]
[[sv:Saparmurat Nijazov]]
[[tr:Saparmurat Türkmenbaşı]]
Owganystan
1644
7825
2006-11-27T11:44:30Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[kn:ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿಸ್ತಾನ]], [[vo:Lafganistän]]
'''Owganystan''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[af:Afghanistan]]
[[als:Afghanistan]]
[[an:Afganistán]]
[[ar:أفغانستان]]
[[ast:Afganistán]]
[[az:Əfqanıstan]]
[[bg:Афганистан]]
[[bn:আফগানিস্তান]]
[[br:Afghanistan]]
[[bs:Afganistan]]
[[ca:Afganistan]]
[[cs:Afghánistán]]
[[cv:Афганистан]]
[[cy:Afghanistan]]
[[da:Afghanistan]]
[[de:Afghanistan]]
[[dv:އައްފާނިސްތާން]]
[[el:Αφγανιστάν]]
[[en:Afghanistan]]
[[eo:Afganio]]
[[es:Afganistán]]
[[et:Afganistan]]
[[eu:Afganistan]]
[[fa:افغانستان]]
[[fi:Afganistan]]
[[fr:Afghanistan]]
[[fur:Afghanistan]]
[[fy:Afganistan]]
[[ga:An Afganastáin]]
[[gd:Afghanistan]]
[[gl:Afganistán - افغانستان]]
[[gu:અફઘાનિસ્તાન]]
[[he:אפגניסטן]]
[[hi:अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान]]
[[hr:Afganistan]]
[[ht:Afganistan]]
[[hu:Afganisztán]]
[[hy:Աֆղանստան]]
[[ia:Afghanistan]]
[[id:Afganistan]]
[[ilo:Afganistan]]
[[io:Afganistan]]
[[is:Afganistan]]
[[it:Afghanistan]]
[[ja:アフガニスタン]]
[[ka:ავღანეთი]]
[[km:អាហ្វហ្គានីស្តង់]]
[[kn:ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿಸ್ತಾನ]]
[[ko:아프가니스탄]]
[[ku:Efxanistan]]
[[kw:Afghanistan]]
[[la:Afgania]]
[[lb:Afghanistan]]
[[li:Afganistan]]
[[lt:Afganistanas]]
[[lv:Afganistāna]]
[[mk:Авганистан]]
[[ml:അഫ്ഗാനിസ്ഥാന്]]
[[mo:Афганистан]]
[[ms:Afghanistan]]
[[na:Afganistan]]
[[nds:Afghanistan]]
[[nl:Afghanistan]]
[[nn:Afghanistan]]
[[no:Afghanistan]]
[[oc:Afganistan]]
[[os:Афгъанистан]]
[[pam:Afghanistan]]
[[pl:Afganistan]]
[[ps:افغانستان]]
[[pt:Afeganistão]]
[[ro:Afganistan]]
[[ru:Афганистан]]
[[sa:अफगानस्थान]]
[[scn:Afganistàn]]
[[se:Afghanistan]]
[[sh:Afganistan]]
[[simple:Afghanistan]]
[[sk:Afganistan]]
[[sl:Afganistan]]
[[sq:Afganistani]]
[[sr:Авганистан]]
[[sv:Afghanistan]]
[[ta:ஆப்கானிஸ்தான்]]
[[tet:Afeganistaun]]
[[tg:Афғонистон]]
[[th:ประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน]]
[[tl:Afghanistan]]
[[tr:Afganistan]]
[[udm:Афганистан]]
[[ug:ئافغانىستان]]
[[uk:Афганістан]]
[[uz:Afg`oniston]]
[[vi:Afghanistan]]
[[vo:Lafganistän]]
[[zh:阿富汗]]
[[zh-min-nan:Afghanistan]]
Eýran
1645
6152
2006-07-23T23:13:26Z
Adilhan
90
'''Eyran''' Aziya'da [[Türkiye]], [[Äzerbeyjan]], [[Türkmenistan]], [[Owganystan]] ve [[Pakystan]] arasında bulunan bir döwlet. Paytagty [[Tahran]]'dyr.
Gazagystan
1646
7981
2006-11-30T20:31:09Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: gd, ilo, pam, tg, vo Modifying: ast, hi, ku, oc, ug, ur, uz
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Қазақстан Республикасы'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|125px]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Coat of arms of Kazakhstan.gif|100px]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Gazagystan baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Gazagystan gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationKazakhstan.png|right|250px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Astana]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Gazagystança|Gazagystança dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Gazagystan gimni]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 2,717,300 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 14,825,000<br/> 14.5/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Tenge]] (KZT)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +5
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +7
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .kz
|}
'''Gazagystan''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Russiýa]], [[Mongoliýa]], [[Ukraina]] we [[Hytaý]].
{{Türk Döwletler}}
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[an:Kasajstán]]
[[ang:Casacstan]]
[[ar:كازاخستان]]
[[ast:Kazakhistán]]
[[az:Qazaxıstan]]
[[be:Казахстан]]
[[bg:Казахстан]]
[[br:Kazac'hstan]]
[[bs:Kazahstan]]
[[ca:Kazakhstan]]
[[cs:Kazachstán]]
[[cv:Казахстан]]
[[cy:Kazakstan]]
[[da:Kasakhstan]]
[[de:Kasachstan]]
[[el:Καζακστάν]]
[[en:Kazakhstan]]
[[eo:Kazaĥio]]
[[es:Kazajstán]]
[[et:Kasahstan]]
[[eu:Kazakhstan]]
[[fa:قزاقستان]]
[[fi:Kazakstan]]
[[fr:Kazakhstan]]
[[fy:Kazakstan]]
[[ga:An Chasacstáin]]
[[gd:Kazakhstan]]
[[gl:Casaquistán - Қазақстан]]
[[he:קזחסטן]]
[[hi:कस़ाख़िस्तान]]
[[hr:Kazahstan]]
[[ht:Kazakstan]]
[[hu:Kazahsztán]]
[[hy:Ղազախստան]]
[[id:Kazakhstan]]
[[ilo:Kazakstan]]
[[io:Kazakstan]]
[[is:Kasakstan]]
[[it:Kazakistan]]
[[ja:カザフスタン]]
[[ka:ყაზახეთი]]
[[kk:Қазақстан]]
[[ko:카자흐스탄]]
[[ku:Qezexistan]]
[[kw:Pow Kasagh]]
[[ky:Казакстан Республикасы]]
[[la:Casachia]]
[[lb:Kasachstan]]
[[li:Kazachstan]]
[[lt:Kazachija]]
[[lv:Kazahstāna]]
[[mk:Казахстан]]
[[mo:Казахстан]]
[[ms:Kazakhstan]]
[[na:Kazakhstan]]
[[nds:Kasachstan]]
[[nl:Kazachstan]]
[[nn:Kasakhstan]]
[[no:Kasakhstan]]
[[oc:Cazacstan]]
[[os:Хъазахстан]]
[[pam:Kazakhstan]]
[[pl:Kazachstan]]
[[pt:Cazaquistão]]
[[ro:Kazahstan]]
[[ru:Казахстан]]
[[sa:कजाकस्थान]]
[[scn:Kazakistan]]
[[sh:Kazahstan]]
[[simple:Kazakhstan]]
[[sk:Kazachstan]]
[[sl:Kazahstan]]
[[sq:Kazakistani]]
[[sr:Казахстан]]
[[sv:Kazakstan]]
[[te:కజకిస్తాన్]]
[[tg:Қазоқистон]]
[[th:ประเทศคาซัคสถาน]]
[[tl:Kazakhstan]]
[[tr:Kazakistan]]
[[tt:Qazaqstan]]
[[ug:قازاقسىتان]]
[[uk:Казахстан]]
[[ur:قازقستان]]
[[uz:Qozogʻiston]]
[[vi:Kazakhstan]]
[[vo:Kasakistän]]
[[war:Kasahistan]]
[[yi:קאַזאַקסטאַן]]
[[zh:哈萨克斯坦]]
[[zh-min-nan:Kazakhstan]]
Özbegistan
1647
4649
2005-11-19T16:11:51Z
172.136.52.89
#redirect: [[Özbegystan]]
Aziýa
1648
8399
2006-12-22T23:49:39Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Adding: arc, bar, bat-smg, bo, bpy, hsb, lo, ml, ne, nov, pam, pdc, qu, scn, sd, sq, tg, udm, ug, zh-classical Removing: mo Modifying: hi, ka, kn
'''Aziýa''' [[Dünýä|Dünýäda]] bir materik.
[[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|Aziýa Dünýäda bir materik.]]
[[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|Aziýa]]
===Döwletler===
* [[Türkmenistan]]
* [[Äzerbeýjan]]
* [[Belarus]]
* [[Ukraina]]
* [[Eýran]]
* [[Gazagystan]]
* [[Ermenistan]] ([[Armeniýa]])
* [[Hytaý]]
* [[Hindistan]]
* [[Demirgazyk Koreýa]]
* [[Günorta Koreýa]]
* [[Pakystan]]
* [[Rumyniýa]]
* [[Russiýa]]
* [[Özbegystan]]
* [[Yrak]]
* [[Owganystan]]
* [[Ýaponiýa]]
* ...
[[Category:Aziýa]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[Category:Materikler]]
<!-- [[tk:Aziýa]] -->
[[af:Asië]]
[[an:Asia]]
[[ar:آسيا]]
[[arc:ܐܣܝܐ]]
[[ast:Asia]]
[[az:Asiya]]
[[bar:Asien]]
[[bat-smg:Azėjė]]
[[bg:Азия]]
[[bn:এশিয়া]]
[[bo:ཡ་ཀྲོའུ་གླིང་]]
[[bpy:এশিয়া]]
[[br:Azia]]
[[bs:Azija]]
[[ca:Àsia]]
[[ceb:Asya]]
[[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]]
[[cs:Asie]]
[[csb:Azëjô]]
[[cy:Asia]]
[[da:Asien]]
[[de:Asien]]
[[el:Ασία]]
[[en:Asia]]
[[eo:Azio]]
[[es:Asia]]
[[et:Aasia]]
[[eu:Asia]]
[[fa:آسیا]]
[[fi:Aasia]]
[[fo:Asia]]
[[fr:Asie]]
[[frp:Asia]]
[[fy:Aazje]]
[[ga:An Áise]]
[[gl:Asia]]
[[gu:એશિયા]]
[[he:אסיה]]
[[hi:जंबुद्वीप]]
[[hr:Azija]]
[[hsb:Azija]]
[[ht:Azi]]
[[hu:Ázsia]]
[[ia:Asia]]
[[id:Asia]]
[[io:Azia]]
[[is:Asía]]
[[it:Asia]]
[[ja:アジア]]
[[jbo:zdotu'a]]
[[ka:აზია]]
[[kn:ಏಷ್ಯಾ]]
[[ko:아시아]]
[[ku:Asya]]
[[kw:Asi]]
[[la:Asia]]
[[lb:Asien]]
[[li:Azië]]
[[lo:ອາຊີ]]
[[lt:Azija]]
[[lv:Āzija]]
[[mg:Azia]]
[[mk:Азија]]
[[ml:ഏഷ്യ]]
[[ms:Asia]]
[[mt:Asja]]
[[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္]]
[[nds:Asien]]
[[ne:एसिया]]
[[nl:Azië]]
[[nn:Asia]]
[[no:Asia]]
[[nov:Asia]]
[[nrm:Âsie]]
[[oc:Asia]]
[[os:Ази]]
[[pam:Asia]]
[[pdc:Asie]]
[[pl:Azja]]
[[pt:Ásia]]
[[qu:Asiya]]
[[ro:Asia]]
[[ru:Азия]]
[[sa:एशिया]]
[[scn:Asia]]
[[sd:ايشيا]]
[[se:Ásia]]
[[sh:Azija]]
[[si:ආසියාව]]
[[simple:Asia]]
[[sk:Ázia]]
[[sl:Azija]]
[[sq:Azia]]
[[sr:Азија]]
[[su:Asia]]
[[sv:Asien]]
[[sw:Asia]]
[[ta:ஆசியா]]
[[tg:Осиё]]
[[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]]
[[tl:Asya]]
[[tpi:Asia]]
[[tr:Asya]]
[[udm:Азия]]
[[ug:ئاسىيا]]
[[uk:Азія]]
[[vi:Châu Á]]
[[war:Asya]]
[[yi:אזיע]]
[[zh:亚洲]]
[[zh-classical:亞細亞洲]]
[[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]]
[[zh-yue:亞洲]]
Amerika
1649
4517
2005-11-06T01:23:46Z
Ugur Basak
30
'''Amerika''' [[Dünýä|Dünýäda]] bir materik.
Afrika
1650
8382
2006-12-21T11:13:24Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Adding: bat-smg, fur, pdc, pih
'''Afrika''' [[Dünýä|Dünýäda]] bir materik.
[[Image:LocationAfrica.png|thumb|300px|Afrika Dünýäda bir materik.]]
[[Image:Africa satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|300px|Afrika]]
[[Image:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Afrika]]
[[Image:topography_of_africa.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Afrika]]
===Döwletler===
* [[Ghana]]
* [[Günorta Afrika]]
* [[Mali]]
* [[Nigeria]]
[[Category:Afrika]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[Category:Materikler]]
[[af:Afrika]]
[[als:Afrika]]
[[am:አፍሪቃ]]
[[an:Africa]]
[[ang:Africa]]
[[ar:أفريقيا]]
[[arc:ܐܦܪܝܩܐ]]
[[ast:África]]
[[az:Afrika]]
[[bar:Afrika]]
[[bat-smg:Afrėka]]
[[be:Афрыка]]
[[bg:Африка]]
[[bm:Afiriki]]
[[bn:আফ্রিকা]]
[[bo:ཧྥི་ཀྲོའུ་གླིང་]]
[[br:Afrika]]
[[bs:Afrika]]
[[ca:Àfrica]]
[[cs:Afrika]]
[[cy:Affrica]]
[[da:Afrika]]
[[de:Afrika]]
[[el:Αφρική]]
[[en:Africa]]
[[eo:Afriko]]
[[es:África]]
[[et:Aafrika]]
[[eu:Afrika]]
[[fa:افریقا]]
[[ff:Afirik]]
[[fi:Afrikka]]
[[fo:Afrika]]
[[fr:Afrique]]
[[frp:Africa]]
[[fur:Afriche]]
[[fy:Afrika]]
[[ga:An Afraic]]
[[gd:Afraga]]
[[gl:África]]
[[gu:આફ્રિકા]]
[[he:אפריקה]]
[[hi:अफ़्रीका]]
[[hr:Afrika]]
[[ht:Afrik]]
[[hu:Afrika]]
[[ia:Africa]]
[[id:Afrika]]
[[io:Afrika]]
[[is:Afríka]]
[[it:Africa]]
[[ja:アフリカ]]
[[jbo:frikytu'a]]
[[jv:Afrika]]
[[ka:აფრიკა]]
[[kg:Afelika]]
[[kn:ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾ]]
[[ko:아프리카]]
[[ksh:Affrika]]
[[ku:Efrîqa]]
[[kw:Afrika]]
[[la:Africa]]
[[lb:Afrika]]
[[li:Afrika]]
[[lo:ອາຟຣິກກາ]]
[[lt:Afrika]]
[[lv:Āfrika]]
[[mg:Afrika]]
[[mk:Африка]]
[[ms:Afrika]]
[[mt:Afrika]]
[[my:အာဖရိက]]
[[nds:Afrika]]
[[nds-nl:Afrika]]
[[ne:अफ्रीका]]
[[nl:Afrika]]
[[nn:Afrika]]
[[no:Afrika]]
[[nov:Afrika]]
[[nrm:Afrique]]
[[pdc:Afrikaa]]
[[pih:Afreka]]
[[pl:Afryka]]
[[pt:África]]
[[qu:Afrika]]
[[ro:Africa]]
[[ru:Африка]]
[[rw:Afurika]]
[[sa:अफ्रीका]]
[[scn:Àfrica]]
[[se:Afrihkká]]
[[sh:Afrika]]
[[simple:Africa]]
[[sk:Afrika]]
[[sl:Afrika]]
[[sm:Aferika]]
[[so:Afrika]]
[[sq:Afrika]]
[[sr:Африка]]
[[sv:Afrika]]
[[sw:Afrika]]
[[ta:ஆப்பிரிக்கா]]
[[tg:Африқо]]
[[th:ทวีปแอฟริกา]]
[[tl:Aprika]]
[[to:Aferika]]
[[tr:Afrika]]
[[ug:ئافرىقا]]
[[uk:Африка]]
[[vi:Châu Phi]]
[[wa:Afrike]]
[[wo:Afrik]]
[[yi:אפריקע]]
[[zh:非洲]]
[[zh-classical:阿非利加洲]]
[[zh-min-nan:Hui-chiu]]
[[zh-yue:非洲]]
Ýewropa
1651
7892
2006-11-29T14:53:12Z
Ga1taman
128
[[Image:Europe satellite orthographic.jpg|right|450px]]
'''Ýewropa''' [[Dünýä|Dünýäda]] bir materik.
* [[Beýik Britaniýa]]
* [[Belarus]]
* [[Fransiýa]]
* [[Germaniýa]]
* [[Litva]]
* [[Türkiýe]]
* [[Russiýa]]
[[Category:Ýewropa]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[Category:Materikler]]
[[af:Europa]]
[[als:Europa]]
[[an:Europa]]
[[ang:Europa]]
[[ar:أوروبا]]
[[arc:ܝܘܐܪܘܦܐ]]
[[ast:Europa]]
[[ay:Iwrupa]]
[[az:Avropa]]
[[be:Эўропа]]
[[bg:Европа]]
[[bn:ইউরোপ]]
[[bo:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[br:Europa]]
[[bs:Evropa]]
[[ca:Europa]]
[[chr:ᎡᎶᏆ]]
[[co:Europa]]
[[cs:Evropa]]
[[csb:Eùropa]]
[[cv:Европа]]
[[cy:Ewrop]]
[[da:Europa]]
[[de:Europa]]
[[el:Ευρώπη]]
[[en:Europe]]
[[eo:Eŭropo]]
[[es:Europa]]
[[et:Euroopa]]
[[eu:Europa]]
[[fa:اروپا]]
[[fi:Eurooppa]]
[[fo:Evropa]]
[[fr:Europe]]
[[frp:Eropa]]
[[fur:Europe]]
[[fy:Jeropa]]
[[ga:An Eoraip]]
[[gd:An Roinn-Eòrpa]]
[[gl:Europa]]
[[gn:Europa]]
[[gu:યુરોપ]]
[[haw:ʻEulopa]]
[[he:אירופה]]
[[hi:यूरोप]]
[[hr:Europa]]
[[ht:Ewòp]]
[[hu:Európa]]
[[ia:Europa]]
[[id:Eropa]]
[[io:Europa]]
[[is:Evrópa]]
[[it:Europa]]
[[ja:ヨーロッパ]]
[[ka:ევროპა]]
[[kk:Еуропа]]
[[kn:ಯೂರೋಪ್]]
[[ko:유럽]]
[[ksh:Europa (Kontinänt)]]
[[ku:Ewropa]]
[[kw:Europa]]
[[la:Europa]]
[[lb:Europa (Kontinent)]]
[[li:Europa]]
[[lmo:Europa]]
[[lo:ເອີລົບ]]
[[lt:Europa]]
[[lv:Eiropa]]
[[mi:Ūropi]]
[[mk:Европа]]
[[mo:Еуропа]]
[[ms:Eropah]]
[[my:ဥရောပ]]
[[na:Iurop]]
[[nah:Eutlocpan]]
[[nds:Europa]]
[[nds-nl:Europa (continent)]]
[[ne:युरोप]]
[[nl:Europa (continent)]]
[[nn:Europa]]
[[no:Europa]]
[[nrm:Ûrope]]
[[oc:Euròpa]]
[[os:Европæ]]
[[pl:Europa]]
[[pt:Europa]]
[[qu:Iwrupa]]
[[rmy:Europa]]
[[ro:Europa]]
[[roa-rup:Evropa]]
[[ru:Европа]]
[[sc:Europa]]
[[scn:Europa]]
[[sco:Europe]]
[[se:Eurohpá]]
[[sh:Evropa]]
[[simple:Europe]]
[[sk:Európa]]
[[sl:Evropa]]
[[sq:Evropa]]
[[sr:Европа]]
[[st:Europa]]
[[sv:Europa]]
[[sw:Ulaya]]
[[ta:ஐரோப்பா]]
[[tg:Аврупо]]
[[th:ทวีปยุโรป]]
[[tl:Europa]]
[[tpi:Yurop]]
[[tr:Avrupa]]
[[udm:Европа]]
[[ug:ياۋروپا]]
[[uk:Європа]]
[[uz:Yevropa]]
[[vi:Châu Âu]]
[[wa:Urope]]
[[war:Europa]]
[[wo:Óróop]]
[[yi:אייראפע]]
[[zh:欧洲]]
[[zh-min-nan:Au-chiu]]
[[zh-yue:歐洲]]
Özbegystan
1652
7182
2006-10-28T14:38:46Z
Diamond
122
interwiki:el
'''Özbegystan''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
{{Türk Döwletler}}
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[el:Ουζμπεκιστάν]]
Pakystan
1653
4521
2005-11-06T01:25:04Z
Ugur Basak
30
'''Pakystan''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
Hindistan
1654
8334
2006-12-17T22:25:41Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Removing: mo, ru-sib Modifying: ba, bat-smg
'''Hindistan''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[aa:India]]
[[ab:India]]
[[af:Indië]]
[[ak:India]]
[[als:Indien]]
[[am:ህንድ]]
[[an:India]]
[[ang:India]]
[[ar:الهند]]
[[arc:India]]
[[as:ভারত]]
[[ast:India]]
[[av:India]]
[[ay:India]]
[[az:Hindistan]]
[[ba:Һиндостан]]
[[bat-smg:Indėjė]]
[[be:Індыя]]
[[bg:Индия]]
[[bh:भारत]]
[[bi:India]]
[[bm:India]]
[[bn:ভারত]]
[[bo:India]]
[[bpy:ভারত]]
[[br:India]]
[[bs:Indija]]
[[bug:India]]
[[ca:Índia]]
[[cbk-zam:India]]
[[ce:India]]
[[ceb:Indiya]]
[[ch:India]]
[[cho:India]]
[[chr:India]]
[[chy:India]]
[[co:India]]
[[cr:India]]
[[cs:Indie]]
[[csb:Indie]]
[[cv:Инди]]
[[cy:India]]
[[da:Indien]]
[[de:Indien]]
[[diq:Hindıstan]]
[[dv:ހިންދުސްތާން]]
[[dz:India]]
[[ee:India]]
[[el:Ινδία]]
[[en:India]]
[[eo:Barato]]
[[es:India]]
[[et:India]]
[[eu:India]]
[[fa:هند]]
[[fi:Intia]]
[[fiu-vro:India]]
[[fj:India]]
[[fo:India]]
[[fr:Inde]]
[[frp:Ende]]
[[fur:Indie]]
[[fy:Yndia]]
[[ga:An India]]
[[gd:Na h-Innseachan]]
[[gl:India - भारत]]
[[gn:India]]
[[got:𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰]]
[[gu:ભારત]]
[[gv:Yn Injey]]
[[ha:India]]
[[haw:ʻInia]]
[[he:הודו]]
[[hi:भारत]]
[[ho:India]]
[[hr:Indija]]
[[ht:End]]
[[hu:India]]
[[hy:Հնդկաստան]]
[[hz:India]]
[[ia:India]]
[[id:India]]
[[ie:India]]
[[ig:India]]
[[ilo:India]]
[[io:India]]
[[is:Indland]]
[[it:India]]
[[iu:ᐃᓐᑎᐊ]]
[[ja:インド]]
[[jbo:xingu'e]]
[[jv:India]]
[[ka:ინდოეთი]]
[[kg:India]]
[[ki:India]]
[[kj:India]]
[[kk:Үндістан]]
[[km:ឥណ្ឌា]]
[[kn:ಭಾರತ]]
[[ko:인도]]
[[ks:ہِندوستان]]
[[ksh:Inndije]]
[[ku:Hindistan]]
[[kv:India]]
[[kw:Eynda]]
[[ky:India]]
[[la:India]]
[[lb:Indien]]
[[li:India]]
[[lij:India]]
[[lmo:India]]
[[ln:India]]
[[lo:India]]
[[lt:Indija]]
[[lv:Indija]]
[[map-bms:India]]
[[mg:India]]
[[mh:India]]
[[mi:Inia (whenua)]]
[[mk:Индија]]
[[ml:ഇന്ത്യ]]
[[mn:Энэтхэг]]
[[mr:भारत]]
[[ms:India]]
[[mt:Indja]]
[[mus:India]]
[[my:India]]
[[na:India]]
[[nah:Indiyān]]
[[nap:Innia]]
[[nds:Indien]]
[[nds-nl:India]]
[[ne:भारत]]
[[ng:India]]
[[nl:India]]
[[nn:India]]
[[no:India]]
[[nov:India]]
[[nrm:Înde]]
[[nv:India]]
[[ny:India]]
[[oc:Índia]]
[[om:India]]
[[or:ଭାରତ]]
[[os:Инди]]
[[pa:ਭਾਰਤ]]
[[pam:India]]
[[pap:India]]
[[pdc:India]]
[[pi:भारत]]
[[pih:India]]
[[pl:Indie]]
[[pms:India]]
[[ps:هند]]
[[pt:Índia]]
[[qu:Indiya]]
[[rm:India]]
[[rmy:Indiya (Bharat)]]
[[rn:India]]
[[ro:India]]
[[roa-rup:India]]
[[ru:Индия]]
[[sa:भारत]]
[[sc:Ìndia]]
[[scn:Innia]]
[[sco:Indie]]
[[sd:India]]
[[se:India]]
[[sg:India]]
[[sh:Indija]]
[[si:ඉන්දියාව]]
[[simple:India]]
[[sk:India]]
[[sl:Indija]]
[[sm:India]]
[[sn:India]]
[[so:Hindiya]]
[[sq:India]]
[[sr:Индија]]
[[ss:India]]
[[st:India]]
[[su:India]]
[[sv:Indien]]
[[sw:Uhindi]]
[[ta:இந்தியா]]
[[te:భారత దేశము]]
[[tet:Índia]]
[[tg:Ҳиндустон]]
[[th:ประเทศอินเดีย]]
[[ti:India]]
[[tl:India]]
[[to:ʻInitia]]
[[tpi:India]]
[[tr:Hindistan]]
[[ts:India]]
[[tt:Hindstan]]
[[tum:India]]
[[tw:India]]
[[ty:’Inītia]]
[[udm:Индия]]
[[ug:ھىندىستان]]
[[uk:Індія]]
[[ur:بھارت]]
[[uz:Hindiston]]
[[ve:India]]
[[vec:India]]
[[vi:Ấn Độ]]
[[vo:India]]
[[wa:Inde]]
[[war:India]]
[[wo:India]]
[[wuu:印度]]
[[xal:India]]
[[xh:India]]
[[yi:אינדיע]]
[[za:India]]
[[zh:印度]]
[[zh-min-nan:Ìn-tō͘]]
[[zh-yue:印度]]
[[zu:India]]
Äzerbeýjan
1655
7180
2006-10-28T14:35:59Z
Diamond
122
interwiki:el
'''Äzerbeýjan''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
{{Türk Döwletler}}
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[el:Αζερμπαϊτζάν]]
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
1656
6724
2006-09-24T12:31:37Z
Absar
58
Redirecting to [[Türkiýe]]
#REDIRECT [[Türkiýe]]
Rumyniýa
1657
5835
2006-06-24T23:15:06Z
Jose77
82
[[Image:LocationRomania.png|right|450px|]]
'''Rumyniýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Ýewropa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:Romania]]
[[af:Roemenië]]
[[als:Rumänien]]
[[ar:رومانيا]]
[[an:Rumanía]]
[[roa-rup:Românii]]
[[ast:Rumanía]]
[[zh-min-nan:Lô-má-nî-a]]
[[be:Румынія]]
[[bs:Rumunija]]
[[bg:Румъния]]
[[ca:Romania]]
[[cs:Rumunsko]]
[[cy:Romania]]
[[da:Rumænien]]
[[de:Rumänien]]
[[et:Rumeenia]]
[[el:Ρουμανία]]
[[es:Rumania]]
[[eo:Rumanio]]
[[fa:رومانی]]
[[fr:Roumanie]]
[[fy:Roemeenje]]
[[ga:An Rómáin]]
[[gd:Romàinia]]
[[gl:Romanía - România]]
[[ko:루마니아]]
[[hi:रोमानिया]]
[[hr:Rumunjska]]
[[io:Rumania]]
[[id:Rumania]]
[[ia:Romania]]
[[is:Rúmenía]]
[[it:Romania]]
[[he:רומניה]]
[[ka:რუმინეთი]]
[[ks:रोमानिया]]
[[kw:Roumani]]
[[ht:Woumani]]
[[ku:Romanya]]
[[la:Romania]]
[[lv:Rumānija]]
[[lt:Rumunija]]
[[li:Roemenië]]
[[jbo:roMAni,as.]]
[[hu:Románia]]
[[mk:Романија]]
[[mt:Rumanija]]
[[ms:Romania]]
[[mo:România]]
[[na:Romania]]
[[nl:Roemenië]]
[[ja:ルーマニア]]
[[no:Romania]]
[[nn:Romania]]
[[oc:Romania]]
[[ug:رومىنىيە]]
[[nds:Rumänien]]
[[pl:Rumunia]]
[[pt:Roménia]]
[[ro:România]]
[[rmy:Rumuniya]]
[[rm:Rumenia]]
[[ru:Румыния]]
[[sa:रोमानिया]]
[[sq:Rumania]]
[[scn:Rumanìa]]
[[simple:Romania]]
[[sk:Rumunsko]]
[[sl:Romunija]]
[[sr:Румунија]]
[[sh:Rumunija]]
[[fi:Romania]]
[[sv:Rumänien]]
[[tl:Romania]]
[[ta:ருமேனியா]]
[[th:ประเทศโรมาเนีย]]
[[chr:ᎶᎹᏂᏯ]]
[[tr:Romanya]]
[[uk:Румунія]]
[[vo:Romän]]
[[fiu-vro:Romaania]]
[[wa:Roumaneye]]
[[yi:ראמעניע]]
[[zh:羅馬尼亞]]
Beýik Britaniýa
1658
7196
2006-10-28T15:03:40Z
Diamond
122
interwiki:el
[[Image:Satellite image of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in April 2002.jpg|right|350px|]]
'''Beýik Britaniýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Ýewropa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[el:Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο]]
[[en:Great Britain]]
Fransiýa
1659
5803
2006-06-24T22:16:53Z
203.109.218.26
[[Image:France radar.jpg|right|450px|]]
'''Fransiýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Ýewropa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:France]]
[[af:Frankryk]]
[[als:Frankreich]]
[[ang:Francland]]
[[ar:فرنسا]]
[[an:Franzia]]
[[frp:France]]
[[ast:Francia]]
[[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]]
[[be:Францыя]]
[[bs:Francuska]]
[[br:Bro-C'hall]]
[[bg:Франция]]
[[ca:França]]
[[cv:Франци]]
[[cs:Francie]]
[[co:Francia]]
[[cy:Ffrainc]]
[[da:Frankrig]]
[[de:Frankreich]]
[[et:Prantsusmaa]]
[[el:Γαλλία]]
[[es:Francia]]
[[eo:Francio]]
[[eu:Frantzia]]
[[fa:فرانسه]]
[[fr:France]]
[[fy:Frankryk]]
[[ga:An Fhrainc]]
[[gd:An Fhraing]]
[[gl:Francia - France]]
[[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]]
[[ko:프랑스]]
[[hy:Ֆրանսիա]]
[[hi:फ़्राँस]]
[[hr:Francuska]]
[[io:Francia]]
[[id:Perancis]]
[[ilo:Francia]]
[[ia:Francia]]
[[os:Франц]]
[[is:Frakkland]]
[[it:Francia]]
[[he:צרפת]]
[[ka:საფრანგეთი]]
[[ks:फ्रांस]]
[[kw:Pow Frynk]]
[[ht:Frans]]
[[ku:Fransa]]
[[lad:Fransia]]
[[la:Francia]]
[[lv:Francija]]
[[lb:Frankräich]]
[[lt:Prancūzija]]
[[li:Frankriek]]
[[ln:Falansia]]
[[jbo:fasygu'e]]
[[hu:Franciaország]]
[[mk:Франција]]
[[mg:Frantsa]]
[[mr:फ्रांस]]
[[ms:Perancis]]
[[mn:Франц улс]]
[[na:France]]
[[nl:Frankrijk]]
[[nds-nl:Fraankriek]]
[[ja:フランス]]
[[no:Frankrike]]
[[nn:Frankrike]]
[[nrm:France]]
[[oc:França]]
[[ug:فرانسىيە]]
[[ps:فرانسه]]
[[nds:Frankriek]]
[[pl:Francja]]
[[pt:França]]
[[ro:Franţa]]
[[rmy:Franchiya]]
[[rm:Frantscha]]
[[ru:Франция]]
[[sa:फ्रांस]]
[[sc:Frantza]]
[[sco:Fraunce]]
[[st:France]]
[[sq:Franca]]
[[scn:Francia]]
[[simple:France]]
[[sk:Francúzsko]]
[[sl:Francija]]
[[sr:Француска]]
[[fi:Ranska]]
[[sv:Frankrike]]
[[tl:Pransya]]
[[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]]
[[tet:Fransa]]
[[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]]
[[vi:Pháp]]
[[tpi:Pranis]]
[[tr:Fransa]]
[[uk:Франція]]
[[ur:فرانس]]
[[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]]
[[zh:法国]]
[[zh-yue:法國]]
Germaniýa
1660
5811
2006-06-24T22:29:51Z
Jose77
82
[[Image:Deutschland topo.png|right|450px|]]
'''Germaniýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Ýewropa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:Germany]]
[[af:Duitsland]]
[[als:Deutschland]]
[[ang:Þēodiscland]]
[[ar:ألمانيا]]
[[an:Alemaña]]
[[roa-rup:Ghirmânii]]
[[frp:Alemagne]]
[[ast:Alemaña]]
[[gn:Alemaña]]
[[az:Almaniya]]
[[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]]
[[be:Нямеччына]]
[[bs:Njemačka]]
[[br:Alamagn]]
[[bg:Германия]]
[[ca:Alemanya]]
[[cv:Германи]]
[[cs:Německo]]
[[cy:Yr Almaen]]
[[da:Tyskland]]
[[pdc:Deitschland]]
[[de:Deutschland]]
[[et:Saksamaa]]
[[el:Γερμανία]]
[[es:Alemania]]
[[eo:Germanio]]
[[eu:Alemania]]
[[fa:آلمان]]
[[fo:Týskland]]
[[fr:Allemagne]]
[[fy:Dútslân]]
[[fur:Gjermanie]]
[[ga:An Ghearmáin]]
[[gd:A' Ghearmailt]]
[[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]]
[[ko:독일]]
[[hy:Գերմանիա]]
[[hi:जर्मनी]]
[[hr:Njemačka]]
[[io:Germania]]
[[id:Jerman]]
[[ia:Germania]]
[[os:Герман]]
[[is:Þýskaland]]
[[it:Germania]]
[[he:גרמניה]]
[[jv:Jerman]]
[[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]]
[[ka:გერმანია]]
[[kw:Almayn]]
[[sw:Ujerumani]]
[[ku:Almanya]]
[[la:Germania]]
[[lv:Vācija]]
[[lb:Däitschland]]
[[lt:Vokietija]]
[[li:Duutsland]]
[[ln:Alémani]]
[[jbo:dotygu'e]]
[[hu:Németország]]
[[mk:Германија]]
[[mt:Ġermanja]]
[[mi:Tiamana]]
[[mr:जर्मनी]]
[[ms:Jerman]]
[[mo:Ӂермания]]
[[nah:Alemantlan]]
[[na:Germany]]
[[nl:Duitsland]]
[[nds-nl:Duutslaand]]
[[ja:ドイツ]]
[[no:Tyskland]]
[[nn:Tyskland]]
[[nrm:Allemangne]]
[[oc:Alemanha]]
[[ug:گېرمانىيە]]
[[nds:Düütschland]]
[[pl:Niemcy]]
[[pt:Alemanha]]
[[ro:Germania]]
[[rm:Germania]]
[[ru:Германия]]
[[se:Duiska]]
[[sc:Zermània]]
[[st:Tôitšhi]]
[[sq:Gjermania]]
[[scn:Girmania]]
[[simple:Germany]]
[[sk:Nemecko]]
[[sl:Nemčija]]
[[sr:Немачка]]
[[sh:Nemačka]]
[[fi:Saksa]]
[[sv:Tyskland]]
[[tl:Alemanya]]
[[ta:ஜெர்மனி]]
[[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]]
[[vi:Đức]]
[[tpi:Siaman]]
[[tr:Almanya]]
[[uk:Німеччина]]
[[vec:Germania]]
[[vo:Deutän]]
[[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]]
[[yi:דייטשלאנד]]
[[zh-yue:德國]]
[[zh:德国]]
Horwatiýa
1661
4529
2005-11-06T01:26:29Z
Ugur Basak
30
'''Horwatiýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Ýewropa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
Ukraina
1662
4530
2005-11-06T01:26:34Z
Ugur Basak
30
'''Ukraina''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Ýewropa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
Belarus
1663
7207
2006-10-28T17:51:13Z
Redagavimas
123
/* Link */ iw
'''Belarus''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Ýewropa]]'da.
== Link ==
* [[Litva]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[el:Λευκορωσία]]
[[lt:baltarusija]]
Yrak
1664
7197
2006-10-28T15:05:29Z
Diamond
122
interwiki:el
'''Yrak''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[el:Ιράκ]]
Ermenistan
1665
5833
2006-06-24T23:11:36Z
Jose77
82
[[Image:LocationArmenia.png|right|450px|]]
'''Ermenistan''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:Armenia]]
[[af:Armenië]]
[[ar:أرمينيا]]
[[an:Armenia]]
[[ast:Armenia]]
[[az:Ermənistan]]
[[bg:Армения]]
[[zh-min-nan:Hayastan]]
[[be:Армэнія]]
[[bn:আর্মেনিয়া]]
[[bs:Armenija]]
[[ca:Armènia]]
[[cs:Arménie]]
[[cy:Armenia]]
[[da:Armenien]]
[[de:Armenien]]
[[et:Armeenia]]
[[el:Αρμενία]]
[[es:Armenia]]
[[eo:Armenio]]
[[eu:Armenia]]
[[fa:ارمنستان]]
[[fr:Arménie]]
[[fy:Armeenje]]
[[ga:An Airméin]]
[[gl:Armenia - Հայաստան]]
[[ko:아르메니아]]
[[hy:Հայաստան]]
[[hi:आर्मीनिया]]
[[hr:Armenija]]
[[io:Armenia]]
[[id:Armenia]]
[[ia:Armenia]]
[[is:Armenía]]
[[it:Armenia]]
[[he:ארמניה]]
[[ka:სომხეთი]]
[[kk:Армения]]
[[kw:Armeni]]
[[ku:Ermenistan]]
[[la:Armenia]]
[[lv:Armēnija]]
[[lt:Armėnija]]
[[lb:Armenien]]
[[li:Armenië]]
[[hu:Örményország]]
[[ms:Armenia]]
[[mo:Армения]]
[[na:Armenia]]
[[nl:Armenië]]
[[nds:Armenien]]
[[ja:アルメニア]]
[[no:Armenia]]
[[nn:Armenia]]
[[oc:Armenia]]
[[ps:ارمنستان]]
[[pl:Armenia]]
[[pt:Arménia]]
[[ro:Armenia]]
[[ru:Армения]]
[[sa:आर्मीनिया]]
[[sq:Armenia]]
[[sh:Jermenija]]
[[simple:Armenia]]
[[sk:Arménsko]]
[[sl:Armenija]]
[[sr:Јерменија]]
[[fi:Armenia]]
[[sv:Armenien]]
[[tl:Armenia]]
[[th:ประเทศอาร์เมเนีย]]
[[tr:Ermenistan]]
[[ug:ظةرمةن]]
[[uk:Вірменія]]
[[ur:آرمینیا]]
[[vi:Armenia]]
[[yi:אַרמעניע]]
[[zh:亞美尼亞]]
Armeniýa
1666
4534
2005-11-06T01:28:01Z
Ugur Basak
30
#redirect[[Ermenistan]]
Russiýa
1667
8338
2006-12-18T01:53:58Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Adding: am, arc, bn, cu, diq, fur, hsb, kg, kv, nrm, pam, pms, tg, ty, vo, zh-classical, zh-yue Removing: mo Modifying: roa-rup, th, zh-min-nan
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Российская Федерация'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|125px|Russiýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | <!-- [[Image:Russia_coa.svg|100px|Russiýa gerbi]] -->
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Russiýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Russiýa gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:Russia 87.74494E 66.20034N.jpg|right|400px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Moskwa]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Vladimir Putin]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Rusça|Rusça dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Russiýa gimni]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 17,075,200 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 143,202,000<br/> 8.4/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Ruble]] (RUB)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +2
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +7
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .ru
|}
'''Russiýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Ýewropa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Gazagystan]], [[Mongoliýa]], [[Ukraina]] we [[Hytaý]].
[[Category:Russiýa|* ]]
[[af:Rusland]]
[[als:Russland]]
[[am:ሩሲያ]]
[[an:Rusia]]
[[ang:Russland]]
[[ar:روسيا]]
[[arc:ܪܘܣܝܐ]]
[[ast:Rusia]]
[[be:Расея]]
[[bg:Русия]]
[[bn:রাশিয়া]]
[[br:Rusia]]
[[bs:Rusija]]
[[ca:Rússia]]
[[cs:Rusko]]
[[csb:Ruskô]]
[[cu:Рѡсї]]
[[cv:Раççей Патшалăхě]]
[[cy:Ffederasiwn Rwsia]]
[[da:Rusland]]
[[de:Russland]]
[[diq:Rusya]]
[[el:Ρωσία]]
[[en:Russia]]
[[eo:Rusio]]
[[es:Rusia]]
[[et:Venemaa]]
[[eu:Errusia]]
[[fa:روسیه]]
[[fi:Venäjä]]
[[fo:Russland]]
[[fr:Russie]]
[[fur:Russie]]
[[fy:Ruslân]]
[[ga:An Rúis]]
[[gd:An Ruis]]
[[gl:Rusia - Россия]]
[[got:𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳]]
[[he:רוסיה]]
[[hi:रुस]]
[[hr:Rusija]]
[[hsb:Ruska]]
[[ht:Risi]]
[[hu:Oroszország]]
[[hy:Ռուսաստան]]
[[ia:Russia]]
[[id:Rusia]]
[[ie:Russia]]
[[ilo:Russia]]
[[io:Rusia]]
[[is:Rússland]]
[[it:Russia]]
[[iu:ᐅᓛᓴ]]
[[ja:ロシア]]
[[ka:რუსეთი]]
[[kg:Rusia]]
[[kk:Ресей]]
[[ko:러시아]]
[[ks:रूस]]
[[ku:Rûsya]]
[[kv:Россия]]
[[kw:Russi]]
[[ky:Россия]]
[[la:Russia]]
[[lb:Russland]]
[[li:Rösland]]
[[lt:Rusija]]
[[lv:Krievija]]
[[mk:Русија]]
[[mr:रशिया]]
[[ms:Rusia]]
[[na:Russia]]
[[nds:Russland]]
[[nds-nl:Ruslaand]]
[[nl:Rusland]]
[[nn:Russland]]
[[no:Russland]]
[[nrm:Russie]]
[[oc:Russia]]
[[os:Уæрæсе]]
[[pam:Russia]]
[[pdc:Russland]]
[[pl:Rosja]]
[[pms:Russia]]
[[ps:روسيه]]
[[pt:Rússia]]
[[ro:Rusia]]
[[roa-rup:Arusia]]
[[ru:Россия]]
[[scn:Russia]]
[[sco:Roushie]]
[[se:Ruošša]]
[[sh:Rusija]]
[[simple:Russia]]
[[sk:Rusko]]
[[sl:Rusija]]
[[sq:Rusia]]
[[sr:Русија]]
[[su:Rusia]]
[[sv:Ryssland]]
[[ta:ரஷ்யா]]
[[te:రష్యా]]
[[tg:Русия]]
[[th:ประเทศรัสเซีย]]
[[tl:Rusya]]
[[tr:Rusya]]
[[tt:Räsäy]]
[[ty:Rūtia]]
[[udm:Россия]]
[[ug:رۇسىيە]]
[[uk:Росія]]
[[ur:روس]]
[[uz:Rossiya Federatsiyasi]]
[[vi:Nga]]
[[vo:Rusän]]
[[wa:Rûsseye]]
[[xal:Әрәсә]]
[[yi:רוסלאנד]]
[[zh:俄罗斯]]
[[zh-classical:俄羅斯]]
[[zh-min-nan:Lō͘-se-a]]
[[zh-yue:俄羅斯]]
Russiýa Federasiýasy
1668
5866
2006-06-24T23:56:34Z
Jose77
82
Redirecting to [[Russiýa]]
#redirect[[Russiýa]]
Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlary
1669
5812
2006-06-24T22:34:43Z
Jose77
82
[[Image:USA-satellite.jpg|right|470px|]]
'''Amerikanyň Birleşen Ştatlary''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Amerika]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:United States]]
[[af:Verenigde State]]
[[als:USA]]
[[am:አሜሪካ]]
[[ang:Geānlǣht Rīcu American]]
[[ar:ولايات متحدة أمريكية]]
[[an:Estatos Unitos]]
[[frp:Ètats-Unis d’Amèrica]]
[[ast:Estaos Uníos]]
[[az:Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatları]]
[[bn:যুক্তরাষ্ট্র]]
[[zh-min-nan:Bí-kok]]
[[be:Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі]]
[[bs:Sjedinjene Američke Države]]
[[br:Stadoù-Unanet Amerika]]
[[bg:Съединени американски щати]]
[[ca:Estats Units d'Amèrica]]
[[cv:Америкăри Пĕрлешӳллĕ Штатсем]]
[[cs:Spojené státy americké]]
[[za:Meijgoz]]
[[cy:Unol Daleithiau America]]
[[da:USA]]
[[pdc:Amerikaa]]
[[de:Vereinigte Staaten]]
[[dv:އެމެރިކާ]]
[[nv:Wááshindoon bikéyah ałhidadiidzooígíí]]
[[et:Ameerika Ühendriigid]]
[[el:Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής]]
[[es:Estados Unidos de América]]
[[eo:Usono]]
[[eu:Amerikako Estatu Batuak]]
[[fa:ایالات متحده امریکا]]
[[fr:États-Unis d'Amérique]]
[[fy:Feriene Steaten fan Amearika]]
[[ga:Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
[[gd:Na Stàitean Aonaichte]]
[[gl:Estados Unidos de América - United States of America]]
[[gu:સંયુક્ત રાજ્ય અમેરિકા]]
[[ko:미국]]
[[hi:संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]
[[hr:Sjedinjene Američke Države]]
[[io:Usa]]
[[ilo:Estados Unidos iti America]]
[[id:Amerika Serikat]]
[[ia:Statos Unite de America]]
[[iu:ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ]]
[[os:Америкæйы Иугонд Штаттæ]]
[[is:Bandaríkin]]
[[it:Stati Uniti d'America]]
[[he:ארצות הברית]]
[[ka:ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატები]]
[[ks:संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]
[[kw:Statys Unys]]
[[rw:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]]
[[ht:Etazini]]
[[ku:Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê]]
[[la:Civitates Foederatae Americae]]
[[lv:Amerikas Savienotās Valstis]]
[[lb:Vereenegt Staate vun Amerika]]
[[lt:JAV]]
[[li:Vereinegde State van Amerika]]
[[jbo:mergu'e]]
[[hu:Amerikai Egyesült Államok]]
[[mk:Соединети Американски Држави]]
[[ml:യു.എസ്.എ.]]
[[mt:Stati Uniti]]
[[mr:अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने]]
[[ms:Amerika Syarikat]]
[[my:အမေရိကန္ပ္ရည္ေထာင္စု]]
[[nah:Altépetl Osehsepanoaseh Americac]]
[[nl:Verenigde Staten]]
[[ja:アメリカ合衆国]]
[[no:Amerikas forente stater]]
[[nn:USA]]
[[nrm:Êtats Unnis d'Améthique]]
[[oc:Estats Units d'America]]
[[ug:ئامېرىكا قوشما شتاتلىرى]]
[[ps:د امريکا متحده ايالات]]
[[km:សហរដ្ឋ]]
[[nds:USA]]
[[pl:Stany Zjednoczone]]
[[pt:Estados Unidos da América]]
[[ro:Statele Unite ale Americii]]
[[rm:Stadis Unids da l'America]]
[[ru:Соединённые Штаты Америки]]
[[se:Amerihká ovttastuvvan stáhtat]]
[[sa:संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]
[[sco:Unitit States]]
[[sq:Shtetet e Bashkuara]]
[[scn:Stati Uniti]]
[[simple:United States]]
[[sk:Spojené štáty]]
[[sl:Združene države Amerike]]
[[sr:Сједињене Америчке Државе]]
[[sh:Sjedinjene Američke Države]]
[[fi:Yhdysvallat]]
[[sv:USA]]
[[tl:Estados Unidos]]
[[ta:ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க நாடுகள்]]
[[th:สหรัฐอเมริกา]]
[[vi:Hoa Kỳ]]
[[tg:Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико]]
[[tpi:Yunaitet Stets]]
[[chr:ᎠᎺᎢ]]
[[tr:Amerika Birleşik Devletleri]]
[[uk:Сполучені Штати Америки]]
[[ur:ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ]]
[[uz:Amerika Qo`shma Shtatlari]]
[[vec:Stati Unìi d'Amèrica]]
[[wa:Estats Unis]]
[[yi:פאראייניקטע שטאטן פון אמעריקע]]
[[yo:Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà]]
[[zh-yue:美國]]
[[zh:美國]]
Günorta Afrika
1670
5548
2006-04-20T15:14:14Z
CarlKenner
66
Category:Afrika
'''Günorta Afrika''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Afrika]]'da.
[[Category:Afrika]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
Çärjew
1671
4544
2005-11-06T23:10:11Z
Ugur Basak
30
redirect
#redirect[[Türkmenabat]]
Krasnowodsk
1672
4545
2005-11-06T23:10:18Z
Ugur Basak
30
redirect
#redirect[[Türkmenbaşy]]
MediaWiki:Allowemail
1674
sysop
4698
2005-12-02T02:49:31Z
MediaWiki default
Enable e-mail from other users
MediaWiki:Allpagesprefix
1675
sysop
4553
2005-11-09T23:20:43Z
MediaWiki default
Display pages with prefix:
MediaWiki:Categories1
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4555
2005-11-09T23:20:43Z
MediaWiki default
Category
MediaWiki:Confirm purge
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2005-11-09T23:20:43Z
MediaWiki default
Clear the cache of this page?
$1
MediaWiki:Confirm purge button
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OK
MediaWiki:Datedefault
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No preference
MediaWiki:Datetime
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MediaWiki default
Date and time
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MediaWiki default
→
MediaWiki:Download
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MediaWiki default
download
MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation-2
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MediaWiki:Ignorewarnings
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MediaWiki:Importing
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MediaWiki:Importuploaderror
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MediaWiki:Jumpto
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MediaWiki default
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MediaWiki:Jumptonavigation
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MediaWiki default
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MediaWiki:Jumptosearch
1690
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4576
2005-11-09T23:20:44Z
MediaWiki default
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MediaWiki:Mimesearch
1691
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4578
2005-11-09T23:20:44Z
MediaWiki default
MIME search
MediaWiki:Mimetype
1692
sysop
4982
2006-01-01T14:46:57Z
MediaWiki default
MIME type:
MediaWiki:Mostcategories
1693
sysop
4580
2005-11-09T23:20:45Z
MediaWiki default
Articles with the most categories
MediaWiki:Mostimages
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2005-11-09T23:20:45Z
MediaWiki default
Most linked to images
MediaWiki:Mostlinkedcategories
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MediaWiki:Nrevisions
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MediaWiki:Session fail preview
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2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
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Please try again. If it still doesn't work, try logging out and logging back in.</strong>
MediaWiki:Tog-showjumplinks
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2005-11-09T23:20:46Z
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2006-01-01T14:46:58Z
MediaWiki default
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MediaWiki:Unwatchedpages
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MediaWiki:Username
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MediaWiki:Val max topics
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1710
sysop
4621
2005-11-09T23:20:46Z
MediaWiki default
You have no topics defined which can be rated. Go to [[Special:Validate]], and have an administrator run the "Manage" function to add at least one topic and point range.
MediaWiki:Wantedcategories
1711
sysop
4622
2005-11-09T23:20:47Z
MediaWiki default
Wanted categories
MediaWiki:Widthheight
1712
sysop
6100
2006-07-01T19:13:05Z
MediaWiki default
$1×$2
Berdinazar Hudaýnazarow
1716
5674
2006-06-13T03:30:51Z
Parahat
8
<table width="100%">
<tr>
<td valign=top>
== Ömür beýany ==
</td>
<td width="200">
[[Image:Berdinazar_Hudaynazarow.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Türkmenistanyň Halk ýazyjysy Berdinazar Hudaýnazarow]]
<td>
<tr>
</table>
== Eserleri ==
- [[Ynsabyň yzasy (Roman)]] <br>
- [[Gumlular (Roman)]]
Боже, Царя храни
1718
6858
2006-09-27T15:34:44Z
83.102.200.203
{{delete}}
== Боже, Царя храни ==
=== Русский национальный гимн ===
Боже, царя храни!<br>
Сильный, державный,<br>
Царствуй на славу нам,<br>
Царствуй на страх врагам,<br>
Царь православный. <br>
Боже, царя храни!
Боже, Царя храни! <br>
Славному долги дни<br>
Дай на земли!<br>
Гордых смирителю:<br>
Слабых хранителю,<br>
Всех утешителю —<br>
Все ниспошли!
Перводержавную<br>
Русь Православную<br>
Боже, храни!<br>
Царство ей стройное,<br>
В силе спокойное, -<br>
Все ж недостойное,<br>
Прочь отжени!
О, провидение, <br>
Благословение<br>
Нам ниспошли!<br>
К благу стремление,<br>
В счастье смирение,<br>
В скорби терпение<br>
Дай на земли!<br>
[[et:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[ru:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[ka:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[kk:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[lt:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[fi:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[ky:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[uk:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[be:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[hy:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[mo:Боже, Царя храни]]
[[ur:Боже, Царя храни]]
Template:Wikivar
1723
5324
2006-02-19T22:21:34Z
Gangleri
39
from [[en:template:wikivar]]
<center><font id="top" /><span dir="ltr" ><span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:template:wikivar|action=purge}} purge] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}} rev-ID : {{REVISIONID}}] [[b:template:wikivar|b:]] [[commons:template:wikivar|c:]] [[m:template:wikivar|m:]] [[n:template:wikivar|n:]] [[q:template:wikivar|q:]] [[s:template:wikivar|s:]] [http://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/template:wikivar t:] [[<!--- w: --->template:wikivar|w:]] [[wikt:template:wikivar|wikt:]] '''[[special:SiteMatrix#tk|?]]''' – [[special:Version|version]] [[special:Allmessages|all messages]]<br />[http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phase3/languages/Language.php?view=markup $wgMagicWordsEn at CVS Language.php] [[meta:help:Variable|meta:help:Variable]], [[meta:Global variables|meta:Global variables]]</span></span></center>
{| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="80%" valign="top" height="38"
!method a
!method b
!generates
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="common_namespaces" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|↑]] common namespaces [-2 - 15] / used at all <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki]</span> projects [[#bottom|↓]]</span>
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_-2" /><nowiki>{{ns:-2}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Media}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:-2}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_-1" /><nowiki>{{ns:-1}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Special}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:-1}}
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" | <span dir="ltr" ><font id="ns_0" />[[#top|↑]] (Main) – [[MediaWiki:Blanknamespace]] – {{DIRMARK}}<span dir="ltr" >'''{{MediaWiki:Blanknamespace}}'''</span> [[#bottom|↓]]</span>
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_1" /><nowiki>{{ns:1}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Talk}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:1}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_2" /><nowiki>{{ns:2}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:User}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:2}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_3" /><nowiki>{{ns:3}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:User_talk}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:3}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_4" /><nowiki>{{ns:4}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Project}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:4}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_5" /><nowiki>{{ns:5}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Project_talk}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:5}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_6" /><nowiki>{{ns:6}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Image}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:6}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_7" /><nowiki>{{ns:7}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Image_talk}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:7}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_8" /><nowiki>{{ns:8}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:MediaWiki}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:8}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_9" /><nowiki>{{ns:9}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:MediaWiki_talk}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:9}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_10" /><nowiki>{{ns:10}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Template}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:10}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_11" /><nowiki>{{ns:11}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Template_talk}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:11}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_12" /><nowiki>{{ns:12}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Help}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:12}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_13" /><nowiki>{{ns:13}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Help_talk}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:13}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_14" /><nowiki>{{ns:14}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Category}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:14}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_15" /><nowiki>{{ns:15}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Category_talk}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | {{ns:15}}
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="reserved_namespaces" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|↑]] reserved namespaces [[#bottom|↓]]</span>
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_16" /><nowiki>{{ns:16}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:16}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_17" /><nowiki>{{ns:17}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:17}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_98" /><nowiki>{{ns:98}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:98}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_99" /><nowiki>{{ns:99}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:99}}
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="custom_namespaces" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|↑]] custom namespaces [[#bottom|↓]]</span>
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_100" /><nowiki>{{ns:100}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:100}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_101" /><nowiki>{{ns:101}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:101}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_102" /><nowiki>{{ns:102}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:102}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_103" /><nowiki>{{ns:103}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:103}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_104" /><nowiki>{{ns:104}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:104}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_105" /><nowiki>{{ns:105}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:105}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_106" /><nowiki>{{ns:106}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:106}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_107" /><nowiki>{{ns:107}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:107}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_121" /><nowiki>{{ns:121}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:121}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_122" /><nowiki>{{ns:122}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:122}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_127" /><nowiki>{{ns:127}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:127}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_128" /><nowiki>{{ns:128}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:128}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_2147483646" /><nowiki>{{ns:2147483646}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:2147483646}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_2147483647" /><nowiki>{{ns:2147483647}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:2147483647}}
<!---
|-
| align="center" | <font id="ns_2147483648" /><nowiki>{{ns:2147483648}}</nowiki>
|| || align="center" | {{ns:2147483648}}
--->
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="variables" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|↑]] variables [[#bottom|↓]]</span>
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTDAY" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTDAY}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTDAY}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTDAY2" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTDAY2}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTDAY2}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTDAYNAME" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTDAYNAME}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTDOW" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTDOW}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTDOW}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTMONTH" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTH}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTMONTH}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTMONTHABBREV" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTMONTHNAME" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTTIME" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTTIME}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTTIME}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTWEEK" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTWEEK}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTWEEK}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="CURRENTYEAR" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{CURRENTYEAR}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="FULLPAGENAME" /><nowiki>{{FULLPAGENAME}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{FULLPAGENAME}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="FULLPAGENAMEE" /><nowiki>{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | <span dir="ltr" >{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</span> <sup><small>[[#1|1]]</small></sup>‎
|-
| align="center" | <font id="NAMESPACE" /><nowiki>{{NAMESPACE}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{NAMESPACE}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="NAMESPACEE" /><nowiki>{{NAMESPACEE}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | <span dir="ltr" >{{NAMESPACEE}}</span> <sup><small>[[#1|1]]</small></sup>‎
|-
| align="center" | <font id="NUMBEROFARTICLES" /><nowiki>{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="NUMBEROFFILES" /><nowiki>{{NUMBEROFFILES}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{NUMBEROFFILES}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="PAGENAME" /><nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{PAGENAME}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="PAGENAMEE" /><nowiki>{{PAGENAMEE}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | <span dir="ltr" >{{PAGENAMEE}}</span> <sup><small>[[#1|1]]</small></sup>‎
|-
| align="center" | <font id="SCRIPTPATH" /><nowiki>{{SCRIPTPATH}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | <span dir="ltr" >{{SCRIPTPATH}}</span> <sup><small>[[#1|1]]</small></sup>‎
|-
| align="center" | <font id="SERVER" /><nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{SERVER}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="SERVERNAME" /><nowiki>{{SERVERNAME}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{SERVERNAME}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="SITENAME" /><nowiki>{{SITENAME}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{SITENAME}}
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="predefined_templates" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|↑]] predefined templates [[#bottom|↓]]</span>
|-
| align="center" | <font id="FULLURL" /><nowiki>{{FULLURL:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="FULLURLE" /><nowiki>{{FULLURLE:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="GRAMMAR" /><nowiki>{{GRAMMAR:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" | <span dir="ltr" ><span class="plainlinks">[[template:wikivar/GRAMMAR|GRAMMAR]] [http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phase3/ CVS] [http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phase3/languages/ /languages/]</span></span>
|-
| align="center" | <font id="INT" /><nowiki>{{INT:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="LC" /><nowiki>{{LC:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="LCFIRST" /><nowiki>{{LCFIRST:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="LOCALURL" /><nowiki>{{LOCALURL:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="LOCALURLE" /><nowiki>{{LOCALURLE:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="MSG" /><nowiki>{{MSG:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="MSGNW" /><nowiki>{{MSGNW:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="NS" /><nowiki>{{NS:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="PLURAL" /><nowiki>{{PLURAL:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="REVISIONID" /><nowiki>{{REVISIONID:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | '''<nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki>'''
| align="center" colspan="2" | {{REVISIONID}}
|-
| align="center" | <font id="SUBST" /><nowiki>{{SUBST:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="UC" /><nowiki>{{UC:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| align="center" | <font id="UCFIRST" /><nowiki>{{UCFIRST:}}</nowiki>
| align="center" colspan="2" |
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="1" /><span dir="ltr" ><sup><small>[[#1|1]]</small></sup> this documentation displays this value [[w:en:LTR|LTR]] (left to right)</span>
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="index" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|↑]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[#common namespaces|common]] [[#reserved_namespaces|reserved]] [[#custom namespaces|custom]] '''namespaces''' <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[#variables|variables]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[#predefined templates|predefined templates]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[#bottom|↓]]</span>
|}<font id="bottom" />
Prezident
1724
4662
2005-11-28T03:49:04Z
Krol
40
'''''President''' is the best authority in a [[Republic]].''
Respublika
1725
4953
2005-12-30T01:28:52Z
Ugur Basak
30
not Turkmen
Paýtagt
1726
4951
2005-12-30T01:28:13Z
Ugur Basak
30
Gimn
1727
4667
2005-11-28T03:55:08Z
Krol
40
''A '''national anthem''' is a generally patriotic musical composition that is formally recognized by a country's [[government]] as their state's official national song.''
MediaWiki:Badsig
1729
sysop
4671
2005-11-29T21:39:03Z
MediaWiki default
Invalid raw signature; check HTML tags.
MediaWiki:Exif-exposuretime-format
1730
sysop
4674
2005-11-29T21:39:04Z
MediaWiki default
$1 sec ($2)
MediaWiki:Exif-fnumber-format
1731
sysop
4675
2005-11-29T21:39:04Z
MediaWiki default
f/$1
MediaWiki:Exif-focallength-format
1732
sysop
4676
2005-11-29T21:39:04Z
MediaWiki default
$1 mm
MediaWiki:Metadata-collapse
1733
sysop
4679
2005-11-29T21:39:05Z
MediaWiki default
Hide extended details
MediaWiki:Metadata-expand
1734
sysop
4680
2005-11-29T21:39:05Z
MediaWiki default
Show extended details
MediaWiki:Metadata-fields
1735
sysop
4681
2005-11-29T21:39:05Z
MediaWiki default
EXIF metadata fields listed in this message will
be included on image page display when the metadata table
is collapsed. Others will be hidden by default.
* make
* model
* datetimeoriginal
* exposuretime
* fnumber
* focallength
MediaWiki:Metadata-help
1736
sysop
4682
2005-11-29T21:39:05Z
MediaWiki default
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified image.
MediaWiki:Privacy
1737
sysop
4684
2005-11-29T21:39:06Z
MediaWiki default
Privacy policy
MediaWiki:Privacypage
1738
sysop
4685
2005-11-29T21:39:06Z
MediaWiki default
Project:Privacy_policy
MediaWiki:Gotaccount
1739
sysop
5973
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
Already have an account? $1.
MediaWiki:Gotaccountlink
1740
sysop
4712
2005-12-02T02:49:32Z
MediaWiki default
Log in
MediaWiki:Nologin
1741
sysop
4720
2005-12-02T02:49:34Z
MediaWiki default
Don't have a login? $1.
MediaWiki:Nologinlink
1742
sysop
4721
2005-12-02T02:49:34Z
MediaWiki default
Create an account
MediaWiki:Signupend
1743
sysop
4726
2005-12-02T02:49:34Z
MediaWiki default
{{int:loginend}}
MediaWiki:Wrongpasswordempty
1744
sysop
4744
2005-12-02T02:49:36Z
MediaWiki default
Password entered was blank. Please try again.
MediaWiki:Edittools
1746
sysop
4753
2005-12-02T04:21:27Z
MediaWiki default
<!-- Text here will be shown below edit and upload forms. -->
Garaşsyz, Bitarap,Türkmenistanyň döwlet gimni
1747
4955
2005-12-30T01:31:22Z
Ugur Basak
30
redirect
#redirect[[Türkmenistanyň gimni]]
Baýdak
1753
5092
2006-01-18T01:50:47Z
Ugur Basak
30
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/211.43.64.113|211.43.64.113]] to last version by [[Special:Contributions/Ugur Basak|Ugur Basak]]
Balkan
1755
7377
2006-11-18T14:23:59Z
Ga1taman
128
Redirecting to [[Balkan welaýaty]]
#REDIRECT [[Balkan welaýaty]]
Wikipedia:Copyrights
1756
5097
2006-01-18T01:50:57Z
Ugur Basak
30
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/211.51.27.38|211.51.27.38]] to last version by [[Special:Contributions/Ugur Basak|Ugur Basak]]
1928
1759
5098
2006-01-18T01:50:59Z
Ugur Basak
30
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/200.69.177.214|200.69.177.214]] to last version by [[Special:Contributions/Ugur Basak|Ugur Basak]]
Wikipedia:Site support
1760
6549
2006-09-09T22:54:47Z
213.65.231.73
Jag heter Bertil, bara så ni vet. :)
Wikipedia:Content disclaimer
1762
6546
2006-09-09T00:24:27Z
83.24.32.63
Şäherler
1763
5087
2006-01-18T01:50:22Z
Ugur Basak
30
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/61.40.96.200|61.40.96.200]] to last version by [[Special:Contributions/Ugur Basak|Ugur Basak]]
Türkmenistanyň baýdagy
1764
5091
2006-01-18T01:50:44Z
Ugur Basak
30
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/140.134.6.32|140.134.6.32]] to last version by [[Special:Contributions/Ugur Basak|Ugur Basak]]
Döwletmämmet Azady
1767
5101
2006-01-18T01:51:03Z
Ugur Basak
30
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/211.171.63.130|211.171.63.130]] to last version by [[Special:Contributions/Miaow Miaow|Miaow Miaow]]
APA style
1768
5100
2006-01-18T01:51:02Z
Ugur Basak
30
Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/200.25.144.38|200.25.144.38]] to last version by [[Special:Contributions/Ugur Basak|Ugur Basak]]
Template:User en-2
1769
6133
2006-07-12T19:20:01Z
Memty
43
<div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''en-2'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User en-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.
|}</div>[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]
Template:User en-1
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<div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;white-space:nowrap" | '''en-1'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | This user is able to contribute with a '''[[:Category:User en-1|basic]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''.[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}</div>
Category:User en-2
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[[Category:User en]]
Category:User en-1
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[[Category:User en]]
Image:Istanbul Levent1.jpg
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Istanbul
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[[Image:Istanbul Levent1.jpg|thumb|right|Levent, İstanbul]]
[[Image:Bogazistanbul.jpg|thumb|right|İstanbul Boğazı]]
'''İstanbul(Stambul)''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin in uly şäheri.<br>
Hem Aziýa'da hem Ýewropa'dadır.
Ilaty 12.000.000 dyr.
[[Image:Sultanahmetcami.jpg|385px]]
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
[[an:Istambul]]
[[ar:إسطنبول]]
[[az:Istanbul]]
[[bg:Истанбул]]
[[br:Kergustentin]]
[[bs:Istanbul]]
[[ca:Istanbul]]
[[cs:Istanbul]]
[[cy:Istanbul]]
[[da:Istanbul]]
[[de:Istanbul]]
[[el:Κωνσταντινούπολη]]
[[en:Istanbul]]
[[eo:Istanbulo]]
[[es:Estambul]]
[[et:İstanbul]]
[[fa:استانبول]]
[[fi:Istanbul]]
[[fr:Istanbul]]
[[gl:Istambul - İstanbul]]
[[he:איסטנבול]]
[[hi:इस्तांबुल]]
[[hr:Istanbul]]
[[hu:Isztambul]]
[[ia:Istanbul]]
[[id:Istanbul]]
[[io:Konstantinopolo]]
[[it:Istanbul]]
[[ja:イスタンブル]]
[[jv:Istanbul]]
[[ko:이스탄불]]
[[ku:Stenbol]]
[[la:Constantinopolis]]
[[mk:Истанбул]]
[[nl:Istanbul]]
[[nn:Konstantinopel]]
[[no:Istanbul]]
[[os:Стамбул]]
[[pl:Stambuł]]
[[pt:Istambul]]
[[ro:Istanbul]]
[[ru:Стамбул]]
[[simple:Istanbul]]
[[sk:Konštantínopol]]
[[sl:Istanbul]]
[[sr:Истанбул]]
[[sv:Istanbul]]
[[tr:İstanbul (şehir)]]
[[uk:Стамбул]]
[[zh:伊斯坦堡]]
İstanbul
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#redirect[[Istanbul]]
Image:Turkish flag.png
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Türkiye
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Redirecting to [[Türkiýe Jumhuriyäti]]
#redirect[[Türkiýe Jumhuriyäti]]
Turkey
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#redirect[[Türkiýe]]
İstiklâl Marşı
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bot Eklendi: bs
<h2>'''Türkiýe Gimni'''</h2>
Korkma, sönmez bu şafaklarda yüzen al sancak;<br>
Sönmeden yurdumun üstünde tüten en son ocak.<br>
O benim milletimin yıldızıdır, parlayacak;<br>
O benimdir, o benim milletimindir ancak.
Çatma, kurban olayım, çehreni ey nazlı hilal! <br>
Kahraman ırkıma bir gül! Ne bu şiddet, bu celâl? <br>
Sana olmaz dökülen kanlarımız sonra helâl... <br>
Hakkıdır, Hakk'a tapan, milletimin istiklâl!
Ben ezelden beridir hür yaşadım, hür yaşarım.<br>
Hangi çılgın bana zincir vuracakmış? Şaşarım!<br>
Kükremiş sel gibiyim, bendimi çiğner, aşarım.<br>
Yırtarım dağları, enginlere sığmam, taşarım.
Garbın âfakını sarmışsa çelik zırhlı duvar, <br>
Benim iman dolu göğsüm gibi serhaddım var. <br>
Ulusun, korkma! Nasıl böyle bir imanı boğar, <br>
'Medeniyet!' dediğin tek dişi kalmış canavar?
Arkadaş! Yurduma alçakları uğratma, sakın.<br>
Siper et gövdeni, dursun bu hayasızca akın.<br>
Doğacaktır sana va'dettiği günler hakk'ın...<br>
Kim bilir, belki yarın, belki yarından da yakın.
Bastığın yerleri 'toprak!' diyerek geçme, tanı:<br>
Düşün altında binlerce kefensiz yatanı. <br>
Sen şehit oğlusun, incitme, yazıktır, atanı: <br>
Verme, dünyaları alsan da, bu cennet vatanı.
Kim bu cennet vatanın uğruna olmaz ki feda?<br>
Şuhedâ fışkıracak toprağı sıksan, şuheda!<br>
Cânı, cânânı, bütün varımı alsın da hüda,<br>
Etmesin tek vatanımdan beni dünyada cüda.
Ruhumun senden, ilâhi, şudur ancak emeli: <br>
Değmesin mâbedimin göğsüne namahrem eli. <br>
Bu ezanlar-ki şahadetleri dinin temeli, <br>
Ebedi yurdumun üstünde benim inlemeli.
O zaman vecd ile bin secde eder -varsa- taşım,<br>
Her cerihamdan, ilâhi, boşanıp kanlı yaşım,<br>
Fışkırır ruh-i mücerred gibi yerden nâ'şım;<br>
O zaman yükselerek arşa değer belki başım.
Dalgalan sen de şafaklar gibi ey şanlı hilâl! <br>
Olsun artık dökülen kanlarımın hepsi helâl. <br>
Ebediyen sana yok, ırkıma yok izmihlâl: <br>
Hakkıdır, hür yaşamış, bayrağımın hürriyet; <br>
Hakkıdır, Hakk'a tapan, milletimin istiklâl!
[[Mehmet Akif Ersoy]]
<!-- interwiki -->
[[az:İstiqlal Marşı]]
[[bg:Химн на Турция]]
[[bs:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[cs:Turecká hymna]]
[[de:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[en:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[es:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[fi:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[fr:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[hr:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[hu:Török himnusz]]
[[id:Istiklâl Marsi]]
[[ja:独立行進曲]]
[[ko:터키의 국가]]
[[lv:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[nl:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[nn:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[no:Istiklâl Marsi]]
[[pl:Hymn Turcji]]
[[pt:Hino nacional da Turquia]]
[[sq:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[sr:Химна Турске]]
[[sv:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[tr:Türkiye Ulusal Marşı]]
[[tt:İstiklâl Marşı]]
[[vi:Istiklâl Marsi]]
İstiklal Marşı
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#redirect[[İstiklâl Marşı]]
Image:Karsiyaka.gif
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Image:Izmir clock tower.jpg
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İzmir
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85.103.141.207
[[Image:800px-Izmir_republic_square.jpg|thumb|right|Cumhuriyet Meydanı, İzmir]]
[[Image:Kordon05.jpg|thumb|right|Kordon, İzmir]]
[[Image:800px-Izmir Street 2.jpg|thumb|right|Alsancak, İzmir]]
[[Image:Izmir clock tower.jpg|thumb|right|Konak, İzmir]]
[[Image:Karsiyaka.gif|thumb|right|Karşıyaka, İzmir]]
'''İzmir''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin 3. büyük şehri.
== Links ==
* [http://www.turkudostlari.net/search.asp?b=49&x=2 İzmir Türküleri]
{{Türkiýe'nin şehirleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
[[ar:إزمير]]
[[bg:Измир]]
[[cs:İzmir]]
[[cv:Измир]]
[[de:İzmir]]
[[el:Σμύρνη]]
[[en:İzmir]]
[[eo:Izmiro]]
[[es:Esmirna]]
[[fr:İzmir]]
[[he:איזמיר]]
[[id:Izmir]]
[[it:Smirne]]
[[ja:イズミル]]
[[nl:İzmir]]
[[pl:Izmir]]
[[pt:Esmirna]]
[[sv:İzmir]]
[[tr:İzmir]]
[[uz:Izmir]]
[[zh:伊兹密尔]]
Izmir
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[[Izmir]] moved to [[İzmir]]
#REDIRECT [[İzmir]]
Image:Bogazistanbul.jpg
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Image:Sultanahmetcami.jpg
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2005-12-18T20:09:18Z
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MediaWiki:Logempty
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MediaWiki default
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MediaWiki:Newmessagesdifflink
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2006-10-25T20:38:41Z
MediaWiki default
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last change
MediaWiki:Nocreatetext
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MediaWiki default
This site has restricted the ability to create new pages.
You can go back and edit an existing page, or [[Special:Userlogin|log in or create an account]].
MediaWiki:Nocreatetitle
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MediaWiki default
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MediaWiki:Protect-default
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MediaWiki default
(default)
MediaWiki:Protect-level-autoconfirmed
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MediaWiki default
Block unregistered users
MediaWiki:Protect-level-sysop
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MediaWiki default
Sysops only
MediaWiki:Protect-text
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MediaWiki default
You may view and change the protection level here for the page <strong>$1</strong>.
MediaWiki:Protect-unchain
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MediaWiki default
Unlock move permissions
MediaWiki:Protect-viewtext
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2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Your account does not have permission to change
page protection levels. Here are the current settings for the page <strong>$1</strong>:
MediaWiki:Youhavenewmessages
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2005-12-22T07:45:15Z
MediaWiki default
You have $1 ($2).
MediaWiki:Imagelistforuser
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2006-01-01T14:46:56Z
MediaWiki default
This shows only images uploaded by $1.
MediaWiki:Istemplate
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MediaWiki default
inclusion
Gökdepe Söweşi
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Ugur Basak
30
'''Gökdepe Söweşi'''
Orus imperiýasy [[1879]]-nji ýyldaky Türkmen Teke taýpasyndan ýeñilgini utanç hasaplaýar, Türk-Orus söwşlerinde at gazanan general Skobeleve, has güýçli goşyn bilen Türkmenistana täze ekspedisiýa guramasy tabşyrylýar. Birinji söweşde epesli adam ýitiren tekeler, oruslaryñ täze eskpedisiýasyna daýanyp bilmeýär we Gökdepe galasynda uruşy dowam etdirýär. Iñ soñynda gala ýykylýar we müñlerçe teke türkmeni öldürilýär.
Not. Skobelev bir hatynda, "Tekeler ýer kartasynda bir gara nokat, we o gara nokat pozylmaly" diýen sözleri barmyş. Generalyñ türkleri yigrenedigini, şo sebäpden hem Gökdepede müñlerçe günasyz ynsanyñ öldürilendigini hem aýdýarlar.
Gökdepe
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[[Gökdepe]] moved to [[Gökdepe Söweşi]]
#REDIRECT [[Gökdepe Söweşi]]
Template:DIRMARK
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Gangleri
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please protect this page against moves and edits - please read [[commons:Template talk:DIRMARK]] - [[user:Gangleri|]]
‎
Www.turkmence.com
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193.249.114.40
blanking - spam
Category:User az
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robot Adding: [[fi:Luokka:User az]], [[sq:Category:User az]], [[tl:Category:User az]]
[[Category: Kullanıcı dilleri]]
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Template:User az-1
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Template:User az-3
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Category:User az-N
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[[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur az-3]]
[[kk:Category:User az-3]]
[[ko:분류:사용자 az-3]]
[[ky:Category:User az-3]]
[[lad:Category:User az-3]]
[[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker az-3]]
[[pl:Kategoria:User az-3]]
[[pt:Categoria:Usuário az-3]]
[[ru:Категория:User az-3]]
[[sq:Category:User az-3]]
[[tr:Kategori:User az-3]]
[[tt:Törkem:Äğzä az-3]]
[[ug:Category:User az-3]]
[[uz:Category:User az-3]]
[[zh:Category:Az-3 使用者]]
Category:User az-4
1829
7070
2006-10-20T21:52:22Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[fi:Luokka:User az-4]], [[sq:Category:User az-4]]
[[Category: User az]]
[[az:Kateqoriya:User az-4]]
[[bg:Категория:Потребител az-4]]
[[cs:Kategorie:User az-4]]
[[cv:Категори:User az-4]]
[[de:Kategorie:User az-4]]
[[en:Category:User az-4]]
[[eu:Kategoria:Azerbaijanera aditu maila]]
[[fa:رده:User az-4]]
[[fi:Luokka:User az-4]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur az-4]]
[[kk:Category:User az-4]]
[[ky:Category:User az-4]]
[[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker az-4]]
[[pl:Kategoria:User az-4]]
[[pt:Categoria:Usuário az-4]]
[[ru:Категория:User az-4]]
[[sq:Category:User az-4]]
[[tr:Kategori:User az-4]]
[[tt:Törkem:Äğzä az-4]]
[[ug:Category:User az-4]]
[[uz:Category:User az-4]]
[[zh:Category:Az-4 使用者]]
Template:Babel-4
1830
5138
2006-01-19T23:36:08Z
Memty
43
{| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center; background-color:#FFFFFF"
|-
| '''[[Vikipediya:Babil]]'''
|-
| {{User {{{1}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{2}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{3}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{4}}}}}
|-
|}
Template:Babel-5
1831
5139
2006-01-19T23:36:37Z
Memty
43
{| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center; background-color:#FFFFFF"
|-
| '''[[Vikipediya:Babil]]'''
|-
| {{User {{{1}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{2}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{3}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{4}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{5}}}}}
|-
|}
Template:Babel-2
1832
5140
2006-01-19T23:37:07Z
Memty
43
{| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center; background-color:#FFFFFF"
|-
| '''[[Vikipediya:Babil]]'''
|-
| {{User {{{1}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{2}}}}}
|-
|}
Template:Babel-6
1833
5141
2006-01-19T23:37:41Z
Memty
43
{| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center; background-color:#FFFFFF"
|-
| '''[[Vikipediya:Babil]]'''
|-
| {{User {{{1}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{2}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{3}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{4}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{5}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{6}}}}}
|-
|}
Category:Wikipedia
1834
5150
2006-01-20T00:18:08Z
Memty
43
Wikipedia
Türkiýe Jumhuriyäti
1835
8397
2006-12-22T20:57:47Z
85.97.32.31
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Türkiýe Jumhuriyäti'''<br/>'''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|-
| align=center width="120px"| [[Image:Turkish_flag.png|125px|Türk Bayrağı]]
|-
| align=center width="120px"| ([[Türk Bayrağı|Bayrak]])
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationTurkey.png]]
|-
| '''[[Başkent]]'''
| [[Ankara]]
|-
| '''[[Cumhurbaşkanı]]'''
| [[Ahmet Necdet Sezer]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Türkçe]]
|-
| '''[[Milli Marş]]'''
| [[İstiklâl Marşı]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 780 580 km²
|-
| '''[[Nüfusu]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 69 660 559<br/> 86,2/km²
|-
| '''[[Milli Bayram]]'''
| [[29 Ekim]], [[1923]]
|-
| '''[[Para Birimi]]'''
| [[YTL]] ([[Yeni Türk Lirası]])
|-
| '''[[Saat Dilimi]]'''
| [[UTC]] +2
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| 90
|-
| '''[[İnternet Uzantısı]]'''
| .tr
|}
'''Türkiýe Jumhuriyäti''' ([[Türkçe]]:''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti''), bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Türkiye Türkleri'nin kökleri Türkmenistan'a dayanır.
* [http://www.turkudostlari.net Turkish Folk Music]
==Şehirleri==
[[Adana]] | [[Adıyaman]] | [[Afyonkarahisar]] | [[Ağrı]] | [[Aksaray]] | [[Amasya]] | [[Ankara]] | [[Antalya]] | [[Ardahan]] | [[Artvin]] | [[Aydın]] | [[Balıkesir]] | [[Bartın]] | [[Batman]]| [[Bayburt]] | [[Bilecik]] | [[Bingöl]] | [[Bitlis]] | [[Bolu]] | [[Burdur]] | [[Bursa]] | [[Çanakkale]] | [[Çankırı]] | [[Çorum]] | [[Denizli]] | [[Diyarbakır]] | [[Düzce]]| [[Edirne]] | [[Elazığ]] | [[Erzincan]] | [[Erzurum]] | [[Eskişehir]] | [[Gaziantep]] | [[Giresun]] | [[Gümüşhane]] | [[Hakkari]] | [[Hatay]] | [[Iğdır]] | [[Isparta]] | [[İstanbul]] | [[İzmir]] | [[Kahramanmaraş]] | [[Karabük]] | [[Karaman]] | [[Kars]] | [[Kastamonu]] | [[Kayseri]] | [[Kırıkkale]] | [[Kırklareli]] | [[Kırşehir]] | [[Kilis]] | [[Kocaeli]] | [[Konya]] | [[Kütahya]] | [[Malatya]] | [[Manisa]] | [[Mardin]] | [[Mersin]] | [[Muğla]] | [[Muş]] | [[Nevşehir]] | [[Niğde]] | [[Ordu]] | [[Osmaniye]] | [[Rize]] | [[Sakarya]] | [[Samsun]] | [[Siirt]] | [[Sinop]] | [[Sivas]] | [[Şırnak]] | [[Tekirdağ]] | [[Tokat]] | [[Trabzon]] | [[Tunceli]] | [[Şanlıurfa]] | [[Uşak]] | [[Van]] | [[Yalova]] | [[Yozgat]] | [[Zonguldak]]
{{Türk Döwletler}}
<gallery>
Image:Ankaracenter.jpg|Ankara, the capital city of [[Turkey]]
Image:Ankarafromabove.jpg|Ankara from above
Image:Kiz_kulesi_at_night-2004.jpg|Maiden's Tower, Bosphorous
Image:413252 4345.jpg|Railway in Beyoğlu, Istanbul
Image:60960175yfedKy ph.jpg|Skyscraper in Levent, Istanbul
Image:30043366jOjqBsTAXT ph.jpg|Istiklal Avenue,Istanbul
Image:Izmir coast.jpg|[[Izmir]]'s coast
Image:Turkish folk.jpg|Turkish Folklore
Image:Selimiye Camii.jpg|Selimiye Camii, Edirne
Image:240774807TYycPB ph.jpg|Sultanahmet Mosque
Image:Whirling Dervishes, Konya, Turkey, RMO.jpg|Whirling Sufi Dervishes
Image:Alanya Turkey.JPG|Alanya
Image:Pamukkale00.JPG|Pamukkale
Image:Peri_Bacaları-Ürgüp.jpg|Peri Bacaları (''Cappadocia'')
Image:Manavgat waterfall by tomgensler.JPG|Manavgat Waterfall
</gallery>
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
[[an:Turquía]]
[[ar:تركيا]]
[[arc:ܬܘܪܟܝܐ]]
[[ast:Turquía]]
[[az:Türkiyə Respublikası]]
[[be:Турцыя]]
[[bg:Турция]]
[[br:Turkia]]
[[bs:Turska]]
[[ca:Turquia]]
[[cs:Turecko]]
[[cv:Турци]]
[[cy:Twrci]]
[[da:Tyrkiet]]
[[de:Türkei]]
[[diq:Tırkiya]]
[[el:Τουρκία]]
[[en:Turkey]]
[[eo:Turkio]]
[[es:Turquía]]
[[et:Türgi]]
[[eu:Turkia]]
[[fa:ترکیه]]
[[fi:Turkki]]
[[fr:Turquie]]
[[fy:Turkije]]
[[ga:An Tuirc]]
[[gd:An Tuirc]]
[[gl:Turquía - Türkiye]]
[[he:תורכיה]]
[[hi:तुर्की]]
[[hr:Turska]]
[[hu:Törökország]]
[[hy:Թուրքիա]]
[[ia:Turchia]]
[[id:Turki]]
[[io:Turkia]]
[[is:Tyrkland]]
[[it:Turchia]]
[[ja:トルコ]]
[[ka:თურქეთი]]
[[kk:Түркия]]
[[kl:Tyrk Nunaat]]
[[ko:터키]]
[[ks:तुर्किये]]
[[ku:Komara Tirkiyê]]
[[kw:Turki]]
[[la:Turcia]]
[[lb:Tierkei]]
[[li:Törkieë]]
[[lt:Turkija]]
[[lv:Turcija]]
[[mk:Турција]]
[[ms:Turki]]
[[nds:Törkie]]
[[nl:Turkije]]
[[nn:Tyrkia]]
[[no:Tyrkia]]
[[nrm:Turtchie]]
[[oc:Turquia]]
[[os:Турк]]
[[pam:Turkey]]
[[pdc:Welschhinkel]]
[[pl:Turcja]]
[[pt:Turquia]]
[[ro:Turcia]]
[[ru:Турция]]
[[sa:तुर्किये]]
[[scn:Turchìa]]
[[sco:Turkey]]
[[se:Durka]]
[[sh:Turska]]
[[simple:Turkey]]
[[sk:Turecko]]
[[sl:Turčija]]
[[sq:Turqia]]
[[sr:Турска]]
[[sv:Turkiet]]
[[ta:துருக்கி]]
[[th:ประเทศตุรกี]]
[[tl:Turkiya]]
[[tr:Türkiye]]
[[tt:Törkiä]]
[[ug:تۇركىيە]]
[[uk:Туреччина]]
[[uz:Turkiya]]
[[vi:Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ]]
[[yi:טערקיי]]
[[zh:土耳其]]
[[zh-min-nan:Türkiye]]
Template:User ar
1836
5152
2006-01-20T00:24:01Z
Memty
43
<div style="float:left;border:solid #6EF7A7 1px;margin:1px">
<table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"><tr>
<td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ar'''</td>
<td style="font-size:12pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" dir="rtl"> هذا المستخدم يتحدث اللغة العربية [[:Category:User ar|كلغته الأم]].[[Category:User ar]][[Category:User ar-A]]</td>
</tr></table></div>
Template:User ar-1
1837
5153
2006-01-20T00:24:42Z
Memty
43
<div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Arabic language|ar]]-1'''
| style="font-size:11pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | هذا المستخدم بامكانه ان يشارك '''[[:Category:User ar|بالعربية]]''' بمستوى '''[[:Category:User ar-1|ابتدائ]]''' [[Category:User ar|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User ar-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}
</div>
Template:User ar-2
1838
5154
2006-01-20T00:25:22Z
Memty
43
<div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Arabic language|ar]]-2'''
| style="font-size:11pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | هذا المستخدم بامكانه ان يشارك '''[[:Category:User ar|بالعربية]]''' بمستوى '''[[:Category:User ar-2|متوسط]]''' [[Category:User ar|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User ar-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}
</div>
Template:User ar-3
1839
5155
2006-01-20T00:25:49Z
Memty
43
<div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Arabic language|ar]]-3'''
| style="font-size:11pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | هذا المستخدم بامكانه ان يشارك '''[[:Category:User ar|بالعربية]]''' بمستوى '''[[:Category:User ar-3|عالي]]''' [[Category:User ar|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User ar-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}
</div>
Category:User ar
1840
7812
2006-11-26T18:15:59Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[simple:Category:User ar]]
[[Category: Kullanıcı dilleri]]
[[als:Kategorie:User ar]]
[[ar:تصنيف:مستخدمون ar]]
[[az:Kateqoriya:User ar]]
[[bs:Kategorija:User ar]]
[[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - العربية]]
[[da:Kategori:Brugere ar]]
[[de:Kategorie:User ar]]
[[en:Category:User ar]]
[[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Árabe]]
[[eu:Kategoria:Arabiera (erabiltzaileak)]]
[[fa:رده:User ar]]
[[fi:Luokka:User ar]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ar]]
[[he:קטגוריה:User ar]]
[[ht:Category:User ar]]
[[hu:Kategória:User ar]]
[[id:Kategori:User ar]]
[[ja:Category:User ar]]
[[ko:분류:사용자 ar]]
[[ku:Kategorî:User ar]]
[[lad:Category:User ar]]
[[lb:Category:User ar]]
[[lt:Kategorija:User ar]]
[[nds:Kategorie:User ar]]
[[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker ar]]
[[no:Kategori:Bruker ar]]
[[pl:Kategoria:User ar]]
[[ru:Категория:User ar]]
[[simple:Category:User ar]]
[[sk:Kategória:User ar]]
[[sq:Category:User ar]]
[[sr:Категорија:Корисник ar]]
[[su:Kategori:User ar]]
[[tr:Kategori:User ar]]
[[uz:Category:User ar]]
[[wa:Categoreye:Uzeus ar]]
[[zh:Category:Ar 使用者]]
[[zh-yue:Category:User ar]]
Category:User ar-1
1841
8345
2006-12-19T17:04:02Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[sr:Категорија:Корисник ar-1]]
[[Category:User ar]]
[[als:Kategorie:User ar-1]]
[[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم ar-1]]
[[az:Kateqoriya:User ar-1]]
[[bs:Kategorija:User ar-1]]
[[de:Kategorie:User ar-1]]
[[en:Category:User ar-1]]
[[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Árabe básico]]
[[eu:Kategoria:Arabiera oinarrizko mailan]]
[[fa:رده:User ar-1]]
[[fi:Luokka:User ar-1]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ar-1]]
[[he:קטגוריה:User ar-1]]
[[ht:Category:User ar-1]]
[[hu:Kategória:User ar-1]]
[[id:Kategori:User ar-1]]
[[ja:Category:User ar-1]]
[[ko:분류:사용자 ar-1]]
[[ku:Kategorî:User ar-1]]
[[lad:Category:User ar-1]]
[[lb:Category:User ar-1]]
[[lt:Kategorija:User ar-1]]
[[nds:Kategorie:User ar-1]]
[[nl:Categorie:Gebruiker ar-1]]
[[no:Kategori:Bruker ar-1]]
[[pl:Kategoria:User ar-1]]
[[ru:Категория:User ar-1]]
[[simple:Category:User ar-1]]
[[sk:Kategória:User ar-1]]
[[sq:Category:User ar-1]]
[[sr:Категорија:Корисник ar-1]]
[[su:Kategori:User ar-1]]
[[tr:Kategori:User ar-1]]
[[uz:Category:User ar-1]]
[[zh-yue:Category:User ar-1]]
Category:User ar-2
1842
5158
2006-01-20T00:27:33Z
Memty
43
[[Category:User ar]]
Category:User ar-3
1843
7807
2006-11-26T18:06:18Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[simple:Category:User ar-3]]
[[Category:User ar]]
[[als:Kategorie:User ar-3]]
[[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم ar-3]]
[[az:Kateqoriya:User ar-3]]
[[bs:Kategorija:User ar-3]]
[[de:Kategorie:User ar-3]]
[[en:Category:User ar-3]]
[[es:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Árabe avanzado]]
[[eu:Kategoria:Arabiera maila aurreratuan]]
[[fa:رده:User ar-3]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Utilisateur ar-3]]
[[he:קטגוריה:User ar-3]]
[[ht:Category:User ar-3]]
[[ja:Category:User ar-3]]
[[ko:분류:사용자 ar-3]]
[[ku:Kategorî:User ar-3]]
[[lad:Category:User ar-3]]
[[lt:Kategorija:User ar-3]]
[[nds:Kategorie:User ar-3]]
[[pl:Kategoria:User ar-3]]
[[ru:Категория:User ar-3]]
[[simple:Category:User ar-3]]
[[sk:Kategória:User ar-3]]
[[sq:Category:User ar-3]]
[[tr:Kategori:User ar-3]]
[[uz:Category:User ar-3]]
Category:User ar-A
1844
5160
2006-01-20T00:28:14Z
Memty
43
[[Category:User ar]]
Template:User tr-1
1845
5161
2006-01-20T00:29:07Z
Memty
43
<div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''tr-1'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Bu '''[[:Category:User tr|kullanıcı]] [[:Category:User tr-1|düşük bir seviye ile Türkçe ]] '''anlıyor.[[Category:User tr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User tr-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}</div>
Template:User tr-2
1846
5162
2006-01-20T00:29:33Z
Memty
43
<div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px">
<table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF"><tr>
<td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''tr-2'''</td>
<td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;">Bu kullanıcının '''[[:Category:User tr|Türkçe]]''''si '''[[:Category:User tr-2|orta seviye]]''' dedir.
[[Category:User tr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User tr-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td>
</tr></table></div>
Template:User tr-3
1847
5163
2006-01-20T00:29:57Z
Memty
43
<div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''tr-3'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Bu '''[[:Category:User tr|kullanıcı]] [[:Category:User tr-3|yüksek bir seviye ile Türkçe ]] '''anlıyor.[[Category:User tr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User tr-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}</div>
Category:User tr-3
1848
5164
2006-01-20T00:30:16Z
Memty
43
[[Category:User tr]]
Category:User tr-2
1849
5165
2006-01-20T00:30:44Z
Memty
43
[[Category:User tr]]
Category:User tr-1
1850
5166
2006-01-20T00:31:32Z
Memty
43
[[Category:User tr]]
Template:User tr-0
1851
5170
2006-01-20T00:35:10Z
Memty
43
<div style="float:left;border:solid #FFB3B3 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#FFE0E8"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFB3B3;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''tr-0'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Bu kullanıcı '''[[:Category:User tr|Türkçe'yi]]''' maalesef '''[[:Category:User tr-0|hiç]]''' bilmiyor.[[Category:User tr-0|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td>
</tr></table></div>
Kategori:User tr-0
1852
5169
2006-01-20T00:34:35Z
Memty
43
Category:User tr-0
1853
5171
2006-01-20T00:35:26Z
Memty
43
[[Category:User tr]]
Image:800px-Izmir republic square.jpg
1854
5172
2006-01-20T00:47:23Z
Memty
43
Image:800px-Izmir Street 2.jpg
1855
5173
2006-01-20T00:47:45Z
Memty
43
Image:Kordon05.jpg
1856
5174
2006-01-20T00:47:56Z
Memty
43
Forum
1857
5188
2006-01-20T18:06:50Z
193.249.114.40
blanking - spam
Serdar
1858
7574
2006-11-20T17:12:40Z
Ga1taman
128
'''Serdar''' bir şaher [[Türkmenistan]]da
[[nl:Serdar]][[Category:Balkan welaýaty]]
Bereket
1859
7576
2006-11-20T17:13:54Z
Ga1taman
128
'''Bereket''' [[Türkmenistan]]da bir şaher
[[Category:Balkan welaýaty]]
Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy
1860
5305
2006-02-05T12:31:48Z
Ugur Basak
30
Çuvaşça
1861
5307
2006-02-05T12:32:23Z
Ugur Basak
30
Template:200X
1863
5201
2006-01-25T20:40:08Z
Memty
43
<br clear=all>
<center>
{| border="0" id="toc" style="margin: 0 auto" align=center
|align=center| [[2000]] - [[2001]] - [[2002]] - [[2003]] - [[2004]] - [[2005]] - [[2006]] - [[2007]] - [[2008]] - [[2009]]
|}
</center>
2000
1864
7480
2006-11-19T10:03:25Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1995]] | [[1996]] | [[1997]] | [[1998]] | [[1999]] | '''2000''' | [[2001]] | [[2002]] | [[2003]] | [[2004]] | [[2005]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
Turkmenin Altyn Asyry basladi.
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[el:2000]]
2001
1865
7481
2006-11-19T10:04:06Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1996]] | [[1997]] | [[1998]] | [[1999]] | [[2000]] | '''2001''' | [[2002]] | [[2003]] | [[2004]] | [[2005]] | [[2006]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[el:2001]]
2002
1866
7482
2006-11-19T10:08:48Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1997]] | [[1998]] | [[1999]] | [[2000]] | [[2001]] | '''2002''' | [[2003]] | [[2004]] | [[2005]] | [[2006]] | [[2007]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[el:2002]]
2003
1867
7495
2006-11-19T10:17:03Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1998]] | [[1999]] | [[2000]] | [[2001]] | [[2002]] | '''2003''' | [[2004]] | [[2005]] | [[2006]] | [[2007]] | [[2008]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[el:2003]]
2004
1868
7494
2006-11-19T10:16:41Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1999]] | [[2000]] | [[2001]] | [[2002]] | [[2003]] | '''2004''' | [[2005]] | [[2006]] | [[2007]] | [[2008]] | [[2009]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[el:2004]]
2005
1869
8332
2006-12-17T22:01:42Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Removing: [[mo:2005]], [[ru-sib:2005]]
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[2000]] | [[2001]] | [[2002]] | [[2003]] | [[2004]] | '''2005''' | [[2006]] | [[2007]] | [[2008]] | [[2009]] | [[2010]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[af:2005]]
[[als:2005]]
[[am:2005 እ.ኤ.አ.]]
[[an:2005]]
[[ang:2005]]
[[ar:2005]]
[[ast:2005]]
[[av:2005]]
[[az:2005]]
[[bat-smg:2005]]
[[be:2005]]
[[bg:2005]]
[[bn:২০০৫]]
[[bpy:মারি ২০০৫]]
[[br:2005]]
[[bs:2005]]
[[bug:2005]]
[[ca:2005]]
[[cbk-zam:2005]]
[[cho:2005]]
[[cr:2005]]
[[cs:2005]]
[[csb:2005]]
[[cv:2005]]
[[cy:2005]]
[[da:2005]]
[[de:2005]]
[[el:2005]]
[[en:2005]]
[[eo:2005]]
[[es:2005]]
[[et:2005]]
[[eu:2005]]
[[fi:2005]]
[[fiu-vro:2005]]
[[fo:2005]]
[[fr:2005]]
[[frp:2005]]
[[fur:2005]]
[[fy:2005]]
[[ga:2005]]
[[gd:2005]]
[[gl:2005]]
[[haw:2005]]
[[he:2005]]
[[hi:२००५]]
[[ho:2005]]
[[hr:2005]]
[[ht:2005 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:2005]]
[[hy:2005]]
[[ia:2005]]
[[id:2005]]
[[ilo:2005]]
[[io:2005]]
[[is:2005]]
[[it:2005]]
[[ja:2005年]]
[[ka:2005]]
[[kn:೨೦೦೫]]
[[ko:2005년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 2005]]
[[ku:2005]]
[[kw:2005]]
[[la:2005]]
[[lb:2005]]
[[lg:2005]]
[[li:2005]]
[[lmo:2005]]
[[ln:2005]]
[[lt:2005]]
[[mi:2005]]
[[mk:2005]]
[[ml:2005]]
[[mr:ई.स. २००५]]
[[ms:2005]]
[[nap:2005]]
[[nds:2005]]
[[nds-nl:2005]]
[[nl:2005]]
[[nn:2005]]
[[no:2005]]
[[nov:2005]]
[[nrm:2005]]
[[oc:2005]]
[[os:2005]]
[[pam:2005]]
[[pdc:2005]]
[[pl:2005]]
[[pms:2005]]
[[pt:2005]]
[[qu:2005]]
[[ro:2005]]
[[ru:2005 год]]
[[scn:2005]]
[[sco:2005]]
[[se:2005]]
[[sh:2005]]
[[simple:2005]]
[[sk:2005]]
[[sl:2005]]
[[sm:2005]]
[[sq:2005]]
[[sr:2005]]
[[su:2005]]
[[sv:2005]]
[[sw:2005]]
[[ta:2005]]
[[te:2005]]
[[tet:2005]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2548]]
[[tl:2005]]
[[tpi:2005]]
[[tr:2005]]
[[tt:2005]]
[[udm:2005]]
[[uk:2005]]
[[uz:2005]]
[[vec:2005]]
[[vi:2005]]
[[wa:2005]]
[[war:2005]]
[[yi:2005]]
[[zh:2005年]]
[[zh-min-nan:2005 nî]]
[[zh-yue:2005年]]
2006
1870
8333
2006-12-17T22:17:09Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Adding: [[cho:2006]] Removing: [[tet:2006]]
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[2001]] | [[2002]] | [[2003]] | [[2004]] | [[2005]] | '''2006''' | [[2007]] | [[2008]] | [[2009]] | [[2010]] | [[2011]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[af:2006]]
[[als:2006]]
[[am:2006 እ.ኤ.አ.]]
[[an:2006]]
[[ang:2006]]
[[ar:2006]]
[[ast:2006]]
[[av:2006]]
[[az:2006]]
[[ba:2006]]
[[bat-smg:2006]]
[[be:2006]]
[[bg:2006]]
[[bn:২০০৬]]
[[bo:2006]]
[[br:2006]]
[[bs:2006]]
[[ca:2006]]
[[ceb:2006]]
[[cho:2006]]
[[chr:2006]]
[[co:2006]]
[[cs:2006]]
[[csb:2006]]
[[cv:2006]]
[[cy:2006]]
[[da:2006]]
[[de:2006]]
[[dv:2006]]
[[el:2006]]
[[en:2006]]
[[eo:2006]]
[[es:2006]]
[[et:2006]]
[[eu:2006]]
[[fa:۲۰۰۶ (میلادی)]]
[[fi:2006]]
[[fiu-vro:2006]]
[[fo:2006]]
[[fr:2006]]
[[frp:2006]]
[[fur:2006]]
[[fy:2006]]
[[ga:2006]]
[[gd:2006]]
[[gl:2006]]
[[got:2006]]
[[gu:2006]]
[[gv:2006]]
[[he:2006]]
[[hi:२००६]]
[[hr:2006]]
[[ht:2006 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:2006]]
[[hy:2006]]
[[ia:2006]]
[[id:2006]]
[[ie:2006]]
[[ilo:2006]]
[[io:2006]]
[[is:2006]]
[[it:2006]]
[[ja:2006年]]
[[jbo:2006moi nanca]]
[[jv:2006]]
[[ka:2006]]
[[kg:2006]]
[[kk:2006]]
[[kn:೨೦೦೬]]
[[ko:2006년]]
[[ks:2006]]
[[ksh:Joohr 2006]]
[[ku:2006]]
[[kw:2006]]
[[ky:2006]]
[[la:2006]]
[[lb:2006]]
[[li:2006]]
[[lij:2006]]
[[lmo:2006]]
[[ln:2006]]
[[lt:2006]]
[[map-bms:2006]]
[[mg:2006]]
[[mi:2006]]
[[mk:2006]]
[[ml:2006]]
[[mn:2006]]
[[mr:ई.स. २००६]]
[[ms:2006]]
[[na:2006]]
[[nah:2006]]
[[nap:2006]]
[[nds-nl:2006]]
[[nl:2006]]
[[nn:2006]]
[[no:2006]]
[[nrm:2006]]
[[oc:2006]]
[[os:2006]]
[[pam:2006]]
[[pap:2006]]
[[pdc:2006]]
[[pl:2006]]
[[pms:2006]]
[[pt:2006]]
[[qu:2006]]
[[rm:2006]]
[[rmy:2006]]
[[ro:2006]]
[[roa-rup:2006]]
[[ru:2006 год]]
[[sa:2006]]
[[sc:2006]]
[[scn:2006]]
[[sco:2006]]
[[se:2006]]
[[sh:2006]]
[[si:2006]]
[[simple:2006]]
[[sk:2006]]
[[sl:2006]]
[[sq:2006]]
[[sr:2006]]
[[su:2006]]
[[sv:2006]]
[[sw:2006]]
[[ta:2006]]
[[te:2006]]
[[tg:2006]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2549]]
[[tl:2006]]
[[tpi:2006]]
[[tr:2006]]
[[tt:2006]]
[[udm:2006]]
[[ug:2006]]
[[uk:2006]]
[[ur:2006ء]]
[[uz:2006]]
[[vec:2006]]
[[vi:2006]]
[[vls:2006]]
[[wa:2006]]
[[war:2006]]
[[wo:2006]]
[[yi:ה'תשס"ו]]
[[zh:2006年]]
[[zh-classical:二〇〇六年]]
[[zh-min-nan:2006 nî]]
[[zh-yue:2006年]]
2007
1871
7491
2006-11-19T10:15:46Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[2002]] | [[2003]] | [[2004]] | [[2005]] | [[2006]] | '''2007''' | [[2008]] | [[2009]] | [[2010]] | [[2011]] | [[2012]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[el:2007]]
2008
1872
7490
2006-11-19T10:15:27Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[2003]] | [[2004]] | [[2005]] | [[2006]] | [[2007]] | '''2008''' | [[2009]] | [[2010]] | [[2011]] | [[2012]] | [[2013]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[el:2008]]
2009
1873
7489
2006-11-19T10:14:56Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[2004]] | [[2005]] | [[2006]] | [[2007]] | [[2008]] | '''2009''' | [[2010]] | [[2011]] | [[2012]] | [[2013]] | [[2014]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[el:2009]]
Template:199X
1874
5212
2006-01-25T20:43:46Z
Memty
43
<br clear=all>
<center>
{| border="0" id="toc" style="margin: 0 auto" align=center
|align=center| [[1990]] - [[1991]] - [[1992]] - [[1993]] - [[1994]] - [[1995]] - [[1996]] - [[1997]] - [[1998]] - [[1999]]
|}
</center>
1990
1875
7468
2006-11-19T09:45:15Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1985]] | [[1986]] | [[1987]] | [[1988]] | [[1989]] | '''1990''' | [[1991]] | [[1992]] | [[1993]] | [[1994]] | [[1995]]
</div>
1991
1876
7470
2006-11-19T09:50:28Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1986]] | [[1987]] | [[1988]] | [[1989]] | [[1990]] | '''1991''' | [[1992]] | [[1993]] | [[1994]] | [[1995]] | [[1996]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
* Garashsyzlyk ayinin 27-si - Turkmenistan SSR-nin Prezidentinin Permany boyunca ahlihalk ses bermesi esasynda [[Turkmenistan]] Garashsyz Dowlet diylip yglan edildi.
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
1992
1877
7471
2006-11-19T09:51:58Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1987]] | [[1988]] | [[1989]] | [[1990]] | [[1991]] | '''1992''' | [[1993]] | [[1994]] | [[1995]] | [[1996]] | [[1997]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
1993
1878
7472
2006-11-19T09:54:28Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1988]] | [[1989]] | [[1990]] | [[1991]] | [[1992]] | '''1993''' | [[1994]] | [[1995]] | [[1996]] | [[1997]] | [[1998]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
1994
1879
7473
2006-11-19T09:55:54Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1989]] | [[1990]] | [[1991]] | [[1992]] | [[1993]] | '''1994''' | [[1995]] | [[1996]] | [[1997]] | [[1998]] | [[1999]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
* Garashsyzlyk ayinin 25-i, [[Aşgabat]]da halkara aeroport acyldy.
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
1995
1880
7474
2006-11-19T09:57:57Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1990]] | [[1991]] | [[1992]] | [[1993]] | [[1994]] | '''1995''' | [[1996]] | [[1997]] | [[1998]] | [[1999]] | [[2000]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
* Baydak ayinin 19-i - [[Turkmenistan|Turkmenistanyn]] Turkmenistanyn Dowlet Baydagynyn bayramcylygy ilkinji gezek dabaraly bellendi.
* Garashsyzlyk ayinin 25-i - [[Gokdepe|Gokdepede]] Saparmyrat hajy adyndaky metjit acyldy
* Bitaraplyk ayinin 12-si - [[Turkmenistan|Turkmenistanyn]] hemiselik bitarapyk yagdayi ykrar edildi.
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
1996
1881
7476
2006-11-19T10:00:08Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1991]] | [[1992]] | [[1993]] | [[1994]] | [[1995]] | '''1996''' | [[1997]] | [[1998]] | [[1999]] | [[2000]] | [[2001]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
1997
1882
7477
2006-11-19T10:00:40Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1992]] | [[1993]] | [[1994]] | [[1995]] | [[1996]] | '''1997''' | [[1998]] | [[1999]] | [[2000]] | [[2001]] | [[2002]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
1998
1883
7821
2006-11-26T21:39:59Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: nov, ru-sib Modifying: ksh, ru
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1993]] | [[1994]] | [[1995]] | [[1996]] | [[1997]] | '''1998''' | [[1999]] | [[2000]] | [[2001]] | [[2002]] | [[2003]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[af:1998]]
[[als:1998]]
[[an:1998]]
[[ar:1998]]
[[ast:1998]]
[[av:1998]]
[[az:1998]]
[[be:1998]]
[[bg:1998]]
[[br:1998]]
[[bs:1998]]
[[ca:1998]]
[[co:1998]]
[[cs:1998]]
[[csb:1998]]
[[cv:1998]]
[[cy:1998]]
[[da:1998]]
[[de:1998]]
[[el:1998]]
[[en:1998]]
[[eo:1998]]
[[es:1998]]
[[et:1998]]
[[eu:1998]]
[[fi:1998]]
[[fo:1998]]
[[fr:1998]]
[[fy:1998]]
[[ga:1998]]
[[gd:1998]]
[[gl:1998]]
[[he:1998]]
[[hr:1998]]
[[ht:1998 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1998]]
[[hy:1998]]
[[ia:1998]]
[[id:1998]]
[[io:1998]]
[[is:1998]]
[[it:1998]]
[[ja:1998年]]
[[ka:1998]]
[[kn:೧೯೯೮]]
[[ko:1998년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1998]]
[[ku:1998]]
[[kw:1998]]
[[la:1998]]
[[lb:1998]]
[[li:1998]]
[[lmo:1998]]
[[lt:1998]]
[[mi:1998]]
[[mk:1998]]
[[mo:1998]]
[[mr:ई.स. १९९८]]
[[ms:1998]]
[[nap:1998]]
[[nds:1998]]
[[nl:1998]]
[[nn:1998]]
[[no:1998]]
[[nov:1998]]
[[nrm:1998]]
[[oc:1998]]
[[os:1998]]
[[pl:1998]]
[[pt:1998]]
[[ro:1998]]
[[ru:1998 год]]
[[ru-sib:1998]]
[[scn:1998]]
[[se:1998]]
[[sh:1998]]
[[simple:1998]]
[[sk:1998]]
[[sl:1998]]
[[sq:1998]]
[[sr:1998]]
[[sv:1998]]
[[sw:1998]]
[[ta:1998]]
[[te:1998]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2541]]
[[tl:1998]]
[[tpi:1998]]
[[tr:1998]]
[[tt:1998]]
[[uk:1998]]
[[uz:1998]]
[[vec:1998]]
[[wa:1998]]
[[zh:1998年]]
[[zh-yue:1998年]]
1999
1884
7820
2006-11-26T21:29:34Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: nov, pdc, ru-sib Modifying: ksh, ru
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1994]] | [[1995]] | [[1996]] | [[1997]] | [[1998]] | '''1999''' | [[2000]] | [[2001]] | [[2002]] | [[2003]] | [[2004]]
</div>
== Bolan Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Bolan Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Bolan Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
[[af:1999]]
[[als:1999]]
[[am:1999 እ.ኤ.አ.]]
[[an:1999]]
[[ar:1999]]
[[ast:1999]]
[[av:1999]]
[[az:1999]]
[[be:1999]]
[[bg:1999]]
[[br:1999]]
[[bs:1999]]
[[ca:1999]]
[[co:1999]]
[[cs:1999]]
[[csb:1999]]
[[cv:1999]]
[[cy:1999]]
[[da:1999]]
[[de:1999]]
[[el:1999]]
[[en:1999]]
[[eo:1999]]
[[es:1999]]
[[et:1999]]
[[eu:1999]]
[[fi:1999]]
[[fo:1999]]
[[fr:1999]]
[[fy:1999]]
[[ga:1999]]
[[gl:1999]]
[[he:1999]]
[[hr:1999]]
[[ht:1999 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1999]]
[[hy:1999]]
[[ia:1999]]
[[id:1999]]
[[io:1999]]
[[is:1999]]
[[it:1999]]
[[ja:1999年]]
[[ka:1999]]
[[kn:೧೯೯೯]]
[[ko:1999년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1999]]
[[ku:1999]]
[[kw:1999]]
[[la:1999]]
[[lb:1999]]
[[li:1999]]
[[lmo:1999]]
[[lt:1999]]
[[mi:1999]]
[[mk:1999]]
[[ml:1999]]
[[mo:1999]]
[[ms:1999]]
[[nap:1999]]
[[nds:1999]]
[[nl:1999]]
[[nn:1999]]
[[no:1999]]
[[nov:1999]]
[[nrm:1999]]
[[oc:1999]]
[[os:1999]]
[[pdc:1999]]
[[pl:1999]]
[[pt:1999]]
[[ro:1999]]
[[ru:1999 год]]
[[ru-sib:1999]]
[[scn:1999]]
[[se:1999]]
[[sh:1999]]
[[simple:1999]]
[[sk:1999]]
[[sl:1999]]
[[sq:1999]]
[[sr:1999]]
[[sv:1999]]
[[sw:1999]]
[[ta:1999]]
[[te:1999]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2542]]
[[tl:1999]]
[[tpi:1999]]
[[tr:1999]]
[[tt:1999]]
[[udm:1999]]
[[uk:1999]]
[[uz:1999]]
[[vec:1999]]
[[wa:1999]]
[[zh:1999年]]
[[zh-min-nan:1999 nî]]
[[zh-yue:1999年]]
Wikipedia:Yöneticiler
1885
5224
2006-01-25T20:48:15Z
Memty
43
#redirect[[Wikipedia:Administrators]]
Template:198X
1886
5225
2006-01-25T20:49:57Z
Memty
43
<br clear=all>
<center>
{| border="0" id="toc" style="margin: 0 auto" align=center
|align=center| [[1980]] - [[1981]] - [[1982]] - [[1983]] - [[1984]] - [[1985]] - [[1986]] - [[1987]] - [[1988]] - [[1989]]
|}
</center>
1980
1887
7789
2006-11-26T15:20:10Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: nds, nov, ru-sib, vi Modifying: ksh, ru
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1975]] | [[1976]] | [[1977]] | [[1978]] | [[1979]] | '''1980''' | [[1981]] | [[1982]] | [[1983]] | [[1984]] | [[1985]]
</div>
[[af:1980]]
[[als:1980]]
[[an:1980]]
[[ar:1980]]
[[ast:1980]]
[[av:1980]]
[[az:1980]]
[[be:1980]]
[[bg:1980]]
[[br:1980]]
[[bs:1980]]
[[ca:1980]]
[[co:1980]]
[[cs:1980]]
[[csb:1980]]
[[cv:1980]]
[[cy:1980]]
[[da:1980]]
[[de:1980]]
[[el:1980]]
[[en:1980]]
[[eo:1980]]
[[es:1980]]
[[et:1980]]
[[eu:1980]]
[[fi:1980]]
[[fo:1980]]
[[fr:1980]]
[[fy:1980]]
[[ga:1980]]
[[gd:1980]]
[[gl:1980]]
[[he:1980]]
[[hr:1980]]
[[ht:1980 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1980]]
[[hy:1980]]
[[ia:1980]]
[[id:1980]]
[[ilo:1980]]
[[io:1980]]
[[is:1980]]
[[it:1980]]
[[ja:1980年]]
[[ka:1980]]
[[kn:೧೯೮೦]]
[[ko:1980년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1980]]
[[ku:1980]]
[[kw:1980]]
[[la:1980]]
[[lb:1980]]
[[lmo:1980]]
[[lt:1980]]
[[mk:1980]]
[[ms:1980]]
[[nap:1980]]
[[nds:1980]]
[[nl:1980]]
[[nn:1980]]
[[no:1980]]
[[nov:1980]]
[[nrm:1980]]
[[oc:1980]]
[[os:1980]]
[[pdc:1980]]
[[pl:1980]]
[[pt:1980]]
[[ro:1980]]
[[ru:1980 год]]
[[ru-sib:1980]]
[[scn:1980]]
[[se:1980]]
[[sh:1980]]
[[simple:1980]]
[[sk:1980]]
[[sl:1980]]
[[sq:1980]]
[[sr:1980]]
[[sv:1980]]
[[sw:1980]]
[[ta:1980]]
[[te:1980]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2523]]
[[tl:1980]]
[[tr:1980]]
[[tt:1980]]
[[uk:1980]]
[[uz:1980]]
[[vec:1980]]
[[vi:1980]]
[[wa:1980]]
[[zh:1980年]]
1981
1888
7782
2006-11-26T15:02:23Z
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<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1976]] | [[1977]] | [[1978]] | [[1979]] | [[1980]] | '''1981''' | [[1982]] | [[1983]] | [[1984]] | [[1985]] | [[1986]] |
</div>
[[af:1981]]
[[als:1981]]
[[an:1981]]
[[ar:1981]]
[[ast:1981]]
[[av:1981]]
[[az:1981]]
[[be:1981]]
[[bg:1981]]
[[br:1981]]
[[bs:1981]]
[[ca:1981]]
[[co:1981]]
[[cs:1981]]
[[csb:1981]]
[[cv:1981]]
[[cy:1981]]
[[da:1981]]
[[de:1981]]
[[el:1981]]
[[en:1981]]
[[eo:1981]]
[[es:1981]]
[[et:1981]]
[[eu:1981]]
[[fi:1981]]
[[fo:1981]]
[[fr:1981]]
[[fy:1981]]
[[ga:1981]]
[[gd:1981]]
[[gl:1981]]
[[he:1981]]
[[hr:1981]]
[[ht:1981 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1981]]
[[hy:1981]]
[[ia:1981]]
[[id:1981]]
[[ilo:1981]]
[[io:1981]]
[[is:1981]]
[[it:1981]]
[[ja:1981年]]
[[ka:1981]]
[[kn:೧೯೮೧]]
[[ko:1981년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1981]]
[[ku:1981]]
[[kw:1981]]
[[la:1981]]
[[lb:1981]]
[[lmo:1981]]
[[lt:1981]]
[[mk:1981]]
[[ms:1981]]
[[nap:1981]]
[[nl:1981]]
[[nn:1981]]
[[no:1981]]
[[nov:1981]]
[[nrm:1981]]
[[oc:1981]]
[[os:1981]]
[[pl:1981]]
[[pt:1981]]
[[ro:1981]]
[[ru:1981 год]]
[[ru-sib:1981]]
[[scn:1981]]
[[se:1981]]
[[simple:1981]]
[[sk:1981]]
[[sl:1981]]
[[sq:1981]]
[[sr:1981]]
[[sv:1981]]
[[sw:1981]]
[[ta:1981]]
[[te:1981]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2524]]
[[tl:1981]]
[[tr:1981]]
[[tt:1981]]
[[uk:1981]]
[[uz:1981]]
[[vec:1981]]
[[vi:1981]]
[[wa:1981]]
[[zh:1981年]]
1982
1889
7779
2006-11-26T14:52:00Z
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<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1977]] | [[1978]] | [[1979]] | [[1980]] | [[1981]] | '''1982''' | [[1983]] | [[1984]] | [[1985]] | [[1986]] | [[1987]]
</div>
[[af:1982]]
[[als:1982]]
[[am:1982]]
[[an:1982]]
[[ar:1982]]
[[ast:1982]]
[[av:1982]]
[[az:1982]]
[[be:1982]]
[[bg:1982]]
[[br:1982]]
[[bs:1982]]
[[ca:1982]]
[[co:1982]]
[[cs:1982]]
[[csb:1982]]
[[cv:1982]]
[[cy:1982]]
[[da:1982]]
[[de:1982]]
[[el:1982]]
[[en:1982]]
[[eo:1982]]
[[es:1982]]
[[et:1982]]
[[eu:1982]]
[[fi:1982]]
[[fo:1982]]
[[fr:1982]]
[[fy:1982]]
[[ga:1982]]
[[gd:1982]]
[[gl:1982]]
[[he:1982]]
[[hr:1982]]
[[ht:1982 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1982]]
[[hy:1982]]
[[ia:1982]]
[[id:1982]]
[[ilo:1982]]
[[io:1982]]
[[is:1982]]
[[it:1982]]
[[ja:1982年]]
[[ka:1982]]
[[kn:೧೯೮೨]]
[[ko:1982년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1982]]
[[ku:1982]]
[[kw:1982]]
[[la:1982]]
[[lb:1982]]
[[lmo:1982]]
[[lt:1982]]
[[mk:1982]]
[[ms:1982]]
[[nap:1982]]
[[nds:1982]]
[[nl:1982]]
[[nn:1982]]
[[no:1982]]
[[nov:1982]]
[[nrm:1982]]
[[oc:1982]]
[[os:1982]]
[[pl:1982]]
[[pt:1982]]
[[ro:1982]]
[[ru:1982 год]]
[[ru-sib:1982]]
[[scn:1982]]
[[se:1982]]
[[simple:1982]]
[[sk:1982]]
[[sl:1982]]
[[sq:1982]]
[[sr:1982]]
[[sv:1982]]
[[sw:1982]]
[[ta:1982]]
[[te:1982]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2525]]
[[tl:1982]]
[[tr:1982]]
[[tt:1982]]
[[uk:1982]]
[[uz:1982]]
[[vec:1982]]
[[vi:1982]]
[[wa:1982]]
[[zh:1982年]]
[[zh-yue:1982年]]
1983
1890
7460
2006-11-19T09:39:19Z
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<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1978]] | [[1979]] | [[1980]] | [[1981]] | [[1982]] | '''1983''' | [[1984]] | [[1985]] | [[1986]] | [[1987]] | [[1988]]
</div>
1984
1891
7462
2006-11-19T09:40:34Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1979]] | [[1980]] | [[1981]] | [[1982]] | [[1983]] | '''1984''' | [[1985]] | [[1986]] | [[1987]] | [[1988]] | [[1989]]
</div>
1985
1892
7463
2006-11-19T09:41:28Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1980]] | [[1981]] | [[1982]] | [[1983]] | [[1984]] | '''1985''' | [[1986]] | [[1987]] | [[1988]] | [[1989]] | [[1990]]
</div>
1986
1893
7776
2006-11-26T14:20:37Z
Escarbot
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robot Adding: ilo, nov, ru-sib, vi Modifying: ksh, ru
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1981]] | [[1982]] | [[1983]] | [[1984]] | [[1985]] | '''1986''' | [[1987]] | [[1988]] | [[1989]] | [[1990]] | [[1991]]
</div>
[[af:1986]]
[[als:1986]]
[[an:1986]]
[[ar:1986]]
[[ast:1986]]
[[av:1986]]
[[az:1986]]
[[be:1986]]
[[bg:1986]]
[[br:1986]]
[[bs:1986]]
[[ca:1986]]
[[co:1986]]
[[cs:1986]]
[[csb:1986]]
[[cv:1986]]
[[cy:1986]]
[[da:1986]]
[[de:1986]]
[[el:1986]]
[[en:1986]]
[[eo:1986]]
[[es:1986]]
[[et:1986]]
[[eu:1986]]
[[fi:1986]]
[[fo:1986]]
[[fr:1986]]
[[fy:1986]]
[[ga:1986]]
[[gd:1986]]
[[gl:1986]]
[[he:1986]]
[[hr:1986]]
[[ht:1986 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1986]]
[[hy:1986]]
[[ia:1986]]
[[id:1986]]
[[ilo:1986]]
[[io:1986]]
[[is:1986]]
[[it:1986]]
[[ja:1986年]]
[[ka:1986]]
[[kn:೧೯೮೬]]
[[ko:1986년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1986]]
[[ku:1986]]
[[kw:1986]]
[[la:1986]]
[[lb:1986]]
[[lmo:1986]]
[[lt:1986]]
[[mk:1986]]
[[ms:1986]]
[[nap:1986]]
[[nl:1986]]
[[nn:1986]]
[[no:1986]]
[[nov:1986]]
[[nrm:1986]]
[[oc:1986]]
[[os:1986]]
[[pl:1986]]
[[pt:1986]]
[[ro:1986]]
[[ru:1986 год]]
[[ru-sib:1986]]
[[scn:1986]]
[[se:1986]]
[[simple:1986]]
[[sk:1986]]
[[sl:1986]]
[[sq:1986]]
[[sr:1986]]
[[sv:1986]]
[[sw:1986]]
[[ta:1986]]
[[te:1986]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2529]]
[[tl:1986]]
[[tr:1986]]
[[tt:1986]]
[[uk:1986]]
[[uz:1986]]
[[vec:1986]]
[[vi:1986]]
[[wa:1986]]
[[zh:1986年]]
1987
1894
7465
2006-11-19T09:43:08Z
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<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1982]] | [[1983]] | [[1984]] | [[1985]] | [[1986]] | '''1987''' | [[1988]] | [[1989]] | [[1990]] | [[1991]] | [[1992]]
</div>
1988
1895
7773
2006-11-26T14:00:02Z
Escarbot
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robot Adding: nds, nov, ru-sib Modifying: ksh, ru
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1983]] | [[1984]] | [[1985]] | [[1986]] | [[1987]] | '''1988''' | [[1989]] | [[1990]] | [[1991]] | [[1992]] | [[1993]]
</div>
[[af:1988]]
[[als:1988]]
[[an:1988]]
[[ar:1988]]
[[ast:1988]]
[[av:1988]]
[[az:1988]]
[[be:1988]]
[[bg:1988]]
[[br:1988]]
[[bs:1988]]
[[ca:1988]]
[[co:1988]]
[[cs:1988]]
[[csb:1988]]
[[cv:1988]]
[[cy:1988]]
[[da:1988]]
[[de:1988]]
[[el:1988]]
[[en:1988]]
[[eo:1988]]
[[es:1988]]
[[et:1988]]
[[eu:1988]]
[[fi:1988]]
[[fo:1988]]
[[fr:1988]]
[[fy:1988]]
[[ga:1988]]
[[gd:1988]]
[[gl:1988]]
[[he:1988]]
[[hr:1988]]
[[ht:1988 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1988]]
[[hy:1988]]
[[ia:1988]]
[[id:1988]]
[[io:1988]]
[[is:1988]]
[[it:1988]]
[[ja:1988年]]
[[ka:1988]]
[[kn:೧೯೮೮]]
[[ko:1988년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1988]]
[[ku:1988]]
[[kw:1988]]
[[la:1988]]
[[lb:1988]]
[[lmo:1988]]
[[lt:1988]]
[[mk:1988]]
[[ms:1988]]
[[nap:1988]]
[[nds:1988]]
[[nl:1988]]
[[nn:1988]]
[[no:1988]]
[[nov:1988]]
[[nrm:1988]]
[[oc:1988]]
[[os:1988]]
[[pl:1988]]
[[pt:1988]]
[[ro:1988]]
[[ru:1988 год]]
[[ru-sib:1988]]
[[scn:1988]]
[[se:1988]]
[[sh:1988]]
[[simple:1988]]
[[sk:1988]]
[[sl:1988]]
[[sq:1988]]
[[sr:1988]]
[[sv:1988]]
[[sw:1988]]
[[ta:1988]]
[[te:1988]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2531]]
[[tl:1988]]
[[tr:1988]]
[[tt:1988]]
[[uk:1988]]
[[uz:1988]]
[[vec:1988]]
[[wa:1988]]
[[zh:1988年]]
1989
1896
7772
2006-11-26T13:50:08Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: nov, ru-sib Modifying: ksh, ru
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1984]] | [[1985]] | [[1986]] | [[1987]] | [[1988]] | '''1989''' | [[1990]] | [[1991]] | [[1992]] | [[1993]] | [[1994]]
</div>
[[af:1989]]
[[als:1989]]
[[am:1989]]
[[an:1989]]
[[ar:1989]]
[[ast:1989]]
[[av:1989]]
[[az:1989]]
[[be:1989]]
[[bg:1989]]
[[br:1989]]
[[bs:1989]]
[[ca:1989]]
[[co:1989]]
[[cs:1989]]
[[csb:1989]]
[[cv:1989]]
[[cy:1989]]
[[da:1989]]
[[de:1989]]
[[el:1989]]
[[en:1989]]
[[eo:1989]]
[[es:1989]]
[[et:1989]]
[[eu:1989]]
[[fi:1989]]
[[fo:1989]]
[[fr:1989]]
[[fy:1989]]
[[ga:1989]]
[[gd:1989]]
[[gl:1989]]
[[he:1989]]
[[hr:1989]]
[[ht:1989 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1989]]
[[hy:1989]]
[[ia:1989]]
[[id:1989]]
[[io:1989]]
[[is:1989]]
[[it:1989]]
[[ja:1989年]]
[[ka:1989]]
[[kn:೧೯೮೯]]
[[ko:1989년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1989]]
[[ku:1989]]
[[kw:1989]]
[[la:1989]]
[[lb:1989]]
[[li:1989]]
[[lmo:1989]]
[[lt:1989]]
[[mk:1989]]
[[mo:1989]]
[[ms:1989]]
[[nap:1989]]
[[nl:1989]]
[[nn:1989]]
[[no:1989]]
[[nov:1989]]
[[nrm:1989]]
[[oc:1989]]
[[os:1989]]
[[pl:1989]]
[[pt:1989]]
[[ro:1989]]
[[ru:1989 год]]
[[ru-sib:1989]]
[[scn:1989]]
[[se:1989]]
[[sh:1989]]
[[simple:1989]]
[[sk:1989]]
[[sl:1989]]
[[sq:1989]]
[[sr:1989]]
[[sv:1989]]
[[sw:1989]]
[[ta:1989]]
[[te:1989]]
[[tet:1989]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2532]]
[[tl:1989]]
[[tr:1989]]
[[tt:1989]]
[[uk:1989]]
[[uz:1989]]
[[vec:1989]]
[[wa:1989]]
[[zh:1989年]]
[[zh-min-nan:1989 nî]]
Template:197X
1897
5237
2006-01-25T20:56:04Z
Memty
43
<br clear=all>
<center>
{| border="0" id="toc" style="margin: 0 auto" align=center
|align=center| [[1970]] - [[1971]] - [[1972]] - [[1973]] - [[1974]] - [[1975]] - [[1976]] - [[1977]] - [[1978]] - [[1979]]
|}
</center>
1970
1898
7800
2006-11-26T16:51:24Z
Escarbot
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{{197X}}
[[af:1970]]
[[als:1970]]
[[an:1970]]
[[ar:1970]]
[[ast:1970]]
[[av:1970]]
[[az:1970]]
[[be:1970]]
[[bg:1970]]
[[br:1970]]
[[bs:1970]]
[[ca:1970]]
[[co:1970]]
[[cs:1970]]
[[csb:1970]]
[[cv:1970]]
[[cy:1970]]
[[da:1970]]
[[de:1970]]
[[el:1970]]
[[en:1970]]
[[eo:1970]]
[[es:1970]]
[[et:1970]]
[[eu:1970]]
[[fi:1970]]
[[fo:1970]]
[[fr:1970]]
[[fy:1970]]
[[ga:1970]]
[[gd:1970]]
[[gl:1970]]
[[he:1970]]
[[hr:1970]]
[[ht:1970 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1970]]
[[hy:1970]]
[[ia:1970]]
[[id:1970]]
[[io:1970]]
[[is:1970]]
[[it:1970]]
[[ja:1970年]]
[[ka:1970]]
[[kn:೧೯೭೦]]
[[ko:1970년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1970]]
[[ku:1970]]
[[kw:1970]]
[[la:1970]]
[[lb:1970]]
[[lmo:1970]]
[[lt:1970]]
[[mk:1970]]
[[ms:1970]]
[[nap:1970]]
[[nl:1970]]
[[nn:1970]]
[[no:1970]]
[[nov:1970]]
[[nrm:1970]]
[[oc:1970]]
[[os:1970]]
[[pl:1970]]
[[pt:1970]]
[[ro:1970]]
[[ru:1970 год]]
[[ru-sib:1970]]
[[scn:1970]]
[[se:1970]]
[[simple:1970]]
[[sk:1970]]
[[sl:1970]]
[[sq:1970]]
[[sr:1970]]
[[sv:1970]]
[[sw:1970]]
[[ta:1970]]
[[te:1970]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2513]]
[[tl:1970]]
[[tr:1970]]
[[tt:1970]]
[[uk:1970]]
[[uz:1970]]
[[vec:1970]]
[[wa:1970]]
[[zh:1970年]]
1971
1899
7798
2006-11-26T16:42:48Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: nov, ru-sib Modifying: ksh, ru
{{197X}}
[[af:1971]]
[[als:1971]]
[[an:1971]]
[[ar:1971]]
[[ast:1971]]
[[av:1971]]
[[az:1971]]
[[be:1971]]
[[bg:1971]]
[[br:1971]]
[[bs:1971]]
[[ca:1971]]
[[co:1971]]
[[cs:1971]]
[[csb:1971]]
[[cv:1971]]
[[cy:1971]]
[[da:1971]]
[[de:1971]]
[[el:1971]]
[[en:1971]]
[[eo:1971]]
[[es:1971]]
[[et:1971]]
[[eu:1971]]
[[fi:1971]]
[[fo:1971]]
[[fr:1971]]
[[fy:1971]]
[[ga:1971]]
[[gd:1971]]
[[gl:1971]]
[[he:1971]]
[[hr:1971]]
[[ht:1971 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1971]]
[[hy:1971]]
[[ia:1971]]
[[id:1971]]
[[io:1971]]
[[is:1971]]
[[it:1971]]
[[ja:1971年]]
[[ka:1971]]
[[kn:೧೯೭೧]]
[[ko:1971년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1971]]
[[kw:1971]]
[[la:1971]]
[[lb:1971]]
[[lmo:1971]]
[[lt:1971]]
[[mk:1971]]
[[ms:1971]]
[[nap:1971]]
[[nl:1971]]
[[nn:1971]]
[[no:1971]]
[[nov:1971]]
[[nrm:1971]]
[[oc:1971]]
[[os:1971]]
[[pl:1971]]
[[pt:1971]]
[[ro:1971]]
[[ru:1971 год]]
[[ru-sib:1971]]
[[scn:1971]]
[[se:1971]]
[[simple:1971]]
[[sk:1971]]
[[sl:1971]]
[[sq:1971]]
[[sr:1971]]
[[sv:1971]]
[[sw:1971]]
[[ta:1971]]
[[te:1971]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2514]]
[[tl:1971]]
[[tr:1971]]
[[tt:1971]]
[[uk:1971]]
[[uz:1971]]
[[vec:1971]]
[[wa:1971]]
[[zh:1971年]]
1972
1900
7797
2006-11-26T16:31:24Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: nov, ru-sib Modifying: ksh, ru
{{197X}}
[[af:1972]]
[[als:1972]]
[[an:1972]]
[[ar:1972]]
[[ast:1972]]
[[av:1972]]
[[az:1972]]
[[be:1972]]
[[bg:1972]]
[[br:1972]]
[[bs:1972]]
[[ca:1972]]
[[co:1972]]
[[cs:1972]]
[[csb:1972]]
[[cv:1972]]
[[cy:1972]]
[[da:1972]]
[[de:1972]]
[[el:1972]]
[[en:1972]]
[[eo:1972]]
[[es:1972]]
[[et:1972]]
[[eu:1972]]
[[fi:1972]]
[[fo:1972]]
[[fr:1972]]
[[fy:1972]]
[[ga:1972]]
[[gd:1972]]
[[gl:1972]]
[[he:1972]]
[[hr:1972]]
[[ht:1972 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1972]]
[[hy:1972]]
[[ia:1972]]
[[id:1972]]
[[io:1972]]
[[is:1972]]
[[it:1972]]
[[ja:1972年]]
[[ka:1972]]
[[kn:೧೯೭೨]]
[[ko:1972년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1972]]
[[ku:1972]]
[[kw:1972]]
[[la:1972]]
[[lb:1972]]
[[lmo:1972]]
[[lt:1972]]
[[mk:1972]]
[[ms:1972]]
[[nap:1972]]
[[nds:1972]]
[[nl:1972]]
[[nn:1972]]
[[no:1972]]
[[nov:1972]]
[[nrm:1972]]
[[oc:1972]]
[[os:1972]]
[[pl:1972]]
[[pt:1972]]
[[ro:1972]]
[[ru:1972 год]]
[[ru-sib:1972]]
[[scn:1972]]
[[se:1972]]
[[simple:1972]]
[[sk:1972]]
[[sl:1972]]
[[sq:1972]]
[[sr:1972]]
[[sv:1972]]
[[sw:1972]]
[[ta:1972]]
[[te:1972]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2515]]
[[tl:1972]]
[[tr:1972]]
[[tt:1972]]
[[uk:1972]]
[[uz:1972]]
[[vec:1972]]
[[vi:1972]]
[[wa:1972]]
[[zh:1972年]]
1973
1901
5241
2006-01-25T20:58:15Z
Memty
43
{{197X}}
1974
1902
7795
2006-11-26T16:13:12Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: ilo, nov, ru-sib, vi Modifying: ksh, ru
{{197X}}
[[af:1974]]
[[als:1974]]
[[an:1974]]
[[ar:1974]]
[[ast:1974]]
[[av:1974]]
[[az:1974]]
[[be:1974]]
[[bg:1974]]
[[br:1974]]
[[bs:1974]]
[[ca:1974]]
[[co:1974]]
[[cs:1974]]
[[csb:1974]]
[[cv:1974]]
[[cy:1974]]
[[da:1974]]
[[de:1974]]
[[el:1974]]
[[en:1974]]
[[eo:1974]]
[[es:1974]]
[[et:1974]]
[[eu:1974]]
[[fi:1974]]
[[fo:1974]]
[[fr:1974]]
[[fy:1974]]
[[ga:1974]]
[[gd:1974]]
[[gl:1974]]
[[he:1974]]
[[hr:1974]]
[[ht:1974 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1974]]
[[hy:1974]]
[[ia:1974]]
[[id:1974]]
[[ilo:1974]]
[[io:1974]]
[[is:1974]]
[[it:1974]]
[[ja:1974年]]
[[ka:1974]]
[[kn:೧೯೭೪]]
[[ko:1974년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1974]]
[[ku:1974]]
[[kw:1974]]
[[la:1974]]
[[lb:1974]]
[[lmo:1974]]
[[lt:1974]]
[[mk:1974]]
[[ms:1974]]
[[nap:1974]]
[[nds:1974]]
[[nl:1974]]
[[nn:1974]]
[[no:1974]]
[[nov:1974]]
[[nrm:1974]]
[[oc:1974]]
[[os:1974]]
[[pl:1974]]
[[pt:1974]]
[[ro:1974]]
[[ru:1974 год]]
[[ru-sib:1974]]
[[scn:1974]]
[[se:1974]]
[[sh:1974]]
[[simple:1974]]
[[sk:1974]]
[[sl:1974]]
[[sq:1974]]
[[sr:1974]]
[[sv:1974]]
[[sw:1974]]
[[ta:1974]]
[[te:1974]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2517]]
[[tl:1974]]
[[tr:1974]]
[[tt:1974]]
[[uk:1974]]
[[uz:1974]]
[[vec:1974]]
[[vi:1974]]
[[wa:1974]]
[[zh:1974年]]
1975
1903
7456
2006-11-19T09:27:35Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1977]] | [[1978]] | [[1979]] | [[1980]] | [[1981]] | '''1982''' | [[1983]] | [[1984]] | [[1985]] | [[1986]] | [[1987]]
</div>
1976
1904
7794
2006-11-26T15:54:01Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: ilo, nov, ru-sib, vi Modifying: ksh, ru
{{197X}}
[[af:1976]]
[[als:1976]]
[[an:1976]]
[[ar:1976]]
[[ast:1976]]
[[av:1976]]
[[az:1976]]
[[be:1976]]
[[bg:1976]]
[[br:1976]]
[[bs:1976]]
[[ca:1976]]
[[co:1976]]
[[cs:1976]]
[[csb:1976]]
[[cv:1976]]
[[cy:1976]]
[[da:1976]]
[[de:1976]]
[[el:1976]]
[[en:1976]]
[[eo:1976]]
[[es:1976]]
[[et:1976]]
[[eu:1976]]
[[fi:1976]]
[[fo:1976]]
[[fr:1976]]
[[fur:1976]]
[[fy:1976]]
[[ga:1976]]
[[gd:1976]]
[[gl:1976]]
[[he:1976]]
[[hr:1976]]
[[ht:1976 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1976]]
[[hy:1976]]
[[ia:1976]]
[[id:1976]]
[[ilo:1976]]
[[io:1976]]
[[is:1976]]
[[it:1976]]
[[ja:1976年]]
[[ka:1976]]
[[kn:೧೯೭೬]]
[[ko:1976년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1976]]
[[ku:1976]]
[[kw:1976]]
[[la:1976]]
[[lb:1976]]
[[lmo:1976]]
[[lt:1976]]
[[mi:1976]]
[[mk:1976]]
[[ms:1976]]
[[nap:1976]]
[[nl:1976]]
[[nn:1976]]
[[no:1976]]
[[nov:1976]]
[[nrm:1976]]
[[oc:1976]]
[[os:1976]]
[[pl:1976]]
[[pt:1976]]
[[ro:1976]]
[[ru:1976 год]]
[[ru-sib:1976]]
[[scn:1976]]
[[se:1976]]
[[simple:1976]]
[[sk:1976]]
[[sl:1976]]
[[sm:1976]]
[[sq:1976]]
[[sr:1976]]
[[sv:1976]]
[[sw:1976]]
[[ta:1976]]
[[te:1976]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2519]]
[[tl:1976]]
[[tr:1976]]
[[tt:1976]]
[[uk:1976]]
[[uz:1976]]
[[vec:1976]]
[[vi:1976]]
[[wa:1976]]
[[zh:1976年]]
1977
1905
7822
2006-11-26T22:04:08Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: ilo, nov, ru-sib, vi Modifying: ksh, ru
{{197X}}
[[af:1977]]
[[als:1977]]
[[an:1977]]
[[ar:1977]]
[[ast:1977]]
[[av:1977]]
[[az:1977]]
[[be:1977]]
[[bg:1977]]
[[br:1977]]
[[bs:1977]]
[[ca:1977]]
[[co:1977]]
[[cs:1977]]
[[csb:1977]]
[[cv:1977]]
[[cy:1977]]
[[da:1977]]
[[de:1977]]
[[el:1977]]
[[en:1977]]
[[eo:1977]]
[[es:1977]]
[[et:1977]]
[[eu:1977]]
[[fi:1977]]
[[fo:1977]]
[[fr:1977]]
[[fy:1977]]
[[ga:1977]]
[[gd:1977]]
[[gl:1977]]
[[he:1977]]
[[hr:1977]]
[[ht:1977 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1977]]
[[hy:1977]]
[[ia:1977]]
[[id:1977]]
[[ilo:1977]]
[[io:1977]]
[[is:1977]]
[[it:1977]]
[[ja:1977年]]
[[ka:1977]]
[[kn:೧೯೭೭]]
[[ko:1977년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1977]]
[[ku:1977]]
[[kw:1977]]
[[la:1977]]
[[lb:1977]]
[[lmo:1977]]
[[lt:1977]]
[[mk:1977]]
[[ms:1977]]
[[nap:1977]]
[[ne:1977]]
[[nl:1977]]
[[nn:1977]]
[[no:1977]]
[[nov:1977]]
[[nrm:1977]]
[[oc:1977]]
[[os:1977]]
[[pl:1977]]
[[pt:1977]]
[[ro:1977]]
[[ru:1977 год]]
[[ru-sib:1977]]
[[scn:1977]]
[[se:1977]]
[[simple:1977]]
[[sk:1977]]
[[sl:1977]]
[[sq:1977]]
[[sr:1977]]
[[sv:1977]]
[[sw:1977]]
[[ta:1977]]
[[te:1977]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2520]]
[[tl:1977]]
[[tr:1977]]
[[tt:1977]]
[[uk:1977]]
[[uz:1977]]
[[vec:1977]]
[[vi:1977]]
[[wa:1977]]
[[zh:1977年]]
1978
1906
7792
2006-11-26T15:41:59Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: ilo, nov, ru-sib, vi Modifying: ksh, ru
{{197X}}
[[af:1978]]
[[als:1978]]
[[am:1978]]
[[an:1978]]
[[ar:1978]]
[[ast:1978]]
[[av:1978]]
[[az:1978]]
[[be:1978]]
[[bg:1978]]
[[br:1978]]
[[bs:1978]]
[[ca:1978]]
[[co:1978]]
[[cs:1978]]
[[csb:1978]]
[[cv:1978]]
[[cy:1978]]
[[da:1978]]
[[de:1978]]
[[el:1978]]
[[en:1978]]
[[eo:1978]]
[[es:1978]]
[[et:1978]]
[[eu:1978]]
[[fi:1978]]
[[fo:1978]]
[[fr:1978]]
[[fy:1978]]
[[ga:1978]]
[[gd:1978]]
[[gl:1978]]
[[he:1978]]
[[hr:1978]]
[[ht:1978 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1978]]
[[hy:1978]]
[[ia:1978]]
[[id:1978]]
[[ilo:1978]]
[[io:1978]]
[[is:1978]]
[[it:1978]]
[[ja:1978年]]
[[ka:1978]]
[[kn:೧೯೭೮]]
[[ko:1978년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1978]]
[[ku:1978]]
[[kw:1978]]
[[la:1978]]
[[lb:1978]]
[[lmo:1978]]
[[lt:1978]]
[[mk:1978]]
[[ms:1978]]
[[nap:1978]]
[[nl:1978]]
[[nn:1978]]
[[no:1978]]
[[nov:1978]]
[[nrm:1978]]
[[oc:1978]]
[[os:1978]]
[[pam:1978]]
[[pl:1978]]
[[pt:1978]]
[[ro:1978]]
[[ru:1978 год]]
[[ru-sib:1978]]
[[scn:1978]]
[[se:1978]]
[[simple:1978]]
[[sk:1978]]
[[sl:1978]]
[[sq:1978]]
[[sr:1978]]
[[sv:1978]]
[[sw:1978]]
[[ta:1978]]
[[te:1978]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2521]]
[[tl:1978]]
[[tr:1978]]
[[tt:1978]]
[[uk:1978]]
[[uz:1978]]
[[vec:1978]]
[[vi:1978]]
[[wa:1978]]
[[zh:1978年]]
1979
1907
7790
2006-11-26T15:31:13Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: ilo, nov, ru-sib, vi Modifying: ksh, ru
{{197X}}
[[af:1979]]
[[als:1979]]
[[an:1979]]
[[ar:1979]]
[[ast:1979]]
[[av:1979]]
[[az:1979]]
[[be:1979]]
[[bg:1979]]
[[br:1979]]
[[bs:1979]]
[[ca:1979]]
[[co:1979]]
[[cs:1979]]
[[csb:1979]]
[[cv:1979]]
[[cy:1979]]
[[da:1979]]
[[de:1979]]
[[el:1979]]
[[en:1979]]
[[eo:1979]]
[[es:1979]]
[[et:1979]]
[[eu:1979]]
[[fi:1979]]
[[fo:1979]]
[[fr:1979]]
[[fy:1979]]
[[ga:1979]]
[[gd:1979]]
[[gl:1979]]
[[he:1979]]
[[hr:1979]]
[[ht:1979 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1979]]
[[hy:1979]]
[[ia:1979]]
[[id:1979]]
[[ilo:1979]]
[[io:1979]]
[[is:1979]]
[[it:1979]]
[[ja:1979年]]
[[ka:1979]]
[[kn:೧೯೭೯]]
[[ko:1979년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1979]]
[[ku:1979]]
[[kw:1979]]
[[la:1979]]
[[lb:1979]]
[[lmo:1979]]
[[lt:1979]]
[[mk:1979]]
[[ms:1979]]
[[nap:1979]]
[[nl:1979]]
[[nn:1979]]
[[no:1979]]
[[nov:1979]]
[[nrm:1979]]
[[oc:1979]]
[[os:1979]]
[[pl:1979]]
[[pt:1979]]
[[ro:1979]]
[[ru:1979 год]]
[[ru-sib:1979]]
[[scn:1979]]
[[se:1979]]
[[simple:1979]]
[[sk:1979]]
[[sl:1979]]
[[sq:1979]]
[[sr:1979]]
[[sv:1979]]
[[sw:1979]]
[[ta:1979]]
[[te:1979]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2522]]
[[tl:1979]]
[[tr:1979]]
[[tt:1979]]
[[uk:1979]]
[[uz:1979]]
[[vec:1979]]
[[vi:1979]]
[[wa:1979]]
[[zh:1979年]]
Template:Babel-1
1908
5248
2006-01-25T21:11:34Z
Mέ†έ
57
{| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center; background-color:#FFFFFF"
|-
| '''[[Vikipediya:Babil]]'''
|-
| {{User {{{1}}}}}
|-
|}
Vikipediya:Babil
1909
5249
2006-01-25T21:13:44Z
Mέ†έ
57
#redirect[[Wikipedia:Babil]]
Wikipedia:Babil
1910
5250
2006-01-25T21:14:07Z
Mέ†έ
57
[[Category:Wikipedia]]
Template:196X
1912
5252
2006-01-25T21:17:43Z
Memty
43
<br clear=all>
<center>
{| border="0" id="toc" style="margin: 0 auto" align=center
|align=center| [[1960]] - [[1961]] - [[1962]] - [[1963]] - [[1964]] - [[1965]] - [[1966]] - [[1967]] - [[1968]] - [[1969]]
|}
</center>
1960
1913
5253
2006-01-25T21:18:58Z
Memty
43
{{196X}}
1961
1914
5254
2006-01-25T21:24:59Z
Memty
43
{{196X}}
1962
1915
5255
2006-01-25T21:32:30Z
Memty
43
{{196X}}
1963
1916
5256
2006-01-25T21:32:57Z
Memty
43
{{196X}}
1964
1917
5257
2006-01-25T21:33:18Z
Memty
43
{{196X}}
1965
1918
5258
2006-01-25T21:33:36Z
Memty
43
{{196X}}
1966
1919
5259
2006-01-25T21:34:07Z
Memty
43
{{196X}}
1967
1920
5260
2006-01-25T21:34:39Z
Memty
43
{{196X}}
1968
1921
5261
2006-01-25T21:34:52Z
Memty
43
{{196X}}
1969
1922
7802
2006-11-26T16:59:47Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: nov, ru-sib Modifying: ksh, ru
{{196X}}
[[af:1969]]
[[als:1969]]
[[am:1969 እ.ኤ.አ.]]
[[an:1969]]
[[ar:1969]]
[[ast:1969]]
[[av:1969]]
[[az:1969]]
[[be:1969]]
[[bg:1969]]
[[br:1969]]
[[bs:1969]]
[[ca:1969]]
[[co:1969]]
[[cs:1969]]
[[csb:1969]]
[[cv:1969]]
[[cy:1969]]
[[da:1969]]
[[de:1969]]
[[el:1969]]
[[en:1969]]
[[eo:1969]]
[[es:1969]]
[[et:1969]]
[[eu:1969]]
[[fi:1969]]
[[fo:1969]]
[[fr:1969]]
[[fy:1969]]
[[ga:1969]]
[[gd:1969]]
[[gl:1969]]
[[he:1969]]
[[hr:1969]]
[[ht:1969 (almanak gregoryen)]]
[[hu:1969]]
[[hy:1969]]
[[ia:1969]]
[[id:1969]]
[[io:1969]]
[[is:1969]]
[[it:1969]]
[[ja:1969年]]
[[ka:1969]]
[[kn:೧೯೬೯]]
[[ko:1969년]]
[[ksh:Joohr 1969]]
[[ku:1969]]
[[kw:1969]]
[[la:1969]]
[[lb:1969]]
[[lmo:1969]]
[[lt:1969]]
[[mk:1969]]
[[ms:1969]]
[[nap:1969]]
[[nds:1969]]
[[nl:1969]]
[[nn:1969]]
[[no:1969]]
[[nov:1969]]
[[nrm:1969]]
[[oc:1969]]
[[os:1969]]
[[pl:1969]]
[[pt:1969]]
[[ro:1969]]
[[ru:1969 год]]
[[ru-sib:1969]]
[[scn:1969]]
[[se:1969]]
[[simple:1969]]
[[sk:1969]]
[[sl:1969]]
[[sq:1969]]
[[sr:1969]]
[[sv:1969]]
[[sw:1969]]
[[ta:1969]]
[[te:1969]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2512]]
[[tl:1969]]
[[tr:1969]]
[[tt:1969]]
[[uk:1969]]
[[uz:1969]]
[[vec:1969]]
[[wa:1969]]
[[zh:1969年]]
Template:195X
1923
5263
2006-01-25T21:36:56Z
Memty
43
<br clear=all>
<center>
{| border="0" id="toc" style="margin: 0 auto" align=center
|align=center| [[1950]] - [[1951]] - [[1952]] - [[1953]] - [[1954]] - [[1955]] - [[1956]] - [[1957]] - [[1958]] - [[1959]]
|}
</center>
1950
1924
5264
2006-01-25T21:37:31Z
Memty
43
{{195X}}
1951
1925
5265
2006-01-25T21:39:10Z
Memty
43
{{195X}}
1952
1926
5266
2006-01-25T21:39:21Z
Memty
43
{{195X}}
1953
1927
5267
2006-01-25T21:39:40Z
Memty
43
{{195X}}
1954
1928
5268
2006-01-25T21:39:50Z
Memty
43
{{195X}}
1955
1929
5269
2006-01-25T21:39:59Z
Memty
43
{{195X}}
1956
1930
5270
2006-01-25T21:40:17Z
Memty
43
{{195X}}
1957
1931
5271
2006-01-25T21:41:01Z
Memty
43
{{195X}}
1958
1932
5272
2006-01-25T21:41:13Z
Memty
43
{{195X}}
1959
1933
5273
2006-01-25T21:41:28Z
Memty
43
{{195X}}
Template:194X
1934
5274
2006-01-25T21:44:02Z
Memty
43
<br clear=all>
<center>
{| border="0" id="toc" style="margin: 0 auto" align=center
|align=center| [[1940]] - [[1941]] - [[1942]] - [[1943]] - [[1944]] - [[1945]] - [[1946]] - [[1947]] - [[1948]] - [[1949]]
|}
</center>
1940
1935
8083
2006-12-08T12:16:48Z
Ga1taman
128
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1935]] | [[1936]] | [[1937]] | [[1938]] | [[1939]] | '''1940''' | [[1941]] | [[1942]] | [[1943]] | [[1944]] | [[1945]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
1941
1936
5276
2006-01-25T21:49:11Z
Memty
43
{{194X}}
1942
1937
5277
2006-01-25T21:50:00Z
Memty
43
{{194X}}
1943
1938
5278
2006-01-25T21:50:11Z
Memty
43
{{194X}}
1944
1939
5279
2006-01-25T21:57:12Z
Memty
43
{{194X}}
1945
1940
5280
2006-01-25T21:58:21Z
Memty
43
{{194X}}
1946
1941
5281
2006-01-25T21:58:44Z
Memty
43
{{194X}}
1947
1942
5282
2006-01-25T22:00:34Z
Memty
43
{{194X}}
1948
1943
5283
2006-01-25T22:00:49Z
Memty
43
{{194X}}
1949
1944
5284
2006-01-25T22:02:34Z
Memty
43
{{194X}}
Absar
1946
5314
2006-02-06T22:56:11Z
Ugur Basak
30
Kullanıcı:Absar
1947
5598
2006-05-17T13:57:08Z
Absar
58
Lebap
1948
7011
2006-10-18T12:43:57Z
Mustafa Akalp
120
{{Template:Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları}}
Težen
1950
5341
2006-02-22T00:11:50Z
Parahat
8
[[Težen]] moved to [[Tejen]]: Turkmen dilini bilmeyanler yazmasin!
#REDIRECT [[Tejen]]
Template:Babel-9
1951
5343
2006-02-23T11:07:49Z
Gangleri
39
from [[template:Babel-6]]
{| style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px; text-align: center; background-color:#FFFFFF"
|-
| '''[[Vikipediya:Babil]]'''
|-
| {{User {{{1}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{2}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{3}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{4}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{5}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{6}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{7}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{8}}}}}
|-
| {{User {{{9}}}}}
|-
|}
MediaWiki:Allmessagesfilter
1952
sysop
5434
2006-03-28T06:46:58Z
MediaWiki default
Message name filter:
MediaWiki:Allmessagesmodified
1953
sysop
5346
2006-02-26T02:09:50Z
MediaWiki default
Show only modified
MediaWiki:Anoneditwarning
1954
sysop
5943
2006-07-01T19:13:02Z
MediaWiki default
'''Warning:''' You are not logged in. Your IP address will be recorded in this page's edit history.
MediaWiki:Anonnotice
1955
sysop
5350
2006-02-26T02:09:50Z
MediaWiki default
-
MediaWiki:Confirmedittext
1956
sysop
5356
2006-02-26T02:09:50Z
MediaWiki default
You must confirm your e-mail address before editing pages. Please set and validate your e-mail address through your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]].
MediaWiki:Confirmedittitle
1957
sysop
5357
2006-02-26T02:09:50Z
MediaWiki default
E-mail confirmation required to edit
MediaWiki:Delete and move confirm
1958
sysop
5358
2006-02-26T02:09:50Z
MediaWiki default
Yes, delete the page
MediaWiki:Exportnohistory
1959
sysop
5969
2006-07-01T19:13:03Z
MediaWiki default
----
'''Note:''' Exporting the full history of pages through this form has been disabled due to performance reasons.
MediaWiki:Listredirects
1960
sysop
5362
2006-02-26T02:09:51Z
MediaWiki default
List redirects
MediaWiki:Longpageerror
1961
sysop
5363
2006-02-26T02:09:51Z
MediaWiki default
<strong>ERROR: The text you have submitted is $1 kilobytes
long, which is longer than the maximum of $2 kilobytes. It cannot be saved.</strong>
MediaWiki:Markedaspatrollederror
1962
sysop
5366
2006-02-26T02:09:51Z
MediaWiki default
Cannot mark as patrolled
MediaWiki:Markedaspatrollederrortext
1963
sysop
5367
2006-02-26T02:09:51Z
MediaWiki default
You need to specify a revision to mark as patrolled.
MediaWiki:Newtalkseperator
1964
sysop
5369
2006-02-26T02:09:51Z
MediaWiki default
,_
MediaWiki:Rc categories
1965
sysop
5374
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Limit to categories (separate with "|")
MediaWiki:Rc categories any
1966
sysop
5375
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Any
MediaWiki:Restriction-edit
1967
sysop
5376
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Edit
MediaWiki:Restriction-move
1968
sysop
5377
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Move
MediaWiki:Semiprotectedpagewarning
1969
sysop
5380
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
'''Note:''' This page has been locked so that only registered users can edit it.
MediaWiki:Showlivepreview
1970
sysop
5383
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Live preview
MediaWiki:Spam blanking
1971
sysop
5385
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
All revisions contained links to $1, blanking
MediaWiki:Spam reverting
1972
sysop
5386
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Reverting to last version not containing links to $1
MediaWiki:Spambot username
1973
sysop
5387
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
MediaWiki spam cleanup
MediaWiki:Thumbnail error
1974
sysop
5390
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Error creating thumbnail: $1
MediaWiki:Tog-uselivepreview
1975
sysop
5391
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
Use live preview (JavaScript) (Experimental)
MediaWiki:Uploaddisabledtext
1976
sysop
5394
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
File uploads are disabled on this wiki.
MediaWiki:Userinvalidcssjstitle
1977
sysop
5395
2006-02-26T02:09:52Z
MediaWiki default
'''Warning:''' There is no skin "$1". Remember that custom .css and .js pages use a lowercase title, e.g. User:Foo/monobook.css as opposed to User:Foo/Monobook.css.
MediaWiki:Youhavenewmessagesmulti
1978
sysop
5397
2006-02-26T02:09:53Z
MediaWiki default
You have new messages on $1
Kahramanmaraş
1979
6674
2006-09-23T14:46:07Z
Absar
58
'''Kahramanmaraş''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Template:User ru-1
1981
5409
2006-03-02T10:29:09Z
203.240.254.231
<div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Russian language|ru]]-1'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Этот участник владеет '''[[:Category:User ru|русским языком]]''' на '''[[:Category:User ru-1|начальном уровне]]'''. [[Category:User ru|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ru-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}</div>
Category:User ru-1
1982
5410
2006-03-02T10:30:00Z
203.240.254.231
[[Category:User ru]]
Category:User ru
1983
7087
2006-10-23T20:53:13Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[ru-sib:Category:User ru]]
[[Category:Ulanyjy dilleri|ru]]
[[als:Kategorie:User ru]]
[[ar:تصنيف:مستخدم ru]]
[[ast:Categoría:Usuarios por idioma - Rusu]]
[[az:Kateqoriya:User ru]]
[[be:Катэгорыя:User ru]]
[[bg:Категория:Потребител ru]]
[[br:Rummad:Implijer ru]]
[[bs:Kategorija:User ru]]
[[ca:Categoria:Usuaris per idioma - русский язык]]
[[ce:Категория:User ru]]
[[cs:Kategorie:User ru]]
[[cy:Categori:User ru]]
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[[su:Kategori:User ru]]
[[sv:Kategori:Användare ru]]
[[th:หมวดหมู่:User ru]]
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[[zh:Category:Ru 使用者]]
Olvi
1984
5413
2006-03-04T20:15:07Z
193.140.214.72
Turkmen dilinde dal
Wikipedia:Yardım
1985
5414
2006-03-04T21:45:14Z
81.215.66.185
türkmenistan web sitelerine nasıl ulaşırım
Mardin
1988
6866
2006-09-30T13:40:35Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Mardin Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Mardin şäheri]]
'''Mardin''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[ar:ماردين]]
[[az:Mardin (vilayət)]]
[[de:Mardin (Provinz)]]
[[en:Mardin Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Mardin]]
[[fr:Mardin (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Mardin]]
[[ku:Mêrdîn]]
[[nl:Mardin (provincie)]]
[[pt:Mardin (província)]]
[[sv:Mardin (provins)]]
[[tr:Mardin (il)]]
[[zh:马尔丁省]]
Amasya
1989
6708
2006-09-24T11:56:03Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Amasya Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Amasya şäheri]]
'''Amasya''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Amasya (vilayət)]]
[[cs:Amasyjská provincie]]
[[de:Amasya (Provinz)]]
[[en:Amasya Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Amasya]]
[[fr:Amasya (province)]]
[[hu:Amasya (tartomány)]]
[[id:Provinsi Amasya]]
[[it:Provincia di Amasya]]
[[nl:Amasya (provincie)]]
[[pt:Amasya (província)]]
[[sv:Amasya (provins)]]
[[tr:Amasya (il)]]
[[zh:阿马西亚省]]
MediaWiki:Articletitles
1990
sysop
5435
2006-03-28T06:46:59Z
MediaWiki default
Articles starting with ''$1''
MediaWiki:Editsectionhint
1991
sysop
5436
2006-03-28T06:47:00Z
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Edit section: $1
MediaWiki:Hideresults
1992
sysop
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2006-03-28T06:47:01Z
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1993
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5441
2006-03-28T06:47:01Z
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1994
sysop
5442
2006-03-28T06:47:01Z
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MediaWiki:Rev-deleted-comment
1995
sysop
5444
2006-03-28T06:47:02Z
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MediaWiki:Rev-deleted-text-permission
1996
sysop
5445
2006-03-28T06:47:02Z
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1997
sysop
5446
2006-03-28T06:47:02Z
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1998
sysop
5447
2006-03-28T06:47:02Z
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1999
sysop
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2006-03-28T06:47:02Z
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2000
sysop
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2006-03-28T06:47:02Z
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2001
sysop
5450
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2002
sysop
5451
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2003
sysop
5452
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2004
sysop
5453
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2005
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5454
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2006
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2007
sysop
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2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2008
sysop
5457
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2009
sysop
5458
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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MediaWiki:Revisiondelete
2010
sysop
5459
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2011
sysop
5460
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2012
sysop
5461
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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MediaWiki:Tog-autopatrol
2013
sysop
5464
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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Mark edits I make as patrolled
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2014
sysop
5465
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2015
sysop
5466
2006-03-28T06:47:03Z
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2016
sysop
5469
2006-03-28T06:47:04Z
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2017
sysop
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MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-el
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MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-jc
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MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-jl
2020
sysop
5473
2006-03-28T06:47:04Z
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Ankara
2024
6673
2006-09-23T14:45:43Z
Absar
58
'''Ankara''' Türkiýeniň paýtagtydyr. Ankara Mustafa Kemal Ataturk tarapyndan paytagt edildi. Ankaranyn ady belli yerleri sulardyr: Ulus, Kizilay, Bahcelievler, Besevler, Kecioren, Cankaya, Batikent.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Din
2025
5487
2006-04-01T17:51:46Z
213.159.246.232
Иман хакында ин ваҗып маглуматлар.
Ыслам келемеси - “Аш-Шәхәдәтән”
Әхли мүкәлләфлер Ыслам динини кабул этмелидирлер ве өзлериниң дини борчларыны ерине етирип, өз иманыны өмрүнин сонкы гүнүне ченли оны диндан чыкарып билжек әхли дүшүнҗелерден, сөзлерден, ишлерден - херекетлерден горап сакламалыдыр. Хер бир мукәлләфиң хөкманы билмели ве хер хилли ягдайларда-да бүтүнлейин ынанмалы борчларының ичинде Ыслам келемеси хем бардыр. Эгер мүкәлләф капыр болса онда ол ики саны Ыслам келемесини йүрекден мусулман болмак ниети билен айтмалыдыр. Эгер мүкәлләф мусулман болса онда ол Намаз оканда Ыслам келемесини айтмалыдыр.
Ыслам шәхәдеси:
أشْهَدُ أن لا إلهَ إلاّ اللّه وَأشْهَدُ أنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسولُ اللّه
/Әшhәду аллә иләhә иллаллаh уэ ашhәду анна Мухаммадар-росулуллаh/
Манысы: “Мен Аллаhдан башга Худайын ёкдыгына ве Мухаммед (Абул-Гасим ) Онун Пыхамберидигини билйэрин, йурегим билен ынанярын, ве дилим билен айдярын”.
Биринжи келемәнин манысы:
أشْهَدُ أن لا إلهَ إلاّ اللّه
Әшhәду әллә иләhә иллаллаh
Мен Аллаhдан башга хич киме ве хич бир барлыклара тагзым этмели дэлдигине, ягны Аллаhдан башга хич кимиң хич бир барлыгың тагзым этмеклиге мынасып дэлдигине, Онун Бир – Екетәк Ярадыжыдыгына, Онун бар болмагының башлангычсыз ве сонсыздыгына ягны Эбедидигине, Диридигине, хич киме, хич зада мәәч дәлдигине, әхли барлклары Онун берйәндигине, әхли затларың Оңа аяндыгына, әхли затларың Онун эркиндедигине ве гудратынын чәксиздигини, ислендик иши амала ашыряндыгыны билйэрин, йурегим билен ынанярын ве дилим билен айдярын”. Аллаhың ислэни болды, ислмедиги болан дэлдир. Гунә ишден сакланмак ве өз борчларыңы ерине етирмек диңе Онун эмри билендир ве Ондан башга хич кимден дәлдир. Онда ин онат Сыпатлар бардыр ве олар диңе Аллаhа махсусдыр хем-де Ол әхли ногсанлыклардан азатдыр.
Аллаh ялы хич бир зат ёкдур. Ол әхли затлары гөрйэндир ве эшидйэндир. Аллаh бакыдыр ве Ондан башга әхли затларың бар болмагының башлангыңҗы бардыр. Аллаh Ярадыҗыдыр. Әхли барлыклар Аллаh тарапындан ярадыландыр. Өрән кичи атомдан башлап, әпет улы Ал-Арша ченли әхли жанлы ве жансыз барлыклар, әхли ишлер, гымылды-херекет, дынчлык, хатда ниет этмек ве ислемедик пикирлериң гелмеги хем Аллаh тарапындан дөредилендир ве Ондан башга хич ким Ярадыҗы дәлдир. Аллаh – Екетәк Ярадыҗыдыр. Ни тебигат ни башга бир себәп ярадыҗы дәлдир. Әхли барлыклар Аллаhың Эрки, Гудраты, Онун кесгитлемеги, Бакы Билмеги боюнча йузе чыкандыр. Аллаh хич затдан әхли зады доредендир. Дөретмек дине Аллаhа махсусдыр.
Курханда айдылан:
وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ
/уә холәко күллә шэйин/
(Ал-Фуркан сурәниң 2-нҗи аяды)
Манысы: Аллаh әхли барлыклары Ярадандыр. Аллаh – Екетәк Ярадыҗыдыр.
Шейле хем Курханда айдылан:
هَلْ مِنْ خَالِقٍ غَيْرُ اللّه
/hәль мин холикын гойруллоh/
(Фатер сурәниң 3-нжи аяды)
Манысы: Аллаhдан башга Ярадыҗы екдур.
Ан-Насафи имам айтды:
فَإذَا ضَرَبَ إنْسَانٌ زُجَاجًا بِحَجَرٍ فَكَسَرَهُ, فَالضَّرْبُ وَالكَسْرُ وَالانْكِسَارُ بِخَلْقِ اللّهِ تَعَالى, فَلَيْسَ لِلْعَبْدِ إلاّ الكَسْبُ, وَأمَّا الخَلْقُ فَلَيْسَ لِغَيْرِ الله
Фа-иза доробэ инсанун зуджяджян би-хаджярин фэкясэроhу, фэддорбу уэль-кясру уэль-инкисару би-халкилляhи та’аля, фэляйса лиль-‘абди илляль-кясбу, уэ аммаль-халку фэляйса лигойрилляh|
Манысы: “ Эгер кимдир бири айна даш зыңса ве өл довулсе, дашын зыңылмагыны, онуң айна дегмегини, ве онун дөвулмегини Аллаh дөредендир” Ынсан диңе Аллаhың дөреден херекетлерине эе боляр. Аллаhдан башга хич ким дөредип билмейәр.
Курханда айдылан:
لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ
ляhа ма касабат уэ ‘аляйhа мактасабат
( Ал-Бакар сурәниң 286-нжи аяды)
Манысы: «Ынсан эмеллериниң нетиҗеси хайыр болса согаба лайык болар, эмма онуң эмеллериниң нетиҗеси шер болса Аллаhың азабына лайык болар».
Аллаhың сөзлейши әхли сыпатлары ялы эбедидир. Себәби Аллаh өз яраданларына меңзеш дәлдир ве аслында-да, ишинде-де, Сыпатында-да олар ялы дәлдир. Кәфирлериң Оңа йөңкейән ногсанлыкларының әхлисинден екары Аллаhа шүкүр.
Бу ёкардакы айдыланлары Курханда сөзме-сөз я-да манысы боюнча гайталанып душ гелйән он үч саны Аллаhың Сыфатлары хем тассыклаяр:
Барлыгы ( الوجود )
Екетәклик ( الوحدانية )
Эбедилигиниң башлангычсызлыгы ( القدم )
Соңсуз барлык (البقاء )
Өз-өзунден бар болмаклыгы (Аллаh бар болмаклыгы учин хич киме ве хич зада мэтэч дэлдир) ( القيام بنفسه)
Гудраты (القدرة )
Эрки (الإرادة )
Әхли затлары билмеги (العلم )
Эшдиши (السمع)
Гөрмеги (البصر)
Дирилиги (الحياة)
Сөзлейши (الكلام)
Ярадыланлардан тапавутлылыгы (المخالفة للحوادث).
Аллаhын бу он үч Сыпатлары Курханда хас көп душ гелйәндиги учин Ыслам алымлары “Булары хер бир мүкәлләфиң билмегини” талап этдилер. Аллаhың Эбедидиги субут эдилен. Диймек мундан Онуң Сыпатларының хем Эбедилиги гелип чыкяр. Себәби кимде ярадыланларың Сыпатлары бар болса, онда Онун ози хем ярадыландыр.
Икинжи шәхәдәнин манысы:
وَأشْهَدُ أنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسولُ اللّه
/уә әшhәду әннә Мухаммадар-росулуллаh/
Абдуллаhың оглы, Абдул–Муталлибиң оглы, hәшимиң оглы ве Абд – Мәнэфиниң оглы, Курейш тайпасындан, Мекгеде доглан Мухаммедиң бутин дүнйә ве жынлара иберилен Аллаhың бендеси ве Ресулдыгына мен ынанярын, билйәрин ве дилим билен тассыклярын. Шейле хем муңа онуң Мекгеде догулып шол ерде хем Пыгамберлигиниң башланандыгына, соңра Мединә гөчүп шол ерде хем ерленендигине ынанмак хем гирйәр. Бу келемә Пыгамбериң Аллаhдан бизе етиренлериниң, ягны: гөрдәки азап ве мәхириң, гөрде Мункәр ве Нәкир Перишделериң сораг этмегиниң өлүлериң дирелдилмегиниң, оларын жемленмегиниң, Кыямат гунуниң, Хасабадың, Шепагатың, Терезиниң, Коприниң, Ховданың, Женнедиң, Довзахың, О дунйэде шекилсиз, хич бир орун эелемейән Аллаhы өз гөзүң билен гөрмегиң, мусулманларың женнетде ве капырларың Довзахда болмаклыгың бакыдыгына болан ынам хем гирйэр.
Аллаhың Перишделерине, Пыгамберлерине ве Мукаддес китапларына ве Мухаммедиң сонкы Пыгамбердигине хем-де Адам Пыгамбериң несиллериниң ичинде онуң иң эзизидигине ынанмак (ынам, иман хайсысы) хем хөкмандыр.
Аллаhың әхли Пыгамберлериниң хакыкатчыл, акыллы, зехинли ве оларың хич бириниң яланчы, кеззап, еңилкелле, беззат, икийузли ве кемакыл дәлдигине хем ынанмагымыз герекдир. Пыгамберлериң хер бири Пыгамберликден өң ве соң күфүрлериң әхли гөрнүшлеринден, улы ве кичи гунәлерден гораландыр. Бейлеки кичи гүнәлери эден ягдайларында ынсанларың, Оларың ызына эермеклеринден өң тоба этмелидиги хакында дуйдурыш алярлар.
Шонун үчүн хем бу ерден Биняминден башга Юсуп Пыгамбериң доганларына Пыгамберлик берилмәндиги гелип чыкяр. Себәби олар хыянат этдилер. Йөне Онун агтыкларының ичинде Пыгамберлер болупдыр.
Türkmienistan Soviet Socialistik Riespublikasy
2026
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2006-04-04T21:26:11Z
86.212.233.251
Türkmenistan Sowet Sotsialistik Respublikasy
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Türkmienistan Soviet Socialistik Riespublikasy (Türkmienistan SSR) (Orsça; Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика)
Elipbiý tertibinde
Aşgabat
Baýramaly
Çärjew
Daşhowuz
Kaka
Krasnovodsk
Mary
Nebitdag
Köneürgenç
Tejen
Türkmenabat
[edit]
Türkmienistan
Türkmienistan
Retrieved from "http://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkmenistan_Sowet_Sotsialistik_Respublikasy"
Category: Türkmienistan
Main Page
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2006-04-14T09:27:20Z
Memty
43
[[Main Page]] moved to [[Baş Sahypa]]
#REDIRECT [[Baş Sahypa]]
Ghana
2031
8348
2006-12-20T14:12:08Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Adding: [[ast:Ghana]], [[bo:ཀ་ན]], [[frp:Gana]]
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Ghana'''<br/>'''Republic of Ghana'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Ghana.svg|125px|Ghana baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Ghana coa.gif|100px|Ghana gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Ghana baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Ghana gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationGhana.png]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Accra]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[John Agyekum Kufuor]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Inlisçe]], [[Ga dili|Ga]], [[Twi dili|Twi]], [[Ewe dili|Ewe]], [[Dagbani dili|Dagbani]], [[Fante dili|Fante]], ...
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Ghana gimni|God Bless Our Homeland Ghana]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 238 540 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 4 952 081<br/> 9,4/km²
|-
| '''[[Garaşsyzlyk]]'''
| [[6 Nowruz]], [[1957]]
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Cedi]]
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +5
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| 233
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .gh
|}
'''Ghana''', bir [[döwlet]] ([[respublika]]) [[Afrika]]'da.
[[Category:Ghana]]
[[Category:Afrika]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[af:Ghana]]
[[am:ጋና]]
[[an:Ghana]]
[[ar:غانا]]
[[ast:Ghana]]
[[bg:Гана]]
[[bo:ཀ་ན]]
[[bs:Gana]]
[[ca:Ghana]]
[[cs:Ghana]]
[[cy:Ghana]]
[[da:Ghana]]
[[de:Ghana]]
[[el:Γκάνα]]
[[en:Ghana]]
[[eo:Ganao]]
[[es:Ghana]]
[[et:Ghana]]
[[eu:Ghana]]
[[fa:غنا]]
[[fi:Ghana]]
[[fr:Ghana]]
[[frp:Gana]]
[[gl:Gana - Ghana]]
[[he:גאנה]]
[[hi:घाना]]
[[hr:Gana]]
[[hu:Ghána]]
[[id:Ghana]]
[[ilo:Ghana]]
[[io:Ghana]]
[[is:Gana]]
[[it:Ghana]]
[[ja:ガーナ]]
[[ka:განა]]
[[ko:가나]]
[[ku:Gana]]
[[kw:Ghana]]
[[la:Ghana]]
[[li:Ghana]]
[[lt:Gana]]
[[lv:Gana]]
[[mk:Гана]]
[[ml:ഘാന]]
[[ms:Ghana]]
[[na:Ghana]]
[[nds:Ghana]]
[[nl:Ghana]]
[[nn:Ghana]]
[[no:Ghana]]
[[oc:Ghana]]
[[pam:Ghana]]
[[pl:Ghana]]
[[ps:ګانا]]
[[pt:Gana]]
[[ro:Ghana]]
[[ru:Гана]]
[[scn:Gana]]
[[sh:Gana]]
[[simple:Ghana]]
[[sk:Ghana]]
[[sl:Gana]]
[[sq:Gana]]
[[sr:Гана]]
[[sv:Ghana]]
[[sw:Ghana]]
[[tet:Gana]]
[[tg:Гана]]
[[th:ประเทศกานา]]
[[tl:Ghana]]
[[tr:Gana]]
[[tw:Ghana]]
[[ug:گانا]]
[[uk:Гана]]
[[vi:Ghana]]
[[vo:Ganän]]
[[wa:Gana]]
[[zh:加纳]]
[[zh-min-nan:Ghana]]
Nigeria
2032
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2006-12-19T14:06:15Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[frp:Nig·èria]] Modifying: [[fr:Nigeria]]
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Nigeria'''<br/>'''Republic of Nigeria'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Nigeria.svg|125px|Nigeria baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Nigeria coa.gif|100px|Nigeria gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Nigeria baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Nigeria gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationNigeria.png]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Abuja]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Inlisçe]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Nigeria gimni|Arise O Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 923 768 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 128 771 988<br/> 139/km²
|-
| '''[[Garaşsyzlyk]]'''
| [[1 Oktýabr]], [[1960]]
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Naira]]
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +1<br/>[[UTC]] +2
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| 234
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .ng
|}
'''Nigeria''', bir [[döwlet]] ([[respublika]]) [[Afrika]]'da.
[[Category:Nigeria]]
[[Category:Afrika]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[af:Nigerië]]
[[am:ናይጄሪያ]]
[[an:Nicheria]]
[[ang:Nigeria]]
[[ar:نيجيريا]]
[[ast:Nixeria]]
[[bg:Нигерия]]
[[bn:নাইজেরিয়া]]
[[br:Nigeria]]
[[bs:Nigerija]]
[[ca:Nigèria]]
[[cs:Nigérie]]
[[cv:Нигери]]
[[cy:Nigeria]]
[[da:Nigeria]]
[[de:Nigeria]]
[[el:Νιγηρία]]
[[en:Nigeria]]
[[eo:Niĝerio]]
[[es:Nigeria]]
[[et:Nigeeria]]
[[eu:Nigeria]]
[[fa:نیجریه]]
[[fi:Nigeria]]
[[fr:Nigeria]]
[[frp:Nig·èria]]
[[ga:An Nigéir]]
[[gd:Nigeria]]
[[gl:Nixeria - Nigeria]]
[[he:ניגריה]]
[[hi:नाइजीरिया]]
[[hr:Nigerija]]
[[ht:Nijerya]]
[[hu:Nigéria]]
[[id:Nigeria]]
[[ilo:Nigeria]]
[[io:Nigeria]]
[[is:Nígería]]
[[it:Nigeria]]
[[ja:ナイジェリア]]
[[ka:ნიგერია]]
[[kg:Nizeria]]
[[ko:나이지리아]]
[[kw:Nijeri]]
[[la:Nigeria]]
[[li:Nigeria]]
[[lt:Nigerija]]
[[lv:Nigērija]]
[[mk:Нигерија]]
[[ms:Nigeria]]
[[nds:Nigeria]]
[[nl:Nigeria]]
[[nn:Nigeria]]
[[no:Nigeria]]
[[oc:Nigèria]]
[[pam:Nigeria]]
[[pl:Nigeria]]
[[pt:Nigéria]]
[[ro:Nigeria]]
[[ru:Нигерия]]
[[rw:Nijeriya]]
[[sh:Nigerija]]
[[simple:Nigeria]]
[[sk:Nigéria]]
[[sl:Nigerija]]
[[sq:Nigeria]]
[[sr:Нигерија]]
[[sv:Nigeria]]
[[sw:Nigeria]]
[[ta:நைஜீரியா]]
[[tg:Ниҷерия]]
[[th:ประเทศไนจีเรีย]]
[[tl:Nigeria]]
[[to:Naisīlia]]
[[tr:Nijerya]]
[[ug:نىگېرىيە]]
[[uk:Ніґерія]]
[[vi:Nigeria]]
[[wa:Nidjeria]]
[[xh:ENigeria]]
[[yo:Nigeria]]
[[zh:奈及利亞]]
[[zh-classical:尼日利亞]]
[[zh-min-nan:Nigeria]]
[[zh-yue:尼日利亞]]
Mali
2033
7996
2006-12-01T13:47:25Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: bn, cy, ga, hy, ilo, ka, tg
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Mali'''<br/>'''République du Mali'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Mali.svg|125px|Mali baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Mali coa.png|100px|Mali gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Mali baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Mali gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationMali.png]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Bamako]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Amadou Toumani Touré]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Fransuzça]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Mali gimni|Pour l'Afrique et pour toi, Mali]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 1 240 278 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 12 291 529<br/> 9/km²
|-
| '''[[Garaşsyzlyk]]'''
| [[22 Ruhnama]], [[1960]]
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[CFA franc]]
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +0<br/>[[UTC]] +1
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| 223
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .ml
|}
'''Mali''', bir [[döwlet]] ([[respublika]]) [[Afrika]]'da.
[[Category:Mali]]
[[Category:Afrika]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[af:Mali]]
[[am:ማሊ]]
[[an:Mali]]
[[ar:مالي]]
[[bg:Мали]]
[[bm:Mali]]
[[bn:মালি]]
[[bs:Mali]]
[[ca:Mali]]
[[cs:Mali]]
[[cy:Mali]]
[[da:Mali]]
[[de:Mali]]
[[el:Μάλι]]
[[en:Mali]]
[[eo:Malio]]
[[es:Malí]]
[[et:Mali]]
[[eu:Mali]]
[[fa:مالی]]
[[ff:Maali]]
[[fi:Mali]]
[[fr:Mali]]
[[ga:Mailí]]
[[gl:Malí - Mali]]
[[he:מאלי]]
[[hr:Mali]]
[[hu:Mali]]
[[hy:Մալի]]
[[id:Mali]]
[[ilo:Mali]]
[[io:Mali]]
[[is:Malí]]
[[it:Mali]]
[[ja:マリ共和国]]
[[ka:მალი]]
[[ko:말리]]
[[ks:Mālī]]
[[kw:Mali]]
[[li:Mali]]
[[lt:Malis]]
[[lv:Mali]]
[[mk:Мали]]
[[ms:Mali]]
[[nds:Mali]]
[[nl:Mali]]
[[nn:Mali]]
[[no:Mali]]
[[oc:Mali]]
[[pam:Mali]]
[[pl:Mali]]
[[pt:Mali]]
[[ro:Mali]]
[[ru:Мали]]
[[sa:माली]]
[[sh:Mali]]
[[simple:Mali]]
[[sk:Mali]]
[[sl:Mali]]
[[sq:Mali]]
[[sr:Мали]]
[[sv:Mali]]
[[sw:Mali]]
[[tg:Малӣ]]
[[th:ประเทศมาลี]]
[[tl:Mali]]
[[tr:Mali]]
[[uk:Малі]]
[[vi:Mali]]
[[zh:马里共和国]]
[[zh-min-nan:Mali]]
Category:Afrika
2035
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2006-12-22T18:57:23Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[zh-classical:Category:阿非利加洲]]
'''Afrika'''
[[Afrika]]
<!-- [[tk:Category:Afrika]] -->
[[af:Kategorie:Afrika]]
[[an:Categoría:Africa]]
[[ar:تصنيف:أفريقيا]]
[[ast:Categoría:África]]
[[be:Катэгорыя:Афрыка]]
[[bg:Категория:Африка]]
[[bs:Kategorija:Afrika]]
[[ca:Categoria:Àfrica]]
[[co:Category:Africa]]
[[cs:Kategorie:Afrika]]
[[cy:Categori:Affrica]]
[[da:Kategori:Afrika]]
[[de:Kategorie:Afrika]]
[[el:Κατηγορία:Αφρική]]
[[en:Category:Africa]]
[[eo:Kategorio:Afriko]]
[[es:Categoría:África]]
[[et:Kategooria:Aafrika]]
[[eu:Kategoria:Afrika]]
[[fa:رده:آفریقا]]
[[fi:Luokka:Afrikka]]
[[fo:Bólkur:Afrika]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Afrique]]
[[frp:Category:Africa]]
[[fy:Kategory:Afrika]]
[[gl:Category:África]]
[[he:קטגוריה:אפריקה]]
[[hi:श्रेणी:अफ़्रीका]]
[[hr:Kategorija:Afrika]]
[[hu:Kategória:Afrika]]
[[id:Kategori:Afrika]]
[[io:Category:Afrika]]
[[is:Flokkur:Afríka]]
[[it:Categoria:Africa]]
[[ja:Category:アフリカ]]
[[ka:კატეგორია:აფრიკა]]
[[kg:Category:Afelika]]
[[ko:분류:아프리카]]
[[kw:Category:Afrika]]
[[la:Categoria:Africa]]
[[lb:Category:Afrika]]
[[li:Kategorie:Afrika]]
[[ln:Category:Afrika]]
[[lv:Kategorija:Āfrika]]
[[mk:Категорија:Африка]]
[[ms:Kategori:Afrika]]
[[na:Category:Africa]]
[[nap:Categoria:Africa]]
[[nds:Kategorie:Afrika]]
[[nl:Categorie:Afrika]]
[[nn:Kategori:Afrika]]
[[no:Kategori:Afrika]]
[[oc:Categoria:Africa]]
[[os:Категори:Африкæ]]
[[pl:Kategoria:Afryka]]
[[pt:Categoria:África]]
[[ro:Categorie:Africa]]
[[ru:Категория:Африка]]
[[scn:Category:Africa]]
[[se:Category:Afrihkká]]
[[sh:Category:Afrika]]
[[simple:Category:Africa]]
[[sk:Kategória:Afrika]]
[[sl:Kategorija:Afrika]]
[[so:Category:Afrika]]
[[sq:Category:Afrikë]]
[[sr:Категорија:Африка]]
[[sv:Kategori:Afrika]]
[[sw:Category:Afrika]]
[[ta:பகுப்பு:ஆப்பிரிக்கா]]
[[th:หมวดหมู่:ทวีปแอฟริกา]]
[[tr:Kategori:Afrika]]
[[uk:Категорія:Африка]]
[[vi:Thể loại:Châu Phi]]
[[xh:Category:Afrika]]
[[zh:Category:非洲]]
[[zh-classical:Category:阿非利加洲]]
[[zh-min-nan:Category:Hui-chiu]]
[[zh-yue:Category:非洲]]
Kino sungaty
2037
5559
2006-04-27T05:06:36Z
193.251.135.125
[[Kino sungatynda yz galdyran sahsyyetler]]<br>
[[Turkmen filmlerinin ady]]<br>
Kino sungatynda yz galdyran sahsyyetler
2038
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2006-09-22T10:33:56Z
193.251.135.125
[[Alty Garliyew]]<br>
[[Ata Dowletow]]<br>
[[Gulluk Hojayew]]<br>
[[Sary Garriyew]]<br>
[[Bazar Amanow]]<br>
[[Aman Gulmammedow]]<br>
[[Meret Atahanow]]<br>
[[Sabyr Atayewa]]<br>
[[Wepa Myradow]]<br>
[[Sona Myradowa]]<br>
[[Suray Myradowa]]<br>
[[Aysoltan Berdiyewa]]<br>
[[Nurjemal Durdiyewa]]<br>
[[Baba Annanow]]<br>
[[Artyk Jalliyew]]<br>
[[Hommat Mulluk]]<br>
[[Maya Aymedowa]]<br>
[[Durdy Saparow]]<br>
[[Akmyrat Basimow]]<br>
[[Hojow Owezgelenow]]<br>
[[Muhammet Cerkezow]]<br>
[[Yusup Kuliyew]]<br>
Surat
2041
5582
2006-05-09T19:50:20Z
193.140.214.72
biderek
Zergeisterung
2042
5592
2006-05-17T09:15:49Z
Ahoerstemeier
75
delete
{{delete}}
Current events
2044
6748
2006-09-24T13:40:43Z
Absar
58
Vad i helvete är det här, någon jaevla n00bsida?!?
Türkiye'den Türkmen kardeşlere selam.--[[User:Absar|Absar]] 13:52, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
Hemme illeşlere salam!
Men hem bu işe goşant goşasym gelyär.
== [[meta:BiDi workgroup]] ==
<div dir="ltr" >
[http://lisunoff.info lisunoff]
* Halló! Please take a look at [[meta:BiDi workgroup]] and a [[meta:BiDi workgroup/To-do#nominations]]. Best regards
: [[User:Gangleri|Gangleri]] 19:42, 18 January 2006 (UTC)
</div>
== Turkmen alphabet ==
Hi there,
I've got a couple of questions about the new Latin Turkmen Alphabet:
#How well is it received in Turkmenistan? Are the people acutally using it? Are there newspapers printed in it? When people leave notes or send letters to each other, do they use it or do the still use the Cyrillic one? And the schoolchildren - are they learning the old Cyrillic alphabet at all?
#Is there anyone who thinks that using the letters ý and y is quite confusing? Is there anyone who thinks that it should have been y an ı like in Turkish and Azeri?
If those of you who write the Turkmen wikipedia think that it's a good idea, maybe you can just rebel and write it with y an ı? There aren't many Turkmen language websites anyway so you could create the new standard.
Think about it ...--[[User:Amire80|Amire80]] 08:47, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
== Түркмен ==
The name of your language on Interwiki links appears as تركمن / Туркмен.
Shouldn't it be Түркмен or Türkmen?--[[User:Amire80|Amire80]] 21:29, 17 April 2006 (UTC)
: Yes Түркмен is correct if you write with cryllic turkmen alphabet. But it is obsolete now. So it must be Türkmen. [[User:Parahat|Parahat]] 13.06.2006 - 17:59 (GMT+2)
==Türkçe==
Selam arkadaşlar. Türkiye Türkçe'siyle yazdığım için lütfen af edin!
Ben Türkmen-Vikipediasında yardım etmek istiyorum. Maalesef Türkmen Türkçe'sini yazamıyorum. Onun için size birşey sormak istiyorum. Ben yeni şeyleri Türkiye Türkçe'sinde yazsam, burada Türkmen Türkçe'si yazabilen biriside gerekli değiştirmeleri yapsa, kusura bakan olur mu? -Aquilion [[User:84.190.118.58|84.190.118.58]] 12:46, 24 May 2006 (UTC)
: Kusura bakan olur. Bir Türkmen olarak burada sadece resmi Türkmence (Türkmenistan) ile yazılmasını isterim.
Niye? [[:uz:|Uzbek Wikipediyasi]] da soyle yukselmis. Bu size iyi bir sans. Let people help you. [[:uz:user:abdulla|Abdulla]]
==Peace Corps wiki project==
Hi, I will be coming to Turkmenistan in October as a Peace Corps volunteer. I am thinking of setting up some type of wiki-based project to produce pedagogical materials, for English langauge as well as (perhaps) general materials in Turkmen, as I understand there is a lack of textbooks in all areas. My idea is to create a system that is as independent of the Internet and other information technology as possible, so it can be easily used in all regions of the country. Perhaps a centralized local wikipedia running on a single computer or network, which would allow the collaborative gathering and publishing of information without relying on Internet access. This could then be distributed to more remote areas in the form of CD-ROMs or printed materials, while materials and corrections could be submitted via e-mail or even on paper.
If anyone can help offer some practical or technical guidance on this subject, or if something similar is already in the works, please let me know! One possiblity would be arranging to publish the contents of the Turkmen Wikipedia for school use, as has been done in English. Unfortunately I can barely say "hello" in Turkmen yet so I can't really assess how extensive or high-quality the content is, but it's surely better than nothing. I plan to take some standalone version of English Wikipedia with me for my own personal use and for English teaching materials, but while researching this idea I came up with this broader plan. Please be in touch if you are interested. Also, if this is the wrong place for this kind of essage, please move or delete it and tell me where to go. I am a long-time user of Wikipedia but new to editing. Thanks.
== Help! ==
<div dir=ltr>
Please help me completing [[:fa:کاربر:حسام/Wikipedia in your language]]. Regards! [[:fa:User:حسام]]
</div>
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<div style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-top:0px solid white;padding:5px 5px 0 5px;margin-bottom:3ex;">
<p>'''Other Turkic languages Encyclopedias of {{SITENAME}}'''</p>
[[:az:|Azerbeýjança]] | [[:ba:|Bashkir]] | [[:cv:|Çuvaşça]] | [[:kk:|Gazakça]] | [[:ky:|Gyrgyzça]] | [[:tt:|Tatarça]] | [[:tr:|Türkçe]] | [[:uz:|Özbekçe]] | [[:ug:|Uýgurça]]
</div>
Microsoft
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500 internal server error
Barry zito
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66.229.17.88
Barry Zito
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Barry William Zito (born May 13, 1978, Las Vegas, Nevada) is a pitcher with the Oakland Athletics baseball club.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Career history
* 2 Pitching style
* 3 Personal life
* 4 Statistics
* 5 External links
[edit]
Career history
Barry attended University of San Diego High School in San Diego, a Catholic school, where he began surfing. He would go on to attend the University of California at Santa Barbara and, subsequently, become the 1998 NCAA baseball champion at USC.
In 2002, he won the Cy Young Award for outstanding pitcher in the American League, narrowly defeating Pedro Martínez in the voting. He was named to the American League All-Star Team in 2002 and 2003. He is a durable pitcher, starting 34 or more games in each of his five full major league seasons, leading the league in games started three times.
Zito is entering the last year of his current contract in 2006 and Billy Beane, the general manager of the Athletics, has stated that the organization will not be able to afford to re-sign Zito. He is expected to be one of the most sought-after pitchers on the free agent market, barring an injury or a significant dropoff in performance.
[edit]
Pitching style
A left hander, Zito throws an 89-90 mph four-seam fastball, a changeup and an excellent "12-6" curveball (whose nicknames include "Captain Hook", "Rip-Curl", and "Bert") that has drawn comparisons to those of Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax. In mid-2004, Zito started throwing a two-seam fastball, and in 2005, he added a strong slider, or "slurve," to his pitch arsenal.
[edit]
Personal life
Zito — whose hobbies include yoga, rock guitar and surfing — is known for his idiosyncrasies. His personality has made him a media favorite. He once made it a practice to buy his own autographed baseball cards on eBay; when asked why he bought them at auction for high prices rather than acquiring unsigned cards and signing them himself, Zito replied, "Because they're authenticated." In addition, Zito carries satin pillows on the road, collects stuffed animals, and burns incense to relax. Many Oakland fans first became aware of Zito when, early in his career, he dyed his hair blue. He has since earned the nickname "Planet Zito."
Zito created the charity Strikeouts for Troops, to which he donates $100 for every strikeout he throws. The charity benefits hospitals for soldiers wounded in military operations.
Zito is the nephew of television actor Patrick Duffy. He once made an appearance in a JAG episode. In 2004, he dated Alyssa Milano.
[edit]
Statistics
* When Zito won the Cy Young in 2002, he went 23-5 with a 2.75 ERA, and 182 strikeouts.
* In 2005, Zito had a streak of 14 consecutive starts and 20 out of 21 in which he gave up fewer hits than innings pitched.
* Entering the 2006 season, Zito had only recorded one hit and 13 strikeouts in 26 career at-bats in interleague play.
[edit]
External links
* Barry Zito's career statistics at Baseball-Reference.com
* ESPN.com: Barry Zito
* Strikeouts For Troops
Preceded by:
Roger Clemens American League Cy Young Award
2002 Succeeded by:
Roy Halladay
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Zito"
Categories: 1978 births | Living people | All-Star Futures Game players | 2002 American League All-Stars | 2003 American League All-Stars | Irish-Americans | Italian-Americans | Las Vegans | Major league pitchers | Major league players from Nevada | Oakland Athletics players | Southern Cal Trojans baseball players | San Diegans
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Image:Berdinazar Hudaynazarow.jpg
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Türkmenistanyň Halk ýazyjysy Berdinazar Hudaýnazarow
Türkmenistanyň Halk ýazyjysy Berdinazar Hudaýnazarow
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{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#C5FCDC"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6EF7A7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''ru'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | '''[[:Category:User ru|Русский язык]]''' — '''[[:Category:User ru-N|родной]]''' для этого участника.[[Category:User ru|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ru-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}</div>
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<b>Seret<b><br>
[[Garagum çölü]]
Köneürgenç
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Dünýä
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Türkçe
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----
andoluya gelen oguzlarin turk dili.ayrica kuzey irak,suriye,iran,kibrista ve
balkanlardaki turk cemiyyetlerinde konusmakta boldugu dildir.avrupada 5 milyon turk bu dili konusmaktadir.tahmini sayisi 100 milyon civarindadir.turkmen ve azeri diline cok yakindir.
------[[User:86.136.21.23|86.136.21.23]] 10:27, 10 November 2006 (UTC)<[ornekler]]
men = ben geliyorum=gelyarin
sen=sen geliyorsun=gelyarsin
ol=o geliyor=gelyar
biz=biz geliyoruz=gelyaris
siz=siz geliyorsunuz=gelyarsiniz
olar=onlar geliyorlar=gelyarlar
----
----
ene=ana
burun=burun
qol=kol
yol=yol
semiz=semiz
topraq=toprak
qan=kan
suw=su
aq=ak
qara=kara
qyzyl=kizil
kok=gok
dyrnaq=tIrnak
Hytaý
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2006-06-26T23:38:44Z
67.160.21.228
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''中華人民共和國'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|125px|Hytaý baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:National emblem of the People's Republic of China.png|100px|Hytaý gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Hytaý baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Hytaý gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:ChinaGeography.png|right|470px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Pekin]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Hu Jintao]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Hytaýça|Hytaýça dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Hytaý gimni]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 9,596,960 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 1,315,844,000<br/> 140/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Renminbi Yuan]] (RMB¥)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +8
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +83
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .cn
|}
'''Hytaý''' (中华人民共和国/中華人民共和國; [[pinyin]]: ''Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó'' {{Audio|Zh-Zhonghua renmin gongheguo.ogg|audio}}), bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Ýaponiýa]], [[Russiýa]], [[Demirgazyk Koreýa]] we [[Taýwan]].
==Şäherler==
*[[Şanhaý]]
*[[Sýangan]]
*[[Aomyn]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:People's Republic of China]]
[[ar:صين]]
[[ast:China]]
[[bn:চীন]]
[[zh-min-nan:Tiong-kok]]
[[bs:Kina]]
[[bg:Китай]]
[[ca:Xina]]
[[cs:Čína]]
[[cy:Tsieina]]
[[da:Kina]]
[[pdc:Tscheine]]
[[de:China]]
[[et:Hiina]]
[[el:Κίνα]]
[[es:China]]
[[eo:Ĉinio]]
[[eu:Txina]]
[[fa:جمهوری خلق چین]]
[[fr:Chine]]
[[gl:China]]
[[ko:중국]]
[[hy:Չինաստան]]
[[hi:चीन]]
[[hr:Kina]]
[[io:Chinia]]
[[id:China]]
[[ia:China]]
[[is:Kína]]
[[it:Cina]]
[[he:סין]]
[[ks:चीन]]
[[kw:Cheyna]]
[[ht:Chin]]
[[la:Sina]]
[[jbo:jungug]]
[[hu:Kína]]
[[ms:China]]
[[nl:China]]
[[ja:中国]]
[[no:Kina]]
[[nrm:Chinne]]
[[ug:جۇڭگو]]
[[pl:Chiny]]
[[pt:China]]
[[ru:Китай]]
[[sa:चीन]]
[[simple:China]]
[[sk:Čína (civilizácia)]]
[[sl:Kitajska]]
[[sr:Народна република Кина]]
[[fi:Kiina]]
[[sv:Kina]]
[[ta:சீனா]]
[[th:ประเทศจีน]]
[[vi:Trung Quốc]]
[[chr:ᏥᎾ]]
[[tr:Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti]]
[[ur:چائنہ]]
[[zh-yue:中國]]
[[zh:中国]]
Pul
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[[en:Money]]
[[tr:Para]]
Inlisçe
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2006-06-24T21:49:30Z
203.109.218.26
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#REDIRECT [[Iňlisçe]]
Wagt
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[[en:Time]]
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Goýun
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[[en:Sheep]]
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Fransuzça
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2006-06-24T22:01:10Z
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#REDIRECT [[Frantsuzça]]
Azerbeýjan
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[[en:Azerbaijan]]
[[tr:Azerbeycan]]
Ilat
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[[en:Population]]
[[tr:Nüfus]]
Iňlisçe
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Thijs!bot
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robot Adding: bn, bpy, chr, fo, frp, fur, fy, gv, hsb, kn, mi, so, su, tg Removing: to Modifying: arc, mg, nah, pi, sq
[[Image:Anglospeak.png|right|470px|]]
'''Iňlisçe''' : [[Beýik Britaniýa]] resmi [[dil]]i.
==Iňlisçe Elipbiý==
{|
|-
|||A||B||C||D||E||F||G||H||I||J||K||L||M||N||O||P||Q||R||S||T||U||V||W||X||Y||Z
|-
|||a||b||c||d||e||f||g||h||i||j||k||l||m||n||o||p||q||r||s||t||u||v||w||x||y||z
|}
==Taryhy==
----
*[[Türkmen dili]]
*[[Arapça]]
*[[Bolgarça]]
*[[Dança]]
*[[Estonça]]
*[[Finçe]]
*[[Frantsuzça]]
*[[Gollandça]]
*[[Grekçe]]
*[[Horwatça]]
*[[Hytaýça]] (Sadalaşdyrylan)
*[[Indonezçe]]
*[[Iňlisçe]]
*[[Islandça]]
*[[Ispança]]
*[[Italýança]]
*[[Katalança]]
*[[Koreýçe]]
*[[Latwiýaça]]
*[[Litwaça]]
*[[Nemesçe]]
*[[Norwežçe]]
*[[Polça]]
*[[Portugalça]]
*[[Rumynça]]
*[[Rusça]]
*[[Serbçe]]
[[af:Engels (taal)]]
[[als:Englische Sprache]]
[[am:እንግሊዝኛ]]
[[an:Idioma anglés]]
[[ang:Nīwu Englisc sprǣc]]
[[ar:لغة إنجليزية]]
[[arc:ܠܫܢܐ ܕܐܢܓܠܝܼܣ]]
[[ast:Inglés]]
[[az:İngilis dili]]
[[be:Ангельская мова]]
[[bg:Английски език]]
[[bn:ইংরেজি ভাষা]]
[[bpy:ইংরেজি ঠার]]
[[br:Saozneg]]
[[bs:Engleski jezik]]
[[ca:Anglès]]
[[chr:ᎩᎵᏏ (ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ)]]
[[cs:Angličtina]]
[[cv:Акăлчан чĕлхи]]
[[cy:Saesneg]]
[[da:Engelsk (sprog)]]
[[de:Englische Sprache]]
[[el:Αγγλική γλώσσα]]
[[en:English language]]
[[eo:Angla lingvo]]
[[es:Idioma inglés]]
[[et:Inglise keel]]
[[eu:Ingeles]]
[[fa:زبان انگلیسی]]
[[fi:Englannin kieli]]
[[fo:Enskt mál]]
[[fr:Anglais]]
[[frp:Anglès]]
[[fur:Lenghe inglese]]
[[fy:Ingelsk]]
[[ga:Béarla]]
[[gd:A' Bheurla]]
[[gl:Lingua inglesa]]
[[got:𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰]]
[[gu:અંગ્રેજી ભાષા]]
[[gv:Baarle]]
[[he:אנגלית]]
[[hi:अंग्रेज़ी]]
[[hr:Engleski jezik]]
[[hsb:Jendźelšćina]]
[[hu:Angol nyelv]]
[[hy:Անգլերեն]]
[[ia:Anglese]]
[[id:Bahasa Inggris]]
[[ilo:Pagsasao nga English]]
[[io:Angliana linguo]]
[[is:Enska]]
[[it:Lingua inglese]]
[[iu:ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ]]
[[ja:英語]]
[[jbo:glibau]]
[[jv:Basa Inggris]]
[[ka:ინგლისური ენა]]
[[kn:ಆಂಗ್ಲ]]
[[ko:영어]]
[[ku:Zimanê îngilîzî]]
[[kw:Sowsnek]]
[[la:Lingua Anglica]]
[[lb:Englesch]]
[[li:Ingels]]
[[ln:Lingɛlɛ́sa]]
[[lt:Anglų kalba]]
[[lv:Angļu valoda]]
[[mg:Fiteny anglisy]]
[[mi:Reo Ingarihi]]
[[mk:Англиски јазик]]
[[ms:Bahasa Inggeris]]
[[nah:Inglatlahtōlli]]
[[nap:Lengua ngrese]]
[[nds:Engelsche Spraak]]
[[nds-nl:Ingels]]
[[nl:Engels]]
[[nn:Engelsk språk]]
[[no:Engelsk språk]]
[[nrm:Angliais]]
[[nv:Bilagáana bizaad]]
[[oc:Anglés]]
[[pdc:Englisch]]
[[pi:आंगलभाषा]]
[[pl:Język angielski]]
[[pt:Língua inglesa]]
[[rm:Lingua englaisa]]
[[ro:Limba engleză]]
[[ru:Английский язык]]
[[scn:Lingua ngrisa]]
[[sco:Inglis leid]]
[[se:Eaŋgalsgiella]]
[[sh:Engleski jezik]]
[[simple:English language]]
[[sk:Angličtina]]
[[sl:Angleščina]]
[[so:Ingiriis]]
[[sq:Gjuha angleze]]
[[sr:Енглески језик]]
[[st:Senyesemane]]
[[su:Basa Inggris]]
[[sv:Engelska]]
[[sw:Kiingereza]]
[[ta:ஆங்கிலம்]]
[[tg:Забони англисӣ]]
[[th:ภาษาอังกฤษ]]
[[tl:Wikang Ingles]]
[[tpi:Tok Inglis]]
[[tr:İngilizce]]
[[ug:ئىنگلىز تىلى]]
[[uk:Англійська мова]]
[[vi:Tiếng Anh]]
[[xh:IsiNgesi]]
[[zh:英语]]
[[zh-min-nan:Eng-gí]]
[[zh-yue:英語]]
Frantsuzça
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203.109.218.26
[[Image:Map-Francophone World.png|right|470px|]]
'''Frantsuzça''' : [[Fransiýa]] resmi [[dil]]i.
==Frantsuzça Elipbiý==
{| class="wikitable"
|
|-
| [[A]] || a
|-
| [[B]] || bé
|-
| [[C]] || cé
|-
| [[D]] || dé
|-
| [[E]] || e
|-
| [[F]] || effe
|-
| [[G]] || gé
|-
| [[H]] || ache
|-
| [[I]] || i
|-
| [[J]] || ji
|-
| [[K]] || ka
|-
| [[L]] || elle
|-
| [[M]] || emme
|-
| [[N]] || enne
|-
| [[O]] || o
|-
| [[P]] || pé
|-
| [[Q]] || qu
|-
| [[R]] || erre
|-
| [[S]] || esse
|-
| [[T]] || té
|-
| [[U]] || u
|-
| [[V]] || vé
|-
| [[W]] || double vé
|-
| [[X]] || icse
|-
| [[Y]] || i grec
|-
| [[Z]] || zède
|}
==Taryhy==
----
*[[Türkmen dili]]
*[[Arapça]]
*[[Bolgarça]]
*[[Dança]]
*[[Estonça]]
*[[Finçe]]
*[[Frantsuzça]]
*[[Gollandça]]
*[[Grekçe]]
*[[Horwatça]]
*[[Hytaýça]] (Sadalaşdyrylan)
*[[Indonezçe]]
*[[Iňlisçe]]
*[[Islandça]]
*[[Ispança]]
*[[Italýança]]
*[[Katalança]]
*[[Koreýçe]]
*[[Latwiýaça]]
*[[Litwaça]]
*[[Nemesçe]]
*[[Norwežçe]]
*[[Polça]]
*[[Portugalça]]
*[[Rumynça]]
*[[Rusça]]
*[[Serbçe]]
[[en:French language]]
[[af:Franse taal]]
[[als:Französische Sprache]]
[[ang:Frencisc sprǣc]]
[[ar:لغة فرنسية]]
[[an:Idioma franzés]]
[[frp:Francês]]
[[ast:Francés]]
[[bm:Faransikan]]
[[zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí]]
[[br:Galleg]]
[[bg:Френски език]]
[[ca:Francès]]
[[cs:Francouzština]]
[[cy:Ffrangeg]]
[[da:Fransk]]
[[de:Französische Sprache]]
[[et:Prantsuse keel]]
[[el:Γαλλική γλώσσα]]
[[es:Idioma francés]]
[[eo:Franca lingvo]]
[[eu:Frantses]]
[[fa:زبان فرانسوی]]
[[fr:Français]]
[[ga:Fraincis]]
[[gl:Lingua francesa]]
[[ko:프랑스어]]
[[hy:Ֆրանսերեն]]
[[hi:फ़्रांसिसी भाषा]]
[[hr:Francuski jezik]]
[[io:Franciana linguo]]
[[ilo:Pagsasao a Frances]]
[[id:Bahasa Perancis]]
[[ia:Lingua francese]]
[[iu:ᐅᐃᕖᑎᑐᑦ]]
[[os:Францусаг æвзаг]]
[[is:Franska]]
[[it:Lingua francese]]
[[he:צרפתית]]
[[ka:ფრანგული ენა]]
[[kw:Frynkek]]
[[kg:Kifalanse]]
[[ku:Zimanê fransî]]
[[la:Lingua Francogallica]]
[[lv:Franču valoda]]
[[lt:Prancūzų kalba]]
[[li:Frans]]
[[ln:Lifalansé]]
[[jbo:fasybau]]
[[hu:Francia nyelv]]
[[mk:Француски јазик]]
[[ms:Bahasa Perancis]]
[[nl:Frans]]
[[nds-nl:Fraans]]
[[ja:フランス語]]
[[no:Fransk språk]]
[[nn:Fransk språk]]
[[nrm:Fraunceis]]
[[oc:Francés]]
[[ug:فرانسۇز تىل]]
[[nds:Franzöösche Spraak]]
[[pl:Język francuski]]
[[pt:Língua francesa]]
[[ro:Limba franceză]]
[[rm:Lingua franzosa]]
[[ru:Французский язык]]
[[se:Fránskkagiella]]
[[sc:Limba frantzesa]]
[[sco:French leid]]
[[sq:Gjuha Frënge]]
[[scn:Lingua francisa]]
[[simple:French language]]
[[sk:Francúzština]]
[[sl:Francoščina]]
[[sr:Француски језик]]
[[sh:Francuski jezik]]
[[fi:Ranskan kieli]]
[[sv:Franska]]
[[tl:Wikang Pranses]]
[[ta:பிரெஞ்சு மொழி]]
[[th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส]]
[[to:Falanise]]
[[vi:Tiếng Pháp]]
[[tr:Fransızca]]
[[uk:Французька мова]]
[[wa:Francès]]
[[zh:法语]]
[[zh-yue:法語]]
Rusça
2082
7322
2006-11-17T09:04:09Z
211.61.73.166
[[Image:RussianLanguageMap.png|right|470px|]]
'''Rusça''' : [[Russiýa]] resmi [[dil]]i. [[Türkmen]] dilinde '''Orsça''' diýmek '''Rus dili''' diýmek bolýar.
==Rusça Elipbiý==
{| align=center cellpadding=4 style="text-align:center;"
|-
|[[A (Cyrillic)|А]]<br>||[[Be (Cyrillic)|Б]]<br>||[[Ve (Cyrillic)|В]]<br>||[[Ge (Cyrillic)|Г]]<br>||[[De (Cyrillic)|Д]]<br>||[[Ye (Cyrillic)|Е]]<br>||[[Yo (Cyrillic)|Ё]]<br>||[[Zhe (Cyrillic)|Ж]]<br>||[[Ze (Cyrillic)|З]]<br>||[[I (Cyrillic)|И]]<br>||[[Short I|Й]]<br>
|-
|[[Ka (Cyrillic)|К]]<br>||[[El (Cyrillic)|Л]]<br>||[[Em (Cyrillic)|М]]<br>||[[En (Cyrillic)|Н]]<br>||[[O (Cyrillic)|О]]<br>||[[Pe (Cyrillic)|П]]<br>||[[Er (Cyrillic)|Р]]<br>||[[Es (Cyrillic)|С]]<br>||[[Te (Cyrillic)|Т]]<br>||[[U (Cyrillic)|У]]<br>||[[Ef|Ф]]<br>
|-
|[[Kha|Х]]<br>||[[Tse (Cyrillic)|Ц]]<br>||[[Che (Cyrillic)|Ч]]<br>||[[Sha|Ш]]<br>||[[Shcha (Cyrillic)|Щ]] <br>||[[Yer|Ъ]]<br>||[[Yery|Ы]]<br>||[[Soft sign|Ь]]<br>||[[E (Cyrillic)|Э]]<br>||[[Yu (Cyrillic)|Ю]]<br> ||[[Ya (Cyrillic)|Я]]<br>
|}
==Taryhy==
----
*[[Türkmen dili]]
*[[Arapça]]
*[[Bolgarça]]
*[[Dança]]
*[[Estonça]]
*[[Finçe]]
*[[Frantsuzça]]
*[[Gollandça]]
*[[Grekçe]]
*[[Horwatça]]
*[[Hytaýça]] (Sadalaşdyrylan)
*[[Indonezçe]]
*[[Iňlisçe]]
*[[Islandça]]
*[[Ispança]]
*[[Italýança]]
*[[Katalança]]
*[[Koreýçe]]
*[[Latwiýaça]]
*[[Litwaça]]
*[[Nemesçe]]
*[[Norwežçe]]
*[[Polça]]
*[[Portugalça]]
*[[Rumynça]]
*[[Rusça]]
*[[Serbçe]]
[[Category:Russiýa]]
[[af:Russies]]
[[an:Idioma ruso]]
[[ang:Russisc sprǣc]]
[[ar:لغة روسية]]
[[ast:Rusu]]
[[av:ГIурус мацI]]
[[be:Руская мова]]
[[bg:Руски език]]
[[bs:Ruski jezik]]
[[ca:Rus]]
[[cs:Ruština]]
[[cu:Ѩзыкъ рѹсьскъ]]
[[cv:Вырăс чĕлхи]]
[[cy:Rwsieg]]
[[da:Russisk (sprog)]]
[[de:Russische Sprache]]
[[el:Ρωσική γλώσσα]]
[[en:Russian language]]
[[eo:Rusa lingvo]]
[[es:Idioma ruso]]
[[et:Vene keel]]
[[eu:Errusiera]]
[[fa:زبان روسی]]
[[fi:Venäjän kieli]]
[[fr:Russe]]
[[ga:Rúisis]]
[[gd:Ruiseis]]
[[gl:Lingua rusa]]
[[got:𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰]]
[[he:רוסית]]
[[hi:रूसी भाषा]]
[[hr:Ruski jezik]]
[[hu:Orosz nyelv]]
[[hy:Ռուսերեն]]
[[id:Bahasa Rusia]]
[[io:Rusiana linguo]]
[[it:Lingua russa]]
[[ja:ロシア語]]
[[ka:რუსული ენა]]
[[ko:러시아어]]
[[ku:Zimanê rûsî]]
[[kw:Russek]]
[[la:Lingua Russica]]
[[lb:Russesch]]
[[li:Rössisch]]
[[lt:Rusų kalba]]
[[lv:Krievu valoda]]
[[mk:Руски јазик]]
[[mo:Лимба русэ]]
[[ms:Bahasa Rusia]]
[[nds:Russ'sche Spraak]]
[[nds-nl:Russisch]]
[[nl:Russisch]]
[[nn:Russisk språk]]
[[no:Russisk språk]]
[[oc:Rus]]
[[os:Уырыссаг æвзаг]]
[[pl:Język rosyjski]]
[[pt:Língua russa]]
[[ro:Limba rusă]]
[[ru:Русский язык]]
[[se:Ruoššagiella]]
[[sh:Ruski jezik]]
[[simple:Russian language]]
[[sk:Ruština]]
[[sl:Ruščina]]
[[sr:Руски језик]]
[[sv:Ryska]]
[[tg:Забони Русӣ]]
[[th:ภาษารัสเซีย]]
[[tr:Rusça]]
[[tt:Urıs tele]]
[[ug:رۇس تىلى]]
[[uk:Російська мова]]
[[uz:Rus tili]]
[[vi:Tiếng Nga]]
[[yi:רוסיש]]
[[zh:俄语]]
[[zu:IsiRashiya]]
Nemesçe
2083
5809
2006-06-24T22:26:50Z
Jose77
82
[[Image:Map German SpeakingWorld.png|right|470px|]]
'''Nemesçe''' : [[Germaniýa]] resmi [[dil]]i.
==Nemesçe Elipbiý==
: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
: [[A]], [[B]], [[C]], [[D]], [[E]], [[F]], [[G]], [[H]], [[I]], [[J]], [[K]], [[L]], [[M]], [[N]], [[O]], [[P]], [[Q]], [[R]], [[S]], [[T]], [[U]], [[V]], [[W]], [[X]], [[Y]], [[Z]]
==Taryhy==
----
*[[Türkmen dili]]
*[[Arapça]]
*[[Bolgarça]]
*[[Dança]]
*[[Estonça]]
*[[Finçe]]
*[[Frantsuzça]]
*[[Gollandça]]
*[[Grekçe]]
*[[Horwatça]]
*[[Hytaýça]] (Sadalaşdyrylan)
*[[Indonezçe]]
*[[Iňlisçe]]
*[[Islandça]]
*[[Ispança]]
*[[Italýança]]
*[[Katalança]]
*[[Koreýçe]]
*[[Latwiýaça]]
*[[Litwaça]]
*[[Nemesçe]]
*[[Norwežçe]]
*[[Polça]]
*[[Portugalça]]
*[[Rumynça]]
*[[Rusça]]
*[[Serbçe]]
[[en:German language]]
[[af:Duits (taal)]]
[[als:Deutsche Sprache]]
[[ang:Þēodisc sprǣc]]
[[ar:لغة ألمانية]]
[[ast:Alemán]]
[[be:Нямецкая мова]]
[[bs:Njemački jezik]]
[[br:Alamaneg]]
[[ca:Alemany]]
[[cv:Нимĕç чĕлхи]]
[[cs:Němčina]]
[[cy:Almaeneg]]
[[da:Tysk (sprog)]]
[[pdc:Modern Hochdeitsch]]
[[de:Deutsche Sprache]]
[[et:Saksa keel]]
[[el:Γερμανική γλώσσα]]
[[es:Idioma alemán]]
[[eo:Germana lingvo]]
[[eu:Alemaniera]]
[[fa:زبان آلمانی]]
[[fo:Týskt mál]]
[[fr:Allemand]]
[[fur:Lenghe todescje]]
[[ga:Gearmáinis]]
[[gd:Gearmailtis]]
[[gl:Lingua alemá]]
[[ko:독일어]]
[[hy:Գերմաներեն]]
[[hi:जर्मन भाषा]]
[[hr:Njemački jezik]]
[[io:Germaniana linguo]]
[[ilo:Pagsasao nga Aleman]]
[[id:Bahasa Jerman]]
[[ia:Lingua german]]
[[is:Þýska]]
[[it:Lingua tedesca]]
[[he:גרמנית]]
[[kw:Almaynek]]
[[la:Lingua Theodisca]]
[[lv:Vācu valoda]]
[[lb:Däitsch]]
[[lt:Vokiečių kalba]]
[[li:Duits]]
[[ln:Lialémani]]
[[hu:Német nyelv]]
[[mk:Германски јазик]]
[[ms:Bahasa Jerman]]
[[nl:Duits]]
[[nds-nl:Duuts]]
[[ja:ドイツ語]]
[[no:Tysk språk]]
[[nn:Tysk språk]]
[[oc:Alemand]]
[[nds:Düütsche Spraak]]
[[pl:Język niemiecki]]
[[pt:Língua alemã]]
[[ro:Limba germană]]
[[rm:Lingua tudestga]]
[[ru:Немецкий язык]]
[[se:Duiskkagiella]]
[[sq:Gjuha Gjermane]]
[[scn:Lingua tudisca]]
[[simple:German language]]
[[sk:Nemčina]]
[[sl:Nemščina]]
[[sr:Немачки језик]]
[[fi:Saksan kieli]]
[[sv:Tyska]]
[[tl:Wikang Aleman]]
[[tt:Alman tele]]
[[th:ภาษาเยอรมัน]]
[[ug:نېمىس تىلى]]
[[vi:Tiếng Đức]]
[[tr:Almanca]]
[[zh:德语]]
Image:Map German SpeakingWorld.png
2086
5808
2006-06-24T22:25:46Z
Jose77
82
[[en:Image:Map German SpeakingWorld.png]]
[[en:Image:Map German SpeakingWorld.png]]
Hytaýça
2087
6902
2006-10-08T15:40:48Z
219.79.168.240
[[Image:Zhongwen.png|right|300px|]]
[[Image:Map-Sinitic_Languages.gif|right|250px|]]
'''Hytaýça''' : [[Hytaý]] resmi [[dil]]i.
==Taryhy==
----
*[[Türkmen dili]]
*[[Arapça]]
*[[Bolgarça]]
*[[Dança]]
*[[Estonça]]
*[[Finçe]]
*[[Frantsuzça]]
*[[Gollandça]]
*[[Grekçe]]
*[[Horwatça]]
*[[Hytaýça]] (Sadalaşdyrylan)
*[[Indonezçe]]
*[[Iňlisçe]]
*[[Islandça]]
*[[Ispança]]
*[[Italýança]]
*[[Katalança]]
*[[Koreýçe]]
*[[Latwiýaça]]
*[[Litwaça]]
*[[Nemesçe]]
*[[Norwežçe]]
*[[Polça]]
*[[Portugalça]]
*[[Rumynça]]
*[[Rusça]]
*[[Serbçe]]
*[[Slovakça]]
*[[Slovençe]]
*[[Türkçe]]
*[[Wengerçe]]
*[[Yaponça]]
*[[Çehçe]]
*[[Ýewreýçe]]
*[[Şwedçe]]
[[en:Chinese language]]
[[ar:صينية]]
[[zh-min-nan:Hàn-gí]]
[[ca:Xinès]]
[[cs:Čínština]]
[[cy:Tsieinëeg]]
[[da:kinesisk]]
[[de:Chinesische Sprachen]]
[[es:Idioma chino]]
[[eo:Ĉina lingvo]]
[[fa:زبان چینی]]
[[fr:Langue chinoise]]
[[ko:중국어]]
[[id:Bahasa Tionghoa]]
[[it:Lingua cinese]]
[[he:סינית]]
[[ka:ჩინური ენა]]
[[kw:Cheynek]]
[[la:Lingua Sinensis]]
[[lt:Kinų kalba]]
[[li:Sjinees]]
[[hu:Kínai nyelv]]
[[mk:Кинески јазик]]
[[ms:Bahasa Cina]]
[[nl:Chinese talen]]
[[ja:中国語]]
[[no:Kinesisk språk]]
[[nn:Kinesisk språk]]
[[ug:خەنزۇ تىلى]]
[[pl:Język chiński]]
[[pt:Língua chinesa]]
[[ro:Limba chineză]]
[[ru:Китайский язык]]
[[simple:Chinese language]]
[[sr:Кинески језик]]
[[sv:Kinesiska]]
[[th:ภาษาจีน]]
[[to:FakaSiaina]]
[[vi:Tiếng Trung Quốc]]
[[tr:Çince]]
[[zh-yue:中文]]
[[zh:中文]]
Ýaponiýa
2088
5870
2006-06-25T00:06:27Z
Jose77
82
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''日本国'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Japan.svg|125px|Ýaponiýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|100px|Ýaponiýa gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Ýaponiýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Ýaponiýa gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:Satellite image of Japan in May 2003.jpg|right|400px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Tokio]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Junichiro Koizumi]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Yaponça|Yaponça dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Kimi Ga Yo]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 377,835 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 128,085,000<br/> 337/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Yen]] (¥) (JPY)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +9
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +81
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .jp
|}
'''Ýaponiýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Hytaý]], [[Russiýa]], [[Günorta Koreýa]] we [[Taýwan]].
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:Japan]]
[[af:Japan]]
[[als:Japan]]
[[ar:اليابان]]
[[an:Chapón]]
[[ast:Xapón]]
[[bn:জাপান]]
[[zh-min-nan:Ji̍t-pún]]
[[bs:Japan]]
[[br:Japan]]
[[bg:Япония]]
[[ca:Japó]]
[[cs:Japonsko]]
[[cy:Japan]]
[[da:Japan]]
[[de:Japan]]
[[et:Jaapan]]
[[el:Ιαπωνία]]
[[es:Japón]]
[[eo:Japanio]]
[[fa:ژاپن]]
[[fr:Japon]]
[[ga:An tSeapáin]]
[[gd:Seapan]]
[[gl:Xapón - 日本]]
[[gu:જાપાન]]
[[ko:일본]]
[[hi:जापान]]
[[hr:Japan]]
[[io:Japonia]]
[[ilo:Japon]]
[[id:Jepang]]
[[is:Japan]]
[[it:Giappone]]
[[he:יפן]]
[[kn:ಜಪಾನ್]]
[[ka:იაპონია]]
[[kw:Nihon]]
[[ht:Japon]]
[[ku:Japonya]]
[[lo:ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]]
[[la:Iaponia]]
[[lv:Japāna]]
[[lb:Japan]]
[[lt:Japonija]]
[[li:Japan]]
[[hu:Japán]]
[[mk:Јапонија]]
[[mg:Japana]]
[[mi:Nipono]]
[[mr:जपान]]
[[ms:Jepun]]
[[mo:Жапония]]
[[mn:Япон]]
[[na:Djapan]]
[[nl:Japan]]
[[ja:日本]]
[[no:Japan]]
[[nn:Japan]]
[[nrm:Japon]]
[[oc:Japon]]
[[ug:ياپونىيە]]
[[nds:Japan]]
[[pl:Japonia]]
[[pt:Japão]]
[[ro:Japonia]]
[[ru:Япония]]
[[se:Japána]]
[[sco:Japan]]
[[sq:Japonia]]
[[scn:Giappuni]]
[[simple:Japan]]
[[sk:Japonsko]]
[[sl:Japonska]]
[[sr:Јапан]]
[[su:Jepang]]
[[fi:Japani]]
[[sv:Japan]]
[[tl:Hapon (bansa)]]
[[ta:ஜப்பான்]]
[[th:ประเทศญี่ปุ่น]]
[[vi:Nhật Bản]]
[[chr:ᏣᏆᏂ]]
[[tr:Japonya]]
[[uk:Японія]]
[[uz:Yaponiya]]
[[yi:יאפאן]]
[[zh:日本]]
Günorta Koreýa
2089
5851
2006-06-24T23:49:23Z
Jose77
82
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''대한민국/大韓民國'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of South Korea.svg|125px|Günorta Koreýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:South korea coa.png|100px|Günorta Koreýa gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Günorta Koreýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Günorta Koreýa gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationSouthKorea.png|right|470px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Seul]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Roh Moo-hyun]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Koreýçe|Koreýçe dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Koreýa gimni]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 98,480 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 47,817,000<br/> 492/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Günorta Koreýa Won]] (KRW)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +9
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +82
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .kr
|}
'''Günorta Koreýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Hytaý]], [[Ýaponiýa]], [[Russiýa]] we [[Demirgazyk Koreýa]].
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:South Korea]]
[[af:Suid-Korea]]
[[am:ደቡብ ኮርያ]]
[[ar:كوريا الجنوبية]]
[[an:Corea d'o Sur]]
[[ast:Corea del Sur]]
[[az:Koreya Respublikası]]
[[zh-min-nan:Hân-kok]]
[[bs:Južna Koreja]]
[[bg:Южна Корея]]
[[ca:Corea del Sud]]
[[cs:Jižní Korea]]
[[cy:De Corea]]
[[da:Sydkorea]]
[[de:Südkorea]]
[[et:Lõuna-Korea]]
[[el:Νότια Κορέα]]
[[es:Corea del Sur]]
[[eo:Sud-Koreio]]
[[fa:کره جنوبی]]
[[fr:Corée du Sud]]
[[gl:Corea do Sur - 한국]]
[[ko:대한민국]]
[[hi:दक्षिण कोरिया]]
[[hr:Južna Koreja]]
[[io:Sud-Korea]]
[[id:Korea Selatan]]
[[is:Suður-Kórea]]
[[it:Corea del Sud]]
[[he:דרום קוריאה]]
[[ka:სამხრეთი კორეა]]
[[kw:Korea Dheghow]]
[[ht:Kore disid]]
[[la:Respublica Coreae]]
[[lv:Dienvidkoreja]]
[[lt:Pietų Korėja]]
[[li:Zuud-Korea]]
[[hu:Koreai Köztársaság]]
[[ms:Korea Selatan]]
[[mo:Корея де Суд]]
[[nl:Zuid-Korea]]
[[ja:大韓民国]]
[[no:Sør-Korea]]
[[nn:Sør-Korea]]
[[oc:Corèa del Sud]]
[[km:កូរេ (ត្បូង)]]
[[mt:Korea t'Isfel]]
[[nds:Süüdkorea]]
[[pl:Korea Południowa]]
[[pt:Coreia do Sul]]
[[ro:Coreea de Sud]]
[[ru:Республика Корея]]
[[war:Salatan nga Korea]]
[[se:Mátta-Korea]]
[[sq:Korea Jugore]]
[[scn:Corea dû Sud]]
[[simple:South Korea]]
[[sk:Kórejská republika]]
[[sl:Južna Koreja]]
[[sr:Јужна Кореја]]
[[sh:Južna Koreja]]
[[fi:Etelä-Korea]]
[[sv:Sydkorea]]
[[tl:Timog Korea]]
[[ta:தென்கொரியா]]
[[th:ประเทศเกาหลีใต้]]
[[vi:Hàn Quốc]]
[[tpi:Saut Korea]]
[[chr:ᎤᎦᎾᏭ ᎢᏗᎵ ᎪᎴᎠ]]
[[tr:Kore Cumhuriyeti]]
[[uk:Південна Корея]]
[[zh-yue:大韓民國]]
[[zh:大韩民国]]
Yaponça
2090
7198
2006-10-28T15:08:36Z
Diamond
122
interwiki:el
[[Image:Map Japanese SpeakingWorld.png|right|470px|]]
'''Yaponça''' : [[Yapon]] resmi [[dil]]i.
==Hiragana==
{| border="0" cellspacing="2px" cellpadding="2px" width="100%"
|-
|bgcolor="#BECFEB" valign=top align="center" colspan = 5 |
|bgcolor="#D4D4D4" colspan = 3 align="center"|
|-bgcolor="#BECFEB" valign=top align="center"
![[あ]] ''a''
![[い]] ''i''
![[う]] ''u''
![[え]] ''e''
![[お]] ''o''
|bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|('''''ya''''')
|bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|('''''yu''''')
|bgcolor="#D4D4D4"|('''''yo''''')
|-
|colspan="8"|
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|[[か]] ''ka''
|[[き]] ''ki''
|[[く]] ''ku''
|[[け]] ''ke''
|[[こ]] ''ko''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|きゃ ''kya''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|きゅ ''kyu''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|きょ ''kyo''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|[[さ]] ''sa''
|[[し]] ''shi''
|[[す]] ''su''
|[[せ]] ''se''
|[[そ]] ''so''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|しゃ ''sha''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|しゅ ''shu''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|しょ ''sho''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|[[た]] ''ta''
|[[ち]] ''chi''
|[[つ]] ''tsu''
|[[て]] ''te''
|[[と]] ''to''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ちゃ ''cha''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ちゅ ''chu''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ちょ ''cho''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|[[な]] ''na''
|[[に]] ''ni''
|[[ぬ]] ''nu''
|[[ね]] ''ne''
|[[の]] ''no''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|にゃ ''nya''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|にゅ ''nyu''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|にょ ''nyo''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|[[は]] ''ha''
|[[ひ]] ''hi''
|[[ふ]] ''fu''
|[[へ]] ''he''
|[[ほ]] ''ho''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ひゃ ''hya''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ひゅ ''hyu''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ひょ ''hyo''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|[[ま]] ''ma''
|[[み]] ''mi''
|[[む]] ''mu''
|[[め]] ''me''
|[[も]] ''mo''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|みゃ ''mya''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|みゅ ''myu''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|みょ ''myo''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|[[や]] ''ya''
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|[[ゆ]] ''yu''
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|[[よ]] ''yo''
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"|
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|[[ら]] ''ra''
|[[り]] ''ri''
|[[る]] ''ru''
|[[れ]] ''re''
|[[ろ]] ''ro''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|りゃ ''rya''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|りゅ ''ryu''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|りょ ''ryo''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|[[わ]] ''wa''
|<font color=red>[[ゐ]] ''wi''</font>
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|<font color=red>[[ゑ]] ''we''</font>
|[[を]] ''o/wo''
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"|
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="4"|
|[[ん]] ''n''
|bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="3"|
|-
|colspan="8"|
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|が ''ga''
|ぎ ''gi''
|ぐ ''gu''
|げ ''ge''
|ご ''go''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぎゃ ''gya''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぎゅ ''gyu''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぎょ ''gyo''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|ざ ''za''
|じ ''ji''
|ず ''zu''
|ぜ ''ze''
|ぞ ''zo''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|じゃ ''ja''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|じゅ ''ju''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|じょ ''jo''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|だ ''da''
|ぢ ''(ji)''
|づ ''(zu)''
|で ''de''
|ど ''do''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぢゃ ''(ja)''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぢゅ ''(ju)''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぢょ ''(jo)''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|ば ''ba''
|び ''bi''
|ぶ ''bu''
|べ ''be''
|ぼ ''bo''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|びゃ ''bya''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|びゅ ''byu''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|びょ ''byo''
|-bgcolor="#E7F5DE" valign=top align="center"
|ぱ ''pa''
|ぴ ''pi''
|ぷ ''pu''
|ぺ ''pe''
|ぽ ''po''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぴゃ ''pya''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぴゅ ''pyu''
|bgcolor="#F3F5DE"|ぴょ ''pyo''
|}
==Taryhy==
[[Image:Nihongo.png|right|thumb|]]
----
*[[Türkmen dili]]
*[[Arapça]]
*[[Bolgarça]]
*[[Dança]]
*[[Estonça]]
*[[Finçe]]
*[[Frantsuzça]]
*[[Gollandça]]
*[[Grekçe]]
*[[Horwatça]]
*[[Hytaýça]] (Sadalaşdyrylan)
*[[Indonezçe]]
*[[Iňlisçe]]
*[[Islandça]]
*[[Ispança]]
*[[Italýança]]
*[[Katalança]]
*[[Koreýçe]]
*[[Latwiýaça]]
*[[Litwaça]]
*[[Nemesçe]]
*[[Norwežçe]]
*[[Polça]]
*[[Portugalça]]
*[[Rumynça]]
*[[Rusça]]
*[[Serbçe]]
*[[Slovakça]]
*[[Slovençe]]
*[[Türkçe]]
*[[Wengerçe]]
*[[Yaponça]]
*[[Çehçe]]
*[[Ýewreýçe]]
*[[Şwedçe]]
[[en:Japanese language]]
[[ar:لغة_يابانية]]
[[ast:Xaponés]]
[[bg:Японски_език]]
[[br:Japaneg]]
[[bs:Japanski_jezik]]
[[ca:Japonès]]
[[cs:Japonština]]
[[cy:Japaneg]]
[[de:Japanische_Sprache]]
[[el:Ιαπωνική γλώσσα]]
[[eo:Japana_lingvo]]
[[es:Idioma_japonés]]
[[et:Jaapani_keel]]
[[eu:Japoniera]]
[[fa:زبان_ژاپنی]]
[[fi:Japanin_kieli]]
[[fr:Japonais]]
[[ga:Seapáinis]]
[[gl:Lingua_xaponesa]]
[[he:יפנית]]
[[hi:जापानी_भाषा]]
[[hr:Japanski_jezik]]
[[hu:Japán_nyelv]]
[[ia:Lingua_japonese]]
[[id:Bahasa_Jepang]]
[[io:Japoniana_linguo]]
[[is:Japanska]]
[[it:Lingua_giapponese]]
[[ja:日本語]]
[[ka:იაპონური_ენა]]
[[ko:일본어]]
[[kw:Nihonek]]
[[la:Lingua_Iaponica]]
[[lad:Idioma_japonezo]]
[[li:Japans]]
[[lt:Japonų_kalba]]
[[lv:Japāņu_valoda]]
[[mk:Јапонски_јазик]]
[[ms:Bahasa_Jepun]]
[[nl:Japans]]
[[nn:Japansk_språk]]
[[no:Japansk_språk]]
[[pl:Język_japoński]]
[[pt:Língua_japonesa]]
[[ro:Limba_japoneză]]
[[ru:Японский_язык]]
[[sh:Japanski_jezik]]
[[simple:Japanese_language]]
[[sl:Japonščina]]
[[sr:Јапански_језик]]
[[sv:Japanska]]
[[th:ภาษาญี่ปุ่น]]
[[to:FakaSiapani]]
[[tr:Japonca]]
[[tt:Yapon_tele]]
[[ug:ياپون تىلى]]
[[vi:Tiếng_Nhật_Bản]]
[[zh:日语]]
[[zh-min-nan:Ji̍t-pún-oē]]
[[zh-yue:日語]]
Image:Map Japanese SpeakingWorld.png
2091
5822
2006-06-24T22:57:07Z
Jose77
82
Koreýçe
2092
5841
2006-06-24T23:34:20Z
Jose77
82
[[Image:Korean vowels.jpg|right|300px|]]
[[Image:Koreandialects.PNG|right|250px|]]
'''Koreýçe''' (한국어) : [[Demirgazyk Koreýa]], [[Günorta Koreýa]] resmi [[dil]]i.
==Taryhy==
----
*[[Türkmen dili]]
*[[Arapça]]
*[[Bolgarça]]
*[[Dança]]
*[[Estonça]]
*[[Finçe]]
*[[Frantsuzça]]
*[[Gollandça]]
*[[Grekçe]]
*[[Horwatça]]
*[[Hytaýça]] (Sadalaşdyrylan)
*[[Indonezçe]]
*[[Iňlisçe]]
*[[Islandça]]
*[[Ispança]]
*[[Italýança]]
*[[Katalança]]
*[[Koreýçe]]
*[[Latwiýaça]]
*[[Litwaça]]
*[[Nemesçe]]
*[[Norwežçe]]
*[[Polça]]
*[[Portugalça]]
*[[Rumynça]]
*[[Rusça]]
*[[Serbçe]]
*[[Slovakça]]
*[[Slovençe]]
*[[Türkçe]]
*[[Wengerçe]]
*[[Yaponça]]
*[[Çehçe]]
*[[Ýewreýçe]]
*[[Şwedçe]]
[[en:Korean language]]
[[am:ኮሪይኛ]]
[[ar:لغة كورية]]
[[ast:Coreanu]]
[[bg:Корейски език]]
[[ca:Coreà]]
[[chr:ᎪᎵᎥ]]
[[de:Koreanische Sprache]]
[[dv:ކޮރެޔާ ބަސް]]
[[et:Korea keel]]
[[es:Idioma coreano]]
[[eo:Korea lingvo]]
[[fr:Coréen]]
[[ga:Cóiréis]]
[[iu:ᑯᕆᐊᑎᑐᑦ]]
[[ko:한국어]]
[[io:Koreana linguo]]
[[id:Bahasa Korea]]
[[it:Lingua coreana]]
[[csb:Kòrejańsczi jãzëk]]
[[ka:კორეული ენა]]
[[kw:Koreek]]
[[lv:Korejiešu valoda]]
[[li:Koreaans]]
[[ms:Bahasa Korea]]
[[nl:Koreaans]]
[[ja:朝鮮語]]
[[mi:Te reo Kōrea]]
[[mn:Солонгос]]
[[no:Koreansk språk]]
[[nn:Koreansk språk]]
[[oc:Corean]]
[[pl:Język koreański]]
[[ps:کوريائي]]
[[pt:Língua coreana]]
[[ro:Limba coreeană]]
[[ru:Корейский язык]]
[[simple:Korean language]]
[[fi:Korean kieli]]
[[sv:Koreanska]]
[[th:ภาษาเกาหลี]]
[[to:FakaKolea]]
[[vi:Tiếng Triều Tiên]]
[[tr:Korece]]
[[zh:朝鮮語]]
Image:Koreandialects.PNG
2093
5830
2006-06-24T23:05:25Z
Jose77
82
[[en:Image:Koreandialects.PNG]]
Image:National emblem of the People's Republic of China.png
2094
5836
2006-06-24T23:19:23Z
Jose77
82
Koreý
2095
6841
2006-09-25T01:46:44Z
70.105.41.197
delete
Demirgazyk Koreýa
2096
8350
2006-12-20T15:01:23Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Adding: [[bo:ཁྲའོ་ཤན་བྱང་རྒྱུད]]
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''조선민주주의인민공화국'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of North Korea.svg|125px|Demirgazyk Koreýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Coat of Arms of North Korea.png|100px|Demirgazyk Koreýa gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Demirgazyk Koreýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Demirgazyk Koreýa gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationSouthKorea.png|right|470px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Phenýan]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Kim Jong-il]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Koreýçe|Koreýçe dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| ''[[Aegukka]]''
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 120,540 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 22,488,000<br/> 190/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Demirgazyk Koreýa Won]] (₩) (KPW)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +9
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +850
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .dp
|}
'''Demirgazyk Koreýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Günorta Koreýa]], [[Ýaponiýa]], [[Russiýa]] we [[Hytaý]].
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[af:Noord-Korea]]
[[an:Corea d'o Norte]]
[[ar:كوريا الشمالية]]
[[ast:Corea del Norte]]
[[az:Şimali Koreya]]
[[bg:Северна Корея]]
[[bo:ཁྲའོ་ཤན་བྱང་རྒྱུད]]
[[br:Republik Poblel ha Demokratel Korea]]
[[bs:Sjeverna Koreja]]
[[ca:Corea del Nord]]
[[cs:Severní Korea]]
[[csb:Kòrejańskô Lëdowò-Demokratnô Repùlika]]
[[cy:Gogledd Corea]]
[[da:Nordkorea]]
[[de:Nordkorea]]
[[el:Βόρεια Κορέα]]
[[en:North Korea]]
[[eo:Nord-Koreio]]
[[es:Corea del Norte]]
[[et:Põhja-Korea]]
[[eu:Ipar Korea]]
[[fa:کره شمالی]]
[[fi:Korean demokraattinen kansantasavalta]]
[[fr:Corée du Nord]]
[[frp:Corê du Nord]]
[[fy:Noard-Korea]]
[[gl:Corea do Norte - 북한]]
[[he:קוריאה הצפונית]]
[[hi:उत्तरी कोरिया]]
[[hr:Sjeverna Koreja]]
[[ht:Kore dinò]]
[[hu:Észak-Korea]]
[[ia:Corea del Nord]]
[[id:Korea Utara]]
[[io:Nord-Korea]]
[[is:Norður-Kórea]]
[[it:Corea del Nord]]
[[ja:朝鮮民主主義人民共和国]]
[[ka:ჩრდილოეთი კორეა]]
[[km:កូរេ (ជើង)]]
[[kn:ಉತ್ತರ ಕೊರಿಯಾ]]
[[ko:조선민주주의인민공화국]]
[[ku:Korêya Bakur]]
[[kw:Korea Gledh]]
[[la:Respublica Populi Democratica Coreae]]
[[li:Noord-Korea]]
[[lt:Šiaurės Korėja]]
[[lv:Ziemeļkoreja]]
[[ml:ഉത്തര കൊറിയ]]
[[ms:Korea Utara]]
[[na:Republik Engame Korea]]
[[nds:Noordkorea]]
[[nl:Noord-Korea]]
[[nn:Nord-Korea]]
[[no:Nord-Korea]]
[[oc:Corèa del Nòrd]]
[[os:Корейы Адæмон Демократон Республикæ]]
[[pam:North Korea]]
[[pl:Korea Północna]]
[[ps:سهېلي کوريا]]
[[pt:Coreia do Norte]]
[[ro:Coreea de Nord]]
[[ru:Корейская Народно-Демократическая Республика]]
[[scn:Corea dû Nord]]
[[se:Davvi-Korea]]
[[sh:Severna Koreja]]
[[simple:North Korea]]
[[sk:Kórejská ľudovodemokratická republika]]
[[sl:Severna Koreja]]
[[sq:Korea Veriore]]
[[sr:Северна Кореја]]
[[sv:Nordkorea]]
[[ta:வடகொரியா]]
[[th:ประเทศเกาหลีเหนือ]]
[[tl:Hilagang Korea]]
[[tpi:Not Korea]]
[[tr:Kore Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti]]
[[uk:Північна Корея]]
[[vi:Cộng hòa Dân chủ Nhân dân Triều Tiên]]
[[wuu:朝鲜]]
[[zh:朝鲜民主主义人民共和国]]
[[zh-classical:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國]]
[[zh-min-nan:Tiâu-sián]]
[[zh-yue:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國]]
Yapon
2097
5853
2006-06-24T23:49:43Z
Jose77
82
[[Yapon]] moved to [[Ýaponiýa]]
#REDIRECT [[Ýaponiýa]]
Orsýet
2098
5859
2006-06-24T23:54:23Z
Jose77
82
[[Orsýet]] moved to [[Russiýa]]
#REDIRECT [[Russiýa]]
Taýwan
2099
5873
2006-06-25T00:22:09Z
Jose77
82
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''臺灣/Tâi-oân'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Taiwan proposed 1996.svg|125px|Ýaponiýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Republic of China National Emblem.svg|100px|Ýaponiýa gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Taýwan baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Taýwan gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:Taiwan NASA Terra MODIS 23791.jpg|right|400px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Taýbeý]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Chen Shui-bian]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Taýwança|Taýwança dili]], [[Hytaýça|Hytaýça dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Taýwan gimni]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 35,980 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 23,036,087<br/> 640/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[NT$]] (TWD)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +8
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +886
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .tw
|}
'''Taýwan''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Hytaý]], [[Filippinler]], [[Günorta Koreýa]] we [[Ýaponiýa]].
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:Taiwan]]
[[zh-min-nan:Tâi-oân]]
[[bs:Tajvan]]
[[bg:Тайван]]
[[ca:Taiwan]]
[[cs:Tchaj-wan]]
[[da:Taiwan]]
[[de:Taiwan]]
[[et:Taiwan]]
[[es:Taiwán]]
[[eo:Tajvano]]
[[fr:Taiwan]]
[[gl:Taiwán - 臺灣]]
[[ko:타이완 섬]]
[[io:Taiwan]]
[[id:Taiwan]]
[[is:Tævan]]
[[it:Taiwan (isola)]]
[[ka:ტაივანი]]
[[he:טאיוואן]]
[[hu:Tajvan]]
[[mk:Тајван]]
[[mi:Taiwana]]
[[ms:Taiwan]]
[[nl:Taiwan]]
[[ja:台湾]]
[[no:Taiwan]]
[[nn:Taiwan]]
[[oc:Taiwan]]
[[ug:تەيۋەن]]
[[pl:Tajwan (wyspa)]]
[[pt:Taiwan]]
[[ru:Тайвань]]
[[scn:Taiwan]]
[[simple:Taiwan]]
[[sl:Tajvan]]
[[fi:Taiwan]]
[[sv:Taiwan]]
[[tl:Taiwan]]
[[th:ไต้หวัน]]
[[vi:Đài Loan]]
[[tr:Tayvan]]
[[zh:台灣]]
Image:Philippine coat-of-arms.png
2100
5874
2006-06-25T00:28:10Z
Jose77
82
Filippinler
2101
5877
2006-06-25T00:34:35Z
Jose77
82
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Republika ng Pilipinas'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of the Philippines.svg|125px|Filippinler baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Philippine coat-of-arms.png|100px|Filippinler gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Filippinler baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Filippinler gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:Satellite image of Philippines in March 2002.jpg|right|390px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Manila]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Filippinler dili|Filippinler dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Lupang Hinirang]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 300,000 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 83,054,000<br/> 640/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Filippinler peso]] (piso) (PHP)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +8
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +63
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .ph
|}
'''Filippinler''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Hytaý]], [[Taýwan]], [[Wýetnam]] we [[Malaýziýa]].
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:Philippines]]
[[af:Filippyne]]
[[ar:فلبين]]
[[an:Filipinas]]
[[ast:Filipines]]
[[zh-min-nan:Hui-li̍p-pin]]
[[bs:Filipini]]
[[br:Filipinez]]
[[bg:Филипини]]
[[ca:Filipines]]
[[ceb:Pilipinas]]
[[cs:Filipíny]]
[[cy:Pilipinas]]
[[da:Filippinerne]]
[[de:Philippinen]]
[[et:Filipiinid]]
[[es:Filipinas]]
[[eo:Filipinoj]]
[[eu:Filipinak]]
[[fr:Philippines]]
[[fy:Filipinen]]
[[gl:Filipinas - Pilipinas]]
[[ko:필리핀]]
[[hr:Filipini]]
[[io:Filipini]]
[[ilo:Filipinas]]
[[id:Filipina]]
[[ia:Philippinas]]
[[is:Filippseyjar]]
[[it:Filippine]]
[[he:הפיליפינים]]
[[ka:ფილიპინები]]
[[kw:Filipinys]]
[[ht:Filipin]]
[[ku:Fîlîpîn]]
[[la:Philippinae]]
[[lv:Filipīnas]]
[[lb:Philippinen]]
[[lt:Filipinai]]
[[li:Filipiene]]
[[hu:Fülöp-szigetek]]
[[mr:फिलिपाईन्स]]
[[ms:Filipina]]
[[nl:Filipijnen]]
[[ja:フィリピン]]
[[no:Filippinene]]
[[nn:Filippinane]]
[[oc:Filipinas]]
[[ug:فىلىپپىن تاقىم ئاراللىرى]]
[[pam:Filipinas]]
[[nds:Philippinen]]
[[pl:Filipiny]]
[[pt:Filipinas]]
[[ro:Filipine]]
[[ru:Филиппины]]
[[war:Pilipinas]]
[[sm:Filipaina]]
[[sq:Filipinet]]
[[simple:Philippines]]
[[sk:Filipíny]]
[[sl:Filipini]]
[[sr:Филипини]]
[[sh:Filipini]]
[[fi:Filippiinit]]
[[sv:Filippinerna]]
[[tl:Pilipinas]]
[[ta:பிலிப்பைன்ஸ்]]
[[th:ประเทศฟิลิปปินส์]]
[[tr:Filipinler Cumhuriyeti]]
[[uk:Філіппіни]]
[[yi:פיליפינען]]
[[zh:菲律宾]]
Image:Coat of arms of Kazakhstan.gif
2102
5882
2006-06-25T03:09:32Z
Jose77
82
Mongoliýa
2103
8296
2006-12-17T15:49:32Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: bn, cu, fy, ka, mk, pam, tg, wuu Modifying: ku, la, zh-min-nan
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Монгол Улс'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Mongolia.svg|125px|Mongoliýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Mongolia coa.gif|100px|Mongoliýa gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Mongoliýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Mongoliýa gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:Map of Mongolia topographic de.jpg|right|400px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Ulan-Bator]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Nambaryn Enkhbayar]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Mongoliýa dili|Mongoliýa dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Mongoliýa gimni]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 2,832,224 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 14,825,000<br/> 1.8/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Tugrug]] (MNT)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +7
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +976
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .mn
|}
'''Mongoliýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Russiýa]], [[Gazagystan]], [[Hytaý]] we [[Uýguristan]].
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[an:Mongolia]]
[[ar:منغوليا]]
[[ast:Mongolia]]
[[bg:Монголия]]
[[bn:মঙ্গোলিয়া]]
[[bs:Mongolija]]
[[ca:Mongòlia]]
[[cs:Mongolsko]]
[[cu:Мѫголи]]
[[da:Mongoliet]]
[[de:Mongolei]]
[[el:Μογγολία]]
[[en:Mongolia]]
[[eo:Mongolio]]
[[es:Mongolia]]
[[et:Mongoolia]]
[[eu:Mongolia]]
[[fa:مغولستان]]
[[fi:Mongolia]]
[[fr:Mongolie]]
[[fy:Mongoalje]]
[[gl:Mongolia - Монгол Улс]]
[[he:מונגוליה]]
[[hr:Mongolija]]
[[ht:Mongoli]]
[[hu:Mongólia]]
[[id:Mongolia]]
[[ilo:Mongolia]]
[[io:Mongolia]]
[[is:Mongólía]]
[[it:Mongolia]]
[[ja:モンゴル国]]
[[ka:მონღოლეთი]]
[[ko:몽골]]
[[ku:Mongolya]]
[[kw:Mongoli]]
[[la:Mogolia]]
[[li:Mongolië]]
[[lt:Mongolija]]
[[lv:Mongolija]]
[[mi:Mongōria]]
[[mk:Монголија]]
[[mn:Монгол улс]]
[[mo:Монголия]]
[[ms:Mongolia]]
[[nds:Mongolei]]
[[nl:Mongolië]]
[[nn:Mongolia]]
[[no:Mongolia]]
[[nrm:Mongolie]]
[[oc:Mongolia]]
[[os:Монголи]]
[[pam:Mongolia]]
[[pl:Mongolia]]
[[pt:Mongólia]]
[[ro:Mongolia]]
[[ru:Монголия]]
[[sh:Mongolija]]
[[simple:Mongolia]]
[[sk:Mongolsko]]
[[sl:Mongolija]]
[[sq:Mongolia]]
[[sr:Монголија]]
[[sv:Mongoliet]]
[[tg:Муғулистон]]
[[th:ประเทศมองโกเลีย]]
[[tl:Mongolia]]
[[tr:Moğolistan]]
[[ug:موڭغۇلىيە]]
[[uk:Монголія]]
[[vi:Mông Cổ]]
[[wuu:蒙古国]]
[[zh:蒙古国]]
[[zh-min-nan:Bông-kó͘]]
Wýetnam
2104
5896
2006-06-25T03:53:59Z
Jose77
82
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Vietnam.svg|125px|Wýetnam baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Viet-coa.PNG|100px|Wýetnam gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Wýetnam baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Wýetnam gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationVietnam.png|right|390px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Hanoý]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Trần Đức Lương]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Wýetnam dili|Wýetnam dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Tiến Quân Ca]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 331,689 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 84,238,000<br/> 253/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[đồng]] (₫) (VND)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +7
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +84
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .vn
|}
'''Wýetnam''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Hytaý]], [[Laos]], [[Kamboçiýa]] we [[Malaýziýa]].
==Şäherler==
*[[Hoşimin]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:Vietnam]]
[[ar:فيتنام]]
[[an:Bietnam]]
[[ast:Vietnam]]
[[bg:Виетнам]]
[[zh-min-nan:Oa̍t-lâm]]
[[be:Віетнам]]
[[bs:Vijetnam]]
[[br:Viêt Nam]]
[[ca:Vietnam]]
[[cs:Vietnam]]
[[da:Vietnam]]
[[de:Vietnam]]
[[et:Vietnam]]
[[el:Βιετνάμ]]
[[es:Vietnam]]
[[eo:Vjetnamio]]
[[eu:Vietnam]]
[[fa:ویتنام]]
[[fr:Viêt Nam]]
[[fy:Fietnam]]
[[ga:Vítneam]]
[[gd:Vietnam]]
[[gl:Vietnam - Việt Nam]]
[[ko:베트남]]
[[hi:वियतनाम]]
[[hr:Vijetnam]]
[[io:Vietnam]]
[[ilo:Vietnam]]
[[id:Vietnam]]
[[is:Víetnam]]
[[it:Vietnam]]
[[he:וייטנאם]]
[[ka:ვიეტნამი]]
[[kw:Vietnam]]
[[ku:Viyetnam]]
[[la:Vietnamia]]
[[lv:Vjetnama]]
[[lt:Vietnamas]]
[[li:Viëtnam]]
[[hu:Vietnam]]
[[mk:Виетнам]]
[[mi:Whitināmu]]
[[ms:Vietnam]]
[[nl:Vietnam]]
[[nds:Vietnam]]
[[ja:ベトナム]]
[[no:Vietnam]]
[[nn:Vietnam]]
[[oc:Vietnam]]
[[os:Вьетнам]]
[[pl:Wietnam]]
[[pt:Vietname]]
[[ro:Vietnam]]
[[ru:Вьетнам]]
[[sa:वियेतनाम]]
[[sq:Vietnami]]
[[sh:Vijetnam]]
[[simple:Vietnam]]
[[sk:Vietnam]]
[[sl:Vietnam]]
[[sr:Вијетнам]]
[[fi:Vietnam]]
[[sv:Vietnam]]
[[tl:Vietnam]]
[[ta:வியட்நாம்]]
[[te:వియత్నాం]]
[[th:ประเทศเวียดนาม]]
[[vi:Việt Nam]]
[[tr:Vietnam]]
[[ug:ۋيېتنام]]
[[uk:В'єтнам, Соціалістична Республіка]]
[[wa:Vietnam]]
[[zh:越南]]
Image:Viet-coa.PNG
2105
5887
2006-06-25T03:28:02Z
Jose77
82
Image:Coat of Arms of North Korea.png
2106
5891
2006-06-25T03:41:03Z
Jose77
82
Laos
2107
8273
2006-12-15T22:41:31Z
Escarbot
88
robot Modifying: [[th:ประเทศลาว]]
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Laos.svg|125px|Laos baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Laos coa.png|100px|Laos gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Laos baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Laos gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationLaos.png|right|350px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Wýentýan]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Choummaly Sayasone]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Laos dili|Laos dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Pheng Xat Lao]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 236,800 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 5,924,000<br/> 65/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Kip]] (LAK)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +7
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +856
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .la
|}
'''Laos''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Taýland]], [[Wýetnam]], [[Kamboçiýa]] we [[Hytaý]].
[[Image:LaosCarte.gif|thumb|left|288px|Laos]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[an:Laos]]
[[ar:لاوس]]
[[bg:Лаос]]
[[bs:Laos]]
[[ca:Laos]]
[[cs:Laos]]
[[cy:Laos]]
[[da:Laos]]
[[de:Laos]]
[[el:Λάος]]
[[en:Laos]]
[[eo:Laoso]]
[[es:Laos]]
[[et:Laos]]
[[eu:Laos]]
[[fa:لائوس]]
[[fi:Laos]]
[[fr:Laos]]
[[fy:Laos]]
[[ga:Laos]]
[[gl:República Democrática Popular Lao - ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນ ລາວ]]
[[he:לאוס]]
[[hr:Laos]]
[[ht:Laos]]
[[hu:Laosz]]
[[id:Laos]]
[[ilo:Laos]]
[[io:Laos]]
[[is:Laos]]
[[it:Laos]]
[[ja:ラオス]]
[[jv:Laos (bumbu)]]
[[ka:ლაოსი]]
[[ko:라오스]]
[[ks:लाओस]]
[[ku:Laos]]
[[kw:Pow Lao]]
[[la:Laonia]]
[[li:Laos]]
[[lo:ປະເທດລາວ]]
[[lt:Laosas]]
[[lv:Laosa]]
[[mk:Лаос]]
[[ms:Laos]]
[[nap:Laos]]
[[nds:Laos]]
[[nl:Laos]]
[[nn:Laos]]
[[no:Laos]]
[[oc:Laòs]]
[[os:Лаос]]
[[pam:Laos]]
[[pl:Laos]]
[[pt:Laos]]
[[ro:Laos]]
[[ru:Лаос]]
[[sa:लाओस]]
[[scn:Laos]]
[[sh:Laos]]
[[simple:Laos]]
[[sk:Laos]]
[[sl:Laos]]
[[sq:Laosi]]
[[sr:Лаос]]
[[sv:Laos]]
[[tg:Лаос]]
[[th:ประเทศลาว]]
[[tl:Laos]]
[[tr:Laos]]
[[ug:لائوس]]
[[uk:Лаос]]
[[vi:Lào]]
[[vo:Laoän]]
[[zh:老挝]]
[[zh-min-nan:Lao-kok]]
Kamboçiýa
2108
8351
2006-12-20T15:26:56Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Adding: bo, frp, ku, sw
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''[[Image:Cambodia5.png|350px]]'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Cambodia.svg|125px|Kamboçiýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Coa cambodia.jpg|100px|Kamboçiýas gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Kamboçiýa baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Kamboçiýa gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationCambodia.png|right|350px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Pnompen]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Norodom Sihamoni]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Kamboja dili|Kamboja dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Image:Kh-Motto.png]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
|
181,035 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 14,071,000<br/> 78/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Riel]] (KHR)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +7
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +855
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .kh
|}
'''Kamboçiýa''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Taýland]], [[Wýetnam]], [[Laos]] we [[Hytaý]].
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[an:Campuchia]]
[[ar:كمبوديا]]
[[bg:Камбоджа]]
[[bn:কম্বোডিয়া]]
[[bo:ཅིའན་ཕུ་ཀྲེ]]
[[bs:Kambodža]]
[[ca:Cambodja]]
[[cs:Kambodža]]
[[cy:Cambodia]]
[[da:Cambodja]]
[[de:Kambodscha]]
[[en:Cambodia]]
[[eo:Kamboĝo]]
[[es:Reino de Camboya]]
[[et:Kambodža]]
[[eu:Kanbodia]]
[[fa:کامبوج]]
[[fi:Kambodža]]
[[fr:Cambodge]]
[[frp:Cambodg·e]]
[[fy:Kambodja]]
[[ga:An Chambóid]]
[[gl:Camboxa - កម្ពុជា]]
[[he:קמבודיה]]
[[hi:कम्बूजा]]
[[hr:Kambodža]]
[[ht:Kanbòdj]]
[[hu:Kambodzsa]]
[[ia:Cambodgia]]
[[id:Kamboja]]
[[ilo:Cambodia]]
[[io:Kambodja]]
[[is:Kambódía]]
[[it:Cambogia]]
[[ja:カンボジア]]
[[ka:კამბოჯა]]
[[km:ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា]]
[[ko:캄보디아]]
[[ku:Kembodja]]
[[kw:Kamboji]]
[[la:Cambodia]]
[[li:Cambodja]]
[[lt:Kambodža]]
[[lv:Kambodža]]
[[mi:Kamapōtia]]
[[mk:Камбоџа]]
[[ms:Kemboja]]
[[na:Cambodja]]
[[nds:Kambodscha]]
[[nl:Cambodja]]
[[nn:Kambodsja]]
[[no:Kambodsja]]
[[oc:Cambòtja]]
[[pam:Cambodia]]
[[pl:Kambodża]]
[[ps:کمبوډيا]]
[[pt:Camboja]]
[[ro:Cambodgia]]
[[ru:Камбоджа]]
[[scn:Camboggia]]
[[se:Kampučea]]
[[sh:Kambodža]]
[[simple:Cambodia]]
[[sk:Kambodža]]
[[sl:Kambodža]]
[[sq:Kamboxhia]]
[[sr:Камбоџа]]
[[sv:Kambodja]]
[[sw:Kamboja]]
[[ta:கம்போடியா]]
[[te:కంబోడియా]]
[[tg:Камбоҷа]]
[[th:ประเทศกัมพูชา]]
[[tl:Cambodia]]
[[tr:Kamboçya]]
[[ug:كامبودژا]]
[[uk:Камбоджа]]
[[vi:Campuchia]]
[[zh:柬埔寨]]
[[zh-min-nan:Kampuchea]]
Taýland
2109
8352
2006-12-20T15:54:45Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Adding: bo, br, frp, fy, ka, kn, mg, tg Modifying: it, uk
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''ราชอาณาจักรไทย'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Thailand.svg|125px|Taýland baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Thailand coa.png|100px|Taýland gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Taýland baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Taýland gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationThailand.png|right|350px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Bangkok]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Taýland dili|Taýland dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Phleng Chat]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 514,000 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 64,233,000<br/> 126/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| ฿ [[Baht]] (THB)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +7
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +66
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .th
|}
'''Taýland''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Mýanma]], [[Malaýziýa]], [[Laos]] we [[Hytaý]].
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[af:Thailand]]
[[an:Tailandia]]
[[ar:تايلند]]
[[ast:Tailandia]]
[[az:Tayland]]
[[bg:Тайланд]]
[[bn:থাইল্যান্ড]]
[[bo:ཐའེ་གོ]]
[[br:Thailand]]
[[bs:Tajland]]
[[ca:Tailàndia]]
[[cs:Thajsko]]
[[cy:Gwlad Thai]]
[[da:Thailand]]
[[de:Thailand]]
[[el:Ταϊλάνδη]]
[[en:Thailand]]
[[eo:Tajlando]]
[[es:Tailandia]]
[[et:Tai]]
[[eu:Tailandia]]
[[fa:تایلند]]
[[fi:Thaimaa]]
[[fr:Thaïlande]]
[[frp:Tayilande]]
[[fy:Tailân]]
[[ga:An Téalainn]]
[[gl:Tailandia - ประเทศไทย]]
[[gu:થાઇલેન્ડ]]
[[he:תאילנד]]
[[hi:थाईलैंड]]
[[hr:Tajland]]
[[hu:Thaiföld]]
[[id:Thailand]]
[[ilo:Thailand]]
[[io:Tailando]]
[[is:Taíland]]
[[it:Thailandia]]
[[ja:タイ王国]]
[[ka:ტაილანდი]]
[[kn:ಥೈಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್]]
[[ko:타이]]
[[ks:थाइलैंड]]
[[ku:Tayland]]
[[kw:Pow Tay]]
[[la:Thailandia]]
[[li:Thailand]]
[[lt:Tailandas]]
[[lv:Taizeme]]
[[mg:Thaïlande]]
[[ms:Thailand]]
[[nds:Thailand]]
[[nl:Thailand]]
[[nn:Thailand]]
[[no:Thailand]]
[[oc:Tailàndia]]
[[pam:Thailand]]
[[pl:Tajlandia]]
[[ps:تايلېنډ]]
[[pt:Tailândia]]
[[ro:Thailanda]]
[[ru:Таиланд]]
[[sa:थाइलैंड]]
[[scn:Tailandia]]
[[sh:Tajland]]
[[simple:Thailand]]
[[sk:Thajsko]]
[[sl:Tajska]]
[[sq:Tailanda]]
[[sr:Тајланд]]
[[sv:Thailand]]
[[ta:தாய்லாந்து]]
[[te:థాయిలాండ్]]
[[tg:Таиланд]]
[[th:ประเทศไทย]]
[[tl:Thailand]]
[[tr:Tayland]]
[[uk:Таїланд]]
[[vi:Thái Lan]]
[[zh:泰国]]
[[zh-min-nan:Thài-kok]]
[[zh-yue:泰國]]
Image:Thailand coa.png
2110
5901
2006-06-25T04:21:19Z
Jose77
82
Mýanma
2111
5906
2006-06-25T22:40:26Z
Jose77
82
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''[[Image:Myanmar long form.png|260px]]'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag of Myanmar.svg|125px|Mýanma baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Myanmar COA.gif|100px|Mýanma gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Mýanma baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Mýanma gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationThailand.png|right|350px|]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Ýangon]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Than Shwe]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Mýanma dili|Mýanma dili]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Kaba Ma Kyei]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''
| 676,578 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 50,519,000<br/> 75/km²
|-
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| ฿ [[Kyat]] (K) (mmK)
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| [[UTC]] +6.30
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| +93
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| .mm
|}
'''Mýanma''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
Goňşy [[döwlet]]ler: [[Hindistan]], [[Taýland]], [[Laos]] we [[Hytaý]].
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:Myanmar]]
[[als:Myanmar]]
[[ar:ميانمار]]
[[an:Myanmar]]
[[ast:Myanmar]]
[[zh-min-nan:Biān-tián]]
[[bs:Mijanmar]]
[[bg:Мианмар]]
[[ca:Birmània]]
[[cs:Myanmar]]
[[cy:Myanmar]]
[[da:Burma]]
[[de:Myanmar]]
[[et:Myanmar]]
[[el:Μυανμάρ]]
[[es:Myanmar]]
[[eo:Birmo]]
[[eu:Birmania]]
[[fa:میانمار]]
[[fr:Myanmar]]
[[fy:Birma]]
[[gl:Myanmar - ဴမန္မာ]]
[[ko:미얀마]]
[[hr:Mianmar]]
[[io:Myanmar]]
[[ilo:Myanmar]]
[[id:Myanmar]]
[[ia:Myanmar]]
[[is:Mjanmar]]
[[it:Myanmar]]
[[he:מיאנמר]]
[[ka:მიანმარი]]
[[ks:म्यन्मार]]
[[kw:Byrmani]]
[[ky:Мьянма]]
[[ht:Bimani]]
[[la:Birmania]]
[[lv:Mjanma]]
[[lt:Mianmaras]]
[[li:Börma]]
[[hu:Mianmar]]
[[mk:Мијанмар]]
[[ms:Myanmar]]
[[my:ပ္ရည္ထောင္စုမ္ရန္မာနိုင္ငံတော္]]
[[nl:Myanmar]]
[[ja:ミャンマー]]
[[no:Burma]]
[[nn:Myanmar]]
[[oc:Birmania]]
[[ug:بىرما]]
[[nds:Myanmar]]
[[pl:Birma]]
[[pt:Myanmar]]
[[ro:Myanmar]]
[[ru:Мьянма]]
[[sa:म्यन्मार]]
[[sq:Birmania]]
[[scn:Burma]]
[[simple:Myanmar]]
[[sk:Mjanmarsko]]
[[sl:Mjanmar]]
[[sr:Мијанмар]]
[[sh:Mianmar]]
[[fi:Myanmar]]
[[sv:Myanmar]]
[[tl:Myanmar]]
[[tet:Birmánia]]
[[th:ประเทศพม่า]]
[[vi:Myanma]]
[[tr:Myanmar]]
[[uk:М'янма]]
[[zh:缅甸]]
Wikipedia:Administrators
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Absar
58
[[Wikipedia:Administrators]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Yöneticilik Başvurusu]]
#REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Yöneticilik Başvurusu]]
Template:Türk-Wikipediýa
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Ga1taman
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<div style="background-color:#8CC6FF;font-size:1px;height:8px;border:1px solid #AAAAAA;-moz-border-radius-topright:0.5em;-moz-border-radius-topleft:0.5em;"></div>
<div style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #AAAAAA;border-top:0px solid white;padding:5px 5px 0 5px;margin-bottom:3ex;">
<p>'''Beýleki Türk dillerindäki [[Wikipediýa]]lar'''</p>
[[:az:|Azeriçe ]] | [[:ba:|Başgyrtça ]] | [[:cv:|Çuwaşça ]] | [[:kk:|Gazakça ]] | [[:ky:|Gyrgyzça ]] | [[:uz:|Özbekçe ]] | [[:tt:|Tatarça ]] | [[:tr:|Türkçe]] | '''Türkmençe''' | [[:ug:|Uýgurça]]
</div>
Fenerbahçe
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Atamyrat
15
Terjimesiz copy&paste-ler gerek dal, pikirimce...
MediaWiki:Common.css
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/** CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
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MediaWiki:Clearwatchlist
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(Link to this page as [[$1]])
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'''Warning:''' You are editing a page which is used to provide interface text for the software. Changes to this page will affect the appearance of the user interface for other users.
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MediaWiki:Filewasdeleted
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A file of this name has been previously uploaded and subsequently deleted. You should check the $1 before proceeding to upload it again.
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MediaWiki:History-feed-description
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Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki:History-feed-empty
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The requested page doesn't exist.
It may have been deleted from the wiki, or renamed.
Try [[Special:Search|searching on the wiki]] for relevant new pages.
MediaWiki:History-feed-item-nocomment
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$1 at $2
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MediaWiki:Import-interwiki-history
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Copy all history versions for this page
MediaWiki:Import-interwiki-submit
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MediaWiki:Import-interwiki-text
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Select a wiki and page title to import.
Revision dates and editors' names will be preserved.
All transwiki import actions are logged at the [[Special:Log/import|import log]].
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$1 revision(s)
MediaWiki:Import-revision-count
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$1 {{PLURAL:$1|revision|revisions}}
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Administrative imports of pages with edit history from other wikis.
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Importing pages...
MediaWiki:Importunknownsource
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Unknown import source type
MediaWiki:Licenses
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-
MediaWiki:Loginlanguagelabel
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Language: $1
MediaWiki:Loginlanguagelinks
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* Deutsch|de
* English|en
* Esperanto|eo
* Français|fr
* Español|es
* Italiano|it
* Nederlands|nl
MediaWiki:Metadata help
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Metadata (see [[{{ns:project}}:Metadata]] for an explanation):
MediaWiki:Nmembers
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$1 {{PLURAL:$1|member|members}}
MediaWiki:Noexactmatch
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'''There is no page titled "$1".''' You can [[:$1|create this page]].
MediaWiki:Nouserspecified
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You have to specify a username.
MediaWiki:Nstab-project
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Project page
MediaWiki:Oldrevisionnavigation
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Revision as of $1; $5<br />$3 | $2 | $4
MediaWiki:Perfcachedts
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The following data is cached, and was last updated $1.
MediaWiki:Prefs-watchlist
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Watchlist
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Number of days to show in watchlist:
MediaWiki:Prefs-watchlist-edits
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MediaWiki:Projectpage
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View project page
MediaWiki:Protectedinterface
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This page provides interface text for the software, and is locked to prevent abuse.
MediaWiki:Randomredirect
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MediaWiki:Rcshowhideanons
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MediaWiki:Rcshowhideliu
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MediaWiki:Rcshowhidemine
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$1 my edits
MediaWiki:Rcshowhideminor
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$1 minor edits
MediaWiki:Rcshowhidepatr
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$1 patrolled edits
MediaWiki:Rightslog
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User rights log
MediaWiki:Rightslogentry
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changed group membership for $1 from $2 to $3
MediaWiki:Rightsnone
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(none)
MediaWiki:Session fail preview html
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<strong>Sorry! We could not process your edit due to a loss of session data.</strong>
''Because this wiki has raw HTML enabled, the preview is hidden as a precaution against JavaScript attacks.''
<strong>If this is a legitimate edit attempt, please try again. If it still doesn't work, try logging out and logging back in.</strong>
MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-newbies-sub
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For newbies
MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-newer
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MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-newest
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MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-older
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MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-oldest
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MediaWiki:Sp-newimages-showfrom
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Show new images starting from $1
MediaWiki:Tog-extendwatchlist
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MediaWiki:Tog-watchlisthidebots
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MediaWiki:Unblocked
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[[User:$1|$1]] has been unblocked
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Comment:
MediaWiki:Undeletedfiles
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$1 file(s) restored
MediaWiki:Undeletedpage
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<big>'''$1 has been restored'''</big>
Consult the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations.
MediaWiki:Undeletedrevisions-files
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$1 revisions and $2 file(s) restored
MediaWiki:Undeleteextrahelp
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To restore the entire page, leave all checkboxes deselected and
click '''''Restore'''''. To perform a selective restoration, check the boxes corresponding to the
revisions to be restored, and click '''''Restore'''''. Clicking '''''Reset''''' will clear the
comment field and all checkboxes.
MediaWiki:Undeletereset
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MediaWiki:Unusedtemplates
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MediaWiki:Unusedtemplatestext
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This page lists all pages in the template namespace which are not included in another page. Remember to check for other links to the templates before deleting them.
MediaWiki:Unusedtemplateswlh
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other links
MediaWiki:Uploadnewversion-linktext
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Upload a new version of this file
MediaWiki:Viewsourcefor
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for $1
MediaWiki:Watchlistanontext
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MediaWiki:Watchlistclearbutton
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Clear watchlist
MediaWiki:Watchlistcleardone
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Your watchlist has been cleared. {{PLURAL:$1|$1 item was|$1 items were}} removed.
MediaWiki:Watchlistcleartext
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Are you sure you wish to remove them?
MediaWiki:Watchlistcount
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'''You have {{PLURAL:$1|$1 item|$1 items}} on your watchlist, including talk pages.'''
MediaWiki:Watchlistfor
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Done.
Category:Sport
2221
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2006-12-07T18:13:06Z
82.205.146.188
Turkmenistanyn ilkinji medaly
Turkmenistan
Ashgabat, Bitaraplyk ayynyn 4-i (TDH)
Kataryn paytagyty Dohada gecyan Aziya oyunlarynda shu gun tupenden ok atkam boyunca gecirilen yarysha gatnashyan Igor Pirekeyew
Turkmenistanyn topary ucin ilkinji kumush medaly gazandy. Ashgabatdan 35 yashly halkara derejeli sport ussady bu ustunligi 50 metr aralykdan yatyp ok atmak
boyunca gecirilen yaryshda gazanmagy bashardy. Yaryshyn shu gornushi boyunca 20 yurtdan sportcularyn
50-si ozara basleshdiler. Olaryn dine 40-sy yaryshyn esasy bolegine cykmagy bashardylar.
Igor kwalifikkasion yaryshda 592 ocko toplap ikinji derejani gorkezdi.
Fiinalda bolsa ol 100,2 ocko toplap, umumy toplamaly ockonyn bashden birini yygnady we netijede ol jemi
692.2 ocko toplamagy bashardy.
Türkiýe
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Absar
58
Redirecting to [[Türkiýe Jumhuriyäti]]
#redirect[[Türkiýe Jumhuriyäti]]
Wikipedia:Deneme Kutusu
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6135
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88.241.195.66
orkoc
orkocpalet
Gg
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2006-07-17T14:39:34Z
85.202.255.66
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 300px;"
! colspan="2" bgcolor=lawngreen style="font-size:120%"|Фінська мова ({{lang-fi|suomi}})
|-
| valign="top"|Поиширена в:
|[[Фінляндія]], [[Швеція]], [[Естонія]], [[Норвегія]], [[Карелія]], [[Ингерманландія]]
|-
| valign="top"|Регіон:
| [[Північна Європа]]
|-
| valign="top"|Кількість мовців:
|~ 6 мільйонів
|-
| valign="top"|[[Перелік мов за кількістю мовців|Місце]]:
|
|-
| valign="top"|[[Мовні групи та мови|Класифікація]]:
|[[Уральський]]<br>
[[Фіно-угорські мови|Фіно-угорські]]<br>
[[Фіно-пермські]]<br>
[[Волжсько-фінські]]<br>
[[Фіно-саамські]]<br>
[[Прибалтійсько-фінські мови|Прибалтійсько-фінські]]<br>
'''Фінська'''
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor=lawngreen|'''Офіційний статус'''
|-
| valign="top"|[[Офіційна мова]]:
| valign="top"|[[Фінляндія]], [[Европейський Союз]] та [[Республіка Карелія]].
|-
| valign="top"|Регулюється:
| valign="top"|[[Дослідницький інститут по мовам Фінляндії]]
|-
! colspan="2" bgcolor=lawngreen|Коди мови
|[[ISO 639]]-1||fi
|-
|ISO 639-2||fin
|-
|[[SIL]]||FIN
|}
'''Фі́нськай мова''' ({{lang-fi|suomi}}, {{langi|fi|suomen kieli}}, {{lang-sv|finska}}) — належить до прибалтійсько-фінської вітки [[фіно-угорські мови|фіно-угорська сім'я]] (точніше, групи) мов і класифікується як [[аглютинативна мова|агглютинативні мови]].
Писемність створена на основі [[латинської абетки|латиниці]] (дим. [[фінська абетка]]).
== Росповсюдження ==
На финском языке говорит большинство населения [[Финляндия|Финлядии]] (92%), а также этнические финны, живущие вне пределов Финляндии — в [[Швеция|Швеции]] и [[норвегия|Норвегии]], среди финской диаспоры в [[США]], [[Эстония|Эстонии]], [[россия|России]].
Финский язык является официальным языком [[Финляндия|Финляндии]], а также является официально признанным языком меньшинств в Швеции как стандарт финского языка, как и [[меянкиели]] — финский в шведской области Турнедален. Большинство российских финнов составляют ингерманландцы, переселившиеся в XVII веке на территорию современной [[Ленинградская область|Ленинградской области]]. Также этнические финны живут в [[Карелия|Карелии]].
== История ==
Считается, что прибалтийско-финские языки произошли от протофинского языка, от которого отделился язык Сами в 1500—1000 до н. э. Протофинский язык имеет три диалекта: северный, южный и восточный. Позднее, около 1-го столетия, прибалтийско-финские языки разъединились, но сохранили влияние друг на друга. Поэтому, восточно-финские диалекты произошли от восточного протофинского языка, имеющие особенности характерные для этого языка. В то время, как эстонский язык больше повлиял на южно-западные диалекты.
Язык ингерманландских финнов относится к восточным диалектам финского языка. В прошлом выделялись говоры: эвремейский, саваккокский, говоры западной Ингерманландии, подвергшиеся влиянию [[водский язык|водского]] и [[ижорский язык|ижорского]] языков.
==Общие структурные черты и общая лексика==
В структурных чертах финно-угорских языков иностранец легко узнает особенности финского языка: прежде всего, при склонении слов к ним добавляются окончания, имеющие грамматические функции, и не используются предлоги, как, например, в английском и других германских языках.
Например:
auto (ауто) - машина;
auto-lla (ауто-лла) - на машине;
auto-ssa (ауто-сса) - в машине;
Обилие падежных окончаний в финском языке часто рассматривают как специфическую особенность, объединяющую финский и венгерский. В венгерском языке падежных окончаний примерно двадцать, а в финском - 15. В обоих языках их количество значительно увеличилось по сравнению с праязыком, но основные элементы этой системы восходят к древним падежным окончаниям финно-угорского праязыка. К особенностям видоизменения слов относятся личные окончания глаголов при спряжении, например:
tanssi-a (тансси-а) - танцевать;
tanssi-n (тансси-н) - я танцую;
tanssi-t (тансси-т) - ты танцуешь;
hän tanssi-i (хян тансси-и) - он/она танцует;
tanssi-mme (тансси-мме) - мы танцуем;
tanssi-tte (тансси-тте) -вы танцуете;
he tanssi-vat (хе тансси-ват) - они танцуют;
А также, притяжательные суффиксы, происходящие из тех же основных элементов, например:
auto
auto-ni (ауто-ни) - моя машина;
auto-si (ауто-си) - твоя машина;
И, к тому же, соединяющиеся с падежными окончаниями:
autollani (аутоллани) - на моей машине;
autollasi (аутолласи) - на твоей машине;
Эти черты - общие для всех финно-угорских языков.
Говоря о корнях и строительных элементах финского языка, можно в целом сказать, что он является смесью восточных и западных элементов. Подавляющая часть лексики состоит, помимо сформированных на основе самобытной лексики новых слов, производных и сложных слов, прежде всего из слов, заимствованных из западных индоевропейских языков. Западные индоевропейские языки, от прагерманского и древнескандинавского до современных германских языков и общеевропейского языкового наследия, повлияли не только на лексику, но и на структуру языка, унифицируя древние синтаксические структуры финского языка с европейскими образцами. Следовательно, финский язык имеет восточную основу, но западную поверхность.
==Ссылки==
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=fin Страница финского на портале Ethnologue]
* [http://www.franklang.ru/fin.html Страница финского в языковом проекте Ильи Франка]
{{ЯзыкиЕС}}
{{Interwiki|fi|Etusivu|финском|}}
{{lang-stub}}
[[Категория:Финский язык|*]]
{{Link FA|de}}
{{Link FA|fi}}
[[ang:Finnisc sprǣc]]
[[ar:لغة فنلندية]]
[[az:Fince]]
[[bg:Фински език]]
[[br:Finneg]]
[[ca:Finès]]
[[cs:Finština]]
[[cv:Финн чĕлхи]]
[[da:Finsk (sprog)]]
[[de:Finnische Sprache]]
[[el:Φινλανδική γλώσσα]]
[[en:Finnish language]]
[[eo:Finna lingvo]]
[[es:Idioma finés]]
[[et:Soome keel]]
[[fi:Suomen kieli]]
[[fr:Finnois]]
[[fy:Finsk]]
[[ga:Fionlainnis]]
[[gl:Lingua finesa]]
[[he:פינית]]
[[hr:Finski jezik]]
[[hu:Finn nyelv]]
[[id:Bahasa Finlandia]]
[[io:Finlandana linguo]]
[[is:Finnska]]
[[it:Lingua finlandese]]
[[ja:フィンランド語]]
[[ka:ფინური ენა]]
[[ko:핀란드어]]
[[kw:Finnek]]
[[la:Lingua Finnica]]
[[li:Fins]]
[[lt:Suomių kalba]]
[[mk:Фински јазик]]
[[ms:Bahasa Finland]]
[[nds:Finnsche Spraak]]
[[nl:Fins]]
[[nn:Finsk språk]]
[[no:Finsk språk]]
[[pl:Język fiński]]
[[pt:Língua finlandesa]]
[[ro:Limba finlandeză]]
[[se:Suomagiella]]
[[simple:Finnish language]]
[[sl:Finščina]]
[[sr:Фински језик]]
[[sv:Finska]]
[[ug:فىنلاندىيە تىلى]]
[[zh:芬兰语]]
Requested articles
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196.202.42.169
sss-ss86@mail.ru
salam nahili taplar govimi men sapar gkghkhahdflsa.
Mošovce
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2006-09-02T14:09:24Z
213.215.86.78
m
'''Mošovce''' (Ilat: 1380) - bir [[şäher]] [[Slovakiýa]]'da, berentak taryh [[bina]], we [[poet]] [[Ján Kollár]].
== Eksterne linke ==
*[http://www.mosovce.sk www.mosovce.sk]
*[http://www.mosovce.sk/doc/tur_spr/Brozura-anj.doc Broschura]
*[http://www.tourist-channel.sk/mosovce/indexen.html Info]
*[http://www.bb.telecom.sk/drienok/english Drienok]
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Kastielmosovce.jpg|Bina - Mošovce
Image:Kostolmosovce1.jpg|Protestant bina - Mošovce
Image:Kostolmosovce2.JPG|Katolick bina - Mošovce
Image:Kaplnka-Mosovce.jpg|Bina - Mošovce
Image:Dom-Mosovce.jpg|Bina - Mošovce
Image:Obecmosovce.jpg|Panorama - Mošovce
Image:Mosovce.jpg|Gerbi - Mošovce
Image:Vlajka-Mosovce.jpg|Baýdagy - Mošovce
Image:Map_slovakia_mosovce.png|Mošovce - Slovakiýa
Image:Mapa-Mosovce.png|Mošovce
</gallery>
[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mošovce Commons:Mošovce]
[[Category:Slovakiýa]]
[[be:Мошаўцэ]]
[[bg:Мошовце]]
[[bs:Mošovce]]
[[cs:Mošovce]]
[[da:Mošovce]]
[[de:Mošovce]]
[[el:Μόσοβτσε]]
[[en:Mošovce]]
[[eo:Mošovce]]
[[es:Mošovce]]
[[fo:Mošovce]]
[[fr:Mošovce]]
[[ga:Mošovce]]
[[hr:Mošovce]]
[[hu:Mosóc]]
[[hy:Մոշովցե]]
[[id:Mošovce]]
[[is:Mošovce]]
[[it:Mošovce]]
[[ja:モショヴツェ]]
[[ka:მოშოვცე]]
[[km:មឞវជ]]
[[kk:Мошовце]]
[[ko:모쇼브체]]
[[mi:Mošovce]]
[[mk:Мошовце]]
[[mn:Мошовце]]
[[mo:Мошовце]]
[[nl:Mošovce]]
[[nn:Mošovce]]
[[no:Mošovce]]
[[pl:Mošovce]]
[[pt:Mošovce]]
[[rmy:Mošovce]]
[[rmy:मॊशॊव्त्सि]]
[[ro:Mošovce]]
[[ru:Мошовце]]
[[sh:Mošovce]]
[[simple:Mošovce]]
[[sk:Mošovce]]
[[sl:Mošovce]]
[[sr:Мошовце]]
[[sv:Mošovce]]
[[tl:Mošovce]]
[[tpi:Mošovce]]
[[uk:Мошовце]]
[[vi:Mošovce]]
[[zh:摩受采]]
[[zh-min-nan:Mošovce]]
[[zh-yue:摩受采]]
Saudi Arabystan
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[[Image:Saudi Arabia map.png|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia.png|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:Abdullah of Saudi Arabia.jpg|right|250px|]]
'''Saudi Arabystan''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[an:Arabia Saudí]]
[[ar:المملكة العربية السعودية]]
[[arc:ܣܥܘܕܝ]]
[[ast:Arabia Saudina]]
[[az:Səudiyyə Ərəbistanı]]
[[bn:সৌদি আরব]]
[[zh-min-nan:Saud ê A-la-pek]]
[[bs:Saudijska Arabija]]
[[bg:Саудитска Арабия]]
[[ca:Aràbia Saudita]]
[[cs:Saúdská Arábie]]
[[cy:Saudi Arabia]]
[[da:Saudi-Arabien]]
[[de:Saudi-Arabien]]
[[et:Saudi Araabia]]
[[el:Σαουδική Αραβία]]
[[en:Saudi Arabia]]
[[es:Arabia Saudita]]
[[eo:Saŭda Arabio]]
[[eu:Saudi Arabia]]
[[fa:عربستان سعودی]]
[[fr:Arabie saoudite]]
[[fy:Saûdy-Araabje]]
[[ga:An Araib Shádach]]
[[gl:Arabia Saudí - العربية السعودية]]
[[ko:사우디아라비아]]
[[hr:Saudijska Arabija]]
[[io:Saudia Arabia]]
[[id:Arab Saudi]]
[[ia:Arabia Saudi]]
[[is:Sádí-Arabía]]
[[it:Arabia Saudita]]
[[he:ערב הסעודית]]
[[ka:საუდის არაბეთი]]
[[kw:Arabi Saoudek]]
[[ht:Arabi Sawoudit]]
[[ku:Erebistana Siyûdî]]
[[la:Arabia Saudiana]]
[[lv:Saūda Arābija]]
[[lb:Saudi-Arabien]]
[[lt:Saudo Arabija]]
[[li:Saoedi-Arabië]]
[[hu:Szaúd-Arábia]]
[[ms:Arab Saudi]]
[[nl:Saoedi-Arabië]]
[[ja:サウジアラビア]]
[[no:Saudi-Arabia]]
[[nn:Saudi-Arabia]]
[[oc:Arabia Saudita]]
[[ug:سەئۇدى ئەرەبىستان]]
[[nds:Saudi-Arabien]]
[[pl:Arabia Saudyjska]]
[[pt:Arábia Saudita]]
[[ro:Arabia Saudită]]
[[ru:Саудовская Аравия]]
[[sq:Arabia Saudite]]
[[scn:Arabbia Saudita]]
[[simple:Saudi Arabia]]
[[sk:Saudská Arábia]]
[[sl:Saudova Arabija]]
[[sr:Саудијска Арабија]]
[[sh:Saudijska Arabija]]
[[fi:Saudi-Arabia]]
[[sv:Saudiarabien]]
[[tl:Saudi Arabia]]
[[th:ประเทศซาอุดีอาระเบีย]]
[[vi:Ả Rập Saudi]]
[[tg:Арабистони Саудӣ]]
[[tr:Suudi Arabistan]]
[[uk:Саудівська Аравія]]
[[zh-yue:沙地阿剌伯]]
[[zh:沙特阿拉伯]]
Birleşen Arap Emirlikleri
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[[Image:Satellite image of United Arab Emirates in October.jpg|right|300px|]]
[[Image:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:Coat of arms of United Arab Emirates.png|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:Ruwais(UAE) with blue water towers.JPG|right|300px|]]
[[Image:Wild-wadi.jpg|right|300px|]]
[[Image:Mina-alsalam, Dubai.jpg|right|280px|]]
Bir döwlet [[Aziya]]da.
[[en:United Arab Emirates]]
[[ar:الإمارات العربية المتحدة]]
[[an:Emiratos Arabes Unitos]]
[[zh-min-nan:A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok]]
[[bg:Обединени арабски емирства]]
[[ca:Emirats Àrabs Units]]
[[cs:Spojené arabské emiráty]]
[[da:Forenede Arabiske Emirater]]
[[de:Vereinigte Arabische Emirate]]
[[et:Araabia Ühendemiraadid]]
[[el:Ηνωμένα Αραβικά Εμιράτα]]
[[es:Emiratos Árabes Unidos]]
[[eo:Unuiĝintaj Arabaj Emirlandoj]]
[[fa:امارات متحده عربی]]
[[fr:Émirats arabes unis]]
[[fy:Feriene Arabyske Emiraten]]
[[ga:Aontas na nÉimíríochtaí Arabacha]]
[[gl:Emiratos Árabes Unidos - الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة]]
[[ko:아랍에미리트]]
[[hr:Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati]]
[[io:Unioninta Arabi Emirati]]
[[id:Uni Emirat Arab]]
[[ia:Emiratos Arabe Unite]]
[[is:Sameinuðu arabísku furstadæmin]]
[[it:Emirati Arabi Uniti]]
[[he:איחוד האמירויות הערביות]]
[[kw:Pennternasedh Unys Arabek]]
[[ht:Emira Arab Ini]]
[[la:Emiratus Arabi Uniti]]
[[lv:Apvienotie Arābu Emirāti]]
[[lb:Vereenegt Arabesch Emirater]]
[[lt:Jungtiniai Arabų Emyratai]]
[[li:Vereinegde Arabische Emirate]]
[[hu:Arab Emírségek]]
[[ml:ഐക്യ അറബ് എമിരേറ്റുകള്]]
[[ms:Emiriah Arab Bersatu]]
[[nl:Verenigde Arabische Emiraten]]
[[ja:アラブ首長国連邦]]
[[no:De forente arabiske emirater]]
[[nn:Dei sameinte arabiske emirata]]
[[oc:Emirats Arabs Units]]
[[ug:ئەرەب بىرلەشمە خەلىپىلىكى]]
[[ps:متحده عرب امارات]]
[[nds:Vereenigte Araabsche Emiraten]]
[[pl:Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie]]
[[pt:Emiratos Árabes Unidos]]
[[ro:Emiratele Arabe Unite]]
[[ru:Объединённые Арабские Эмираты]]
[[sq:Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe]]
[[sk:Spojené arabské emiráty]]
[[sl:Združeni arabski emirati]]
[[sr:Уједињени Арапски Емирати]]
[[fi:Arabiemiirikunnat]]
[[sv:Förenade arabemiraten]]
[[tl:United Arab Emirates]]
[[ta:ஐக்கிய அரபு அமீரகம்]]
[[th:สหรัฐอาหรับเอมิเรตส์]]
[[tg:Имороти Муттаҳидаи Араб]]
[[tr:Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri]]
[[uk:Об'єднані Арабські Емірати]]
[[uz:Birlashgan Arab Amirliglar]]
[[zh:阿拉伯联合酋长国]]
Bahreyn
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[[Image:LocationBahrain.png|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:Flag of Bahrain.svg|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:Bahrain coa.png|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:Modern Manama.jpg|right|300px|]]
[[Image:Manama bahrain.jpg|right|300px|]]
'''Bahreyn''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[ar:البحرين]]
[[an:Bahrein]]
[[ast:Bahrein]]
[[bn:বাহরাইন]]
[[zh-min-nan:Bahrain]]
[[bg:Бахрейн]]
[[ca:Bahrain]]
[[cs:Bahrajn]]
[[cy:Bahrain]]
[[da:Bahrain]]
[[de:Bahrain]]
[[et:Bahrein]]
[[el:Μπαχρέιν]]
[[en:Bahrain]]
[[es:Bahréin]]
[[eo:Barejno]]
[[eu:Bahrain]]
[[fa:بحرین]]
[[fr:Bahreïn]]
[[fy:De Barein]]
[[gd:Bahrain]]
[[gl:Bahrain - البحرين]]
[[ko:바레인]]
[[hi:बहरीन]]
[[hr:Bahrein]]
[[io:Bahrain]]
[[id:Bahrain]]
[[os:Бахрейн]]
[[is:Barein]]
[[it:Bahrain]]
[[he:בחריין]]
[[ks:बहरैन]]
[[lv:Bahreina]]
[[lt:Bahreinas]]
[[li:Bahrein]]
[[hu:Bahrein]]
[[ms:Bahrain]]
[[na:Bahrain]]
[[nl:Bahrein]]
[[ja:バーレーン]]
[[no:Bahrain]]
[[nn:Bahrain]]
[[oc:Bahrayn]]
[[ug:بەھرەين]]
[[nds:Bahrain]]
[[pl:Bahrajn]]
[[pt:Bahrein]]
[[ro:Bahrain]]
[[ru:Бахрейн]]
[[sa:बहरैन]]
[[sq:Bahraini]]
[[scn:Bahrain]]
[[simple:Bahrain]]
[[sk:Bahrajn]]
[[sl:Bahrajn]]
[[sr:Бахреин]]
[[fi:Bahrain]]
[[sv:Bahrain]]
[[tl:Bahrain]]
[[th:ประเทศบาห์เรน]]
[[tg:Баҳрайн]]
[[tr:Bahreyn]]
[[uk:Бахрейн]]
[[zh-yue:巴林]]
[[zh:巴林]]
Katar
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2006-07-25T03:19:59Z
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[[Image:Doha Palace.jpg|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani.jpg|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:Modern Doha.jpg|right|300px|]]
[[Image:Al Khor Beach.jpg|right|300px|]]
'''Katar''', bir [[döwlet]] [[Aziýa]]'da.
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[af:Qatar]]
[[ang:Qatar]]
[[ar:قطر]]
[[an:Qatar]]
[[ast:Qatar]]
[[bg:Катар]]
[[zh-min-nan:Qatar]]
[[bs:Katar]]
[[ca:Qatar]]
[[cs:Katar]]
[[da:Qatar]]
[[de:Katar]]
[[en:Qatar]]
[[et:Katar]]
[[es:Qatar]]
[[eo:Kataro (lando)]]
[[eu:Qatar]]
[[fa:قطر (کشور)]]
[[fr:Qatar]]
[[gl:Qatar - قطر]]
[[ko:카타르]]
[[ku:Qeter]]
[[kw:Katar]]
[[hr:Katar]]
[[id:Qatar]]
[[is:Katar]]
[[it:Qatar]]
[[he:קטאר]]
[[lv:Katara]]
[[lt:Kataras]]
[[li:Katar]]
[[hu:Katar]]
[[ms:Qatar]]
[[nl:Qatar]]
[[nds:Katar]]
[[ja:カタール]]
[[no:Qatar]]
[[nn:Qatar]]
[[oc:Qatar]]
[[ug:قاتار]]
[[pl:Katar]]
[[pt:Qatar]]
[[ru:Катар]]
[[sq:Katari]]
[[simple:Qatar]]
[[sk:Katar]]
[[sl:Katar]]
[[sr:Катар]]
[[fi:Qatar]]
[[sv:Qatar]]
[[tl:Qatar]]
[[th:ประเทศกาตาร์]]
[[tr:Katar]]
[[uk:Катар]]
[[vi:Qatar]]
[[zh:卡達]]
Matematika
2235
6281
2006-07-26T15:26:20Z
Ekonomist
91
Matematika bir ylymdyr. Sanlar bilen gyzyklanyar.
===[[Bölüm]]ler===
* [[Algebra]]
* [[Ahtimallyk Teoriyasy]]
* [[Analiz]]
* [[Geometriya]]
* [[Topologiya]]
* [[Sanlar Teoriyasy]]
* [[Kombinatorika]]
* [[Logika]]
* [[Differensiyal Denlemeler]]
Statistika
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2006-07-24T20:16:54Z
81.215.211.107
Statistika Matematikanyn bir bölümidir. Bir bilim ugrydyr. Hasabatlar bilen gyzyklanyar.
Futbol
2237
6182
2006-07-24T20:42:28Z
Ekonomist
91
Futbol dünyade in köp seredilyan we gyzyklanylyan sport görnüşidir.
Golf
2238
6194
2006-07-25T03:16:35Z
Jose77
82
Golf bay adamlar tarapyndan oynalyan sportyn görnüşidir.
[[af:Gholf]]
[[zh-min-nan:Soaⁿ-kiû]]
[[ca:Golf]]
[[cs:Golf]]
[[da:Golf]]
[[de:Golf (Sport)]]
[[en:Golf]]
[[et:Golf]]
[[es:Golf]]
[[eo:Golfo (sporto)]]
[[fa:گلف]]
[[fr:Golf]]
[[ko:골프]]
[[hr:Golf]]
[[io:Golfo]]
[[id:Golf]]
[[it:Golf]]
[[he:גולף]]
[[lv:Golfs]]
[[lt:Golfas]]
[[ms:Golf]]
[[nl:Golf (sport)]]
[[ja:ゴルフ]]
[[no:Golf]]
[[pl:Golf (sport)]]
[[pt:Golfe]]
[[ru:Гольф]]
[[simple:Golf]]
[[sr:Голф]]
[[fi:Golf]]
[[sv:Golf]]
[[ta:கோல்ஃப்]]
[[zh:高爾夫球]]
Göreş
2239
6184
2006-07-24T20:44:44Z
Ekonomist
91
Göreş sportyn bir görnüşidir. Munda her iki tarap bir-biri yykmaga synanyşyar.
Sanlar Teoriyasy
2243
6215
2006-07-25T08:41:26Z
Ekonomist
91
Sanlar Teoriyasy ady üstünde sanlar bilen gyzyklanyar. Munyn içinde iki bölüm bar. [[Algebric Sanlar Teoriyasy]] we [[Analitiki Sanlar Teoriyasy]].
Ahtimallyk Teoriyasy
2244
6216
2006-07-25T08:43:02Z
Ekonomist
91
Ahtimallyk Teoriyasy durmuşda bölup geçyan wakalaryn ahtimallaryny hasaplayar. [[Fizika]]'da we [[Ykdysadyyet]]'de ulanylyar.
Fizika
2245
6217
2006-07-25T08:45:54Z
Ekonomist
91
Fizika energiya we maddanyn hereketlerini barlayan bilim ugrydyr.
Analiz
2246
6218
2006-07-25T08:48:05Z
Ekonomist
91
Analiz matematikada hasaplamalarda öran wajyp rol oynayar. Gurlyşy Limit'in baradadyr.
Kombinatorika
2247
6219
2006-07-25T08:49:08Z
Ekonomist
91
Kombinatorika maddalary nahili sanamak we sanamagyn usullaryny tapmak bilen gyzyklanyar.
Uniwersitet
2248
6576
2006-09-17T21:20:45Z
Amire80
32
iw
[[Türkmenistan]]'daky uniwersitetler.
Magtymguly Uniwersiteti.
Halkara Türkmen-Türk Uniwersiteti
[[Türkiye]]daki Uniwersitetler.
[[Bogaziçi]]
[[ODTU]]
[[ITU]]
[[Marmara]]
[[Istanbul]]
[[Ankara]]
[[Gazi]]
[[Niyazi]]
[[ar:جامعة]]
[[bs:Univerzitet]]
[[bg:Университет]]
[[ca:Universitat]]
[[cv:Университет]]
[[cs:Univerzita]]
[[cy:Prifysgol]]
[[da:Universitet]]
[[de:Universität]]
[[el:Πανεπιστήμιο]]
[[en:University]]
[[es:Universidad]]
[[eo:Universitato]]
[[fr:Université]]
[[ga:Ollscoil]]
[[gl:Universidade]]
[[ko:대학교]]
[[hr:Sveučilište]]
[[id:Universitas]]
[[is:Háskóli]]
[[it:Università]]
[[he:אוניברסיטה]]
[[ka:უნივერსიტეტი]]
[[la:Universitas]]
[[lt:Universitetas]]
[[hu:Egyetem]]
[[ms:Universiti]]
[[nl:Universiteit]]
[[ja:大学]]
[[no:Universitet]]
[[nn:Universitet]]
[[ug:ئۇنىۋېرسىتېت]]
[[pl:Uniwersytet]]
[[pt:Universidade]]
[[ro:Universitate]]
[[qu:Yachay suntur]]
[[ru:Университет]]
[[simple:University]]
[[sk:Univerzita]]
[[sl:Univerza]]
[[sh:Univerzitet]]
[[fi:Yliopisto]]
[[sv:Universitet]]
[[tl:Unibersidad]]
[[th:มหาวิทยาลัย]]
[[tr:Üniversite]]
[[uk:Університет]]
[[yi:אוניווערסיטעט]]
[[zh:大学 (教育机构)]]
Bogaziçi
2249
6226
2006-07-25T09:34:41Z
81.215.112.113
Bogaziçi Türkiyanin Stambul şaherinde bir uniwersitet.
ODTU
2250
6574
2006-09-17T21:16:21Z
Amire80
32
iw
ODTU Türkiyanin Ankara şaherinde bir uniwersitet.
[[en:Middle East Technical University]]
[[de:Technische Universität des Nahen Ostens]]
[[tr:Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi]]
ITU
2251
6228
2006-07-25T09:35:51Z
81.215.112.113
ITU(Istanbul Tehniki Uniwersiteti) Stambul, Türkiyededir.
Sosiýologiýa
2252
6229
2006-07-25T09:38:02Z
81.215.112.113
Sosyologiya jemgiyet we jemgiyetdaki adamlaryn birbiri bilen gatnaşyklary barada gyzyklanyan bilim ugrydyr.
Kiçi Balkan Dagynyn
2253
6233
2006-07-25T10:26:55Z
81.215.112.113
[[Türkmenistan]]'yn Balkan welayatynda bir dag.
Çyn Isa Serkowy
2256
8337
2006-12-18T01:08:39Z
Thijs!bot
133
robot Adding: ang, arc, as, az, bar, bn, bpy, cbk-zam, chr, cv, diq, fiu-vro, fj, fo, got, gu, haw, ig, io, jbo, km, nn, nov, pa, rm, roa-rup, rw, sa, simple, so, tg, tpi, tt, ug, vls, wa, wuu, yi Removing: mo Modifying: ar, da, eu, fi, hu, ms, nds,
[[Image:TJC.jpg|right]]
"'''Çyn Isa Serkowy'''" garaşsyz serkowdyr. Ol 1917de [[Pekin]], [[Hytaý]] da guruldy. Şu wagt munyn 45 döwletde çenek bilen 1.5 million agzasy bar. Bu serkow [[Hristiyanlygyn]] 20-nji asyrda yüze çykan [[Protestanlyk]] bölümüne degişli. Bu serkow Taze Yyl Bayramyny gutlamayar.
Serkowyn 10 sany ynanjy:
#Mukaddes Ruh
#Baptizm
#Mukaddes Birleşmek
#Ruh güni
#Ayak Yuwmak
#Isa Pygamber
#Mukaddes Injil
#Halas Bolmak
#Serkow
#Sonky hukuk/hak
[[af:Ware Jesuskerk]]
[[als:Wahre Kirche Jesu]]
[[am:ዕውነተኛ ኢየሱስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]]
[[an:Berdadera Ilesia de Chesús]]
[[ang:Sōþ Iesus Cirice]]
[[ar:كنيسة يسوع الحقيقي]]
[[arc:ܕܘܨ ܝܫܘ ܥܘܡܪܐ]]
[[as:প্ৰকৃত যীশু গীৰ্জা]]
[[ast:Verdadera Ilesia de Xesús]]
[[az:Həqiqi İsa Kilsəsi]]
[[bar:Wahre Jesus Kirchn]]
[[bat-smg:Tėkruojė Jezaus bažninčė]]
[[be:Праўдзівая Царква Ісуса]]
[[bg:Истинска църква на Исус]]
[[bn:সত্য যীশু গীর্জা]]
[[bpy:হায় যীশুর গীর্জাগ]]
[[br:Iliz Gwir Jezuz]]
[[bs:Prava Crkva Isusova]]
[[ca:Veritable Església de Jesús]]
[[cbk-zam:El Verdadero Iglesia de Jesus]]
[[ceb:Matuod Simbahan ni Jesus]]
[[chr:ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᏥᏌᏯ]]
[[cs:Pravá církev Ježíšova]]
[[csb:Prôwdzëwô Cerkwiô Jezësa]]
[[cv:Иссусăн чăн чиркĕвĕ]]
[[cy:Eglwys y Gwir Iesu]]
[[da:Den Sande Jesus Kirke]]
[[de:Wahre Kirche Jesu]]
[[diq:Kiliseyê Gercek Hz. İsay]]
[[dv:ހަގީގީ މަސީހީ ކަނީސާ]]
[[el:Αληθινή Εκκλησία του Ιησού]]
[[en:True Jesus Church]]
[[eo:Vera Eklezio de Jesuo]]
[[es:La Verdadera Iglesia de Jesús]]
[[et:Tõeline Jeesuse Kirik]]
[[eu:Jesusen Egiazko Eliza]]
[[fa:کلیسای حقیقی عیسی]]
[[fi:Todellisen Jeesuksen Kirkko]]
[[fiu-vro:Tõõlinõ Jeesusõ Kerik]]
[[fj:Dina Jisu Lotu]]
[[fo:Sannur Jesus Kirkja]]
[[fr:Véritable Église de Jésus]]
[[fur:Vere Glesie di Jesù]]
[[fy:Wiere Jezustsjerke]]
[[ga:Eaglais Fhíor Íosa]]
[[gd:Eaglais Fhìor Ìosa]]
[[gl:Verdadeira Igrexa de Xesús]]
[[got:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍃]]
[[gu:સત્ય ઈશુ મસીહ ઘર]]
[[gv:Agglish Yeesey Firrinagh]]
[[haw:Ka Ho'omana Iesū 'Oia'i'o]]
[[he:הכנסייה האמיתית של ישו]]
[[hi:ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर]]
[[hr:Prava Crkva Isusova]]
[[ht:Legliz de Vre Jezi]]
[[hu:Igaz Jézus Egyház]]
[[hy:Հիսուսի ճշմարիտ Եկեղեցի]]
[[ia:Ver Ecclesia de Jesus]]
[[id:Gereja Yesus Sejati]]
[[ig:Ezigbo ulo uka Jesu]]
[[ilo:Agpayso a Simbaan ni Jesus]]
[[io:Vera Eklezio di Iesu]]
[[is:Sanna Jesús kirkjan]]
[[it:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]]
[[ja:真イエス教会]]
[[jbo:stace lijda befi la .iecuax]]
[[jv:Gréja Yesus Sajati]]
[[ka:ქრისტეს ჭეშმარიტი ეკლესია]]
[[kg:Dibundu ya Yesu ya Kyeleka]]
[[kk:Исаның Нағыз Шіркеуі]]
[[km:ព្រះវិហារយេស៊ូគ្រិស្គពិត]]
[[kn:ಟ್ರೂ ಜೀಸಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]]
[[ko:참예수교회]]
[[ksh:Kirresh fum Woohre Jesu Krißti en Shiina]]
[[ku:Klîsa ya Îsa yê rastîn]]
[[kv:Истинная церковь Иисуса]]
[[kw:Eglos Wir Yesu]]
[[ky:Ыйсанын Нукура Чиркөөсү]]
[[la:Vera Ecclesia Iesu]]
[[lad:Verdadera Eglesia de Jesus]]
[[lb:True Jesus Church]]
[[li:Ware Zjezus Kèrk]]
[[lmo:Vera gesa da Gesüü Criist]]
[[lo:ນິກາຍ ໂບດທູຈຶຊັດ]]
[[lt:Tikrojo Jėzaus bažnyčia]]
[[lv:Patiesā Jēzus Baznīca]]
[[map-bms:Gereja Yesus Sejati]]
[[mg:Tena Fiangonan'i Jesoa]]
[[mi:Hāhi Tika o Ihu]]
[[mk:Вистинска црква на Исус]]
[[ml:സത്യ യേശു സഭ]]
[[mn:Үнэн Есүсийн Сүм]]
[[mr:सत्य येशू प्रार्थनास्थळ]]
[[ms:Gereja Jesus Benar]]
[[mt:Knisja Vera ta' Ġesù]]
[[my:စစ္မ္ဟန္ေသာေယရ္ဟုဘုရား၏အသင္းေတာ္]]
[[nap:'A chiesa overa 'e Giesù]]
[[nds:Wohre Jesuskark]]
[[nds-nl:Waore Jezuskärke]]
[[ne:साँचो यशु गिर्जाघर]]
[[nl:Ware Jezuskerk]]
[[nn:Den sanne jesuskyrkja]]
[[no:Sanne Jesus Kirke]]
[[nov:Veri Jesu Eklesie]]
[[nrm:Véthitabl'ye Églyise dé Jésû]]
[[oc:Glèisa vertadièra de Jèsus]]
[[os:Чырыстийы æцæг аргъуан]]
[[pa:ਸੱਚ ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀ ਗਿਰਜਾ ਘਰ]]
[[pam:Tutung Pisamban nang Jesus]]
[[pap:E Misa Berdadero di Hesus]]
[[pdc:True Jesus Church]]
[[pl:Prawdziwy Kościół Jezusa]]
[[pms:La Vera Cesa ëd Gesù]]
[[ps:د مسيح حقيقي کليسا]]
[[pt:Verdadeira Igreja de Jesus]]
[[rm:Baselgia Vaira da Jesus]]
[[rmy:I Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski]]
[[ro:Biserica Adevăratului Isus]]
[[roa-rup:Bisearica di Dealihea al Isus]]
[[ru:Истинная церковь Иисуса]]
[[rw:Idini Ryitwa Yezu Nyakuri]]
[[sa:ट्रु जीसस चर्च]]
[[scn:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]]
[[sco:True Jesus Kirk]]
[[sd:سَچِي يَسُو چَرچ]]
[[sh:Prava Crkva Isusova]]
[[si:සත්යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]
[[simple:True Jesus Church]]
[[sk:Pravá cirkev Ježišova]]
[[sl:Prava Jezusova Cerkev]]
[[so:Mida Rumeed Kaniisada Ciise]]
[[sq:Kisha e Vërtetë e Jezusit]]
[[sr:Прaвa црквa Исусoвa]]
[[su:Gareja Yesus Sajati]]
[[sv:The True Jesus Church]]
[[sw:True Jesus Church]]
[[ta:உண்மையான இயேசு தேவாலயம்]]
[[te:నిజ ఏసుక్రీస్తు మండలి]]
[[tg:Масчиди хаконии Исо]]
[[th:โบสถ์ทรูจีซัส]]
[[tl:Totoong Simbahan ni Hesus]]
[[to:Siasi moʻoni ʻa Sēsū]]
[[tpi:Tru Jisas Lotu]]
[[tr:Gerçek İsa Kilisesi]]
[[tt:Ğaysanıñ Çın Çirkäwe]]
[[ug:ئەمەلیي ئەيسا چەركوۋ]]
[[uk:Істинна церква Ісуса]]
[[ur:کلیساۓ عیسوی حقیقی]]
[[uz:Chin Iso Cherkovi]]
[[vec:Vera Ciesa de Gesù]]
[[vi:Chân Giê-xu Giáo hội]]
[[vls:Woare Jezuskerke]]
[[wa:Vraiye Eglijhe da Djezus]]
[[war:Tinuod Hesus Simbahan]]
[[wuu:真耶稣教会]]
[[yi:ישו'ס ריכטיגע קירכע]]
[[yo:Ijo Jesu l’otito]]
[[zh:真耶稣教会]]
[[zh-min-nan:Chin Iâ-so͘ Kàu-hōe]]
[[zh-yue:真耶穌教會]]
[[zu:True Jesus Church]]
Halk Gatnaşyklary
2257
6243
2006-07-26T14:19:45Z
193.140.194.117
===Gazetler===
* [[Turkmenistan]]
* [[Neytralniy Turkmenistan]]
* [[Aşgabat]]
* [[Watan]]
* [[Zaman]]
* [[Beyik Turkmenbaşynyn Nesli]]
* [[Galkynyş]]
* [[Mugallymlar gazeti]]
* [[Esger]]
* [[Adalat]]
* [[Turkmening Yupek Yoly]]
* [[Edebiyat we Sungat]]
* [[Turkmen Dili]]
* [[Turkmen Sporty]]
* [[Biznes Reklama]]
Turkmenistan
2258
6844
2006-09-25T01:59:02Z
70.16.254.144
Redirecting to [[Türkmenistan]]
#redirect [[Türkmenistan]]
Neytralniy Turkmenistan
2259
6245
2006-07-26T14:23:23Z
193.140.194.117
'''Neytralniy Turkmenistan''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Gazet
2260
7385
2006-11-18T14:51:18Z
Ga1taman
128
Gündelik yada Hepdelik habarlary çap edyan serişde.
===Gazetler===
* [[Turkmenistan]]
* [[Neytralniy Turkmenistan]]
* [[Aşgabat]]
* [[Watan]]
* [[Zaman]]
* [[Beyik Turkmenbaşynyn Nesli]]
* [[Galkynyş]]
* [[Mugallymlar gazeti]]
* [[Esger]]
* [[Adalat]]
* [[Turkmening Yupek Yoly]]
* [[Edebiyat we Sungat]]
* [[Turkmen Dili]]
* [[Turkmen Sporty]]
* [[Biznes Reklama]]
Watan
2261
6247
2006-07-26T14:25:01Z
193.140.194.117
'''Watan''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Zaman
2262
6248
2006-07-26T14:25:27Z
193.140.194.117
'''Zaman''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Beyik Turkmenbaşynyn Nesli
2263
6249
2006-07-26T14:27:29Z
Ekonomist
91
'''Beyik Turkmenbaşynyn Nesli''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Galkynyş
2264
6250
2006-07-26T14:28:10Z
Ekonomist
91
'''Galkynyş''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Mugallymlar gazeti
2265
6251
2006-07-26T14:28:49Z
Ekonomist
91
'''Mugallymlar Gazeti''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Esger
2266
6252
2006-07-26T14:29:40Z
Ekonomist
91
'''Esger''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Adalat
2267
6253
2006-07-26T14:30:23Z
Ekonomist
91
'''Adalat''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Turkmening Yupek Yoly
2268
6254
2006-07-26T14:31:31Z
Ekonomist
91
'''Turkmening Yupek Yoly''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Edebiyat we Sungat
2269
6255
2006-07-26T14:34:44Z
Ekonomist
91
'''Edebiyat we Sungat''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Turkmen Dili
2270
6846
2006-09-25T02:03:51Z
70.16.244.121
Redirecting to [[Türkmen dili]]
#redirect [[Türkmen dili]]
Turkmen Sporty
2271
6257
2006-07-26T14:36:18Z
Ekonomist
91
'''Türkmen Sporty''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Biznes Reklama
2272
6258
2006-07-26T14:36:46Z
Ekonomist
91
'''Biznes Reklama''', bir [[gazet]] [[Türkmenistan]]'da.
Inzenerlik
2273
6259
2006-07-26T14:39:34Z
Ekonomist
91
* [[ Kompyuter Inzenerligi]]
* [[Elektronika Inzenerligi]]
* [[Himiya Inzenerligi]]
* [[Gurluşyk Inzenerligi]]
* [[ Industriya Inzenerligi]]
* [[Mehanika Inzenerligi]]
* [[ Nebit-Gaz Inzenerligi]]
Arheologiýa
2274
7216
2006-10-29T11:11:52Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[yi:ארכעאלאגיע]]
Gazuw-agtaryş işleri bilen gyzyklanyan bilim ugrydyr.
[[af:Argeologie]]
[[als:Archäologie]]
[[an:Arquiolochía]]
[[ar:علم الآثار]]
[[bat-smg:Arkeuoluogėjė]]
[[be:Археалёгія]]
[[bg:Археология]]
[[bn:প্রত্নতত্ত্ববিদ্যা]]
[[bs:Arheologija]]
[[ca:Arqueologia]]
[[ceb:Arkeyolohiya]]
[[co:Archiulugia]]
[[cs:Archeologie]]
[[csb:Archeòlogijô]]
[[cy:Archaeoleg]]
[[da:Arkæologi]]
[[de:Archäologie]]
[[el:Αρχαιολογία]]
[[en:Archaeology]]
[[eo:Arkeologio]]
[[es:Arqueología]]
[[et:Arheoloogia]]
[[eu:Arkeologia]]
[[fa:باستانشناسی]]
[[fi:Arkeologia]]
[[fiu-vro:Arkeoloogia]]
[[fr:Archéologie]]
[[fur:Archeologjie]]
[[gd:Àrsaidheachd]]
[[gl:Arqueoloxía]]
[[he:ארכאולוגיה]]
[[hr:Arheologija]]
[[hu:Régészet]]
[[ia:Archeologia]]
[[id:Arkeologi]]
[[io:Arkeologio]]
[[is:Fornleifafræði]]
[[it:Archeologia]]
[[ja:考古学]]
[[ka:არქეოლოგია]]
[[ko:고고학]]
[[ky:Археология]]
[[la:Archaeologia]]
[[lad:Arkeolojiya]]
[[lb:Archeologie]]
[[li:Archeologie]]
[[lt:Archeologija]]
[[lv:Arheoloģija]]
[[mk:Археологија]]
[[ms:Arkeologi]]
[[nap:Archeologgia]]
[[nl:Archeologie]]
[[nn:Arkeologi]]
[[no:Arkeologi]]
[[nrm:Archéologie]]
[[pl:Archeologia]]
[[pt:Arqueologia]]
[[ro:Arheologie]]
[[ru:Археология]]
[[scn:Archioluggìa]]
[[sco:Airchaeologie]]
[[sh:Arheologija]]
[[simple:Archaeology]]
[[sk:Archeológia]]
[[sl:Arheologija]]
[[sq:Arkeologjia]]
[[sr:Археологија]]
[[su:Arkéologi]]
[[sv:Arkeologi]]
[[sw:Akiolojia]]
[[ta:தொல்பொருளியல்]]
[[th:โบราณคดี]]
[[tl:Arkeolohiya]]
[[tr:Arkeoloji]]
[[ug:ئارخېئولوگىيە]]
[[uk:Археологія]]
[[vi:Khảo cổ học]]
[[vo:Vönotav]]
[[yi:ארכעאלאגיע]]
[[zh:考古学]]
[[zh-yue:考古學]]
Daglar
2275
8031
2006-12-07T08:09:43Z
Chopanov
131
* [[Köpetdag]]
* [[Köýtendag]]
* [[Uly Balkan]]
* [[Kiçi Balkan]]
Köpetdag
2276
6265
2006-07-26T14:59:37Z
Ekonomist
91
[[Aşgabat]] [[şaher]]inin yakynynda yerleşen bir dagdyr.
Uly Balkan dagy
2277
7304
2006-11-14T23:35:16Z
Parahat
8
[[Uly Balkan]] sahypasy [[Uly Balkan dagy]] sahypasyna göçürildi
'''Uly Balkan''' - [[Türkmenistan]]yň [[Balkan welaýaty|Balkan]] welaýatynda yerleşýän [[dag]].
Dag
2278
7267
2006-11-14T21:09:32Z
Parahat
8
'''Dag''' depanin uly görnüşi. Dünyäde iň uly dag [[Gimalaý]] dagydyr. Onuň iň beýik depesi bolan [[Ewerest]] bolsa [[Ýer şary]]nyň iň belent depesi hökmünde tanalýar.
Ewerest
2279
7270
2006-11-14T21:11:47Z
Parahat
8
Ýer şaryndaky iň belent depe.
Amyderya
2280
6273
2006-07-26T15:12:46Z
Ekonomist
91
[[Türkmenistan]]'da bir [[derya]]'dyr.
Derya
2281
6274
2006-07-26T15:13:54Z
Ekonomist
91
Başyny akarsuwlardan alyp gaydayan suwlaryn birigen yeridir.
Kiçi Balkan
2282
6275
2006-07-26T15:15:13Z
Ekonomist
91
[[Türkmenistan]]'yn [[Balkan]] welayatynda bir [[dag]]'dyr.
Etrek
2283
7727
2006-11-25T10:59:23Z
Ga1taman
128
[[Türkmenistan]]'da yerleşen bir şäherdir.
Algebra
2284
6278
2006-07-26T15:21:27Z
Ekonomist
91
* [[Denlemeler]]
* [[Grup Teoriyasy]]
* [[Halka Teoriyasy]]
* [[Jisim Teoriyasy]]
* [[Polynomlar]]
Logika
2285
6279
2006-07-26T15:24:20Z
Ekonomist
91
* [[Paradoks]]'lar
Paradoks
2286
6280
2006-07-26T15:25:26Z
Ekonomist
91
[[Zeno Paradoksy]]
Geometriya
2287
6282
2006-07-26T15:27:33Z
Ekonomist
91
Şekiller bilen gyzyklnyar.
* [[Trigonometriya]]
Sazanda
2289
6296
2006-07-27T13:38:47Z
Sazanda
95
Turkmen internet web sahypalary: [http://merjen.8m.com/turkmenweb.html]
----
Türkmençe: [http://www.turkmence.com]
----
Halkara Informatika Olimpiyadasy
2290
6372
2006-08-08T11:32:33Z
82.205.146.188
Halkara Informatika Olimpiyadasy (IOI, International Olympiad in Informatics) informatika dersi boyunca mekdep okuwcylarynyn arasynda her yilda gecirilyan basleshikdir. Birinji HIO [[1989]]-nji yilda gecirildi.
Basleshik 2 gunluk kompyuter programmirlemekden we algoritmik meseleleri cozmekden ybarat. Her okuwcynyn ozi ayri yarisyar. Gatnasyan her Dowletden 4-e cenli okuwcy getirmek bolyar ([[2004]]-nji yilda 81 golay yurt gatnasdy). Okuwcylar oz yurtlarynda gecirilyan Dowlet basleshiklerine gora saylanyarlar. Meselem, [[Turkmenistan|Turkmenistanyn]] adyndan gatnasyan topar, Turkmenistanyn mekdep okuwcylarynyn arasynda gecirilyan "Beyik Saparmyrat Turkmenbashi zamanasynyn altyn zehinleri" atly informatika we kompyuter tehnologiyalarynyn esaslary dersi boyunca basleshige gora saylanyar.
Turkmenistan IOI99(dine yolbascy), IOI2000, IOI2001(dine yolbascy), IOI2002, IOI2003, IOI2004, IOI2005(1-nji ustunlik) gatnashdy we IOI2006 tayyarlyk gorulyar.
== Basleshigin gecirilsi ==
Basleshigin her gununde okuwcylara 3 sany mesele we olary cozmek ucin 5 sagat berilyar. Her okuwcynyn yeke ozi ishlemeli, dine oz kompyuteri bilen we okuwcydan, kitapdan hic hili komek almazdan. Meseleleri cozmek ucin okuwcylar [[C_programmirleme_dili|C]], [[C++]] yada [[Paskal]] [[programmirleme]] dilinde programma yazmaly we ony 5 sagat gecmezden on ibermeli bolyarlar. Synag gutaranyndan sonra, onden tayyarlanan gizli testler (koplenc 10-20 test bolyar) bilen hemme kisinin programmalary barlanyar. Her dogry gecen test ucin okuwcy belli bir baha alyar. Yazilan programma belli bir wagtyn icinde ishini gutarmaly, rugsat edilen yatdan artykmac ulanmaly dal we dogry jogap cykarmaly.
Birinji we ikinji gunlerde alynan ballar jemlenyar. Yapilis dabarada okuwcylara olaryn bahalaryna gora medallar paylanyar.
== IOI bolan yerleri we sahypalary ==
* '''IOI 2009''' [[2009|2009-nji]] yilda [[Plovdiv]], [[Bulgaria]] geciriler.
* '''IOI 2008''' [[2008|2008-nji]] yilda [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]] geciriler.
* '''IOI 2007''' [[2007|2007-nji]] yilda [[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]] geciriler.
* '''IOI 2006''' [[2006|2006-nji]] yilin [[Mérida, Yucatán|Mérida]], [[Yucatán]], [[Mexico]], [[August 13]] - [[August 20|20]], [[2006]] [http://www.ioi2006.org/]
* '''IOI 2005''' was held in [[Nowy Sącz]], [[Poland]], [[August 18]] - [[August 25|25]], [[2005]] [http://www.ioi2005.pl/]
* '''IOI 2004''' was held in [[Athens]], [[Greece]], [[September 11]] - [[September 18|18]], [[2004]] [http://www.ioi2004.org/]
* '''IOI 2003''' was held in [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]], [[United States|USA]], [[August 16]] - [[August 23|23]], [[2003]] [http://www.ioinformatics.org/ioi2003/]
* '''IOI 2002''' was held in [[Yongin|Yong-In]], [[Republic of Korea]], [[August 18]] - [[August 25|25]], [[2002]] [http://www.ioi2002.or.kr/]
* '''IOI 2001''' was held in [[Tampere]], [[Finland]], [[July 14]] - [[July 21|21]], [[2001]] [http://www.ioi2001.edu.fi/]
* '''IOI 2000''' was held in [[Beijing]], [[People's Republic of China]], [[September 23]] - [[September 30|30]], [[2000]]
*'''IOI 1999''' was held in [[Antalya|Antalya-Belek]], [[Turkey]], [[October 9]] - [[October 16|16]], [[1999]] [http://www.ioi99.org.tr/]
* '''IOI 1998''' was held in [[Setúbal]], [[Portugal]], [[September 5]] - [[September 12|12]], [[1998]]
* '''IOI 1997''' was held in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]], [[November 30]] - [[December 7]], [[1997]]
* '''IOI 1996''' was held in [[Veszprém]], [[Hungary]], [[July 25]] - [[August 2]], [[1996]]
* '''IOI 1995''' was held in [[Eindhoven]], The [[Netherlands]], [[June 26]] - [[July 3]], [[1995]] [http://olympiads.win.tue.nl/ioi95/]
* '''IOI 1994''' was held in [[Haninge]], [[Sweden]], [[July 3]] - [[July 10|10]], [[1994]]
* '''IOI 1993''' was held in [[Mendoza]], [[Argentina]], [[October 16]] - [[October 25|25]], [[1993]] [http://www.ioi.org.ar/mendoza/]
* '''IOI 1992''' was held in [[Bonn]], [[Germany]], [[July 11]] - [[July 21|21]], [[1992]]
* '''IOI 1991''' was held in [[Athens]], [[Greece]], [[May 19]] - [[May 25|25]], [[1991]]
* '''IOI 1990''' was held in [[Minsk]], [[Belarus|Belarusian SSR]], [[Soviet Union]], [[July 15]] - [[July 21|21]], [[1990]]
* '''IOI 1989''' was held in [[Pravets|Pravetz]], [[Bulgaria]], [[May 16]] - [[May 19|19]], [[1989]].
== Seredin ==
* [[Halkara Matematika Olimpiyadasy]]
* [[Halkara Fizika Olimpiyadasy]]
* [[Halkara Biologiya Olimpiyadasy]]
* [[Halkara Himiya Olimpiyadasy]]
== Sepler ==
*[http://www.tmolympiad.org/ Turkmenistan Bilim Olimpiyadalary]
*[http://www.ioinformatics.org/ IOI Halkara komitet web-sahypasy]
*[http://olympiads.win.tue.nl/ioi/ IOI Katib web-sahypasy]
*[http://www.ioi2005.pl/ IOI 2005 Web-sahypasy]
*[http://www.ioi2006.org/ IOI 2006 Web-sahypasy]
Yslam
2293
6334
2006-07-29T11:25:45Z
Ekonomist
91
Yeke Tanryly bir dindir. Yslam dinine ynanan adamlara [[Musulman]] diyilyar. Pygammeri Hezreti Muhammetdir.
Türkmienistan Soviet Socialistik Riespublikasy/Türkmienistan SSR
2295
6346
2006-08-01T10:20:29Z
193.255.3.14
ktırtyuryurtyurtyurtyutyu
Türkmenistanyn Milli Futbol Ligasy
2296
6873
2006-09-30T16:28:38Z
85.97.71.47
Her yyl 2 aylawda - öyde we myhmançylykda oyunlar geçirilyar.
==Hazirki Toparlar (2006)==
*[[HTTU Topary]]
*[[Nisa Topary]]
*[[Nebitçi Topary ]]
*[[Köpetdag Topary ]]
*[[Mewr Topary ]]
*[[Şagadam topary]]
*[[Turan topary ]]
*[[Aşgabat Topary ]]
HTTU Topary
2297
6356
2006-08-04T11:36:36Z
Ekonomist
91
[[Türkmenistanyn Milli Futbol Ligasy]]'nda bir topardyr. Halakara Türkmen-Türk Uniwersitetinin futbol topary. aşgabatda yerleşen. 2005-njy yylda çempiyon boldy.
Mosovce
2301
6365
2006-08-06T23:02:13Z
213.215.86.78
Redirecting to [[Mošovce]]
#REDIRECT[[Mošovce]]
Moşovce
2302
6369
2006-08-07T19:33:28Z
213.215.86.78
Redirecting to [[Mošovce]]
#REDIRECT[[Mošovce]]
Template:User fr-3
2304
6374
2006-08-09T14:36:14Z
Mskyrider
101
<div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''fr-3'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" |Cette personne peut contribuer avec un niveau '''[[:Category:User fr-3|avancé]]''' en '''[[Fransızca|français]]'''.[[Category:User fr|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User fr-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}</div>
Template:Sütun-baş
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2006-08-09T18:46:44Z
Mskyrider
101
<onlyinclude>{| width={{{tüm en}}} style="margin-left:{{{sol kenar}}}; margin-top:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:{{{harf büyüklüğü}}}; line-height:{{{satır yüksekliği}}}"
| width={{{sütun eni}}} bgcolor={{{zemin rengi}}} style="padding-left:7px; padding-right:7px" valign=top |</onlyinclude>
Uygulamak için,
{| style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.2"
| <pre>{{Sütun-baş | tüm en = | sol kenar = | harf büyüklüğü = | satır yüksekliği = | sütun eni = | zemin rengi = }}</pre>
|}
Template:Sütun-orta
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2006-08-09T18:47:51Z
Mskyrider
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<onlyinclude>| width={{{ara en}}} | <nowiki></nowiki>
| width={{{sütun eni}}} bgcolor={{{zemin rengi}}} style="padding-left:7px; padding-right:7px" valign=top |</onlyinclude>
Uygulamak için,
{| style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.2"
| <pre>{{Sütun-orta | ara en = | sütun eni = | zemin rengi = }}</pre>
|}
Template:Sütun-son
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2006-08-09T18:49:22Z
Mskyrider
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[[Tenplate:Sütun-son]] moved to [[Template:Sütun-son]]
<onlyinclude>|}</onlyinclude>
Uygulamak için,
{| style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.2"
| <pre>{{Sütun-son}}</pre>
|}
Tenplate:Sütun-son
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2006-08-09T18:49:22Z
Mskyrider
101
[[Tenplate:Sütun-son]] moved to [[Template:Sütun-son]]
#REDIRECT [[Template:Sütun-son]]
Image:TJC.jpg
2309
6391
2006-08-11T21:33:24Z
Jose77
82
[[en:Image:TJC.jpg]]
[[en:Image:TJC.jpg]]
Category:Slovakiýa
2315
7184
2006-10-28T14:44:30Z
Diamond
122
interwiki:el
Category:Slovakiýa
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[en:Category:Slovakia]]
[[ar:تصنيف:سلوفاكيا]]
[[ast:Categoría:Eslovaquia]]
[[be:Катэгорыя:Славаччына]]
[[bs:Kategorija:Slovačka]]
[[bg:Категория:Словакия]]
[[ca:Categoria:Eslovàquia]]
[[cs:Kategorie:Slovensko]]
[[da:Kategori:Slovakiet]]
[[de:Kategorie:Slowakei]]
[[et:Kategooria:Slovakkia]]
[[es:Categoría:Eslovaquia]]
[[el:Κατηγορία:Σλοβακία]]
[[eo:Kategorio:Slovakio]]
[[eu:Kategoria:Eslovakia]]
[[fa:رده:اسلوواکی]]
[[fo:Bólkur:Slovakia]]
[[fr:Catégorie:Slovaquie]]
[[gl:Category:Eslovaquia]]
[[ko:분류:슬로바키아]]
[[hr:Kategorija:Slovačka]]
[[io:Category:Slovakia]]
[[id:Kategori:Slowakia]]
[[os:Категори:Словаки]]
[[it:Categoria:Slovacchia]]
[[he:קטגוריה:סלובקיה]]
[[csb:Kategòrëjô:Słowackô]]
[[lv:Category:Slovākija]]
[[lb:Category:Slowakei]]
[[lt:Kategorija:Slovakija]]
[[hu:Kategória:Szlovákia]]
[[na:Category:Slovakia]]
[[nl:Categorie:Slowakije]]
[[ja:Category:スロバキア]]
[[no:Kategori:Slovakia]]
[[nn:Kategori:Slovakia]]
[[oc:Categoria:Eslovaquia]]
[[nds:Kategorie:Slowakei]]
[[pl:Kategoria:Słowacja]]
[[pt:Categoria:Eslováquia]]
[[ro:Categorie:Slovacia]]
[[ru:Категория:Словакия]]
[[simple:Category:Slovakia]]
[[sk:Kategória:Slovensko]]
[[sl:Kategorija:Slovaška]]
[[sr:Категорија:Словачка]]
[[fi:Luokka:Slovakia]]
[[sv:Kategori:Slovakien]]
[[tr:Kategori:Slovakya]]
[[uk:Категорія:Словаччина]]
[[zh:Category:斯洛伐克]]
[[zh-min-nan:Category:Slovensko]]
[[zh-yue:Category:斯洛伐克]]
Gazakça
2316
6428
2006-08-22T14:22:30Z
85.96.211.46
'''Bold text'''
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti
2317
6445
2006-08-26T15:45:26Z
85.108.250.154
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=320 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#f9f9f9;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| style="background:#f9f9f9;" border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center"
| [[Resim:Kuzey_kibris_turk_cumhuriyeti_bayragi.png|170px|KKTC Bayrağı]]
| align="center" width="50%" |
| [[Resim:KKTC-Arma.png|KKTC Arması]]
| align="center" |
|-
|style="background:#f9f9f9;" style="width:50%; text-align:center" | [[KKTC Bayrağı]]
|style="width:50%; text-align:center" | [[KKTC Arması]]
|-
| align=center width="120px"|
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #f9f9f9;" | [[Resim:KKTCmap.gif|300px]]
|-
| '''[[Resmi dil]]''' || [[Türkçe]]
|-
| '''[[Ulusal marş]]''' || [[İstiklâl Marşı]]
|-
| '''[[Başkent]]''' || [[Lefkoşa]]
|-
| '''[[Yönetim şekli]]''' || [[Parlamenter Cumhuriyet]]
|-
| '''[[Kurucusu]]''' || [[Rauf Denktaş]]
|-
| '''[[Cumhurbaşkanı]]''' || [[Mehmet Ali Talat]]
|-
| '''[[Başbakan]]''' || [[Ferdi Sabit Soyer]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''<br> - Toplam<br> - % su
| <br>[[1 E9 m²|3,355 km²]]<br>2.7%
|-
| '''[[Nüfus]]'''<br> - Toplam (2006)<br> - [[Nüfus Yoğunluğu]]
| <br>264,172 <br>78.7
|-
| '''[[Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla|GSYH]]'''<br> - Toplam<br> - GDP per capita<br> - GDP - real growth rate
| (2004)<br>$1,766 milyar <br>$8,095(nominal)<br>%15,4
|-
| '''[[Bağımsızlık]]'''<br> - Bağımsızlık ilanı<br>
| <br>15 Ekim 1983
|-
| '''[[Para birimi]]'''
| [[Yeni Türk Lirası]] <sup>1</sup>
|-
| '''[[Saat dilimi]]'''<br /> - [[Yaz saati]]nde
| ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+2)<br />([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+3)
|-
| '''[[İnternet alan adı]]'''
| [[.nc.tr]] <sup>2</sup>
|-
| '''[[Uluslararası telefon kodları|Telefon kodu]]'''
| +90 392 <sup>3</sup>
|-
| colspan="2" align="left"|<small><sup>1</sup> Türkiye ile birlikte kullanılmakta. <br><sup>2</sup> Türkiye'nin ikinci seviye alanı.<br><sup>3</sup> Türkiye'nin yerel arama kodu.<br>
</small>
|}
'''Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti''' (''KKTC'') veya '''Kıbrıs Türk Devleti''' [[Akdeniz]]'de yer alan en büyük üçüncü ada ve [[Anadolu]] yarımadasının 65 km güneyindeki [[Kıbrıs]] adasının kuzey kısmında yer alan [[Türk]] devletinin adıdır.
KKTC şu anda sadece [[Türkiye]] tarafından tanınıyor. Daha önceden [[Bangladeş]] ve [[Pakistan]] tarafından da tanınmasına rağman uluslararası baskılar sonucu bu ülkeler tanımalarını geri çekmiştir. KKTC uluslararası toplum tarafından uluslararası ilişkilerde [[Kıbrıs]]'ın içinde katılıyor (mesela [[Avrupa Birliği]]'ndeki üye sayımında).
== Yönetim Biçimi ==
Cumhuriyet ile yönetilen KKTC'nin 50 kişiden oluşan bir meclisi vardır. [[Cumhuriyet Meclisi]] adı verilen mecliste 25 milletvekili ile birinci parti [[Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi]]'dir. İkinci [[Ulusal Birlik Partisi]]'nin 18, iktidarın diğer ortağı[[ Demokrat Parti]]'nin 6, [[ Barış ve Demokrasi Hareketi]]'nin ise 1 milletvekili vardır.
== Coğrafya ==
Kuzey Kıbrıs'ın kuzeyinde 65 km mesafe ile [[Türkiye]], doğusunda 112 km mesafe ile [[Suriye]], 267 km ile [[İsrail]], 162 km ile [[Lübnan]]; güneyinde [[Güney Kıbrıs]] ve 418 km ile [[Mısır]]; batısında ise 965 km ile [[Yunanistan]] yer almaktadır. KKTC'nin toplam yüzölçümü adanın üçte birine denk gelen 3355 km² dir. Kıbrıs adası sahil şeritinin yarısı KKTC sınırları içerisindedir. Ekilebilen % 45 lik verimli arazinin % 20 si sulanabilmekte ve KKTC genelinin % 20 si ormanlık olup yoğun bir ağaçlandırma programı düzenli olarak sürdürülmektedir.
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nin önemli yerleşim yerleri, [[başkent]] [[Lefkoşa]], [[Girne]], [[Gazimağusa]]'dır.
==Eğitim Sistemi==
===Üniversiteler===
*[[Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi]]
*[[Girne Amerikan Üniversitesi]]
*[[Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Kuzey Kıbrıs Kampusu]]
*[[Lefke Avrupa Üniversitesi]]
*[[Uluslararası Kıbrıs Üniversitesi]]
*[[Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi]]
==Tarih==
[[1960]]'da [[Kıbrıs]]'ta yaşayan [[Rum]] ve [[Türk]] cemaatleri arasında kurulan ortaklık [[Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti]] yaşanan iç çatişmalar sonucu sürdürülemez olmuş ve [[15 temmuz]] [[1974]] tarihinde [[Yunan]] cuntasının [[Kıbrıs]]'da darbe yaptırması sonucu gerçekleşen [[Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı]]'nın ardından gerçekleşen [[İkinci Barış Harekâtı]]'nın hemen ardından 25-[[26 Ağustos]] [[1974]] tarihinde [[BM]] Genel Sekreteri [[Kıbrıs]]'a gelmiş ve toplumlar arasında ikili görüşmelerin başlatılmasını istemişti. İkili görüşmelerde varılan mutabakat gereği nüfus mübadelesi yapılmış ve Rumlar güneye Türkler ise kuzeye geçmiştir. Böylece iki bölgeli ve iki toplumlu bir federal yapı için uygun ortam sağlanmış oldu. [[13 Şubat]] [[1975]] günü [[Kıbrıs Türk Federe Devleti]]'nin ilanı gerçekleşti. Amaç federal bir Kıbrıs Devleti yaratmaktı ancak bu gerçekleşmediğinden 8 yıl sonra Türkler yol ayrımına giderek kendi cumhuriyetlerini kurmak yoluna girdiler.
[[15 Kasım]] [[1983]] tarihinde KKTC'nin ilanı gerçekleşti. [[Türkiye]],[[Pakistan]] ve [[Bangladeş]] KKTC'yi ilk tanıyan ülkeler olup [[Türkiye]] dışındaki ülkeler daha sonra bu tanımayı geri çekmişlerdir. KKTC'nin kuruluş bildirgesini kurucu cumhurbaşkanı [[Rauf Denktaş]] okumuştur. Bu bildirge aşağıdaki gibidir.
{{Portal|Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti}}
'' "Kıbrıs Türk halkının özgür iradesini temsil eden, doğuştan hür ve eşit olan bütün insanların hür ve eşit yaşamalarına inanan, bu inanç içinde, Kıbrıs Türk Halkının kendi kaderini tayin etme hakkını 17 Haziran 1983 tarihli kararıyla dünyaya ilan etmiş olan, ırk, milli menşe, dil ve din gibi farklara dayalı olarak insanlar arasında ayırım gözetilmesini, her türlü sömürgeciliği, ırkçılığı, baskı ve tahakkümü reddeden, Kıbrıs'ta, Doğu Akdeniz'de, Orta-Doğu'da ve dünyada tam bir barış ve istikrarın, huzur ve güven içinde yaşama ve kendi kendilerini yönetmeye hakları olduğuna inanan, aynı adada yan yana yaşamaya mecbur bulunan bu iki halkın aralarındaki bütün sorunları, eşit düzeyde müzakerelerle, barışçı, adil ve kalıcı bir çözüme ulaştırmanın mümkün ve zorunlu olduğu görüşüne sımsıkı bağlı bulunan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nin ilanının iki eşit halk arasında ortaklığının bir federasyon çatısı altında yeniden kurulmasını ve sorunların çözümlenmesini engellemeyip, kolaylaştırabileceğine kani olan, iki halk arasındaki bütün sorunların barışçı ve uzlaşmacı bir politika ile çözümlenebileceğine inanan ve bu amaçla müzakereler yürütülmesini yürekten dileyen ve önerilmiş bulunan zirve toplantısının bu açıdan yarar sağlayacağına inanan Meclisimiz, Kıbrıs Türk Halkı adına, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nin kuruluşunu ve 'bağımsızlık bildirisini' onaylar". ''
Daha sonra yapılan referandum sonucu halk KKTC Anayasasına büyük bir çoğunlukla evet demiştir. Yıllarca süren toplumlararası görüşmelerden bugune değin herhangi bir sonuç çıkmamıştır. En son BM Kıbrıs Çözüm Planı ile iki toplum arasında yeniden birleşme imkânı da referandum'da Türklerin evetine karşı Rumların hayır demesi sonucu gerçekleşmemiştir.
{{Commons|Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus}}
==Dış Bağlantılar==
*[http://www.kibrisca.com Kıbrısca Tatil, Oteller, Eğitim, Emlak Rehberi]
*[http://www.trncpresidency.org Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı]
*[http://www.afrikagazetesi.com Afrika Gazetesi]
*[http://www.kibris.net Kibris.NET]
<br clear="all"/>
<div class="Boxmerge">
{{KKTC'nin yerleşim birimleri}}
{{İKÖ}}
{{türk_devletleri}}
{{Akdeniz Ülkeleri}}
{{Ortadoğu Ülkeleri}}
</div>
[[Kategori:Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti|*]]
[[Kategori:İslam Konferansı Örgütü]]
[[Kategori:Türkiye dış politikası]]
[[Kategori:Asya kıtasındaki ülkeler]]
[[Kategori:Ada ülkeleri]]
{{Ülke-taslak}}
[[an:Chipre d'o Norte]]
[[ar:شمال قبرص التركية]]
[[az:Şimali Kipr Türk Respublikası]]
[[bs:Turska Republika Sjeverni Kipar]]
[[ca:República Turca de Xipre del Nord]]
[[cs:Severní Kypr]]
[[de:Türkische Republik Nordzypern]]
[[el:Τουρκική Δημοκρατία της Βόρειας Κύπρου]]
[[en:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]]
[[es:República Turca del Norte de Chipre]]
[[et:Põhja-Küprose Türgi Vabariik]]
[[fi:Pohjois-Kyproksen turkkilainen tasavalta]]
[[fr:Chypre du Nord]]
[[he:הרפובליקה התורכית של צפון קפריסין]]
[[hu:Észak-Ciprus]]
[[id:Republik Turki Siprus Utara]]
[[it:Repubblica Turca di Cipro Nord]]
[[ja:北キプロス・トルコ共和国]]
[[ko:북키프로스 터키 공화국]]
[[lt:Turkų Kipras]]
[[mk:Турска Република Северен Кипар]]
[[nds:Noordzypern]]
[[nl:Turkse Republiek van Noord-Cyprus]]
[[nn:Nord-Kypros]]
[[no:Nord-Kypros]]
[[pl:Cypr Północny]]
[[pt:República Turca de Chipre do Norte]]
[[ro:Ciprul de Nord]]
[[ru:Турецкая Республика Северного Кипра]]
[[scn:Cipru dû Nord]]
[[simple:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]]
[[sk:Turecká republika Severný Cyprus]]
[[sr:Турска Република Северни Кипар]]
[[sv:Nordcypern]]
[[tr:Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti]]
[[zh:北賽普勒斯土耳其共和國]]
Alymlyk
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172.174.38.108
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Aşghabat
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81.214.67.197
== Headline text ==
selam sana turkmenistan..
Malta dili
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Ga1taman
128
oynamak
Mekdep
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193.251.135.126
[[Orta Mekdepler]]
[[Turkmen-Turk mekdepleri]]
Turkmen-Turk mekdepleri
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193.251.135.126
[[Tugut Ozal adyndaky turkmen-turk mekdebi]]
Tugut Ozal adyndaky turkmen-turk mekdebi
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193.251.135.126
Turgut Ozal adyndaky turkmen-turk mekdebi 1992-nji yylda acyldy.
W/index.php
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81.222.178.30
Hello, I m sorry
Hi
Hi
Hello
Hi
Syýasy Bilimler
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195.174.16.119
<math>75+12</math><nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>
----
[[Link title]]
== Headline text ==
[[Image:Example.jpg]][[Media:Example.ogg]]<math>Insert formula here</math>
Magtymguly Pyragy(1733—98)
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212.112.39.209
MAGTYMGULY
MAGTYMGULY PYRAGYNYŇ DURMUŞ WE DÖREDIJILIK ÝOLY
Magtymguly Pyragy XVIII asyrda ýaşan, türkmen klassyky edebiýatynyň kämilleşmegine örän uly goşant goşan, türkmen edebi dlini ösdürmekde uly işler bitiren şahyrdyr.
Türkmen halkynyň beýik şahyry Magtymguly Pyragy, takmynan 1733-nji ýylda Gürgen derýasynyň boýunda Hajygowşan diýen ýerde eneden dogulýar. Ol ömrüniň köpüsini Etrek, Gürgen, Garrygala sebit-rinde geçiripdir. Şahyr "Äleme belgilidir" diýen şygrynda:
Bilmeýen soranlara aýdyň bu garyp adymyz,
Asly-gerkez, ýurdy-Etrek, ady-Magtymguludyr
diýip, öz adyny, niredendigini, kimlerdendigini aýdýar. Magtymguly başlangyç terbiýäni öz kakasyndan alýar.
Şahyr ilki oba mekdebinde, soňra Halajyň Gyzylaýak obasynda ýerleşýän Idris babanyň medresesinde bilim alýar.
Buharadaky Gögeldaş medresesine okuwa girýär, ýöne talyplaryň bozuklygy, ony bu medresäni taşlamaga mejbur edýär. Magtymguly Hywadaky Şir-gazy medresesinde okap bilim alýar we öz döwrüniň bilimli we düşünjeli adamsy bolup ýetişýär.
Magtymguly jahankeşde adam bolupdyr. Dünýäniň köp ýerlerine syýahat etmek duýgusy onda ýaşlykda döreýär. Bu syýahatlar şahyryň dünýägaraýşyny giňeldipdir. Magtymguly oglan okatmakdan başga tanymal zergär bolupdyr we kümüşden, altyndan dürli bezeg şaýlaryny ýasapdyr. Magtymgulynyň maşgala ýagdaýy jedelli meseleleriň biri bolup durýar. Goşgularyna esaslanyp, onuň Meňli diýen gyzy söýendigini, ýöne käbir sebäplere görä alyp bilmändigi hakda alymlar netijä gelýärler. Magtymgula Akgyz diýen ýeňňesi dakylýar.
Ondan iki ogul bolup, olar hem ýaşlykda ýogalýarlar. Şahyr ogullarynyň ölümine gynanyp, "Yzlamaýan bolarmy", "Mübtela kyldy“ eserleri döredipdir.
Magtymguly örän parasatly, gepe çeper, märekesöýen adam-dyr. Ol özüniň gowy häsiýetleri bilen halka görelde görkezipdyr, akyl-paýhasy bilen köp adamlary terbiýeläpdir.
Magtymguly, takmynan, 1783-nji ýylda Atasary diýilýän çeşmäniň boýunda, Soňudagyň ýanynda aradan çykýar. Ony kakasynyň ýanynda "Garry molla" gonamçylygynda jaýlapdyrlar.
Magtymgulynyň döredijiligi
Magtymguly döredijilik işine ýaşka başlapdyr. Goşgi düzmekde köp zady kakasy Döwletmämmet Azadydan öwrenipdir. Magtymguly goşgularyny köpçüligiň üýşen ýerinde, toý-meýlisler okap berip, adamlary gahrymançylyga, ar-namysly, hüşgär bolmaklyp çagyrypdyr. Onuň ylham çeşmesi halk we onuň güzerany bolupdyr.
Şahyryň döredijiligi dürli temalarda bolan köp sanly şygyrlardan we poemalardan ybaratdyr. Onuň öz golýazmalary bize gelip ýetmändir.
Magtymguly köp şygyrlaryny Pyragy lakamy bilen düzüpdir Onuň döredijiligi XVIII asyr türkmen durmuşyny öwrenmäge örän köp material berýär. Magtymgulynyň şygyrlary, esasan, watançylyk, gahrymançylyk, öwüt-nesihat, sotsial-deňsizlik, yşky-liriki, dostluk barada gumanistik ideýalary öňe sürýer.
Magtymgulynyň döredijilik tematikasy.
Magtymgulynyň döredijilik tematikasy giň we hertaraply. Onda türkmen halkynyň geçmişi, geljegi we şol wagtky ýagdaýy göz öňüňe gelýär.
Durmuşy goşgulary.
Beýik akyldar Magtymgulynyň döredijiliginde durmuşy goşgular esasy orunlaryň birini eýeleýär, Ol çilim çekmek, nas atmak, ogurlyk, nähak gan dökmek ýaly pis häsiýetlere garşy göreş alyp barypdyr. Özüniň goşgularynda ("Kyly-kal bolar", "Düýşüne degmez", "Çilimkeş", "Nas atan") olary rehimsiz ýazgarypdyr. Şol göreşds çeper dili ýarag hökmünde ulanypdyr.
Şahyr "Nas atan" şygrynda nas atanyň hapasyzçylygyny görkezip, ony masgaralaýar we şu kärini taşlamaga çagyrýar:
Akar durar üsti-başyň poh eder,
Senden gaçar deňi-duşuň, nas atan!
Şahyr özüniň eserlerinde gybatkeşligi, töhmeti iň bir ýaramaz häsiýet hökmünde ýazgarýar:
Ömrüň ýele berme, azma ýoluňdan,
Agyrtmagyl ili-günüň, gybatkeş.
Magtymguly ýaman häsiýetleri ýazgarmak bilen erbetlikleri dini düşünjsleriň üsti bilen tertibe salmaga synanyşypdyr.
Şahyr gelin-gyzlaryň edepli, päkize, mylaýym bolmagyny isläpdir, ata-enäni sylamaýan, hapysa gelin-gyzlary pisläpdir.
Bardyr gözel, sirke basar saçyny,
Artmaz-ýuwmaz tabagynyň, daşyny,
Sylamaz atasyn, ene ýaşyny
Anyň hyzmatyndan gaçasyň geler.
Magtymguly ýaramaz häsiýetlere garşy göreşmek temasyny edebiýatda giň möçberde işläp we propagandirlän şahyrdyr.
Öwut-nesihat häsiýetli goşgulary.
Şahyryň döredijiliginde adamlarda oňat häsiýetleri terbiýelemekde uly orny owüt-nesihat häsiýetli şygyrlar tutýar. Bu temadan Maggymguly "Janyna degmez", "Durasyň geler", "Ýör biläni", "Il ýagşy", "Zor bolar", "Bolar sen"", "Aýrylma" ýaly onlarça şygyr ýazypdyr. Şahyr bu goşgularynda döwürdeşlerine asylly terbiýe bermek, olaryň mert, ar-namysly bolmaklaryny nesihat edip, binamys, namartlary ýaňsa alypdyr. Şahyr "Gerekdir" diýen şygrynda:
Giň ýerde garga deý bolsun wehimli,
Ýerinde hünäri işi gerekdir -
diýip, ýigidiň göwrüminiň giň, gerekli ýerinde hünäriniň bolmaly-dygyny, hüşgärligini beýan edipdir.
Magtymgulynyň "Il biläni" şygrynyň:
Goç ýigide toýdur-baýram,
Her iş gelse, il biläni - setirleri agzybirligi ündäpdir, Şahyr "Janyna degmez" goşgusynda hesiýeti boýunça gapma-garşy adamy suratlandyrýar.
Adam bar müň tümen iýdirseň azdyr,
Bardyr adam - iýen nanyna degmez.
Şahyr oňat hesiýetleri ündände, ýaramaz häsiýetleri ýazgaranda, wagyz-nesihat etmek tärinden peýdalanýar. Ol ähli türkmen ýigitlerini jeň meýdanynda şu sypatda görmek isleýär:
At salanda doňuz kimin topulyp,
Aýy kimin asylyşy gerekdir.
Magtymguly oňat-gylyk häsiýetler adamyň bezegi diýip düşünipdir.
Sotsial-deňsizlik temasy.
Magtymgulynyň döredijiliginde sotsial-deňsizlik meselesi düýpli işlenen temalaryň biridir. Onuň bu temada ýazan eserlerine "Salar guşun aňlamaz", "Gaça başlady", "Ötüp baradyr", "Ýat bolar", "Il gözlär", "Käre döndi", Golda bary bolmasa", "Ajap eýýam gelmedi" ýaly şygyrlar degişlidir.
Magtymgulynyň döwründe türkmen topragy daşary ýurt basybalyjylary, içerki han-begler tarapyndan depelenipdir. Şu ýagdaýy şahyr "Gaça başlady" diýen şygrynda şeýle beýan edýär:
Gömüldi derýalar, ýykyldy daglar,
Ýetimler gözýaşyn döke başlady.
Orramsydan bolan haramhor begler,
Ýurdy bir ýanyndan ýyka başlady.
Şahyr zamanasyny erbetligiň mekanyna öwren adamlary ýazgarýar:
Şalarda galmady hökmi-adalat
Magtymguly özüniň adalatsyzlygyň höküm sürýän jemgiýetinde ýaşaýandygyny, şeýle jemgyýetde zadyň, malyň, baýlygyň bolmasa aljak galaň ýokdugyny "Golda bary bolmasa" şygrynda görkszipdir:
Zamana beýledir, göze ilmezler,
Her ýigidiň golda bary bolmasa...
Magtymguly adyllygy depeleýän adamlary diniň üsti bilen toba etmäge, amana getirmäge çalyşýar.
Magtymguly, bu dünýäniň namysyn,
Ýygyp-düýrüp ele berdim hamysyn,
Pikir derýasyna aklym gämisin
Batyrmyşam çyka bilmen neýleýin? –
diýen setirlerinde bolsa ýurtdaky ýagdaýyň şeýle bulaşyklygyndan baş çykaryp bilmeýändigini aýdypdyr. Şahyryň goşgularynda pikiriň gysga we dogry berilmegi bu goşgularyň ýatda oňat galmagynyň ilkinji şerti bolup durýar.
Watançylyk, gahrymançylmk lirikasy.
Watançy şahyr Magtymgulynyň gahrymançylyk, il-ýurt, agzybirlik, birleşmek hakyndaky şygyrlary onuň döredijiligine iň görnükli orunlaryň birini eýelsýär. Bu temada Magtymguly "Türkmeniň", "Ýeli Gürgeniň" , "Depe nedir, düz nedir", "Öňi-ardy bilinmez", "Döker bolduk ýaşymyz", "Gidiji bolma", "Gözlär men", "Başy gerekdir", "Mert bolmaz" ýaly birnäçe goşgular döredipdir.
Magtymguly hakyky watançy hökmünde türkmen ýurduna, onuň gözel tebigatyna, baýlygyna, batyr ýigitlerine guwanypdyr. Şahyr "Gidiji bolma" şygrynda:
Gel köňlüm, men saňa nesihat kylaý:
Watany terk edip gidiji bolma -
diýip, öz döwürdeşlerine ýüzlenýär. Magtymguly Türkmenistanyň, aýratyn hem öz önüp-esen ýeri bolan Etrek, Gürgen töwerekleriniň giň, gözel we hasylly sähralaryny, daglaryny, tebigy baýlyklaryny, goç ýigitleri taryplaýar. Şahyryň "Ýeli Gürgeniň", "Türkmeniň" şygyrlarynyň şu setirleri-de oňa güwä geçýär:
Öňünde belent dag, serinde duman,
Deňizden öwüser ýeli Gürgeniň.
Bulut oýnap, baaran dolsa çaýlara,
Akar boz bulanyp, sili Gürgeniň,
ýa-da
Dagda, düzde kowsa, saýýatlar diri,
Ala bilmez, ýolbars ogly türkmeniň.
Beýik şahyryň döwründe türkmen taýpalary dagynyk ýaşapdyrlar. Halk hemişe talanypdyr, ajaýyp zatlar weýran edilipdir. Magtymguly hemişe şeýle pajygaly durmuşdan gutulmagyň aladasyny edipdir. Ol keseki duşmanlardan goranmak üçin ýigitleri mertlige, gahrymanlyga çagyrypdyr:
Ýaşy ýeten arap atyň şanynda,
Mälim bolmaz depe nedir, düz nedir.
Ýüňi ýeten goç ýigidiň ýanynda,
Atmyş nedir, ýetmiş nedir, ýüz nedir.
Şahyr il-ýurt üçin hyzmat eden goç ýigitleri dabaralandyrýar, tersine namartlary, il-ýurduna hyýanat edýänleri näletleýär. Şu jähtden şahyryň şu setirlerini ýatlamak bolar:
Aga begler muhannesiň on müňi -
Mert ähliniň alty ýüzüne degmez.
"Är men" diýen her nöweçden är bolmaz,
Gaýraty, namysy, ary gerekdir.
Magtymguly dagynyk ýaşan türkmen taýpalaryny birleşdirmek bilen ýurduň özbaşdaklygyny, halkyň asuda ýaşamagyny gazanmak bolar diýen netije gelipdir. Bu ideýa şahyryň "Türkmeniň", "Döke bolduk ýaşymyz", "Türkmen binasy" ýaly şygyrlarynda öz beýanany tapypdyr:
Bir suprada taýýar kylynsa aşlar,
Göteriler ol ykbaly türkmeniň.
Teke, ýumut, gökleň, ýazyr, alili-
Bir dowlete gulluk etsek bäşimiz.
Teks, ýomut, ýazyr, gökleň, Ahal ili bir bolup,
Kylsa bir jaýga ýörişini açylar gül lälesi.
Magtymgulynyň watançylyk, gahrymançylyk temada ýazan eserleri taryhy taýdan anyklygy, takyk manysy, çeper obrazlara baýlygy bilen-de tapawutlanýar.
Söýgi lirikasy.
Magtymguly şahyr dostluk, söýgi temasyndan hem birtopar goşgy ýazypdyr. Bu temadan onuň "Gözel sen", "Gülzardan aýryldym", "Uýat eýleýir", "Bu derdi", "Boýlaryňa", "Durasyň geler ýaly ençeme goşgulary bar. Magtymguly yşky-liriki temada ýazan goşgularynda öz söýgülisi Meňli bilen baglanyşykly prograssiw pikirleri öňe sürýär. Ol gelin-gyzlaryň durmuşda uly hormata, söýgä mynasyp bolmalydyklaryny nygtamak bilen, olaryň owadanlyklaryny "Gözel sen" şygrynda şeýle taryplaýar:
Gyzyl diýsem-gyzyl, al diýssm-al sen,
Hindistanda şeker, Bulgarda-bal san,
Akyldar şahyr Magtymguly gelin-gyzlaryň akylly, pähimli edepli bolmaklaryny isläpdir, olaryň mertebesini ýokary tutupdyr. Bu ideýa "Durasyň geler" diýen goşgusynda örän çeper berilýär:
Gözel bardyr gözellerden zyýada,
Anyň gullugynda durasyň geler,
Edepli-ekramly, mylaýymzada,
Tä ölinçäň bile ýöresiň geler.
Şahyr hapysa, sölite, nalajedeýin aýallary ýazgarypdyr:
Bardyr gözel, sirke basar saçyny,
Artmaz-ýuwmaz tabagynyň, daşyny,
Sylamaz atasyn, ene ýaşyny,
Anyň hyzmatyndan gaçasyň geler.
Magtymguly "Biln bolmasa" diýen goşgusynyň şu setirlerinde il-günüň daşyny gorap ýören goç ýigitleriň özüne mynasyp ýary bolmasa, hemişe armandadyklaryny nygtaýar:
Är ýigidiň içi doly armandyr,-
Gara göz, inçe bil ýary bolmasa.
Şahyr aýal-gyzlary satmak, dakylmak we köp aýallylyk ýaly zyýanly dessurlara garşy durupdyr. Şu babatda şahyr gumanistik pikirleri öňe sürüpdir.
Magtymgulynyň poeziýasynyň dili we çeperçiligi.
Magtymguly edebi dili halk medeniýetiniň ösmeginiň, hökmany şertleriniň biri hasaplapdyr. Ol bu işi ählihalk işi diýip düşünipdir. Magtymguly edebiýatynyň diliniň halka düşnükli bolmagy ugrunda göreşip, çeperçilik serişdelerini öz eserlerinde örän ýerlikli ulanypdyr. Onuň şygyrlarynda halka düşnüksiz pikirlere, arap-pars sözlerine seýrek duşulýar. Bu bolsa onuň goşgularynyň höwes bilen okalmagyna sebäp bolýar. Magtymguly halkyň diline daýanmak bilen, ondan dilewarlygy we sadalygy öwrenipdir. Şahyr dili ösüş we göreş guraly hökmünde ulanypdyr. Magtymguly metaforalary, kapyýalary, ulaltma ýaly çeperçilik serişdeleriniň giňden ulanylmagy, şahyryň goşgularynyň çeperçiligini we obrazlygyny artdyrypdyr.
Magtymguly, garyplaryň gözýaşy
Daglary ýandyrar, ereder daşy.
Şahyryň dörtleme formasyndaky goşgularynyň köpüsi on bir hem sekiz bogunly setirlerden ybarat. Magtymgulynyň dörtleme formasynda ýazan eserlerinde kapyýa, redif goşgynyň birinji bendinde dürli hili ulanylypdyr.
Bala sesin diňlär, asyp gulagyn, (a)
Döke-döke gözýaşynyň bulagyn, (a)
Bir jeren aldyrsa elden owlagyn (a)
Mäleý-mäleý gözlemeýen bolarmy (b).
Şahyryň bäşleme we altylama formadaky şygyrlary, esasn, 14-15 bogunly bolup, kapyýa we rediftaýdan hem meňzeşdir.
Magtymgulynyň milli türkmen edebiýatyny ösdürmekdäki roly
Beýik şahyr Magtymgulynyň eserlsri durmuşyň durli-dürli taraplaryny öz içine alýar. Magtymgulynyň döredijiligini örän oňat bilýän, gündogary öwreniji E.E.Bertels ony Jemşidiň jamy bilen deňeşdirýär. Jemşidiň jamy ýaly, Magtymgulynyň döredijiliginden hem islän zadyňy, bilmek isleýän meseläňi tapmak bolýar. Magtymguly türkmen klassyky edebiýatyny dünýä okyjylaryna tanadan genial şahyrdyr.
Magtymguly türkmen şahyrlarynyň köpüsiniň halypasydyr. Magtymguly öz döwürdeşlerine we özünden soňky ýetişen şahyrlaryň döredijiligine uly täsir edipdir. Bu täsir, ylaýta-da Zeliliniň, serkerde şahyr Seýdiniň, Keminäniň, Mollanepesiň, Mätäjiniň döredijiliginde görünýär. Magtymguly şahyry gara-galpaklaryň beýik şahyry Berdak (Berdimyrat-1827-1900) hem halypasy hasaplapdyr. Ol bu barada "Yelardym.men" diýen şygrynda şeýle ýazýar:
Magtymgulyny men okap,
Sözlerini etdim togap.
Kemi barmy beriň jogap?
Şol şahyry yzlardym men.
MAGTYMGULY WE HALK DÖREDIJILIGI
Magtymgulynyň eserleri türkmenleriň örän baý halk döredijiligi hem-de Gündogaryň ýazuwly edebiýaty bilen aýrylmaz baglanyşyklydyr. Şahyryň döredijiliginiň folklor bilen baglanyşykly bolmagy onuň eserlsriniň has-da gymmatyny artdýar. Wagt geçdigiçe, şahyryň aforizmleri halk içinde folklorlaşyp gidipdir:
Eşiden deň bolmaz, gören göz bile...
Agzalalyk agyr ile ýaraşmaz
Her ýaman söz-ýürek bular.
Gawunyň gowusyn şagal iýr diýrler
Çagyrylan ýere bar, otur-da turma,
Çagyrylmadyk ýere barma, görünme...
Hat-da ilat şular ýaly setirleri aýdanda, ony kimiň döredendigine gözi ýetmese-ds, "Magtymguly aýdypdyr" diýýär. Beýik söz ussady Magtymgulynyň poeziýasy XIX asyryň ortalarynda Orta Aziýa, Russiýa, Ýewropa halklarynyň arasyndaky metbugatda görnüp başlaýar. Onuň essrleri köp alymlaryň, syýahatçylaryň ünsüni çekipdir. Şahyryň terjimehaly baradaky makala bilen birnäçe goşgusyny görnükli slawýan alymy we syýahatçysy Hodzko 1842-ýylda çap etdirýär. Alymlar A.Wamberi, W.W.Bartold, E.E.Bertels, L.N.Samoýlowiç, L.Klimowiç we başgalar şahyryň döredijiligine uly baha berip öwrenýärler.
Türkmen edebiýatçylaryndan B.A.Garryew, G.O.Çaryew, B.Kerbabaýew, M.Kösäýew, Z.B.Muhammedowa dagylar Magtymgulynyň eserlerini toplamakda we çap etmekde birnäçs işleri geçirdiler. 1926, 1940, 1942-nji ýyllarda şahyryň eserler ýygyndysy çapdan çykdy. 1947-nji ýylda hudojnik A.Hajyew Magtymgulynyň suratyny döretdi. Şahyryň ady Türkmen döwlet uniwersitetine we iň uly köçe hormatlanyp dakyldy. Aşgabatda ýerleşen şahyryň ýadygerliginiň ýanynda her ýyl poeziýa baýramçylygy geçirilýär.
MAGTYMGULYNYÑ GOŞGULARY
GÖZÝAŞYN DÖKE BAŞLADY
Gömüldi derýalar, ýykyldy daglar,
Ýetimler gözýaşyn döke başlady.
Orramsydan bolan haramhor begler
Ýurdy bir ýanyndan ýyka başlady.
Jemagatsyz azan bir gury sesdir,
Niçe mollañ okan ylmy hebesdir,
Kazylaryñ käri çilimdir, nasdyr,
Para görse, dyza çöke başlady.
Işanlary her gapyda tapylar,
Mollalarna ýok myjabat ýapylar,
“Öwlüýä men” diýip jögi sopular,
Gygyryp, asmana böke başlady.
Çykar beýebana gyzy, gelini,
Ak ýüzüne ýapar gara telini,
Kemçinlik eýleýip, ýygan puluny
Düzedip üstüne daka başlady.
Dünýäde süýthoruñ pul ýygma derdi,
Baýlaryñ mallary bizekat erdi,
Toba ediñ, gözüm bir ýaman gördi,
Dost dostuñ öýüni ýyka başlady.
Magtymguly, başa baglap selleler,
Aç böri deý ýortup niçe mollalar,
Halaldan, haramdan ýygnap gallalar,
Herne tapsa, dynmaý dyka başlady.
Edirne
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Osmanlı imparatorluğuna baş kentlik yapmış bir şehirdir.Komutan Lalapaşa tarafından fetih edilmiştir.Eski ismi, bizans zamanın da Adrianapolis olarak bilinir.Dünyanın en büyük camisi (kubbesiyle)Mimar Sinanın eseri, Selimiye bu şehirde bulunur.Her köşesiyle bir Avrupa şehri görünümündedir.
Tarihi Traklara kadar gider.Uzunköprü, Keşan, Süleoğlu, Enez, İpsala, Meriç, Lalapaşa olmak üzere 7 ilçesi vardır.
Bulgaristan ve Yunanistana, yakınlığıyla Türkiye'nin Meriç nehriyle ulusal sınırını oluşturur.Ayrıca Tuna ve Tunca nehirleri şehirden geçer.Dünya da müzik ile akıl hastalıkların ilk tedavi edildiği tarihi hastane bu şehirdedir.
Başlıca tarım ürünleri, çeltik (pirinç), kabak çekirdeği, buğday, ayçiçeği, arpa, fasulye, süpürge otu, pancar, susam.
Devletin sanayi yatırımı yapmadığı bu bölgeki tüm kuruluşlar özel sektör sermasiyle kurulmuştur.
İnsanları ve toprağı yumuşak huylu, sevecendir.İklimi karasal olup, kışları çok sert geçer.
Kurtuluş savaşı için ilk kıvılcımı çakan Trakya Paşaeli Cemiyeti burada kurulmuş , İstanbulu fetih eden, Fatih Sultan Mehmet han burada doğup, büyümüş ve babası II.Murat tarafından yetiştirilmiştir.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Maya Aymedowa
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6843
2006-09-25T01:57:09Z
70.16.254.144
delete
Didar Aymedow
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6609
2006-09-22T10:37:51Z
193.251.135.125
Didar Aymedow is a lazy student at Turgut Ozal adyndaky turkmen-turk mekdebi.
Category:Türkiye
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2006-09-23T14:13:02Z
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Redirecting to [[Category:Türkiýe]]
#redirect[[:Category:Türkiýe]]
Adana
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2006-09-24T11:51:43Z
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58
[[Image:Adana Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Adana şäheri]]
'''Adana''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Adana (vilayət)]]
[[de:Adana (Provinz)]]
[[en:Adana Province]]
[[eo:Adana (provinco)]]
[[es:Provincia de Adana]]
[[fr:Adana (province)]]
[[hr:Adana (pokrajina)]]
[[hu:Adana (tartomány)]]
[[id:Provinsi Adana]]
[[nl:Adana (provincie)]]
[[pt:Adana (província)]]
[[sv:Adana (provins)]]
[[tr:Adana (il)]]
[[zh:阿达纳省]]
Category:Türkiýe
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7183
2006-10-28T14:40:17Z
Diamond
122
interwiki:el
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[el:Κατηγορία:Τουρκία]]
Adıyaman
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[[Image:Adiyaman Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Adiyaman şäheri]]
'''Adıyaman''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Adıyaman (vilayət)]]
[[cs:Adıyamanská provincie]]
[[de:Adıyaman (Provinz)]]
[[en:Adıyaman Province]]
[[eo:Adıyaman (provinco)]]
[[es:Provincia de Adiyaman]]
[[fr:Adıyaman (province)]]
[[hu:Adıyaman (tartomány)]]
[[id:Provinsi Adıyaman]]
[[ku:Semsûr]]
[[nl:Adıyaman (provincie)]]
[[pt:Adıyaman (província)]]
[[sv:Adıyaman (provins)]]
[[tr:Adıyaman (il)]]
[[zh:阿德亚曼省]]
Afyonkarahisar
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2006-09-24T11:53:03Z
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58
[[Image:Afyon Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Afyonkarahisar şäheri]]
'''Afyonkarahisar''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Afyonkarahisar (vilayət)]]
[[de:Afyonkarahisar]]
[[en:Afyonkarahisar Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Afyon]]
[[fr:Afyonkarahisar (province)]]
[[hu:Afyonkarahisar (tartomány)]]
[[id:Provinsi Afyonkarahisar]]
[[nl:Afyonkarahisar (provincie)]]
[[tr:Afyonkarahisar (il)]]
[[zh:阿菲永卡拉希萨尔省]]
Ağrı
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[[Image:Agri Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Ağrı şäheri]]
'''Ağrı''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Ağrı (vilayət)]]
[[de:Ağrı (Provinz)]]
[[en:Ağrı Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Agri]]
[[fr:Ağrı]]
[[ku:Agirî]]
[[tr:Ağrı (il)]]
Aksaray
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6962
2006-10-17T17:42:37Z
Mustafa Akalp
120
[[Image:Aksaray Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Aksaray şäheri]]
'''Aksaray''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
==Dış Bağlantılar==
[http://www.anasohbet.com/turkiye-aksaray-sohbet.htm Aksaray Sohbet]
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Aksaray (vilayət)]]
[[de:Aksaray (Provinz)]]
[[en:Aksaray Province]]
[[eo:Aksaray (provinco)]]
[[es:Provincia de Aksaray]]
[[fa:آقسرای]]
[[fr:Aksaray]]
[[pl:Aksaray]]
[[tr:Aksaray (il)]]
Antalya
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8388
2006-12-21T20:41:48Z
85.97.53.117
'''Antalya''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
* [http://www.turkudostlari.net/search.asp?b=6125&x=2 Antalya Folk Music, Turkey]
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Ardahan
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6635
2006-09-23T14:19:01Z
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58
'''Ardahan''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Artvin
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2006-09-23T14:19:39Z
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58
'''Artvin''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Aydın
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2006-09-23T14:20:26Z
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'''Aydın''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Elazığ
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2006-09-23T14:20:50Z
Absar
58
'''Elazığ''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Balıkesir
2416
6639
2006-09-23T14:21:47Z
Absar
58
'''Balıkesir''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Bartın
2417
6640
2006-09-23T14:22:03Z
Absar
58
'''Bartın''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Batman
2418
6641
2006-09-23T14:22:15Z
Absar
58
'''Batman''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Bayburt
2419
6642
2006-09-23T14:22:31Z
Absar
58
'''Bayburt''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Bilecik
2420
6643
2006-09-23T14:22:43Z
Absar
58
'''Bilecik''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Bingöl
2421
6644
2006-09-23T14:23:03Z
Absar
58
'''Bingöl''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Template:Türkiýe'nin welaýatlery
2422
7036
2006-10-18T18:12:18Z
Mustafa Akalp
120
[[Template:Türkiýe'nin şäherleri]] moved to [[Template:Türkiýe'nin welaýatlery]]
<br clear=all>
<center>
{| id="toc" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"
! [[Image:Turkish-provinces.png|100px|Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri Haritası]]|| align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" |[[Türkiýe|Türkiýe'nin welaýatlery]] || [[Image:Flag of Turkey.svg|70px|Türk Bayrağı]]
|-
| align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="3" |
[[Adana]] | [[Adıyaman]] | [[Afyonkarahisar]] | [[Ağrı]] | [[Aksaray]] | [[Amasya]] | [[Ankara]] | [[Antalya]] | [[Ardahan]] | [[Artvin]] | [[Aydın]] | [[Balıkesir]] | [[Bartın]] | [[Batman]]| [[Bayburt]] | [[Bilecik]] | [[Bingöl]] | [[Bitlis ]] | [[Bolu]] | [[Burdur]] | [[Bursa]] | [[Çanakkale]] | [[Çankırı]] | [[Çorum]] | [[Denizli]] | [[Diyarbakır]] | [[Düzce]]| [[Edirne]] | [[Elazığ]] | [[Erzincan]] | [[Erzurum]] | [[Eskişehir]] | [[Gaziantep]] | [[Giresun]] | [[Gümüşhane]] | [[Hakkari]] | [[Hatay]] | [[Iğdır]] | [[Isparta]] | [[İstanbul]] | [[İzmir]] | [[Kahramanmaraş]] | [[Karabük]] | [[Karaman]] | [[Kars]] | [[Kastamonu]] | [[Kayseri]] | [[Kırıkkale]] | [[Kırklareli]] | [[Kırşehir]] | [[Kilis]] | [[Kocaeli]] | [[Konya]] | [[Kütahya]] | [[Malatya]] | [[Manisa]] | [[Mardin]] | [[Mersin]] | [[Muğla]] | [[Muş]] | [[Nevşehir]] | [[Niğde]] | [[Ordu]] | [[Osmaniye]] | [[Rize]] | [[Sakarya]] | [[Samsun]] | [[Siirt]] | [[Sinop]] | [[Sivas]] | [[Şırnak]] | [[Tekirdağ]] | [[Tokat]] | [[Trabzon]] | [[Tunceli]] | [[Şanlıurfa]] | [[Uşak]] | [[Van]] | [[Yalova]] | [[Yozgat]] | [[Zonguldak]]
|}
</center>
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin welaýatlery|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly>
Bitlis
2423
6653
2006-09-23T14:36:56Z
Absar
58
'''Bitlis''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Bolu
2424
6654
2006-09-23T14:37:42Z
Absar
58
'''Bolu''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Burdur
2425
6655
2006-09-23T14:38:10Z
Absar
58
'''Burdur''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Bursa
2426
6656
2006-09-23T14:38:36Z
Absar
58
'''Bursa''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Çanakkale
2427
6657
2006-09-23T14:38:52Z
Absar
58
'''Çanakkale''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Çankırı
2428
6658
2006-09-23T14:39:27Z
Absar
58
'''Çankırı''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Çorum
2429
6659
2006-09-23T14:40:29Z
Absar
58
'''Çorum''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Denizli
2430
6660
2006-09-23T14:41:06Z
Absar
58
'''Denizli''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Diyarbakır
2431
6661
2006-09-23T14:41:26Z
Absar
58
'''Diyarbakır''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Düzce
2432
6662
2006-09-23T14:41:41Z
Absar
58
'''Düzce''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Erzincan
2433
6663
2006-09-23T14:41:55Z
Absar
58
'''Erzincan''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Erzurum
2434
6664
2006-09-23T14:42:08Z
Absar
58
'''Erzurum''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Eskişehir
2435
6665
2006-09-23T14:42:21Z
Absar
58
'''Eskişehir''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Gaziantep
2436
6666
2006-09-23T14:43:06Z
Absar
58
'''Gaziantep''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Giresun
2437
6667
2006-09-23T14:43:37Z
Absar
58
'''Giresun''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Gümüşhane
2438
6668
2006-09-23T14:44:02Z
Absar
58
'''Gümüşhane''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Hakkari
2439
6669
2006-09-23T14:44:16Z
Absar
58
'''Hakkari''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Hatay
2440
6670
2006-09-23T14:44:37Z
Absar
58
'''Hatay''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Iğdır
2441
6671
2006-09-23T14:44:52Z
Absar
58
'''Iğdır''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Isparta
2442
6672
2006-09-23T14:45:06Z
Absar
58
'''Isparta''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Karabük
2443
6676
2006-09-23T14:46:47Z
Absar
58
'''Karabük''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Karaman
2444
6677
2006-09-23T14:47:19Z
Absar
58
'''Karaman''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Kars
2445
6678
2006-09-23T14:47:33Z
Absar
58
'''Kars''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Kastamonu
2446
6679
2006-09-23T14:47:48Z
Absar
58
'''Kastamonu''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Kayseri
2447
6680
2006-09-23T14:48:03Z
Absar
58
'''Kayseri''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Kırıkkale
2448
6681
2006-09-23T14:48:48Z
Absar
58
'''Kırıkkale''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Kırklareli
2449
6682
2006-09-23T14:49:09Z
Absar
58
'''Kırklareli''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Kırşehir
2450
6683
2006-09-23T14:49:36Z
Absar
58
'''Kırşehir''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Kilis
2451
6684
2006-09-23T14:49:56Z
Absar
58
'''Kilis''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Kocaeli
2452
7047
2006-10-18T18:39:28Z
Mustafa Akalp
120
'''Kocaeli''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin welaýaty
{{Trİl|
İl adı=Kocaeli|
Bölge=Marmara Bölgesi|
Harita adı=Kocaeli|
Yüzölçümü=3.505 km²|
Nüfus=1.206.085|
Nüfus yoğunluğu=344|
Plaka kodu=41|
Telefon kodu=262|
İlçe sayısı=7|
Vali=[[Erdal Ata]]
}}
'''Kocaeli''' ili adını, [[1320]] senesinde [[İzmit]] ve havalisini fetheden [[Akça Koca]]dan alır.
==Coğrafi Konumu==
Kocaeli, [[Marmara Bölgesi]]'nin Çatalca-Kocaeli Bölümü'nde, 29°22'-30°21' doğu boylamı, 40 D 31 '- 41*13' kuzey enlemi arasında yer alır. Doğu ve güneydoğuda [[Sakarya]], güneyde [[Bursa|Bursa]] illeri, batıda [[Yalova |Yalova]] ili, [[İzmit Körfezi]], [[Marmara Denizi]] ve [[İstanbul|İstanbul]] ili, kuzeyde de [[Karadeniz]]'le çevrilidir. İl merkezi İzmit'in doğusundan geçen 30° doğu boylamı [[Türkiye]] saati için esas kabul edilir. Kocaeli ilinin yüzölçümü 3.505 km 2 'dir. [[Asya]] ile [[Avrupa]]'yı birleştiren önemli bir yol kavşağında bulunmaktadır. Doğal bir [[liman]] olan İzmit Körfezi işlek bir denizyoludur. İlin kuzeybatı yüzündeki İstanbul il sınırı, Gebze ile İstanbul arasında akan Kemiklidere' nin doğusundan geçer. Güneybatıda İstanbul-Kocaeli sınırı İzmit Körfezi'nin karşı kıyısında Yalova topraklarıyla son bulur. Bursa sınırını [[Samanlı Dağları]]'nın tepelerinden geçen hat oluşturur. Güneydoğuda bu sınır [[Maşukiye]]' nin hemen yanındaki [[Sapanca Gölü]] kıyısında Sakarya iline dayanır.
==Dağlar==
[[Sakarya Irmağı]]'nın batı yakasından başlayarak [[Pamukova]] ve [[İznik Gölü]]'nün kuzeyinde [[Bozburun]]' a kadar uzanan Samanlı Dağları İzmit, Sapanca ve Adapazarı çöküntü alanına hâkim bir konumdadır. Samanlı Dağları'nın en yüksek noktası 1.601 m' ye erişen Keltepe'dir (Kartepe). İldeki diğer önemli dağlar [[Dikmen Dağı]] (1.387 m), [[Naldöken Dağı]] (1.125 m), [[Naz Dağı]] (917 m) ve [[Çene Dağ]]ı'dır (646 m).|
==Ovalar ve Platolar==
Başlıca ovalar İzmit kenti ile Sapanca Gölü arasında uzanan düzlükler ile Dilovası'dır. Bir [[peplen]] olan Kocaeli Yarımadası'nın il sınırları içinde kalan bölümü dalgalı düzlüklerden oluşur.
==Akarsular==
İl topraklarından kaynaklanan suların bir bölümü Karadeniz'e, bir bölümü de Marmara Denizi'ne ulaşır. Kocaeli Yarımadasında uzanan dağların sırtı İzmit Körfezi ve Marmara'ya daha yakın olduğundan Karadeniz'e dökülen akarsular daha uzundur. Gebze'nin Tepecik köyü yakınlarından doğan 71 km uzunluğundaki Riva (Çayağzı) Deresi İstanbul Boğazı girişinin doğusunda Karadeniz'e dökülür. Ağva Deresi de denen Göksu Deresi Karayakuplu köyü yakınlarından çıkar ve Ağva'da Karadeniz'e ulaşır. Yine Karadeniz'e dökülen Yulaflı Deresi'nin uzunluğu 43 km'dir. Üzerinde İstanbul kentine su sağlayan Darlık Barajı bulunan Darlık Deresi de il toprak larından doğar. Denizli köyünden doğup Karadeniz'e dökülen Kocadere'nin uzunluğu 50 km'dir. İ! topraklarından doğup, il sınırları içinde Karadeniz'e dökülen başlıca akarsu Kandıra ilçesindeki Sansu'dur. Sakarya Nehri'ne Karadeniz'e dökülmeden önce katılan son akarsu olan Kaynarca Deresi de Kandıra ilçesinden doğar. Samanlı Dağları'ndan doğan Kirazdere İzmit kentinde körfeze dökülür. Bu dere üzerindeki Kirazdere Barajı'nın yapımı 1997'de tamamlanmıştır. Gebze ilçesindeki Dilovası Deresi'nin uzunluğu 12 km'dir. Pelitli köyünün güneyinden ve Tavşanlı köyünün kuzeyinden geçerek İzmit Körfezi'ne dökülür.
==Göller==
Batı bölümündeki 7 km'si Kocaeli sınırları içerisinde kalan Sapanca Gölü'nün yüzölçümü 47 km<sup>2</sup>dir. İzmit kentine su sağlayan Kirazdere Barajı'nın ardında yer alan yapay göl ise 1,74 km<sup>2</sup>lik bir alanı kaplar. Bir başka yapay göl de İzmit Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından kentin su ihtiyacını karşılamak için yaptırılan barajın ardında su toplanması sonucu oluşan Yuvacık Baraj Gölü'dür.
==İklim==
Körfez kıyılarıyla Karadeniz kıyısında ılıman, dağlık kesimlerde daha sert bir iklim hüküm sürer. Kocaeli ikliminin, Akdeniz iklimi ile Karadeniz iklimi arasında bir geçiş oluşturduğu söylenebilir. İl merkezinde yazlar sıcak ve az yağışlı, kışlar yağışlı, zaman zaman karlı ve soğuk geçer. Kocaeli'nin Karadeniz'e bakan kıyıları ile İzmit Körfezi'ne bakan kıyılarının iklimi arasında bazı farklılıklar göze çarpar. Yazın körfez kıyılarında bazen bunaltıcı sıcaklar yaşanırken Karadeniz kıyıları daha serindir- İl merkezinde ölçülen en yüksek hava sıcaklığı 41,6°C (11 Ağustos 1970), en düşük hava sıcaklığı -8,7°C (4 Şubat 1960), yıllık ortalama sıcaklık ise 14,8°C'dir. Karadeniz kıyısında yıllık ortalama yağış miktarı 1.000 mm'yi aşar. Bu miktarı güneye doğru gidildikçe azalır, İzmit'te 800 mm'nin de altına düşer (784,6 mm). Samanlı Dağlan'nın körfeze bakan yamaçlarında iklim Karadeniz kıyılarına benzer. Yağış miktarı da bu kesimde farklıdır. Rüzgârlar kışın kuzey ve kuzeydoğudan, yazları ise kuzeydoğudan eser.
==Bitki Örtüsü==
Kocaeli'nde bitki örtüsü, genelde Marmara Bölgesi özelliğini taşımakla birlikte, kıyısıyla dağlık alanlar arasında önemli farklılıklar görülür. Ayrıca kuzeyden güneye doğru gidildikçe Karadeniz kıyısına özgü bitki topluluklarının yerini Akdeniz bitkileri almaya başlar. Samanlı Dağları ile Karadeniz kıyısı ardındaki alanlar sık ve nemcil ormanlarla kaplıdır. Bu ormanlar daha çok kayından oluşur; bazı kesimlerde kayına gürgen, kestane ve meşe de karışır. Samanlı Dağlan'nın yüksek kesimleri iğneyapraklılarla örtülüdür. İzmit Körfezi'nin kuzey ve doğusunda Akdeniz iklimine özgü makilere rastlanır. Eskiden körfezin kuzey kıyılarında yaygın olan zeytinlikler kent ve sanayi alanı elde edilmesi amacıyla yok edilmiş durumdadır. Tahrip edilen ormanlık alanlar step bitkileri ve yalancı makilerle kaplıdır.
==Dış bağlantılar==
* [http://www.kocaeli.gov.tr Valilik İnternet Sitesi]
* [http://www.turkeyforecast.com/weather/kocaeli/ Kocaeli Havadurumu]
{{Kocaeli ilçeler}}
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
[[az:Kocaeli]]
[[de:Kocaeli]]
[[en:Kocaeli Province]]
[[eo:Kocaeli]]
[[fr:Kocaeli (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Kocaeli]]
[[lv:Kodžaeli province]]
[[nl:Kocaeli (provincie)]]
[[tr:Kocaeli]]
[[zh:科贾埃利省]]
Konya
2453
6870
2006-09-30T13:45:38Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Konya Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Konya şäheri]]
'''Konya''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Konya (vilayət)]]
[[en:Konya Province]]
[[eo:Konjao]]
[[ja:コンヤ]]
[[nl:Konya]]
[[tr:Konya (il)]]
Kütahya
2454
6869
2006-09-30T13:44:04Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Kütahya Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Kütahya şäheri]]
'''Kütahya''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Kütahya (vilayət)]]
[[en:Kutahya Province]]
[[tr:Kütahya (il)]]
Malatya
2455
6868
2006-09-30T13:43:01Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Malatya Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Malatya şäheri]]
'''Malatya''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Malatya (vilayət)]]
[[de:Malatya (Provinz)]]
[[en:Malatya Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Malatya]]
[[ku:Meletî]]
[[tr:Malatya (il)]]
Manisa
2456
6867
2006-09-30T13:41:44Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Manisa Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Manisa şäheri]]
'''Manisa''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Manisa (vilayət)]]
[[bg:Маниса (вилает)]]
[[de:Manisa (Provinz)]]
[[en:Manisa Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Manisa]]
[[fr:Manisa (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Manisa]]
[[nl:Manisa (provincie)]]
[[pt:Manisa (província)]]
[[sv:Manisa (provins)]]
[[tr:Manisa (il)]]
[[zh:马尼萨省]]
Mersin
2457
6864
2006-09-30T13:38:17Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Mersin Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Mersin şäheri]]
'''Mersin''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Mersin (vilayət)]]
[[cs:Mersin]]
[[de:Mersin]]
[[en:Mersin]]
[[eo:Mersin]]
[[fr:Mersin]]
[[ku:Mersîn]]
[[sv:Mersin]]
[[tr:Mersin (il)]]
Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri
2458
6700
2006-09-24T11:47:38Z
Absar
58
[[Category:Türkiýe]]
Zonguldak
2459
7722
2006-11-25T10:40:17Z
Ga1taman
128
[[Image:Zonguldak Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Zonguldak şäheri]]
'''Zonguldak''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Zonquldak (vilayət)]]
[[cs:Zonguldakská provincie]]
[[de:Zonguldak (Provinz)]]
[[en:Zonguldak Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Zonguldak]]
[[fr:Zonguldak (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Zonguldak]]
[[nl:Zonguldak (provincie)]]
[[pt:Zonguldak (província)]]
[[sv:Zonguldak (provins)]]
[[tr:Zonguldak (il)]]
Yozgat
2460
6710
2006-09-24T11:58:54Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Yozgat Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Yozgat şäheri]]
'''Yozgat''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[az:Yozqat (vilayət)]]
[[de:Yozgat]]
[[en:Yozgat]]
[[es:Yozgat]]
[[fr:Yozgat]]
[[nl:Yozgat]]
[[sv:Yozgat]]
[[tr:Yozgat (il)]]
Yalova
2461
6711
2006-09-24T12:00:31Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Yalova Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Yalova şäheri]]
'''Yalova''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Yalova (vilayət)]]
[[cs:Yalovská provincie]]
[[de:Yalova (Provinz)]]
[[en:Yalova Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Yalova]]
[[fr:Yalova (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Yalova]]
[[nl:Yalova (provincie)]]
[[pt:Yalova (província)]]
[[sv:Yalova (provins)]]
[[tr:Yalova (il)]]
[[zh:亚洛瓦省]]
Van
2462
6712
2006-09-24T12:02:22Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Van Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Van şäheri]]
'''Van''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Van (vilayət)]]
[[de:Van (Provinz)]]
[[en:Van Province]]
[[ku:Wan]]
[[tr:Van (il)]]
Uşak
2463
6713
2006-09-24T12:04:21Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Usak Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Uşak şäheri]]
'''Uşak''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Uşak (vilayət)]]
[[de:Uşak (Provinz)]]
[[en:Uşak Province]]
[[eo:Provinco Uŝak]]
[[es:Usak]]
[[fr:Uşak]]
[[id:Provinsi Uşak]]
[[tr:Uşak (il)]]
[[zh:乌沙克省]]
Şanlıurfa
2464
6714
2006-09-24T12:06:28Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Sanliurfa Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Şanlıurfa şäheri]]
'''Şanlıurfa''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Şanlıurfa (vilayət)]]
[[de:Şanlıurfa (Provinz)]]
[[en:Şanlıurfa Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Sanliurfa]]
[[fr:Şanlıurfa (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Şanlıurfa]]
[[nl:Şanlıurfa (provincie)]]
[[pt:Şanlıurfa (província)]]
[[sv:Şanlıurfa (provins)]]
[[tr:Şanlıurfa (il)]]
Tunceli
2465
6715
2006-09-24T12:08:49Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Tunceli Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Tunceli şäheri]]
'''Tunceli''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Tunceli (vilayət)]]
[[de:Tunceli (Provinz)]]
[[en:Tunceli Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Tunceli]]
[[fa:استان تونجلی]]
[[fr:Tunceli]]
[[ku:Dêrsim]]
[[nl:Tunceli (provincie)]]
[[tr:Tunceli (il)]]
Trabzon
2466
6716
2006-09-24T12:12:51Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Trabzon Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Trabzon şäheri]]
'''Trabzon''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Trabzon (vilayət)]]
[[de:Trabzon (Provinz)]]
[[en:Trabzon Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Trabzon]]
[[fr:Trabzon]]
[[id:Provinsi Trabzon]]
[[sv:Trabzon (provins)]]
[[tr:Trabzon (il)]]
Tokat
2467
6717
2006-09-24T12:13:50Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Tokat Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Tokat şäheri]]
'''Tokat''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Tokat (vilayət)]]
[[de:Tokat]]
[[en:Tokat]]
[[es:Tokat]]
[[fr:Tokat (province)]]
[[tr:Tokat (il)]]
Tekirdağ
2468
6719
2006-09-24T12:15:32Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Tekirdag Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Tekirdağ şäheri]]
'''Tekirdağ''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Tekirdağ (vilayət)]]
[[de:Tekirdağ]]
[[en:Tekirdağ]]
[[fr:Tekirdağ]]
[[hu:Rodostó]]
[[tr:Tekirdağ (il)]]
Şırnak
2469
6720
2006-09-24T12:24:08Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Sirnak Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Şırnak şäheri]]
'''Şırnak ''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Şırnak (vilayət)]]
[[de:Şırnak (Provinz)]]
[[en:Şırnak Province]]
[[eo:Şırnak]]
[[es:Provincia de Şırnak]]
[[fr:Şırnak (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Şırnak]]
[[ku:Şirnex]]
[[tr:Şırnak (il)]]
Sivas
2470
6721
2006-09-24T12:25:31Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Sivas Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Sivas şäheri]]
'''Sivas''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Sivas (vilayət)]]
[[de:Sivas (Provinz)]]
[[en:Sivas Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Sivas]]
[[fr:Sivas (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Sivas]]
[[ku:Sêwas]]
[[nl:Sivas (provincie)]]
[[pt:Sivas (província)]]
[[sv:Sivas (provins)]]
[[tr:Sivas (il)]]
Sinop
2471
6722
2006-09-24T12:26:53Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Sinop Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Sinop şäheri]]
'''Sinop''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Sinop (vilayət)]]
[[de:Sinop]]
[[el:Σινώπη]]
[[en:Sinop, Brazil]]
[[es:Sinop]]
[[fr:Sinop (Ville)]]
[[pt:Sinop]]
[[tr:Sinop (il)]]
Template:Türk Döwletler
2472
6985
2006-10-18T05:57:46Z
Mustafa Akalp
120
<br clear=all>
<center>
{| id="toc" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"
! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" | <div style="float:left;width:50px;"> </div> [[Türk Döwletler]] və [[Muxtar Türk Döwletler]]
|
|-
| align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2" | '''Türk Döwletleri:''' [[Image:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|50px| Azərbaycan bayrağı]] [[Äzerbeýjan]] • [[Image:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|50px|Qazaxıstan bayrağı]] [[Gazagystan]] • [[Image:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|42px|Qırğızıstan bayrağı]] [[Gırğızıstan]] • [[Image:Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg|43px|Kipr Türk bayrağı]] [[Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Jumhuriyäti]] • [[Image:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|50px|Özbəkistan bayrağı]] [[Özbegystan]] • [[Image:Flag_of_Turkey.svg|40px|Türk bayrağı]] [[Türkiýe]] • [[Image:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|39px|Türkmənistan bayrağı]] [[Türkmenistan]]
|-
|align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2"|
'''Muxtar Türk Döwletleri:''' [[Altay]] | [[Bayan-Olgey]] | [[Başqırdıstan]] | [[Çuvaşıstan]] | [[Dağıstan]] | [[Şərqi Türküstan]] | [[Dolqan-Mens]] | [[Qaqauz]] | [[Xakasiya]] | [[Qaraqalpaq]] | [[Kabardin-Balkar]] | [[Karaçay|Karaçay-Çerkes]] | [[Krım]] | [[Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası|Naxçıvan]] | [[Tatarıstan]] | [[Tuva]] | [[Saxa]]
|}
</center>
<noinclude>
[[en:Template:Turkic States]]
[[ru:Шаблон:Тюркские страны]]
[[tr:Şablon:Türk Devletleri]]
[[kk:Template:Түркі елдері]]
</noinclude>
<noinclude>
[[Category:Döwletler|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[az:Şablon:Türk Dövlətləri]] [[kk:Template:Түркі елдері]] [[ru:Шаблон:Тюркские страны]] [[en:Template:Turkic States]]</noinclude>
<div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color: transparent;"><tr><td>[[Image:Geographylogo.png|40px]]</td><td>'' Döwletler ile ilgili bu madde bir [[Vikipedi:Madde taslağı|taslaktır]]. Maddenin içeriğini [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} geliştirerek ]Vikipedi'ye katkıda bulunabilirsiniz.'' </td></tr></table></div>
Siirt
2473
6736
2006-09-24T13:25:47Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Siirt Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Siirt şäheri]]
'''Siirt''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Siirt (vilayət)]]
[[ku:Sêrt]]
[[tr:Siirt (il)]]
Samsun
2474
6737
2006-09-24T13:26:59Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Samsun Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Samsun şäheri]]
'''Samsun''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Samsun (vilayət)]]
[[cs:Samsunská provincie]]
[[de:Samsun (Provinz)]]
[[en:Samsun Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Samsun]]
[[fr:Samsun (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Samsun]]
[[nl:Samsun (provincie)]]
[[pt:Samsun (província)]]
[[sv:Samsun (provins)]]
[[tr:Samsun (il)]]
Sakarya
2475
6738
2006-09-24T13:27:47Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Sakarya Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Sakarya şäheri]]
'''Sakarya''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Sakarya]]
[[de:Sakarya (Provinz)]]
[[en:Sakarya Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Sakarya]]
[[fr:Sakarya]]
[[tr:Sakarya (il)]]
Rize
2476
6739
2006-09-24T13:28:29Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Rize Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Rize şäheri]]
'''Rize''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Rize (vilayət)]]
[[de:Rize]]
[[en:Rize]]
[[es:Rize]]
[[fr:Rize (province)]]
[[tr:Rize (il)]]
Osmaniye
2477
6740
2006-09-24T13:29:27Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Osmaniye Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Osmaniye şäheri]]
'''Osmaniye''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Osmaniye (vilayət)]]
[[de:Osmaniye (Provinz)]]
[[en:Osmaniye Province]]
[[es:Osmaniye]]
[[tr:Osmaniye (il)]]
Ordu
2478
6741
2006-09-24T13:30:29Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Ordu Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Ordu şäheri]]
'''Ordu''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Ordu (vilayət)]]
[[cs:Orduská provincie]]
[[de:Ordu (Provinz)]]
[[en:Ordu Province]]
[[eo:Ordu (provinco)]]
[[es:Provincia de Ordu]]
[[fr:Ordu (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Ordu]]
[[nl:Ordu (provincie)]]
[[pt:Ordu (província)]]
[[sv:Ordu (provins)]]
[[tr:Ordu (il)]]
[[zh:奥尔杜省]]
Niğde
2479
6742
2006-09-24T13:31:11Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Nigde Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Niğde şäheri]]
'''Niğde''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Niğde (vilayət)]]
[[cs:Niğdská provincie]]
[[de:Niğde (Provinz)]]
[[en:Niğde Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Niğde]]
[[fr:Niğde (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Niğde]]
[[nl:Niğde (provincie)]]
[[pt:Niğde (província)]]
[[sv:Niğde (provins)]]
[[tr:Niğde (il)]]
[[zh:尼代省]]
Nevşehir
2480
6743
2006-09-24T13:31:56Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Nevsehir Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Nevşehir şäheri]]
'''Nevşehir''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Nevşehir (vilayət)]]
[[de:Nevşehir (Provinz)]]
[[en:Nevşehir Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Nevşehir]]
[[fr:Nevşehir (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Nevşehir]]
[[nl:Nevşehir (provincie)]]
[[pt:Nevşehir (província)]]
[[sv:Nevşehir (provins)]]
[[tr:Nevşehir (il)]]
[[zh:内夫谢希尔省]]
Muş
2481
6744
2006-09-24T13:32:39Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Mus Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Muş şäheri]]
'''Muş''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Muş (vilayət)]]
[[de:Muş (Provinz)]]
[[en:Muş Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Muş]]
[[fr:Muş (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Muş]]
[[ku:Mûş]]
[[nl:Muş (provincie)]]
[[pt:Muş (província)]]
[[sv:Muş (provins)]]
[[tr:Muş (il)]]
[[zh:穆什省]]
Muğla
2482
6745
2006-09-24T13:33:23Z
Absar
58
[[Image:Mugla Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|300px|thumb|Muğla şäheri]]
'''Muğla''', [[Türkiýe]]'nin şäheri.
{{Türkiýe'nin şäherleri}}
[[Category:Türkiýe'nin Şäherleri]]
[[az:Muğla (vilayət)]]
[[bg:Муула (вилает)]]
[[de:Muğla (Provinz)]]
[[en:Muğla Province]]
[[es:Provincia de Muğla]]
[[fa:استان موغلا]]
[[fr:Muğla (province)]]
[[id:Provinsi Muğla]]
[[nl:Muğla (provincie)]]
[[pt:Muğla (província)]]
[[sv:Muğla (provins)]]
[[tr:Muğla (il)]]
[[zh:穆拉省]]
Template:Hoş geldiňiz
2483
6749
2006-09-24T13:50:36Z
Absar
58
=== <center><font><font color=red>Hoş geldiňiz!<font/></center> ===
<center>'''<big> Wikipediýa: 229 dilde entsiklopediýa {{PAGENAME}}!</big>'''</center>
Salam, indi siz Türkmençe Wikipediýada. Eger siz bu bölümde ýazmak isleýän bolsaňyz [[ýörelgeler]]i okaň. Wikipediýada özgerişlik ýasap bilersiňiz.
Eger Wikipediýany öwrenmek isleýän bolsaňyz [[Wikipedia:Help|Ýardam]]a garaňız.
'''Türkmençe Wikipediýany ösdüreli.'''
Template:Broken/Hoş geldiňiz
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6839
2006-09-24T14:13:49Z
Absar
58
=== <center><font><font color=red>Hoş geldiňiz!<font/></center> ===
<center>'''<big> Wikipediýa: 229 dilde entsiklopediýa hoş geldiň {{PAGENAME}}!</big>'''</center>
Salam, indi siz Türkmençe Wikipediýada. Eger siz bu bölümde ýazmak isleýän bolsaňyz [[Ýörelgeler]]i okaň. Wikipediýada özgerişlik ýasap bilersiňiz.
Oýlaryňyzy diskussiýa sahypasynda aýdyňyz.
Patentler we beýleki döredijilik hak-hukuklaryna hormat goýyňyz.
Eger Wikipediýany öwrenmek isleýän bolsaňyz [[:Wikipedia:Help|Ýardam]]a garaňız.
'''Türkmençe Wikipediýany ösdüreli.'''
Seýit Nesimi (1369-1417)
2554
6850
2006-09-26T17:51:22Z
212.112.39.209
Neýlerem
Dilbera, men senden aýru tende jany neýlerem,
Täju tahtu mülku malu hanymany neýlerem.
Isterem waslyň jemalyn tä kylam derde dewa,
Men seniň bimaryňam özge dewany neýlerem.
Çoh dogalar kylmyşam men halykyň dergähine,
Çün myradym hasyl olmaz men dogany neýlerem.
Eý, musulmanlar, biliň kim ýar ile hoşdur jahan,
Çünki ýardan aýra düşdüm bu jahany neýlerem.
Dilber aýdar: eý, Nesimi, sabr kyl, etme fygan,
Şimdi efgan etmesem, daňla fygany neýlerem.
Ýüz döndermenem
Ýüz müň jefa kylsaň maňa, men senden ýüz döndermenem,
Janym dahy gurban kylar, men senden ýüz döndermenem.
Duşman geler garşymyza, umyduwar özi duşa,
Duşmanlaryň körlügine men senden döndermenem.
Men seni söwdüm jan ile, gul olmuşam gurban ile,
Ant içerem Kuran ile, men senden ýüz döndermenem.
Isamysyň, Musamysyň ýa Ýusuby Kenganmysyň,
Walla, janym janymysyň, men senden ýüz döndermenem.
Eý, Nesimi, aşykmysyň, Hak ýoluna sadykmysyň,
Közerdigiçe ýanarmysyň, men senden ýüz döndermenem.
Nurmuhammed Andalyp (takm. 1711-80)
2555
6851
2006-09-26T17:55:18Z
212.112.39.209
Nurmuhammet Andalyp
(1660-1740)
Taryhçy, terjimeçi, filosof türkmen edebiýatynyň taryhynda ilkinji dessançy şahyr diýip tanalýan Nurmuhammet Andalyp alymlaryň täze barlaglar boýunça Ýylanly etrabynyň Garmazy obasynda eneden dogulyp 1740-nji ýylda aradan çykypdyr.
Nurmuhammet türkmeniň düýeçi tiresiniň Seýilhan neslindendir. Onuň atasynyň adyna Akmuhammet, kakasynyň adyna Seýitmuhammet ýa-da Seýitahmet, ejesiniň adyna bolsa Hansoltan diýer ekenler.
Şahyr özüniň ady we ýaşan ýerleri barada “Ýusup-Züleýha” dessanynda şeýle ýazýar:
“Ismim idi Nurmuhammet Garyp,
Sözde Tahallusym idi Andalyp,”
Şahyryň ýaşlygy Garamaly obasynda geçýär. Ol ilki oba mekdebinde soň bolsa, Hywada medrese bilimini alypdyr. Onuň Bagdatda okanlygy baradada maglumatlar bar. Şahyr okuwyň daşyndan Gündogar edebiýatynyň klassyklaryny ylmy-filosofik işlerini halk döredijilik eserlerini yhlas bilen okap, öz döwrüniň ylym bilimini kämil ele alan adam bolup ýetişýär.
Nurmuhammediň esasy kesp-käri daýhançylyk hem agaç ussaçylygy bolupdyr. Ol kakasyndan öwrenen daýhançylyk işleri bilen bir hatarda oba adamlaryna araba, jykyr ýaşaşmak hem meşgullanýardy.Nurmuhammet ýaşaýyş-durmuşy bilen baglanyşdyryp, özüne Garyp diýen lakamy alypdyr. Gül atly gyzy söýüp, özüni onuň yşkynda saýraýan bilbil hasaplamak bilen Andalyp (Bilbil) diýen edebi lakamy göteripdir.
Nurmuhammet-Andalybyň nebereleri barada takyk maglumat ýok diýerlikdir.
Kerim Gurbannepes
2556
8201
2006-12-11T16:11:52Z
Ga1taman
128
Arassalandy!
== Eserleri ==
*[[Kerim Gurbannepes/Ýürek poemasy]]
*[[Kerim Gurbannepes/Enäniň ýaşy]]
*[[Kerim Gurbannepes/Ýazmasy Agyr Düşen Goşgy]]
*[[Kerim Gurbannepes/Ömrüme Pent Goşgusy]]
Template:User ru-2
2558
6882
2006-10-01T03:33:47Z
61.248.79.133
<onlyinclude><div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
<table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr>
<td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" lang="en">'''ru-2'''</td>
<td style="font-size:7.75pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" lang="ru">Этот участник может вносить вклад в данный проект на '''[[:Category:User ru|русском]]''' языке '''[[:Category:User ru-2|среднего]]''' уровня.[[Category:User ru|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ru-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td>
</tr></table></div></onlyinclude>
Category:User ru-2
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61.248.79.133
[[Category:User ru]]
Overleg:Discuter:Resim:Archdukecharles1.jpg
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<ref></ref><h1><b>Hacked By SanalYargic
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<h3>Bana lamer diyenler hepinizin a.q adam yerine koyduklarım bile beni sikmeye kalktınız annenize küfür etmicem çünkü onların bi günahaı yok a.q sizin
<h1><b>Hacked By SanalYargic
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Nişabur
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Escarbot
88
robot Adding: af, et, ru Modifying: en, ur
Bir Uleh obo [[Horoson]] dian yerende ke uleh ademlar [[Khayyam]], [[Attar]],...şhotade yarşayan biş diglar.
[[Image:Khayam.jpg|thumb|right|<small>[[Khayyam]]eng Ghavereh. </small>]]
[[image:Kamal-al-molk-ghabr.jpg|right|thumb|<small>[[Kamal-ol-molk]]eng Ghavereh.</small>]]
== تصویرها ==
<center>
<gallery>
image:Kamaal0.jpg|[[Kamal-ol-molk]]eng Ghavereh Nişaburde .
image:WoodenVillage4.jpg|[[Aghachleh ovo]] Nişaburde .
image:Attaar0.jpg|[[Attar]]eng Ghavereh Nişaburde .
image:AflaakNamaa0.jpg|[[Khayyam Planetarium]]
</gallery>
</center>
[[Category:Iran]]
[[af:Nishapur]]
[[ar:نيسابور]]
[[bg:Нишапур]]
[[cy:Nishapur]]
[[de:Nischapur]]
[[en:Neyshabur]]
[[eo:Nejŝaburo]]
[[es:Nishapur]]
[[et:Neyshābūr]]
[[fa:نیشابور]]
[[fr:Nichapur]]
[[it:Nishapur]]
[[ja:ニシャプー]]
[[nl:Neyshabur]]
[[ru:Нишапур]]
[[tg:Нишопур]]
[[ur:نیشاپور]]
Hayvanlar nasil çogalir
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85.102.181.59
asdddddddddddddddddddddd
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Jumhuriyäti
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67.15.183.3
tr interwiki
{| class="infobox geography" style="width: 23em;"
| class="mergedtoprow" align="center" colspan="2" style="font-size:1.2em;" | '''Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'''
|- class="mergedrow"
|class="maptable" align="center" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.4em 0.8em 0.4em 0.8em;"|
{| width=100% style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:none;"
|-
|width=50% style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"| <span style="border:1px solid #bbbbbb; display:table-cell;">[[Resim:Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg|125px|KKTC Bayrağı]]
| align="center" width=150px | [[Resim:Northern Cyprus coa.png|125px|KKTC Arması]]
|-
| style="background:#f9f9f9;" style="width:50%; text-align:center" |[[KKTC Bayrağı]]
| align=center width=150px |[[KKTC Arması]]
|-
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #f9f9f9;" | [[Resim:LocationCyprus.png|250px]]<br />
|-
| '''[[Resmi dil]]''' || [[Türkçe]]
|-
| '''[[Ulusal marş]]''' || [[İstiklâl Marşı]]
|-
| '''[[Başkent]]''' || [[Lefkoşa]]
|-
| '''[[Yönetim şekli]]''' || [[Parlamenter Demokrasi]]
|-
| '''[[Kurucusu]]''' || [[Rauf Denktaş]]
|-
| '''[[Cumhurbaşkanı]]''' || [[Mehmet Ali Talat]]
|-
| '''[[Başbakan]]''' || [[Ferdi Sabit Soyer]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''<br> - Toplam<br> - % su
| <br>[[1 E9 m²|3,355 km²]]<br>2.7%
|-
| '''[[Nüfus]]'''<br> - Toplam (2006)<br> - [[Nüfus Yoğunluğu]]
| <br>264,172 <br>78.7
|-
| '''[[Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla|GSYH]]'''<br> - Toplam<br> - GDP per capita<br> - GDP - real growth rate
| (2004)<br>$1,766 milyar <br>$8,095(nominal)<br>%15,4
|-
| '''[[Bağımsızlık]]'''<br> - Bağımsızlık ilanı<br>
| <br>15 Ekim 1983
|-
| '''[[Para birimi]]'''
| [[Yeni Türk Lirası]] <sup>1</sup>
|-
| '''[[Saat dilimi]]'''<br /> - [[Yaz saati]]nde
| ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+2)<br />([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+3)
|-
| '''[[İnternet alan adı]]'''
| [[.nc.tr]] <sup>2</sup>
|-
| '''[[Uluslararası telefon kodları|Telefon kodu]]'''
| +90 392 <sup>3</sup>
|-
| colspan="2" align="left"|<small><sup>1</sup> Türkiye ile birlikte kullanılmakta. <br><sup>2</sup> Türkiye'nin ikinci seviye alanı.<br><sup>3</sup> Türkiye'nin yerel arama kodu.<br>
</small>
|}
'''Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti''' (''KKTC'') veya '''Kıbrıs Türk Devleti''' [[Akdeniz]]'de yer alan en büyük üçüncü ada ve [[Anadolu]] yarımadasının 65 km güneyindeki [[Kıbrıs]] adasının kuzey kısmında yer alan [[Türk]] devletinin adıdır.
KKTC şu anda sadece [[Türkiye]] ve [[Nahcivan]] tarafından tanınıyor. Daha önceden [[Bangladeş]] ve [[Pakistan]] tarafından da tanınmasına rağmen uluslararası baskılar sonucu bu ülkeler tanımalarını geri çekmiştir. KKTC uluslararası toplum tarafından uluslararası ilişkilerde [[Kıbrıs]]'ın içinde katılıyor (mesela [[Avrupa Birliği]]'ndeki üye sayımında).
== Yönetim Biçimi ==
Cumhuriyet ile yönetilen KKTC'nin 50 kişiden oluşan bir meclisi vardır. [[Cumhuriyet Meclisi]] adı verilen mecliste 25 milletvekili ile birinci parti [[Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi]]'dir. İkinci [[Ulusal Birlik Partisi]]'nin 18, iktidarın diğer ortağı[[ Demokrat Parti]]'nin 6, [[ Barış ve Demokrasi Hareketi]]'nin ise 1 milletvekili vardı. Turgay Avcı önderliğinde Ulusal Birlik Partisi'nden ayrılan milletvekilleri '''Özgürlük ve Reform Partisi''' adı altında yeni bir oluşumda birleşti. Ada yönetiminde ilk kez UBP ve DP olmadan bir koalisyon sağlandı.
== Coğrafya ==
Kuzey Kıbrıs'ın kuzeyinde 65 km mesafe ile [[Türkiye]], doğusunda 112 km mesafe ile [[Suriye]], 267 km ile [[İsrail]], 162 km ile [[Lübnan]]; güneyinde [[Güney Kıbrıs]] ve 418 km ile [[Mısır]]; batısında ise 965 km ile [[Yunanistan]] yer almaktadır. KKTC'nin toplam yüzölçümü adanın üçte birine denk gelen 3355 km² dir. Kıbrıs adası sahil şeritinin yarısı KKTC sınırları içerisindedir. Ekilebilen % 45 lik verimli arazinin % 20 si sulanabilmekte ve KKTC genelinin % 20 si ormanlık olup yoğun bir ağaçlandırma programı düzenli olarak sürdürülmektedir.
Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nin önemli yerleşim yerleri, [[başkent]] [[Lefkoşa]], [[Girne]], [[Gazimağusa]]'dır.
==Eğitim Sistemi==
===Üniversiteler===
*[[Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi]]
*[[Girne Amerikan Üniversitesi]]
*[[Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Kuzey Kıbrıs Kampusu]]
*[[Lefke Avrupa Üniversitesi]]
*[[Uluslararası Kıbrıs Üniversitesi]]
*[[Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi]]
==Tarih==
[[1960]]'da [[Kıbrıs]]'ta yaşayan [[Rum]] ve [[Türk]] cemaatleri arasında kurulan ortaklık [[Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti]] yaşanan iç çatışmalar sonucu sürdürülemez olmuş ve [[15 temmuz]] [[1974]] tarihinde [[Yunan]] cuntasının [[Kıbrıs]]'da darbe yaptırması sonucu gerçekleşen [[Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı]]'nın ardından gerçekleşen [[İkinci Barış Harekâtı]]'nın hemen ardından 25-[[26 Ağustos]] [[1974]] tarihinde [[BM]] Genel Sekreteri [[Kıbrıs]]'a gelmiş ve toplumlar arasında ikili görüşmelerin başlatılmasını istemişti. İkili görüşmelerde varılan mutabakat gereği nüfus mübadelesi yapılmış ve Rumlar güneye Türkler ise kuzeye geçmiştir. Böylece iki bölgeli ve iki toplumlu bir federal yapı için uygun ortam sağlanmış oldu. [[13 Şubat]] [[1975]] günü [[Kıbrıs Türk Federe Devleti]]'nin ilanı Doktor Fazıl Küçük tarafından açıklanarak gerçekleşti. Amaç federal bir Kıbrıs Devleti yaratmaktı ancak bu gerçekleşmediğinden 8 yıl sonra Türkler yol ayrımına giderek kendi cumhuriyetlerini kurmak yoluna girdiler.
[[15 Kasım]] [[1983]] tarihinde KKTC'nin ilanı gerçekleşti. [[Türkiye]],[[Pakistan]] ve [[Bangladeş]] KKTC'yi ilk tanıyan ülkeler olup [[Türkiye]] dışındaki ülkeler daha sonra bu tanımayı geri çekmişlerdir. KKTC'nin kuruluş bildirgesini kurucu cumhurbaşkanı [[Rauf Denktaş]] okumuştur. Bu bildirge aşağıdaki gibidir.
'' "Kıbrıs Türk halkının özgür iradesini temsil eden, doğuştan hür ve eşit olan bütün insanların hür ve eşit yaşamalarına inanan, bu inanç içinde, Kıbrıs Türk Halkının kendi kaderini tayin etme hakkını 17 Haziran 1983 tarihli kararıyla dünyaya ilan etmiş olan, ırk, milli menşe, dil ve din gibi farklara dayalı olarak insanlar arasında ayırım gözetilmesini, her türlü sömürgeciliği, ırkçılığı, baskı ve tahakkümü reddeden, Kıbrıs'ta, Doğu Akdeniz'de, Orta-Doğu'da ve dünyada tam bir barış ve istikrarın, huzur ve güven içinde yaşama ve kendi kendilerini yönetmeye hakları olduğuna inanan, aynı adada yan yana yaşamaya mecbur bulunan bu iki halkın aralarındaki bütün sorunları, eşit düzeyde müzakerelerle, barışçı, adil ve kalıcı bir çözüme ulaştırmanın mümkün ve zorunlu olduğu görüşüne sımsıkı bağlı bulunan, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nin ilanının iki eşit halk arasında ortaklığının bir federasyon çatısı altında yeniden kurulmasını ve sorunların çözümlenmesini engellemeyip, kolaylaştırabileceğine kani olan, iki halk arasındaki bütün sorunların barışçı ve uzlaşmacı bir politika ile çözümlenebileceğine inanan ve bu amaçla müzakereler yürütülmesini yürekten dileyen ve önerilmiş bulunan zirve toplantısının bu açıdan yarar sağlayacağına inanan Meclisimiz, Kıbrıs Türk Halkı adına, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nin kuruluşunu ve 'bağımsızlık bildirisini' onaylar". ''
Daha sonra yapılan referandum sonucu halk KKTC Anayasasına büyük bir çoğunlukla evet demiştir. Yıllarca süren toplumlararası görüşmelerden bugune değin herhangi bir sonuç çıkmamıştır. En son BM Kıbrıs Çözüm Planı ile iki toplum arasında yeniden birleşme imkânı da referandum'da Türklerin "evet"ine karşı Rumların "hayır" demesi sonucu gerçekleşmemiştir.
==Ayrıca bakınız==
*[[Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nin Dış İlişkileri|Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'nin Dış İlişkileri]]
==Dış Bağlantılar==
*[http://www.northcyprus.de/almanach Kuzey Kıbrıs Almanakı]
*[http://www.kibrisca.com Kıbrısca Tatil, Oteller, Eğitim, Emlak Rehberi]
*[http://www.trncpresidency.org Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı]
*[http://www.afrikagazetesi.com Afrika Gazetesi]
*[http://www.kibris.net Kibris.NET]
*[http://www.kktcbul.com kktcbul.com]
<!--Şablonlar-->
{{Portal|Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti}}
{{Commons-ufak|Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus}}
<br clear="all"/>
<div class="Boxmerge">
{{KKTC'nin yerleşim birimleri}}
{{İKÖ}}
{{türk_devletleri}}
{{Akdeniz Ülkeleri}}
{{Ortadoğu Ülkeleri}}
{{Ülke-taslak}}
</div>
{{Koordinatlar|35_10_N_33_22_E_type:country_region:KKTC|35° 10′ N, 33° 22′ O}}
<!--kategoriler-->
[[Kategori:Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti|*]]
[[Kategori:İslam Konferansı Örgütü]]
[[Kategori:Türkiye dış politikası]]
[[Kategori:Ada ülkeleri]]
<!--interwiki-->
[[an:Chipre d'o Norte]]
[[ar:شمال قبرص التركية]]
[[az:Şimali Kipr Türk Respublikası]]
[[bs:Turska Republika Sjeverni Kipar]]
[[ca:República Turca de Xipre del Nord]]
[[cs:Severní Kypr]]
[[de:Türkische Republik Nordzypern]]
[[el:Τουρκική Δημοκρατία της Βόρειας Κύπρου]]
[[en:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]]
[[es:República Turca del Norte de Chipre]]
[[et:Põhja-Küprose Türgi Vabariik]]
[[fi:Pohjois-Kyproksen turkkilainen tasavalta]]
[[fr:Chypre du Nord]]
[[he:הרפובליקה התורכית של צפון קפריסין]]
[[hu:Észak-Ciprus]]
[[id:Republik Turki Siprus Utara]]
[[it:Repubblica Turca di Cipro Nord]]
[[ja:北キプロス・トルコ共和国]]
[[ko:북키프로스 터키 공화국]]
[[kw:Repoblek Turkek a Gyproes Kledh]]
[[lt:Turkų Kipras]]
[[mk:Турска Република Северен Кипар]]
[[nds:Noordzypern]]
[[nl:Turkse Republiek van Noord-Cyprus]]
[[nn:Nord-Kypros]]
[[no:Nord-Kypros]]
[[uz:Shimoliy Kipr Turk Respublikasi]]
[[pl:Cypr Północny]]
[[pt:República Turca de Chipre do Norte]]
[[ro:Ciprul de Nord]]
[[ru:Турецкая Республика Северного Кипра]]
[[scn:Cipru dû Nord]]
[[simple:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]]
[[sk:Turecká republika Severný Cyprus]]
[[sr:Турска Република Северни Кипар]]
[[sv:Nordcypern]]
[[tr:Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti]]
[[zh:北賽普勒斯土耳其共和國]]
Bagşylar we Aýdymçylar
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Chopanov
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== Aydymçylar ==
*[[Akyş(Akmuhammed) Saparow]]
*[[Atabaý Çarygulyýew]]
*[[Annuş Myratdurdyyew]]
*[[Gülşat Gurdowa]]
*[[Döwran Saparow]]
*[[Laçyn Mammedowa]]
*[[Şirin Palwanowa]]
Heýkeltraşlar
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2006-10-16T19:23:42Z
82.205.146.188
Zergarcilik heykeltaraslyk
Turkmenistan zergarciligin mesgenidir.
" Gyz-gelinlerimize zumerret daslaryny gysganman. Nirede bar bolsa tapyp getirip berin. Gyz-gelinin gownuni yykan turk iman (turkmen) daldir. Ejiz, nacar, gowni nazikdir. Olary nazik saklajak bolsanyz gownune yetin. Bezeg dasyny boynuna, arkasyna, dosune dakyn, yone yuzune degman, yuzun ozi mun zumerretden zyyatdyr. Beyik Tanrynyn yuregindaki mahir-nury yuzde jemlenendir dunyani cyraglandyryandyr. Sonda olar has owadan goruner, nazik bolar, gownunizi acar ruh berer " diyip Nuh pygamber edyardi.
Ruhnama Beyik Saparmyrat Turkmenbasy
Turkmenlerin zergarcilik dapleri gadymy wagtlardan baslanypdyr. Matalaryn yuzune kesde cekmek we altyn cayylan, gymmat bahaly daslar bilen bezelen, zikgelenen kumusden tayyarlanylan zergarcilik onumleri su dabin yuze cykmasy bolup duryar. Ayal-gyzlaryn egin-esikleri, ozaly bilen-de gelinlerin egin-esikleri yokary cepercilik bilen bezelyar. Boruge dakylyan say-sepler, sacbagylar, gulakhalkalar, boyna we dose, bilege dakylyan say-sepler tayyarlanypdyr: depesinden dabanyna cenli nepis say-sepler bilen bezelen gyz, hamala diyersin, ozunin acyk gyzyl renkdaki koyneginde kumuse colanan yaly bolup gorunyar. Ozbolusly zergarcilik onumleri adamyn we haywanlaryn, guslaryn we mojegin formalaryny gaytalayar, bular bolsa ahli turki halklaryn in gowy goryan nagyslarydyr. Estetiki wezipesinden basgada say-sepler durli kesellerin onuni almak ahmiyetine hem eyedir, say-seplerin keramatlylary hem bolup, olar adamlary goz degmeden gorayar. Seyrek bolaymasa, olaryn Merkezi Aziyanyn beyleki halklarynyn say-seplerinin arasynda ozune menzesleri yokdur. Sol bir wagtyn ozunde gadymy Parfiyanyn hem-de Margiananyn bezeg sungaty bilen arabaglanysygynyn bardygy duyulyar, bu bolsa, subhesiz, cepercilik daplerinin guyjune hem-de uznuksizligine sayatlyk edyar.
Ata Köpek Mergen
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2006-10-16T19:36:00Z
82.205.146.188
Ata kopek mergen
Bir gezek Ata Kopek guya gacypdyr.
Ol nace gezek cykmaga synanyssada cykyp bilmandir.
ahyry gahary gelip oyune gidip merdiwan alyp gelipdir
(Agajan) habarlashmak ucin agajanh@gmail.com
Radio
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2006-10-16T19:50:30Z
82.205.146.188
a
<nowiki>Insert non---~~~~
----
== [[Headline text]]'''''Italic text''''' ==
formatted text here</nowiki>
Wikipedia:Hoşgeldiniz, yeni üyeler
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2006-10-17T13:39:33Z
88.229.59.66
Hoşgeldiniz
Programmirleme
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2006-10-17T16:15:57Z
Agajan
119
C++ sapaklary
'''C++ Programmirleme- 1-nji sapak
Dev-C++ Ýüklemek'''
Programmirleme dilini öwrenmegiň iň gowy ýoly, ony ulanyp programma ýazmakdyr. Ýazan
programmalarymyzy barlap görmek üçin bize Dew-Ç++ gerek bolar we birinji etmeli işimiz, şol
programmany oz kömpýüterimizde işletmek.
Ol programmany internet-den şu salgydan alyp bilersiňiz.
''' http://surfnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/dev-cpp/devcpp-4.9.9.2_setup.exe'''
Dev-C++ Programmasy.
Birinji Programmamyzy ýazalyň
1. Dew-C++ açyn,
2. File -> New -> Source File girin ýada CTRL+N
3. Täze açylan ýer, C++ programmasy ýazylýan ýer. Şol ýerik aşakdaky bölegi göçürin. Edil bolşy
görçürmegiňiz zerurdyr. Baş-setir (uly,kiçi) harplar tapawut edýär.
C++ Programmirleme- 1-nji sapak (http://www.tmolympiad.org/)
/* menin birinji programmam */
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Salam! Men C++ owrenyarin!!!" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4. Bu faýly ýatda sakladyn. File -> Save. Ýada CTRL+S. Özüniz bir at berin
5. Ýazan programmamyzy işledelin. Execute -> Compile & Run. Ýada F9
6. Siz “Salam! Men C++ owrenyarin!!!!” Ýazgysyny we “Press any key to continue ...”
ýazgysyny görmeli. Bu işlap duran biziň ýazan programmamyz.
7. Çykmak üçin her haýsy duwma basyn.
Şulary edip bilen bolsanyz ýeterlik. Indi Ikinji sapaga garaşyn!
Wikipedia:Ülke referans Templates
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Mustafa Akalp
120
A large number of pages contain lists of nations that include (or could benefit from) a triple reference for each country:
* a visual reference, i.e. a thumb of the country's [[flag]].
* a lexical reference, i.e. the country's name
* a hyperlink reference to the article of the country in question.
A series of templates was created to ease the inclusion of these triple references. The obvious choice for the names of such templates have been the [[country codes]] by which each nation is commonly identified with.
However there exist two problems:
* a number of such country codes exist, including the [[ISO 3166-1]] codes, the [[list of IOC country codes|IOC Country codes]], and the [[List of FIFA country codes|FIFA country codes]]. They are not always compatible and consistent with each other, and are often counterintuitive.
* Some countries are also often commonly referred to by more than one name.
The following list strives for both inclusivity and clarity. Please try not to use or create template names like SLO or MAL which may mislead people into applying them for a number of different countries.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Template result
! What to type
! Also consider
|-
| {{ABKHAZIA}} || '''{{tl|ABKHAZIA}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{AFG}} || '''{{tl|AFG}}''' ||
|-
| {{ALA}} || '''{{tl|ALA}}''' ||
|-
| {{ALB}} || '''{{tl|ALB}}''' ||
|-
| {{ALG}} || '''{{tl|ALG}}''' ||
|-
| {{ASA}} || '''{{tl|ASA}}''' ||
|-
| {{AND}} || '''{{tl|AND}}''' ||
|-
| {{AGO}} || '''{{tl|AGO}}''' ||
|-
| {{AIA}} || '''{{tl|AIA}}''' ||
|-
| {{ATG}} || '''{{tl|ATG}}''' ||
|-
| {{ARG}} || '''{{tl|ARG}}''' ||
|-
| {{ARM}} || '''{{tl|ARM}}''' ||
|-
| {{ABW}} || '''{{tl|ABW}}''' ||
|-
| {{AUT}} || '''{{tl|AUT}}''' ||
|-
| {{AUS}} || '''{{tl|AUS}}''' ||
|-
| {{AZE}} || '''{{tl|AZE}}''' ||
|-
| {{BAH}} || '''{{tl|BAH}}''' or '''{{tl|BAHAMAS}}''' ||
|-
| {{BHR}} || '''{{tl|BHR}}''' ||
|-
| {{BAN}} || '''{{tl|BAN}}''' ||
|-
| {{BAR}} || '''{{tl|BAR}}''' ||
|-
| {{BASQUE COUNTRY}} || '''{{tl|BASQUE COUNTRY}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{BLR}} || '''{{tl|BLR}}''' ||
|-
| {{BEL}} || '''{{tl|BEL}}''' ||
|-
| {{BLZ}} || '''{{tl|BLZ}}''' ||
|-
| {{BEN}} || '''{{tl|BEN}}''' ||
|-
| {{BER}} || '''{{tl|BER}}''' ||
|-
| {{BHU}} || '''{{tl|BHU}}''' ||
|-
| {{BOL}} || '''{{tl|BOL}}''' ||
|-
| {{BIH}} || '''{{tl|BIH}}''' ||
|-
| {{BOT}} || '''{{tl|BOT}}''' ||
|-
| {{BRA}} || '''{{tl|BRA}}''' ||
|-
| {{IOT}} || '''{{tl|IOT}}''' ||
|-
| {{BRU}} || '''{{tl|BRN}}''' or '''{{tl|BRU}}''' ||
|-
| {{BUL}} || '''{{tl|BGR}}''' or '''{{tl|BUL}}''' ||
|-
| {{BFA}} || '''{{tl|BFA}}''' or '''{{tl|BUR}}''' ||
|-
| {{BDI}} || '''{{tl|BDI}}''' or '''{{tl|BURUNDI}}''' ||
|-
| {{CAM}} || '''{{tl|CAM}}''' ||
|-
| {{CMR}} || '''{{tl|CMR}}''' ||
|-
| {{CAN}} || '''{{tl|CAN}}''' ||
|-
| {{CPV}} || '''{{tl|CPV}}''' or '''{{tl|CAPE VERDE}}''' ||
|-
| {{CATALONIA}} || '''{{tl|CATALONIA}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{CAY}} || '''{{tl|CAY}}''' ||
|-
| {{CAF}} || '''{{tl|CAF}}''' ||
|-
| {{CHA}} || '''{{tl|CHA}}''' ||
|-
| {{CHI}} || '''{{tl|CHI}}''' ||
|-
| {{CHN}} || '''{{tl|CHN}}''' or '''{{tl|CHINA}}''' || Also consider:<br>'''{{tl|PRC}}''': {{PRC}}<br>'''{{tl|PRC-mainland}}''': {{PRC-mainland}}<br>'''{{tl|China as ROC}}''': {{China as ROC}} (China before the [[Chinese Civil War]])
|-
| {{COK}} || '''{{tl|COK}}''' ||
|-
| {{COL}} || '''{{tl|COL}}''' ||
|-
| {{COM}} || '''{{tl|COM}}''' ||
|-
| {{COG}} || '''{{tl|COG}}''' or '''{{tl|CGO}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|CNG-Bra}}''' for {{CNG-Bra}}
|-
| {{COD}} || '''{{tl|COD}}''' or '''{{tl|DRC}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|CNG-Kin}}''' for {{CNG-Kin}}
|-
| {{CRC}} || '''{{tl|CRC}}''' ||
|-
| {{CIV}} || '''{{tl|CIV}}''' ||
|-
| {{CRO}} || '''{{tl|CRO}}''' or '''{{tl|HRV}}''' ||
|-
| {{CUB}} || '''{{tl|CUB}}''' ||
|-
| {{CYP}} || '''{{tl|CYP}}''' ||
|-
| {{CZE}} || '''{{tl|CZE}}''' ||
|-
| {{DNK}} || '''{{tl|DNK}}''' ||
|-
| {{DJI}} || '''{{tl|DJI}}''' ||
|-
| {{DOM}} || '''{{tl|DOM}}''' ||
|-
| {{DMA}} || '''{{tl|DMA}}''' ||
|-
| {{TLS}} || '''{{tl|TLS}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|E TIMOR}}''' for {{E TIMOR}}
|-
| {{ECU}} || '''{{tl|ECU}}''' ||
|-
| {{EGY}} || '''{{tl|EGY}}''' ||
|-
| {{ESA}} || '''{{tl|ESA}}''' ||
|-
| {{ENGLAND}} || '''{{tl|ENGLAND}}''' or '''{{tl|ENG}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{EQG}} || '''{{tl|EQG}}''' ||
|-
| {{ERI}} || '''{{tl|ERI}}''' ||
|-
| {{EST}} || '''{{tl|EST}}''' ||
|-
| {{ETH}} || '''{{tl|ETH}}''' ||
|-
| {{FLK}} || '''{{tl|FLK}}''' ||
|-
| {{FRO}} || '''{{tl|FRO}}''' ||
|-
| {{FJI}} || '''{{tl|FJI}}''' ||
|-
| {{FIN}} || '''{{tl|FIN}}''' ||
|-
| {{FRA}} || '''{{tl|FRA}}''' ||
|-
| {{GUF}} || '''{{tl|GUF}}''' ||
|-
| {{PYF}} || '''{{tl|PYF}}''' ||
|-
| {{ATF}} || '''{{tl|ATF}}''' ||
|-
| {{GAB}} || '''{{tl|GAB}}''' ||
|-
| {{GAM}} || '''{{tl|GAM}}''' ||
|-
| {{GEO}} || '''{{tl|GEO}}''' ||
|-
| {{DEU}} || '''{{tl|DEU}}''' or '''{{tl|GER}}''' ||
|-
| {{GHA}} || '''{{tl|GHA}}''' ||
|-
| {{GIB}} || '''{{tl|GIB}}''' ||
|-
| {{GRC}} || '''{{tl|GRC}}''' or '''{{tl|GRE}}''' ||
|-
| {{GRL}} || '''{{tl|GRL}}''' ||
|-
| {{GRD}} || '''{{tl|GRD}}''' ||
|-
| {{GLP}} || '''{{tl|GLP}}''' ||
|-
| {{GUM}} || '''{{tl|GUM}}''' ||
|-
| {{GUA}} || '''{{tl|GUA}}''' ||
|-
| {{GGY}} || '''{{tl|GGY}}''' ||
|-
| {{GUI}} || '''{{tl|GUI}}''' ||
|-
| {{GBS}} || '''{{tl|GBS}}''' ||
|-
| {{GUY}} || '''{{tl|GUY}}''' ||
|-
| {{HAI}} || '''{{tl|HAI}}''' ||
|-
| {{HON}} || '''{{tl|HON}}''' ||
|-
| {{HKG}} || '''{{tl|HKG}}''' or '''{{tl|HONG KONG}}'''|| Also consider:<br> '''{{tl|HKG-PRC}}''': {{HKG-PRC}}<br>'''{{tl|HK-full}}''': {{HK-full}}
|-
| {{HUN}} || '''{{tl|HUN}}''' ||
|-
| {{ISL}} || '''{{tl|ISL}}''' or '''{{tl|ICE}}''' ||
|-
| {{INDIA}} || '''{{tl|INDIA}}''' ||
|-
| {{IDN}} || '''{{tl|IDN}}''' ||
|-
| {{IRN}} || '''{{tl|IRN}}''' ||
|-
| {{IRQ}} || '''{{tl|IRQ}}''' ||
|-
| {{IRL}} || '''{{tl|IRL}}''' or '''{{tl|IRE}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|EIRE}}''' for {{EIRE}}
|-
| {{ISR}} || '''{{tl|ISR}}''' ||
|-
| {{ITA}} || '''{{tl|ITA}}''' ||
|-
| {{JAM}} || '''{{tl|JAM}}''' ||
|-
| {{JPN}} || '''{{tl|JPN}}''' ||
|-
| {{JEY}} || '''{{tl|JEY}}''' ||
|-
| {{JOR}} || '''{{tl|JOR}}''' ||
|-
| {{KAZ}} || '''{{tl|KAZ}}''' ||
|-
| {{KEN}} || '''{{tl|KEN}}''' ||
|-
| {{KIR}} || '''{{tl|KIR}}''' ||
|-
| {{NKO}} || '''{{tl|NKO}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|PRK}}''' or '''{{tl|DPR KOREA}}''' for {{DPR KOREA}}
|-
| {{SKO}} || '''{{tl|SKO}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|KOR}}''' for {{KOR}}
|-
| {{KOSOVO}} || '''{{tl|KOSOVO}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{KWT}} || '''{{tl|KWT}}''' ||
|-
| {{KGZ}} || '''{{tl|KGZ}}''' ||
|-
| {{LAO}} || '''{{tl|LAO}}''' ||
|-
| {{LAT}} || '''{{tl|LAT}}''' ||
|-
| {{LEB}} || '''{{tl|LEB}}''' ||
|-
| {{LES}} || '''{{tl|LES}}''' ||
|-
| {{LBR}} || '''{{tl|LBR}}''' ||
|-
| {{LBA}} || '''{{tl|LBA}}''' ||
|-
| {{LIE}} || '''{{tl|LIE}}''' ||
|-
| {{LTU}} || '''{{tl|LTU}}''' or '''{{tl|LIT}}''' ||
|-
| {{LUX}} || '''{{tl|LUX}}''' ||
|-
| {{MAC}} || '''{{tl|MAC}}''' || Also consider:<br>'''{{tl|MAC-PRC}}''': {{MAC-PRC}}<br>'''{{tl|Macau (PRC)}}''': {{Macau (PRC)}}<br>'''{{tl|Macao (PRC)}}''': {{Macao (PRC)}}<br>'''{{tl|Macau-full}}''':{{Macau-full}}
|-
| {{MKD}} || '''{{tl|MKD}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|FYROM}}''' for {{FYROM}}
|-
| {{MAD}} || '''{{tl|MAD}}''' ||
|-
| {{MWI}} || '''{{tl|MWI}}''' ||
|-
| {{MAS}} || '''{{tl|MAS}}''' ||
|-
| {{MDV}} || '''{{tl|MDV}}''' ||
|-
| {{MLI}} || '''{{tl|MLI}}''' ||
|-
| {{MLT}} || '''{{tl|MLT}}''' ||
|-
| {{IMN}} || '''{{tl|IMN}}''' ||
|-
| {{MHL}} || '''{{tl|MHL}}''' ||
|-
| {{MTQ}} || '''{{tl|MTQ}}''' ||
|-
| {{MTN}} || '''{{tl|MTN}}''' or '''{{tl|MRT}}''' ||
|-
| {{MRI}} || '''{{tl|MRI}}''' or '''{{tl|MUS}}''' ||
|-
| {{MYT}} || '''{{tl|MYT}}''' ||
|-
| {{MEX}} || '''{{tl|MEX}}''' ||
|-
| {{MIC}} || '''{{tl|MIC}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|FSM}}''' for {{FSM}}
|-
| {{MOL}} || '''{{tl|MOL}}''' ||
|-
| {{MON}} || '''{{tl|MON}}''' ||
|-
| {{MGL}} || '''{{tl|MGL}}''' ||
|-
| {{MNE}} || '''{{tl|MNE}}''' ||
|-
| {{MSR}} || '''{{tl|MSR}}''' ||
|-
| {{MAR}} || '''{{tl|MAR}}''' ||
|-
| {{MOZ}} || '''{{tl|MOZ}}''' ||
|-
| {{MYA}} || '''{{tl|MYA}}''' or '''{{tl|MMR}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|BURMA}}''' or '''{{tl|BIR}}''' for {{BURMA}}
|-
| {{N-KARABAKH}} || '''{{tl|N-KARABAKH}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{NAM}} || '''{{tl|NAM}}''' ||
|-
| {{NAURU}} || '''{{tl|NAURU}}''' or '''{{tl|NRU}}''' ||
|-
| {{NPL}} || '''{{tl|NPL}}''' ||
|-
| {{NLD}} || '''{{tl|NLD}}''' ||
|-
| {{ANT}} || '''{{tl|ANT}}''' ||
|-
| {{NCL}} || '''{{tl|NCL}}''' ||
|-
| {{NZL}} || '''{{tl|NZL}}''' ||
|-
| {{NIC}} || '''{{tl|NIC}}''' ||
|-
| {{NIG}} || '''{{tl|NIG}}''' ||
|-
| {{NGA}} || '''{{tl|NGA}}''' ||
|-
| {{NIUE}} || '''{{tl|NIUE}}''' or '''{{tl|NIU}}''' ||
|-
| {{NFK}} || '''{{tl|NFK}}''' ||
|-
| {{N IRELAND}} || '''{{tl|N IRELAND}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{MNP}} || '''{{tl|MNP}}''' ||
|-
| {{NOR}} || '''{{tl|NOR}}''' ||
|-
| {{OMN}} || '''{{tl|OMN}}''' ||
|-
| {{PAK}} || '''{{tl|PAK}}''' ||
|-
| {{PLW}} || '''{{tl|PLW}}''' ||
|-
| {{PLE}} || '''{{tl|PLE}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|PSE}}''' for {{PSE}}
|-
| {{PAN}} || '''{{tl|PAN}}''' ||
|-
| {{PNG}} || '''{{tl|PNG}}''' ||
|-
| {{PAR}} || '''{{tl|PAR}}''' ||
|-
| {{PER}} || '''{{tl|PER}}''' ||
|-
| {{PHL}} || '''{{tl|PHL}}''' ||
|-
| {{PCN}} || '''{{tl|PCN}}''' ||
|-
| {{POL}} || '''{{tl|POL}}''' ||
|-
| {{POR}} || '''{{tl|POR}}''' ||
|-
| {{PRI}} || '''{{tl|PRI}}''' ||
|-
| {{QAT}} || '''{{tl|QAT}}''' ||
|-
| {{QUEBEC}} || '''{{tl|QUEBEC}}''' or '''{{tl|QC}}'''|| note: region without official ISO-3166 country code.
|-
| {{REU}} || '''{{tl|REU}}''' ||
|-
| {{ROM}} || '''{{tl|ROM}}''' ||
|-
| {{RUS}} || '''{{tl|RUS}}''' ||
|-
| {{RWA}} || '''{{tl|RWA}}''' ||
|-
| {{SHN}} || '''{{tl|SHN}}''' ||
|-
| {{SKN}} || '''{{tl|SKN}}''' ||
|-
| {{LCA}} || '''{{tl|LCA}}''' ||
|-
| {{SPM}} || '''{{tl|SPM}}''' ||
|-
| {{VIN}} || '''{{tl|VIN}}''' ||
|-
| {{SAM}} || '''{{tl|SAM}}''' ||
|-
| {{SMR}} || '''{{tl|SMR}}''' ||
|-
| {{STP}} || '''{{tl|STP}}''' ||
|-
| {{SAU}} || '''{{tl|SAU}}''' ||
|-
| {{SCOTLAND}} || '''{{tl|SCOTLAND}}''' or '''{{tl|SCO}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{SEN}} || '''{{tl|SEN}}''' ||
|-
| {{SRB}} || '''{{tl|SRB}}''' ||
|-
| {{SCG}} || '''{{tl|SCG}}''' ||
|-
| {{SEY}} || '''{{tl|SEY}}''' ||
|-
| {{SLE}} || '''{{tl|SLE}}''' ||
|-
| {{SIN}} || '''{{tl|SIN}}''' ||
|-
| {{SVK}} || '''{{tl|SVK}}''' ||
|-
| {{SVN}} || '''{{tl|SVN}}''' ||
|-
| {{SOL}} || '''{{tl|SOL}}''' ||
|-
| {{SOM}} || '''{{tl|SOM}}''' ||
|-
| {{SOMALILAND}} || '''{{tl|SOMALILAND}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{RSA}} || '''{{tl|RSA}}''' ||
|-
| {{SGS}} || '''{{tl|SGS}}''' ||
|-
| {{S OSSETIA}} || '''{{tl|S OSSETIA}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{S SUDAN}} || '''{{tl|S SUDAN}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{ESP}} || '''{{tl|ESP}}''' or '''{{tl|SPA}}''' ||
|-
| {{SRI}} || '''{{tl|SRI}}''' ||
|-
| {{SUD}} || '''{{tl|SUD}}''' ||
|-
| {{SUR}} || '''{{tl|SUR}}''' ||
|-
| {{SJM}} || '''{{tl|SJM}}''' ||
|-
| {{SWZ}} || '''{{tl|SWZ}}''' ||
|-
| {{SWE}} || '''{{tl|SWE}}''' ||
|-
| {{SUI}} || '''{{tl|SUI}}''' or '''{{tl|CHE}}''' ||
|-
| {{SYR}} || '''{{tl|SYR}}''' ||
|-
| {{TWN}} || '''{{tl|TWN}}''' || Also consider:<br> '''{{tl|ROC}}''': {{ROC}}<br>'''{{tl|ROC(TW)}}''': {{ROC(TW)}}<br> '''{{tl|ROC-TW}}''': {{ROC-TW}}<br>'''{{tl|TPE}}''': {{TPE}} (used for Olympic team)<br>'''{{tl|TPEf}}''': {{TPEf}} (used for the Soccer team)<br>'''{{tl|China as ROC}}''': {{China as ROC}} (China before the [[Chinese Civil War]])
|-
| {{TAJ}} || '''{{tl|TAJ}}''' ||
|-
| {{TAMIL EELAM}} || '''{{tl|TAMIL EELAM}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{TAN}} || '''{{tl|TAN}}''' ||
|-
| {{THA}} || '''{{tl|THA}}''' ||
|-
| {{TOG}} || '''{{tl|TOG}}''' ||
|-
| {{TKL}} || '''{{tl|TKL}}''' ||
|-
| {{TGA}} || '''{{tl|TGA}}''' ||
|-
| {{TRANSNISTRIA}} || '''{{tl|TRANSNISTRIA}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{TRI}} || '''{{tl|TRI}}''' ||
|-
| {{TRNC}} || '''{{tl|TRNC}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{TUN}} || '''{{tl|TUN}}''' ||
|-
| {{TUR}} || '''{{tl|TUR}}''' ||
|-
| {{TKM}} || '''{{tl|TKM}}''' ||
|-
| {{TCA}} || '''{{tl|TCA}}''' ||
|-
| {{TUV}} || '''{{tl|TUV}}''' ||
|-
| {{UGA}} || '''{{tl|UGA}}''' ||
|-
| {{UKR}} || '''{{tl|UKR}}''' ||
|-
| {{ARE}} || '''{{tl|ARE}}''' ||
|-
| {{UK}} || '''{{tl|UK}}''' or '''{{tl|GBR}}''' ||
|-
| {{USA}} || '''{{tl|USA}}''' ||
|-
| {{UMI}} || '''{{tl|UMI}}''' ||
|-
| {{URY}} || '''{{tl|URY}}''' ||
|-
| {{URS}} || '''{{tl|URS}}''' ||
|-
| {{UZB}} || '''{{tl|UZB}}''' ||
|-
| {{VAN}} || '''{{tl|VAN}}''' ||
|-
| {{VAT}} || '''{{tl|VAT}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|VA-HS}}''' for {{VA-HS}}
|-
| {{VEN}} || '''{{tl|VEN}}''' ||
|-
| {{VIE}} || '''{{tl|VIE}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|VNM}}''' for {{VNM}}
|-
| {{VGB}} || '''{{tl|VGB}}''' ||
|-
| {{VIR}} || '''{{tl|VIR}}''' ||
|-
| {{WALES}} || '''{{tl|WALES}}''' || note: region without official ISO-3166 country code
|-
| {{WLF}} || '''{{tl|WLF}}''' ||
|-
| {{WSA}} || '''{{tl|WSA}}''' or '''{{tl|ESH}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|SADR}}''' for {{SADR}}
|-
| {{YEM}} || '''{{tl|YEM}}''' ||
|-
| {{YUG}} || '''{{tl|YUG}}''' || Also consider '''{{tl|FR-YUG}}''' for {{FR-YUG}}
|-
| {{ZAM}} || '''{{tl|ZAM}}''' ||
|-
| {{ZIM}} || '''{{tl|ZIM}}''' ||
|}
==See also==
*[[Template:Country table]]
*[[ISO 3166-1]]
[[Category:Country templates]]
[[Category:ISO 3166]]
[[Category:Regional WikiProjects|Country referencing templates]]
[[de:Wikipedia:Ländervorlagen mit Flagge]]
[[ko:위키백과:위키프로젝트 국가/국가 코드]]
[[hr:Popis predložaka sa zastavama]]
[[ja:Wikipedia:Template国名3レターコード]]
[[pl:Wikipedia:Szablony krajów z flagami]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:國家及地區標示模板]]
Template:TUR
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{{country|flagcountry|Turkey}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Bayrak templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
</noinclude>
Template:Suratlı,dinamik yönlendirme kutusu
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Mustafa Akalp
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Template:Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları
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Ga1taman
128
{| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"
! [[Image:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg|60px|Flag of Turkmenistan]]|| align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" |Türkmenistanyň Welaýatları || [[Image:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg|60px|Flag of Turkmenistan]]
|-
| align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="3" |[[Image:TurkmenistanNumbered.png|70 px|left|]] 1-'''[[Ahal welaýaty]]''' ([[Änew]]) | 2- '''[[Balkan welaýaty]]''' ([[Balkanabat]]) | 3- '''[[Daşoguz welaýaty]]''' ([[Daşoguz]]) | 4- '''[[Lebap welaýaty]]''' ([[Türkmenabat]]) <br> 5- '''[[Mary welaýaty]]''' ([[Mary]])
|}
</center>
<noinclude>
[[en:Template:Turkmenistan]]
[[fa:الگو:استانهای ترکمنستان]]
[[tr:Şablon:Türkmenistan'ın Vilayetleri (merkez)]]
</noinclude>
Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası
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{{en:Translation}}
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big>'''Nahçıvan Özerk Cumhuriyeti'''<br><b> '''Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası'''</b></font>
|-
| style=background:#efefef; align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=140px | [[Image:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|135px|Azerbaycan'ın Bayrağı]]
| align=center width=140px | [[Image:Flag of Nakhichevan.svg|135px|Nahçıvan'ın Bayrağı]]
|-
| align=center width=140px | ([[Azerbaycan'ın Bayrağı]])
| align=center width=140px | ([[Nahçıvan'ın Bayrağı]])
</tr>
</table>
<tr>
<td align=center colspan=2>[[Image:Azerbaijan-Nakhichevan.png|270px]]<!--Azerbaycan'ın Haritası left--></td>
</tr>
<tr>
|-
| '''[[Resmi Dil]]'''
| [[Azerbaycan Türkçesi]]
|-
| '''[[Başkent]]'''
| [[Nahcivan (Şehir)]]
|-
| '''[[Yönetici]]'''
| [[İlham Aliyev]]
|-
| '''[[Meclis Başkanı]]'''
| [[Vasif Talybov]]
|-
| '''[[Yüzölçümü]]'''<br> - Toplam<br> - % su
| <br> [[1 E9 m²|5,500 km²]] <br>yok
|-
| '''[[Nüfus]]'''<br> - Toplam
| <br> 365,000+
|-
| '''[[Kuruluşu]]'''<br> - Bildirinin<br> - Tanınması
| <br>[[1991]]<br>''Uluslararası alanda azerbaycan'ın bir parçası''
|-
| '''[[Para Birimi]]'''
| [[Azerbaycan Manatı]]
|-
| '''[[Saat Dilimi]]'''<br/> - [[Yaz Saati]]nde
| [[Eastern European Time|EET]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+4)<br/>[[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+5)
|-
| '''[[Ulusal Slogan]]'''
| ''yok (Azerbaycan'ın Sloganı kullanılır)''
|-
| '''[[İnternet alan adı]]'''
| [[.az]]
|-
| '''[[Telefon Kodu]]'''
| +994
|-
| colspan="2" align="left"|<small>
|}
'''Nahçıvan Cumhuriyeti''' [[Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti]]'ne bağlı bir özerk cumhuriyettir. [[Kuzey]]i ve [[doğu]]su [[Ermenistan]] ile, [[güney]]i ve [[batı]]sı da [[İran]] topraklarıyla çevrilmiş olup, [[batı]]sında yer alan [[Türkiye]] ile onüç kilometrelik bir sınırı vardır. Bu sınır bölgesi [[Türkiye]] tarafından "Dil Ucu" olarak adlandırılmakta olup, [[Türkiye]] ile Nahçıvan'ı birbirine bağlayan yol Dil Ucu'nda [[Aras Nehri]] üzerine inşa edilen "Hasret Köprüsü"nden geçmektedir. [[Özerk Cumhuriyet]] de, tarihî [[Nahçıvan Hanlığı]] gibi, kendisine başkentlik yapan Nahçıvan şehrinin adı ile anılmaktadır. Şehir bugün yaklaşık 70.000 nüfusa sahip olup, [[Özerk Cumhuriyet]]in toplam nüfusu ise 400 bin civarındadır.
Yaklaşık 5.500 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip olan NÖC'nin nüfusu 350.000 civarındadır. NÖC, Nahçıvan şehri (63.00) ile buna bağlı 6 ilçeden oluşmaktadır. (Şerur:10.700, Sederek:12.000, Babek:71.300, Şahbuz:20.300, Culfa:35.900, Ordubat:40.600). Son yıllarda yaşanan göç hareketleri neticesinde Nahçıvan'ın nüfusunda azalma olduğu gözlenmektedir.
Nüfusunun % 28'i şehir merkezlerinde yaşayan Nahçıvan'da 228 ilk ve orta öğretim okulu, 5 meslek lisesi ve 2 üniversite bulunmaktadır. 1999 yılı itibarıyle toplam öğrenci sayısı 80.000 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Nahçıvan'da 235 Türk, Türkiye'de ise 200 Nahçıvan'lı yüksek öğrenim öğrencisi bulunmaktadır.
Arazi yapısı dağlık bir nitelik gösteren Nahçıvan'da ovaların toplam araziye oranı % 20, ormanların oranı ise % 2 civarındadır.
[[Azerbaycan]]'a bağlı olmakla birlikte, bu ülkeyle fiziki bağlantısı olmayan NÖC, Türk Cumhuriyetleri arasında Türkiye ile fiziki bağlantısı bulunan tek toprak parçasıdır. Türkiye ile Nahçıvan arasında 11 km'lik bir sınır bulunmaktadır. Nahçıvan şehir merkezi ile Iğdır ilimiz arasındaki uzaklık ise 160 km olup, iki şehir karayolu ile birbirlerine bağlanmıştır. İki ülke arasındaki ulaşım ve ticari ilişkiler Dilucu Kapısından gerçekleştirilmektedir.
== Siyasi Yapı ==
Nahçıvan Özerk Cumhuriyeti'nin (NÖC) statüsü [[12 Kasım]] [[1995]] tarihinde halk oylaması ile kabul edilen Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti Anayasası'nın 9. Bölümünde düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre; NÖC içişlerinde özerk, savunma ve dış politikasında ise [[Azerbaycan]]'a bağımlı bir statüye sahiptir. Yasama organı 45 üyeli Ali Meclis'ten, yürütme organı ise Bakanlar Kurulu'ndan oluşan Nahçıvan'da yargı görevi bağımsız mahkemelerce ifa edilmektedir.
NÖC, [[Türkiye]]'nin de taraf olduğu 1921 Moskova ve Kars Andlaşmaları uyarınca Özerk Statüsü devam etmek kaydıyla [[Azerbaycan]]'a bırakılmıştır. Bu çerçevede, [[Türkiye]] de NÖC'nin statüsünün devamında dolaylı olarak bir güvence unsuru haline gelmiştir. [[Türkiye]]'nin orta ve uzun vadeli stratejisinde çok önemli bir yere sahip olan NÖC ile [[Azerbaycan]] arasında fiziki bir bağlantı bulunmamaktadır.
{{Azerbaycan-Rayonları}}
{{türk_devletleri}}
[[Category:Muxtar Türk Devletleri]]
[[Category:Muxtar Cumhuriyetler]]
[[ar:ناخيتشيفان]]
[[az:Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası]]
[[ca:Nakhtxivan]]
[[cv:Начихевань автономлă республики]]
[[de:Autonome Republik Nachitschewan]]
[[en:Nakhichevan]]
[[es:República autónoma de Najicheván]]
[[et:Nahhitševan]]
[[fa:نخجوان]]
[[fr:Nakhitchevan]]
[[gl:Nakhichevan - Naxçıvan]]
[[hy:Նախիջեվան]]
[[id:Nakhichevan]]
[[it:Repubblica Autonoma di Nakhchivan]]
[[ja:ナヒチェヴァン自治共和国]]
[[ka:ნახჭევანი]]
[[ko:나히체반]]
[[nl:Nachitsjevan]]
[[no:Nakhitsjevan]]
[[pl:Nachiczewan]]
[[pt:Nakichevan]]
[[ru:Нахичеванская Автономная Республика]]
[[sr:Нахчиван]]
[[sv:Nachitjevan]]
[[uk:Нахічевань]]
[[zh:纳希切万自治共和国]]
Template:Azerbaycan-Rayonları
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<div align="center" style="clear: both;">
{| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"
! style="background:#ccccff" align="left" width="1%" | [[Image:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|90px|Azerbaycan bayrağı]]
! style="background:#ccccff" align="center" width="50%"| [[Azerbaycan|Azerbaycan'ın Rayonları]]| [[Image:Azerbaijan coa.png|80px|right|Azerbaycan arması]]
|-
| align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2" | '''Rayonlar''': [[Abşeron]] • [[Ağdam]] • [[Ağdaş]] • [[Ağcabədi]] • [[Ağstafa]] • [[Ağsu]] • [[Astara (rayon)|Astara]] • [[Babek]]* • [[Balakən]] • [[Bardə]] • [[Beyləqan]] • [[Biləsuvar]] • [[Daşkəsən]] • [[Dəvəçi]] • [[Fizuli]] • [[Gədəbay]] • [[Goranboy]] • [[Göyçay]] • [[Hacıkabul]] • [[İmişli]] • [[İsmayıllı]] • [[Cəbrayıl]] • [[Cəlilabad]] • [[Culfa (rayon)|Culfa]]* • [[Kəlbəcər]] • [[Kəngərli]]* • [[Xaçmaz]] • [[Xanlar]] • [[Xızı]] • [[Xocalı]] • [[Xocavənd]] • [[Kürdəmir]] • [[Laçın]] • [[Lankaran (rayon)|Lankaran]] • [[Lerik]] • [[Masallı]] • [[Neftçala]] • [[Oğuz]] • [[Ordubad]]* • [[Qabala]] • [[Qax]] • [[Qazax]] • [[Qobustan]] • [[Quba]] • [[Qubadlı]] • [[Qusar]] • [[Saatlı]] • [[Sabirabad]] • [[Sadarak]]* • [[Salyan]] • [[Samux]] • [[Şahbuz]]* • [[Shaki (rayon)|Şaki]] • [[Şamakhi]] • [[Şamkir]] • [[Şarur]]* • [[Şuşa (rayon)|Şuşa]] • [[Siazan]] • [[Tartar (rayon)|Tartar]] • [[Tovuz]] • [[Ucar]] • [[Yardımlı]] • [[Yevlax (rayon)|Yevlax]] • [[Zengilan]] • [[Zaqatala]] • [[Zərdab]]<br><small>''Yıldız işaretli yerler [[Nahçıvan]] Özerk Bölgesi'ndedir.''
|}
</div>
Template:Wikipedianın hacmi
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{| width=350 cellspacing=5 style="float:left;border-style:solid;border-color:#ccccff;padding:5px;text-align:center;"
|colspan="2" align="center"|
<font size="+1">Wikipedia'nın hacmi</font>
|----
|[[Image:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|100px|Wikipedia]]
|
Şimdi; {{CURRENTDAY}} [[{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}]], [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]], {{CURRENTTIME}}, [[UTC]], <br>[[Türkmen]] Wikipedia'da '''''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''''' madde var.Bu sayıya sadece ana maddeler dahildir, yönlendirmeler dahil değildir.
|}
Template:Türkiýe'nin şäherleri
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[[Template:Türkiýe'nin şäherleri]] moved to [[Template:Türkiýe'nin welaýatlery]]
#REDIRECT [[Template:Türkiýe'nin welaýatlery]]
Template:Kocaeli ilçeler
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<br clear=all>
<center>
{| id="toc" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"
! [[Image:Kocaeli Turkey Provinces locator.gif|100px|Kocaeli Haritası]]|| align="center" style="background:#ccccff" width="100%" |[[Kocaeli|Kocaeli ilinin]] ilçeleri || [[Image:Flag of Turkey.svg|70px|Türk Bayrağı]]
|-
| align="center" style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="3" |
[[İzmit|İzmit]] |
[[Derince, Kocaeli|Derince]] |
[[Gebze, Kocaeli|Gebze]] |
[[Gölcük, Kocaeli|Gölcük]] |
[[Kandıra, Kocaeli|Kandıra]] |
[[Karamürsel, Kocaeli|Karamürsel]] |
[[Körfez, Kocaeli|Körfez]]
|}
</center>
Template:Trİl
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{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; width: 300px; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3" background=#e3e3e3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#e3e3e3"
! colspan=2 | {{{İl adı}}} ili konumu
|- align="center"
| colspan=2 | [[Image:{{{Harita adı}}} Turkey Provinces locator.jpg|290px]]
|- align="center" bgcolor="#e3e3e3"
! colspan=2 | Bilgiler
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Türkiye'nin coğrafi bölgeleri|Bölgesi:]] || [[{{{Bölge}}}]]
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Yüzölçümü]]: || {{{Yüzölçümü}}} (km<sup>2</sup>)
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Nüfus]]: (2000)|| {{{Nüfus}}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Nüfus yoğunluğu]]: || {{{Nüfus yoğunluğu}}} (kişi/km<sup>2</sup>)
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Plaka kodu]]: || {{{Plaka kodu}}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Posta kodu]]: || {{{Posta kodu}}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[İl alan kodları|Telefon kodu]]: || {{{Telefon kodu}}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[İlçe|İlçe sayısı]] || {{{İlçe sayısı}}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Vali]]: || {{{Vali}}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[İnternet|Resmi İnternet Sitesi]]: || {{{İnternet Sitesi}}}
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| [[Koordinat|Koordinatları]]: || {{{Koordinantları}}}
|}
{| border="0" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaaaaa; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em"
|- style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top"
|}
<includeonly>
[[Kategori:{{{İl adı}}}]]
</includeonly>
Savaş Şentürk
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[[Savaş Şentürk]] moved to [[User:Savaş Şentürk]]
#REDIRECT [[User:Savaş Şentürk]]
Kayseri, Türkiýe
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[[Image:Kayseri Saat kulesi.jpg|frame|rigt|Kayseri Saat kulesi]]
'''Kayseri''', [[Türkiýe Jumhuriyäti]]nin İç Anadolu bölgesinde, büyükşehir statüsüne sahip bir şehirdir.
== Nüfusu ==
2000 Yılı Genel Nüfus Sayımı sonuçlarına göre Kayseri İli'nin toplam nüfusu 1.060.694'tür. Toplam nüfusun 732.410'u şehirlerde, 328.284 kişi ise köylerde yaşamaktadır. İlçeler arasında Kocasinan İlçesi 321.032 nüfusu ile ilk sırayı alırken, Akkışla İlçesi 9.864 nüfusu ile son sırada yer almaktadır. Kayseri İli, Türkiye toplam nüfusunun (67.803.927), yüzde 1,6'lık bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır.
== Tarihçe ==
Kayseri çevresinde bilinen en eski yerleşim yeri, bugün ki şehre yaklaşık 20 kilometre mesafede bulunan “Kültepe Höyüğü”dür. Bu höyükte bulunan Kaniş, o günkü Kayseri’nin başşehri olup M.Ö 2800 senesinden Helenistik Devirlere kadar önemini korumuştur.
Kaniş’in önemini kaybetmesi üzerine o dönemlerin kutsal dağı olan Argaios’un (Erciyes) kuzey eteğinde bulunan Mazaka’nın ön plana çıktığını ve şehrin merkezi olduğunu görmekteyiz. İsminin nereden geldiği tartışılan ve M.Ö XII-IX. yüzyıllar arasında iskan görmeye başladığı tahmin edilen Mazaka, bir süre sonra Tabal Devleti’nin başşehri olmuş. Bu devletin yıkılması üzerine Frigler’in eline geçmiş ve daha sonra da Kimmerler’in sınırları içerisinde kalmış (M.Ö 676).
Kimmerler, Asur ve Lidyalılar tarafından Anadolu’dan atılınca (M.Ö 650) Mazaka, Asur egemenliğine girmiş ve daha sonra Lidya ve Medler arasında sınır olmuş. Persler’in, Lidayalılar’ı yenmesi üzerine bütün Anadolu gibi Mazaka da bu devletin hakimiyetine girmiş. Pers hakimiyeti ile birlikte İran’dan bu bölgeye çok insan gelmiş, kendi ülkelerine benzettikleri bu bölgelerde, “Ateşgede Kültürü” nü yerleştirmiş. Ve bu “Kültür” yüzyıllarca bu bölgede egemen olmuş. Hatta bağımsız Kabadokya Kralları bile bu “kültün” yani “dini çerçevenin” dışına çıkamamış.
Kabadokya krallarından IV. Ariarathes Eusebias, babası III. Ariarathes tarafından kurulan “Ariarathia” şehrinde bir müddet kalmış ve sonra sarayını Mazaka’ya taşımıştır. Bunun oğlu V. Ariarathes ise babasının adına izafeten şehre, “Eusebia” adını vermiş (M.Ö. 163-130).
Mazaka’nın yanında yeni bir Helen şehri olarak doğan Eusebia, Kabadokya Kralı Archelaos (M.Ö. 36, M.S. 17) zamanında Roma İmparatoru “Caisar Avgustus” adına izafeten “Kaisaria” adı verilmiştir. M.Ö 12-8 tarihlerinde basılan bütün sikkelerde (paralarda) Kaisaria ismine rastlamaktayız.
== Coğrafi konumu ==
İç Anadolu’nun yukarı Kızılırmak bölgesinde 340 56’ ve 360 59’ doğu boylamlarıyla 370 45’ ve 380 18’ kuzey enlemleri arasında yer alan Kayseri İli 16.917 kilometrekarelik yüzölçümüyle ülke topraklarının %2,2’lik bir bölümünü kaplamaktadır. İl merkezinin denizden yüksekliği 1054 metredir.
[[Image:Sultansazlığı-Kayseri.jpg|thumb|px300|right|Sultansazlığı-Erciyes dağı]]
İl Sınırlarının Uç Noktaları :
:Yönler Uç Noktalar Enlem (Kuzey) Boylam (Doğu)
:Doğu Uzunpınar-Pınarbaşı 380 00’ 360 58’
:Batı Derbentbaşı-Yeşilhisar 380 24’ 340 56’
:Kuzey Alamettin-Sarıoğlan 380 18’ 350 52’
:Güney Büyükçakır-Yahyalı 370 45’ 350 24’
İl alanı kuzeybatı ve kuzeyden Yozgat’ın Çayıralan ve Boğazlıyan; kuzey ve kuzeydoğudan Sivas’ın Gemerek, Şarkışla, Kangal ve Gürün; doğudan Kahramanmaraş’ın Afşin ve Göksun; güneyden Adana’nın Tufanbeyli, Saimbeyli Feke ve Karaisalı; güneybatıdan Niğde’nin Merkez ve Çamardı; batıdan ise Nevşehir’in Derinkuyu, Ürgüp ve Avanos ilçeleriyle çevrilidir.
İli, güneyden ve doğudan Orta Toroslar’ın uzantıları; kuzeyden ve batıdan ise geniş bir lav platosu sınırlar. Kayseri il topraklarının yüzde 36,1’i dağlarla, yüzde 14,8’i ovalarla, yüzde 49,1’i gibi büyük bir bölümü ise platolarla kaplıdır.
Toprakların % 39.7’si tarım arazisi olan İlin toprak kullanımında en küçük payı, % 8.05 ile orman ve fundalık alan oluşturmaktadır. Arazi dağılımı aşağıdaki gibidir:
:Arazi Dağılımı
:Miktar (Ha)
:Oran (%)
:Tarım Arazisi
:670. 584
:39,76
Çayır Mera
:691. 028
:40,97
Orman ve Fundalık
:135.817
:08,05
Tarım Dışı Arazi
;194.271
;11,22
Toplam
;1.691.700
;100.00
Görüldüğü üzere il yüzölçümünün yüzde 40’ını tarım arazisi oluşturmaktadır. En düşük arazi oranı ise orman ve fundalık alandır. Kayseri orman yönünden oldukça fakirdir.
== Dağları ==
[[Image:Erciyes dağı.jpg|frame|rigth|Erciyes dağı]]
'''Erciyes Dağı'''
Türkiye’nin en yüksek dağlarından olan Erciyes, Kayseri İli’nin güneybatısında tek bir kütle durumunda yükselmektedir. Erciyes’in doruğu genel görünümü ile bir kubbeyi andırmaktadır. Dağın sel yatakları ile derin biçimde yarılmış, yer yer üst üste kubbelerden ve sırtlardan oluşmuş doruklarında, kabaca doğu-batı doğrultulu bir sağrı uzanmakta ve bu sağrı üzerinde iki tepe bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan biri olan 3917 m. yükseklikteki Büyük Erciyes, aynı zamanda dağın doruğunu oluşturur. İkinci tepeyse bunun batısında yer alan Safrakaya tepesi yada Küçük Erciyes’tir (2700 m.).
'''Koramaz-Hınzır Dağları'''
Bu sıra, il alanını engebelendiren birbirine paralel üç dağ grubundan en kuzeyde olanıdır. Erciyes ile başlayıp, Koramaz Dağı’yla (1900 m.) süren bu dağ sırası, son kabartısını il sınırlarının kuzeyinde, Hınzır Dağı’nda (2500 m.) gösterir.
'''Süvegen-Aygörmez-Köşkerli-Kepekli Dağları'''
Bu dağ grubu, ilin güneyinde Süveğen dağı ile başlar, Aygörmez ve Köşkerli dağları ile süren sıra, Kepekli dağı ile Uzunyayla’ya doğru uzanır.
Sözkonusu sıranın en yüksek dağı, 2225 m. ile Kepekli’dir. Bunu sırasıyla Aygörmez (2094 m.) ve Köşkerli (2000 m.) dağları izler. Kırılmalar sonucu yükselen bu dağların yapısında kristalen kalkerler önemli yer tutmaktadır
'''Tahtalı Dağları'''
İl sınırları içindeki kuzeydoğu-güneybatı uzantılı üç dağ sırasının en güneyindeki son grubunu oluşturan Tahtalı Dağları; Bakırdağı, Beydağı, Soğanlı Dağı ve Gövdeli Dağı gibi kabartılardan oluşmaktadır. Orta Toroslar’ın uzantıları olan bu sıradağın birçok noktası 2500 metrenin üzerindedir. İl sınırları içerisindeki en yüksek noktasına 3.075 m. ile Bey Dağı’nda ulaşan Tahtalı Dağları’nın bunun dışındaki yüksek noktaları Soğanlı Dağı (2100 m.), Bakır Dağı (2462 m.) ve Gövdeli Dağı’ndaki Sandıkdere Tepesi’dir (2601 m.).
== İlçeleri ==
Akkışla | Bünyan | Develi | Felahiye
Hacılar | İncesu | Kocasinan | Melikgazi
Özvatan | Pınarbaşı | Sarıoğlan | Sarız
Talas | Tomarza | Yahyalı | Yeşilhisar
== Önemli Gazeteleri ==
[[Image:Erciyes Gazetesi bAŞLIK.gif|frame|right|Erciyes Gazetesi'nin başlığı]]
'''[[Erciyes Gazetesi]]'''
Ülker Gazetesi
Kayseri Havadis Gazetesi
== Televizyonları ==
Erciyes tv
Kanal 38 tv
Elif tv
Kay-tv
== Ünlüleri ==
:'''Melik Gazi''',(Devlet Adamı, Komutan)
:'''Mimar Sinan''',(Mimar)
:'''Hunat Hatun''',(Prenses)
:'''İbrahim Tennuri''', (Tasavvuf Üstadı)
:'''Ahi Evren''', (Sufi, Esnaf)
:'''Seyyid Burhaneddin''', (Sufi, Seyyid)
:'''Kadı Burhaneddin''', (Alim, Devlet Adamı)
:'''Davud-u Kayseri''',(Alim, Sufi)
:'''Osman Kavuncu''', (Belediye Başkanı)
:'''Sakıp Sabancı''', (İşadamı)
:'''Kadir Has''', (İşadamı)
:'''Turhan Feyzioğlu''' , (Devlet Adamı)
:'''Mehmet Yazar''' , (İşadamı, Politikacı)
:[[Hasan Sami Bolak]], (Gazeteci, Şair,Yazar)
:'''Şükrü Karatepe''', (Belediye Başkanı)
:'''Abdullah Gül''', (Eski Başbakan)
:'''Ali Biraderoğlu''' , Düşünür, Yazar
Image:Erciyes dağı.jpg
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Kaynak: Kayseri Valiliği internet sitesi
Kaynak: Kayseri Valiliği internet sitesi
Image:Sultansazlığı-Kayseri.jpg
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Kaynak: Erciyes Gazetesi
Kaynak: Erciyes Gazetesi
Image:Erciyes Gazetesi bAŞLIK.gif
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Kayseri, Türkiye
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[[Kayseri, Türkiye]] moved to [[Kayseri, Türkiýe]]
#REDIRECT [[Kayseri, Türkiýe]]
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Wikipedia:Sayfa silme kuralları
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88.224.217.220
my web search sil
Litva
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Diamond
122
interwiki:el
[[Image:GediminasCastle002.jpg|thumb|260px|[[Gediminas|Gedimina]] (Vilnius) - Litvas simbols]]
[[image:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg|thumb|right|260px|Flag]]
[[image:Coat_of_Arms_Lithuania.gif|thumb|right|260px|Herb]]
'''Litva''', '''Litwa''' (lt'''Lietuva'''), bir [[döwlet]] [[Ýewropa]]'da.
'''[[Paýtagt]]''' - '''[[Vilnius]]'''.
[[Prezident]] - '''[[Valdas Adamkus]]'''.
== Link ==
[[Belarus]]
[[Category:Geografiya]]
[[de:litauen]]
[[el:Λιθουανία]]
[[en:lithuania]]
[[fr:lituanie]]
[[lt:lietuva]]
Litwa
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Redagavimas
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[[Litwa]] moved to [[Litva]]
#REDIRECT [[Litva]]
Lietuva
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Redagavimas
123
Redirecting to [[Litva]]
#redirect [[Litva]]
Opera
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85.99.2.32
Bir avradin yahut bir herifin cigirdigi, sozde musiki dalidir.
Oğuz Kağan Destanı
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88.226.129.67
'''Mete'''nin hayatı etrafında şekillenmiştir.
War
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63.96.196.195
Define:war
A violent conflict which blood may be shed.
Revolutionary war
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63.96.196.195
Aşgabat şäheri
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Redirecting to [[Aşgabat]]
#Redirect [[Aşgabat]]
A
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Parahat
8
'''A''' - 1) türkmen elipbiýiniň birinji harpy. A harpy agzyň giň açylmagy, diliň agyz boşlugynda yza çekilmegi netijesinde hasyl bolýan giň, dodaklanmaýan, ýogyn çekimli sesiň belligi. Peredmetler elipbiý tertibinde görkezilende, bu harp birinji peredmeti aňladýar. A sesi sözüň ähli ýerinde gelip bilýär. Bu ses uzyn (a:t, a:ç) we gysga (a:t, a:ç) aýdylmak bilen iki sany özbaşdak [[fonema]]ny hasyl edýär. Bu harp arap grafikasynda [[elip]] (ﺁ) diýlip atlandyrylýar; 2) türkmen klassyky edebiýatynda bu harp dikligi, syrdamlygy aňladýar.
Aalen ýarusy
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8
'''AALEN ÝARUSY''' - [[[GFR]]iň günorta-günbatarynda ýerleşýän Alen (Aalen) şäherçesiniň adyndan] - [[ýura sistemasy]]nyň ortaky bölüminiň aşaky [[ýarus]]y. Çökündileri [[toýun]], [[çägesöw]] we [[kömür]]li gatlardan ybaratdyr. Ol [[Alp|Alp dagy]] we [[Kawkaz|Kawkaz dagy]] daglarynda, Türkmenistanda-[[Uly Balkan]]da, [[Tüwegyr]]da, [[Köýtendag]]da duşýar.
AB preparaty
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Parahat
8
'''AB preparay''' - oba-hojalyk ekinleriniň keseline garşy ulanylýan serişde. Ol mawy tegmilli, çalymtyk, açyk gök reňkli poroşok görnüşinde bolýar. AB preparaty [[kükürturşy mis]] bilen [[kömürturşy mis]]den ybarat. Preparat suwda ereýär. Ol [[budaý]]yň, [[süläniň]], [[mekgejöwen]]iň tozanly garabaş keselleriniň garşysyna ulanylýar. AB preparatyny [[boddos suwuklygy]]nyň deregine kartoşkanyň [[Fitoftora keseli|fitoftora]], üzümüň [[Kerep keseli|kerep]] kesellerine garşy tozadyp sepmek bilen hem ulanmak bolýar.
[[Category:Bagbançylyk]]
Everest
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Parahat
8
[[Everest]] moved to [[Ewerest]]: Türkmen elipbiýinde V harpy ýok
#REDIRECT [[Ewerest]]
Aba Serdaryň gozgalaňy
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'''[[Aba serdar]]yň gozgalaňy''' - 16 asyryň ortalarynda [[Etrek]] we [[Gürgen]] türkmenleriniň [[Astrabat]] häkimleriniň zulumyna garşy gozgalaňy. 16 asyrda Etrek we Gürgen derýalarynyň aşak akymynda, Astrabat welaýatynyň demirgazyk regionlarynda ekerançylyk we ýarym çarwaçylyk bilen meşgyllanýan türkmen (gökleň, okly, emreli we beýleki) taýpalary ýaşapdyrlar. Olar Hywa hanlygynyň raýaty hökmünde Horezm soltanlaryna agyr salgyt (pul, mal we nöker) töläpdirler hem-de Eýranyň ýerli (Astrabat) häkimiýetileri tarapyndan gysylyp, talanyp gelipdirler. 1550-nji ýylda Astrabatdyň täze häkimi Keçel Şahberdiniň türkmenlerden agyr paç ýygnamaga synanşmagy zerarly gozgalaň başlanypdyr. Okly taýpasynyň kethudasy Aba Serdaryň baştutanlygy astyndaky gozgalaňçylar Keçel Şahberdiniň garyndaşy, gözegçilik we salgyt ýygnamak üçin goýlan Şatyr begi öldüripdirler. Gahar-gazaba münen Keçel Şahberdi goşun çekip baranda, okly türkmenleri onuň goşunyny derbi-dagyn edip, özüni hem öldüripdirler. Şondan soň gozgalaň bütin türkmen obalaryny gurşap alypdyr we Astrabadyň käbir beýleki reýonlaryna hem aralaşypdyr. Bu ýerlerdäki Eýran çinownikleri gaçyp gitmäge mejbur bolupdyrlar. Eýran şasy Tahmasp şanyň (1524-78) uly goşun iberip, Aba Serdar gozgalaňyny ýatyrmak üçin eden birnäçe synanşygy başa barmandyr. Aba Serdar Eýran bilen ozaldan hem urşup gelen Ürgenç we Durun welaýatlarynyň hökümdary Aly soltan bilen ylalaşmak baglaşypdyr we onuň galapyn özbeklerden ybarat bolan goşunyna daýanyp, 1554-58 ýyllaryň dowamynda birnäçe agyr söweşler edip, ajaýyp ýeňişler gazanypdyr. Türkmen atly goşunynyň şöhratly serkerdesi Aba Serdaryň dabarasy çar töwerege ýaýrapdyr. Bütin kenarýaka türkmenleri 10-12 ýylyň dowamynda Eýran häkimiýetlerine garaşsyz diýen ýaly bolupdyrlar. Gozgalaňy güýç bilen ýatyrmak başartmansoň, gajar feodallary Aba Serdaryň janyna haýynçylykly kast etmäge girişipdirler. Aba Serdar ukyda ýatyrka, gapy hyzmatkäri, asly eýranly bir adam tarapyndan öldürilipdir. Onuň kellesi Astrabat häkimine sowgat hökmünde getirilip berilipdir. Şondan soň gozgalaň kem-kemden ýatyşypdyr. Aba Serdar gozgalaňynyň uly taryhy ähmiýeti bolupdyr. Ol gozgalaň şowsuz gutarsa-da, türkmenleriň uly syýasy güýç hökmünde, öz azatlygy we özbaşdaklygy ugrynda keseki ýurt geodal ezijilerine garşy göreşmäge ukyplydygyny görkezipdir. Gozgalaň ýatyşandan soň hem birentek wagtlap Astrabat ülkesinde türkmenleriň täsiri güýçli bolupdyr. Eýran çinownikleri olaryň içerki işine gatyşyp hem-de salgyt salyp bilmändirler.
[[Category: Taryh]]
Aba serdaryň gozgalaňy
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8
[[Aba serdaryň gozgalaňy]] moved to [[Aba Serdaryň gozgalaňy]]: Grammatika
#REDIRECT [[Aba Serdaryň gozgalaňy]]
Abažur
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'''Abažur''' (fransuzça: abat-jour) - elektrik çyra armaturasynyň ýagtylygy dargatmak we yzyna gaýtarmak arkaly ýiti ýagtynyň täsirinden gözü goramak we gerek bolan ýagtylygy döretmek üçin niýetlenen bölegi. Abažur metaldan, çüýşeden, plastmassadan, kagyzdan we matadan ýasalýar.
Abazinler
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8
'''Abazinler''' - esasan, Garaçaý-Çerkes Awtonom Oblastynda ýaşaýan halk. Olaryň käbir toparlary Adygeý Awtonom Oblastynda hem-de Kislowodsk raýonunda duş gelýär. Ilatynyň sany 25 müň adam (1970). Abazinleriň ep-esli bölegi 19-njy asyryň 60-njy ýyllarynda Türkiýä göçüp barýar. Abazinleriň dili kawkaz dilleriniň adygeý-abhaz toparyna girýär. Olaryň asly musluman-sünnilerdir. Abazinleriň ata-babalary Gara deňziň gündogar kenarynda yaşapdyr. Etniki taýdan iki topara - tapaita we şkaraua diýen taýpalara bölünýär. Bu taýpalaryň dil aýratynlyklary häzir hem bar. Esasy kärleri geçmişde uzak öri meýdanlarynda mal bakmak, ekerançylyk, demirçilik hünärmentçiligi we ýüň-ýüplük egirmek bolupdyr. Biziň günlerimizde maldarçylyk, ekerançylyk, käbir ýerlerde emeli suwaryş arkaly bagçylyk, bakjaçylyk bilen meşgullanýarlar. Dili we medeniýeti boýunça abhazlara ýakyn. Bolşewik Rewolýusiýasyndan soň Abhazinleriň öz ene dilinde ýazuwy döredildi. Olar kabardin we rus dillerini, hatyny deň derejede bilýärler.
Bagbançylyk
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Parahat
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==Makalalar==
----
[[AB preparaty]]
[[Category:Bagbançylyk]]
Uly Balkan
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Parahat
8
[[Uly Balkan]] sahypasy [[Uly Balkan dagy]] sahypasyna göçürildi
#REDIRECT [[Uly Balkan dagy]]
Abaý Kunanbaýew
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Ga1taman
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{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abaý Kunanbaýew |
Surat=[[Image:AbayKunanbayev.jpg|AbayKunanbayev.jpg]]|
Doglan wagty=[[1845]]|
Ölen wagty=[[1923]]|
Doglan ýeri=|
Okuwy=[[Ahmet Ryza mollanyň medresesi]] |
Käri=[[şahyr]], [[jemgyýet işgäri]], [[aň-bilim ýaýradyjy]]|
}}
'''Abaý Kunanbaýew''' (1845-23) - Meşhur gazak şahyry, aň-bilim ýaýradyjysy, jemgyýet işgäri, Çokan Welihanowyň, Ibraý Altynsarynyň öňde baryjy demokratik pikirlerini ösdüriji, gazak edebiýatynyň düýbini tutujy. Ol Semipalatinskide Ahmet Ryza mollanyň medresesinde okaýar we şol bir wagtda ýerli rus mekdebine-de gatnaýar. Rus syýasy sürgün edilenleriň kömegi bilen rus dilini, öňde baryjy rus edebiýatyny öwrenýär. Rus şahyrlarnyň goşgularyny, rewolýusýon-demokratik pikirlerini gazak zahmetkeşleriniň arasynda propagandirleýär. Şeýle ýol bilen rus ýazyjy-şahyrlarynyň eserlerini gazak obalaryna ýaýradypdyr. Gündogaryň köp edebi eserlerini (Şahnama, Leýli we Mejnun, Göroğly we ş.m.) dil üsti bilen halk köpçüligine ýetiripdir. Abaý Kunanbaýew öz döredijiliginde halka wagyz-nesihat etmek bilen birlikde, demokratik ideýalary öňe sürüpdür, baýlaryň, begleriň zulumuna, eden-etdiliklerine, parahorçylyklaryna, aýallaryň hukuksyz ýagdaýyna, deň däl nika garşy çykypdyr. Ol hemişe zähmetkeş köpçüligiň bähbidini gorapdyr. Şoňa görä-de, tire başlyklary, baýlar, Abaý Kunanbaýewi ýigrenipdirler, ony yzarlapdyrlar, onuň üçin çydamsyz ýagdaý döretjek bolup jan çekipdirler. Emma muna garamazdan ol ajaýyp eserler döredipdir. Onuň käbir liriki goşgulary saza-da geçirilipdir. Abaý Kunanbaýewiň eserleri diňe 1909-njy ýylda ilkinji gezek Peterburgda neşir edilipdir. Onuň eserleri dürli dillerde çap edildi. Abaý Kunanbaýew gazak we beýleki sovet halklarynda köp okalýan ýazyjy-şahyrlardan biri bolupdyr. Gazak ýazyjysy M. O. Auzzow bolsa Abaý Kunanbaýewiň döredijiligini ebedileşdirmek maksady bilen onuň durmuşyna degişli 2 tomdan ybarat "Abaýyň ýoly" romanyny (1956) ýazdy. Ol roman köp dillere, onuň "Abaý" atlandyrylan 1-nji kitaby bolsa türkmen diline terjime edildi.
[[Category:Edebiýat]]
Abakan
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2006-12-09T20:41:18Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: de, en, eo, es, et, fi, fr, gl, hr, io, it, nl, nn, os, pl, ru, sr, sv, uk, zh
'''Abakan''' ([[1931]]-nji ýyla çenli Ust-Abakanskoýe) - şäher, RSFSR-iň [[Krasnoýarsk]] ülkesindäki [[Hakas Awtonom Oblastynyň merkezi]]. Ol Abakan derýasynyň kenarynda, onuň Ýeniseýe goşulýan ýerinde ýerleşip, demir ýol we awto ýyol çatrygydyr. İlaty 90 müň adam (1970). Mehaniki zawod, et kombinaty, mebel, dokma, aýakgap we konditer fabrikleri bar. Taryh, dil we edebiýat instituty, pedinstitut, politehnikum we oba hojalyk tehnikumy hem-de medisina we sazçylyk uçilişeleri, drama teatry, ülkäni öwreniş muzeýi, telewizýon merkez bar.
[[Category:Russiýa]]
[[Category:Şäherler]]
[[de:Abakan (Stadt)]]
[[en:Abakan]]
[[eo:Abakan]]
[[es:Abakán]]
[[et:Abakan]]
[[fi:Abakan (kaupunki)]]
[[fr:Abakan]]
[[gl:Abakán - Абакан]]
[[hr:Abakan, grad]]
[[io:Abakan]]
[[it:Abakan (città)]]
[[ko:아바칸]]
[[nl:Abakan (stad)]]
[[nn:Abakan]]
[[os:Абакан]]
[[pl:Abakan (miasto)]]
[[ru:Абакан]]
[[sr:Абакан (град)]]
[[sv:Abakan]]
[[uk:Абакан]]
[[zh:阿巴坎]]
Şert
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2006-11-16T19:48:53Z
Parahat
8
[[Þert]] sahypasy [[Şert]] sahypasyna göçürildi: test
Şert
Þert
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2006-11-16T19:48:53Z
Parahat
8
[[Þert]] sahypasy [[Şert]] sahypasyna göçürildi: test
#REDIRECT [[Şert]]
Image:AbayKunanbayev.jpg
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Abaý Kunanbaýew
Abaý Kunanbaýew
Category:Russiýa
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211.61.73.166
[[Category:Geografiya]]
Abbrewiatura
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Parahat
8
'''Abbrewiatura''' (italýança: abbrviatura - gysgaltma) - Birnäçe sözden ybarat bolan atlaryň ýazuwda gysgaldylyp ulanylmagy. Abbrewiatura türkmen diline rus diliniň üsti bilen geçipdir. Türkmen dilinde Abbrewiaturanyň aşakdaky ýaly görnüşlerini görkezmek mümkin: 1) seslerden düzülenler: TASS, ZIL we ş. m.; 2) harplardan düzülenler: TSSR (te-es-es-er), SSKP (es-es-ka-pe) we ş. m.; 3) bogunlardan, söz böleklerinden düzülenler: kolhoz, sowhoz, raýkom, komsomol we ş. m.; 4) garyşyk düzülenler: raýono, raýfo, şäherkom we ş. m. Abbrewiatura türkmen dilinde Oktýabr sossialistik rewolýusiýasyndan soň peýda boldy.
[[Category:Türkmen dili]]
Abalykow Anna
2691
7599
2006-11-20T18:55:53Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abalykow Anna|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[1892]]|
Ölen wagty=|
Doglan ýeri=[[Börme obasy]]-[[Bäherden]], [[Türkmenistan]]|
Okuwy=|
Käri=[[çopan]]|
}}
'''Abalykow Anna''' (1892) - [[Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany]]. Ol Bäherden raýonynyň Börme obasynda dogulýar. 1929-53 ýyllarda Bäherden raýonynyň Saýwan sowhozynda baş çopan bolup işleýär. Bagana, ýüň tabşyrmakda, her ene goýundan guzy almakda ýokary netijeler gazananlygy üçin, 1947-nji ýylda oňa Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany diýen at dakylýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abdal Türkmenleriniň Russiaýanyň raýatlygyna geçmegi
2692
7329
2006-11-17T10:47:32Z
Parahat
8
'''Abdal Türkmenleriniň Russiaýanyň raýatlygyna geçmegi''' - 19-njy asyryň başlarynda Maňgyşlakda agyr ykdysady-syýasy ýagdaý döreýär. Maňgyşlagyň türkmen ilaty Hywa hanlarynyň we gazak feodallarynyň üznüksüz çapawulçylyklaryna sezewar bolýar. Bu agyr ýagdaýdan çykmak üçin abdal türkmenleriniň aksakgallary Russiýanyň raýatlygyna geçmek niýeti bilen 1801-nji ýylda özleriniň 4 adamdan ybarat wekilini Peterburga ýollaýarlar. Maňgyşlak türkmenleriniň wekilleri 1802-nji Peterburga barýarlar we rus imperatory Aleksandr I tarapyndan kabul edilýär. Wekiller maňgyşlak türkmenleriniň Russiýanyň raýatlygyna kabul edilmegini rus patyşasyndan haýyş edýärler. Olar Maňgyşlagyň üstünden dürli taraplara geçýän söwda kerwenlerini goramak, Maňgyşlagyň türkmen ilatyny çapawullardan gorar ýaly rus berkitmesiniň bina edilmegini we Maňgyşlak ýarym adasynyň töwereginde Kaspi deňzinden týulen awlamaga rugsat berilmegini soraýarlar. Olaryň haýyşlary kanagatlandyrylýar. 1803-nji ýylyň 27-nji aprelinde Maňgyşlakda ýaşaýan türkmenleriň abdal taýpasynyň adyna ýazylan hat wekillere gowşurylypdyr. Bu hatda olaryň Russiýanyň raýatlygyna kabul edilýändigi aýdylýar. Bu waka Kaspi deňziniň gündogar kenarlarynda ýaşaýan beýleki türkmen taýpalarynyň arasynda Russiýanyň raýatlygyna geçmek meýillerini güýçlendirýär.
[[Category:Taryh]]
Abdallar
2693
7343
2006-11-17T14:47:17Z
Parahat
8
'''Abdallar''' - türkmenleriň çowdur taýpasyna degişli tire. Abdallar 19-njy asyra çenli özbaşdak taýpa bolup, soň çowdur birleşmesine girýär we türkmenleriň oguzlara degişli bolan çowdur taýpasynyň düzülmegine ýardam edýär. 19-njy asyryň başynda Abdallar takmynan 2000 öýli, 12 müň adamdan gowrak bolupdyr. Abdallaryň dili türkmenleriň çowdur diline degişlidir. Birnäçe rowaýatlara görä Abdallar Abdal babadan ýaýrap, Mazendaranyň daglyk regionlarynda ýaşaýarlar. Soň tä 19-njy asyra çenli Maňgyşlakda ýaşapdyrlar. Abdallar 19-njy asyrda galmyklaryň gysmagy hem-de ýaşaýyş agyr bolmagy zerarly çowdyrlar bilen Horezme göçýärler. Abdallar ilki bilen Daşhowzuň golaýynda Abdalýaş diýen ýerde oturypdyrla. 20-nji asyryň başynda TSSR döwründäki Kalinin raýonynyň günorta-gündogaryndaky Buldumsazyň gündogarynda ornaşýarlar. Alymlar Abdallary gadymy halk bolan eftalitler bilen baglaşdyrýarlar. Muňa Abdallaryň çagalaryna geýdirýän "burç emjek" ady bilen belli bolan tahýalary hem şaýatlyk edýär. Eftalitleriň şazadalary dörtburçly we altyburçly tahýalary geýipdirler. Bulardan başga-da, Abdallaryň ady özbekleriň lokaý taýpasynda duşýar. Owgan dürränilerine hem Abdal diýlip aýdylypdyr. Abdallar ekerançylyk we maldarçylyk bilen meşgul bolupdyrlar.
[[Category:Jemgyýet]]
Abdy Beg Şirazy
2694
7601
2006-11-20T18:59:38Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abdy Beg Şirazy|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[1515]]|
Ölen wagty=[[1580]]|
Doglan ýeri=|
Okuwy=|
Käri=[[şahyr]]|
}}
Abdy Beg Şirazy (Hoja Zeýnel - Abidin Aly Abdy beg Nüwidi Şirazy, 1515-80) - türki kowumlardan bolup, eserlerini fars dilinde ýazan görnükli şahyr. Ol 3 diwanyň, 3 hamsanyň hem birnäçe taryhy eseriň awtorydyr. Onuň diwanlaryna girýän şygyrlary heniz tapylanok. Şirazynyň hamzalarynyň birinjisine - "Mazharul asrar", "Jamy Jemşidi", "Mejnun we Leýli", "Heft ahtar", "A'ini Isgenderi"; ikinjisine - "Jöwheri ferd", "Defderi dert", "Ferdösül arifin", "Enweri tejelli", "Haza'ini malkut"; üçünjüsine - "Rowzat as-sypat", "Duhtarul azhar", "Jennetul esmar", "Zynatul Awrak", "Sahyfatul yhlas" diýen eserleri girýär. Gündogardaky iň meşhur sýujet esasynda ýazylan "Mejnun we Leýli" peomasynda Emir Hysrow Dehlewiniň, Abdylla Hatyfanyň atdaş eserleriniň täsiri güýçli duýulýar. Şirazynyň bulardan başga "Takmilatul ahbar" atly eseri hem bar. Onuň "Salaman we Absal", "Tarabnama", "Dibaçatul beýan" diýen eserleri heniz tapylanok.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abdylkadyryň gozgalaňy
2695
7342
2006-11-17T14:46:24Z
Parahat
8
'''Abdylkadyryň gozgalaňy''' - 1832-47 ýyllarda Alžiriň ugrunda fransuz basybalyjylaryna garşy Abdylkadyryň ýolbaşçylygynda halk gozgalaňy. 1830-njy ýylda ýurdy basyl almak maksady bilen Alžire fransuz ekspedission korpusy düşürilýär. Ýerli häkimiýetler boýun egdirilýär. Bütin ýurtda fransuzlara garşy ilatyň çykyşlary başlanýar. 1832-nji ýylda Günbatar Alžir taýpalarynyý başynda Abdulkadyr durýar. Urşuň iki ýylynyň dowamynda Oran welaýatynyň arap-berberi taýpalary fransuzlary birnäçe gezek ýeňip, olary ýaraşyk şertnamasyny (1834-nji ýylyň 24-nji fewralyndaky Demişel şertnamasy) baglaşmaga mejbur edýärler. Fransiýa Oran welaýatynyň öňki territoriýasynda Abdylkadyryň häkiniýetini ykrar edýär, ol ýerde basybalyjylara garşylyk görkezilýän döwründe gozgalaýçylar özleriniň döwletini (emirligini) döredýärler. 1835 ýylynda uruş täzeden başlanýar. Birnäçe ýeňilişlerden soň general Býužo Fransiýanyň adyndan Tafi ýaraşyk şertnamasyna (1837 ýylynyň 30 maýynda) gol çekýär. Şertnama emirligiň sostawyna hazirki Alžiriň ähli territoriýasynyň diýen ýaly girizilmegini tassyklaýar. Emirlik 8 welaýata bölünip, olaryň başynda emiriň ýerli häkimleri, goşun serkerdeleri durýar. Taýpa we feodal opolçeniýelerine goşmaça 10 müňe golaý adamy bolan atly we pyýada goşundan hem-de artilleriýadan ybarat regulýar goşun döredilýär. Ýarag we ok-däri öndürmek işleri ýola goýulýar. Abdylkadyr fransuzlara garşy uzak wagtlyk urşa taýarlanmak bilen birnäçe goranyş liniýalaryny döredýär. 1838 ýylynyň 18-nji oktýabrynda fransuzlar Tafi şertnamasyny bozýarlar. 1843 ýylynda genera Býužonyň 100 müňden ybarat goşuny iri feodallaryň dönükligi netijesinde gowşan emirligiň territoriýasyny eýeleýär. Abdulkadyr Marokkoda gizlenýär. Fransuz goşuny Marokko kürsäp girýär we Isli derýasynyň boýunda (1844 ýylynyň 12 awgustynda) Marokko soltanynyň goşunlaryny derbi-dagyn edýär. 1845-46 ýyllarynda göreşini togtatmadyk alžir halky kolonizatorlara garşy täzeden baş göterýär. Marokkodan dolanyp gelen Abdylkadyr täzeden gozgalaňa baştutanlyk edýär. 1847 ýylynda gozgalaňçylar ýeňilýär. Abdylkadyr ýesir alynýar. Deň bolmadyk göreşde Alžir döwleti ýeňilse-de, alžir halkynyň kolonizatorlara garşy göreşi dowam edýär.
[[Category:Taryh]]
Esenguly
2696
7565
2006-11-20T16:31:24Z
Ga1taman
128
synag
Esenguly in owadan yer tmda asda
'''Garshylyk yazmayin how oglanlar,menem birazajyk govunlik bereyina ozume :)'''
Laçyn Mammedowa
2697
7336
2006-11-17T14:15:28Z
144.122.249.209
[[Türkmenistan]]da bir aydymçy. [[Balkanabat]] şaherinde doglan. Yokary okuwy gutarandan sonra aydymçylygy başlady.
Goraghanalar
2698
7499
2006-11-19T10:37:21Z
Ga1taman
128
[[Türkmenistan]]da jemi 8 tebigy goraghana bar. Olar:
*[[Amyderýa_Goraghana|Amyderýa]]
*[[Bathyz_Goraghana|Bathyz]]
*[[Gaplaňgyr_Goraghana|Gaplaňgyr]]
*[[Hazar_Goraghana|Hazar]]
*[[Köpetdag_Goraghana|Köpetdag]]
*[[Köýtendag_Goraghana|Köýtendag]]
*[[Repetek_Goraghana|Repetek]]
*[[Sünt-Hasardag]]
Sünt-Hasardag
2699
7500
2006-11-19T10:38:16Z
Ga1taman
128
Günbatar Köpetdagyň tebigaty üýtgeşik bolup, bu ýerde Türkmenistanyň iň köp dürli ösülmlik, haýwanat dünýäsiniň bolmagy we Merkezi Aziýanyň başga ýerlerinde duşmaýan seýrek görnüşleriň gabat gelmegidir.
Günbatar Köpetdagyň tebigatynyň özboluşludygyny we östümlik dünýäsiniň baýdygyny XIX asyryň ahyrynda XX asyryň başynda bu sebiti gelip barlan barlagçylar giňden belläpdirler.
30-njy ýyllarda belli alym seleksioner, akademik N.I.Wawilow ýerli ösümlikler bilen tanşyp, gurak subtropiklerde ösýän gymmatly miweli agaçlary ýetişdirmek üçin bu ýĺrin dünya boýunça belli bir künjekleriň biridigini belleýär. Şol döwürde ol Türkmenistanyň hökümetine yüz tutup, Sumbar derýasynyň jügesinde yza tesdirmän tebigaty goramagyň we onuň toplumlaryny dikeltmekligiň işine başlamaklygy teklip edýär.
Şondan soňky ýyllarda jemgyýetçilik edaralar, has-da 30-njy ýyllarda döredilen Garrygaladaky Bütinsoýuz ösümçilik institutynyň Türkmen tejribe stansiýasynyň işgärleri çagyryşlar bilen çykyş edip, Günorta-Günbatar Köpetdagyň täsin tebigy toplumlaryny, bu ýerde goraghana düzgüni arkaly goramaklygy ündäp geldiler. Köp ýylyň dowamyndaky tagallalaryň netijesinde 1977-nji ýylyň dekabrynda bu sebitde Köpetdag goraghanasynyň filialy döredildi. 1978-nji ýylyň 20-nji dekabrynda bolsa aýratyn Sünt-Hasardag döwlet goraghanasyna öwrüldi. Goraghananyň meýdany üç sany bölekden ybaratdyr: Merkezi, Aýdere, Çendir. Sünt-Hasardag döwlet goraghanasyna degişli bir dag zakaznigi bar. 0l goraghananyň Merkezi böleginiň günortasynda ýerleşýär. Goraghananyň tutýan meýdany 3026 gektar.
Günbatar Köpetdagyň biologik durlüligi geň galdyrýar, bu ýerde Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilen ösümlikleriň we haýwanlaryň ýarysyna golaýy duş gelip, olaryň köp bölegi bolsa Sumbar howdanynyda we onuň Çendire guýýan ýerinde duşýarlar.
Günorta-Günbatar Köpetdagyň ösülmlik dünýasiniň juda özboluşlylygy diňe amatly howa şertleri bilen bagly bolman, eýsem sebitde ösümlikleriň emele gelmeginiň taryhyn-da Ortaýerdeňíz we Eýran östümlik dünýasiniň wekilleriniň aralaşandygyna hem baglydyr.
Häzire çenli goraghananyň territoriýasynda ýokary derejeli ösümlikleriň 1322 görnüşi anyklanan, olardan 150 görnüşi endemiklerdir. Goraghananyň territoriýasynda ösümlikleriň 800 görnüşi duşýar we olardan 32 görnüşi türkmen selmelegi, grek rýabinasy, türkmen armydy, Siwersiň almasy we başgalar Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna, şeýle-de 3 görnüşli Raddeniň elwany, Guguň çigildemi, çylşyrymly sogan Tebigaty goramagyň halkara soýuzynyň (TGHS) Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Sumbar we Çendír derýalarynyň jülgelerinde badamlaryň, hozlaryň, narlaryň, injirleriň, üzümleriň görnüşleriniň hem köp dürlüsi jemlenendir. Bu ýerde gymmatly, dünýa möçberinde gabat gelýan, iň ýokary sortlardan tapawutlandyryp bolmaýan ösümlikleriň bolmagy, bu derýalaryň julgelerini miweli agaçlaryň tebigy pitomnigi hökmünde tanatdyrdy. Subtropik we beýleki miweli ösümliklerden başga-da bu ýerde goraga mätäç däneli we mal iýmiti üçin ulanylýan ösümliklerem ösýär, olara bogunlyçaýyr, ýabany süle, arpa, çowdary, bir ýyllyk we köp ýyllyk ýorunjalar we başgalar degişlidir.
Dünýäde diňe şu goraghanada ösýän, 1938-nji ýylda Türkmen tejribe stansiýasynyň öňki direktory O.F.Mizgirýowa tarapyndan ylma belli bolan Türkmen selmelegi täsin ösümlikleriň biridir. Türkmen selmelegine ýakyn, şu uruga degişli Ortaýerdeňiz görnüşleri adamlara gadymy döwürlerden bäri belli bolup, ýerli tebipler dürli kesellere garşy ulanyp geçipdirler. Ol tohumçylyga ornaşdyrylyp, ýetişdirilende täze bir gök ekinleriň biri bolardy we bu täsin ösümlik biologik çalt hem-de dermanlyk maddalaryň hem çeşmesidir. Selmelegiň öwrenilmegi, onuň gadymy döwürlerden bäri bejeriş usullarynyň tapylmagyna getirmegi mümkin. Häzir goraghanada bu gymmatly ösümligiň 400-e golaý duýbi saklanyp galypdyr.
Ýerli floranyň başga-da köp ösümliklerini efir ýagyny, reňkleri , şepbikleri (smola) almak üçin we bezeg ösümlikleri hökmünde hem ulanýarlar.
Günbatar Köpetdagyň haýwanat dünýäsi-de özüniň köp dürliligi we üýtgeşik sypatlary bilen tapawutlanyp, olaryň aňyrsy Ortaýerdeňiz, Merkezi Aziýa görnüşleriniň utgaşmaklygyndan gelip cykandyr.
Goraghananyň ekologik ulgamlarynda duşýan oňurgasyz haýwanlaryň görnüşleriniň sany gös-göni ösümlik dünýäsi we landşaftyň dürlüligi bilen berk baglanyşyklydyr. Oňurgasyz haýwanlaryň faunasy heniz doly öwrenilen däldir, şonuň üçin hem olaryň içinde seýrek we endemik görnüşleriň köp bolmagy mümkin. Mör-möjekleriň 12-görnüşi Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi.
Bu sebitde ýaşaýan oňurgaly haýwanlaryň faunasy gowy öwrenilendir. Günorta -Günbatar Köpetdagyň çäginde ýerde-suwda ýaşaýanlaryň we süýrenijileriň 38, guşlaryň 250, süýdemdirijileriň 76 görnüşleri duşýarlar. Oňurgaly haýwanlardan Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna ýerde-suwda ýaşaýanlaryň 7 görnüşi girizildi, olardan 4-si zemzen, göklors, türkmen eublefary, kepjebaş goraghanaň çäginde duşýarlar. Guşlaryň 14 görnüşi duşup, şolaryň 11-si goraghanada duşýarlar, olardan bürgüt, sakally garaguş, ütelgi, ýylançy gyrgy, turaç, sähra göwenegi, gajar we başgalar Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Süýdemdirijileriň 20-si duşup, şolaryň 17-si goraghanada gabat gelýär. Olardan kiçi nalburun, üçreňkli gijesi, bars, dag goçy, syrtlan, gunduz, itaýy, oklykirpi we başgalar Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi.
XX asyryň dowamynda ýerleriň yzygiderli ulanylmagy, ilatyň sosial ýagdaýynyň çylşyrymlaşmagy tebigy sredanyň ýitmegine, ol bolsa köp görnüşleriň ýitmegine getirdi. Soňky ýüz ýylyň içinde sebitde turan gaplaňynyň, buhara sugunynyň, aýynyň, dag goçunyň ýitmegine, ýok bolmagyna getirdi.
Häzirki döwürde ýitmek howpy abanýan haýwanlara syrtlany, barsy, dag goçuny, gorkezmek bolýar. Dag goçlarynyň we doňuzlaryň sanynyň azalmagy bilen barslar öý haýwanlaryna topulmaga mejbur bolýarlar we dawaly ýagdaýlary döredýär. Goraghananyň golaý ýerlerinde öý haýwanlaryna barslaryň topulmagy bolmaly hadysa. Barslaryň öý mallaryny iýip ýerli ilata berýän zyýanynyň öwezini doldurmak üçin 2000-nji ýylyň güýzünden Ýabany Tebigatyň Bütindünýä Fondynyň maksatnamasy işe başlady. Bu maksatnamany synag edip Sumbar jülgesinde, goraghanaň territoriýasy bilen serhede ýakyn ýaşaýan ilatly ýerde ýerine ýetirýärler. Eger bu geçirilýän synag netijeli bolsa onda Türkmenistanyň başga ýerlerinde hem ýagny bu ajaýyp pişigiň ýaşaýan ýerlerinde şonuň ýaly işler amala aşyrylar. Ýabany toýnaklylaryň baş sanyny goramak we dikeltmek bu Köpetdagyň daglarynyň bezegi bolan barsy saklamagyň girewidir.
Häzir ýitmek howpy abanýan seýrek guşlaryň-da sany kemelýär, ýogsam-da olaryň sany hiç wagtam ýokary bolmandy, olara sakally garaguş, gara leglek, ýylançy gyrgy, turaç we beyleki guşlary görkezmek bolar.
30-njy ýyllarda ýok edilen gulanlary dikeltmek üçin goraghananyň işgärleri çäreler geçirip ugradylar. 1987-88-nji ýyllarda Tersakan diýen ýeriň golaýyndaky pes daglyk ýerlere (Garrygaladan 40 km günbatar tarapda) Bathyzdan 44-sany gulan getirilip goýberildi. Gulanlar bu ýere tiz uýgunlaşyp, geçen 10-12-ýylyň dowamynda baş sanlaryny artdyrdylar. Günbatar Türkmenistanda gulanlary dikeltmeklik işleri häzir hem dowam etdirilýär.
Goraghananyň ylmy bölüminiň işgärleri ýylyň bütin dowamynda goraghanada we onuň töweregindäki ýerlerde tebigatyň hadysalaryna gözegçilik geçirýärler. Goraghananyň döredilmeginiň 20 -ýylynyň içinde uly ylmy gözleg işlerini alyp bardylar, her ýyl “ Tebigatyň ýyl ýazgysy” çykarylýar. Dürli ylmy neşirlerde goraghananyň ylmy işgärleriniň onlarça makalalary çykdy, olarda goýulýan meseleler, Günbatar Köpetdagyň tebigaty, onuň meseleleri we goragy gowulandyrmak barada bolup geldi.
Goraghanada 1500-ä golaý kitap fondy we dürli žurnallar saklanýan, ylmy kitaphana bar. 2500-den hem gowrak gerbariler saklanýar. Günbatar Köpetdagyň täsin tebigatynyň gözelligi barada goraghanada muzeý döretmekligiň işleri-de ýaýbaňlanyp ugrady.
Goraghana döredilen gününden başlap, onda zoopitomnik döredildi we käbir haýwanlaryň biologiýasyny çuňňur öwrenmeklik ýola goýuldy. Şu wagta çenli zoopitomnikde gulanlar, jerenler we guşlaryň dürli görnüşleri saklandy. Häzirki döwürde zoopitomnikde pars sülgüni, turaç saklanyp, olaryň kapasada saklanşyna gözegçilik ýola goýuldy. Ol guşlary köpeldip, ätiyaçlyk baş sanyny döredip, geljekde tebigata goýbermeklik maksat edilýär. Zoopitomnik goraghananyn merkezi mülkinde Parhaýda ýerleşýär, gelen myhmanlar bu ajaýyp guşlary öz gözleri bilen görüp bilerler we başgada biziň ýurdumyzyň özboluşly sebiti bolan Günbatar Köpetdagyň tebigy toplumlaryny goramak we öwrenmek boýunça goraghananyň işgärleriniň geçirýän işleri bilen tanyşarlar.
Abdylla Mukaffa
2700
7604
2006-11-20T19:07:03Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abdylla Mukaffa|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[720]]|
Ölen wagty=[[759]]|
Doglan ýeri=|
Okuwy=|
Käri=[[terjimeçi]], [[ýazyjy]]|
}}
'''Abdylla Mukaffa''' (Abu Muhammet Abdylla ibn al-Mukaffa, 724-759) - arap ýazyjysy. Terjimeçi. Abdylla Mukaffa döredijilik işine 20 ýaşynda başlaýar. Ol ilki Omeýýat halifi Merwan ibn Hubeýriň, soň onuň dogany Dawut ibn Hubeýriň, häkimiýetiň Apbasylara geçmegi bilen bolsa Ahwazdaky dikme Isa ibn Alynyň köşgünde işleýär. Yslam dinini hem şol döwürde kabul edýär. Ol Isa üçin köp ese ýazypdyr, onuň ýegenlerini okadypdyr. Ony al-Masuryň Basradaky dikmsi Sufýan ibn Muawiýa ele salyp, ilki çapyşdyrýar, soňra bolsa peçde ýakýar. Abdylla Mukaffa biçak asylly, ylymly, pähimli, ynsanperwer adam bolup, özüniň gysga ömründe fars şalary hakdaky "Hudaýnama", farslaryň däp-dessury, medeniýeti hakdaky "Aýynnama", Nowşirwan adyl hakdaky "At-Täç", adalatlylaryň durmuşy hakdaky "Addürrül ýetime we al-jöwhera as-samina", meşhur gozgalaňçy hakdaky "Mazdak" ýaly taryhy kitaplary, Aristoteliň "Kategoriýalar", "Analitika" ýaly filozofiki kitaplaryny farsçadan arapça geçiripdir. Özü bolsa "Risalat as-Sahaba" ("Sahybalar hakda traktat"), "Al-eden al-kebir" ("Beýik işler hakda nesihat"), "Al-edep al-sagyr" ("Ownuk işler hakda nesihat") ýaly birnäçe gymmatly eser ýazypdyr. Ylaýta-da ol maryly Barzuýäniň (6-njy asyr) sanskritten pählewi diline geçiren "Kalyla we Dimna" atly hindi eposyny arapça çeper terjime edenligi bilen meşhurdyr, çünki bu epos şondan soň ispan, latyn, ýewreý, fars, frek, iňlis, italýan, golland, türk, nemes, fransuz, gadymy slawýan dillerine terjime edilip, dünýäniň köp ýerlerine ýaýrapdyr. Bu epos SSSR-de hem rus, azerbaýjan, özbek dillerinde neşir edildi.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abdylkadyr
2701
7603
2006-11-20T19:04:51Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abdylkadyr|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[1808]]|
Ölen wagty=[[1883]]|
Doglan ýeri=|
Okuwy=|
Käri=[[serkerde]], [[syýasatçy]]|
}}
'''Abdylkadyr''' (1808-1883) - alžir halkynyň fransuz kolonizatorlaryna farşy azat edijilik göreşinde ýolbaşçysy. Alžiriň milli gahrymany. Onuň asly gurply feodal urugyndan bolupdyr. 1832-nji ýylda Günbatar Alžiriň taýpalary Abdylkadyry hökümdar edip saýlaýarlar (tiz wagtda ol emir titulyny alýar). Talantly serkerde, akylly we gujurly syýasatçy Abdylkadyr 1832-47 ýyllarda Alžirdäki fransuz okkupantlaryna garşy gozgalaňa ýolbaşçylyk edýär. Abdylkadyr alym, operator we şahyr hökmünde Alžirde halk mekdepleriniň döredilmegine ýardam edýär, gymmatbahaly golýazmalaryň kitaphanasyny döredýär. 1847-52 ýyllarynda Fransiýada ýesirlikde bolýar; soňra Damaskide ýaşaýar we ol ýerde din taglymaty bilen meşgullanýar. 1860-njy ýylda Damaskide guralan hristiýan gyrgynçylygy wagtynda, ol druzlaryň hem-de maronitleriň arasyndaky duşmançylygyň bes edilmegi ugrynda çykyş edýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abdyllaýew Wahyt Abdyllaýewiç
2702
7623
2006-11-21T14:21:26Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abdyllaýew Wahyt Abdyllaýewiç|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[1912]]|
Ölen wagty=|
Doglan ýeri=[[Samarkant]]|
Okuwy=|
Käri=[[Edebiýatçy]]|
}}
'''Abdyllaýew Wahyt Abdyllaýewiç''' (1912, Samarkant) - Edebiýatçy alym, ÖzSSR Ylymlar Akademiýasynyň akademigi (1966), filologiýa ylymlarynyň doktoy (1959), SSSR Ýazyjylar soýuzynyň çleni. Abdyllaýew ylmy-pedogogiki işine 1928-nji ýyldan başlady. Ol Özbegistanyň dürli okuw jaýlarynda özbek dili we edebiýatyndan sapak berdi. Abdyllaýew 1944 ýylyndan Samarkant döwlet üniwersitetinde işläp başlady, 1963-nji ýylda şu ýokary okuw jaýynyň rektory boldy. Abdyllaýew özbek edebiýatynyň taryhyna degişli 50-den gowrak ylmy-barlag işleriniň awtorydyr. Ol 1963, 1966 ýyllarynda ÖzSSR Ýokary Sowetine deputat saýlanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Gazaklar
2703
7353
2006-11-17T19:59:42Z
Parahat
8
'''Gazaklar''' - Esasan Orta Aziýada ýaşaýan türki kowumlardan biri.
Abdyllaýew Habyp Muhammedowiç
2704
7622
2006-11-21T14:19:24Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abdyllaýew Habyp Muhammedowiç|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[1912]]|
Ölen wagty=[[1962]]|
Doglan ýeri=|
Okuwy=|
Käri=[[geolog]]|
}}
'''Abdyllaýew Habyp Muhammedowiç''' (1912-1962) - özbek sowet geology, mineral-geologiýa ylymlarynyň doktory. ÖzSSR Ylymlar Akademiýasynyň akademigi (1947), SSSR Ylymlar Akademiýasynyň korr-çleni (1958), ÖzSSR Ylymlar Akademiýasynyň prezidenti (1956-62), Lenin baýragynyň laureaty (1959). 1941-nji ýyldan SSKP çleni. Ol Orta Aziýa industrial (häzirki Daşkent politehniki) institutynyň teoretiki meselelerini, magdanlaryň çykýan ýeri hakyndaky taglymaty, skarnlar problemasyny we onuň bilen bagly bolan madanlaşmany işläp düzdi. Ýer gabygyndaky esasy gazylyp alynýan zatlaryň döreýiş we paýlanyş kanunalaýyklyk teoriýasyny öňe sürdi. 1970-nji ýylda "Metallogeniýa gazylyp alynýan peýdaly zaglaryň çykýan ýerleriniň gözleginiň teoretiki esasydyr" diýen monografiýasy üçin ölenden soň oňa Biruny adyndaky respublikan baýragynyň laureaty deýen at berildi. Abdyllaýew Lenin ordeni, iki gezek "Zähmet Gyzyl Baýdak" ordeni, üç gezek "Gyzyl Ýyldyz" ordeni, "Hormat Nyşany" ordeni we birnäçe medal bilen sylaglandy.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abdyllah ibn Lutfullah ibn Abdyreşit Hafizi-Abru
2705
7356
2006-11-17T20:23:40Z
Parahat
8
'''Abdyllah ibn Lutfullah ibn Abdyreşit Hafizi-Abru''' (1430 ýylynda arandan çykan) - taryhçy, geograf. Ol Hyratda dogulýar, Hemedanda okaýar. Temiriň, Şahruhuň köşgünde gulluk edýär. Abdyllah Şahruhuň tabşyrmagy boýunça 1414/15 ýyllarynda 2 sany iş ýzmaga başlaýar. Ol iş 2 tomdan ybarat bolup, 1 tomuny 1419-njy ýylda tamamlaýar. Onda Magrypdan Kermana çenli bolan käbir ýurtlar barada, soňky 2 babynda Farsyň, Kermanyň we Horasanyň geografiýasyny, syýasy taryhyny (tä öz döwrüne çenli) ýazýar. 2-nji tomuny 1420-nji ýylda tamamlaýar. Onda Horasanyň we Mawerannahryň taryhyny beýan edýär. Emma henize çenli onuň doly ekzisy tapylanok. Soňra Abdyllah Şahruhyň tabşurmagyna görä, bütündünýä taryhy boýunça kompilýatiw "Ýygyndyny" düzmäge girişýär.
"Ýygyndyda" Ilhan Gazanyň ölen wagtyndan Temiriň tagta çykanyna çenli bolan wakalar beýan edilýär. Abdyllah Şahruhuň we onuň ogly Baýsungaryň tabşyrmagy boýunça 1423-nji ýylda özüniň ýygyndysy "Majma at-tawarihi" ýazmaga başlaýar. Bu ýygyndy 4 tomdan ybaratdyr. Onuň 4-nji tomy 2 bölümden ybarat bolup, 1-nji bölümi Temiriň, 2-nji bölümi Şahruhyň taryhyny beýan edýär.
Abdyllahan Gala
2706
7357
2006-11-17T20:36:11Z
Parahat
8
'''Abdyllahan Gala''' - Baýramaly şäheriniň demirgazyk-gündogar çetinde ýerleşýän gadymy ýadygärlik. Ol köne Mary şäheriniň galyndylarynyň bir bölegi bolup, 15-nji asyryň 1-nji ýarymynda bina edilýär. Galanyň günorta-günbatar diwarynyň uzynlygy 695 m. günorta-gündogar düwary bolsa 630 m. barabar. Diwaryň galynlygy 2,5-3 m. käýerlerde 6 m. ýetýär. Onuň beýikligi 5-7 m. Abdyllahan galanyň dört burçynda äpet tegelek küňreler, diwarlaryň ugrynda bolsa ululy-kiçili 42 küňre ýerleşýär. Abdyllahan gala 44 goranyş küňresi bilen berkidilýär. Abdyllahan galanyň iki sany derwezesi bolup, Eýrandan, Horezmden, Samarkantdan, Buharadan, Toharystandan we beýleki ýurtlardan gelen täjirler şol derwezelerden şähere giripdirler hem-de söwda işleri bilen meşgullanypdyrlar. Galanyň içinde meçjit, medrese, köşk, birnäçe howuz we ş. m. ýerleşýär. Metjidiň üç tarapdan girelgesi bolup, onuň içi birnäçe otagdan ybarat. Medresäniň jaýy özbaşdak bolman, metjit bilen birlikde tutuş bir ymaraty emele getirýär. Galanyň demirgazyk-gündogar burçunda hökümet köşgi ýerleşýär. Köşk hem goranyş küňreleri bilen berkidilýär. Abdyllahan galada şäheriň arassaçylygyna belli bir derejede üns berlipdir. Kir suwlary we ş. m. hapa suwlar çem gelen ýere dökülmän, guýy şeklinde gazylan çukurlara çekilen keramiki turbalar arkaly akdyrylypdyr. Gala, esasan, günorta tarapdan akyp geçýän kanalyň suwy bilen üpjün edilipdir. Ondan başga-da galanyň içinde 4 sany uly howuz bolup, olarda köp suw saklanypdyr.
Abdylhak Hamyt Tarhan
2707
7358
2006-11-17T20:42:49Z
Parahat
8
'''Abdylhak Hamyt Tarhan''' (1851-1837) - türk şahyry. Ol köp ýyllap Parižde, Londonda, Brýusselde diplomatik gullukda bolýar. Abdylhak türk edebiýatynyň ösmegine özüniň mynasyp goşandyny goşan şahyrdyr. Ol "Mazar" diýen (1885, öz aýalynyň ölümine bagyşlanan) meşhur elegiýanyň we ençeme goşgular ýygyndysynyň, drama eserleriniň awtorydyr. Abdylhak "Hindi gyzy" (1875), "Tarik" (1879), "Eşber" (1880) diýen eserlerinde Hindistanda iňlis kolonial syýasatyna garşy çykyş edýär, eden-etdiligi paş edýär, watanlylygy, azatlygy wasp edýär. Emma şonuň bilen birlikde-de onuň döredijiliginde, hamala, yslamyň siwilizatorçylyk roly bar diýen ideýa ýöredilýär, panyslam, pantürkistik tendensiýalar duýulýar.
Abdylhalyk Gižduwany
2708
7359
2006-11-17T20:49:25Z
Parahat
8
'''Abdylhalyk Gižduwany''' (Abdylhalyk ibn Abdyljemil Gižduwany, 1179 ýylynda aradan çykan) - "hajagan" ("hojalar") atly reaksion derwüşçilik toparyň esasyny goýanlarň we teoretikleriniň biri. Ol Buharanyň golaýynda ýerleşýän Gižduwan obasynda önüp-ösüpdir. Abdylhalyk Gižduwany Abu Ýusup (Hoja Ýusup baba) Hemedanynyň dört şägirdiniň (Hoja Abdylla Barky, Hoja Hasan Andaky, Hoja Ahmet Ýasawy we Abdylhalyk Gižduwany) biri bolupdyr we şonuň taglymatlaryny ýaýradypdyr. Onuň kakasy ymam Abdyljemil ady bilen meşhur bolupdyr. Abdylhalyk öz nesihatçysy hakda "Menakyby-Hoja Ýusup Hemedany" atly eser we başgada birnäçe kitap ýazypdyr.
Abdylhamyt Wasy
2709
7602
2006-11-20T19:01:31Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abdyhamyt Wasy|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=|
Ölen wagty=|
Doglan ýeri=[[Daşoguz welaýaty]]|
Okuwy=|
Käri=[[matematik]]|
}}
'''Abdylhamyt Wasy''' - orta asyryň görnükli türkmen alymlaryndan biri, matematik. Ol milleti boýunça türkmen bolup, Daşoguz welaýatynyň Was diýen ýerinde doglupdyr. Abdylhamyt Wasy özüniň matematika degişli "Kitab al-jebir we al-mukabaly" ("Algebra hem garşydurma hakda kitap") atly işi bilen tanalýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Garrygala
2711
7371
2006-11-18T14:12:15Z
81.213.207.200
Redirecting to [[Magtymguly etrap]]
#REDIRECT [[Magtymguly etrap]]
Magtymguly etrap
2712
7374
2006-11-18T14:19:54Z
Ga1taman
128
[[Balkan welaýaty]]nda bir etrap. Önki ady Garrygala.
Gyzylarbat
2713
7375
2006-11-18T14:20:36Z
Ga1taman
128
Redirecting to [[Serdar]]
#REDIRECT [[Serdar]]
Gazanjyk
2714
7379
2006-11-18T14:30:30Z
Ga1taman
128
Redirecting to [[Bereket]]
#REDIRECT [[Bereket]]
Magtymguly etraby
2716
7382
2006-11-18T14:41:27Z
Ga1taman
128
Redirecting to [[Magtymguly etrap]]
#REDIRECT [[Magtymguly etrap]]
Template:Test
2718
7394
2006-11-18T15:45:56Z
Ga1taman
128
{{sütun-baş|width=100%|bleu}}
<div width="100%" style=" padding:3px 2px 3px 5px; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold;background:#F0F8FF;text-align:center;"><font color="blue">'''Kardeş Projeler'''</font></div>
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|-
|style="padding:0px 2px 2px 5px"|
<div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left">
<div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Tıkla2 || image=Wiktionary-logo-tr.png | link=wikt:Ana Sayfa | width=35px | height=35px }}</div>
[[wikt:Main Page|'''WikiSözlük''']]<br />Azat Sözlük
</div>
<div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left">
<div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Tıkla2 || image=Wikisource-logo.svg | link=s:Ana Sayfa | width=35px | height=37px }}</div>
[[s:Ana Sayfa|'''VikiKaynak''']]<br />Özgür Kütüphane
</div>
<div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left">
<div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Tıkla2 || image=Wikiquote-logo.svg | link=q:Ana Sayfa | width=35px | height=41px }}</div>
[[q:Ana Sayfa|'''VikiSöz''']]<br />Özdeyişler
</div>
<div style="clear: left"></div>
<div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left">
<div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Tıkla2 || image=Wikibooks-logo.svg | link=b:Ana Sayfa | width=35px | height=36px }}</div>
[[b:Ana Sayfa|'''VikiKitap''']]<br />Özgür Kitaplar
</div>
<div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left">
<div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em">{{Tıkla2 || image=Commons-logo.svg | link=commons:Ana Sayfa | width=35px | height=48px }}</div>
[[commons:Ana Sayfa|'''Commons''']]<br />Çoklu Ortam Paylaşım
</div>
<div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left">
<div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Tıkla2 || image=Wikimedia-logo.svg | link=meta:Ana Sayfa | width=35px | height=36px }}</div>
[[meta:Ana Sayfa|'''Meta-Wiki''']]<br />Viki Merkez
</div>
<div style="clear: left"></div>
<div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left">
<div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Tıkla2 || image=Wikispecies-logo.svg | link=wikispecies:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div>
[[wikispecies:Türkçe|'''Wikispecies''']]<br />Biyolojik Tür Dizini
</div>
<div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left">
<div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:10px">{{Tıkla2 || image=Wikinews-logo.svg | link=wikinews:Main Page | width=35px | height=21px }}</div>
[[wikinews:Main Page|'''Wikinews''']]<br />Özgür Haberler
</div>
<div style="float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left">
<div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:10px">{{Tıkla2 || image=Wikiversity-logo.svg | link=v:Main Page | width=35px | height=21px }}</div>
[[v:Main Page|'''Wikiversity''']]<br />Özgür Üniversite
</div>
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{{sütun-son}}
Template:Tıkla2
2719
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2006-11-18T15:34:36Z
Ga1taman
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<div style="position: relative; width: {{{width}}}; height: {{{height}}}; overflow: hidden">
<div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3">[[{{{link}}}| ]]</div>
<div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Resim:{{{image}}}|{{{width}}}|{{{link}}}]]</div>
</div>
Geografiýa
2720
7398
2006-11-18T16:24:24Z
Ga1taman
128
Redirecting to [[Geografiya]]
#Redirect [[Geografiya]]
Wikipedia:Mazmuny
2721
7399
2006-11-18T16:51:00Z
Ga1taman
128
Bu mazmuny sahypasyndan makalalary "ilk iki harpyna" göra tapmak mümkin.
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<!-- interwiki -->
[[en:Wikipedia:Quick index]]
[[is:Wikipedia:Flýtivísir]]
[[it:Wikipedia:Indice articoli]]
[[ko:제목별 찾기]]
[[pl:Wikipedia:Indeks haseł]]
[[tr:Vikipedi:Dizin]]
Image:TurkmenistanBalkan.png
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2006-11-18T17:15:25Z
Ga1taman
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Image:TurkmenistanMaryM.png
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2006-11-18T17:22:29Z
Ga1taman
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Image:Tmolympiadwasi.png
2724
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2006-11-18T18:34:48Z
Parahat
8
Abdyrazzak Samarkandy
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2006-11-21T14:28:12Z
Ga1taman
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{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abdyrazzak Samarkandy|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[1413]]|
Ölen wagty=[[1482]]|
Doglan ýeri=[[Samarkant]]|
Okuwy=|
Käri=[[taryhçy]]|
}}
'''Abdyrazzak Samarkandy''' (1413 - 1482) - Orta Aziýa taryhçysy. Samarkantda birnäçe wagt ýaşaýar. Ol 24 ýaşynda Temiritleriň köşgünde hyzmat edip başlaýar. Temiritleriň diplomaty hökmünde Hindistanda (1441-44), Gilýanda (1446) bolýar. Ol ömrüniň soňky döwürlerinde Abdyl Kasym Babyryň köşgünde hyzmat edýär. Abdyl Kasymyň 1453 ýylynda Mazendarana, 1454 ýylynda Samarkanda eden ýörişlerine gatnaşýar. Abdyrazzak Samarkandy Orta Aziýawe Gündogar ýurtlarynyň 14-15 asyrlardaky taryhy boýunça maglumatlara baý bolan we taryhçylaryň arasynda şöhrat gazanan "Matla as-saadeýn wa majma al-bahreýn" ("Iki bagtly ýyldyzyň dogşy we iki deňziň goşulyşy") diýen taryhy eseriň awtorydyr. Onuň bu işi mongollaryň taryhyny, Temiriň we Temiritleriň 1304-1471 ýyllardaky taryhyny öz içine alýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abdyrahman Jamy Nuretdin ibn Ahmet
2726
7625
2006-11-21T14:26:20Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abdyrahman Jamy Nuretdin ibn Ahmet|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[1414]]|
Ölen wagty=[[1492]]|
Doglan ýeri=[[Horasan Jam|Jam]]-[[Horasan]]|
Okuwy=[[Samarkant medresesi|Samarkant]] we [[Hyrat medresesi|Hyrat]] medreseleri|
Käri=[[şahyr]]|
}}
'''Abdyrahman Jamy Nuretdin ibn Ahmet''' (1414-1492) - Şahyr, alym. Şahyryň ata-babalarynyň asly Ispihanyň golaýynda ýerleşýän Deşt diýen ýerdendir. Olar şol ýerde ep-esli wagt ýaşahlaryndan soň, Horasanyň Jam diýen welaýatyna göçüp gelýärler we kazyçylyk, müftüçilik käri bilen meşgullanýarlar. Abdyrahman Jamy bolsa Jamda doglany üçin, edebi lakamyny Jamy diýip saýlap alýar. Ol fars dilini, edebiýatyny, şeýle hem arap dilini oňat bilipdir. Ondan başga-da geometriýany, filozofiýany, hadysy, yslam dininiň kada-kanunlaryny, gurhany okamagy, oňa düşündiriş bermegi, edebiýat teoriýasyny hem oňat bilipdir. Şahyr Samarkandyň we Hyradyň medreselerinde okapdyr. Şahyryň tälim alan alymlaryndan Möwlana Şahabetdin Muhammet Jajaremini, Möwlana Sagdetdin Kaşgaryny, Kazy zadeý-Rumyny ýatlamak bolar. Ol Sagdetdiniň gyzyna öýlenýär. Ondan dört ogly bolýar, emma üçüsi ýaşlykda aradan çykýar. Şahyr olaryň ölümine gayşlap, elegiýalar hem ýazypdyr. Onuň gogany Möwlana Şemseddin Muhammet hem öz döwrüniň bilimli hem meşhur tebiplerinden biri bolupdyr. Temiritleriň döwründe ýaşanlygy üçin onuň serlerinde şol dinastiýada häkimlik eden Babyryň, Sontansöýün Baýkaranyň, Abu-Sagydyň, Ulugbegiň atlaryna duş gelinýär. Ol Azerbaýjanda häkimlik eden türkmen emirleri bilen ýakyndan aragatnaşykda bolupdyr. Hatda olaryň birnäçesine bagyşlap şygyr hem döredipdir. Jahan şa türkmen bolsa öz diwanyny, zer jähekli bir possun sowgat iberipdir. Öz döwürdeşi, meşhur şahyr, döwlet işgäri Alyşir Howaýy bilen tanşyp, onuň bilen dostlaşýar. Nowaýy ony öz ussady hökmünde hemme tarapdan goldaýar, kömek edýär. Şahyr "Kaşky" diýen şygyryny Nowaýynyň türki dilinde ýazan "Käşki" atly şygrynyň esasynda döredýär. Ol Hyrada, Samarkanda, Mara, Faraba, Bagdada, Daşkende, Mekgä, Töwrize syýahat edipdir. Şahyr köp sanly original eserler döredipdir. Olardan "Ýusup-Züleýha", "Sibhat el-Abrar", "Nefahat el-üns", "Baharystan", "Salaman we Afzal", "Tuhfat el-Ahrar", "Risalen-aruz", "Arba-in" (Çehel-hadys), "Häft öwren", "Harednamai-Isgenderi" diýen eserleri görkezmek bolar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abdysalamow Mätkerim
2727
7627
2006-11-21T14:30:04Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abdysalamow Mätkerim|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[1898]]|
Ölen wagty=[[1954]]|
Doglan ýeri=[[Garagalpagystan]]|
Okuwy=|
Käri=[[sowet işgäri]]|
}}
'''Abdysalamow Mätkerim''' (1898-1954) - Horezm rewolýussiýasynda aktiw gatnaşykçy, partiýa we sowet işgäri. 1920-nji ýyldan SSKP çleni. Ol Garagalpagystan ASSR-nyň Goňrat şäherinde daýhan maşgalasynda dogulýar. 1919-njy ýylda Gyzyl Goşun hataryna girip, Hywa rewolýussiýasyna aktiw gatnaşýar, basmaçylara garşy göreşýär. Ol Horezm Halk Sowet Respublikasy MIK-niň başlygynyň orunbasary (1923), İçeri işler halk komissary (1923-24), ÖzKP-niň Şabat we Koson raýkomlarynyň sekretary we beýleki jogapkär wezipelerde işleýär. RK(b)P-niň 13-nji gurultaýynyň we III Kommunistik Internasýonalyň V kongresiniň delegaty. Ol HHSR-niň "Zähmet Gyzyl Baýdak" ordeni we birnäçe medl bilen sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abdysetdar Kazy
2728
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2006-11-21T14:33:34Z
Ga1taman
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{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abdysetdar Kazy|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[19. asyr]] başynda |
Ölen wagty=[[19. asyr]] II ýarymynda|
Doglan ýeri=[[Gökdepe]]|
Okuwy=|
Käri=|
}}
'''Abdysetdar Kazy''' - "Jeňnama" atly taryhy poemanyň awtory. Ol 19-njy asyryň başynda Gökdepe sebitlerinde dünýä inip, 19-njy asyryň II ýarymynda aradan çykypdyr diýlip çak edilýär. Öz döwrüniň sowatly we düşünjeli adamy bolupdyr. Ol "Jeňnama" eserini 1862-nji ýylda ýazypdyr. Poema mesnewi formasynda ýazylyp, 2200 setirden ybarat. Awtor bu eserinde 1858 hem-de 1861 ýyllarda türkmenleriň birleşip, Eýran şasy Hasretdiniň talaňçy goşunlaryny derbi-dagyn edişi barada gürrüň berýär. 1858-nji ýylda Nasretdin Japargulyny baş edip, Garrygala sebitlerine agyr goşun ýollaýar. Şu taryhy jeňde türkmenleriň köp tireleri birleşip, watan ugrunda gahrymançylykly göreşýärler. Söweşe Hurberdi han ýolbaşçylyk edýär. Guramaçylykly we agzybir alynyp barlan şol söweşde talaňçy duşman goşunlary ýeňilýär. Şahyr eseriniň 1-nji bölüminde ine şu taryhy ýeňşi taryplaýar. Şahyr türkmen taýpalarynyň birleşip alyp baran watançylyk hereketiniň taryhy ähmiýetine dogry baha beripdir we şeýle birleşmäniň, dostlaşmanyň ýene-de rowaçlanmagyny isläpdir. Eseriň 2-nji bölüminde Eýran goşunlarynyň 1861-nji ýylda Mara eden uly çozuşy hakynda söhbet açylýar. Garrygalada masgara bolup ýeňlen Hasretdin şa Hemze Mürzäniň baştutanlygynda türkmenleriň üstüne 70 müň adamly goşun sürýär. Emma bu gezekde şanyň agyr goşuny türkmenleriň birleşen güýjine çydap bilmeýär. Bu taryhy söweşe Gowşut han ýolbaşçylyk edýär. Ahal türkmenleri hem Hurberdi hanyň ýolbaşçylygynda Mara kömege gelýär. Gazaply jeň talaňçy duşmanlaryň ýeňilmegi bilen gutarýar. Abdysetdar Kazy poemanyň bütin dowanymda watan ugrunda alnyp barlan urşuň tarapynda durýar. Duşmanlara aç gurt ýaly daraýani halkynyň aryny-namysyny özbaşdaklygyny goraýan gerçekleri wasp edýär. Parahat ilaty talamaga gelen gelmişekleri paş edýär. Eser şeýle uly taryhy ýeňiş gazanan halky we onuň gaýduwsyz ogullaryny taryplaýan muhammes bilen tamamlanýar. Pemada aýratyn alnan gahryman gahryman hereket etmän, tutuş halk hereket edýär. Şonuň üçinde eseriň diliniň we stiliniň agyrlygyna garamazdan, onda uruş kartinalary, halk köpçüliginiň watançylyk hyjuwy we duýgulary real görkezilýär. Poema ilkinji gezek rus dilinde 1914 ýylynda "Kniga rasskazow o bitwah tekinsew" ("Tekeleriň uruş kyssa kitaby") ady bilen Peterburgda akademik A. N. Samoýlowiç tarapyndan ylmy-düşündirişli çap edilýär. Eser gysgaldylan görnüşde "Jeňnama" ady bilen türkmen dilinde 1943 ýylynda çap edildi.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abzas
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7413
2006-11-18T20:46:21Z
Parahat
8
'''Abzas''' - çap edilen ýa-da golýazma tekstiň birinji setiriniň öňünden goýulýan boş ýer. Abzaslaryň arasyndaky tekst bölegi.
Abiwert
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7424
2006-11-18T21:21:06Z
Parahat
8
'''Abiwert''' (Bawert) - Kakanyň raýon merkezinden 4 km demirgazyk-günbatarda ýerleşýän orta asyr şäherleriniň harabaçylygy. Ol ýerde biziň eramyzdan öň 1-nji müňýyllykdan başlap, tä 18-19 asyrkara çenli ýaşaýyş bolupdyr. Abiwertiň umumy tutýan meýdany 42 gektara barabar bolup, ol ýerde 18-nji asyrda Nedir şa döwründe türkmenleriň alyli taýpasy ýaşapdyr. Şäher gür ilatly bolupdyr. İlat, esasan, ekerançylyk we belli bir zerejede maldarçylyk bilen hem meşgul bolupdyr. Şäheriň daş-töwereginde gadymy ekerançylyk ýerleriniň sudury mese-mälim görnüp dur. Şäherde 3 sany howuz, birnäçe guýy bolup, olar ilata agyz suwy beripdir. Şäheriň 2 sany bazar meýdançasy bolup, onda senetçilik we oba hojalyk harytlary satylypdyr. 1876-njy ýylda Deregeziň hany Allaýar han Kaka sebitlerini basyp alandan soňra, Abiwert taşlanýar.
[[Category:Taryh]]
Abijan
2731
7426
2006-11-18T21:25:12Z
Parahat
8
'''Abijan''' (fransuzça: Abidjan) - Günbatar Afrikada Şirmaýy Kenar respublikasynyň paýtagty. Ilaty 450 müň adam (1968). Ol demir ýol arkaly Bobo-Diulaso bilen baglanyşykly. Tokaý we oba hojalyk (kakao) raýonynyň söwda merkezi. Abijanyň üsti bilen agaç materiýallary, kakao, palma hozlary we ýagy eksport edilýär. Abijanda oba hojalyk önümlerini gaýtadan işleýän kärhanalar bar.
[[Category:Şäherler]]
Abissal zona
2732
7428
2006-11-18T21:33:05Z
Parahat
8
'''Abissal zona''' (grekçe: abyssos - düýpsüz) - deňizleriň we okeýanlaryň 2000 ''m'' we ondan hem çuň ýerleri. Bu zonada suw Ekwatora tarap örän haýal akýar. Mydamalyk temperaturasy +1-2°C bolup, has çuň ýerlerde 0°C golaýdyr. Abissal zonada ýaşaýan haýwanlaryň köpüsiniň gözü kör ýa-da örän uly bolýar. Bu ýerde bakteriýalardan hem-de saprofit suw otlaryndan başga ösümlikler duşmaýar.
[[Category:Tebigat]]
Abissal çökündiler
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7429
2006-11-18T21:40:14Z
Parahat
8
'''Abissal çökündiler''' - dünýä okeýanlarynyň düňbüniň meýdanynyň 90% golaýyny tutýan çuňlykdaky çökündiler. Beýle çökündiler aglaba 3 ''km'' gowrak çuňlykda bolýar. Çökündiler suwda gaýyp ýören görnüşde ýaşaýan örän ownuk organizmleriň (farominiferleriň, diatom suw otlarynyň we b.) skeletlerinden, gury ýerden we deňiz akymlary bilen getirilýän örän kiçijik mineral bölejiklerden we kosmos tozanyndan ybarat. Abissal çökündiler birnäçe hili bolýar: 1) hekli-globigerinli gyrmança we onuň her hili görnüşleri; 2) kremnili-diatomly gyrmança we mikroskopik suw otlarynyň galyndylaryndan emele gelýän gyrmançalar; 3) radiolýar gyrmança. Bu gyrmança has ownuk jandarlaryň gabyklaryndan emele gelýär.
[[Category:Tebigat]]
Category:Tebigat
2734
7430
2006-11-18T21:40:32Z
Parahat
8
Tebigat baradaky makalalar
Abiturient
2735
7431
2006-11-18T21:44:17Z
Parahat
8
'''Abiturient''' (latynça: abituriens - gitmäge taýynlanýan) - 1) birnäçe döwletlerde orta kouw jaýyny gutaran, orta bilim hakynda attestat alan adam; 2) SSSR-de 50-nji ýyllaryň ahyryndan başlap ýokary hem ýörite orta okuw jaýlaryna okuwa girmek üçin ekzamen berýänler.
Ablýassiýa
2736
7432
2006-11-18T21:47:38Z
Parahat
8
'''Ablýassiýa''' (latynça ablatio - azalmak) - eremek, bugarmak we mehaniki taýdan owranmak zerarly buzlugyň göwrüminiň azalmagy. Ablýassiýalar biri-birinden buzasty, içki, üstki we mehaniki görnüşleri bilen tapawutlandyrylýar.
[[Category:Tebigat]]
Abolissionizm
2737
7433
2006-11-18T22:06:59Z
Parahat
8
'''Abolissionizm''' (latynça: abolitio - ýok etmek, ýatyrmak) - 1) haýsy hem bolsa bir kanunyň ýatyrylmagyny talap edýän jemgyýetçilik hereketi; 2) 18-19 asyrlarda Angliýanyň, Fransiýanyň we beýleki Ýewropa ýurtlarynyň koloniýalarynda gulçulygyň ýatyrylmagy ugrunda ýaýbaňlanan göreş; 3) 18-19 asyrlarda ABŞ-da negrleri gulçulykdan azat etmek ugrundaky hereket. 1833-nji ýylda gulçulyga garşy göreşmegiň Amerikan jemgyýetiniň döredilmegi milli masştabda guramaçylykly abolissionistik hereketiň başlangyjyny goýdy. Abolissionizm plantatorlara - gul eýerine garşy ýer ugrunda göreşýän fermerleriň giň köpçüligini, plantassiýalarda işleýän işçileri, öňde baryjy inteligensiýany, negrlei azat ediş hereketiniň işgärlerini, gulzulygy ýurtuň kapitalistik ösüşine päsgel berýär diýip hasaplaýan buržuaziýanyň bir bölegini özüne birleşdirýär. Duglasyň baştutanlygyndaky iň rewolýussiýon toparlary gulçulyga garşy göreşde ýaragly güýjüň ulanylmagynyň zerurlygyna düşünipdirler. J. Braunyň (1859) ýolbaşçylygyndaky gozgalaň gylçulyga garşy göreşde esasy ähmiýete eýe bolýar. ABŞ-da Granždanlyk urşunyň (1861-65) gidişinde halk köpçüligi gulçulygy ýok etmekde görnükli rol oýnaýar. Prezident Linkolnyň 1863 ýylynyň 1-nji ýanwaryndaky manifestine görä, gozgalaňa gatnaşan günorta ştatlaryň negrleri azat diýlip yglan edilýär. 1865-nji ýylda ABŞ-nyň konstitutsiýasyna girizilen 13-nji düzedişe laýyklykda ABŞ-da gulçulyk ýatyrylýar we gullar şahsy azatly alýarlar. Emma gulçulygyň formal taýdan ýatyrylmagyna garamazdan, negrler hakykatda gullardan az tapawutlanýan agyr şertlerde ýaşapdyrlar. Olar ýerden we iň ýönekeý graždanlyk hukuklaryndan mahrum edilýär. ABŞ-da negrler biziň günlerimizde hem jyns taýdan kemsitmelere sezewar edilýär. Prograssiw güýçler negrleriň jyns taýdan kemsidilmegine garşy, olaryň deň hukuklylygy ugrunda alyp barýan göreşlerinden Abolissionizmiň rewolýussiýon däplerini giňden ulanýarlar.
Abonent telegrafirleme
2738
7434
2006-11-18T22:24:25Z
Parahat
8
'''Abonent telegrafirleme''' - iki taraplaýyn telegraf habarlaryny gös-göni bermek üçin abonentler (kärhanalar, edaralar, guramalar) arasyndaky elektrik aragatnaşygynyň görnüşi. Telefon aragatnaşygyna meňzeş bolup, onda habarlar hat üsti biln berilýär we kabul edilýär. Ýygylykly telegrafirleme metodynyň ulanylmagy magistral aragatnaşygynyň bir telefon kanalynda köp sanly telegraf kanallaryny döretmäge mümkinçilik berýär. Munuň özü abonent aragatnaşygyny arzanladýar. Telegraflarda abonentleri birleşdirmek üçin el bilen işledilýän abonent telegrafirleme stansiýasy ýa-da awtomatik sistemada işleýän abonent telegrafirleme sistemasy oturdylýar. Bu maksat üçin abonentde awtomatik usulda jogap beriji rulon görnüşli telegraf startstop apparaty hem-de çagyryş pribory bolup, olan stansiýa bilen iki priwodly liniýa arkaly birleşdirilýär. Stansiýada abonentleri awtomatik birleşdirmek üçin Abonent telegrafirlemäniň awtomatik sistemasynda telefon gözleýjili statiwlerden peýdalanylýar. Abonentdäki çagyryş priborynyň nomer ýygnaýyjy diski bolup ol telefonuňka meňzeşdir. Daşary ýurtlarda (ABŞ-da, Angliýada, Germaniýada) Awtomatiki telegrafirleme 20-nji asyryň 30-njy ýyllarynda döreýär. 1947-nji ýylda Moskwadaky Merkezi telegrafda el bilen işledilýän 30 nomerli abonent telegrafirleme stansiýasy guruldy. Soňra awtomatik işleýän has köp nomerli abonent telegrafirleme statsiýasyna geçildi we bu hili stansiýalar SSSR-iň başga ýerlerine giň ýaýrapdyr. Netijede, 1968-nji ýylda SSSR-de gurlan şeýle stansiýalaryň umumy sany 14 müňden gowrak bolupdyr.
[[Category:Tehnologiýa]]
Category:Tehnologiýa
2739
7435
2006-11-18T22:24:45Z
Parahat
8
Tehnologiýa baradaky makalalar
Aborigen gowaça
2740
7436
2006-11-18T22:31:17Z
Parahat
8
'''Aborigen gowaça''' (latynça: Aborigines - ilki başdan) - gadymdan bäri ekilip gelýän ýerli gowaça. Ol ýerli ýagdaýa oňat uýgunlaşandyr. Orta Aziýada, şol sanda Türkmenistanda 19-njy asyryň ahyrlaryna çenli ekilip gelnen gowaça afrika-aziýa (G. herbaceum) görnüşine degişlidi. Onuň gozasy maýda (3,8 ''g'') hem-de çala açylýardy. Süými irimçik we gysga (20 ''mm'') hem-de az çakymlydy (25%). Şoňa görä-de, gowaçanyň bu görnüşi soňra aram süýümli, irimçik gozaly we has ýokary hasylly amerika gowaçasy (G. hirsutum) bilen çalşyryldy.
[[Category:Ekerançylyk]]
[[Category:Tebigat]]
Category:Ekerançylyk
2741
7879
2006-11-29T14:34:31Z
Ga1taman
128
Ekerançylyk baradaky makalalar
[[Category:Oba Hojalyk]]
Aborigenler
2742
7438
2006-11-18T22:35:12Z
Parahat
8
'''Aborigenler''' (latynça: Aborigines - ilki başdan) - ýurduň iň gadymy ýerli ilaty. Bu termin grekleriň "awtohton" sözü bilen manydaş bolup, ol hem ýerli ilaty aňladýar. Gadymy rim rowaýatlaryna görä, Lassiýada Apennin daglarynyň eteginde ýaşan bir gadymy taýpa Aborigenler diýlip atlandyrylypdyr.
[[Category:Taryh]]
Abort
2743
7441
2006-11-18T22:43:57Z
Parahat
8
'''Abort''' (latynça: abortus - çaganyň wagtyndan öň düşmegi) - 1) göwredäki çaganyň öz-özünden düşmegi, aýrylmagy. Göwredäki çaga 12 hepdä çenli düşse oňa irki, 13-28 hepdä çenli düşse-giçki abort diýilýär. Grip, brusselýoz, toksoplazmoz, ýatgynyň kiçiligi, ganyň rezus deň gelmezligi ýaly agyr we hroniki keseller çaganyň öz-özünden düşmegine sebäp bolýar; 2) emeli ýol bilen çaga düşürmek medisina kömegi bilen diňe wraçlar tarapyndan ýörite keselhanalarda geçirilýär. Keselhanadan başga ýerde ýa keselhanada bolsa-da bikanun esasda, ýa-da ýörite medisinia bilimi bolmadyk adam tarapyndan emeli ýol bilen göwreliligi togtatmak howpludyr. Ol çaga bolmazlygyna we her hili aýal keselleriniň döremegine sebäp bolýar.
[[Category:Lukmanlyk]]
Category:Lukmanlyk
2744
7893
2006-11-29T14:56:14Z
Ga1taman
128
Lukmanlyk temalaryna degişli makalalar.
[[Category:Saglyk]]
Abraziw gural
2745
7445
2006-11-18T23:14:00Z
Parahat
8
'''Abraziw gural''' - metaly, derini, agajy, aýnany, dag jynslaryny we bulary mehaniki işläp bejermek üçin abraziw materiallardan ýasalan gural. Esasan, iki görnüşde, ýagny gaty Abraziw gurallara (ýylmaýyjy tegelekler, segmetler, çalgydaşlar) hem-de çeýe Abraziw gurallara (lentalar, diskler we b.) bölünýär. Abraziw gurallar metalyň, aýnanyň, daşyň, agajyň, deriniň we beýleki emeli materiýallaryň üstlerini işlemekde hem-de dag jynslarynyň gazylyp alynýan ýerlerindäki burawlaýyş işlerinde ulanylýar. Esasy häsiýeti kesiji gurallary ýiteltmekden ybaratdyr. Kesijilik ukybyny gowulandyrmak üçin Abraziw gurallary almazlar, almaz galamlar, abraziw tegelekler, gaty splawlar we polat diskler bilen çalýarlar. Çalma prosesinde kesijilik ukybyny artdyrmak bilen Abraziw gurala dogry görnüş (forma) berilýär. Öz görnüşleri, daşky ölçegleri, olary ýasamakda ulanylýan abraziw materiallaryň gatylygy, tebigy gurluşy boýunça özara tapawutlanýarlar. Abraziw gurallaryň keramik berkidijisi abraziw işleriň köpüsinde, magnezial we silikat berkidijisi bolsa gatadylan polady ýylmamakda, owadanlamakda we ş. m. ulanylýar.
Abraziw gurallar 19-njy asyryň ikinji ýarymyndan başlap (ýylmaýjy stanoklaryň döräninden bäri), senagat usuly arkaly öndürlip başlandy. Abraziw guraly ýasamakda elektrokorund (normal, ak, monokorund be başgalar), kremniý karbidi (ýaşyl we gara), sintetik hem tabygy almazlar ulanylýar. Standart Abraziw gurallaryň görnüşi 12 müňe ýetýär. Elektrokorunddan we kremniý karbidinden ýasalaýan ýylmaýjy tegelekleriň diametri 3-den 1100 ''mm'' çenli, galyňlygy bolsa 0,5-200 ''mm'' bolýar. almaz dänelerinden (bakelit, metal we keramik baglanyşyklarda) ýasalýan ýylmaýjy tegelekleriň diametri 6-dan 300 ''mm'' çenli we iş halkasynyň galyňlygy 1,5-5 ''mm'' çenli, ini 3-den 20 ''mm'' çenli bolýar. Ýylmaýjy derijigiň düşegi mata ýa-da kagyz bolup, onuň elektrokorunddani kremniý karbidinden, aýnadan we kremniden ýasalaýan kesiji däneleri bolýar. Ýylmaýjy derijik el bilen ýa-da mehanizirlenen usulda ýylmaýyş işlerinde ulanylýar.
[[Category:Gurallar]]
Category:Gurallar
2746
7444
2006-11-18T23:02:38Z
Parahat
8
Ulanylýan dürli gurallar barada makalalar
Abraziw materiallar
2747
7446
2006-11-18T23:31:40Z
Parahat
8
'''Abraziw materiallar''' - materiallary, minerallary, dag jynslaryny, aýnany, keramik materiallary, agajy, derini, rezini we beýleki mehaniki işläp bejermekde ulanylýan gaty maddalar. Abraziw materiallar tebigy we emeli görnüşde bolýar. Tebigy Abraziw materiýallara almaz, korund, granit, naždak, kremen we b.; emeli Abraziw materiýallara bolsa elektrokorund, monokorund, kremninin, boruň karbidi, sintetik almaz degişlidir. Abraziw materiallar gatylygy, berkligi, özlüligi we daşky görnüşleri bilen tapawutlanýar. Abraziw materiýallaryň gatylygy ýörite gatylyk şkalasy boýunça kesgitlenýär. Abraziw däne köplenç kristalllik bölejik, käbir ýagdaýlarda bolsa monokristal görnüşinde bolýar. Abraziw ukyplylyk däneleriň kütelmegine çenli sürtülip aýrylýan materialyň gyryndysynyň mukdary bilen häsiýetlendirilýär we ol abraziw dänäniniň materialynyň fiziki häsiýetlerine hem-de üstünüň ýagdaýyna baglydyr. Abraziw materiallar abraziw ukyplylygy boýunça şeýle tertipde ýerleşýär: almaz, kub görnüşli bor nitridi, kremniý karbidi, monokroynd, elektrokorynd, naždak, çakmak daşy. Abraziw guralyň gatylygy uly tizlik bilen kesmäge mümkinçilik berýär. Mumuň özü birwagtda işleýän köp sanly tyglar bilen materialy ýeterlik derejede ýonmagy üpjün edýär. Abraziw materiallar abraziw gurallaryň formasyna we niýetlenişie baglylykda, abraziw gurallar berkidilen dänejikler görnüşinde ýa-da ýylmaýjy derijik, poroşok, pasta görnüşinde peýdalanylýar. Däneleriň ölçegleri elek analizi, suwuklykda çökdürmek ýa-da başga usullar bilen kesgitlenýär.
[[Category:Tebigat]]
Abraziýa
2748
7448
2006-11-18T23:36:36Z
Parahat
8
'''Abraziýa''' (latynça: abrasio - ýonulmak, köwülmek) - deňizileriň, kölleriň we uly suw howdanlarynyň kenarlarynyň tolkun zerarly weýran bolmagy. Tokynlaryň hemişelik we yzygiderli hereketleri kenarlary ýumurýar, kert ýerlerini düzleýär, köwýär we tolkun terrasalaryny emele getirýär. Abraziýa transgressiýa we regressiýa prosesleriniň esasy iş geçirijisi bolup, ol abrazion düzlükleriň we abrazion platformalaryň emele gelmeginde uly rol oýnaýar.
[[Category:Tebigat]]
Abrikosow Alekseý Iwanowiç
2749
7629
2006-11-21T14:35:31Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abrikosow Alekseý Iwanowiç|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[1875]]|
Ölen wagty=[[1955]]|
Doglan ýeri=|
Okuwy=[[Moskwa uniwersiteti]]|
Käri=|
}}
'''Abrikosow Alekseý Iwanowiç''' (1875-1955) - sowet patolog anatomy, SSSR Ylymlar Akademiýasynyň (1939) we SSSR MYA-nyň akademigi (1944), Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany (1945), Döwlet baýragynyň laureaty (1942). 1939-njy ýyldan SSKP çleni. Abrikosow 1899-njy ýylda Moskwa uniwersitetini gutarýar. Ol 1920-nji ýyldan ömrüniň ahyryna çenli Moskwa uniwersitetiniň medisina fakultetiniň (1930-nji ýyldan Moskwanyň 1-nji medisina institutynyň) professory, 1944-51 ýyllarda SSSR MYA-nyň Hormal we patologik morfologiýa institunyň direktory. Abrikosow patologik anatomiýanyň dürli meseleleri hakdaky köp sanly ylmy işleriň awtorydyr, Abrikosow pataloglaryň Moskwadaky ylmy jemgyýetini esaslandyryjy we onuň hormatly başlygy (1938). Abrikosowyň ylmy işleri, esasan, öýken inçekeseline, simpatik nerw düwünleri, myşsa çiş kesellerine degişlidir. Abrikosow ýokary medisina okuw jaýlaryny üçin patologik anatomiýa boýunça okuw kitaplarynyň we birnäçe gollanmalaryň awtorydyr. Ol Polşa Ylymlar Akademiýasynyň kopp-çleni. Abrikosow Lenin ordeniniň ikisi we "Zähmet Gyzyl Baýdak" ordeni bilen sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abruý
2750
7630
2006-11-21T14:38:15Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=Abruý|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=[[6. asyr]]|
Ölen wagty=[[585]]|
Doglan ýeri=[[Buhara]]|
Okuwy=|
Käri=|
}}
'''Abruý''' - 6-njy asyryň 80-nji ýyllarynda Sogdanyň (häzirki Buhara) territoriýasynda ýaşan ilatyň iň garyp gatlaklarynyň gozgalaňynyň baştutany. Ol gozgalaň iri ýer eýelerini we söwda aristokratiýasynyň garşysyna gönükdirilýär. Narşahynyň maglumatlaryna görä, Abruý Paýkendi basyp alyp, iri ýer eýelerine we söwda aristokratiýasyna garşy rehimsiz çäreleri geçirip başlaýar. Olar muňa çydaman Semirýeçýä gaçýarlar we türkleriň hökümdary Gara Çurinden kömek soraýarlar. Onuň iberen goşuny 585-nji ýylyň töwereginde gozgalaňçylary derbi-dagyn edýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
[[Category:Taryh]]
Absolýut
2751
7451
2006-11-19T00:02:28Z
Parahat
8
'''Absolýut''' (latynça: absolutus - hiç birhili çäklendirilmedik, öz-özlügindäki barlyk) - idealistik filozofiýada dünýädaki ähli zatlaryň ebedilik esasy, başlangyjy manysynda hudaýyň sinonimi (Absolýut ruh, Absolýut ideýa, Absolýut şahs we ş.m.), Meselem: Platon baky ideýalary, Gegel Absolýut ideýæny, personalizm bolsa Absolýut şahsy tebigatyň, jemgyýetiň, adamyň pikirlenmesiniň düýp çeşmesi diýip yglan edýär. Dialektiki materilizm bu idealistik düşünjäni ret edýär. Absolýut şübhesiz, ebedi manysynda hem ulanylýar. Meselem: hereketiň absolýutlygy.
[[Category:Pelsepe]] [[Category:Fizika]]
Category:Pelsepe
2752
7452
2006-11-19T00:02:57Z
Parahat
8
Pelsepe mowzuklary baradaky makalalar
Category:Fizika
2753
7453
2006-11-19T00:03:20Z
Parahat
8
Fizika mowzuklaryna degişli makalalar.
Absolýut birlikler
2754
7454
2006-11-19T00:07:04Z
Parahat
8
'''Absolýut birlikler''' - birlikleriň absolýut sistemasyna girýän fiziki ululyklaryň birlikleri. "Absolýut birlikler" termini köplenç elektrotehnikada absolýut praktiki elektrak birliklerini bellemek üçin ulanylýar.
[[Category:Fizika]]
NebitDag
2755
7455
2006-11-19T08:56:53Z
81.213.207.200
Redirecting to [[Balkanabat]]
#Redirect [[Balkanabat]]
21. asyr
2756
7496
2006-11-19T10:19:32Z
Ga1taman
128
{| id="toc" align="right" style="margin-left:5px;white-space:nowrap"
|<small>
<div align="center">[[Asyr]]lar <br>
[[20. asyr]] | '''21. asyr''' | [[22. asyr]]
[[2001]] [[2002]] [[2003]] [[2004]] [[2005]] [[2006]] [[2007]] [[2008]] [[2009]] [[2010]]<br>
[[2011]] [[2012]] [[2013]] [[2014]] [[2015]] [[2016]] [[2017]] [[2018]] [[2019]] [[2020]]<br>
[[2021]] [[2022]] [[2023]] [[2024]] [[2025]] [[2026]] [[2027]] [[2028]] [[2029]] [[2030]]<br>
[[2031]] [[2032]] [[2033]] [[2034]] [[2035]] [[2036]] [[2037]] [[2038]] [[2039]] [[2040]]<br>
[[2041]] [[2042]] [[2043]] [[2044]] [[2045]] [[2046]] [[2047]] [[2048]] [[2049]] [[2050]]<br>
[[2051]] [[2052]] [[2053]] [[2054]] [[2055]] [[2056]] [[2057]] [[2058]] [[2059]] [[2060]]<br>
[[2061]] [[2062]] [[2063]] [[2064]] [[2065]] [[2066]] [[2067]] [[2068]] [[2069]] [[2070]]<br>
[[2071]] [[2072]] [[2073]] [[2074]] [[2075]] [[2076]] [[2077]] [[2078]] [[2079]] [[2080]]<br>
[[2081]] [[2082]] [[2083]] [[2084]] [[2085]] [[2086]] [[2087]] [[2088]] [[2089]] [[2090]]<br>
[[2091]] [[2092]] [[2093]] [[2094]] [[2095]] [[2096]] [[2097]] [[2098]] [[2099]] [[2100]]<br>
</div>
</small>
|}
20. asyr
2757
7497
2006-11-19T10:20:55Z
Ga1taman
128
{| id="toc" align="right" style="margin-left:5px;white-space:nowrap"
|<small>
<div align="center">[[Asyr]]lar <br>
[[19. asyr]] | '''20. asyr''' | [[21. asyr]]<br>
[[1901]] [[1902]] [[1903]] [[1904]] [[1905]] [[1906]] [[1907]] [[1908]] [[1909]] [[1910]]<br>
[[1911]] [[1912]] [[1913]] [[1914]] [[1915]] [[1916]] [[1917]] [[1918]] [[1919]] [[1920]]<br>
[[1921]] [[1922]] [[1923]] [[1924]] [[1925]] [[1926]] [[1927]] [[1928]] [[1929]] [[1930]]<br>
[[1931]] [[1932]] [[1933]] [[1934]] [[1935]] [[1936]] [[1937]] [[1938]] [[1939]] [[1940]]<br>
[[1941]] [[1942]] [[1943]] [[1944]] [[1945]] [[1946]] [[1947]] [[1948]] [[1949]] [[1950]]<br>
[[1951]] [[1952]] [[1953]] [[1954]] [[1955]] [[1956]] [[1957]] [[1958]] [[1959]] [[1960]]<br>
[[1961]] [[1962]] [[1963]] [[1964]] [[1965]] [[1966]] [[1967]] [[1968]] [[1969]] [[1970]]<br>
[[1971]] [[1972]] [[1973]] [[1974]] [[1975]] [[1976]] [[1977]] [[1978]] [[1979]] [[1980]]<br>
[[1981]] [[1982]] [[1983]] [[1984]] [[1985]] [[1986]] [[1987]] [[1988]] [[1989]] [[1990]]<br>
[[1991]] [[1992]] [[1993]] [[1994]] [[1995]] [[1996]] [[1997]] [[1998]] [[1999]] [[2000]]<br>
</div>
</small>
|}
19. asyr
2758
7498
2006-11-19T10:21:59Z
Ga1taman
128
{| id="toc" align="right" style="margin-left:5px;white-space:nowrap"
|<small>
<div align="center">[[Asyr]]lar<br>
[[18. asyr]] | '''19. asyr''' | [[20. asyr]]<br>
[[1801]] [[1802]] [[1803]] [[1804]] [[1805]] [[1806]] [[1807]] [[1808]] [[1809]] [[1810]]<br>
[[1811]] [[1812]] [[1813]] [[1814]] [[1815]] [[1816]] [[1817]] [[1818]] [[1819]] [[1820]]<br>
[[1821]] [[1822]] [[1823]] [[1824]] [[1825]] [[1826]] [[1827]] [[1828]] [[1829]] [[1830]]<br>
[[1831]] [[1832]] [[1833]] [[1834]] [[1835]] [[1836]] [[1837]] [[1838]] [[1839]] [[1840]]<br>
[[1841]] [[1842]] [[1843]] [[1844]] [[1845]] [[1846]] [[1847]] [[1848]] [[1849]] [[1850]]<br>
[[1851]] [[1852]] [[1853]] [[1854]] [[1855]] [[1856]] [[1857]] [[1858]] [[1859]] [[1860]]<br>
[[1861]] [[1862]] [[1863]] [[1864]] [[1865]] [[1866]] [[1867]] [[1868]] [[1869]] [[1870]]<br>
[[1871]] [[1872]] [[1873]] [[1874]] [[1875]] [[1876]] [[1877]] [[1878]] [[1879]] [[1880]]<br>
[[1881]] [[1882]] [[1883]] [[1884]] [[1885]] [[1886]] [[1887]] [[1888]] [[1889]] [[1890]]<br>
[[1891]] [[1892]] [[1893]] [[1894]] [[1895]] [[1896]] [[1897]] [[1898]] [[1899]] [[1900]]<br>
</div>
</small>
|}
Repetek Goraghana
2759
7501
2006-11-19T10:39:25Z
Ga1taman
128
Repetek Döwlet biosfera goraghanasy 1927-njy ýylyň 27-nji oktýabyrynda Gündogar Garagumyň ajaýyp gara ojar tokaýlaryny hem-de onuň daş-töweregindäki meýdanlary gorap saklamak üçin döredildi. Goraghananyň wezipesine Garagumyň çägeli çölüniň aýratyn, özboluşly üýtgeşik ösümlik we haýwanat dünýäsini öwrenmek, goramak hem-de dikeltmek işleri girýär. Olardan başga-da demir ýol duralgalaryň, säginelgeleriň we öri meýdanlardaky guýularyň töwereklerini gök-bakjalyga öwürmäge uly üns beriliär.
Repetek goraghanasy Garagumyň merkezi böleginde Lebap welayatynyň Türkmenabat şäherinden 70 km günortada, Amyderýa bilen Garagum derýalarynyň aralygynda, Repetek demirýol stansiýasynyň ýanynda ýerleşýär. Goraghananyň meýdany 34600 gektara deň.
Repetek goraghanasy döredilmezden ozal Repetek çäge-çöl stansiýasy işleýärdi. Onuň düýbi 1912-nji ýylda Rus Imperator Geografiýa jemgyýeti tarapyndan onuň wise-Prezidenti belli geograf we syýahatçy P.P.Semýonow-Týanşanskinyň işjeň gatnaşmagyna tutuldy. Merkezi Aziýanyň çöllerini öwrenmek ylmynyň düýbini tutujy W.A.Dubyanskiý ylmy stansiýanyň düýbini tutmakda ýakyndan kömek eden guramaçydyr we onuň ilkinji direktorydyr (1912-nji ýyldan tä 1928-nji ýyla çenli).
Ylmy stansiia goraghana bilen bilelikde 1998-nji ýyla çenli işledi. Stansiýa ýapylandan soň goraghana Türkmenistanyň Ylymlar Akademiýasyndan Tebigaty goramak ministirligine goşuldy. Türkmenistanyň Ylymlar Akademiýasynyň hasabynda goraghana jemi 1941-nji ýyldan soň, şol şanda 1962-nji ýyldan dünýä belli Çöller institutynyň (häzirki wagtda Çöller, ösümlik we haýwanat dünýäsi milli instituty) bölümleriniň hasabynda boldy.
1979-njy ýylda Repetek goraghanasy halkara biosfera goraghanalarynyň hataryna goşuldy. Bu goralýan ýerleriň seti, dünýä ekologik ulgamlarynyň esasy tipi bolup, adamlaryň bähbidi üçin tebigaty gorap saklamak we ylmy gözlegleri geçirmek üçin gerekdir.
Soňky maglumatlara görä Repetek goraghanasynda oňurgasyzlaryň 1343 görnüşleri we kiçi görnüşleri hasaba alyndy. Repetegiň mör-möjekleriniň 7 görnüşi 1999-njy ýylda çapdan çykan Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Olara buýnuzganat empuziýa, hinçi murtlak çekirtge, Pawlowskiniň murtlak çekirtgesi, Uwarowyň çölçüsi, Sumakowyň çekirtgesi, wyžžldawuk antia tomzagy we türkmen burunlak tomzagy degişli.
Oňurgaly haýwanlaryň arasynda ýerde-suwda ýaşaýanlaryň (Amphibia) - 1 görnüşi, süýrenjileriň 22 görnüşi, olaryň 2 görnüşi - zemzen we kepjebaş Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Kepjebaş Tebigaty Goramagyň Halkara Soýuzynyň (TGHS) Gyzyl kitabyna hem girizildi.
Repetek goraghanasynyň guşlarynyň 202 görnüşinden 13 görnüşi (oturumly, höwürtgeleýän, gyşlaýan, uçyp geçýän, göçüp-gelip yören guşlardan) Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Olara bürgüt we çöl serçesi, ýylançy gyrgy, gajar we togdary, gyzgylt gotan, buýraly gotan, adaty syçançy, mazar garaguşy, ütelgi, sähra göwenegi, gyzylbaş bezziltligi, hüwi degişli.gajar, buýraly gotan, mazar garaguşy we sähra göwenegi TGHS Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi.
Goraghananyň süýdemdirijiler faunasy 29 görnüşi öz içine alýar we olardan 3 görnüşi – garagulak, keýik we oklykirpi Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi.
Goraghanada kömelekleriň 197 görnüşi we kiçi görnüşi, toprak suwotylarynyň 68 görnüşi, epifit lişaýniklaryň 4 görnüşi, baldagy ýaprakly mohlaryň 4 görnüşi, açyk tohumlylardan gnetopsidleriň 1 görnüşi we gülli ösümliklerden 120 görnüşi bellenildi.
Repetek çäge-çöl ylmy stansiýasynda we Repetek goraghanasynda uly ylmy -barlag işleri geçirildi. Ylmy barlaglaryň esasy netijeleri çap edilen1000-den gowrak ylmy makalalarda, işlerde, ýygyndylarda we monografiýalarda ýazylyp beýan edildi.
Tebigy ösüşinde amatsyz ýagdaýyň bolmagyna garamazdan, ýerli ilatyň we odun taýýarlaýjy edaralaryň päsgel bermegine garamazdan, Repetek goraghanasynda Gündogar Garagumyň ajaýyp garaojar tokaylary, sebitiň biologik dürliliginiň esasy merkezi, kanagatlanarly ýagdaýda goralyp saklanylýar.
Uly çäge uşgamlary, tümmek we aklaň çägeleri garaojarly jülge görnüşli peslikler bilen bilelikde ýeke-täk gorag ýygyndysyny-köp bolmadyk (30 golaý wekil) keýigiň (jereniň) durnukly populýasiýasyny, seýrek guşlar bolan bürgüdiň, ýylançy gyrgynyň we çöl serçesiniň ýaşaýan ýerini emele getirýärler. Seýrek guşlaryň birnäçe görnüşi üçin goraghananyň ýerleri wagytlaýynça gaçalga bolup hyzmat edýär. Repetek goraghanasynda
seýrek mör-möjekleriň hem uly topary ýaşaýar. Bu ýeri türkmen burunlak tomzagynyň ýeke-täk ýaşaýan ýeridir.
Goraghananyň ekologik-aň-bilim we habar ýaýratmak işiniň esasyny tebigaty goramak barada alnyp barylýan sapaklar, gündelik gazet-žurnallarda çap edilýän makalalar, radiodaky we telewideniýedäki çykyşlar düzýär. Lebap welaýatynyň we Türkmenabat şäheriniň edara-kärhanalarynyň işçileri, talyplary, mekdep okuwçylary sapaklary diňleýjilerdirler. Goraghana Halkara biosfera statusy berilenden soň bu ýere dünýäniň 70-den gowrak ýurdundan adamlar gelip gördüler.
1948-nji ýylda goraghanada tebigat muzeýi döredildi, ol 1972-nji ýylda täzelendi we giňeldildi. Muzeýde goraghanada ýaşaýan kebelekleriň 70-den gowragynyň kolleksiýasy we 22 wekilden ybarat bolan tomzaklaryň kolleksiýasy görkezilipdir, olaryň içinde wyžžyldawuk antiýa tomzagy hem bar. Zäherli möýşekillileriň 5, ýylanlaryň 9 görnüşi, şol sanda kepjebaş görnükli ýerde goýlupdyr. Beýleki süýrendirijileriň 14 görnüşi görkezilmek bilen, olaryň içinde zemzen hem bar. Muzeýde 77 sany guşuň garantgylary goýlupdyr we olar biotoparlar boýunça ýerleşdirilipdir. Süýtemdirijileriň biotoparynda 11 görnüşden 14 wekil görkezilipdir. Repetegiň çägeli landşaftlaryna ýer ýüzüniň başga ýerinde gabat gelenok, şonuň üçin hem goraghana halkara statusynyň berilmegi hakykatdan hem dogrydyr.
Köýtendag Goraghana
2760
7502
2006-11-19T10:42:55Z
Ga1taman
128
1986-njy ýylyň 11-nji iýulynda döredilen Köýtendag goraghanasy äpet Pamir-Alaý dag ulgamynyň Gissar gerşiniň bir şahasy bolan Köýten daglarynyň günbatar eňňidinde ýerleşýär. Goraghananyň tutýan meýdany 27139 ga barabardyr. Goraghananyň döredilmeginiň esasy maksady - Köýtendagyň we oňa golaý ýerleriň täsin tebigatyny goramakdan hem bozulan ekoulgamlaryny dikeltmegiň ylmy esaslaryny işläp düzmekden ybaratdyr. Şeýle şeýle hem onuň döredilmegi, juda seýrekligi üçin Tebigaty Goramagyň Halkara Birleşiginiň (TGHB) Gyzyl kitabyna girizilen burma şahly dag tekesini goramak zerurlygy bilen baglydyr.
Goraghananyň we onuň töwereginiň klimaty hem edil tutuş tebigy keşbi ýaly diýseň özboluşlydyr. Ygallaryň ortaça bir ýyldaky mukdary 402 mm bolup, onuň möçberi dag eteklerinde azalyp, beýiklikde bolsa 700-800 mm ýetýär. Bahar aýlary çagbaly ýagyş ýaganda, derelerde sil akymlary döreýär.
Köýtendagyň ady onuň relýefiniň mahsus aýratynlygyny örän jaýdar häsiýetlendirýär. Ol “kuhi” diýen pars we “teň” diýen türk sözlerinden gelip çykyp, “geçmesi kyn dag” diýen manyny aňladýar. Hakykatdan hem bu daglyk ýerler köp sanly jülgedir dereler bilen dilkawlanandyr. Olaryň iň uzyny Hojailgazbaba (28 km). Has owadany çuňlugy 600 m çemesindäki Daraýyderedir. Onda grek hozundan, üzümden, kawkaz dagdanyndan, injirden, sütükli kerkawdan, zerawşan arçasyndan ybarat tokaýlyk ýerleşýär. Gün şöhlesi düşmeýän agaçlaryň aşagynda ýylyň bütin dowamynda sowuk dury suwly çeşme akyp ýatyr. Belentligi 27 m bolan täsin şaglawuk ýerleşýän, eňňitleri kert darajyk Umbardepe jülgesi görenleri aňk edýär.
Köýtendagyň ösümlik örtügi dag eteklerinde otjumak ösümlikler toplumynyň, ýokarda bolsa güýçli bozulan agaç we gyrymsy agaçlaryň zerawşan arçasynyň agdyklyk edýän guşaklygy ýerleşendir. Dagyň üstki böleginde ýassyk şekilli tikenli ýarymgyrymsy ösümlikler mesgen tutýarlar.
Goraghananyň florasynda pamir-alaý görnüşleri agdyklyk edýärler, beýleki görnüşleri hem hasaba alanyňda, bu ýerde 872 görnüşiň ösýändigi anyklanyp, şolaryň 10% -i diňe şu ýerlerde ösýän (endemik) görnüşlerdir (beýik çigildem, çomuç, çyryş we beýlekiler). Halk hem ylmy medisinada ulanylýan derman ösümlikleriniň hem 130-dan gowrak görnüşi duş gelýär. Gymmatly ösümliklerden Gordýaginiň kleomesi, Nikitiniň esparesti, beýik çigildem, Wiktoryň gaýrajy ýaly ösümlikler Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabynyň ikinji neşirine girizildi.
Endemiklerden bellemelisi Merkezi Aziýanyň başga hiç ýerinde tapylmadyk Popowyň Kugitangiýasynyň urugy diňe şu ýerde duşýar. Öňler Köýtendagda zerawşan arçasynyň arçalyklarynyň giň meýdanlary bardy, häzirki wagtda bolsa arçalyklar çapylyp we ýangynyň esasynda örän azaldy. Goraghanada olar bölekleýin görnüşde abat galdylar. Daglardaky toprak örtügini ýel tozatmagyndan we suwuň zaýalamagyndan goramakda ösümlik örtüginiň esasan hem tomusky örtüginiň ähmiýeti örän uly.
Köýtendagyň haýwanat dünýäsi hem baý we dürli-dürlidir. Bu ýerde-suwda ýaşaýanlaryň 2 (ýaşyl gurlawuk, köl gurbagasy), guşlaryň 100 (sakgally garaguş, gajar, dazzarkel, mazar garaguşy, sähra garaguşy, gyrgy, depe syçançysy we başgalar) we süýdemdirijileriň 40-a golaý görnüşi duşýar. Juda seýrek we gymmatly haýwanlaryň görnüşlerinden gara leglegi, uzynguýruk siňekçini, hindi ütelgisini, goňur aýyny, geçigaplaňy, burma şahly dag tekesini, köýten kör ýalaňaç balygyny we başgalary ýatlamak bolar.
Goraghana umumy meýdany 90 müň ga çemesi bolan üç sany Garlyk, Hojapil, Hojaburjybelent zakaznikleri degişli. Köptaraplaýyn Garlyk zakaznigi (40 müň ga) Köýtendagyň günorta ýapgydyny we Amyderýa çenli daglyk ýerleri öz içine alýar. Ol dünýä meşhur Garlyk karst gowaklar toparyny, melhem suwly Gaýnarbaba çeşmesini köýten kör balygynyň ýaşaýan ýerasty köllerini, Sinjir, Kettekiň, Abdere, Bulakdere ýaly çuň we gözel jülgeleri goraýar.
Hojapil landşaft - paleontologik zakaznigi (31,6 müň ga) Köýtendagyň goraghana girmedik demirgazyk bölegini, Köýten jülgesiniň ýokary guşaklygyny we Gowurdak pes daglygynyň demirgazyk-gündogaryny öz içine alýar. Ol takmyndan 150 mln ýyl mundan öň ölüp giden ajdarhalaryň aýak yzlary saklanyp galan “Dinozawrlar platosyny” gözel dereli “Kyrkgyz” gowagyny, şaglawukly Umbar deräni, Kette, Aýgyr, Horjun ýaly karst kölleri Köýten obasyndaky köp asyr ýaşan çynarly hem arnap tokaýjygyny, Garadepäniň ýanyndaky pisse tokaýlygyny goraýar.
Hojaburjy belent landşaft zakaznigi (17,6 müň ga) Köýten obasynyň demirgazyk-günbatarynda ýerleşip, Sakyrtma, Hojaburjybelent, Tahtatag gerişlerini öz içine alýar. Bu ýerde meşhur pisse tokaýlygy (1,5 müň ga) we dagyň deňi - taýsyz künjekleri goralýar.
Zakazniklerde ýatlananlaryň köpüsi dünýä, sebit, döwlet we ýerli ähmiýetli tebigy ýadygärliklerdir.
Goraghanada haýwanlaryň sanyny we göçüşini anyklamak, ösümlikler barada maglumat toplamak, karst gowaklaryny we beýleki tebigatyň döreden täsinliklerini öwrenmek, ilatyň arasynda ekologiki bilim hem terbiýe bermek işleri geçirilýär. Toplanan ylmy maglumatlaryň netijeleri, kitaplarda, ýygyndylarda, gazet hem žurnal sahypalarynda çap edilýär.
Şonuň bilen birlikde radiýoda we telewideniýede goraghananyň tebigaty barada gürrüň edilýär. Bu ülkede ilatyň az ýaşaýanlygy we onuň adamyň täsirine az sezewar bolýandygy üçin, bu goraghana diňe bir syýahatçylar däl-de mekdep okuwçylary üçin hem täsin ýerdir.
Bulardan başga-da bu ýeri dag jynslarynyň ýalaňaç gatlagyna has hem gumdaşlarynyň gyzylreňdäki gatlaklaryna baýdyr we belli botanik M.G. Popow “Tutuş landşaft ajaýyp gyrmyzy gyzyl reňkde, ýalpyldap duran gök asman bolsa, bu künjegi dürli reňklerden dolduryp gözellik berýär” diýip belläp geçýär. bu ýerde dürli reňkli dag gözellikleriniň birnäçesi ýagny owadan hedizarum, ýalpyldawuk çigildem, çyryşlaryň birnäçe görnüşi we başga uly bezeg ösümlikleri ösýär. Ýokarda aýdylanlaryň hemmesi bu ýeri Türkmenistanda ilkinji “Köýtendag” milli tebigy seýilgähini döretmäge mynasyp ýeriň biri diýip belläp görkezýär.
Köpetdag Goraghana
2761
7503
2006-11-19T10:43:43Z
Ga1taman
128
Ýurdumyzyň günortasynda Türkmen-Horasan dag ulgamynyň demirgazyk bölegi bolan gözel Köpetdagyň gerişleri uzalyp gidýär. Gurluş aýratynlyklaryna baglylykda bu dag ulgamlaryny Günbatar, Merkezi we Gündogar Köpetdaga bölýärler. Gymmatly agaçlaryň (türkmen arçasy, türkmen kerkawy, kawkaz dagdany) çapylmagy, malyň köp bakylmagy, çensiz aw edilmegi ýaly adam täsiriniň artmagy Köpetdagda goralýan ekologik ulgamlaryň döredilmeginiň zerurlygyna getirdi. Merkezi Köpetdagda tokaý işlerini ýola goýmak boýunça ilkinji synanyşyklar XX asyryň 20-30-njy ýyllarynda başlandy. 1948-nji ýylda Köpetdag tokaý hojalygy döredildi. 1976-njy ýylyň 19-njy awgustynda bolsa Merkezi we Gündogar Köpetdagyň hem-de dag etegindäki düzlükleriň ekologik ulgamlaryny diketltmek we gorap saklamak maksatlary bilen Köpetdag döwlet goraghanasy döredildi. Bu goraghana Ahal welaýatynda ýerleşýär. Goraghana berkidilen ýerleriň içinde dürli gorag düzgünli bölek ýerler bar. Gönüden-göni diňe goraghana degişli ýerleriň tutýan meýdany 49,7 müň gektar. Bu ýerde iki sany Kalinin (15 müň gektar) we Mäne-Çäçe (60 müň gektar) zakaznikleri, şeýle hem gorag zolagy (32,8 müň gektar) we iki sany Garaýalçy we Çarlyk ýadygärlikleri bar.
Merkezi Köpetdagyň döreýiş taryhy irki ýura eýýamyndan başlanýar, hek döwrüniň ahyryna çenli bu ýedäki ägirt giňişlikleri deňiz tutupdyr. Häzirki daglaryň ilkinji sudurlary paleogeniň ahyrynda neogeniň başynda ýüze çykyp ugrapdyr.
Goraghanada oňurgasyzlaryň faunasy has köpdürliligi we baýlygy bilen tapawutlanýar, olaryň görnüşleriniň sany 1000-den hem geçýär. Oňurgasyzlar barada söz açylanda ilki bilen aladasyz uçup ýören, dürli öwüşginli kebelekler okyjylaryň göz öňüne gelýär. Bezegindäki reňkleriň köpdürlüligi boýunça hiç bir jandary kebelekler bilen deňeşdirip bolmaz.
Bu ýerde duşýan iň iri we owadan kebelekleriň biri hem gözel Mahaondyr (ol troýan urşunyň gahrymany bolan lukmanyň hatyrasyna atlandyrylan). Kebelekleriň bedeniniň yz tarapynda ýüreginiň ýerleşýändigini, ganynyň bolsa ýaşyl reňkdedigini bilmek bolsa has hem geňdir.
Türkmen şaşkaçysy atly kebelegiň dünýäde bar bolan 3 populýasiýasynyň biri Manež derede (Germap uçastogy) ýaşaýar. Garaýalçy jülgesinde bolsa, kallimah we kaspiý aňyrsy tutuksy aýypisint kebelegi gabat gelýär. Köpetdagda duşýan mör-möjekleriň 15 görnüşi (bulaýjy teneçir, orden lentaly lesbiýa kebelegi, ýelkenganat aleksanor kebelegi, kallimah, akgurt möýi we başgalar) Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Sähra süýri çekirtgesi bolsa Tebigaty goramagyň halkara soýuzynyň (TGHS) Gyzyl kitabyna hem girizldi.
Goraghananyň çäklerinde oňurgaly haýwanlardan balyklaryň 15 görnüşi duş gelip, olardan kaspi aňyrsy garabalyk we türkmen ýalaňaç balygy Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Ýerde-suwda ýaşaýanlaryň 3 görnüşi gabat gelýär. 43 görnüşinden durýan süýrenijileriň özboluşly faunasy bolup, olaryň 8-si (türkmen eublefary, zemzen, pişikgöz ýylan, göklors we başgalar) Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi.
Köpetdagda guşlaryň örän köpüsi ýaşaýar. Ýurduň goralýan ýerleriniň arasynda diňe Köpetdag goraghanasynyň çäklerinde adaty syçançy, laçyn, hindi dag towugy, ak petekeli we ala jokjokylar, gara gögümtil jikjiki, arçasar ýaly guşlar höwürtgeleýär. Köpetdag goraghanasynda goralýan guşlaryň arasynda towukşekilliler otrýadyndan seýrek duşýan we az öwrenilen hindi dag towugy aýratyn orun tutýar. Beýik dag depelerindäki gür bolmadyk arçalyklarda arçasar duş gelýär. Bu ýerde uly guşlar bolan dazzarkel, garaguş, maslykçy we iň kiçijik eýran aldawajy ýaly guşlar hem duşýar. Köpetdagyň gaýalarynda gara leglekleriň gurýan özboluşly höwürtgeleri hem synçylaryň ünsüni özüne çekýär.
Köpetdag goraghanasynyň çäklerinde ýaşaýşy batgalyklar we tokaýlar bilen bagly guşlaryda görmek bolýar. Käbir ýyllarda Durnalar bu ýerde dynç alýarlar, iýmitlenýärler we güneşli günleriň birinde süri-süri bolup asmana göterilýärler we öz dogduk mekanlaryna höwürtgelemäge gidýärler. Güýzüne bolsa ýene-de şu ýerden täze neslini yzyna tirkäp, Eýrana tarap gyşlamaga uçup gidýärler. Goraghanada duşýan guşlaryň 11 görnüşi (adaty syçançy, bürgüt, sakally garaguş we başgalar) Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi, gajar bilen sähra göwenegi bolsa TGHS-nyň Gyzyl kitabyna hem girizildi.
Gündogar Köpetdagyň etegindäki tebigy şertleriň, bu ýerde gulanlary köpeltmek üçin we pisse agaçlaryny ösdürmek üçin ekologik talaplara laýyk gelýändigini ylmy barlaglaryň netijeleri görkezdi. Bary-ýogy onlarça ýyl mundan öň hem gulana ýitip gitmek howpy abanýardy. Bu çydamly haýwanlary Köpetdag goraghanasynyň meýdanlaryna gaýtadan aralaşdyrmak işleri 1978-nji ýylda başlandy we 1985-nji ýyla çenli Bathyz goraghanasyndan 60 gulan getirilip goýberildi. Häzirki wagtda Mäne-Çäçe we Kalinin zakazniklerinde umumy sany 650-ä ýetýän gulanlaryň ýaşaýşa ukyply populýasiýasy döredildi. 350 gektar meýdana ekilen pisseler hem ilkinji hasylyny berip başlady.
Süýdemdirijileriň 67 görnüşi bolup, olaryň 12-si (üçreňkli gijeçi, itaýy, syrtlan we başgalar) Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Goşatoýnaklylaryň gijeki awçysy hasaplanylýan uly owadan pişik-alajagaplaň, gulan, dag goçy we dag tekesi TGHS-nyň Gyzyl kitabyna hem girizildi. Ýabany toýnaklylaryň sanynyň azalmagy uly ýyrtyjy haýwanlaryň sanynyň kemelmegine getirýär. Şonuň üçin hem ýyrtyjy wagşy haýwanlaryň sanyny ýokarlandyrmak üçin, ilki bilen ýabany toýnaklylaryň baş sanyny goramak we köpeltmek zerurdyr.
Gözelligi we syrlylygy bilen Köpetdagyň ösümlik dünýäsi hem özüne çekýär. Aýratynda dag girişlerinde hemişe gök-salyp gözüňi dokundyrýar. Arçalyklaryň howasynda olaryň pürüniň gaýtalanmajak hoşroý ysy duýulýar, howanyň yssylygy näçe ýokary bolsa bu ysyň täsiri hem şonça güýçlenýär. Arçanyň garamtyl-ýaşyl pürleri bakteriýalary öldürmek häsiýetinde eýedir. Arçalyklardaky tämiz howanyň peýdalydygy, adamlaryň şähdini açýanlygy, keselli haýwanlaryň bolsa öz kesellerinden dynmak üçin şu ýerik gelýändikleri ir wagtdan bäri bellidir. Arça ekologik taýdan örän ýowuz şertlerde ösmek bilen kert gaýalary, düýpden tekiz ýapylary we dag derelerini janlandyrýar. Onuň kökleri agajyň düýbünden bir näçe metrlere uzalyp, ýeriň üst ýüzi bilen ýzylyp gidýärler. Arçalyklar köp guşlara we süýdemdirijilere gaçybatalga bolup hem hyzmat edýär. Emma arçalyklaryň esasy gymmatlylygy dag gaýalaryny berkidýänliginde we ygal ýygnaýanlygyndadyr. Arça Köpetdagyň ösümlik örtüginde agdyklyk edýän agaçdyr.
Adaty injir hem görenleri geň galdyrýar. Köküni kert gaýalardaky ýarçyklaryň arasyndan goýberip ösýän injir şireli hem-de derman häsiýetli miweleri we özboluşly ysy bilen adamlara şatlyk paýlaýar. Adamlaryň durmuşynda möhüm ähmiýete eýe bolan bu ösümlige gadym wagtlardan bäri uly hormat goýlupdyr we 5 müň ýyl mundan öň adam tarapyndan medeniýetleşdirilen ilkinji ösümlikleriň biridir. Gadymy rowaýata görä, injir Rim şäherini esaslandyryjy Romulyň diri galmagyna ýardam edipdir.
Bu ýerdäki ömri gysga otjumak ösümlikler (efemerler we efemer şekilliler) hakykatdan hem owadandyrlar. Çigildemleriň 16 görnüşinden Köpetdag goraghanasynyň çäklerinde 7-si ösýär. Olardan iň bellisi açyk gyzyl gülli-Miheliň çigildemi. Apreliň ikinji ýarymynda garamtyl melewşe gülli gladiolus gülleýär. Şular we beýleki güller diňe bir seleksionerler üçin däl-de, eýsem medeni ösümlikleriň gelip çykyşyna göz ýetirmekde hem möhüm ähmiýete eýedir. Goraghananyň çäklerinde we onuň töwereginde ýokary derejeli ösümlikleriň 1400 töweregi görnüşiniň bardygyny bellemek gerek. Olardan 24 görnüş Türkenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi, aýratyn hem grek, eýran, türkestan rýabinalary, türkmen popowiolimony we başgalar. TGHS-nyň Gyzyl kitabyna Atabaýewiň haramçybygy, Guduň çigildemi, zakaspi giasinti girizildi. Bu ýeriniň ösümlikleriniň köpüsi (270 görnüş) endmikdir. Köpetdagyň ösümlik dünýäsi derman ösümliklerine hem baýdyr (jerebaý, zirk, boýbodron, helihrizum, yşgyn we başgalar).
Pes derejeli ösümlikleriň arasynda mohlar, lişaýnikler we paporotnik görnüşliler adatydyrlar. Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna lişaýnikleriň 3 görnüşi (Oksneriň aspisiliýasy, tabajykly tornabea, dag teloshistesi), mohlaryň 1 görnüşi (trhostomopsis) we paporotnik görnüşleriniň 1 görnüşi (tüýli aspelinium) girizildi.
Goraghananyň işgärleri tarapyndan halk köpçüliginiň arasynda ekologik bilimleri ýaýratmakda hem köp işler geçirilýär. Işgärleri tarapyndan halk köpçüliginiň arasynda ekologik bilimleri ýaýratmakda hem köp işler geçirilýär. Işgärleriň metbugatda, telewizorda, radioda ýygy-ýygydan edýän çykyşlary, okaýan sapaklary, mekdep okuwçylarynyň arasynda geçirilýän bäsleşikleri ilatyň ösümlik we haýwanat dünýäsindäki gyzykly zatlary bilmegine kömek edýär. Köpetdag goraghanasy Türkmenistanda “Parklaryň (seýil-gähleriň) ýörişi” atly hereketiň başyny başlaýjy bolup çykyş etdi, 1996-njy ýyldan başlap şeýle hereket ýurdumyzda her ýylda geçirilýär. Her ýylda taýýarlanylýan “Tebigatyň ýyl ýazgysy” hasabatynyň, ylmy makalalarydyr, kitaplaryň esasyny geçirilýän ylmy barlaglaryň netijeleri düzýär.
Köpetdag goraghanasy seýrek duşýan we ýitmek howpy abanýan köp ösümlikler we haýwanlar üçin ygtybarly gaçybatalga öwrüldi we olaryň saklanyp galmagyna kepilnama bolup durýar. Ülkämiziň iň gözel künjeklerinden biri bolan Köpetdag goraghanasyna gelip görüň!
Hazar Goraghana
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[[Türkmenistan]]da bir [[goraghana]].
== Döredilişi ==
Hazar döwlet goraghanasyny döretmegiň taryhy Türkmenistanyň Hökümetiniň ýörite çykaran karary esasynda [[1932]]-nji ýylda başlanýar. Şonda [[Etrek]] derýasynyň aşaky akymyny we [[Esenguly]] deňiz aýlagyny öz içine alýan Esenguly ornitologik (guşlaryň) goraghanasyny döredilýär. Ol [[1968]]-nji ýylda [[Krasnowodsk]] döwlet goraghanasyna öwrülýär. Oňa Krasnowodsk we Demirgazyk Çeleken diýlip umumylykda atlandyrylýan ýalpak suwly deňiz aýlaglarynyň tutuş ulgamy goşulýar. Garaşsyz Türkmenistan Hökümetiniň karary bilen [[1994]]-nji ýylda ol Hazar döwlet goraghanasy diýlip atlandyrylýar we onuň düzümine uly deňiz adasy Ogurjaly zakaznigi hem goşulýar.
== Aýratynlyklary ==
Goraghana adaty gury Zakaspi çöllüginiň, [[Kaspi]]niň deňiz suw ýüzüniň we [[Eýran]]yň Astrabat subtropiki welaýatynyň sepinde ýerleşýär. Onuň ýeri biri-birinden ep-esli uzaklykda ýerleşýän 3 sany bölekden ybarat : Hazar, Esenguly we Ogurjaly zakaznigi. Goraghananyň umumy tutýan meýdany deňiz suw ýüzi bilen bilelikde 269 müň gektar.
Hazar bölegi. Çöllüge gatnaşýan bir kilometrik gorag zolagy bilen gurşalan Türkmenbaşy (ozalky ady Krasnowodsk), Demirgazyk Çeleken, Balkan, Mihaýlowsk aýlaglaryny öz içine alýar, onuň tutýan meýdany 192,3 müň gektar. Şolardan 159,3 müň gektar ýokarda görkezilen aýlaglaryň akwatoriýalary tutýar. Galanlary kenar ýakasyndaky şorluk we çöllükdir, deňiz adalarydyr we burunlarydyr. Bu ýeri dürli suwasty ösümlikleriň, şonuň ýaly-da oňurgaly haýwanlaryň faunasynyň iňňän bol ýeridir.
Ogurjaly zakaznigi Ogurjaly deňiz adasynda ýerleşýär. Onuň tutýan meýdany 7 müň gektara barabar. Ol Türkmen aýlagyny deňiziň açyk böleginden bolýar we materik kenaryndan takmynan 35-40 km aralykda ýerleşýär. Onuň ýeri tekiz bolup, ot ösümlikleri bilen berkän çägeliklerden we şorluklardan durýar.
Esenguly bölegi. 68,7 müň gektar meýdany, şolardan akwatoriýalar - 35,9 müň ga tutýar we landşaftlarynyň gurluşy boýunça biri-birinden tapawutlanýan 4 bölege bölünýär :
I - ol kenar ýakasynyň we deňziň ýalpak ýerlerini öz içine alýar;
II - ol ozalky Esenguly aýlagynyň territoriýasyny öz içine alýar;
III - bu bölegi süýji suwly kiçi Delili kölüni we gurap galan uly Delili kölüniň güýçli ösen gamyş, ýylgyn jeňňelliklerini we suwasty ösümliklerine baý ýerlerini öz içine alýar;
IV - Garadegiş guryýer bölegine çemenlik - otly ösümlikler, ösgün ýylgynlyklar degişlidir.
Goraghananyň howasy gije-gündizde we möwsümlerde köp üýtgäp durýan, güneşli günleriň bolçulygynda, az ygally kontinental temperaturalydyr. Şol bir wagtda Kaspi deňziniň we onuň aýlaglarynyň giň suw meýdanlarynyň gös-göni golaýda ýerleşmegi goraghananyň howasyna ýumşadyjy täsirini ýetirýär, aýratyn hem Günorta bölegine, ol tomusda has çyglylygy we gyşynyň ýumşaklygy bilen tapawutlanýar.
Goraghananyň tebigaty juda dürlüligi bilen tapawutlanýar. Hazar döwlet goraghanasynyň häzirki wagtdaky ösümlik dünýäsiniň gülli ösümlikleriniň 360-dan gowrak görnüşi bar diýlip hasaplanylýar. Olaryň köp dürli görnüşi Esenguly bölegindedir. Agramly bölegi bolsa efemerlerdir (gurak ýerde bitýän gysga möwsümli ösümlikler). Şolardan 9-sy endemik bolup, Türkmenistanda seýrek duş gelýär. Bu ýerde ösýän zakaspi şorasy Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilendir (1999 ý). Bulardan başga-da deňiz aýlaglarynda suw otlarynyň 41 görnüşi, gülli ösümlikleriň 5 görnüşi ösýär. Bu suw otlary, zoobentosyň 29 görnüşi (her dürli gurçuklar, mollýuskalar we mör-möjekler) bilen bilelikde millionlarça we ýüz müňlerçe uçup geçýän we gyşlaýan azu-köp derejede goraghananyň içinde mekan tutýan suwguşlary, kenar-ýaka guşlary we balyklaryň wekilleri üçin esasy iýmit bazasy bolup hyzmat edýär.
Goraghananyň haýwanat dünýäsi örän dürlüligi bilen tapawutlanýar. Bu ýerde diňe oňurgaly haýwanlaryň 420-den gowrak görnüşi ýaşaýar. Şolardan 48 görnüşi balyklardyr, lososlar maşgalasyndan Kaspi azatmahysy we azatmahy balyklary Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi.
Ýerde we suwda ýaşaýanlardan gurbagalaryň iki görnüşi, ýöne süýrenjileriň bolsa köp görnüşi (29) ýaşaýar. Olar gury ýerdäki we suwyň töweregindäki pyşdyllar, zemzen we birentek owunjak hažžyklar, ýylanlar, köp sanly suw ýylanlary, zäherli ýylanlardan alahöwren, kepjebaş.
Goraghanadaky oňurgaly haýwanlardan iň köpsanlysy iň köpsanlysy guşlardyr. Şu wagta çenli olaryň 21 otrýada degişli 293 görnüşi anyklanyldy. Olar gagaralar, tersaýakşekilliler, gündizki ýyrtyjylar, çulukşekilliler, towukşekilliler, gylguýruklar, kepderiler, ikatýoklar, hüwiler, toklutaýlar, uzynganatlylar, serçeşekilliler we başgalar.
Suw we kenar-ýaka guşlarynyň millionlarçasy ýaz we güýz pasyllary goraghananyň eşretli suwly-batgaly haýyrlanylýan ýerleriniň üstünden uçup geçýärler. Olardan ýüz müňlerçesi arly gyşy (5 aýa çenli) geçirmek üçin şu taýda galýarlar. Şol wagtlar goralýan deňiz aýlaglarynyň giň akwatoriýalarynda olar gara (sakar baraklar we käbir ördekler), gyzgylt (gyzylgazlar, gyzylbaşlar), gar ýaly ak (guwlaryň 3 görnüşi) reňkli ençeme adalary emele getirýärler. Balkan aýlagyndaky Ufra ýarym adasynyň gaýalarynyň gyralarynda we dagada adasynda ägirt uly akguýruk we uzynguýruk bürgütler sakçy dek guşlara seredip oturýarlar we ýarawsyzlaryny tutýarlar. Şeýdip bürgütler guşlaryň arasynda keselleriň ýaýramagynyň öňüni almak bilen arassaçylyk rolyny ýerine ýetirýärler.
Guşlaryň hut şeýle köp bolmagy goraghananyň akwatoriýalary Kaspi deňziniň, gidrologik, gidrohimik we biologik düzgünini kemala getirmekde möhüm rol oýnaýar. Şoňa görä deňziň (Türkmenbaşy, Demirgazyk Çeleken, Balkan we Mihaýlowsk) aýlaglar ulgamy halkara ähmiýetli suwly batgaly haýyrlanylýan ýerler hökmünde Ramsar konwensiýasynyň aýratyn sanawyna goşulandyr.
Goraghananyň süýdemdirijileri haýwanat dünýäsiniň biologik dürlüligi boýunça ikinji orny eýeleýärler (olaryň 49 görnüşi belli bir derejede onuň haýyrlanylýan ýerlerine baglydyr). Olardan has häsiýetlileri Kaspi deňziniň endemikasy bolan Kaspi tüleni, gulakly kirpi, alakalar, atýalmanlar, towşanlar, gamyş we ýabany pişikleri, adaty tilki, keýikler we beýlekiler.
Goraghananyň haýwanat dünýäsiniň biologik dürlüliginiň 10%-den gowragy (45 görnüşi) seýrek duş gelýänlere we ýitip ýogalyp barmak howpy abanýanlara degişlidir, şoňa görä olar Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Olaryň arasynda balyklaryň 2 görnüşi, süýrenijileriň 5 görnüşi, guşlaryň 31 görnüşi, süýdemdirijileriň 7 görnüşi bar.
Bu aýratynlyklaryň ählisi goraghananyň ylmy bölüminiň köp ýyllaryň dowamynda geçiren barlaglary netijesinde ýüze çykaryldy. Goraghananyň alymlary tarapyndan häzirki wagta çenli “Tebigatyň ýyl ýazgysy” boýunça 26 kitap taýýarlanyldy, goraghananyň we Kaspiniň günorta-gündogar kenarynyň galtaşýan ýeriniň haýwanlary we ösümlikleri öwrenildi we bähbitli meýilnama temalaryň ylmy-barlag işleri ýerine ýetirildi. Goraghananyň alymlary barlag işleriniň birenteginde Garaşsyz ýurdumyzyň tebigatyny ygtybarly goramaklyga we tebigy resurslaryny rejeli peýdalanmaklyga gönükdirilen ylmy taýdan esaslandyrylan teklipler taýýarladylar.
Goraghananyň möhüm wezipeleriniň biri-de biziň Garaşsyz, Baky Bitarap döwletimiziň tebigaty goramak baradaky syýasatyny giň köpçülige ýaýratmakdan ybaratdyr. Şu maksat bilen Hazar döwlet goraghanasynyň ylym bölüminiň işgärleri, inspektorlar topary diňe soňky 5 ýylyň dowamynda müňden gowrak sapak okadylar, gürrüň geçirdiler, gezelenç guradylar, radio we telewideniýe boýunça çykyş etdiler.
Goraghananyň baý tebigat Muzeýi 1986-nji ýyldan bäri hereket edip gelýär. Onuň 4 sany giň zallarynda goraghananyň kartasy, haýwanat dünýäsiniň biologik dürlüliginiň ekspozisiýasy, “Bizde köp güneşli gün, deňiz we guş bar” diýen Hazar döwlet goraghanasynyň nyşanlarynyň biri, Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabynyň simwoliki şekili ýerleşýär.
Başga-da bu ýerde haýwanat we ösümlik dünýäsiniň şekilleri ýerleşdirilen, olaryň içinde has hem guşlaryň, süýdemdirijileriň, balyklaryň, mör-möjekleriň garantgylary hakykylygy we çeperçiligi bilen tapawutlanýar.
Biziň Garaşsyz we Bitarap döwletimiziň genji hazynasynyň birini abat saklamak boýunça möhüm wezipäni ýerine ýetirýän Hazar döwlet goraghananyň işgärleri Türkmenistanyň deňiz-ýaka böleginiň ajaýyp tebigat gözelligini, haýranlar galdyrýan hadysalaryny görmek üçin we ýakyndan tanyşmak üçin ony gelip görmäge çagyrýar.
== Çeşmeler ==
* [http://www.tebigat.8m.com Tebigat]
Gaplaňgyr Goraghana
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1979-njy ýylyň 19-njy awgustynda döredilen Gaplaňgyr döwlet goraghanasy Daşoguz welaýatynyň çäginde, Türkmenistanyň demirgazyk-günbatar çetinde ýerleşýär. Goraghananyň esasy maksady özüniň ýowuz we deňi-taýsyz gözelligi bilen haýran galdyrýan täsin çöl meýdanlaryny, ösümlik we haýwanat dünýäsini goramak hem geljekki nesiller üçin aýap saklamakdyr. Möhüm çäreleriň hatarynda Üstýurdyň dag goçlarynyň, jerenleriň, gulanyň, itaýynyň sanyny saklamak we dikeltmek göz öňünde tutulýar. Ýeri gelende, “Gaplaňgyr” diýen adyň ozal bu ýerlerde “gum gaplaňynyň” (gepardyň) mesgen tutanlygy sebäpli dörändigini ýatlamak möhümdir.
Goraghana 282,2 müň gektar meýdany eýeleýär, ondan başga-da onuň garamagynda umumy meýdany 821 gektar bolan Şasenem we Sarygamyş zakaznikleri döredildi. Zakaznikleriň wezipesi Sarygamyş kölüniň suw giňişliklerinde ýaşaýan guşlary goramakdan, jerenleriň, aýraklaryň (dag goçlarynyň) we saýgaklaryň sanyny köpeltmekden, şonuň ýaly-da gulanly ozalky mesgenine gaýtadan uýgunlaşdyrmakdan we köpeltmekden ybaratdyr.
Goraghananyň ýer üstüniň özboluşly keşbini gyryň endigan, daşly we eňňit meýdanlary, kert çüňkler, çöketlikler, gury hanalar, aňňat-aňňat gum depeleri ýaly dürli şekiller döredýärler.
Bu ýerde ýylyň ortaça temperaturasy +11° gradus. Iň sowuk aý bolan ýanwarda ortaça temperatura -5° gradusa çenli aşaklaýan bolsa, iýul aýynyň ortaça temperaturasy +28° gradusa barabar bolýar. Ýylyň dowamynda maýyl günleriň sany 210 güne ýetýär. Atmosfera ygallarynyň häsiýeti boýunça goraghana Türkmenistanyň gurak, ygalyň mukdary 100 millimetrden az bolýan meýdanlarynda ýerleşýär. Toprakdaky bar bolan yzgaryň aglabasy eýýäm aprel aýynda harçlanyp gutarýar. Şonuň üçin tomus aýlary otjumak ösümlikler topragyň ýokarky gatlaklarynda yzgaryň ýetmeýänligi üçin ösüp bilmeýärler.
Goraghananyň ösümlik dünýäsi häzirki wagtda ösümlikleriň 300-e golaý görnüşini öz içine alýar. Olaryň ýarpysyndan gowragy selmeler, atanak güllüler, çylşyrymly güllüler, däneliler we kösükliler maşgalasyna degişli bolup durýar. Häsiýetlendirilýän bu meýdan çöllükleriň günorta we demirgazyk aşaky zolagynyň sepgidi üçin mahsus bolan ösümliklerden ybaratdyr. Gaplaňgyr gyrynyň ösümlik örtügi gysga boýly, ýarym gyrymsy ösümliklerden, esasanam boýurgandan ybaratdyr. Otjumak ösümliklerden bolsa birýyllyk selmeler, seýregirägem bolsa gyrtyç, käbir efemerler we beýleki köp otlara duş gelmek bolýar. Gyrda örän seýrek gögeren pes boýluja gara sazaga hem duş gelinýär. Ygalyň köp bolan ýyllarynda Gaplaňgyryň üsti köp görnüşli efemerleriň galyň örtügi bilen örtülýär, ondan başga-da Garaşor çöketligi bolsa hiç hili ösümligiň ýoklugy bilen tapawutlanýar.
Ýokarky Uzboý ugrunyň çägelikleri bolsa ösümlikler bilen berkleşendir. Sarygamyş kölüniň ýakalaryndaky ak çägeliklerde bolsa ýylakly garyşyk-sazaklar giň ýaýrandyr. Çäge depeleriniň aralaryndaky pesliklerde gara sazaklara-da sataşmak mümkin. Goraghananyň meýdanlarynda seýrek duş gelýän ösümliklerden hywa şorasy we Krasnowodsk çägemigi (ýumşak tohumlyja) ösýär. Bular Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilen ösümliklerdir. Bu ösümlikler goraghanada ylmy taýdan öwrenilýär we olary tebigy ýagdaýda ösmäge ýaramly ýerlerine göçürmek we medeni zolakda ösdürip ýetişdirmek boýunça işler geçirilýär. Şonuň ýaly-da, goraghanada toýnakly haýwanlaryň ot-iýmler bilen üpjünçiligi we onuň haýwanlara edýän täsiri içgin öwrenilýär.
Bu ýeriniň haýwanat dünýäsi özboluşlydyr we seýrek hem gymmatly görnüşlere baýdyr. Goraghananyň we zakaznikleriň meýdanlarynda ýabany haýwanlaryň 26, guşlaryň bolsa 150-den gowrak görnüşine duş gelmek bolýar. Olardan süýdemdirijileriň 10 görnüşi, guşlaryň 11, süýrenjileriň 6 görnüşi Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilendir.
Süýreniji haýwanlardan goraghananyň meýdanlarynda jyňňyldawuk we galkanlyja asjagazlara, ýylanlaryň 8 görnüşine, çöl ýylançylaryna, takyr patmasyna, zemzene we birnäçe suwulgan görnüşli süýrenijilere sataşmak bolýar. Goraghananyň meýdanlaryndaky haýwanlardan esasanam dag goçlary, jerenler (keýik) we gulanlar ünsüňi özüne çekýär. Olaryň hemmesi Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Jeren seýrek duş gelýän haýwanlaryň biri bolsa-da, oňa goraghananyň ähli ýerinde sataşmak mümkin. Emma, tä adamlar tehnikanyň kömegi bilen şeýle haýwanlary köpçülikleýin gyryp başlaýança, olaryň sany azda-kände durnuklydy. Çölleriň adam tarapyndan güýçli özleşdirilip başlanmagy netijesinde jerenleriň tebigy arealynyň (ýaýran ýeriniň) gysgalmagy, käbir gazaply gyşlaryň olaryň iýmsizlikden köpçülikleýin gyrylmagyna getirmegi, hemmesiniň üstesine-de, käbir zandy ýaman adamlaryň häzirki zaman tehnikasynyň kömegi bilen edýän brakonýerçiligi jerenleriň sanynyň örän çalt azalmagyna, käbir ýerlerde bolsa has seýrekleşmegine ýa-da ýitip gitmegine getirdi. Goraghana döredilenden soň bolsa bu haýwanlaryň sany aç-açan köpelip başlady.
Dag goçlary hem goraghanada seýrek duş gelýän, Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilen haýwanlaryň biridir. Olara esasanam günorta Üstýurdyň Gaplaňgyr gyryna birleşýän berk gaýalarynda we Gaplaňgyr çüňkinde duş gelmek bolýar.
Gulan Daşoguz welaýatynda ýitip giden toýnakly haýwanlaryň biri hasaplanýardy. 1983-87-nji ýyllarda goraghananyň işgärleriniň tagallasy bilen Bathyz goraghanasyndan gulanlaryň 100-den gowragy Sarygamyş çöketligine getirilip goýberildi. Gulanlar özleriniň öňki mesgenine tiz uýgunlaşdylar. Häzirki wagtda Zeňňibaba kölüniň töwereklerinde, Sarygamyş çöketliginde, Üstýurt gyrynyň eteklerinde, Ýedihowuz takyrlyklarynda gulan sürileri gabat gelýär. Bulardan başga-da toýnakly haýwanlardan saýgaklara we ýekegapanlara duş gelmek bolýar. Saýgak Tebigaty Goramagyň Halkara Soýuzynyň Gyzyl kitabyna hem girizildi.
Goraghanada ýyrtyjylardan möjek, sähra pişigi, torsuk, tilki, şagal, garagulak, itaýy ýaly haýwanlar hem ýaşaýarlar. Şonuň ýaly-da oklykirpä duş gelmek bolýar. Bulardan garagulak, itaýy we oklykirpi Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilendir.
Gemrijilerden goraghanada esasan hem towşan, sary we inçe barmak ýumran (alaňňyrt), bozsyçan, öý syçany we atýalman ýaly haýwanlar ýaşaýarlar.
Türkmenistanda guşlaryň 340-dan gowrak görnüşi bolup şonuň 150-ä golaýy Daşoguz welaýatynda duş gelýär. Olar hem biri-birinden özüniň ýaşaýyş obrazy bilen tapawutlanýar. Käbiri çölde ýaşaýan bolsa, käbirleri suwuň ýakasynda mekan tutynýar. Biri uçup geçýär, beýlekisi hemişelik ýaşaýar. Guşlardan iň köp sanlysy serçeler otrýadyna degişlidir. Bularyň arasynda has giň ýaýrany torgaýlardyr. Goraghana ýyrtyjy guşlaryň köpdürliligi bilenem ünsüňi özüne çekýär. Bu ýerde bürgüt, ütelgi, depe syçançysy, ýylançy gyrgy, göwenek we şuňa meňzeş guşlara has köp duş gelmek bolýar.
Sarygamyş kölüniň töwereginde hem guşlaryň 83 görnüşi bolup, olardan 7 görnüşi bolup, olardan 7 görnüşi (gyzgylt we buýraly gotanlar, kaşykçy, gyzyl gaz, körje, garabaş çarlak, ak guýruk garagyş) Tüürkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizlen görnüşlerdir.
Goraghanada Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilen, seýrek duş gelýän guşlaryň biri hem togdarydyr. Bu örän az öwrenilen guşlaryň hataryna girýär. Bu guş san taýdan örän az bolup, berk goraga alnandyr.
Goraghanada ylmy-barlag bütin ýylyň dowamynda yzygider geçirilip, onda tebigatda bolup geçýän her hili hadysalara gözegçilik hem-de ösümlikleriň we haýwanlaryň seýrek duş gelýän we ýitip ýok bolup barýan görnüşlerini ylmy esasda öwrenmek, köpeltmek we gorag saklamak boýunça iş geçirilýär. Goraghananyň ylmy-bölüminiň işgärleri Türkmenistanyň beýleki goraghanalary bilen tejribe alşyp durýarlar. Ylmy işleriň netijeleri kitaplarda, gazetlerde we žurnallarda çap edilýär, ylmy konferensiýalarda ara alnyp maslahatlaşylýar.
Ylmy we gorag işleri bilen bir hatarda goraghananyň işgärleri tarapyndan welaýatyň halkynyň arasynda tebigaty goramak we onuň eziz ülkämiz üçin peýdasy barada düşündiriş-ündew işleri alnyp barylýar.
Tebigaty goramak bu bir ýa-da iki adamyň işi däl. Tebigaty goramak - umumy halkyň işidir.
Bathyz Goraghana
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2006-11-19T10:46:02Z
Ga1taman
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Bathyz döwlet goraghanasy Türkmenistanyň Günortasynda Eýran we Owganystan bilen araçägiň golaýynda, Tejen we Murgap derýalarynyň aralygynda ýerleşýär. Bu ülkäniň gözel we gazaply tebigatynyň we Merkezi Aziýanyň çäginde diňe şu ýerde saklanyp galan bary-ýogy 150 sany gulan-onagranyň ýeke-täk populýasiýasynyň bolmagy, hem-de ösümlik we haýwanat dünýäsiniň baý we dürli görnüşlerini saklamak üçin gaýragoýulmasyz çäreleri kabul etmeklik tutanýerligi talap edipdi. Professor Rozanow gulanlary goramak üçin ylmy taýdan esaslandyrylan, Bathyzyň bütin tebigy toplumy hakynda goraghana döretmek barada maglumat taýýarlaýar we Türkmenistanyň hökümetine gowşurýar. 1941-nji ýylyň 3-nji dekabrynda agyr harby döwüre garamazdan Bathyz döwlet goraghanasy döredilýär.
Bathyz goraghanasynda başga-da seýrek, gymmatly haýwanlar we ösümlikler goralyp saklanýar, olaryň köpüsi başga hiç ýerde duş gelmeýär. Ýewroaziýanyň hiç ýerinde Bathyz goraghanasynda goralyp saklanýanlara meňzeş tebigy toplumlaryň ýoklugy sebäpli, ol 2000-nji ýylyň başynda doly esasda dünýäniň has möhüm goraghanalarynyň hataryna girizildi we ÝuNESKO-nyň Bütindünýä medeni hem tebigy mirasynyň Sanawyna girizilmäge hödürlendi.
Goraghana 87680 gektar meýdany eýeläýär. Şonuň ýaly-da onuň garamagynda üç sany zakaznik bar : Çemenebit, Pulhatyn we Gyzyljar.
Goraghanada, ýer üstüniň pisse tokaýlygy, çöllük sähra, akymsyz çöketlikler diýilýän, şertli atlar dakylan dürli keşpleriň üç görnüşini tapawutlandyrýarlar.
Pisse tokaýlygy daş görnüşi boýunça sawanna meňzeşdir. Agaçlar bir-birinden has açyklykda ösüp, olaryň şahalary beýlekileriňki bilen galtaşmaýarlar. Pisse agajy 300 ýyla we hatda 500 ýyla çenli ýaşap bilýär. Ol, gadym eýýamlardan bäri adama peýda getirýän, täsin ösümlikdir. Bu agaç baradaky ýatlamalar baryp biziň eýýamymyzdan öňki V asyrda hem duş gelýär. Rimliler özüniň Aziýa eden ýörişlerinde pissäni Italiýa getiripdirler, ol ýerden bolsa Ispaniýa äkidilipdir. X asyrda pisse agajy Merkezi we Demirgazyk Amerika düşüpdir.
Pisse nämesi bilen adamyň ünsüni özüne çekdikä? Ilkinji nobatda tagamly, örän ýagky miweleri - pisseleri bilen. Onda günebakardakydan bir ýarym- iki esse köp ýag bolup, onuň tagamy ýokary hilli hoz we zeýtun ýaglarynyňkydan pes däldir.Pissäniň maňzynda 24 prosent beloklar bar. Pisse hozjagazlary şol durşuna we duzlanan görnüşde naharda goşmaça iýilýär, şonuň ýaly-da konditer we kolbasa senagatynda şirinnanlary (tortlary), şokolady, buzgaýmagy, kolbasanyň ýokary sortlaryny taýýarlamakda ulanýarlar. Miwelwrinden başga-da pissäniň şepbigi - terraktin atly gymmatly zat hasaplanýar we boýagdyr renkleýji senagatda ýokary hilli çeperçilik rňkleri öndürmekde ulanylýar. Onuň ýapraklaryndaky düwürli ösüntgilerden (buzgunç) eýleýji maddalar alynýar, ýerli ilat bolsa haly dokanlarynda ýüňi we ýüpegi gyrmyzy we goýy gyzyl reňklere boýamak üçin ony ulanypdyrlar. Ondan başga-da, pisse derman ösümligidir.
Pisse tokaýyndan gündogarda ýapgyt gerişli baýyrlary, jülge şekilli peslikleri bolan çöllük sähra onlarça kilometre uzalýar. Bu ýerde biz göýä tupan sowulan badyna doňup galan äpet ýer ummanyna düşýäris. Sähralar we dag baýyrlary - Bathyzyň ýer üstüniň esasy keşbini döredijileridir.
Ýeroýlanduz - şeýle ady landşaftyň üçünji tipi bolan akymsyz çöketlik özünde göterýär. Çöketligiň 500 m çuňlugy bolup, meýdany - 300 km barabardyr. Çöketligiň döremegine Tetis deňziniň aşagyndaky hereket edýän wulkaniki öjak sebäp bolupdyr. Geçen şol gadymy döwürlerde dag jynslary bolan magmalar ýer çuňlugyndan ýokary göterilip, ýokarysyna çykyp bilmän, gadymy deňziň düýbüni gümmez şekilinde galdyryp, dag jynslarynyň uly harsalary şekilinde gatap galypdyrlar.
Şeýle akymsyz çöketlik ertir irden ýa-da günüň şöhlesine ertekilerdäki ýaly owadandyr. Ondan göwrak gara andezit- bazalt depeleri enaýy görnüşde nahar duzy bilen dolan şor kölüň kenarynda seleňläp durlar, gurak döwürler bolsa şorluga öwrülýärler. Bu çöketlik edil ýer taryhynyň açyk kitaby ýaly. Bu ýerdäki ýeriň gabygynyň gatlaklary, geň enaýy depeleriň ýapgytlaryndaky açyk kert oýulan ýerleri görüp, biziň ülkämiziň geçmişde hakykatdan-da täsin geologiýasynyň bolandygyny bellemek bolar.
Ýeroýlanduzuň akymsyz çöketliginiň enaýylygy diňe bular bilen çäklenmeýär. Goraghana üçin, bu ýerleri iň gymmatly gorag haýwanlary bolan gulan we keýikleriň esasy ýaşaýan ýeri bolmak bilen hem ähmiýetlidir.
Gulan - az sanly saklanyp galanlygy bilen adatdan daşary gymmatlyk bolman, eýsem ol adam üçin ähmiýetliligi bilen tapawutlanýar. Adam aty gulan bilen çaknyşdyryp, duzly suwy, iýmiti dannamaýan, uzak ýörişlere çydamly täze atyň täze görnüşini döretmek üçin köp synanyşypdyr. Bu haýwanyň şeýle geň häsiýetlerini Onore de Balzak „Şagren derisi” diýen esrinde ýazýar.
Awstriýa barlagçysy Antemius miladydan 8 müň ýyl ozal, Alynky Aziýanyň we Mesopotamiýanyň çöllerinde „ol ata öwrenişdirilipdir hem harby grek iki tigirli arabalarynda ulanylypdyr” diýip belläp geçýär. Ýaňy ýakynlarda gulanyň galyndysy günorta Türkmenistanda, Mäne obasynyň golaýynda ýerleşýän gadymy şäher bolan Altyndepede arheologlara gazuw-agtaryş işlerinde tapmak başartdy. Gulanlary mis-daş asyrynda (eneolit döwründe miladydan 1 müň ýyl öň) adamlar häzirki Türkmenistanyň çäginde ulanypdyrlar.
Bathyzyň ösümlik örtügi örän baýdyr. Bu ýerde 1050 görnüşdäki damarly ösümlikler (442 urug, 76 maşgala), olaryň arasynda 75 görnüş (aşaky görnüş) endemikdir. Ösümlikleriň 13 görnüşi Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl Kitabyna (1999) girizildi. Olar Türkmenistanyň “Gyzyl kitabynyň” ösümlik görnüşleriniň umumy sanynyň 12%-ni tutýar. Olar Bathyz düýegyrany, Owgan injiri, Wasilçenkonyň astragaly we Guşgy astragaly, çägemik, Bathyz pissesi, trihostomopsis, Guşgy çigildemi we başgalar.
Bathyz sähralygy özüniň gözelligi hem täsirliligi bilen tapawutlanýar. Martyň aýagynda - apreliň başynda gülleýän çülälekler we pakpakylar gyzyl reňkli giň meýdanlary emele getirýärler. Çägelerde sary hem ak çigildemler tapawutlanýarlar. Gülleýän sygyrdiliniň ýaşyl-ak öwüsýän meýdanlary apreliň ahyrynda sähralygy tutýar. Şu döwürde pisse tokaýlygynda, gök ýapgytlyklarda ak gül çogdamlaryny ýaýradyp, gülläp oturan, Koçiň dadranlaryny hem görmek bolýar. Maý aýynda kaspi we äpet soganlary, astragallaryň hem birnäçesi gülleýärler we meýdanlara gözellik berýärler.
Bathyzyň haýwanat dünýäsi - toýnaklylaryň ýüzläp sürileri, ölän haýwanlaryň maslyklarynyň üstündäki gyrgydyr, gajar sürileri, çeşmeleriň ýanyndaky jeňňelliklerdäki alaja barslar we sähradaky möjek çagajyklarydyr. Bathyzyň ýyrtyjy wagşy haýwanlary hemme adamlaryň gözüne gönüden-göni görünmeýär. Bathyzda ýyrtyjylaryň şasy diýip, hiç bir şübhesiz uly owadan pişik - barsy görkezip bolar. Bathyzda toýnaklylardan -gulanlar, goçlar we keýikler ilkinji bolup göze ilýärler. Olar we maslyk iýiji guşlar bu ýerlere uzak ekzotiki döwletleriň gözelligini berýär.
Goraghanada haýwanlardan ýerde-suwda ýaşaýanlaryň 2 görnüşi, süýrenijileriň 39 görnüşi, guşlaryň 257 görnüşi we süýdemijileriň 36 görnüşi (aşaky görnüş) ýaşaýar. Bu ýerde oňurgasyz haýwanlaryň 1326 görnüşi (görnüşleriň has kiçisi) anyklanandyr. Şol sanda olaryň 108 görnüşi (8,1%) çäkli ýerlerde ýaşaýanlardyr.
Bathyzyň haýwanlarynyň 53 görnüşi Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl Kitabyna (1999) girizilendir ýa-da „gyzyl kitap” görnüşleriniň 35%-dir. Bular Boliwaryň hudaýatysy, hinçi murtlak çekirtge, Bathyzyň wyžžyldawuk tomzagy, kryžanowskiniň şyrkyldawuk tomzagy, Bathyzyň jyk-jyk tomzagy, Ýakobsonyň hozanagy, düwürtükli as, menekli halsid, Çernowyň ýylan şekilli suwulgany, zemzem, kepjebaş, gök lors, gara leglek, balykçy gyrgy, adaty syçançy, mazar garaguşy, bürgüt, ak durna, togdary, garagulak, gulan, alajagaplaň, keýik we başgalar. Kepjebaş, balykçy gyrgy, gajar, ak durna, mazar garaguşy, üç reňkli gijeçi, alajagaplaň we gulan Tebigaty Goramagyň Halkara Soýuzynyň (TGHS) Gyzyl kitabyna hem girizildi.
Türkmenistanyň Prezidenti Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy 1995-nji ýylyň 15-nji dekabrynda çykaran „Türkmenistanyň döwlet goraghanalarynyň tipli düzgünnamasy” diýen kararyna laýyklykda goraghana ylmy-barlag edarasy diýen statusa eýe boldy.Bathyzyň tebigy toplumy barada 4200-den gowrak habarlar, kitapçalar we birnäçe monografiýalar çap edildi. Goraghanada garaşsyz döwletleriň köpüsiniň talyplary önümçilik praktikasyny geçýärler. Aşgabadyň, Moskwanyň, Sankt-Peterburgyň, Riganyň, Kiýewiň, Daşkendiň, Ýerewanyň, Permiň we beýleki şäherleriň alymlary Bathyzyň materiallary esasynda 47 kandidatlyk we doktorlyk dissertasiýasyny goradylar.
Goraghananyň ýanynda tebigat Muzeýi we giň ylmy kitaphanasy bar. Her ýyl Türkmenistanyň dürli künjeginden köp adamlar Bathyzyň ekologiki ýodalaryna gezelenje gelýärler hem-de milli buýsanç bilen Watanymyzyň şeýle gözel ýerine göz ýetirýärler.
Haýwanlaryň we ösümlikleriň seýrek görnüşleri goraghanany Türkmenistanyň iň gözel ýerleriniň birine öwürýär. Goraghana gelip görmek, onuň özboluşly tebigaty bilen tanyşmak - ýatdan çykmajak täsir galdyrýar.
Amyderýa Goraghana
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2006-11-19T10:46:35Z
Ga1taman
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Amyderýa döwlet goraghanasy 1982-nji ýylda Amyderýanyň orta akymynyň hem-de ýakyn ýerleşýän çöllük ýerleriň ekologik ulgamlaryny öwrenmek, goramak we öňki derejesine getirmek maksady bilen döredildi. Ol Türkmenistanyň Lebap welaýatynyň Farap, Darganata we Seýdi etraplarynyň çäklerinde ýerleşýär. Goraghana üç bölekden: sag kenarda Gyzgala-Nargyz, çep kenarda Görelde we Gabakly böleklerden durýar. Goraghananyň häzirki meýdany (akwatoriýany goşmak bilen) - 49,5 müň ga. Goraghananyň garamagynda Kelif döwlet aw zakaznigi bar. Ol 1970-nji ýylda döredildi. Onuň meýdany 103 müň gektar. Zakaznigiň haýyrly ýerleri guşlaryň höwürtgelemegine, gyşlamagyna we olaryň 200-den gowrak görnüşiniň göçüş döwri düşlemegine uly ýardam edýär.
Goraghanada jülgeli we arnaly tokaýlyklar, gyrymsy agaç ösümlikleri bilen örtülen we ýarymörtülen ulgam-depeli çägeler, aklaň çägeler, şorluklar gowy görkezilendir.
Goraghananyň çägine Amyderýanyň suw ýüzüniň bölegi hem girýär. Şeýle-de bu ýerde sil suwundan ýygnalýan wagtlaýyn suw howdanlary hem bar.
Goraghananyň bölekleri Turan pesliginiň Demirgazyk landşaft raýonynyň çöl zolagynda ýerleşýär we yssy, gurak howasy bilen häsiýetlendirilýär. Goraghana golaý ýerlerde howanyň ortaça temperaturasy ýyl boýunça +10° dan demirgazyga, +15° günorta çenli bolup, absolýut minimumy - 31° we maksimumy +45° bolýar. Iýul aýynyň ortaça temperaturasy +29°, ýanwaryňky 0,40 bolýar. Gar örtügi 5-8 sm. galyňlykda örän seýrek bolýar we 10 günden köp durmaýar. Şemalyň ýagdaýy ýylyň bütin dowamynda ýokarlygy bilen häsiýetlendirilýär, tozanly tupan ýylyň dowamynda 19-20 gün, kä wagtlar ondan hem köp bolýar.
Goraghana döredileni bäri ýokary derejeli ösümlikleriň 200-e golaý görnüşi aýan edildi. Tokaý florasy garyplygy bilen tapawutlanyp, bu ýerde bary-ýogy ösümlikleriň 86 görnüşi anyklanyldy, olaryň diňe 15 görnüşi adatydyr. Olara deregiň iki görnüşi - pette we toraňňy, igde, jungar söwüdi, ýylgyn, çemiş, buýan, adaty gamyş, hyşa, kendir, şorçaýyr degişlidir. Däneliler, çylşyrymlygülliler we ýylgynlar dürli görnüş aýratynlyklary bilen tapawutlanýar. Bu ýerdäki tokaýlygyň gyrymsy agaçlary we iri otlary geçip bolmajak jeňňellikleri döredýärler.
Çöl bölekleriniň ösümlik dünýäsi tokaýlara garanda baýdyr. Görnüş baýlygy boýunça birinji ýeri Merkezi Aziýanyň çöl ýerlerine mahsus bolan selmeler eýeleýär. Atanakgülliler, çylşyrymlygülliler we kösükliler görnüşleriniň sany boýunça köpdürler. Çölüň ösümlik örtüginiň esasyny ak sazak, borjak, gandymlar, sözen, şoralar, şeýle hem köp sanly efemerler düzýär.
Goraghananyň territoriýasynda Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilen ösümlikleriň görnüşleri bellenilen däldir. Seýrek girizilen ösümlikleriň görnüşleri bellenilen däldir. Seýrek duş gelýän görnüşlere çöl kriptodiskusy, Bergiň gaz sogany, çal ýaprakly süýtleňňiç, çöl şorasy, Koganyň bergiýasy degişli.
Goraghananyň haýwanat dünýäsi köp dürlüligi bilen tapawutlanýar. Oňurgasyz haýwanlar faunasy birnäçe ýüz görnüşden durýar. Möýleriň 80 görnüşi ýüze çykaryldy, köpüsi ilkinji sapar tapyldy. Mör-möjekleriň içinde tomzaklar bilen kebelekler köpräk öwrenilendir. Tokaýlaryň mör-möjek faunasy gowy öwrenilendir, olaryň içinde has hem garynjalar we wyžlaýan tomzaklar agdyklyk edýär.
Agaçlarda uzynburun tomzaklar köp duş gelýär. Çölde görnüş aýratynlyklarynyň köplügi we köpsanlylygy boýunça jik-jik tomzagy, gijeki kebelekler, torjumak ganatlylar, garynjalar tapawutlanýarlar. Şeýle hem wyžlaýan tomzaklar köp duş gelýärler. Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilen görnüşlerden agaç hudaýatysy, Boliwariýn hudaýatysy, altynokat tomzagy, toraňňynyň serhoş kebelegi, toraňňynyň pile egriji kebelegi goraghanada duş gelýär.
Amyderýanyň kanallaryň, kollektorlaryň suwunda balyklaryň 44 sany görnüşi ýaşaýar, olardan bekre balygy, uly we kiçi amyderýa pilburny, çortan şekilli akmarka Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Pilburun we bekre balyklary Tabigaty goramagyň halkara soýuzynyň (TGHS) Gyzyl kitabyna hem girizildi.
Ýerde we suwda ýaşaýanlaryň goraghanada iki görnüşi bar - ýaşyl gurlawuk we köl gurbagasy. Goraghananyň faunasynda süýrenijileriň 28 görnüşi bolup, olar esasan çöl ýerlerde duş gelýärler. Olaryň içinde sähra pyşdyly, sähra hažžygy, gum patmasy, torjumak suwulgany, okýylany köpsanlydyr. Ýurdumyzyň iň uly suwulgany, - zemzen we göklors Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi.
Goraghananyň territoriýasynda ýylyň dürli möwsümlerinde guşlaryň 250-ä golaý görnüşi ýaşaýar. Bu köp görnüşlige goraghananyň göçüş döwründe uçup geçýän guşlaryň ýolunda bolmagy sebäp bolýar. Guşlaryň 105-e golaý görnüşi goraghanada höwürtgeleýär. Goraghananyň çäginde hemişe ýaşaýan guşlaryň biri hem amyderýa sülgünidir. Gorag düzgüniniň birkemsiz berjaý edilýändigi üçin onuň sany goraghananyň tokaýlarynda artdy. Tokaýda köplenç buhara jikjikisini, akganat daşdeşenini, gijelerine gygyrýan melemtil sary hüwüjigini görmek bolýar. Kertlerde gögerçinler, kürkürekler, gökgargalar, hüýpüpikler höwürtgeleýärler. Howdanlaryň boýunda hokgarlar, suw serçeleri, çuluklar duş gelýärler. Ýuwaş-ýuwaşdan halkaly gumrular goraghananyň territoriýasyny eýeläp başlady. Höwürtgeleýän görnüşlerden bürgüt, ýylançy gyrgy, ütelgi, hüwi, sähra göwenegi, mermer ördegi, togdary, çakryk Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Tebigaty goramagyň halkara soýuzynyň (TGHS) Gyzyl kitabyna sähra göwenegi, mermer ördegi girizldi.
Süýdemdirijiler 41 görnüşden ybaratdyr. Toýnaklylardan tokaýda ýabany doňuz we buhara suguny, çölde - keýik ýaşaýar. Soňky iki görnüş Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi, şeýle hem buhara TGHS-nyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi.
Süýdemdirijiler 41 görnüşden ybaratdyr. Toýnaklylardan tokaýda ýabany doňuz we buhara suguny, çölde - keýik ýaşaýar. Soňky iki görnüş Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi, şeýle hem buhara suguny TGHS-nyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Tebigaty goramagyň halkara soýuzynyň (TGHS) Gyzyl kitabyna sähra göwenegi, mermer ördegi girizildi.
Süýdemdirijiler 41 görnüşden ybaratdyr. Toýnaklylardan tokaýda ýabany doňuz we buhara suguny, çölde - keýik ýaşaýar. Soňky iki görnüş Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizldi, şeýle hem buhara suguny TGHS-nyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi. Haçanda bahar aýlary çöllerde ýaňy otlar gögerip başlanda, doňuzlar we sugunlar çöle çykýarlar. Goraghananyň territoriýasynda goragyň netijesinde buhara sugunynyň sany durnuklylygyna galýar we olaryň sany 30-40 aralygynda üýtgäp durýar. Ýyrtyjy süýdemdirijilerden şagal, tilki, torsuk, sähra pişigi, alajagözen adatydyr, Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilen garagulak we segaby hem bu ýerde duşýar. Gemrijilerden sany boýunça alakalar we öý syçany köpdür. Uly, ikindi we gyzyl guýruk alakalary, esasan çölde duşýar, tokaýda köp bolmadyk ýylgyn alakasy ýaşaýar. Şeýle-de beýleki çöl ýaşaýjylary - ýumran, tüýlek aýakly atýalman hem adatydyr. Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizilen hindi oklykirpisiniň sany örän azaldy. Towşan giň ýaýrandyr. Mör-möjek bilen iýmitlenýän süýdemdirijilerden gulakly kirpi tokaýda ýaşaýan kiçi uzuntumşuklyja, çöl ýaşaýjysy alasyçan adatydyr. Goraghananyň territoriýasynda göçýän ýarganatlardan - çypar agşamçy tapyldy. Ol Türkmenistanyň Gyzyl kitabyna girizildi.
1999-njy ýyldan bäri goraghana “Buhara sugunynyň populýasiýasynyň tebigy ýaşaýan ýeriniň goragyny goldamak” diýen taslama boýunça işleýär. Taslama Ýabany Tebigatyň Bütündünýä Fondy tarapyndan maliýeleşdirilýär. Amyderýa goraghanasynda buhara sugunynyň ýaşaýan ýerleriniň goragyny güýçlendirmek üçin inspektorlaryň işine gerek bolan zerur zatlar üpjün edilýär. Lebap welaýatynyň mekdeplerinde “Buhara suguny - Türkmenistanyň gözelligi we buýsanjydyr” - diýen temadan surat çekmek, düzme ýazmak ýaly, bäsleşikler geçirilýär we habar ýaýradyjy kitapçalar çykarylýar.
Ylmy-barlag işleriniň netijeleri boýunça birnäçe ylmy-çeper makalalar çap edildi, täze aýratyn goralýan ýerleri döretmäge bäş sany delilnamalar taýýarlanyldy. Goraghananyň ygtyýaryndaky sebitiň çäklerinde ylmy stasionarlaryň seti ýola goýuldy. Oňurgaly haýwanlaryň görnüş düzümi we ýaýramagy öwrenildi, olaryň sanyna gözegçilik edilýär. 1996-njy ýyldan başlap goraghana “Parklaryň Ýörişi” atly halkara baýramçylygyna gatnaşýar. Bahar güllerini goramak, balyjyklary halas etmek, pyşdyllary goramak, tebigaty zibillerden arassalamak ýaly tebigaty goraýjy aksiýalar geçirilýär.
Tebigaty goramak temasyna degişli surat we düzme bäsleşiklerini, surat sergisini guraýarlar. 1999-njy ýylyň iýun aýynda Amyderýa goraghanasynyň muzeýi döredildi. Muzeý eksponatlary goraghananyň işgärleriniň güýji bilen toplandy. Muzeý ekspoziýasynda süýrenjileriň we guşlaryň görnüşleriniň gäpleriniň 15 sanysy, şol sanda zemzen we hüwi, garagulagyň hamy, sugun şahy, keýigiň, ýabany doňuzyň we şagalyň kelleçanagy, guşlaryň höwürtgesi, gadymy daşa öwrülen tiken bedenliler, balykgulak, gadymy akulalaryň dişleri, oňurgasyz haýwanlaryň 255 görnüşiniň we ösümlikleriň 35 görnüşiniň kolleksiýasy bardyr. Goraghananyň muzeýini görmäge okuwa çenli çagalar we mekdep okuwçylary, başga şäherlerden, ýurtlardan syýahatçylar gezelenje köp gelýärler. Goraghana - bu ýerde saklanyp galan tokaýlaryň ekologik ulgamlaryny goramakda hem habar ýaýradyjy merkez bolup durýar.
Absolýut gara jisim
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Parahat
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[[Image:AbsolyutGaraJisim.png|framed|right|Absolýut gara jisimde şöhläniň herekedi]]
'''Absolýut gara jisim''' - tolkun uzynlygyna baglanşyklysyzlykda, öz üstüne düşýän ähli şöhlelenme akymyny islendik temperaturada doly siňdirýän jisim. Absolýut gara jisim himiýa düzümine garamazdan, temperatura baglylykda tolkun uzynlygy dürli bolan ýagtynyň we energiýanyň spektlerini şöhlelendirip biler. Absolýut gara jisime deň gelýän jisim ýokdur. Eger jisimiň üstüni gurum gatlagy ýa-da platina garasy bilen örtseň, onda onuň siňdirme ukyplylygy ýagty spektriniň uzak infragyzyl böleginde bire ýakyndyr. Praktikada absolýut gara jisimi içi boş, diwarlarynda ýylylygy geçirmeýän diňe bir kiçijik deşikli kamerada amala aşyrmak mümkün. Şol kiçijik deşikden şöhle kameranyň içine düşüp, birnäçe gezek döwülýär we yzyna gaýtarylýar. Şöhläniň şol deşikden çykyp, yzyna gaýtmagynyň ähtimallygy örän ujypsyz bolmagyna görä, şol şöhle kameranyň içinde doly siňdirilýär diýip alynýar. Absolýut gara jisimiň ýagty goýbermegini öwrenmek kwant teoriýasyny döretmekde uly rol oýnady. Absolýut gara jisim belli häsiýetli şöhläniň çeşmesi bolany üçin, ol kwant etalony hökmünde ulanylýar.
[[Category:Fizika]] [[Category:Optika]]
Category:Optika
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2006-11-19T11:05:59Z
Parahat
8
Optika mowzugyna degişli materiýallar.
Image:AbsolyutGaraJisim.png
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2006-11-19T11:11:27Z
Parahat
8
Absolýut gara jisimde şöhläniň herekedi.
Absolýut gara jisimde şöhläniň herekedi.
Absolýut geometriýa
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2006-11-19T11:27:58Z
Parahat
8
'''Absolýut geometriýa''' - Parallellikler hakyndaky postulata bagly bolmadyk, Ýewklidiň we Lobaçewskiniň geometriýasy üçin umumy bolan geometrik pikir ýöretmeleriň toplumynyň ady.
==Serediň==
[[Ýewklidiň geometriýasy]] <br>
[[Lobaçewskiniň geometriýasy]]
[[Category:Geometriýa]]
Category:Geometriýa
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2006-11-19T11:28:45Z
Parahat
8
Geometriýa mowzuklary bilen baglanyşykly makalalar.
Absolýut goşmaça gymmat
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'''Absolýut goşmaça gymmat''' - goçmaça gymmat öndürmegiň bir görnüşi, kapitalistik kärhanalarda iş gününi uzaltmagyň hasabyna alynýan goşmaça gymmat. Karl Marksyň görkezişi ýaly, kapitalistik önümçilik diňe bir haryt öndürmek bolman, eýsem ol öz asyl manysy boýunça, goşmaça gymmat öndürmekdir. Goşmaça gymmat öndürmegiň, esasan, iki usuly: absolýut w e ''otnositel goşmaça gymmat'' öndürmek usuly bar. "İş gününi uzaldyp, işçiniň öz işçi güýjüniň gymmatlygynyň diňe ekwiwalentini öndürip bilýän çäklerinden çykarylmagy we bu goşmaça zähmetiň kapital tarapyndan eýelenmegi - absolýut goşmaça gymmatyň öndürilişi ine şundan ybaratdyr. Absolýut goşmaça gymmatyň öndürilmegi kapitalistik sistemanyň ähliumumy, esasy we otnositel goşmaça gymmatyň öndürilmeginiň ugur alyş punkty bolup durýar" ([[Karl Marks]], Kapital, 1-nji tom, 1 kitap, TDN, [[Aşgabat]] 1962, 555-556 sahypalar).
[[Category:Ykdysadyýet]]
Category:Ykdysadyýet
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Parahat
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Ykdysadyýet mowzuklaryna degişli materiallar.
Absolýut ýygnalma
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'''Absolýut ýygnalma''' - hatarlaryň we integrallaryň ýygnalma görnüşi. Eger-de san hatarlarynyň '''(<math>u_1 + u_2 + ...u_n + ...</math>)''' çlenleriniň absolýut ululyklaryndan düzülen hatar '''<math>\left|u_1\right| + \left|u_2\right| + ... + \left|u_n\right| + ...</math>''' ýygnalsa, onda ol san hatarlaryna absolýut ýygnalýan hatar diýilýär. Absolýut ýygnalýan hatarlaryň häsiýetleri gutarnykly jemleriň häsiýetlerine meňzeşdir. Goşmak we çlenme-çlen köpeltmek boýunça absolýut ýygnalan hatarlar halka emele getirýär.
Eger <math>I = \int_0^\infty f(x)\,dx</math> bilen birlikde <math>I = \int_0^\infty \left|f(x)\right|\,dx</math> ýygnalsa, onda '''''I'''''-e absolýut ýygnalan integral diýilýär.
[[Category:Matematika]] [[Category:Algebra]] [[Category:Integrallar]]
[[de:Absolute Konvergenz]]
[[en:Absolute convergence]]
[[es:Convergencia absoluta]]
[[fr:Convergence absolue]]
Category:Matematika
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2006-11-19T12:40:53Z
Parahat
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Matematika degişli makalalar.
Category:Algebra
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2006-11-19T12:41:27Z
Parahat
8
Algebra degişli makalalar.
Category:Integrallar
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2006-11-19T12:41:50Z
Parahat
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Integralla baradaky makalalar.
Absolýut ideýa
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2006-11-20T13:13:48Z
Parahat
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'''Absolýut ideýa''' - obýektiw ideýalizmiň pelsepe sistemasynda esasy düşünjeleriň biri. Onuň esasy wekilleri belli nemes filosofy Gegel we onuň pelsepe sistemasyny dowam etdirijilerdir. Obýektiw ideýalizmiň beýleki görnüşleri ýaly, absolýut ideýa hem tebigatdaky we jemgyýetdäki hemme zatlary döreden, olaryň ýaşamagyny, üýtgemegini kesgitleýän maddy dünýäden ýokary bir ruhy başlangyçdyr diýip ykrar edýär. Obýektiw idealistler ol ruhy başlangyja baky ideýa, dünýä ruhy, dünýä erki diýýärler. Gegeliň Absolýut ideýasynyň beýleki obýektiw idealistik taglymatlardan düýpli tapawudy - onuň pelesesiniň dialektiki idealizm sistemasy bolanlygydyr. Marksizmiň düýbüni tutujylar Gegeliň pelsepesiniň gymmatly tarapyny - dialektikasynyň peýdaly ýerini tankydy analiz esasynda alyp, onuň mistiki, idealistik taraplaryny taşladylar. Absolýut ideýa düşünjesi adamlaryň özünden üzňeleşdirilen hem absolýutlaşdyrylan adam paýhasydyr diýip, dialektiki materializm görkezýär.
[[Category:Pelsepe]]
Absolýut nol
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2006-11-20T13:19:57Z
Parahat
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'''Absolýut nol''' - absolýut temperaturany hasaplamagyň başlangyjy. Absolýut nol suwuň üçlük nokadynyň temperaturasyndan 273,16 ''K'' aşakda ýerleşýär. Absolýut nol maddanyň ideallaşdyrylan ýagdaýyny häsiýetlendirýär. Sebäbi absolýut nol ýagdaýda maddanyň molekulalary tertipsiz ýylylyk hereketine eýe bolman, madda nolunjy energiýa eýe bolýar. Absolýut nola ýetmek mümkin däl, ýöne kiçi göwrümlerde oňa ýakyn temperatura alyp bolýar.
[[Category:Himiýa]] [[Category:Fizika]]
Category:Himiýa
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2006-11-20T13:23:00Z
Parahat
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Himiýa degişli materiýallar.
Absolýut renta
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2006-11-20T13:47:02Z
Parahat
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'''Absolýut renta''' - kapitalistik ýer rentasynyň bir formasy. Absolýut renta diffrenssial rentadan tapawutlylykda, ýere hususy eýeçiligiň monopoliýasy bilen şertlendirilýär. Sowet sossializmi ýere hususy eýeçiligi ýatyrdy we ýeriň umumylaşdyrylmagy bilen absolýut rentany ýatyrdy.
[[Category:Ykdysadyýet]]
Absolýut temperatura
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2006-11-20T15:06:17Z
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'''Absolýut temperatura''' - absolýut noldan başlap hasaplanýan temperatura. Absolýut temperatura düşünjesi 1848-nji ýylda iňlis fizigi U. Tomson ([[Lord Kelwin]]) tarapyndan ylma girizildi.
[[Category:Fizika]]
Tempate:Mazmuny
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2006-11-20T15:24:38Z
Ga1taman
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<span style="font-size:130%">'''::''' [[Wikipedia:Mazmuny|'''Mazmuny''']]</span><br> [[Special:Allpages/#|'''#''']] [[Special:Allpages/A|'''A''']] [[Special:Allpages/B|'''B''']] [[Special:Allpages/C|'''C''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ç|'''Ç''']] [[Special:Allpages/D|'''D''']] [[Special:Allpages/E|'''E''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ä|'''Ä''']] [[Special:Allpages/F|'''F''']] [[Special:Allpages/G|'''G''']] [[Special:Allpages/H|'''H''']] [[Special:Allpages/I|'''I''']] [[Special:Allpages/J|'''J''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ž|'''Ž''']] [[Special:Allpages/K|'''K''']] [[Special:Allpages/L|'''L''']] [[Special:Allpages/M|'''M''']] [[Special:Allpages/N|'''N''']] [[Special:Allpages/O|'''O''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ö|'''Ö''']] [[Special:Allpages/P|'''P''']] [[Special:Allpages/Q|'''Q''']] [[Special:Allpages/R|'''R''']] [[Special:Allpages/S|'''S''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ş|'''Ş''']] [[Special:Allpages/T|'''T''']] [[Special:Allpages/U|'''U''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ü|'''Ü''']] [[Special:Allpages/V|'''V''']] [[Special:Allpages/W|'''W''']] [[Special:Allpages/X|'''X''']] [[Special:Allpages/Y|'''Y''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ý|'''Ý''']] [[Special:Allpages/Z|'''Z''']]
Template:Mazmuny
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2006-11-20T16:20:00Z
Ga1taman
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<span style="font-size:130%">'''::''' [[Wikipedia:Mazmuny|'''Mazmuny''']]</span><br>
[[Special:Allpages/#|'''#''']] [[Special:Allpages/A|'''A''']] [[Special:Allpages/B|'''B''']] [[Special:Allpages/C|'''C''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ç|'''Ç''']] [[Special:Allpages/D|'''D''']] [[Special:Allpages/E|'''E''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ä|'''Ä''']] [[Special:Allpages/F|'''F''']] [[Special:Allpages/G|'''G''']] [[Special:Allpages/H|'''H''']] [[Special:Allpages/I|'''I''']] [[Special:Allpages/J|'''J''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ž|'''Ž''']] [[Special:Allpages/K|'''K''']] [[Special:Allpages/L|'''L''']] [[Special:Allpages/M|'''M''']] [[Special:Allpages/N|'''N''']] [[Special:Allpages/O|'''O''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ö|'''Ö''']] [[Special:Allpages/P|'''P''']] [[Special:Allpages/Q|'''Q''']] [[Special:Allpages/R|'''R''']] [[Special:Allpages/S|'''S''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ş|'''Ş''']] [[Special:Allpages/T|'''T''']] [[Special:Allpages/U|'''U''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ü|'''Ü''']] [[Special:Allpages/V|'''V''']] [[Special:Allpages/W|'''W''']] [[Special:Allpages/X|'''X''']] [[Special:Allpages/Y|'''Y''']] [[Special:Allpages/Ý|'''Ý''']] [[Special:Allpages/Z|'''Z''']]
Magtymguly Pyragy
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83.29.236.203
Redirecting to [[Magtymguly]]
#redirect [[Magtymguly]]
Nurmuhammed Andalyp
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Nurmuhammet Andalyp
(1660-1740)
Taryhçy, terjimeçi, filosof türkmen edebiýatynyň taryhynda ilkinji dessançy şahyr diýip tanalýan Nurmuhammet Andalyp alymlaryň täze barlaglar boýunça Ýylanly etrabynyň Garmazy obasynda eneden dogulyp 1740-nji ýylda aradan çykypdyr.
Nurmuhammet türkmeniň düýeçi tiresiniň Seýilhan neslindendir. Onuň atasynyň adyna Akmuhammet, kakasynyň adyna Seýitmuhammet ýa-da Seýitahmet, ejesiniň adyna bolsa Hansoltan diýer ekenler.
Şahyr özüniň ady we ýaşan ýerleri barada “Ýusup-Züleýha” dessanynda şeýle ýazýar:
“Ismim idi Nurmuhammet Garyp,
Sözde Tahallusym idi Andalyp,”
Şahyryň ýaşlygy Garamaly obasynda geçýär. Ol ilki oba mekdebinde soň bolsa, Hywada medrese bilimini alypdyr. Onuň Bagdatda okanlygy baradada maglumatlar bar. Şahyr okuwyň daşyndan Gündogar edebiýatynyň klassyklaryny ylmy-filosofik işlerini halk döredijilik eserlerini yhlas bilen okap, öz döwrüniň ylym bilimini kämil ele alan adam bolup ýetişýär.
Nurmuhammediň esasy kesp-käri daýhançylyk hem agaç ussaçylygy bolupdyr. Ol kakasyndan öwrenen daýhançylyk işleri bilen bir hatarda oba adamlaryna araba, jykyr ýaşaşmak hem meşgullanýardy.Nurmuhammet ýaşaýyş-durmuşy bilen baglanyşdyryp, özüne Garyp diýen lakamy alypdyr. Gül atly gyzy söýüp, özüni onuň yşkynda saýraýan bilbil hasaplamak bilen Andalyp (Bilbil) diýen edebi lakamy göteripdir.
Nurmuhammet-Andalybyň nebereleri barada takyk maglumat ýok diýerlikdir.
Şükür Bagşy
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[[1831]]de dogyldy we [[1928]]de wepat boldy.
Şükür bagşynyñ ady rowaýata öwrüldi.Ol saz çalyjy – dörediji ussat bolup, Türkmen sazynyñ taryhynda uly yz galdyran adam.
Onuñ Eýran Hanynyñ bagşysy bilen ýaryşyp,agasyny halas edişi dilden-dile geçip,biziñ günlerimize ýetdi.
Şükür bagşynyñ atasy Dowada aga Gökdepe etrabynyñ Hurmantgökje obasynda ýaşapdyr.Şüküriñ atasy daýhançylyk bilen meşgul bolupdyr.
Dowada aganyñ 3 ogly bolýar.Ulysy Hojamämmet daýhançylyk bilen iş salysypdyr.Ortanjy ogly Hojamberdi izçi bolupdyr.Dowada aganyñ kiçi ogly Şükür sazanda bolupdyr. Şükür bagşynyñ saz öwrenmekde ilkinji mugallam bolan Aly bagşydyr.
Ol Şükür sazandanyñ kämilleşmgine degerli ýardym edipdir. Şükür bagşy şol döwrüñ ady belli sazandasy Garadäli gökleñden(sazanda hem dutar ýasaýan belli ussta)hem tälim alypdyr.Garadäli gökleñ Şükür bagşa kümüş çaýylan oñat dutar ýasap beripdir.
Beýik ussat pata alan Şükür bagşyGökdepe,Mary,Hiwa ülkelerinde saz çalyp,halka uly hyzmat edýär. Şükür bagşynyñ köp sazlary entek näbelli bolsa-da onuñ ilki döreden “ Salmadan bökdüreni“ , Söýli halany“ şu güne çenli adamlary biperwaý galdyrmaýar. Şükür bagşy Gökdepe etrabynda dogulanam bolsa,bütün ömrüni Duşak obasynda geçirip, 1928 nji ýylda şol ýerde aradan çykýar.
Kyýat han
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[[Kümüşdepe]]de ýa-da [[Esenguly]]da,takminan,[[1754]]nji ýylda eneden dogulýar.[[Kaspi deñizi]]niñ kenarýakasyndaky
Türkmenleriñ hany,oña Kyýat beg,Gyýat beg,Kyýas beg hem diýilyär.
Kyýat hanyñ ömrüniñ irki döwri barada maglumatlar mälim däl.Ol garamaýak halkdan saýlanyp çykan demirçi ussanyñ ogly.Özi hem ussaçylyk bilen meşgullanypdyr.ýaşap geçen ýerleri Kümüşdepe,Esenguly, [[Çeleken]] etraplarydyr.Kyýat hanyñ Ýagşymämet (Ýagşymuhammet),kadyrmämet atly ogullary bolupdyr.Onuñ ady ilkinji gezek [[1813]]nji ýylda peýda bolýar.[[Etrek]] [[Gürgen]] Türkmenleri şol ýyl [[Fatali şa]]nyn garşysyna uly gozgalañ turuz- ýarlar we Patyşah [[Russiýa]]synyñ [[Russiýa-Eýran urşy|Russiýa-Eýran urşuna]] gatnaşýan kafkazdaky goşunlary bilen gatnaşyk açýarlar .
Russiýa-Eýran uruşy gutaryp,Gülüstan şertnamasyna gol çekilende,Kyýat han öz egindeşleri bilen şol ýerde -di .Kyýat han özünñ ýakyn adamlary bilen wekil hökmünde geplesik geçirmek üçin [[Kafkaz]]a iberilýär.
Şondan soñra onuñ ady taryhy meşhurlyk gazanýar.Ol Türkmenlerniñ Russiýa raýatlygyna geçmeginiñ tarapdary bolup çykyş edýär.[[Astrahan]],[[Baku]] we [[Eýran]] bilen söwdany ýaýbañlandyryp,uly baýlyk gazanyp,kenarýaka Türkmenlerniñ hanyna öwürilýär.
Kyýat han 1819-21nji ýyllarda M.I.Ponomarýowiñ we N.N.Marawýowiñ,1836nji ýyllarda G.S.Karaliniñ ekspediýalaryna köp ýardam berendigi ,Teblisdäki Kafkaz dikmelriniñ ýanyna ençeme gezek baryp,Russiýanyñ raýatlygyna geçmek barada tagalla edendigi,Patyşah Russiýasynyñ öñünde beýleki bitiren hyzmatlary üçin Medal,gymmat bahaly sogatlar bilen sylaglanýar.
19nji asryñ 20-30nji ýyllarynda Kyýat han we onuñ ogullary Astrabat,Mazandyran,Gilan bilen Bakunyñ,Astrahan arasynda deñiz ýollary arkaly bolup geçýän söwda gatnaşyklarynda esasy täjirleriñ birine öwrülip,barlyşyksyz bäsdeşlik göreşine gatnaşýar.Şol söwda bäsdeşligi ýaramaz netijeler getirýär.Kyýat hanyñ söwdasy bolaşýar.
Deñizde we kenarda alamançylyk,Talañçylyk güýçlenýär,täjirler öldürilýär.Şeýlelik bilen,[[Russiýa-Eýran gatnaşyklary]] ýitileşýär.Bu gapma-garşylyklaryñ ýitileşmeginiñ esasy sebäbi şol döwürde,el degirilmedik baýlyklaryñ ummasyz zapaslarynyñ barlygydyr.
Bu baýlyklara eýe bolmak üçin bir tarapdan Russiýa,beýleki tarapdan Eýran bilen kyýat hanyñ arasynda barlyşyksyz göreş başlanýar.
Bu göreşde kyýat hanyñ garşysyna has duşmançylykly hereketi asly Eýranly,ýöne söwda bähbitleri üçin [[Rus]] raýatyna geçip,[[Masihi dini]] kabul eden Mir bagyrof amala aşyrýardy.Onuñ maksady şu söwda ýolundan kyýat hany aýyrmakdy,ony ýok etmekdi.
Wagtyñ geçmegi bilen kyýat han we onuñ ogullary hakykatdanam hem söwda meýdanyndaky bäsdeşligiñ pidasi bolýar.
Şowsyzlyklara garamazdan,Kyýat han kenar ýakasynda ýaşaýan Türkmenlerniñ Eýran şalarynyñ zülüminden azat bolmagy üçin Russiýa raýtlygynyñ geçmek ugrunda göreşýär.Muña uzak wagtlap baştutanlyk edýär.
Bu hereket Russiýa-Eýran uruşy tamamlanandan soñ has hem giñ gerim alýar.Patyşah hökümeti kyýat hanyñ haýyşy boýunça kenarýaka Türkmenlere azar bermezligi telim gezek Eýran hökümetine düýdüryar.
1836nji ýylda günbatar [[Türkmenistan]]y öwrenmek bahanasy bilen,G.S.Kareliniñ ýolbaşçylygynda ýörite Rus ekspediýasy gelýär.Kyýat han we kenar ýakasyndaky Türkmenler ekspedisiýany gowy garşylap;oña kömek edýärler.Şol ýylyñ iýulynda Esengulyda bütün Etrk-gürgen [[ýomut]]larynyñ uly geñeşi bolup geçýär.Bu geñeşiñ guramaçysy Kyýat handy.
Geñeşe gatnaşan kazylar,Han-Begler Russiýa hökümetiniñ adyna ýüzlenme kabul edip,ony G.S.Kareline gowşurýarlar.20777 sany maşgala özleriniñ Russiýanyñ raýatlygyna kabul edilmegini haýyş edýär.
1821nji ýylda Kyýat han bir ogluny Teblisdäki [[aziýa]]lylar üçin açylan gimnaziýa okuwa iberýär.Beýleki ogly Kadyrmämedi we agtyklaryny Teblisiniñ,[[Sankt-peterburg]]yñ okuw jaýlarynda okadýar,Terbiýeletýär. Kyýat hanyñ özüniñ ýörite öz adyna ýüzüne atyn suraty çekilen möhri bolupdyr.
1842nji ýylyñ tomsunda Kyýat hanyñ we onuñ ogullarynyñ täleýin ters gelýär.Kenar ýakasyndaky Türkmenleriñ Russiýa bilen ysnaşyp,söwda gatnaşyklaryny ösdürmeklerini,Russiýanyñ raýatyna geçmek hereketine Kyýat hanyñ we ogullarynyñ ýolbaşçylyk etmegi,Eýrany,hususan-da Muhammed şany ynjalyksyzlandyrýar.
Eýran şu tritoriýany hut öz ýerleri hasap edipdir.Şonuñ üçin hem Şah häkimleriher edip-hesip edip,Kyýat hany we onuñ ogullaryny ýok etmegiñ ýollaryny agtarýarlar.
Gülüstan we Türkmençaý şertnamalary boýunça Eýranyñ Kaspi deñizinde harby flot saklamaga haky ýokdy.
Duz,balyk,nebit satmakda Kyýat hana bäsdeşlik edýän Eýranly söwdägärleriniñ kömegi bilen dildüwşük gurulýar.Russ komandiri E.W.Putýatin 1842nji ýylyñ iýulynda ýagşymämedi (ýagşymuammedy )tussag edýär.
Ýaşynyñ soñunda oglunýñ tussag edilmegi Kyýat hana gaty agyr degýär.Ol 80 ýaşyndan geçen garrylygynyñ göz öñünde tutulmagyny,özüniñ we oglunýn watanyna göýberilmegini haýyş edip,Patyşah hökümetiniñ kafkazdaky häkimi genral P.Golowine arz ýazýar.
Oglunyñ tussag edilmeginde bir düşünişmezlik bolandyr diýip,ol Bakuwa gaýtýar.Alty aýlap Bakuwda garantinede bolýar.Onuñ arza üstüne arzalaryna,haýyşlaryna hiç kim gulak gabartmaýar.Kyýat hanyñ30 ýylyñ dowamynda Russ-Türkmen aragatnaşyklaryny berkitmekde bitiren hyzmatlary hasapa alynmaýar.Oña kömek edäýjek köne tanyşlary genral A.P.Ýermolof we N.N.Murawýof dekabristlar bilen aragatnaşykda bolandyklary üçin Nikolaý 1 gazabyna duçar bolupdyr.
Kyýat han1842nji ýylyñ 12nji dekabrynda Bakuwdan Teblise getirilýär.Kafkaz häkimleriI.Paskowiç,G.W.Pozen Ýaly genrallar ozallar Kyýat hany dabarly garşylap,oña hezzet-hormat edip ýören adamlardy.Ýöne welin bu gezek olar ony zyndana taşlatýarlar.
Kyýat han Teblisde 1843nji ýylyñ mart aýynyñ ortalarynda ejizläp,iki gözi gapylyp,89 ýaşynyñ içinde zyndanda aradan çykýar.
[[Category:Serdarlar we Hanlar]]
Category:Serdarlar we Hanlar
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[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Aba serdar
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16-nji asyrda Türkmenistaniň [[Etrek]], [[Gürgen]] etrapynda ýaşap geçen görnükli Türkmen serdary Aba serdar Türkmeniň okly taýpasynyň kethudasy bolupdyr.
Ol Türkmenistaniň geçmişinde ** [[Aba serdaryň gozgalaňy]] ** ady bilen belli bolan halk gozgalyňyna başarjak serkerde hökmünde ýolbaşçylyk edipdir. Bu gozgalaňyň döremegine halk köpçüliginiň çykgansyz jebir-sütemlere sezawar edilmegi sebäbi bolupdyr.
Türkmen halkyna siýasi taýdan ulya abraý getiripdir.Soň-soñlar Astarabat ülkesinde Türkmenleiň täsiri güýçli bolupdyr.Umuman, Aba serdar Türkmen halkynyň azatlygy, garaşsyzlygy ugrunda jan aýaman göreşen gaýduwsyz serkerde hökmünde tarih-da yz galdyran şahysdaryň biri-dir.
[[Category:Serdarlar we Hanlar]]
Template:Şahsyýet
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Parahat
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<includeonly><table class="infobox" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1ex; width: 242px; border: 1px solid #99B3FF; clear: right" cellspacing="4">
<tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><big>{{{Ady}}}</big></th></tr>
{{#if:{{{Surat|}}}|<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">{{{Surat|}}}<br /><small>{{{başy|}}}</small></td></tr>}}<!--
-->{{#if:{{{Doglan wagty|}}}|<tr><th>Doglan wagty</th><td>{{{Doglan wagty|}}}</td></tr>}}<!--
-->{{#if:{{{Ölen wagty|}}}|<tr><th>Ölen wagty</th><td>{{{Ölen wagty|}}}</td></tr>}}<!--
-->{{#if:{{{Doglan ýeri|}}}|<tr><th>Doglan ýeri</th><td>{{{Doglan ýeri|}}}</td></tr>}}<!--
-->{{#if:{{{Okuwy|}}}|<tr><th>Okuwy</th><td>{{{Okuwy|}}}</td></tr>}}<!--
-->{{#if:{{{Käri|}}}|<tr><th>Käri</th><td>{{{Käri|}}}</td></tr>}}
</table></includeonly><noinclude>
Ulanylyşy: (eger degişli yeri bilinmeyan bolsa, onda boş goyun)
<pre>
{{Şahsyýet|
Ady=|
Surat=|
Doglan wagty=|
Ölen wagty=|
Doglan ýeri=|
Okuwy=|
Käri=|
}}
</pre>
</noinclude>
[[Category:Wikipediýa Ýardam]]
Template:Baş sahypa başy
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<div style="width:100%;margin-top:+.7em;background-color:white;border:1px solid #8898BF;-moz-border-radius-topright:5px;-moz-border-radius-topleft:5px;">
<center>
{|style="width:97%;margin-top:+.7em;background-color:#FFA07A;border:0px solid #ccc"
|style="width:56%;color:#000"|
{|style="width:280px;border:solid 0px;background:none"
|-
|style="width:280px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;color:#000" |
<div style="top:+0.2em;font-size: 100%">Iň uly '''azat''' maglumat çeşmesi</div>
<div style="font-size:170%;border:none;margin: 0;padding:.1em;color:#000">[[Wikipediýa]] [[Wikipedia:Ýörelgeler|hoş geldiňiz]]. </div>
|}
<!-- wagt, makala sany we gözleg -->
|style="width:25%;font-size:100%;color:#000"|
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:100%;">[[{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}} ]] [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]]</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:100%;">Häzirki makala sany: [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]</div>
<center>
<inputbox>type=search2
width=20%
buttonlabel=Tap
searchbuttonlabel=Go
break=no
</inputbox>
</center>
|}<!-- yazgylar we linkler-->
{|style="width:100%;background:none;margin:"
|style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;color:#000"|Her mowzukda maglumat gözläp we goşup bilersiňiz. [[Help:Içindäkiler|Ýardam]] sahypasyndan kömek alyp, [[Wikipedia:Garalama|Garalamada]] tejribe geçirip bilersiňiz.<br>
<center>[[Wikipedia:Mazmuny|Mazmuny A-Z]] <big><b>·</big></b> [[Wikipedia:Ýörelgeler|Ýörelgeler]] <big><b>·</big></b> [[Wikipedia:Administrators|Administrator bolmak üçin]] <big><b>·</big></b> [[Special:Newpages|Täze Sahypalar]] <big><b>·</big></b> [[Çaýhana]]</center>
|}
</center>
</div>
Wikipediýa
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New page: '''Wikipedia''' birnäçe dilde [[2001]]-nji ýylda ýazylmaga başlandy. Örän gysga wagtyň içinde ol tanymal webtaslamasy boldy. Iňlis dilinde [[:en:Special:Statistics|600 müň]], b...
'''Wikipedia''' birnäçe dilde [[2001]]-nji ýylda ýazylmaga başlandy. Örän gysga wagtyň içinde ol tanymal webtaslamasy boldy. Iňlis dilinde [[:en:Special:Statistics|600 müň]], beýleki dillerde bolsa 800 müňden gowrak makala neşir edildi.
Template:Türk-Vikipedi
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[[Template:Türk-Vikipedi]] sahypasy [[Template:Türk-Wikipediýa]] sahypasyna göçürildi: türkmençeleşdirildi
#REDIRECT [[Template:Türk-Wikipediýa]]
Absolýut ululyk
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'''Absolýut ululyk''' (''modul'') - hakyky sanyň Absolýut ululygy san pložitel alamatda bolanda onuň özüne, san otrissatel alamatda bolsa, onuň garşylykly ululygyna deň. San nola deň bolanda, onuň Absolýut ululygy hem nola deň. ''a'' sanyň Absolýut ululygy <math>\left|a\right|</math> bilen bellenilýär.
==Myslallar==
1) <math>\left|-15\right| = \left|+15\right| = 15</math><br><br>
2) <math>\left|0\right| = 0</math>
<br><br>
3) <math> a + bi </math> kompleks sanyň (''a'' we ''b'' hakyky sanlar) Absolýut ululygy (ýa-da moduly) <math> + \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}</math> deň.
Meselem: <math>\left|i\right| = \left|-i\right| = 1</math>;<math>\left|4+3i\right| = 5</math>
[[Category:Matematika]] [[Category:Algebra]]
Absolýut hakykat
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New page: ==Seret==
[[Hakykat]]
==Seret==
[[Hakykat]]
Absolýut ýalňyşlyk
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New page: ==Seret==
[[Ýalňyşlyk]]
==Seret==
[[Ýalňyşlyk]]
Absolýutizm
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'''Absolýutizm''' (latynça: absolutus - garaşsyz, çäklendirilmedik) - absolýut monarhiýa; feodalizmiň dargap, kapitalistik gatnaşyklaryň dörän döwründe emele gelen iň soňky feodal döwlet formasy. Özüniň synpy mazmuny boýunça Absolýutizm asylzadalaryň, iri ýer eýeleri-mülkdarlaryň diktaturasydyr. Absolýutizmiň emele gelşi we ösüşi dürli ýurtlarda dürli-dürlidir. Ýöne Absolýutizm hemme ýerde feodalizmden kapitalizme geçiş döwründe emele geldi. Feodal jemgyýetiniň krizisiniň ýitileşmegi bilen feodalçylyk ekspluatassiýa garşy daýhanla gozgalaňlary giň gerim aldy we şäher garyplarynyň çykyşlary artdy. Şu şertlerde dworýanlar gatlagy öz agalygynyň ömrüni uzaltmak üçin ayk diktatura ýüz urmaga mejbur boldular. Bu diktaturanyň häsiýetli aýratynlygy agalyk ediji synpa gös-göni garaşly bolmady we ondan gatnaşyk boýunça özbaşdak, ýöne onuň bähbitlerini gyşarnyksyz goraýan güýçli döwlet serişdeleriniň döredilmegidir. Absolýutizm öz döwründe taryhy taýdan özgerdiji rol oýnady. Ol syýasy dagynyklygyň galyndylaryny ýok edip, feodal aýrylyşygyň soňuna çykdy, ýurdy ykdysady taýdan birleşdirdi we kapitalistik gatnaşyklaryň ösmegine ýardan etdi. Absolýut monarhiýa manifaktura önümçiligini ösdürmek üçin karz pul goýberdi, gümrük sistemasyny öz kontrollygyna aldy, merkantalizm syýasatyny ýöretdi we täze söwda bazarlaryny basyp almak üçin koloniýal uruşlar alyp bardy. Aziýa ýurtlarynyň köpüsinde kapitalistik gatnaşyklaryň haýal ösmegi zerarly Absolýutizm has uzaga çekdi. Buržuaziýanyň özmegi bilen absolýut monarhiýa özüniň özgerdiş häsiýetini ýitirdi, kapitalizmiň we bütin jemgyýetiň ösüşine päsgel berýän ýurdy dolandyryş şekline öwrüldi. Ösen kapitalistik ýurtlarda Absolýutizm buržuwa rewolýussiýalary netijesinde ýok edildi. Kapitalizmiň gowşak ösen ýurtlarynda, buržuwa proletarlaryň güýçlenmeginden gorkup, feodal absolýut monarhiýalar bilen dildüwüşige ýüz urdy we bu ýurtlarda absolýut monarhiýa buržuwanyň mülkdarlyk monarhiýasyna öwrüldi.
[[Category:Syýasat]]
Absorber
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'''Absorber''' - soruş işini amala aşyrýan enjamyň esasy apparaty. Absorber senagatyň himiýa, nebiti gaýtadan işleýän we beýleki pudaklarynda giňden ulanylýar.
[[Category:Gurallar]]
[[en:absorber]]
[[uk:Абсорбенти]]
Absorbssiýa
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robot Adding: da, es, it, nl, no, pt, ru, sl, sv, th Modifying: de, en, pl
'''Absorbssiýa''' (latynça absorptio - ýuwdulma, absorbeo - ýuwudýaryn) - gaz garyndysyndaky maddalary suwuklygyň ýuwutmak, siňdirmek prossesi. Absorbassiýa prossessinde absorbentiň tutuş göwrümi gatnaşýar we Absorbssiýa şol häsiýeti bilen hem ''adsorbssiýadan'' tapawutlanýar. Absorbssiýanyň tizligi suwuklyga siňdirilýän (ýuwdulýan) komponentiň gaz garyndysyndaky konssentrassiýasynyň suwuklykdakydan agdyklyk etmegine baglydyr. Eger siňdirilýän komponentiň gaz garyndysyndaky konssentrassiýasy ergindäki den pes bolsa, onda siňdirilýän komponent suwuklykdan çykyp giýär, ýagny ''desobsiýa'' geçýär. Basyşy artdyrmak we temperaturany peseltmek bilen maddalaryň Absorbssiýasyny güýçlendirmek bolýar. Senagatda köp prosessler, meselem: azot, sodanyi ýody, bromy öndürmek, howa gidýän senagat gazlaryny zyýanly galyndylardan arassalamak, uglewodorod gazlaryny saýlamak ýaly prossesler Absorbssiýa esasynda amala aşýar.
[[Category:Himiýa]] [[Category:Fizika]]
[[da:Absorption]]
[[de:Absorption (Chemie)]]
[[en:Absorption (chemistry)]]
[[es:Absorción (química)]]
[[fi:Absorptio]]
[[fr:Absorption]]
[[it:Absorbimento]]
[[ja:吸収]]
[[nl:Absorptie]]
[[no:Absorpsjon]]
[[pl:Absorpcja (fizyka)]]
[[pt:Absorção (fisiologia)]]
[[ro:Absorbţie]]
[[ru:Абсорбция]]
[[sk:Absorpcia]]
[[sl:Absorpcija]]
[[sv:Absorption]]
[[th:การดูดซึม]]
[[tl:Absorsyon]]
Abstinenssiýa
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8
New page: '''Abstinenssiýa''' (latynça abstinentia - saklanma) - arakhorlarda we neşekeşlerde içgi ýa-da neşe ýetmezçiliginde döreýän kesel. Abstinenssiýa arakhorlygyň, neşekeşligiň...
'''Abstinenssiýa''' (latynça abstinentia - saklanma) - arakhorlarda we neşekeşlerde içgi ýa-da neşe ýetmezçiliginde döreýän kesel. Abstinenssiýa arakhorlygyň, neşekeşligiň esasy alamatlarynyň biridir. Bu hili keselli adamlarda gowşaklyk, ysgynsyzlyk, kelleagyry, ýürek bulanma, tukatlyk, susluk, ukusyzlyk peýda bolup, olar ýatanlarynda basyrganýarlar.
[[Category:Lukmanlyk]]
Abstrakt zähmet
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Parahat
8
'''Abstrakt zähmet''' - harydy öndürmek üçin abstraktlaýyn kesgitlenýän umumy zähmet. Harydy öndürmek üçin sarp edilýän zähmet iki görnüşde, ýagny ''anyk zähmet'' we ''abstrakt zähmet'' görnüşinde ýüze çykýar. Haryt öndürijiler harytlarynyň dürli-dürlüsini öndürýärler we olary öz aralarynda çalyşýarlar. Ol harytlary çalyşmaga mümkinçilik berýän umumy zat bolsa adamyň olara siňdiren Absolýut zähmetidir, umuman, adam zähmetidir. Absolýut zähmet harydyň gymmatyny döredýär.
[[Category:Ykdysadyýet]]
Absissa
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New page: '''Absissa''' - nokadyň dekart koordinatlarynyň (serediň: ''[[Dekatyň koordinatlar sistemasy]]'') biri. Absissa köplenç ''X'' harpy bilen bellenilýär.
'''Absissa''' - nokadyň dekart koordinatlarynyň (serediň: ''[[Dekatyň koordinatlar sistemasy]]'') biri. Absissa köplenç ''X'' harpy bilen bellenilýär.
Absses
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'''Absses''' (latin dilinde ''abscessus'' - dömme)-iriňli baş. Absses dokumalara mikroblaryň ýa-da himiki maddalaryň düşmeginden döreýär. Absses dörän wagtynda organizmde keseliň ýerli we umumy alamatlary- agyry, çiş döreýär, gyzarýar, syrkawyň gyzgyny ýokarlanýar, kellesi agyrýar, ukysyzlyk, işdäsizlik, ysgynsyzlyk we başgalary peýda bolýar. Absses bedeniň daşyna ýarylanda ýeňil geçýär, içine ýarylanda has howply bolýar. Absses ilki dörän wagtynda gyzgyn kompres, sollýuks, kwars, antibiotikler, sulfanilamidler bilen bejerilýär. Iriň köp ýygnanyp, gaty dömende, operasiýa arkaly bejerilýär.
[[Category:Lukmanlyk]]
Abstraksiýa
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'''Abstraksiýa''' (latin dilinde ''abstractio'' - göçme) - akyl ýetirişiň esasy formalaryndan biri. Abstraksiýa zatlaryň köp dürli häsiýetlerinden we özara gatnaşyklaryndan ýeke birini pikirde saýlap alyp şöhlelendirmeden, beýlekilerini ünsden düşürmeden ybaratdyr. Abstraksiýanyň netijesinde predmetiň düýp mazmuny, möhüm taraplary takyklanylýar, düşünjeler hem kategoriýalar döreýär. Ylmy logikada Abstraksiýa ýüzleýlik manysynda hem ulanylýar.
[[Category:Pelsepe]]
Absurd
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New page: '''absurd''' (latin dilinde ''absurdus'' - manysyzlyk) -manysyz boş söz.
[[category:pelsepe]]
'''absurd''' (latin dilinde ''absurdus'' - manysyzlyk) -manysyz boş söz.
[[category:pelsepe]]
ABU ABDYLLAH MUHAMMET ibn Ahmet
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'''ABU ABDYLLAH MUHAMMET ibn Ahmet ibn Abu Bekir al-Mukaddasy, al-Makdisi '''(946/47 - takmynan 1000) - arap taryhçysy, geograf, syýahatçy. Ol [[Ýerusalim]]de doglypdyr. Yslam ýurtlarynyň köpüsinde diýen ýaly syýahat edipdir. Ol 985 ýylynda Samanitler üçin "Yklymy öwrenmek üçin iň oňat bölüniş" ("Ahsan at-takasym fi Marifat al-akalim") diýen iş ýazypdyr. Awtor soňra Fatimitler üçin onuň giňeldilen görnüşini taýýarlapdyr. Kitap 2 bölümden ybarat bolup, onda ilki umumy geografik, metodik, terminologik, awtobiografik häsiýetli maglumatlar berlipdir. Ondan soňra Arap ýarym adasy, Yrak, Akur (Mesopotamiýa we Arap Kiçi Aziýasy), Siriýa, Müsür, al-Magryp .. ýurtlary beýan edilipdir. Kitabyň II bölümi al-Maşryk, Horasan, Sejestan, Mawerannahr (Syrderýa we Amyderýa arasy), Deýlem (Gilýan), ar-Rihap (Azerbaýjan, Ermenistan, Kawkazlar), Jibal (Midiýa), Huzystan, Fars, Kerman we Sind ýurtlaryny öz içine alýar. Awtor her bir ýurdyň geografiýasyny, ilatyny we olaryň kärlerini, ykdysadyýetini, syýasy gurluşyny, peýdaly magdanlaryny, däp-dessurlaryny we ş.m jikme-jik beýan edipdir. Ol kitap Halifat ýurtlarynyň taryhyny, geçmişdäki geografiýasyny, ykdysadyýetini, medeniýetini we ş.m. öwrenmek üçin möhüm materialdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU ABDYLLAH MUHAMMET ibn Muhammet
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'''ABU ABDYLLAH MUHAMMET ibn Muhammet aş-Şerif al-Idrisi''' (1100-65) - arap geografy we syýahatçysy. Ol Seutda (Marokkada) doglyp, Kordowada okapdyr. Portugaliýa, Fransiýa, Angliýa, Kiçi Aziýa syýahat edip gelensoň, 1138 ýylynda Palermo göçüp, Sisiliýa koroly Rožer II-niň (1130-54) köşgünde bolupdyr. Onyň tabşyrygy bilen geografiýa boýunça iş ýazypdyr. Ol ömrüniň ahyrynda Seuta gaýdyp gelip, şol ýerde aradan çykypdyr. Awtor taryhy geografiýa we taryh boýunça gymmatly çeşme bolan "Welaýatlara syýahat edip ireniň güýmenjesi" ("Nuzhat al-muştak fi-htirak al-afak") diýen eser ýazypdyr. Ol eser Ýewropanyň, Afrikanyň we Aziýanyň käbir halklary barada gyzykly maglumatlar berýär. Awtor ýer ýüzüni 7 yklyma, her bir yklymy 10 bölege bölüp, her bir bölegiň kartasyny taýýarlapdyr. Onuň işiniň Afrika, Pireneý ýarym adasyna, Sisiliýa, Italiýa, Fransiýa, Şotlandiýa, Irlandiýa, Germaniýanyň welaýatlaryna, Balkan ýarym adasyna bagyşlap ýazylan bölegi has gymmatlydyr. Ol Aziýa baradaky materiallaryny ýazanda, özünden öňki alymlaryň işlerinden peýdalanypdyr. Onuň II ýygyndysy "Seýil-sapa bagy" ("Raud al-üns ba nuzhat an-nafs") bolup, ondan diňe käbir bölekler saklanyp galypdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
[[ar:الإدريسي]]
[[be:Ідрысі]]
[[bs:Al-Idrisi]]
[[da:Al-Idrisi]]
[[de:Al-Idrisi (Geograph)]]
[[en:Muhammad al-Idrisi]]
[[et:Muḩammad al-Idrīsī]]
[[es:Al-Idrisi]]
[[fr:Al Idrisi]]
[[hr:Al-Idrisi]]
[[id:Muhammad al-Idrisi]]
[[it:Idrisi]]
[[ms:Abu Abdallah Muhammad Al-Idrisi]]
[[no:Al-Idrisi]]
[[nn:Al-Idrisi]]
[[pl:Al-Idrisi]]
[[pt:Muhammad Al-Idrisi]]
[[ru:Аль-Идриси]]
[[scn:Al-Idrisi]]
[[sl:Al-Idrizi]]
[[fi:Abu Abdallah Mohammed Idrisi]]
[[tt:Âl-İdrisi]]
ABU ABDYRRAHMAN MERWEZI
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'''ABU ABDYRRAHMAN MERWEZI''' (Abu Abdyrrahman Abdylla ibn Mübärek al-Merwezi) - meşhur alym we sopy. Ol 118 hijri (736) ýylynda Maryda dogylýar. Ol örän jomart we abraýly adam bolupdyr. Meşhur şahyr Feridetdin Attar Abu Abdyrrahman Merwezi hakda "ylymda, batyrlykda deňi-taýy ýok adamdy" diýipdir. Abu Abdyrrahman Merweziniň Maryda uly jaýy bolup, onuň ýanyna her gün şäheriň görnükli adamlary, alymlary ýygnanar eken. Ol öwüt-nesihat häsiýetli şygyrlar hem ýazypdyr. Ol 181 hijri (797-798) ýylynda 63 ýaşynda aradan çykypdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU ALY MUHAMMET ibn Ahmet Al-Nesefi
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New page: '''ABU ALY MUHAMMET ibn Ahmet Al-Nesefi (Nahşebi)''' - ''Nahşebi'' ady bilen meşhur bolan orta aziýaly edebiýatçy, astronom, filosof. Ol 10 asyryň ahyrlarynda Özbegistanyň Nesef d...
'''ABU ALY MUHAMMET ibn Ahmet Al-Nesefi (Nahşebi)''' - ''Nahşebi'' ady bilen meşhur bolan orta aziýaly edebiýatçy, astronom, filosof. Ol 10 asyryň ahyrlarynda Özbegistanyň Nesef diýen ýerinde dogulýar, döwrüniň bilimli adamy bolýar. Ol "Kawnul-alam" kitabynyň awtory hökmünde-de bellidir. Ol şaýy mezhebini ündemekde aýyplanyp, 942 ýylynda Buharada dardan asylyp öldürilýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU BEKIR AHMET ibn Muhammet ibn Ishak al-Hemedany ibn al-Fakih
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'''ABU BEKIR AHMET ibn Muhammet ibn Ishak al-Hemedany ibn al-Fakih '''- geograf. Ol Hemedanda önüp-ösýär. Takmynan 902/03 ýyllarda, halifler al-Mutadit (892-902) we al-Muktefi (902-908) döwründe "Ýurtlar hakynda hekaýatlar kitaby" (Kitab ahbar al-buldan") diýen uly goegrafiki ýygyndy ýazypdyr. Ol iş biziň döwrümize bölekleýin gelip ýetipdir. Kitap 1022 ýylynda Aly ibn Jafar ibn Ahmet aş-Şeýzary tarapyndan gysgaldylypdyr, 1885 ýylynda çap edilipdir. Awtoryň eserlerinde gündogar ýurtlary, Horasan, Orta Aziýa, türk welaýatlary barada oňat maglumatlar berilýär. Onda Bagdat, Hemedan, Ermenistan barada has jikme-jik ýazylypdyr. Awtoryň eseriniň Orta Aziýa bagyşlanyp ýazylan bölüminde Mary, Balh we guzlar (oguzlar) barada maglumatlar berilýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU BEKIR AS-SULY
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'''ABU BEKIR AS-SULY''' ( Abu Bekir ibn Muhammet as-Suly aş-Şatranjy; 946 ýylynda aradan çykan) - arap şahyry, alym, küştçi. Ol arap dilinde ýazan-da bolsa, gelip çykyşy boýunça türkmen. Atasy Suly han 8 asyrda Gürgen häkimi bolup, arap basybalyjylaryna güýçli garşylyk görkezen serdardyr. Onuň goşgularyndan başga edebiýata, taryha degişli "Edebul kuttab", "Ahbar Abi Temmam", "Kitabul awrak fi ahbarul Abbas we aşaryhi we ahbar uhtyhi Ulaýýa", "Kitab aşar Abdyllah ibn al-Muatazz we ahbaryhi" ýaly birnäçe eserleri bar. Ol küştde bütin araplary baglapdyr. Onuň käbir täsin göçümlerini "as-Sulynyň göçümi" ady bilen häzirki küştçüler-de käwagt peýdalanýarlar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU BEKIR MUHAMMET ibn Aly ibn Süleýman ar-Rawendi
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2006-11-23T12:07:58Z
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'''ABU BEKIR MUHAMMET ibn Aly ibn Süleýman ar-Rawendi''' - Eýran taryhçysy. Ol Ispihanda doglupdyr. 1174-84 ýyllarda Hemedanda musulman hukuk ylymlaryny we kalligrafiýany öwrenipdir. 1181-89 ýyllarda seljuk soltany Togrul II (1175-94) köşgünde kalligrafiýaçy bolup işläpdir. 1190 ýylynda Hemedan emiri Fahretdin Alawynyň ogullarynyň terbiýeçisi bolupdyr. 1206 ýylynda Konýa göçüp gidipdir. Ol şol ýerde-de ölüpdir. Awtor 1202-05 ýyllarda Konýa soltany Giýasetdin Keýhosrawa (1192-1200, 1204-10) bagyşlap "Ýürekleriň dynç almagy we şatlyk gudraty" ("Rahat as-sudur we aýat as-surur") diýen kitap ýazypdyr. Onda Seljuk döwletiniň 11 asyryň başyndan 1199 ýylyna çenli bolan taryhy beýan edilýär. Ol eser Seljuk döwletiniň 1160-1199 ýyllardaky taryhy boýunça esasy çeşme bolup hyzmat edýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU BEKIR MUHAMMET ibn Zakariýa Ar-Razy
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'''ABU BEKIR MUHAMMET ibn Zakariýa Ar-Razy''' (865-925)- Eýranda we Orta Aziýada özüni tanadan ensiklopedik bilimli akyldar, filosof, ateist. Ol lukmançylyga degişli "Jemleýji Kitap", dini ugurdan "Filosofiýada tebigy kanunlar", "Materiýa hakynda pikirlenme", "Wagt we giňişlik hakynda pikirlenme", "Jan we dünýä hakynda pikirlenme" we başga birnäçe eser ýazypdyr. Ol 184-den hem köp eseriň awtorydyr. Bu eserler arap dilinden latyn diline terjime edilip, Ýewropa hem ýaýradylypdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
[[ar:أبوبكر الرازي]]
[[da:Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi]]
[[de:Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi]]
[[en:Al-Razi]]
[[es:Al-Razi]]
[[fa:محمد زکریای رازی]]
[[fr:Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi]]
[[id:Al-Razi]]
[[it:Rhazes]]
[[he:אל ראזי]]
[[la:Rhazes]]
[[ms:Abu Bakar Muhammad bin Zakaria al-Razi]]
[[sv:Al-Razi]]
ABU JAFAR MUHAMMET
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'''ABU JAFAR MUHAMMET ibn Jaryr Tabary''' (838-923) - görnükli taryhçy. Onuň asly eýranly. Ol Hazar deňziniň günorta-gündogar kenarynda ýerleşýän Tabarystan welaýatynda doglupdyr. Arabystan ýarym adasyndaky döwletlere uzak wagtlap syýahat edenden soň, Bagdada barýar. Ol döwrüniň klassyky bilimini alýar we birnäçe uly eser ýazýar. Ol orta asyrda bütin dünýä taryhynyň ilkinji awtorlarynyň biri hökmünde tanalýar. Onuň "Taryh ar-rusul wa-l-mülýük" ("Pygamberleriň we patyşalaryň taryhy") atly işi (dünýäniň döreýşi hakyndaky töwrat rowaýatlaryndan başlanmak bilen) yslamyň döreýşiniň we arap halifatynyň taryhyny beýan edýär. Bu işde Eýranyň, Orta Aziýanyň gadymy we irki orta asyrlar taryhy ep-esli orun tutýar. Onuň işlerinde arap serkerdeleri tarapyndan Horasanyň, Eýranyň beýleki ýerleriniň, Owganystanyň we Orta Aziýanyň basylyp alnyşy barada gyzykly maglumatlar bar. Alymyň ýazan işleri doly saklanmandyr, biziň günlerimize çenli örän az bölegi gelip ýetipdir. Galyberse-de, olar täzeden işlenipdir we baryp 10 asyrda arap dilinden fars diline terjime edilipdir. Şol terjimäniň awtory Samanitler dinastiýasynyň weziri Abu Aly Muhammet Balamydyr (974 lynda ölen). Balamynyň arap dilindäki golýazmany ilki redaktirläp, soňra terjime edendigini sowet gündogary öwrenijileri subut etdiler. Şol terjime eýran-täjik prozasynyň ilkinji ýadygärliklerinden biri bolup, taryhy çeşme hökmünde onuň uly ähmiýeti bardyr. Tabary kanun we teologiýa boýunça-da köp işleriň awtorydyr. Onuň şol işleriniň arasynda kanun hakyndaky ylymlar boýunça "Kitab ihtilaf al-fukaha" ("Hukuk öwrenijileriň dürli garaýyşlarynyň kitaby") diýen ýörite traktaty bar. Şol eserinde dürli ugurlardan musulman kanuny hakyndaky ylymlaryň teoriýasyny işläp düzüpdir. Şeýle hem "Tafsir al-koran" ("Gurhana düşündiriş") diýen at bilen gurhana 30 tomdan ybarat ýörite düşündiriş ýazypdyr. Tabarynyň hyzmaty arap-fars orta asyr istoriografiýasynda bütindünýä taryhy boýunça ilkinji bolup iş döredenligindedir.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU MAGŞAR HORASANY
2820
7671
2006-11-23T12:11:16Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU MAGŞAR HORASANY''' ( Abu Magşar Japar ibn Muhammet ibn Omar Horasany al-Balhy, 886 ýylda aradan çykan) - horasanly meşhur alym, astronomiýa, matematika degişli ençeme eserleriň awtory. Orta asyrlarda Ýewropada Albumaser ady bilen tanalan bu alym ilki hadys hem dini ylymlary öwrenipdir. Ol ýaşy bir çene ýetensoň, haja gidip, Bagdadyň golaýyndaky Aly ibn Ýahýa ibn al-Münejjim kitaphanasynda bolýar. "Akyl hazynasy" adyny alan bu kitaphananyň fondy biçak baý bolupdyr. Şondan soň alym bütinleý ylym bilen meşgullanypdyr. Ol, esasan, ýyldyzlar hakdaky ylym bilen gyzyklanypdyr. Dehhudanyň ýazmagyna görä, ýüzden-de köp ýaşap, 30-dan gowrak eser döredipdir.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU MANSUR ISPYHANY
2821
7672
2006-11-23T12:13:55Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: ABU MANSUR ISPYHANY ( Abu Mansur al-Hüseýin ibn Tahyr ibn Zeýti, al-Ispyhany, takmynan 1055-57 ýyllarda aradan çykan) - saz we matematika ylmy boýunça Abu Aly ibn Sinanyň şägirdi...
ABU MANSUR ISPYHANY ( Abu Mansur al-Hüseýin ibn Tahyr ibn Zeýti, al-Ispyhany, takmynan 1055-57 ýyllarda aradan çykan) - saz we matematika ylmy boýunça Abu Aly ibn Sinanyň şägirdi. Ol ibn Sinanyň "Haý ibn Ýakzan" ("Oýanyň ogly Diri") eserine düşündiriş beren, "Şypa" atly işiniň esasy mazmunyny saklap, onuň gysgaça beýanyny ýazan alymdar. Onuň özüniň-de saza, matematika degişli eserleri bar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU MUHAMMET AL-HOREZMI
2822
7673
2006-11-23T12:15:14Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU MUHAMMET AL-HOREZMI''' (Muhammet ibn Musa al-Horezmi, 780-847) - Musa ibn Şäkir Horezminiň ogly, matematik, astronomi geograf. Ol Orta Aziýada ylmy pikiriň başyny başlan hasaplanýar. Birinji we ikinji derejeli deňlemäniň awtory we algebranyň esasyny goýan alym hökmünde tanalýar. Onuň ylmy eserlerinden "El-mahrutat" kitaby has meşhurdyr. Onuň iki dogany Ahmet we Hasan hem meşhur astronom bolupdyr. Üç doganyň üçüsi-de Beni Musa ady bilen şöhratlanypdyr. Alymyň matematika hasaplamalaryň praktiki ähmiýeti öz döwründe uly rol oýnapdyr. Onuň ylmy-barlaglary feodal jemgyýetiniň isleglerini kanagatlandyrmaklyga gönükdirilipdir.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU MÜSLIMIŇ GOZGALAŇY
2823
7905
2006-11-29T15:39:06Z
Parahat
8
[[ABU MÜSLİMİŇ GOZGALAŇY]] sahypasy [[ABU MÜSLIMIŇ GOZGALAŇY]] sahypasyna göçürildi: Türkmen elipbiýinde "İ" harpy yok. "I" harpy bilen üytgedildi.
'''ABU MÜSLİMİŇ GOZGALAŇY''' - Orta Aziýada araplaryň agalygyna garşy gönükdirilen halk köpçüliginiň antifeodal hereketi. Orta Aziýanyň, şol sanda Türkmenistanyň halklary arap hökümdarlaryna garşy birnäçe gezek gozgalaň turzup, keseki ýurtly basybalyjylaryň ýigrenji häkimiýetini agdarjak bolup, köp güýç sarp edipdirler. Şeýle gozgalaňlaryň iň görnüklilerinden biri-de Abu Müslimiň gozgalaňy hasaplanýar. Abu Müslim görnükli goşun serkerdesi we uly döwlet işgäri bolupdyr. Abu Müslim gozgalaňy 747 ýylynda Marynyň eteklerinde başlanypdyr. Abu Müslim öz tarapdarlary bilen Marynyň günbatarynda ýerleşip, birnäçe berkitmeler döredipdir. Onuň esasy daýanç nokady Mahuwan obasy eken, bu ýerde ol dört aý bolupdyr. Abu Müslimiň çagyryşlary ýerli ilatyň arasynda giňden ýaýrapdyr. Käbir obalaryň ilaty onuň ygtyýaryna 1000-2 golaý pyýada esger beripdirler. Arap basybalyjylaryna garşy göreşiň baýdagy astynda hemme synplaryň wekilleri birleşipdirler, daýhanlar we garyp senetçiler bilen bir hatarda Abu Müslimiň goşunynda söwdagärler hem, ýerli han-begleriň wekilleri hem bolupdyrlar. Abu Müslim özüniň hemme goşunyny dolandyrmak üçin Mahuwanda merkez döredipdir. Bu ýerde onuň goşunyna girýänleriň spisogy ýöredilipdir we her bir esgere belli bir mukdarda aýlyk berlipdir. Abu Müslimiň ýanyna gullar hem gelip, onuň düzýän goşunyna gatnaşmaga isleg bildiripdirler. Abu Müslim gullary hem kabul edipdir, emma olary goşunyň umumy bölegine girizmändir-de, olar üçin aýratyn bir lager gurapdyr. Gullar gozgalaňyň ýeňmegi netijesinde özleriniň ýagdaýynyň gowulanmagyny gazanmagy umyt edipdirler. Araplaryň taýpara duşmaçylygyndan peýdalanyp, Abu Müslim Maryny eýeläpdir. Soň gozgalaň has üstünlikli bolupdyr. Abu Müslimiň çagyryşyna Gündogar Horasanyň hemme şäherlerinden: Marydan, Saragtdan, Abiwertden, Nusaýdan, Hyratdan, Talkandan, Balhdan we başga şäherlerden gelipdirler; 100 müň adama golaý gozgalaňçy ýygnanypdyr. Abu Müslim merkezi hökümete garşy çykyş edipdir. Abu Müslim gozgalaňy Günbatar Eýrana we Yraga çaltlyk bilen ýaýrapdyr. Gozgalaňçylaryň goşunlary Tigr derýasynyň çep goşandynyň ýanynda halif Merwan II-niň goşunlary bilen çaknyşypdyr. Howul-hara toplanan we gerekli ýaraglar bilen üpjün edilip ýetişilmedik halif goşunlary Abu Müslim tarapyndan derbi-dagyn edilipdir. Merwan II az sanly goşuny bilen zordan gaçyp gutulypdyr. Soňra omeýýatlaryň tarapdarlary derbi-dagyn edilipdir, halif tagtdan düşürilipdir we tutulyp öldürilipdir. Şeýlelikde, halifatda häkimiýeti täze dinastiýa - Apbasitler dinastiýasy ele alypdyr. Täze dinastiýanyň wekilleri göreş wagtynda beren wadalaryny ýerine ýetirmändirler. Diňe ýerli han-begleriň ýagdaýy gowulanypdyr, olar araplar bilen bir hatarda döwleti dolandyrmak işine çekilipdirler. Emma salgytlaryň we borçlaryň agyr ýüki astynda horlanyp gelen zähmetkeş köpçüligine- daýhanlara we şäher senetçilerine dinastiýanyň çalyşmagy hiç hili ýeňillik getirmändir. Gaýtam, daýhanlaryň feodallara garaşlylygy öňküden hem artypdyr. Apbasitler halifatynyň halif Mansur (754-775) Abu Müslimi Horasanyň hökümdary wezipesine belläpdir. Emma halif Mansur ýurtda täzeden möwç alyp ugran gozgalaňlardan we Abu Müslimiň kalk köğçüligi arasyndaky şöhratyndan az howatyrlanmandyr. Şonuň üçin halif Mansuryň buýrugy bilen Abu Müslim dönüklik bilen öldürilipdir.
[[Category:Taryh]]
ABU NASYR AZ-ZARYFY al-Abiwerdi
2824
7675
2006-11-23T12:19:16Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: '''ABU NASYR AZ-ZARYFY al-Abiwerdi''' (10 asyr) - asly häzirki Kaka sebitindäki Abiwert (Bawert) şäherinden bolup, köp wagt Buharada ýaşan türkmen şahyry. Öz zamanasynyň sowatly...
'''ABU NASYR AZ-ZARYFY al-Abiwerdi''' (10 asyr) - asly häzirki Kaka sebitindäki Abiwert (Bawert) şäherinden bolup, köp wagt Buharada ýaşan türkmen şahyry. Öz zamanasynyň sowatly hem parasatly adamlaryndan biri bolan bu şahyr öz goşgularynda baý halk döredijiliginden ussatlyk bilen peýdalanypdyr. Şoňa görä-de onuň eserleri okyjylara düşnükli bolupdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU NASYR MERWEZI
2825
7676
2006-11-23T12:21:40Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: '''ABU NASYR MERWEZI''' - 10. asyrda Maryda ýaşap, eserlerini pehlewi dilinde ýazan orta asyr türkmen şahyry. Onuň ömri hem döredijiligi hakda maglumat örän az.
[[Category:Şahsy...
'''ABU NASYR MERWEZI''' - 10. asyrda Maryda ýaşap, eserlerini pehlewi dilinde ýazan orta asyr türkmen şahyry. Onuň ömri hem döredijiligi hakda maglumat örän az.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU NASYR MUHAMMET ibn Abdal-Jepbar al-Utbi
2826
7677
2006-11-23T12:22:48Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU NASYR MUHAMMET ibn Abdal-Jepbar al-Utbi''' (961-1022/36) - Orta Aziýa taryhçysy. Ol Horasanyň hökümdary Abu Aly Simjurynyň (983-993) mürzesi bolupdyr. Soňra Gaznanyň hökümdary Söbükteginiň, 997 ýylynda ol ölensoň, onuň ogly Ysmaýylyň, soňra ikinji ogly Mahmydyň mürzesi bolupdyr. Ol bu ýerde işlän döwründe syýasy taýdan-da möhüm rol oýnapdyr. Al-Utbi öz eýelän ýokary wezipesini, bütin edebi talantyny peýdalanyp, 1021 ýylynda Soltan Mahmyt al-Gaznewiniň taryhyny - "Döwletiň sag goly kitaby" ("al-Kitab al ýemini") diýen kitabyny ýazyp gutarypdyr. Al-Utbiniň bu kitaby stil taýdan örän oňat we çeper ýazylypdyr. Ahmet ibn Aly al-Manini 1144-47 ýyllarda şol kitaba düşündiriş ýazypdyr. Ol 1286 ýylda düşündirişi bilen bilelikde Kairde çap edilipdir. Al-Utbiniň ol kitaby Orta Aziýa taryhynyň 975-1021 ýyllar aralygyndaky döwri barada möhüm çeşme hasaplanýar. Ol öz kitabynda terjimehalyny hem ýazyp galdyrypdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU NASYR MUHAMMET ibn Tarhan al-Faraby
2827
7682
2006-11-23T12:29:30Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU NASYR MUHAMMET ibn Tarhan al-Faraby''' (870-950)- ensiklopedik bilimi bolan orta aziýaly alym. Ol şol döwürde arap Gündogarynyň uly ylmy, dini, medeni merkezleri bolan Damask, Bagdat, Basra, Halap ýaly şäherlerinde terbiýe we ylym alypdyr. Öz döwrüniň bilimli, çuň döredijilik pikirli, paýhasly, akyly köp adamy: tebigaty öwreniji, matematik, lukman, astronom, sazanda, psiholog, din adamy, etik, sosiolog, himik, filosof bolupdyr. Ol adamzat biliminiň ähli ugurlaryny döredijilikli ele alypdyr we olaryň her birine önjeýli goşandyny goşupdyr. Alym ylymlaryň dürli pudaklaryna degişli 200-den gowrak iş ýazypdyr. Emma biziň günlerimize çenli onuň işleriniň diňe ujypsyzja bölegi gelip ýetipdir. Ýöne şolar-da onuň barlaglarynyň giňligine we çuňlugyna ynandyryjykly şaýatlyk edýär. Ol tebigy-ylmy, sosiologih we yslam dini mowzuklardan işler ýazyp, olarda öz döwrüniň öňde baryjy jemgyýet pikirlerini beýan edýär. Ol şol işlerinde tüýs döredijilik pikir-paýhasly, hakyky alym hökmünde çykyş edýär. Faraby arap dilinde şygyrlar hem ýazypdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU OMAR MINHAJETDIN OSMAN ibn Sirajetdin Jüzjany
2828
7679
2006-11-23T12:25:22Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU OMAR MINHAJETDIN OSMAN ibn Sirajetdin Jüzjany''' (takmynan 1193 ýylynda doglan) - orta asyr taryhçysy. Ol Eýranda doglupdyr. Ol Demirgazyk Owganystanda Gur soltanynyň köşgünde gulluk edipdir. Ol Nimruza (Seýistana) 2 gezek (1225-26) ilçi edilip iberilipdir. Ol 1226 ýylynda mongol basybalyjalaryndan gaçyp, Demirgazyk Hindistana gidipdir. Ol ýerde Sind häkimi Nasyretdin Kubaçä ony Firuza medresesine müdir edip (1227) belläpdir. Kubaçä hökümet başyndan aýrylandan soň, 1228 ýylynda ol Delä gidipdir. Deli soltany Şemsetdin Iltutmuş (1210-36) ony kazy edip belläpdir. Ol 1247 ýylyndan başlap Şemsetdin Iltutmuşyň ogşy, Deli soltanlygynyň hökümdary bolan Nasyretdin Mahmyt şanyň (1246-65) köşgünde bolupdyr. Ol özüniň "Tabakat-i Nasyry" diýen kitabyny takmynan 1260 ýylynda ýazyp gutarypdyr. Onuň bu eserinde syýasy wakalar bilen birlikde, şäher durmuşy, feodal eýeçiliginiň formalary, sektantlaryň çykyşlary we ş.m. beýan edilipdir. Ol kitap Deli soltanlygynyň hem-de Eýranyň (mongollaryň çozuşy döwründäki) taryhy barada gymmatly çeşme bolup hyzmat edýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU REÝHAN BIRUNY Muhammet ibn Ahmet
2829
7680
2006-11-23T12:26:22Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU REÝHAN BIRUNY Muhammet ibn Ahmet''' (973-1048) - Horezmde önüp-ösen alym, filosof, şahyr, lingwist. Ol geografiýa, matematika, minerologiýa, astronomiýa, farmakologiýa ýaly ylmyň dürli pudaklaryna degişli uly açyşlar edipdir. Ol köp sanly tebigy-ylmy, fil-sosiologik, syýasy-etik we poetik traktatlar ýazypdyr. Onuň ylmy we dini işleri özüniň köptaraplylygy, giňligi, meseleleriň batyrgaýlyk bilen goýluşy hem-de olaryň çözülişiniň originallygy bilen tapawutlanypdyr. Özara gan dökülişikli dawalaryň, dyngysyz harby çaknyşyklaryň, azat edijilik hereketiň güýçlenmegi, imperiýalaryň (Sasanitler, Gaznewiler, Garahanlylar, Seljuklar) ýykylmagy, dinastiýalaryň we häkimleriň (Mahmyt Gaznewi, Kabus, Mamun, Masut) çalşyp durmagy sebäpli, ol Gündogaryň dürli ýurtlarynda (Owganystanda, Eýranda, Hindistanda) sergezdanlykda ýaşamaly we eser döretmeli bolupdyr. Arap syýahatçysy geograf Ýakut Hamawy (13. asyr) Mary metjidiniň wakyfnamasynda bu uly alymyň kitaplarynyň ady ýazylan uly spisogy görenligini hanar berýär. Emma olaryň köpüsi ýa-ha ýitip ýok bolupdyr, ýa-da Gündogaryň we Günbataryň köp ýurtlarynyň kitaphanalarynda sanlyja golýazma galypdyr. Onuň 154 sany eseriniň ady belli bolup, olardan bize gelip ýeteni 40 çemesidir. Beýik akyldaryň "Geçen nesilleriň ýadygärlikleri", "Hindistan", "Minerologiýa", "Farmakognoziýa", "Masudyň kada-kanuny", ýaly işleri biziň günlerimizde hem gymmatyny gaçyrmadyk kitaplardyr. Ýokarda agzalan işleriň birinjisinde ("Geçen nesilleriň ýadygärliklerinde") awtor matematika, astronomiýa, meteorologiýa ýaly ylymlaryň esasy prinsipleri hakynda gürrüň berýär. Ol şonda Orta Aziýanyň gadymy halklarynyň ahlaklaryny we däp-dessurlaryny häsiýetlendirýär. Olaryň taryhynda bolup geçen esasy, has möhüm wakalary, dinlerini beýan edýär. Abu Reýhan Biruny özüniň göwrümi we içine alýan meseleleri boýunça ensiklopediýa ýaly bolan bu uly işinde Gündogaryň we Günbataryň köp halklarynyň - horezmlileriň, sogdularyň, farslaryň, araplaryň, ýewreýleriň, grekleriň, rimlileriň, we başgalaryň kalendarlaryny , ýyl hasaplaýyşlaryny deňeşdirýär hem analizleýär. Onuň beýleki işi ("Hindistan") Hindistanyň taryhyny, aýratyn-da onuň baý ruhy medeniýetini öwrenmekde häzire çenli möhüm çeşme bolup gelýär. 19. asyryň iň görnükli rus gündogar öwrenijisi W. R. Rozen bu ajaýyp eser barada şeýle diýýär: "Bu özboluşly ýeke-täk ýadygärlikdir we Günbataryň hem Gündogaryň ähli gadymy we orta asyr ylmy eserleriniň arasynda oňa taý geljegi ýokdyr...".
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU SAD ABDYLKERİM ibn Muhammet ibn Mansur
2830
7681
2006-11-23T12:27:33Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU SAD ABDYLKERİM ibn Muhammet ibn Mansur As-Samany''' (1113-1167) - Orta Aziýa taryhçysy. Ol gelip çykyşy boýunça arap bolup, alym maşgalasynda doglupdyr. Ýaş wagtynda kakasy ölüp, ilki kakasynyň dostutynyň, soňra daýysynyň elinde terbiýelenipdir. Daýysy bilen syýahata gidipdir. Ol Nişapurda, Ispihanda, Hemedanda, Damaskda, Ýerusalimde, Tusda, Yrakda, Mesopotamiýada, Hijazda webaşga ýerlerde bolupdyr. Şol ýerlerde alymlardan rowaýatlar, hekaýalar diňläpdir, Bagdada baryp, 8 ýyll (1136-43/44) ýaşapdyr. Ol 1143 ýylda Mara gelip öýlenipdir, al-Ahmediniň medresesinde okapdyr. As-Samany 40-dan gowrak eser; şol sanda Bagdat al-Hatybyň taryhynyň dowamy - 15 tom, Marnyň taryhy -20 tomdan gowrak, geografiýa sözlügi, awtoryň şyh-mugallymlarynyň sözlügi, biografiýalar ýygyndysy, "Genealogik atlar kitaby" ("Kitab al-ansab") we başgalary ýazypdyr. Olaryň köpüsi Orta Aziýa şäherleri mongollar tarapyndan weýran edilende ýok bolupdyr. Şolardan "Genealogik atlar kitaby", "Marynyň taryhy" bize gelip ýetipdir we neşir edilipdir. Olar Orta Aziýa we Horasan barada gymmatly taryhy, biografik we geografik çeşme bolup hyzmat edýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU SEÝIDIŇ MAWZOLEÝI
2831
7683
2006-11-23T12:29:55Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: '''ABU SEÝIDIŇ MAWZOLEÝI''' - Kaka etrabynyň Mäne obasynyň golaýynda ýerleşen ýadygärlik. Oňa türkmenler Mäne baba diýýärler. Ruhany Abu Seýidiň mazarynyň üstünden se...
'''ABU SEÝIDIŇ MAWZOLEÝI''' - Kaka etrabynyň Mäne obasynyň golaýynda ýerleşen ýadygärlik. Oňa türkmenler Mäne baba diýýärler. Ruhany Abu Seýidiň mazarynyň üstünden seljuk soltanlary tarapyndan gurdurylan bina 11. asyra degişlidir. Mawzoleý dörtgyraňly we gümmezli, berk hem haşamly salnypdyr. Abu Seýidiň mawzoleýi 14. asyryň 1 ýarymynda restawrasiýa edilipdir. Onuň diwarlarynyň iç ýüzi owadan nagyşlar bilen bezelipdir.
[[Category:Taryh]]
ABU SEÝIT ABDYL-HAÝY ibn Az-Zahhak
2832
7684
2006-11-23T12:31:14Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU SEÝIT ABDYL-HAÝY ibn Az-Zahhak ibn Mahmyt Gardizi''' - 11. asyryň fars (Eýran) taryhçysy. Abu Seýit 1048-50 ýyllarda Gaznewit soltany Abd-ar-Reşit ibn Mahmyt Zeýn al-Milla (1049-53) bagyşlap, "Ýyl ýazgylarynyň bezegi" ("Zeýn al-ahbar") diýen taryhy iş ýazypdyr. Ol bu işinde gadymy Eýran patyşalarynyň (yslama çenli), halifleriň (1032 ýyla çenli), Horasanyň (1041 ýyla çenli), Gaznewit soltanlary Maududyň, onuň ogly Masudyň, agtygy Mahmydyň, Hindistanyň, Aziýadaky türk taýpalarynyň taryhy, musulman, hristian, ýewreý, hindi dini baýramçylyklary we ş.m. barada ýazypdyr. Onuň bu işi Horasanyň 1041 ýylyna çenli bolan taryhyny öwrenmekde esasy çeşme hasaplanýar. W. W. Bartoldyň "Türküstan-mongollaryň çozuşy döwründe" (1 bölüm, 1898) we"1893-94 ýyllarda Orta Aziýa gidilişi barada hasabat" (1897) diýen kitaplarynda Abu Seýidiň bu ýygyndysyndan bölekler çap edilipdir, ol iş 1955 ýylda Tähranda doly çap edilipdir.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU SEÝIT ibn Abulhaýr Mahneýi
2833
7686
2006-11-23T12:33:32Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU SEÝIT ibn Abulhaýr Mahneýi''' (967-1049) - mäneli meşhur şyh, sufizm filologiýasynyň Horasandaky iň uly wekilleriniň biri. Abu Seýit il arasynda hemme taraplaýyn uly abraýly biri bolupdyr. Beýik alym Abu Aly ibn Sinada onuň bilen duşuşmak üçin Mänä gelipdir. Ibn Sina ol hakda: "Meniň ylmyň üsti bilen öwrenen zatlaryma şyh Abu Seýit pähim bilen ýetdi" diýipdir. Ol Horasanda rubagy formasyny dörediji hökmünde tanalýar. Abu Seýit ölende seljuk hökümdarlary onuň mazarynyň üstünde mawzoleý bina etdiripdirler. Onuň harabasy Mänede häzir hem bar. Serediň: [[ABU SEÝIDIŇ MAWZOLEÝI|Abu Seýidiň mawzoleýi]]
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU ÝAKUP HEMEDANY
2834
7687
2006-11-23T12:35:03Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: '''ABU ÝAKUP HEMEDANY''' (Abu Ýakup Ýusup ibn Eýýup Hemedany, 1048-98) -sopyçylyk taglymatynyň nagşybendi ugrunyň uly wekili. Ol köp wagtlap Maryda ýaşap, sopylaryň arasynda u...
'''ABU ÝAKUP HEMEDANY''' (Abu Ýakup Ýusup ibn Eýýup Hemedany, 1048-98) -sopyçylyk taglymatynyň nagşybendi ugrunyň uly wekili. Ol köp wagtlap Maryda ýaşap, sopylaryň arasynda uly abraýa eýe bolupdyr. Onuň mazary gadymy Mary şäheriniň harabaçylygynda ýerleşýär. Ýerli ilat ony "Hoja Ýusup baba" diýip atlandyrýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU ÝAKUP ÝUSUP ibn Muhammet as-Sakkaky
2835
7688
2006-11-23T12:36:46Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU ÝAKUP ÝUSUP ibn Muhammet as-Sakkaky''' - 14. - 15. asyrlarda Horezmde ýaşap geçen şahyr. Şahyryň terjimehaly barada maglumat gaty az, ýöne Alyşir Nowaýynyň "Mejalysun-Nefaýys" atly kitabynda, Ýakyny şahyryň "Ok we ýaý" diýen eserinde onuň adyna duşmak bolýar. Ýakyny ony türki edebiýaty kämilleşdiriji, şol ugurda gaýduwsyz göreşiji şahyr hökmünde suratlandyrýar. Mawerannahrly bolsa-da, ol Samarkantda ýaşap, şol ýerde hem döredijilik işine başlaýar. Onuň 14. asyryň ahyrlarynda doglan bolmagy mümkin. Sebäbi onuň şygyrlarynyň arasynda Emir Temiriň neberelerinden bolan, 1405-09 ýyllarda häkimlik eden Halyl soltana bagyşlanyp ýazylan kasyda bar. Bu kasydany, megerem, şahyr otuz ýaşlarynda ýazan bolmagy mümkindir diýip, özbek alymy N. M. Mollaýew çaklaýar. Şahyryň eserlerinde Ulugbege bagyşlanyp kasyda hem bar. Ol 15. asyryň ortalarynda aradan çykypdyr. Şahyr güýçli lirik bolupdyr, ol özbek edebiýatynda kasyda janryny esaslandyrjylaryň biri hasaplanýar. Onuň dil bilimi barada hem ýazan işleri bar. Olaryň arasynda "Miftahul-ylym" ("Ylymlaryň açary") atly kitaby has ähmiýetlidir. Bu kitap soňra Muhammet ibn Abdyrahman Gazwini tarapyndan täzeden işlenýär we "Talhys" ady bilen medreselerde okuw kitaby hökmünde okadylýar. Bar bolan maglumatlara görä, ol edebiýaty, dili oňat bilşi ýaly, astronomiýany-da gowy bilipdir. Astrnomiýa hakynda "Habyb-essiýer" atly kitaby ýazypdyr. Şahyryň eserleri dolulygyna bolmasa-da olardan göçürilen birnäçe nusga ýadygär galypdyr. Olaryň biri-de 16. asyrda ýazylan golýazmadyr. Bu golýazma Londonda saklanýar. Şahyryň döredijiligine Alyşir Nowaýy we başgalary ýokary baha beripdirler. Onuň at-abraýy uly bolupdyr, dabarasy bütin Horasana, Yraga, Eýrana ýaýrapdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abu Ybrahym FARABY
2836
7689
2006-11-23T12:38:18Z
Ga1taman
128
'''Abu Ybrahym FARABY''' (Yshak ibn Ybrahym) - edebiýatçy we dilçi. Gelip çykyşy boýunça türki taýpadan bolup, "Sahahullugat" atly meşhur sözlügi ýazan belli dilçi alym Abu Nasyr Ysmaýyl ibn Hamat Jöwheriniň daýysy. Ol Türkmenistanyň gadymy Paraw (Ferawa -häzirki Gyzylarbadyň golaýynda) şäherinde önüp-ösüp, 350 hijri ýylynda (962) aradan çykypdyr. Onuň leksikografiýa degişli "Kitab diwanul-edep" atly eseri bar. Awtor bu kitabyny Atsyz ibn Horezmşa bagyşlap döredipdir. Ol Ibn Küteýbäniň "Edebil-k ätip" diýen kitabyna hem düşündiriş ýazypdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABU ZEÝT al-Balhy
2837
7690
2006-11-23T12:40:46Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABU ZEÝT al-Balhy''' (takmynan 849/50-935)- Orta Aziýa geografy. Ol Balhda (Owganystanda) doglupdyr. Ýaşlygynda Yraga gidip, meşhur arap filosofy al-Kindiniň (800-879) elinde 8 ýyl okapdyr. Soňra Balha gelip, Samanitleriň köşgünde bolupdyr. Onuň ýazan köp sanly işleriniň arasynda "Welaýatlaryň şekillendirilmesi" ("Suwar al-akalim") diýen ýygyndysy hem bar. Soňra Abu Ishak Ybrahym ibn Muhammet al-Farisi al-Istahry 930-33 ýyllarda al-Balhynyň şol geografiki ýygyndysyny gaýtadan işläpdir we oňa "Ýurtlaryň ýollary kitaby" ("Kitab mesalik al-memalik") diýip at goýupdyr. Ol ýurtlary 20 klimata (welaýata) bölüp, olary jikme-jik beýan edýär. Onda Horasan, Orta Aziýa iň soňky klimata degişli edilipdir.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABUL ALA AL-MAARRY
2838
7716
2006-11-25T09:59:50Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABUL ALA AL-MAARRY-''' serediň ''[[Maarry Abul ala]]''
[[ar:أبو العلاء المعري]]
[[en:Al-Ma'arri]]
[[fr:Abu-l-Ala al-Maari]]
[[ru:Абу-ль Аля]]
ABUL APBAS MERWEZI
2839
7692
2006-11-23T12:46:34Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: '''ABUL APBAS MERWEZI''' (Abu Apbas ibn Hunuzy Merwezi) - Maryda ýaşap, eserlerini arap, fars dillerinde ýazan gadymy türkmen şahyry. Onuň ömri we döredijiligi hakda örän az magl...
'''ABUL APBAS MERWEZI''' (Abu Apbas ibn Hunuzy Merwezi) - Maryda ýaşap, eserlerini arap, fars dillerinde ýazan gadymy türkmen şahyry. Onuň ömri we döredijiligi hakda örän az maglumat galypdyr. Şahyryň gaty sowatly, zehinli adam bolandygy, şygyrlaryny ilki arap, soňra fars dilinde ýazandygy, ýöne ikisiniň-de öz ene dili däldigi belli.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABUL FAWARIS BERRANY
2840
7693
2006-11-23T12:47:37Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABUL FAWARIS BERRANY'''- 11. asyrda Orta Aziýadaky oguz taýpalarynyň berrany dinastiýasynyň wekili. Ol ýaşlygynda Gylyç Arslan lakamyny göteripdir, emma orta asyr çeşmelerinde Şamälik Jent ady bilen belli bolupdyr. Ol öz atasy Alyhan tarapyndan Syrderýanyň aşak akymyndaky oguz taýpalaryna häkim edilip bellenilýär. Onuň eden-etdiligi we sütemi zerarly oguzlar gozgalaň turuzýarlar, ýöne ol gozgalaň basylyp ýatyrylýar. 11. asyryň 30. ýyllarynda ol içki duşmaçylyklardan peýdalanyp, Horezmi basyp alýar. Emma 1043 ýylda Horezm Horasanyň seljuklary tarapyndan basylyp alynýar. Ol Kermana we Mekrana gaçýar, ol ýerde bolsa ony ele salýarlar we öldürýärler.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABUL HASAN ALY ibn al-Hüseýin al-Masudy
2841
7694
2006-11-23T12:48:37Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABUL HASAN ALY ibn al-Hüseýin al-Masudy''' (9. asyryň aýagy-956/57)-arap taryhçysy, georafy, syýahatçysy,Gelip çykyşy boýunça arap, Bagdatda doglupdyr. Ol ömrüniň köpüsini syýahat edip geçiripdir. Ol Eýranda, Hindistanda, Seýlonda, Demirgazykda, Afrikada, Hytaýda, Azerbaýjanda, Ermenistanda, Orta Aziýada we başga ýerlerde bolupdyr. Ol Fustatda (köne Kairde) ölüpdir. Masudy taryhy we geografiýa degişli 7 iş ýazypdyr. Şondan has görnüklileri: "Döwrüň habarlary" ("Ahbar az-zaman") we "Orta kitap" ("Kitab al-ausat") biziň döwrümize gelip ýetmändir. Onuň biziň döwrümize gelip ýeten 1 ýygyndysy "Altyn ýuwyjy we gözel gülleriň mesgeni" ("Muruj az-zahab we maadin al-jawahir") diýen kitap bolup, awtor ony 943 ýylda ýazypdyr. Onda gadymy grekleriň, rimlileriň ýerleri, patyşalary barada, araplaryň taryhy (halif Muta çenli, 946-974) hakynda, bşga-da dürli ýurtlaryň we halklaryň, hususan-da Gündogar Ýewropa halklarynyň jemgyýet gurluşy, durmuşy we başgalar barada maglumatlar berilýär. Ol iş bütin bir taryhy -geografik ensiklopediýadyr. Awtoryň II ýygyndysy "Öwüt-nesihat we ynamdarlyk kitaby" ("Kitab at-tanbih wa-l-işraf") diýen georafik iş bolup, ol 956 ýylda ýazylypdyr. Awtoryň musulmançylyk dini taglymaty we hukugy baradaky kitaplary biziň günlerimize gelip ýetmändir.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABUL KASYM UBEÝDULLAH ibn Abdyllah ibn Hordatbeg
2842
7695
2006-11-23T12:49:40Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABUL KASYM UBEÝDULLAH ibn Abdyllah ibn Hordatbeg''' ( takmynan 820- takmynan 912/913) - arap geografy. Gelip çykyşy boýunça eýranly. Ol Bagdatda okapdyr, halifleriň köşgi bilen aragatnaşylky bolupdyr. Awtor birnäçe eser ýazypdyr, olardan biziň döwrümize gelip ýeteni "Ýollar we döwletler kitaby" ("Kitab al-masalih wa-l-memalik") diýen geografik ýygyndydyr. Awtor ol işi 846/847 ýyllarda gaýtadan işläpdir. Ýygyndyda halifatyň welaýatlarynyň, şäherleriniň atlary, ýol marşrutlary, her bir welaýatdan we ülkeden ýygnalýan salgydyň mukdary, şeýle-de halifatyň käbir goňşy ýurtlary, olaryň patyşalaryny´ň we hökümdarlarynyň atlary, titullary barada maglumat berilýär. Ýygyndyda Horasana we Orta Aziýa uly orun berilýär, sebäbi şol döwürde Horasan we Orta Aziýa halifatyň iň möhüm welaýaty bolupdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABUL MUZAFFAR ABIWERDI
2843
7696
2006-11-23T12:50:53Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: '''ABUL MUZAFFAR ABIWERDI Muahmmet ibn Ahmet ibn Muhammet ibn Ishak''' - şahyr hem-de alym. Ol Abdylkahir Jürjäniniň şägirdi bolupdyr. Şahyr 1113 ýylda Ispihanda wepat bolupdyr. De...
'''ABUL MUZAFFAR ABIWERDI Muahmmet ibn Ahmet ibn Muhammet ibn Ishak''' - şahyr hem-de alym. Ol Abdylkahir Jürjäniniň şägirdi bolupdyr. Şahyr 1113 ýylda Ispihanda wepat bolupdyr. Dehudynyň "Lugatnama" sözlüginde ol hakda gysgajyk maglumat berilýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
ABULIÝA
2844
7697
2006-11-23T12:53:20Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: '''ABULIÝA''' (grek dilinde ''a''-ýoklygy aňladýan ownuk bölek, ''bule''-erk)-erksizlik ýa patologik gowşaklyk. Ol käbir akyl näsazlyklar bilen baglanyşykly ýüze çykýar. Abul...
'''ABULIÝA''' (grek dilinde ''a''-ýoklygy aňladýan ownuk bölek, ''bule''-erk)-erksizlik ýa patologik gowşaklyk. Ol käbir akyl näsazlyklar bilen baglanyşykly ýüze çykýar. Abuliýa ýagdaýynda hiç zat bilen gyzyklanma bolmaýar, üns hem ýatkeşlik gowşaýar. Abuliýa işden, okuwdan arakesme etmek, dynç almak arkaly bejerilýär.
[[Category:Lukmanlyk]]
ABULWEZIR Omar ibn al-Mutarrif
2845
7698
2006-11-23T12:54:13Z
Ga1taman
128
'''ABULWEZIR Omar ibn al-Mutarrif ibn Muhammet al-Abdy al-Kätip''' (803 ýylda aradan çykan)- asly maryly, meşhur kätip, arap dili boýunça belli hünärmen. Ol arap kowumlarynyň her biriniň nirede ýaşap, nirä göçendigini anyk görkezýän "Kitab manazil al-arab we hududha" ("Araplaryň menzilleri we araçäkleri hakda kitap"), "Kitap al-mufaharat al-arab we münafarat al-kabaýyl fi-n-neseb" ("Araplaryň we olaryň kabylalarynyň öz gelip çykyşlary bilen magtanyşlary dogruda kitap") ýaly eserleri bilen tanalýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Abuna ýazylyşyk
2846
7699
2006-11-23T12:59:10Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: '''Abuna ýazylyşyk'''- döwürleýin neşirlerde öňünden ýazylmak bilen belli bir döwür içinde olary üstüňe getirip bermek hyzmatyndan peýdalanmaga bolan hukuk. Bu sistema abu...
'''Abuna ýazylyşyk'''- döwürleýin neşirlerde öňünden ýazylmak bilen belli bir döwür içinde olary üstüňe getirip bermek hyzmatyndan peýdalanmaga bolan hukuk. Bu sistema abunaçylara ýazylyp alýan neşirleriniň öz wagtynda we sanma-san gowşurylmagyny kepillendirýär. Ol döwürleýin neşirleri ýaýratmagyň iý esasy formasy bolmak bilen, redaksiýalara öz okyjylar aktiwini döretmäge, kadaly işlemäge kömek edýär.
Aby-Zemzem
2847
7700
2006-11-23T13:00:03Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: '''Aby-Zemzem''' - Mekgedäki Käbe metjidiniň howlusynda ýerleşen zemzem guýusynyň suwy.
'''Aby-Zemzem''' - Mekgedäki Käbe metjidiniň howlusynda ýerleşen zemzem guýusynyň suwy.
Abhaz dili
2848
7823
2006-11-27T09:30:37Z
89.139.194.191
'''Abhaz dili'''- iberiýa-kawkaz dilleriniň abhaz-adyg toparyna girýän dil. Abhaz dilinde Abhaziýanyň ilaty gepleýär. Abhaz dili abjuý we bzyb dialektlerinden ybarat bolup, edebi dili abjuý dialektiniň esasyndadyr. Abhaz diliniň elipbiýi 1892 ýylda rus alymy P. K. Uslar tarapyndan rus grafikasynyň esasynda düzülýär. 1926 ýylda N. Ý. Marryň analitiki elipbiýiniň, 1928 ýylda latyn, 1938 ýylda gruzin we 1954 ýylda rus elipbiýiniň esasynda abhaz diliniň elipbiýi düzülýär.
[[Category:Diller]]
[[en:Abkhaz language]]
[[ab:Аҧсуа бызшәа]]
[[an:Idioma abjasio]]
[[br:Abc'hazeg]]
[[cs:Abchazština]]
[[de:Abchasische Sprache]]
[[eo:Abĥaza lingvo]]
[[es:Idioma abjaso]]
[[eu:Abkhaziko]]
[[fi:Abhaasin kieli]]
[[fr:Abkhaze (langue)]]
[[he:אבחזית]]
[[gl:Lingua abkhaza]]
[[it:Lingua abcasa]]
[[ja:アブハズ語]]
[[ko:압하스어]]
[[ms:Bahasa Abkhaz]]
[[nl:Abchazisch]]
[[no:Abkhasisk språk]]
[[pl:Język abchaski]]
[[pt:Língua abcázia]]
[[ru:Абхазский язык]]
[[sk:Abcházština]]
[[sv:Abchaziska]]
[[zh:阿布哈兹语]]
Abhazlar
2849
7881
2006-11-29T14:38:54Z
Ga1taman
128
{{Millet |
| surat =
| millet ady = Abhazlar
| ilatwagt = 600,000
| ilatyeri = [[Abhaziýa]]: 83,000 <br> [[Gruziýa]]: 3,527 (2002) <br> [[Türkiýe]]: 400,000 takm. <br> [[Russiýa]]: 11,400 <br> [[Ukraýina]]: 2,000
| dil = [[Abhaz dili]]
| din = [[Sünni Yslam]], [[Ortodoks hristian]]
| baglan =[[Abazinler]], [[Çerkezler]]
}}
'''Abhazlar'''- [[Abhaziýa|Abhaziýanyň]] esasy ilaty. Abhazlar özlerini apsua diýip atlandyrýarlar. Abhazlaryň dili kawkaz dialektleriniň abhaz-adyg toparyna degişlidir. Abhazlar Abhaziýadan daşarda, esasan, [[Gruziýa]]da, [[Russiýa]]da, [[Ukraýina]]da, [[Türkiýe]]de, [[Siriýa]]da, [[Yrak]]da, [[Iordaniýa]]da ýaşaýarlar. Olar medeniýeti boýunça adygeýlere, gruzinlere ýakyn hasaplanylýar. Abhazlarda prawoslaw we yslam dini ýaýrandyr.
[[Category:Jemgyýet]]
[[cs:Abchazové]]
[[de:Abchasen]]
[[en:Abkhaz people]]
[[eo:Abĥazoj]]
[[ka:აფხაზები]]
[[lt:Abchazai]]
[[pl:Abchazowie]]
[[ru:Абхазы]]
[[sh:Abhazi]]
[[sk:Abcházci]]
[[sr:Абхази]]
[[fi:Abhaasit]]
[[tr:Abhazlar]]
[[uk:Абхази]]
Template:Millet
2850
7847
2006-11-28T13:21:44Z
Ga1taman
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{|class="infobox bordered" style="width:22em; font-size:95%; text-align:left;" cellpadding="3"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;" | {{{millet ady}}}
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0px; border:none;" | {{{surat|}}}
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0px; border:none;" | {{{surat-yazgy|}}}
|-
! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Jemi ilat
| style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{ilatwagt}}}
|-
! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Esasy ýaşaýan ýerleri
| style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{ilatyeri}}}
|-
! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Dili
| style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{dil}}}
|-
! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Dini
| style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{din}}}
|-
! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Baglanyşykly milletler
| style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{baglan}}}
|}<noinclude>
==Ulanylşy==
<pre>
{{Millet |
| surat =
| millet ady =
| ilatwagt =
| ilatyeri =
| dil =
| din =
| baglan =
}}
</pre>
The parameters are:
* {{{group}}} — the name of the group (e.g. Armenians).
* {{{image}}} — place an appropriate image here. (Optional)
* {{{caption}}} — place an appropriate caption for the image here. (Optional, should be used only if there is an image)
* {{{poptime}}} — show how the population has changed over time; you can use {{[[Template:population|population]]}} to format each entry.
* {{{popplace}}} — show the population of the group in various different places; you can use {{[[Template:population|population]]}} to format each entry.
* {{{langs}}} — list the languages spoken by the group.
* {{{rels}}} — list the religious affiliations of the group.
* {{{related}}} — list ethnic groups that are related to the group.
Here's an example of using the image and caption fields appropriately:
<nowiki>|image=[[Image:Praying Tibetan Women.jpg|250px|Two Tibetan women in front of the Potala, Lhasa (2005)]]</nowiki>
<nowiki>|caption=Two Tibetan women<br>in front of the [[Potala]], [[Lhasa]] (2005)</nowiki>
{{Template:Esoteric}}
[[Category:Wikipediýa Ýardam]]
[[es:Plantilla:Grupo étnico]]
[[fr:Modèle:Boite Groupe ethnique]]
[[hr:Template:Infobox Etnička grupa]]
[[pl:Szablon:Naród infobox]]
[[he:תבנית:קבוצה אתנית]]
[[nl:Sjabloon:Volk]]
[[rmy:Format:Sel]]
[[ru:Шаблон:Народ]]
[[fi:Malline:Etninen ryhmä]]
[[uk:Шаблон:Етнічна група]]
[[tr:Şablon:Irk ve Etnik Grup]]
</noinclude>
Abhaziýa
2852
8121
2006-12-09T22:03:08Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[frp:Abkhazie]]
'''Abhaziýa'''([[Abhaz dili|Abhazça]] - Apeny "Mähriban ýurt").
== Umumy maglumaty ==
[[Gruziýa]]nyň içine girýän [[awtonom döwlet]]. Ol 1921 ýylyň Gurbansoltan aýynyň 4-nde döredilýär. Meýdany 8,6 müň kw. km² Ilaty 250,000 . Abhaziýanyň içine 6 welaýat, 6 şäher, 3 şäherçe girýär. Paýtagty [[Suhumi]] şäheri.
== Tebigaty ==
Abhaziýa Kawkazlaryň demirgazyk-günbatarynda ýerleşýär, günorta-günbatar tarapy Gara deňze ýanaşýar. Abhaziýanyň gözel tebigaty bar. Abhaziýanyň teritoriýasynyň köp bölegi daglyk bolup, onda Gagra, Bzyb, Abhaziýa we beýleki dag gerişleri hem-de Kolhida pesligi bar. Türkmenbaşy aýynyň ortaça temperaturasy +4-7, daglarda +2dan -2 ýetýär. Gorkut aýynda +22-24, daglarda +18-16. Esasy derýalary - Kodori, Bzyb, Gumista. Kölleri Risa we Amtkeldir. Abhaziýada ösümlikleriň 2000 görnüşi bar. Onuň ähli meýdanynyň 55%-inden gowragyny tokaýlar tutýar. Derýalarynda we köllerinde dürli balyklar bar. Abhaziýada Risa, Gumista, Pisunda goraghanalary ýerleşýär.
== Ilaty ==
Abhaziýada 10-dan gowrak halk bolup, jemi 250,000 adam ýaşaýar. Ol ýerde [[abhazlar]], [[gruzinler]], [[ruslar]], [[ermeniler]], [[ukraýinler]], [[estonlar]], [[ýewreýler]], [[grekler]], [[beloruslar]] we başgalary ýaşaýarlar. Esasy şäherleri - [[Suhumi]], [[Tkwarçeli]], [[Gagra]], [[Oçamçira]], [[Gudauta]], [[Gali]].
== Taryhy ==
Arheologik gazyp-agtaryşlar netijesinde paleolit döwründe-de Abhaziýanyň teritoriýasynda adam ýaşandygy, bizin eramyzdan öň 3-2 müňýyllygyň II ýarymynda ol ýerde ekerançylygyň, maldarçylygyň bolandygy, misden, bürünçden, demirden peýdalanylandygy mälim boldy. 10. asyryň II ýarymynda Abhaziýa Gruziýanyň içine girýär. 16. asyryň II ýarymynda Abhaziýa, şeýle hem Günbatar Gruziýa tutuşlygyna Türkiýäniň golastyna geçýär. Abhaziýa halky türklere garşy ýaragly gozgalaňlar bilen (1725, 1728, 1733, 1771, 1806 we başgalary) jogap beripdir. Abhaziýa 1810 ýylda resmi suratda Russiýa birikdirilýär. 1870 ýylda Abhaziýada kropornoýçylyk düzgüni ýatyrylýar. 1918 ýylyň Nowruz aýynda bolşewikleriň ýolbaşçylygynda Abhaziýanyň zähmetkeş köpçüligi ýaragly gozgalaň turuzýar we Gusbansoltan aýynyň 8-nde Suhumini eýeleýärler. Ol ýerde Sowet häkimiýeti jar edilýär. Emma gazaply söweşlerden soň Suhumi ýene-de (Magtymguly aýynyň 17-nde) kontrrewulusiýaçylaryň eline geçýär. 1921 ýylyň Baýdak-Nowruz aýlarynda Abhaziýanyň zähmetkeşleri ähli Gruziýanyň zähmetkeşleri bilen bilelikde, Gyzyl Goşunyň goldamagynda ýaragly gozgalaň turuzýarlar. 1921 ýylyň Gurbansoltan aýynyň 4-nde Suhumi ýene-de Sowetleriň eline geçýär we ol ýerde Sowet häkimiýeti yglan edilýär. 1921 ýylyň Magtymguly aýynda Gruziýa Rewkomy Abhaziýa ASSR(Awtonom Sowet Sosialistik Respublikasy)-nyň özbaşdaklygy hakynda deklarasiýa çap edýär. 1921 ýylyň Bitaraplyk aýynyň 16-nda Abhaziýa Gruziýa SSR-niň içine girýär. 1922 ýylyň Bitaraplyk aýynyň 13-nde bolsa Abhaziýa Gruziýanyň bir bölegi hökmünde bolýar. 1925 ýylyň Gusbansoltan aýynyň 1-nde Abhaziýanyň birinji Konstitusiýasy kabul edilýär. Abhaziýa 1931 ýylyň Baýdak aýynda awtonom respublika hukugy bilen Gruziýa SSR-niň içine girýär.
== Ykdysadyýet ==
[[Russiýa]] Abhaziýa ykdysadyýetine köp mukdarda kömek edýär. Pul birligi bolsa [[Rus Rubly]]
== Halk Hojalygy ==
Abhaziýada gön-aýakgap, tikin fabrikleri, agaç işläp bejerýän, metal işleýän, pribor gurluşyk senagaty kärhanalary bar. Oba Hojalygynyň esasy pudagy çaýçylyk, temmäkiçilik, sitrus baglaryny ösdürmek, üzümçilik, miweçilik, gök ekerançylyk hem-de maldarçylykdyr.
[[ab:Аҧсны Аҳәынҭқарра]]
[[an:Abjasia]]
[[be:Абхазія]]
[[bg:Абхазия]]
[[bn:আবখাজিয়া]]
[[ca:Abkhàzia]]
[[cs:Abcházie]]
[[da:Abkhasien]]
[[de:Abchasien]]
[[el:Αμπχαζία]]
[[en:Abkhazia]]
[[eo:Abĥazio]]
[[es:Abjasia]]
[[et:Abhaasia]]
[[fi:Abhasia]]
[[fr:Abkhazie]]
[[frp:Abkhazie]]
[[he:אבחזיה]]
[[hy:Աբխազիա]]
[[id:Abkhazia]]
[[it:Abkhazia]]
[[ja:アブハジア]]
[[ka:აფხაზეთის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა]]
[[ko:압하스 공화국]]
[[la:Abasci]]
[[lt:Abchazija]]
[[nl:Abchazië]]
[[os:Абхази]]
[[pl:Abchazja]]
[[pt:Abecásia]]
[[ro:Abhazia]]
[[ru:Абхазия]]
[[simple:Abkhazia]]
[[sk:Abcházsko]]
[[sv:Abchazien]]
[[tr:Abhazya]]
[[tt:Abxazía]]
[[uk:Абхазія]]
[[vo:Labkasän]]
[[zh:阿布哈茲]]
Abylgazy Bahadyr Han
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7714
2006-11-24T13:51:00Z
212.156.191.7
'''Abylgazy Bahadyr Han''' (1603-63)- Hywa hany (1645-83), taryhçy, döwlet işgäri. Ol 1645 ýylda, hanlykdaky içki syýasy garşylyklaryň ýitileşen şertlerinde, özbek feodallarynyň harby güýjüne daýanyp, häkimiýet başyna geçipdir. Onuň höküm süren döwründe Hywada özbek feodallarynyň agalygy pugtalanypdyr. Hanlykdaky hemme ýokary wezipeler, söwda we senetçiler, ekerançylyk üçin amatly ýerleriň köpüsi feodallaryň eline geçipdir. Abylgazynyň döwleti dolandyryş, ýer-suw we beýleki babatlarda geçiren ähli reformalary özbek feodal döwletiniň ykdysady we syýasy ýagdaýyny pugtalandyrmaga gönükdirilipdir. Abylgazy Hywada türkmenleriň täsiriniň soňuna çykmak ugrunda çalşypdyr. Netijede, ýerden-suwdan mahrum edilen we üznüksiz talaňçylara sezewar bolan Hywa türkmenleri hanlykdan çykyp gitmäge ýa-da agyr hem kemsidijilikli şertlerde ýaşamaga mejbur bolupdyrlar. Derýalyk boýundaky türkmen ilatly galapyn welaýatlaryň, şol sanda Adak, Wezir, Buldumsaz ýaly şäherleriň bütinleý boşap galmaklygy hut şol döwre degişlidir. Abylgazy hanlygyň paýtagtyny Hywa şäherine göçüripdir. Türkmen sähralaryna golaý bolan we Derýalygyň akmasynyň kesilmegi zerarly boşap galan öňki paýtagt - Ürgenjiň (häzirki Köneürgenjiň) deregine, Abylgazy hanlygyň golaý böleginde täze Ürgenç şherini saldyrypdyr. Abylgazynyň daşarky syýasatynda galmyklar we Buhara bilen bolan uruşlar, Russiýa bilen bolan söwda-diplomatik gatnaşyklary, ylaýta-da türkmen taýpalaryna garşy gurulýan köp sanly talaňçylykly ýörişler esasy orun tutupdyr ( serediň: Abylgazy hanyň türkmenlere garşy ýörişleri). Abylgazy taryhçy hökmünde 2 sany belli işiň: "Şejerei terakime" ("Türkmenleriň şejeresi"), "Şejerei türk" ("Türkleriň şejeresi") ýygyndylarynyň awtorydyr. Olar 1897, 1906 ýyllarda rus dilinde neşir edilipdir. İkinki işiň 1874 ýylda çykan fransuz neşiri hem bar. Bu işler galapyn dilden aýdylyp gürrüňler we rowaýatlar esasynda ýazylanlygyna, käbir maglumatlaryň jedelli bolmagyna garamazdan, olar Hywanyň, Demirgazyk Türkmenistanyň we gonşy welaýatlaryň 15-17 asyrlardaky taryhyny öwrenmekde gymmatly edebi çeşme bolup hyzmat edýärler. Abylgazynyň bu işlerinde türkmen taýpalarynyň urug-tirä bölünişleri, ýaşaýan ýerleri, kärleri, içki we daşky syýasy ýagdaýlary boýunça iňňän gymmatly taryhy maglumatlar bar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
[[uz:Abulgʻozi Bahodirxon]]
Al-Idrisi
2854
7718
2006-11-25T10:06:22Z
Ga1taman
128
Redirecting to [[ABU ABDYLLAH MUHAMMET ibn Muhammet]]
#REdirect [[ABU ABDYLLAH MUHAMMET ibn Muhammet]]
Al-Razy
2855
7720
2006-11-25T10:13:59Z
Ga1taman
128
Redirecting to [[ABU BEKIR MUHAMMET ibn Zakariýa Ar-Razy]]
#Redirect [[ABU BEKIR MUHAMMET ibn Zakariýa Ar-Razy]]
Türkmenistanyň gerbi
2856
7724
2006-11-25T10:54:56Z
Ga1taman
128
[[Image:Turkmenistan coa.gif|thumb|200px|Türkmenistanyň gerbi]]
'''Türkmenistanyň gerbi''' - [[Türkmenistan]]yň resmi döwlet gerbidir. Ortasyndaky at biziň şöhratymyz bolan [[Ahal Teke at]]y. Başga-da 5 [[haly gölleri]], bugdaý, pagta, aý we 5 ýyldyz bilen bezelen [[gerp]] aýratyn owadanlyga eýedir.
[[category:türkmenistan]]
Gyzyletrek
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7726
2006-11-25T10:58:24Z
Ga1taman
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Redirecting to [[Etrek]]
#Redirect [[etrek]]
Template:Sanjarkalendar
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2006-11-25T11:16:39Z
Ga1taman
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{| align=right id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
|- style="background:#ccccff"
|colspan="7" align="center" bgcolor="#ccccff"|[[Garaşsyzlyk aý|<<<]] – '''[[Sanjar aý]]''' – [[Bitaraplyk aý|>>>]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1 sanjar|1]]
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|- style="text-align:center;"
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|}
Sanjar aý
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2006-11-25T11:17:01Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: {{SanjarKalendar}}
{{SanjarKalendar}}
Template:SanjarKalendar
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2006-11-25T11:19:14Z
Ga1taman
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{| align=right id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
|- style="background:#ccccff"
|colspan="7" align="center" bgcolor="#ccccff"|[[Garaşsyzlyk aý|<<<]] – '''[[Sanjar aý]]''' – [[Bitaraplyk aý|>>>]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1 sanjar|1]]
| [[2 sanjar|2]]
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| [[8 sanjar|8]]
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|- style="text-align:center;"
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|- style="text-align:center;"
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|- style="text-align:center;"
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|}
Türkmenbaşy aý
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2006-11-25T11:20:32Z
Ga1taman
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New page: {{TürkmenbaşyaýKalendar}}
{{TürkmenbaşyaýKalendar}}
Template:TürkmenbaşyaýKalendar
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2006-11-25T11:24:21Z
Ga1taman
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{| align=right id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
|- style="background:#ccccff"
|colspan="7" align="center" bgcolor="#ccccff"|[[Bitaraplyk aý|<<<]] – '''[[Türkmenbaşy aý]]''' – [[Baýdak aý|>>>]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| [[1 Türkmenbaşy aý|1]]
| [[2 Türkmenbaşy aý|2]]
| [[3 Türkmenbaşy aý|3]]
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|- style="text-align:center;"
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|}
B
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2006-11-25T15:18:12Z
Parahat
8
New page: '''B''' — türkmen elipbiýiniň ikinji harpy. B. dodakla-ryň ikisiiiň hem gatnaşmagynda hasyl bolýan zarply açyk çekimsiz sesiň belligi. B. sözüň başynda we k, p, t çekimsiz...
'''B''' — türkmen elipbiýiniň ikinji harpy. B. dodakla-ryň ikisiiiň hem gatnaşmagynda hasyl bolýan zarply açyk çekimsiz sesiň belligi. B. sözüň başynda we k, p, t çekimsizlerinden soň gelende, özüniň adaty bolşu-ny (bagt, bag, beg) saklaýan hem bolsa, söz ortasynda gelende, süýkeş, açyk w (bawa, owa, sewet) sesi b.-n aý-dylýar.
==Seret==
[[Türkmen dili]]
Baba
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7739
2006-11-25T15:21:49Z
Parahat
8
New page: '''BABA''' — 1) garyndaşlyk aňladýan söz. Türkmen taýpa-larynyň köpüsinde oglanlar we gyzlar ejesiniň kakasyna B. diýýärler; 2) «ýaşuly, garry we ata» dien manylarda ula...
'''BABA''' — 1) garyndaşlyk aňladýan söz. Türkmen taýpa-larynyň köpüsinde oglanlar we gyzlar ejesiniň kakasyna B. diýýärler; 2) «ýaşuly, garry we ata» dien manylarda ulanylýan termin.
Babaarap
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7740
2006-11-25T15:32:18Z
Parahat
8
BABAARAP—Türkmenistan SSR-niň Gökdepe raýonynyň territoriýasynda ýerleşýän oba. Ol raýon merkezinden 17 km gündogarda ýerleşýär. B. 1970-nji ýyllarda plan boýunça gurlan posýolok hasaplanypdyr. Babaaraby Orta Aziýa demir ýoly kesip geçýär. Ilaty 3.173 adam (1970). Oba hojalygynyň esasy pudagy ekerançylyk, maldarçylyk. 1970-nji ýyllarda obada iki sany orta mekdep, ambulatoriýa, 2 medpunkt, çaga dogrulýan öý, klub, 4 kitaphana, 2 çagalar bagy, 2 magazin bolupdyr.
Babagammar (öwlüýä)
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7741
2006-11-25T15:41:08Z
Parahat
8
New page: '''BABAGAMMAR''' — Türkmenistan SSR-niň Mary oblastynyň Ýolöten raýonyndaky ýer, öwlüýä. Ýerli ýaşulular bu ady türkmen halk dessanlarynda agzalýan [[Babagammar]] bilen ...
'''BABAGAMMAR''' — Türkmenistan SSR-niň Mary oblastynyň Ýolöten raýonyndaky ýer, öwlüýä. Ýerli ýaşulular bu ady türkmen halk dessanlarynda agzalýan [[Babagammar]] bilen baglanyşdyrýarlar.
Babageldiýew Ýagmyr
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7742
2006-11-25T15:50:39Z
Parahat
8
'''BABAGELDIÝEW Ýagmyr''' (1919)—Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. Ol Tagtabazar raýonynyň Söýnaly obasynda dogulýar. 1937—40 ýyllarda Tagtabazar raýonynyň Marçak obasynyň «Komsomol» kolhozynda kolhozçy. 1940—46 ýyllarda harby gullukda bolup, Watançylyk urşuna gatnaşýar. 1946—47 ýyllarda «Gyzyl Goşun» kolhozynda kolhozçy». 1947—51 ýyllarda bolsa şol kolhozda brigadir, 1951 ýyldan başlap hem Kirow adyndaky kolhozda brigadir bolupdyr. Ýokary pagta hasylyny almakda gazanan üstünlikleri üçin, 1966 ýylynda oňa Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany diýen at dakylýar. Babageldiýew birnäçe medal bilen sylaglanypdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babadaýhan
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2006-11-25T16:02:09Z
Parahat
8
'''BABADAÝHAN''' — türkmenleriň we beýleki Orta Aziýa halklarynyň arasynda eker-yň piri hökmünde belli bolan mifiki obraz. B. ýeri bejerip, sürüp, ekin ekip, orak orup, hasyl ýygnap ýören sada, jepakeş daýhan hökmünde türkmen daýhanlarynyň aňynda ornaşyp galypdyr. Ol ekererançylyk işleriniň ussady, daýhanlaryň halypasy hasap edilip, daýhanlaryň hormatyna mynasyp bolupdyr. Halk arasynda döredilen köp sanly rowaýatlara görä, Babadaýhan ilkinji gezek ýere tohum atyp, ekin eken we özünden soňky adamlara (daýhanlara) eri bejerip, ekin ekmegiň tärlernni öwreden daýhan sypatynda şekillendirilýär. Tejen raýonyndaky obalara I we II B. atlarynyň dakylmagy hem Babadaýhan obrazynyň türkmen daýhanlarynyň arasynda giň ýaýrandygyna şaýatlyk edýär. Häzirki döwürde oba hojalygynyň zähmet pälwanlaryna hem Babadaýhan diýilýänini ýygy-ýygydan eşitmek bolýar.
Babadaýhan (I-II)
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2006-11-25T16:12:19Z
Parahat
8
'''BABADAÝHAN (I—II)''' — oba atlary: I Babadaýhan—Aşg. obl-ynyň Tejen r-nynda erleşýän oba. Ol r-n merkezinden 15 km dg-gd-da erleşýär. Obada «Kommuna» we Ždanow ad. k zlar bar. Ilaty 4826 adam (1970). Oba ilaty eker. (pagtaçylyk), mald., ýüp. b-n meşgullanýar. Obada iki orta, sekizýyllyk mekdep, çaga dogrulýan eý, keselhana, 2 klub, 3 kntaphana we ma-gazin bar. II Babadaýhan — Aşg. obl-ynyň Tejen r-nyň-da erleşýän oba. Ol r-n merkezinden 35 km dg. tarapda erleşýär. Obada Kalinin ad. k-z bar. Ilaty 4723 adam (1970). Oba ilaty, esasan, eker. (pagtaçylyk), mald., ýüp. 6-n meşgullanýar. 1970-nji ýyllarda obada orta we başlaigyç mekdep-ler, keselhana, 2 sany medpunkt, ilata durmuş taýdan hyzmat edýän kombinat, medeniet öýi, 2 kitaphana, 3 sany çagalar bagy we birnäçe magazin bolupdyr.
Babadaş
2870
7746
2006-11-25T19:53:10Z
Parahat
8
[[Babadaþ]] sahypasy [[Babadaş]] sahypasyna göçürildi
'''BABADAŞ''' — daşkyrak garyndaş, ata-babalary bir bolan adamlar. Munuň ýaly garyndaş toparlaryna ylymda patronimiýa diýilýär. Käwagtlarda B. garyn-daşlar kiçiräk bir tire bolup, obanyň belli bir böle-gini tutupdyrlar. Köp ulanylýan «ata-baba» sözi «B» sözi b-n bir manydaş. «B» sözi daşkyrak garyndaşly-gy aňlatmak üçin ulanylýar. Eger B. garyndaşlar öza-ra oňuşmasalar, onda ýaşululary olara: «Başga ýagyň bolmasa, B-yň ýokmudy» diýip, kinaýa edipdirler.
Babadurmaz
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2006-11-25T20:17:29Z
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New page: '''BABADURMAZ''' — Aşg. oblastynyň Kaka raýonyndaky d. ýol stansiýasy. Babadurmaz ilki çeşmäniň ady bolupdyr. G. Wamberi bu ady Durmaz baba (Durmaz adam ady) diýip d...
'''BABADURMAZ''' — Aşg. oblastynyň Kaka raýonyndaky d. ýol stansiýasy. Babadurmaz ilki çeşmäniň ady bolupdyr. G. Wamberi bu ady Durmaz baba (Durmaz adam ady) diýip düşündirýär.
Babaýew Köşek
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2006-11-25T20:22:20Z
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'''BABAEW Akköşek''' (1905) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. Ol Bäherden raýonynyň Bäherden posýologynda dogulýar. 1931—44 ý-larda öňki Ýerbent raýonynyň «Görelde» kolhozynyň baş çopany, 1944 ý-dan bäri Aşgabat raýonynyň «Ýrbent» sowhozynyň baş çopany bolup işleýär. Goýunlaryň sanyny artdyrmak we döwlete bagana, et, ýüň tabşyrmak planlaryny artygy bilen ýerine ýetirmekde görkezen ýokary netijeleri üçin, 1949 ýylynda oňa Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany diýen at dakylýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babaýew Atajan
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2006-11-25T20:25:40Z
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New page: '''BABAEW Atajan''' (1910) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. 1947 ýylyndan SSKP çleni. TSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň deputaty (3—5 çagyrylyşlar). Ol Mary raýonynyň Ajan Mämmedowa...
'''BABAEW Atajan''' (1910) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. 1947 ýylyndan SSKP çleni. TSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň deputaty (3—5 çagyrylyşlar). Ol Mary raýonynyň Ajan Mämmedowa obasynda dogulýar. 1931—41 ýyllarda Çkalow adyndaky kolhozda brigadir bolup işleýär. 1941—43 ýyllarda Watançylyk urşuna gatnaşýar. 1943—45 ýyllarda Çkalow adyndaky kolhozda sklad müdiri, 1945—60 ýylarda kolhoz başlygy, 1960—70 ýyllarda bolsa şol kolhozyň bagçylyk brigadasynyň brigadiri bolun işleýär. Ýokary pagta hasylyny alanlygy üçin, 1949 ýylynda oňa Sossialistik Zähmetnň Gahrymany diýen at dakylýar. Ol Lenin, «Zähmet Gyzyl Baýdak», «Gyzyl Ýyldyz» ordenleri we birnäçe medal bilen sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babaýew Gurban
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2006-11-25T20:29:29Z
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'''BABAÝEW Gurban''' (1908—68) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. Köneürgenç raýonynyň «Gyzyl baýdak» obasynda dogulýar. 1931—49 ýyllarda «Bolşewik» kolhozynda kolhozçy, 1949—52 ýyllarda zwenowod, 1952—57 ýyllarda brigadir, 1957—62 ýyllarda kolhozçy we 1962—67 ýyllarda «Ak altyn» kolhozynda kolhozçy bolup işleýär. Ýokary pagta hasylyny alanlygy üçin, 1951 ýylynda oňa Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany diýen at dakylýar. 1945 ýylynda «Zähmetde tapawutlananlygy üçin» diýen medal bilen sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babaýew Gurbanmämmet
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7754
2006-11-25T20:34:41Z
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New page: '''BABAÝEW Gurbanmämmet''' (10. 1. 1899) — Türkmenistanda sowet häkimietini gurmaga aktiw gatnaşyjy, 1925 ýylyndan SSKP çleni, soýuz ähmiýetli personal pensioner ...
'''BABAÝEW Gurbanmämmet''' (10. 1. 1899) — Türkmenistanda sowet häkimietini gurmaga aktiw gatnaşyjy, 1925 ýylyndan SSKP çleni, soýuz ähmiýetli personal pensioner (1957). Ol Aşgabat r-nynyň Büzmeýnn obasynda dogulýar. 1919—38 ýyllarda Sowet Goşunynda gulluk edýär. Babaýew ak gwardiýaçylara, iňlis interwentlerine we basmaçylara garşy göreşe aktiw gatnaşýar. III Kommunistik Internassionalyň işine gatnaşýar (1929—38). 1938—41 ýyllarda respublikanyň Azyk senagaty ministrliginde işleýär. 1941 ýylynda Watançylyk urşunyň başlanmagy bilenn Sowet Goşunynyň hataryna çagyrylýar we faşistik basybalyjylara garşy göreşmäge gatnaşýar. 1946 ýylynda Sowet Goşunyndan demobilizlenenden soň, Babaýew Azyk senagaty ministrliginde dürli wezipelerde işleýär. Babaýew «Gyzyl Baýdak», «Watançylyk urşy» ordeniniň 2-nji derejesi, «Gyzyl Ýyldyz», «Zähmet Gyzyl Baýdak» ordenleri we medallar bilen sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babaýew Mäti
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7755
2006-11-25T20:39:11Z
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New page: '''BABAÝEW Mäti''' (1925—58) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. 1946 ýyldan SSKP çleni. Ýylanly raýonynyň Täzeçitir obasynda dogulýar. 1940—45 ýyllarda şol raýonyň ...
'''BABAÝEW Mäti''' (1925—58) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. 1946 ýyldan SSKP çleni. Ýylanly raýonynyň Täzeçitir obasynda dogulýar. 1940—45 ýyllarda şol raýonyň «Kommunizm» kolhozynda zwenowod, 1946—51 ýyllarda brigadir bolup işleýär, 1951—54 ýyllarda Baýramaly-da kolhoz başlyklaryny taýýarlaýan oba hojalyk mekdebinde okaýar. 1954—58 ýyllarda TKP-niň Ýylanly raýkomynyň instruktory bolup işleýär. Oba hojalygynda gowy netijeler gazananlygy üçin, 1950 ýylynda oňa Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany diýen at dakylýar. Ol «Zähmet Gyzyl Baýdak» ordeni bilen sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babaýew Orazmyrat
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2006-11-25T20:43:11Z
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New page: '''BABAÝEW Orazmyrat''' (1900—69) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. Ol öňki Sakar raýonynyň Merýe obasynda dogulýar. 1932—60 ýyllarda «Rawnina» sowhozynda baş çopan bo...
'''BABAÝEW Orazmyrat''' (1900—69) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. Ol öňki Sakar raýonynyň Merýe obasynda dogulýar. 1932—60 ýyllarda «Rawnina» sowhozynda baş çopan bolun işleýär. Maldarçylygy ösdürmekde we onuň önümçiligini ýokarlandyrmakda bitiren hyzmatlary üçin, 1947 ýylynda oňa Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany diýen at dakylýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babaýew Hywaly
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2006-11-25T20:50:34Z
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New page: '''BABAÝEW Hywaly''' (1902—41) — sowet döwlet işgäri, SSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň we TSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň deputaty (1 çagyrylyş): 1926 ýylyndan SSKP çleni, TSSR-iň Gazanjyk ra...
'''BABAÝEW Hywaly''' (1902—41) — sowet döwlet işgäri, SSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň we TSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň deputaty (1 çagyrylyş): 1926 ýylyndan SSKP çleni, TSSR-iň Gazanjyk raýonynda çarwa maşgalasynda dogulýar. Oktýabr sossialistik rewolýussiýasyndan öň batrak, soňra tä 1929 ýylyna çenli Gazanjyk teplowoz zwenosynda demir ýol işçisi. 1929—34 ýylarda «Türkmenbirleşigiň» Respublika et taýýarlaýyş kontorasynda jogapkär wezipelerde işleýär. 1934—37 ýyllarda Türkmenistan Ýokary kommunistik oba hojalyk mekdebinde okap, ony gutarýar. B. 1937 ýylynyň 12 oktýabryndan tä ömrüniň ahyryna çenli TSSR MIK-iň başlygy, SSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň Prezidiumynyň başlygynyň orunbasary, TSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň Prezidiumyiyň başlygy bolun işleýär. 1941 ýlynyň 30 awgustynda tragiki ýagdaýda aradan çykýar. Babaýew TK(b)P MKnyň çleni hem-de TK(b)P MK-nyň býuro çleni edilip saýlanýar. Ol «Zahmet Gyzyl Baýdak» ordeni bilen sylaglanýar. Aşgabadyň merkezi köçeleriniň biri Babaýewiň adyny dakylypdyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babaýew Çary
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2006-11-25T20:57:03Z
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New page: BABAÝEW Çary (1907—1966) — Sossialistik Zähmetiňh Gahrymany. 1932 ýyldan SSKP çleni. TSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň deputaty (I çagyrylyş). Sakarçäge r-nynyň Akýap obasynda dogul...
BABAÝEW Çary (1907—1966) — Sossialistik Zähmetiňh Gahrymany. 1932 ýyldan SSKP çleni. TSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň deputaty (I çagyrylyş). Sakarçäge r-nynyň Akýap obasynda dogulýar. Babaýew ýaşlygyndan başlap daýhançylyk bilen meşgullanýar, batrakçylyk edýär. Ol 1928 ýylynyň sentýabrynda Garybata demir ýol stansiýasynda işläp başlaýar. 1929—33 ýyllarda Iknji Türküstan atly polkunyň starşinasy bolup, basmaçylara garşy göreşe gatnaşýar. 1932 ýylynyň ahyrlarynda öz obalaryna gaýdyp gelýär we ilki o/s-niň sekretary (1933—34), soňra o/s-niň başlygy (1934—38) bolup, obada täze medeiýeti ýaýratmakda, kolhoz gurluşygyny berkitmekde uly işler geçirýär. 1938 ýylynyň sentýabrynda Sakarçäge raýispolkomynyň başlygy bolýar. Soňra ol dürli wezipelerde işleýär. Inçe süýümli gowaçanyň hasyllylygyny ýokarlandyrmakda we oba hojalygynyň beýleki pudaklarynyň önümliligini artdyrmakda bitiren hyzmatlary üçin, 1949 ýylynda oňa Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany diýen at dakylýar. Babaýew «Hormat Nyşany» ordenn we TSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň Prezidiumynyň hor-mat hatlary bilen sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babaýew Çary (1916)
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2006-11-25T20:59:45Z
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New page: '''BABAÝEW Çary''' (1916)—Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany, TSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň deputaty (5 çagyrylyş). Ol öňki Sakar raýonynyň Merýe obasynda dogulýar. 1936 ýylyndan ba...
'''BABAÝEW Çary''' (1916)—Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany, TSSR Ýokary Sowetiniň deputaty (5 çagyrylyş). Ol öňki Sakar raýonynyň Merýe obasynda dogulýar. 1936 ýylyndan başlap Baýramaly raýonynyň «Rawnina» sowhozynda baş çopan bolup işläpdir. Maldarçylygy ösdürmekde görkezen üstünlikleri üçin, 1947 ýylynda oňa Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany diýen at dakylýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babaýew Çary (1917)
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2006-11-25T21:03:19Z
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New page: '''BABAÝEW Çary''' (1917) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahry-many. 1952 ýyldan SSKP çleni. Ol Aşgabat raýonynyň Büzmeýin obasynda dogulýar. 1929—43 ýyllarda Aşgabat raýonyny...
'''BABAÝEW Çary''' (1917) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahry-many. 1952 ýyldan SSKP çleni. Ol Aşgabat raýonynyň Büzmeýin obasynda dogulýar. 1929—43 ýyllarda Aşgabat raýonynyň «RKKA-nyň 12 ýyllygy» atly kolhzynda kolhozçy, 1943—46 ýyllarda Aşgabat oblastynyň gurluşyk trestinde işçi, 1946 ýyldan bäri Aşgabat raýonynyň «TSSR-iň 40 ýyllygy» kolzynda kolhozçy bolup işleýär. Üzümçiligi ösdürmekde we üzümiň hasyllylygyny artdyrmakda bitiren hyzmatlary üçin, 1949 ýylynda oňa Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany diýen at dakylýar. Ol W. I. Leniniň doglan gününiň 100 ýyllygy mynasybetli, leninçilik ýubileý medaly bilen (1970) sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Babasyl
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2006-11-25T21:15:02Z
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New page: '''BABASYL''' (gr. haimorrois—ganakma) —art bujagyň töweregindäki wenalaryň giňelmegi. B-yň döremegiie göni içegäniň aşaky we ýokarky, içki hem daşky wena gan damarla...
'''BABASYL''' (gr. haimorrois—ganakma) —art bujagyň töweregindäki wenalaryň giňelmegi. B-yň döremegiie göni içegäniň aşaky we ýokarky, içki hem daşky wena gan damarlarynyň birikmesiniň giňelmegi sebäp bolýar. Içiň gatamagy, köp wagtlap aýak üstünde bir erde durup ýa-da oturyp işlemek, bagyr keseli, içgini çenden köp içmek we ş. m. hem B-yň döremegine eltýär. B. köplenç 30—40 ýaşly erkek adamlarda bolýar. B-a duçar bolan adam wagtal-wagtal giňelýän wenalaryň ýarylmagy zerarly köp gan ýitirýär, bu bolsa anemiýa keseline eltýär. B-a uçran adamyň meýdan etmesi kynlaşýar we agyry peýda bolýar. B-y alamatlaryna görä operassiýa etmek ýoly b-n bejermek bolýar.
[[Category:Lukmanlyk]] [[Category:Keseller]]
Category:Keseller
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2006-11-29T14:21:58Z
Ga1taman
128
Keseller barada maglumat.
[[Category:Saglyk]]
Babatag
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2006-11-25T21:19:58Z
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New page: '''BABATAG''', Babadag — Orta Aznýanyň günortasyndaky dag gerşi. Ol Özbegistan bilen Täjigstanyň araçäginde, Surhanderýa we Kafirnigan (Amyderýanyň sag goşandy) ...
'''BABATAG''', Babadag — Orta Aznýanyň günortasyndaky dag gerşi. Ol Özbegistan bilen Täjigstanyň araçäginde, Surhanderýa we Kafirnigan (Amyderýanyň sag goşandy) derýalarynyň aralygynda ýerleşnär. Beýikligi 2292 m, uzynlygy 125 km töweregi. Babatag, esasan, hek daşlaryndan düzülendnr. Onuň ýapgytlarynda ýarym çöl we dag-kserofit ösümlikleri ýaýrap, käýerlerinde pisse massiwleri bar. Babatagda burma şahly tekeler ýaşaýar (SSSR-de bular diňe Köýtendagyň we Darwaz gerişleriniň ýapgytlarynda hem duşýar).
[[Category:Geografiýa]] [[Category:Daglar]]
Babahoja şorlugy
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2006-11-29T14:27:01Z
Ga1taman
128
'''BABAHOJA ŞORLUGY''' — Hazaryň suwunyn yza çekilmegi zerarly, onuň ozalky aýlagynyň ýerinde dörän şorluk. Ol ýurdumyzyň günbatarynda Balkan daglarynyň eteginde ýerleşýär. Onuň ini 40 km, uzynlygy 50 km, meýdany 2000 km2 barabar. 1836 ýylynda bu ýerde gidrografik ölçeg geçirilipdir. Babahoja şorlugynyň iň pes ýeri deňiz derejesinden 27,6 m aşakda ýerleşýär. Babahoja şorlugyndan 60 ýylyndan bäri nahar duzy alynýar.
[[Category:Şorluklar]]
Babbit
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2006-11-25T21:35:14Z
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'''BABBIT''' — esasy galaýy ýa-da gurşun bolan antifrikssion splaw. Babbit podşipniklsriň wkladyşlaryny guýmak üçin ulanylýar. Babbitleriň käbirleri surmadan, misden, nikelden, myşýakdap, kadmiden, tellurdan, kalssiden, natriden, magniden we ş. m-lerden ybarat bolýar. Babbiti 1839 ýylynda I. Babbit (ABŞ) oýlap tapýar. Babbitiň ýokary antifrikassion häsiete eýe bolmagynyň sebäbi onuň gurluşynyň aýratynlygy bilen düşündirilýär, ýagny splawyň ýumşak çeýe esasynda gaty bölejikleri bolýar. Babbit aşak temperaturada (300—440°C) ereýänligi we gowy işleýänligi bilen tapawutlanýar. Galaýy esasly Babbit has berk podşipnikleri ýasamakda ulanylýar. Galaýyly Babbit gurşunly Babbite görä korroziýa çydamlylygy, durnuklylygy, ýylylyk geçirijnligi hem-de sürtülme koefissientiniň azlygy bilen tapawutlanýar. Gurşunly Babbit galaýyly Babbite garanda podşipnigiň ýokary temperaturasynda hem işläp bilýär. Gurşunly Babbit awtomobilleriň, traktorlaryň we ş. m-lernň podşipniklerini guýmak üçin ulanylýar. Gurgnunly-kalssili Babit demir ýol trapsportyiyň podşipniklerini guýmakda ulanylýar.
[[Category:Himiýa]] [[Category:Fizika]] [[Category:Senagat]]
Babegiň gozgalaňy
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2006-11-25T21:44:37Z
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New page: '''BABEGIŇ GOZGALAŇY''' — takm. 816—837 ýyllarda Arap halifatyna garşy Azerbaýjanda we Günbatar Eýranda dörän halk hereketi. Babek 8 asyryň ahyrynda garyp maşgala...
'''BABEGIŇ GOZGALAŇY''' — takm. 816—837 ýyllarda Arap halifatyna garşy Azerbaýjanda we Günbatar Eýranda dörän halk hereketi. Babek 8 asyryň ahyrynda garyp maşgalada doglupdyr. Ol çopan, kerwende düýe idiji, soňra Töwrizde hünärment bolup işläpdir. Babek hürremitleriň azat edijilik göreşine goşulypdyr, 816 ýylynda hereketiň ýolbaşçysy Jawidan ölenden soň göreşe ýolbaşçylyk edipdir. Ol halky arap zulumyndan azat bolmak ugrundaky aýgytly göreşe çagyrypdyr. Halk köpçüligine azatlyk bermegi wada edipdir. Onuň goşuny daýhanlardan, hünärmentlerden, şäher garyplaryndan düzülipdir, feodallar hem öz bähbitlern üçin birbada olary goldapdyr. 9 asyryň 30 ýyllarynda Babegiň gozgalaňy has giň gerime eýe bolup, ol tutuş Azerbaýjana, Günbatar Eýrana, Gündogar Ermenistana ýaýrapdyr. Babegiň nökerleriniň sany 300 müňe etipdir. Halif Babegi iň howply duşman hasaplap, 835 ýylynda onuň garşysyna köp goşuna baş edip belli serkerdesi Haýdar ibn Kowusy iberipdir. Gazaply çaknyşyklardan soňra 837 ýylynyň güýzünde hürremitlernň Badz galasy araplar tarapyndan eýelenipdir. Babek ýesir alnyp, 4 sentýabrda gynalyp öldürilipdir. Ol ölmeziniň öň ýanynda: «Men armanly, çünki bu itleriň hemmesinn ýok edip bilmedim» diýipdir. Babegiň gozgalaňy ýeňlişe sezewar bolsa-da, Ýakyn Gündogarda iň güýçli hereketleriň biri bolup, Arap halifatynyň ýykylmagyny tizleşdiripdir.
[[Category:Taryh]]
Babeziozlar
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2006-11-25T21:54:40Z
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New page: '''BABEZIOZLAR''', babeziellýozlar — mallaryň gan parazitar ýokanç keselleri. Bu keselleri iň ýönekeý jandarlar bolan babeziýalar döredýär. Weterinar taýdan has ün...
'''BABEZIOZLAR''', babeziellýozlar — mallaryň gan parazitar ýokanç keselleri. Bu keselleri iň ýönekeý jandarlar bolan babeziýalar döredýär. Weterinar taýdan has üns berilmelisi gara mallaryň Babeziozlarydyr. Olar öri meýdan sakyrtgalary arkaly geçýän kesellerdir. SSSR-de, esasan, Ewropa böleginiň demirgazygynda, günbatarynda, günortasynda we Orta Aziýada ýaýrandyr. Babeziozlary dörednjiler mallara öri meýdan sakyrtgalarynyň dişlemegi arkaly geçýär. Kesellän mallaryň bedeniniň temperaturasy birden ýokary galýar, wagtal-wagtal içi geçýär we gataýar. Sygyrlar dessine horlanyp, süýdüni 80%-e çenli azaldýar. Süýdi ajymtyk tagamly we sargylt (kähalatlarda gyzgylt) reňkde bolýar. Babeziozlar bilen kesellän goýunlar iç taşlaýar. Kesel 4—8 güne çekýär. Babeziozlar bilen kesellän sygyrlaryň 40%-i, dowarlaryň 80%-e çenlisi ölýär. Babeziozlar bilen öň kesellän mallara bu kesel 2—3 ýyllap degmeýär. Kesellän mallar gemosporidin, akaprin ýaly dermanlar bilen bejerilse, basym sagalýarlar.
[[Category:Maldarçylyk]] [[Category:Weterinarlyk]]
Babeziýa
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2006-11-25T22:00:38Z
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New page: '''BABEZIÝA''' (Babesia) ýa-da piroplazma (Piroplasma) — sarkodowlar klasynyň piroplazmidler hataryna degişli iň ýönekeý jandarlar urugy. Babeziýa diýen at g...
'''BABEZIÝA''' (Babesia) ýa-da piroplazma (Piroplasma) — sarkodowlar klasynyň piroplazmidler hataryna degişli iň ýönekeý jandarlar urugy. Babeziýa diýen at gara mallaryň ganynda bu urugyň parazitleriniň bardygyny ilkinji gezek açan (1888) rumyn alymy W. Babeşiň hatyrasyna dakylýar (1893). Babeziýalar gara malyň, gylýalyň, goýnuň, doňzuň, itiň ganynda parazit bolup ýaşaýar we olar agyr keselleri—babeziozlary döredýärler. Babeziýa süýdemdiriji haýwanlaryň ganyndaky eritrossitlerde her biri 2—4 jynsa bölünmek arkaly jynssyz köpelýärler. Babeziýa sakyrtgalaryň organnzminde (içegesinde ýa-da öýjük içinde) jynssyz köpelmek bilen, mallara şolar arkaly ýokuşýar.
[[Category:Maldarçylyk]] [[Category:Weterinarlyk]]
Category:Maldarçylyk
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Maldarçylyk barada makalalar..
[[Category:Oba Hojalyk]]
Category:Weterinarlyk
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Weterinarlyk barada makalalar...
[[Category:Oba Hojalyk]]
Babýof Grakh
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New page: BABÝOF (Babeut) Grakh (Fransua Noel, 1760-1797) — franssuz rewoýosýoneri, kommunist-utopist, Direktoriýa döwründe «Deňligiň hatyrasy üçin» diýen hereketiň ýolbbaşçysy. O...
BABÝOF (Babeut) Grakh (Fransua Noel, 1760-1797) — franssuz rewoýosýoneri, kommunist-utopist, Direktoriýa döwründe «Deňligiň hatyrasy üçin» diýen hereketiň ýolbbaşçysy. Ol Sen-Kantende garyp soldatyň maşgalasynda dogulýar. 1790 ýylynda sowa salgytlary tölemekden boýun gaçyrmak ugrundaky hereketi gurandygy üçin Pariž türmesine taşlanýar we ondan Ž. P. Maratyň kömegi bilen azat bolýar. 1793—94 ýyllarda ýene-de tussaglykda bolýar. Ol türmeden çykandan soň, termidorian Konwentiň syýasatyny öz gazetiniň üsti bilenn aýgytly tankyt edýär. Şonuň üçin ol 1795 ýylynyň fewralynda ýene-de tussag edilýär. Ol türmede «Deňligiň hatyrasy üçin» diýen guramanyň özenini düzýär. 1795 ýylyň 18 oktýabrynda Babýof türmeden çykyp, ýene gazetini çykaryp başlaýar. Babýof «gizlin gozgalaňçylar Direktoriýasyny» döredýer. Ol gurama ýaragly gozgalaň taýýarlaýar. Emma 1796 ýylyň 10 maýynda herekete gatnaşyjy Grizeliň dönühlik etmegi netijesinde guramanyň üsti açylýar we onuň ýolbaşçylarynyň hemmesi tussag edilýär. 1797 ýylyň 27 maýynda Wandomda bolan prossesden soň Babýof jezalandyrylyp öldürülýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Category:Şahsyýetler
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New page: Şahsyýetler
Şahsyýetler
Babizm
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New page: '''BABIZM''' — babitler sektasynyň dini taglymaty. Ol 19 asyryň 40 ýyllarynda Eýranda Bab tarapyndan esaslandyrylýar. Ol Eýran söwda burjuwasynyň peýdasyna jemgyýeti täze...
'''BABIZM''' — babitler sektasynyň dini taglymaty. Ol 19 asyryň 40 ýyllarynda Eýranda Bab tarapyndan esaslandyrylýar. Ol Eýran söwda burjuwasynyň peýdasyna jemgyýeti täzeden üýtgedip gurmak talaby bilen çykyş edipdir. Bab öz taglymatynda feodalsyz, açgöz ruhanysyz we daşary ýurtlularsyz monarhistik hökümet gurmagy, söwdagärleriň we hünärmentlernň şadyhorram ýaşamagyny ündäpdir. Eýran şasy ony Maku türmesine taşladypdyr. Bab turmede «Beýan» diýen kitabyny ýazypdyr. Onuň pikiriçe, bu kitap Gurhany çalşyrmaly eken. Eýranyň ezilýän halky bu taglymatyň feodalizme garşy taraplaryny kabul edip alyp, köp ýerlerde gozgalaň edipdir. Şol döwürde Bab öldürilipdir. Babyň taglymatlarynyň demokratik elementlerini ösdürenlerden iň görnüklisi molla Muhammet Aly Barforuçskiý bilen görnükli babitka Kurrat al-Aýnydyr. 1848 ýylda olar Şahrud şäheriniň golaýyndaky Bedaşt obasynda birnäçe ýüz babidi ýygnap ýygnak geçiripdirler. Şonda olar ähli döwlet düzgünleriniň, kanunlarynyň, salgytlarynyň, feodallara garaşlylygyň we hususy eýeçilignň ýatyrylmagyny, aýal-gyzlaryň erkek adamlar bilen deň hukukly bolmagyny talap edipdirler. Olar Barforuş şäherimiň golaýyndaky Mazanderanda gala gurup berkleşipdirler. Emma, gala şa goşuny tarapyndan alnyp, gozgalaň rehimsizlik bilen ýatyrylypdyr. Şondan soň hem babitleriň hereketi togtamaidyr Zenjan, Neýriz we Fars şäherlerinde hem babit gozgalaňlary bolupdyr. Bu gozgalaňlaryň şowsuz gutarmzgy netijesinde babit ýolbaşçylary terrorçylyk herekete başlapdyrlar. Olaryň 1852 ýylynda Eýran şasynyň janyna kast etmek üçin eden synanyşyklary hem başa barmandyr. Eýran feodallary we ruhanylar babitlerden rehimsizlik bilen öç alypdyrlar. Babizm esasynda soňra [[behaizm]] taglymaty döräpdir.
[[Category:Taryh]] [[Category:Syýasat]]
Babikow Gennadiý Fýodorowiç
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New page: '''BABIKOW Gennadiý Fýodorowiç''' (1911) — türkmen sowet hudožnigi, peýzažçy, TSSR-iň sungatda at gazanan işgäri (1967). Lipessk oblastynyň Ranenburg şäherinde dogulýar. O...
'''BABIKOW Gennadiý Fýodorowiç''' (1911) — türkmen sowet hudožnigi, peýzažçy, TSSR-iň sungatda at gazanan işgäri (1967). Lipessk oblastynyň Ranenburg şäherinde dogulýar. Ol Russiýa respublikasynyň çeperçilik akademnýasynyň (RRÇA) Moskwa studiýasyny gutarýar. Babikow talantly sowet hudožnikleri Y. I. Maşkowyň we P. P. Sokolow-Skalýanyň okuwçysy. 1935 ýyldan TSSR Hudožnikler soýuzynyň çleni. Babikowyň döredijiligi türkmen topragyny özgerdijilere bolan mähir bilen gurşalaidyr. Ol «Köpetdagyň eteginde», «Gudok», «Säher», «Çeleken», «Estakada», «Ýer», «Krasnowodsk porty», «Biziň Çelekenimiz» we beýleki ençeme görnükli eserleriň awtorydyr. Ol birnäçe medal bilen sylaglandy.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Help:Içindäkiler
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[[Category:Wikipedia]]
[[Category:Wikipediýa Ýardam]]
[[en:Help:Contents]]
Category:Wikipediýa Ýardam
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New page: Wikipedia Kömegi
Wikipedia Kömegi
Babitleriň gozgalaňlary
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New page: '''BABITLERIŇ GOZGALAŇLARY''' — 1848—52 ýyllar-da Eýranda bolan antifeodal we daşary ýurt kapitalyna garşy gönükdirilen halk gozgalaňlary. Babitleriň gozgalaňlarynyň her...
'''BABITLERIŇ GOZGALAŇLARY''' — 1848—52 ýyllar-da Eýranda bolan antifeodal we daşary ýurt kapitalyna garşy gönükdirilen halk gozgalaňlary. Babitleriň gozgalaňlarynyň hereketlendiriji güýçleri daýhanlar, hünärmentler, şäher garyplary we ownuk söwdagärlerdir. Gozgalaň babitleriň dini-syýasy taglymaty astynda bolup, oňa ruhanylaryň we söwdagärleriň aşaky gatlagynyň wekilleri ýolbaşçylyk edýär. Eýranyň jemgyýetçilik-ykdysady we syýasy taýdan yzagalaklygy Babitleriň gozgalaňynyň orta asyr halk hereketine mahsus bolan dini formada bolup geçmegine sebäp bolýar. Birinji gozgalaň 1848 ýylynyň sentýabrynda Mazanderan welaýatynda bolýar. Gozgalaňa, esasan, daýhanlar we hünärmentler gatnaşýarlar. Gozgalaňçylar hususy eýeçiligi ýatyrmaga, emläk umumylygyny we adamlaryň deňligini gazanmaga synanyşýarlar. Olar gozgalaň basyp ýatyrylýança, 1849 ýylynyň maýyna çenli, şa goşunlaryny yzyna serpikdirýärler. Ikinji gozgalaň 1850 ýylnyň iýun—dekabrynda Zenjan şäherinde bolýar. Munda hem birinji gozgalaňdaky ýaly şygarlar öňe sürülýär. Oňa aýallar hem aktiw gatnaşýar. 1850 ýylynyň ahyrynda gozgalaň basylyp ýatyrylýar. Üçünji gozgalaň 1850 ýylynyň iýunynda Neýrizde, Farsda bolup, birnäçe günden soň basylyp ýatyrylýar. Emma Neýriziň töweregindäki daglyk raýonlarda babitleriň ýaragly göreşi dowam edýär. Babitleriň gozgalaňlary ýatyrylandan soň, bu hereket köpçülikleýin häsietini ýitirýär we terrorçylyga öwrülýär.
[[Category:Taryh]]
Babko Anatoliý Kirilowiç
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New page: BABKO Anatoliý Kirillowiç (1905—1968) — sowet himik-analitigi, ''prof.'' N. A. Tananaýewiň şägirdi, USSR YA-nyň akademigi, USSR-yň ylymda at gazanan işgäri, 1940-njy ýyldan ...
BABKO Anatoliý Kirillowiç (1905—1968) — sowet himik-analitigi, ''prof.'' N. A. Tananaýewiň şägirdi, USSR YA-nyň akademigi, USSR-yň ylymda at gazanan işgäri, 1940-njy ýyldan SSKP çleni. B. Nowosibirsk oblastynyň Tomsk raýonynyň Sužden obasynda dogulýar. 1943 ýylyndan prof., 1944 ýylyndan Kiew uniwersitediniň analitiki himiýa kafedrasynyň müdiri bolup işleýär. Babko 1939 ýylynda USSR YA-nyň umumy we organiki däl himiýa institutynyň analitiki himiýa bölümini guraýar we ömrüniň ahyryna çenli oňa ýolbaşçylyk edýär. Onuň esasy ylmy-barlag işleri kompleks birleşmeleriň fiziki himiýasyna, olary analitiki himiýada ulanmaklyga, analiziň fotometrik we lýuminissent metodlaryna degişlidir. Ol 400-den gowrak ylmy işiň awtorydyr. Babko Lenin ordeni we başga-da birgnäçe orden hem medallar bilen sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]] [[Category:Alymlar]]
Babuşkin Iwan Wasilýewiç
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'''BABUŞKIN Iwan Wasilewiç''' (partiýa lakamy Nikolaý Nikolaewiç, Bogdan, Nowisskaýa we b.) (1873—[[1906]]) — bolşewik, rewolýusýoner. Özüniň rewolýussion işini 1893 ýylynda W. I. Leniniň ýolbaşçylyk eden gizlin işçiler kružogyňda başlaýar. 1895 ýylyndan başlap Peterburgdaky «Işçiler synpyny azat etmek ugrundaky göreş soýuzynyň» aktiw çlenleriniň biri bolýar. 1898 ýylynyň oktýabrynda RSDIP-niň Ýekaterinoslaw komitetini döredýär. W. I. Lenin tarapyndan esaslandyrylan «Iskra» gazetiniň aktiw habarçysy we Russiýada ony işjeň ýaýradyjy. Ol marksistik partiýany döretmek ugrundaky leninçilik hereketiň öň hatarlarynda bolup, «ykdysatçylaryň» garşysyna tutaýerli göreşýär. 1896—1903 ýyllarda rewýussion iş üçin Babuşkin üç gezek tussag edilýär. 1905—07 ýyllaryň rewolýussiasyna aktiw gatnaşýar. Ol RSDIP-niň Irkutsk we Çita komntetleriniň sostawyna girýär. 1906 ýylynyň ýanwarynda patyşa jellatlary tarapyndan atylyp öldürilýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
[[en:Ivan Babushkin]]
[[fr:Ivan Vassilievitch Babouchkine]]
[[ru:Бабушкин, Иван Васильевич]]
Babyr Zahyretdin Muhammet
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New page: '''BABYR Zahyretdin Muhammet''' (1483, Fergana—1530) — özbek ýazyjysy, döwlet işgäri, serkerde. Hindistanda Beýik Mogollar dinastnýasyny esaslandyryjy (1526). Babyryň «Babyrna...
'''BABYR Zahyretdin Muhammet''' (1483, Fergana—1530) — özbek ýazyjysy, döwlet işgäri, serkerde. Hindistanda Beýik Mogollar dinastnýasyny esaslandyryjy (1526). Babyryň «Babyrnama» atly bütin dünýä meşhur kitaby bar, onda şahyryň awtobiografiýasy beýan edilýär. Bu kitap üç bölümden (Fergana, Kabul, Hindistan) ybarat bolup, onda 1493—1529 ýyllardaky dürli wakalar beýan edilýär. Ol kitapda awtobiografik maglumatlardan başga, ýöriş ýazgylary hem bar. Onda Orta Aziýanyň, Owganystanyň, Hindistanyň tebigaty, şäherleri we oba durmuşy beýan edilýär, ýaşuly döwürdeşleri (Nowaýy, Binoýy we b.) barada maglumatlar berilýär. «Babyrnama» özbek edebiýatynda awtobiografik Žanryň ilkinji nusgasydyr. Bu kitap fars, iňlis, nemes, fransuz we rus dillerine terjime edildi. Babyryň rubagylaryny, gazallaryny we liriki hatlaryny öz içine alýan kiçiräk «Diwany» hem bar. Babyryň goşgulary we groza eserleri gadymy özbek edebi diliniň ösmeginde uly rol oýnapdyr.
[[Category:Taryh]] [[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Bab-el-Mandeb Bogazy
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'''BAB-EL-MANDEB BOGAZY''' (ar. Bab-el-Mandeb — gynanç derwezesi, ol ýerde suwda ýüzmek howply bolany üçin şu ady alypdyr) — Arabystan ýa. adanyň günorta-günbatar çet gyrasy bilenn Afrikanyň aralygyndaky bogaz. Ol Gyzyl deňzi Aden aýlagy hem-de Arabystan deňzi bilen birikdirýär. Iň dar ýeriniň giňligi 26,5 km. Farwaterde (gämi ýolunda) iň ýalpak ýerleriniň çuňlugy 182 m. Adalar arkaly aýry-aýry gollara bölünýär
[[Category:Bogazlar]]
Bawariýa
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'''BAWARIÝA''' (Bayern) — GFR-iň günorta böleginde ýerleşýän administratiw birlik. Meýdany 70,6 müň km<sup>2</sup>. Ilaty 10,5 mln. adam (1969). Administratiw merkezi Mýunhen şäheri. Baýern GFR-iň daglyk, baýyrlyk ýerlerinde ýerleşýär. Bu ýerde Alp daglarynyň iň belent nokady Ssugşpitsse 2963 ''m''-e ýetýär. Ýanwaryň ortaça temperaturasy 0°C,—3°C, iýulyňky +15°C, +29°C. Ýylyň dowamynda 935 ''mm'' ygal duşýär. Bawarýanyň territoriýasynyň 1/3 bölegi tokaýlykdyr, çemenlikleriň, dag çemenlikleriniň ep-esli bölegi şu regiondadyr. Uly derýalary Dunaý we onuň goşantlarydyr. Bawariýa GFR-iň industrial-agrar ýeridir. Senagatyň maşyn gurluşygy, elektrotehnika, dokma, azyk, nebiti gaýtadan işleýän pudaklary ösendir. Oba hojalygynda däne, gant şugundyry, kartoşka we başga ekinler ekilýär. Maýn derýasynyň jülgesiide üzümçilik bilen hem meşgullanylýar. Demir ýollaryň köpüsi elektrifikassiýalaşdyrylandyr. Dunaý we Maýn derýalary gämi gatiawly. Bawariýada 3 uniwersitet bar.
6 asyrda Bawariýa bawarlar diýen german taýpalary göçüp gelýärler. Bu territoriýanyň adynyň gelip çykyşy hem şonuň bilen baglanyşyklydyr. 788 ýylynda Bawariýa gerssoglygy derbi-dagyn edilip, onuň territoriýasy Frank döwletiniň düzümüne goşulýar. 10—13 asyrlaryň ahyrlarynda Karintiýa, bawar Gündogar markasy, Tirol, Zalssburg Bawariýa gerssoglygyndan bölünip aýrylýar. Gerssog Albreht IV (1467— 1508) Bawariýany birleşdirýär. 16—17 asyrlarda Bawariýa orta asyr Germaniýasynyň iň kuwwatly knýazlyklarynyň birine öwrülýär. 1806 ýylynda Bawariýa korollyk bolýar we Reýn birleşigine girýär. Napoleonyň uruşlary döwründe Bawariýanyň territoriýasy demirgazyk-günbatar tarapa ep-esli giňelýär. 1848 ýylynyň Mart rewolýussiýasynyň netijesinde Bawariýada daýhan borçlulyklarynyň käbirleri ýatyrylýar. 1871 ýylynda Bawariýa german imperiýasynyň düzümüne girýär. Germaniýanyň birleşdirilmegi Bawariýada hem kapitalizmiň ösmegini çaltlandyrýar. 1918 ýylynyň Noýabr rewolýussiýasynyň netijesinde Bawariýada respublikan hökümet döredilýär. 1919 ýylynyň aprelinde Bawariýa Sowet Respublikasy berkarar edilýär. Bawariýa Sowet Respublikasy Germaniýa hökümeti tarapyndan derbi-dagyn edilensoň, Bawariýa Germaniýa respublikasynyň sostawyna goşulýar. Şondan soň Bawariýa umumy german reakssnýasynyň daýanjyna öwrülýär. 1919 ýylynda Bawariýada nassional-sossialistik (faşistik) partiýa döredilýär. 1924—33 ýyllarda Bawariýada häkimiýet başynda Bawariýa halk partiýasy durýar. Faşistik diktatura döwründe (1933—45) Bawariýa faşizmiň merkezine öwrülýär. Faşistik partiýanyň merkezi Mýunhende bolup, nassional-sossialistler partiýasynyň (faşistleriň) gurultaýlary şol ýerde geçirilýär. 1945 ýylynda faşistik Germaniýa derbi-dagyn edilenden soň, Bawariýa amerikan okupassion zonasyna girýär. 1949 ýylyndan Bawariýa administratiw birlik hökmünde GFR-iň düzümünde durýar. Bawariýa GFR-de syýasy klerikalizmiň we neonassizmiň merkezleriniň biridir
[[Category:Geografiýa]]
Bawariýa Sowet Respublikasy
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'''BAWARIÝA SOWET RESPUBLIKASY''' — Oktýabr sossialistik rewolýussiýasynyň täsiri bilen Germaniýada ýaýbaňlanan rewolýussion ýokary göteriliş netnjesinde 1919 ýylynyň 13 aprelinde Bawarnýada dörän sowet respublikasy. Ol 1919 ýylynyň 1-nji maýyna çenli dowam edýär. 1918 ýylynyň Noýabr rewolýussiasyndan soň häkimiet başyna geçen sagçy s-d-laryň liderleriniň dönükçilikli syýasat ýöretmegi zerarly Bawariýada synpy göreş has ýitileşipdwr. Rewolýussion hereketiň çuňlaşmagyndan we öz täsiriniň ýitirilmeginden howatyrlanan Bawariýa s-d-lary köpçüligi aldamak maksady bilen sowet adyna perdelenen hökümet döretjek bolup synanyşypdyrlar. Kommunistler olaryň bu planlaryny paş edipdir. Emma Tolleriň baştutanlygyndaky «garaşsyz s-d-lar» 1919 ý-yň 7 aprelinde Sowet respublikasyny yglan edýärler. Tolleriň hökümeti halkyň bähbitlerini goramak üçin hiç bir iş geçirmändir, iş ýüzünde ol ýöne hyýaly sowet respublikasy bolupdyr. Buržuwa diktaturasyny aç-açan dikeltmek maksady bilen kontrrewolýussionerler tarapyndan guralan pitne Mýunhen işçileri tarapyndan basylyp ýatyrylýar. 13 aprelde Mýunhende häkimiýet kommunistleriň eline geçýär. Respublikanyň ýokary häkimiýeti bolan Hereket ednji komitet we kommunistleriň (E. Lewineniň we b-yň) başda durmagynda "Ýerine ýetiriji sowet" döredilýär. Hereket ediji komitetiň we Ýerine ýetiriji sowetiň düzümüne «garaşsyz s-d-dar» hem giripdir. B.S.R-nyň hökümeti proletar diktaturasynyň programmasyny amala aşyryp başlaýar: kärhanalarda işçi kontrollygyny giriznär, buržuwany ýaragsyzlandyrmaga girişýär, banklary millileşdirýär, Gyzyl Goşun düzýär, kontrrewolýussiýa garşy göreşmek boýunça adatdan daşary komissiýa döredýär. Emma Bawariýa kommunistleri öz işlerinde birnäçe ýalňyşlyklar goýberýärler. Olar garyp we orta daýhanlaryň ýagdaýlaryny gowulandyrmak, işçi synpy bilen daýhanlaryň birleşigini dikeltmek üçin gaýra goýulmasyz çäreler görmediler, içerki kontrrewolýussiýa garşy göreşde ýaýdanjaňlyk etdiler. B.S.R-na garşy Ebertiň-Şeýdemanyň merkezi german hökumetiniň birleşen ýaragly güýçleri we beýlekiler çykyş etdiler. Respublikanyň ýeňilmegine «garaşsyz s-d-laryň» başbozarlygy sebäp bolupdyr, olar töhmet we şugulçylyk edip, kommunistleriň hökümetiň düzümünden gitmeklerini gazanypdyrlar, soňra olaryň garşysyna front açypdyrlar. 1919 ýylynyň 1 maýynda B.S.R. dargadylýar, emma Gyzyl Goşunyň esgerleri şäheriň köçelerinde 5 maýa çenli söweşler alyp barýarlar.
[[Category:Taryh]]
Bagama Adalary
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2006-11-26T18:39:10Z
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New page: '''BAGAMA ADALARY''' (Bahama Islands) — Florida ýarym adasynda günorta-gündogar-da, West-Hindistandaky arhipelag. 1783 ýylyndan bäri Welikobrntaniýanyň koloniýasy. Meýdany 11,4 ...
'''BAGAMA ADALARY''' (Bahama Islands) — Florida ýarym adasynda günorta-gündogar-da, West-Hindistandaky arhipelag. 1783 ýylyndan bäri Welikobrntaniýanyň koloniýasy. Meýdany 11,4 müň km<sup>2</sup>. Ilaty 170 muň adam (1973). Administratiw merkezi — Nassau (100 müň adam, 1967). Iň uly adalary: Andros, Uly Abako, Uly Inagua we Uly Bagama. Bagama adalarynda karst hadysasy netijesinde emele gelen guýular, ýerasty gowaklar köpdür. Klimaty tropiki passat tipli. Ýanwaryň ortaça temperaturasy +20°C, +22°C, iýulyňky +28°C. Ýyllyk ygalyň möçberi 1100—1600 ''mm''. Tikenekli gyrymsy agaçlar, sawannalar, sosna agaçlary we ebedi gök tropiki tokaýlar bar. Agaç taýýarlamak we balykçylyk ösendir. Bagama aadalaryny 1492 ýylynda H. Kolumb açypdyr. Bagama adalary 1973 ýylynda özbaşdak döwlet boldy.
[[Category:Döwletler]] [[Category:Adalar]]
Bagana
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2006-11-26T19:03:45Z
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New page: '''BAGANA''' — garaköli we beýleki bagana berýän goýunlaryň (maliç, reşetilow, sokol) guzularynyň 1—3 günlükkä soýlup alnan derisi. Tüýüniň reňki boýunça Bagana gar...
'''BAGANA''' — garaköli we beýleki bagana berýän goýunlaryň (maliç, reşetilow, sokol) guzularynyň 1—3 günlükkä soýlup alnan derisi. Tüýüniň reňki boýunça Bagana gara, çal, ak, sur, kamary, gülgaz ýaly görnüşlere bölünýär. Sur Bagana her hili owadan öwüşgin atyp, garaköli bagananyň iň gowularynyň biri hasaplanýar. Eksport söwdasy we harytlyk üçin gara, çal hem sur Baganalar giňden ulanylýar. Bagananyň tüýüniň buýralary özboluşly her dürli bolýar, mes., «Galam gül», «Noýba gül», «Ýal gül», «Ýüzük gül», «Nohut gül». Olaryň iň gowusy «Galam gül» we «Noýba gül» hasaplanýar. B. özüniň harytlyk häsiýeti boýunça birnäçe sortlara bölünýär. Gara bagananyn 21 sorty bolup, onuň iň ýokary sortuna «Žaket» diýilýär. Türkmenistanyň hojalyklarynda öndürilýän Baganalara dünýä bazarynda ýokary baha berilýär. 1967 ýylynda halkara Leýpssig ýarmarkasynda türkmen gara-köli Baganasynyň hiline iň ýokary baha berlip, biziň ýurdumyza altyn medal we Diplom gowşuryldy. Ol sylaglar hemişelik saklamak üçin respublikanyň öňde baryjy hojalyklaryndan biri bolan «Üçajy» tohumçylyk sowhozyna berildi. TSSR-de soňky ýyllarda aýry-aýry hojalyklar ýokary hilli Bagana öndürmäge ýöriteleşdirildi. Olardan «Üçajy», «Rawnina» tohumçylyk sowhozlary we «Gazanjyk», «Amyderýa», «Gyzyl baýdak» tohumçylyk hojalyklary diňe gara reňkli ýokary hilli tohum garaköli dowarlary ösdürip etişdirmek bilen meşgullanýar. «Tallymerjen» tohumçylyk sowhozy, «Bäherden» sowhozy we Çärjew raýonynynyň ähli kolhozlary sur Bagana öndürmek üçii ýöriteleşdirildi, Kerki, Tagtabazar, Mary, Baýramaly, Kaka, Saragt, Çarşaňňy raýonlarynyň kolhozlary, «Galaýmor», «Pobeda» tohumçylyk hojalyklary, «Pograniçnik», «Çemenibit», 26 Baku komissarlary adyndaky sowhozlar çal Bagananyň zonasy diýlip bellenildi. Baganalar Çärjew garakölçülik zawodynda senagat usuly bilen işlenip bejerilýär.
[[Category:Maldarçylyk]]
Bagana önümçiligi
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2006-11-26T19:41:32Z
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New page: BAGANA ÖNÜMÇILIGI — 1—3 günlük garaköli guzularyň derisiniň soýlup alynmagy. Biziň ýurdumyzda bagana berýäň tohum goýunlaryň sany köp. Olaryň arasynda has ajaýyp we ...
BAGANA ÖNÜMÇILIGI — 1—3 günlük garaköli guzularyň derisiniň soýlup alynmagy. Biziň ýurdumyzda bagana berýäň tohum goýunlaryň sany köp. Olaryň arasynda has ajaýyp we owadan bagana berýänleri sokol, reşetilow, maliç we çuşka tohum goýunlarydyr, olar Ukrainada we Moldawiýada köpeldilýär. Şeýle-de bolsa olaryň hiç biri hem baganasynyň şekili, buýrasy, reňkiniň öwüşgini we derisiniň berkligi boýunça garaköli bagana bilen deňeşdnrilip bilinmez. Guzulary soýup, derisini almak işleri dowarçylyk fermalaryiyň ýöriteleşdirilei punktlarynda tehnologik talaplara laýyklykda geçirýalýär. Soýlup alnan deriler punktlarda duzlanýar. Bir derini duzlamak üçin 0,7—0,8 kg nahar duzy sarp edilýär. Ol takynan 6—10 güne çenli duzda ýatyrylýar. Duzlanan baganalar ýöriteleşdirilen stanoklarda arassalanýar. Garaköli baganalar arassalanandan soň, hojalyklaryň özünde sortlanýar we taýýarlaýyş guramalaryna ýa-da bagana zawodlaryna iberilýär. Käbir sebäplere görä sortlanan baganalar öz wagtynda iberilmese, onda olar üstüne agyr we tekiz tagtalar goýlan ştabellerde saklanýar. Baganalar ştabellerde saklanýan döwründe güýe degmez ýaly wagtal-wagtal barlanyp durulýar. Bagana zawodyndaky önümçilik prossesleri aşakdaky operassiýalardan ybaratdyr: 1) '''''ilkinji sortlamak''''' — bagaialary haryt we tehnologik häsiýetleri boýunça saýlap almak hem birdeň derejede işlener ýaly tapgyrlara bölmek; 2) '''''çyglamak''''' — baganadaky ereýän beloklary, tüýündäki hapasyny, çägesini we duzuny aýyrmak; 3) '''''ýuwmak''''' — baganadaky hapany, gan we duz galyndylaryny arassalamak maksady bilen ýörite barkaslarda 4 sagatlap ýuwmak; 4) '''''braklamak''''' — çyglamak netijesinde kemçilikli bolan baganalary saýlap aýyrmak; 5) '''''eýlemek''''' —çylşyrymly biohimiki prosses bolup, onda baganalar barkaslarda iri üwelen arpa ununyň we nahar duzu-yň suwdaky garyndysyndan taýýarlanan eýde ýatyrylýar. Bir baganany eýlemek üçin orta hasap bilen 0,3 ''kg'' arpa uny we 0,24 ''kg'' nahar duzy sarp edilýär; 6) '''''guratmak'''''— baganalar eýlenenden soň, olara simmetrik şekil bermek üçin serip guratmak; 7) '''''bagananyň gyralaryny dogrulamak''''' — eýlenen baganalaryň gyralaryny ýiti pyçak bilen kesip aýryp, olara dogry şekil bermek. Bagananyň gyralaryndan kesilip aýrylan bölekleriň bir meňzeşlerini tikin sehinde bir-birine çatyp, plastinalar taýýarlaýarlar; 8) '''''gaýtadan ýuwmak''''' — bagananyň tüý örtügindäki eýiň galyndylaryny we hapalaryny aýyrmak üçin elde ýa-da ýuwujy maşynlarda ýuwmak; 9) '''''gaýtadan guratmak''''' — çäge dökülen tekiz meýdanda baganany 2-3 s-lap ýere ýazyp guratmak. Garaköli baganalary eýlemek häzirki zaman tehnologiýasy bilen enjamlaşdyrylan bagana zawodlarynda amala aşyrylýar. Bu zawodlaryň biri hem respublikamyzyň Çärjewdäki garaköli bagana zawodydyr. Bagana zawodlary Buhara we Çimkent şäherlerinde hem bar.
[[Category:Maldarçylyk]]
Bagban
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2006-11-26T20:17:58Z
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'''BAGBAN''' — bagy bejerýän, idedýän we oňa seredýän adam. Bagbançylyk gadymdan gelýän kär bolup, Bagban miweli (alma, erik, şetdaly we b.) hem-de saýaly agaçlaryň topragyna, suwuna seredýär. Bagban agaçlaryň keseline, olara zyýan beriji mör-möjeklere garşy göreş çärelerini alyp barýar. Ol ylmyň gazananlaryny praktikada ulanyp, miweli baglaryň hasylyny artdyrmak, sortuny gowulandyrmak işi bilen meşgullanýar.
[[Category:Bagbançylyk]]
Category:Bagbançylyk
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Bagbançylyk
[[Category:Oba Hojalyk]]
Category:Aziýa
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2006-11-28T11:45:56Z
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New page: Aziya
Aziya
TurkmeNNet
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2006-11-28T11:54:18Z
Atamyrat
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New page: [GARALAMA - doy tayyar dal]
TurkmeNNet, 2004-nji yildan bari islap gelyan kompyuter tehnalogiyalary bilen gyzyklanyan turkmenler ucin web sahypasy. Kompyuter aleminden tazelikleri we gyzy...
[GARALAMA - doy tayyar dal]
TurkmeNNet, 2004-nji yildan bari islap gelyan kompyuter tehnalogiyalary bilen gyzyklanyan turkmenler ucin web sahypasy. Kompyuter aleminden tazelikleri we gyzykly makalalary turkmen dilinde cap edilyar we sorag-jogap ucin forum bar. [[Turkmenweb]] serekedinin hyzmady.
http://www.turkmennet.com/
Wikipedia:Garalama
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{{/Bu setire degman}}
test test test.. Ine ildeşler şeyle edilyar.. herkim islan zadyny yazmaga haky basr.. sagbolun. [[user:ga1taman|ga1taman]]
Ýasama akyl
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2006-12-14T02:25:18Z
Atamyrat
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[[Image:HONDA ASIMO.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Honda-nin adama menzes roboti]]
Ýasama Akyl (Iňlisçe: Artificial Intelligence, Turçe: Yapay zeka) - kompýuter ylymynyň bir bölegi bolup, awtomatlara akylly şekilde pikirlenmegi we özüni alyp barmagy öwretmek isleýän ylymdyr. Diller arasy terjime, ses tanamak, ýüz tanamak, el ýazgylary taňamak ýaly işler mysal bolup biler. Widýo oýunlarynda hem giňden ulanylýar, meşelem küşt programmalary ýada meňzeşleri.
== Taryhy ==
== YA Filosofiyasy ==
== Turing synagy ==
Awtomatlaryň akyllylygyny ölçemek üçin Turing synagy atly eksperiment geçirilýär. Bir otagda kompýuteriň başynda adam oturýar we 2 kişi bilen diňe ýazgy arkaly gürleşip bilýär. Olaryň biri adam, biri bolsa awtomat, ýöne haýsynyň haýsydygyny bilenok. Ol adam olaryň ikisinede sorag soraýar we jogaplaryny gözden geçirýär. Islän soragyny soramaga haky bar we ahyrynda, kimiň-kimdigini biljek bolmaly.
Egerde söhbetdeşlik dowamynda awtomat özüniň adamdan tapawudyny görkezmese, ol awtomadyň synagdan geçdigi bolýar, ýagny adamyňky derejede ýeterlik akyly bar.
[[ar:ذكاء اصطناعي]]
[[bn:কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা]]
[[bs:Vještačka inteligencija]]
[[bg:Изкуствен интелект]]
[[ca:Intel·ligència artificial]]
[[cs:Umělá inteligence]]
[[da:Kunstig intelligens]]
[[de:Künstliche Intelligenz]]
[[en:Artificial intelligence]]
[[et:Tehisintellekt]]
[[es:Inteligencia artificial]]
[[eo:Artefarita inteligenteco]]
[[eu:Adimen artifiziala]]
[[fa:هوش مصنوعی]]
[[fr:Intelligence artificielle]]
[[gl:Intelixencia artificial]]
[[ko:인공 지능]]
[[hi:आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस]]
[[hr:Umjetna inteligencija]]
[[io:Artifical inteligenteso]]
[[id:Kecerdasan buatan]]
[[ia:Intelligentia artificial]]
[[is:Gervigreind]]
[[it:Intelligenza artificiale]]
[[he:בינה מלאכותית]]
[[lt:Dirbtinis intelektas]]
[[jbo:rutni menli]]
[[hu:Mesterséges intelligencia]]
[[mr:कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता]]
[[nl:Kunstmatige intelligentie]]
[[ja:人工知能]]
[[no:Kunstig intelligens]]
[[pl:Sztuczna inteligencja]]
[[pt:Inteligência artificial]]
[[ro:Inteligenţă artificială]]
[[ru:Искусственный интеллект]]
[[simple:Artificial intelligence]]
[[sk:Umelá inteligencia]]
[[sl:Umetna inteligenca]]
[[sr:Вјештачка интелигенција]]
[[sh:Umjetna inteligencija]]
[[fi:Tekoäly]]
[[sv:Artificiell intelligens]]
[[th:ปัญญาประดิษฐ์]]
[[vi:Trí tuệ nhân tạo]]
[[tr:Yapay zekâ]]
[[uk:Штучний інтелект]]
[[zh:人工智能]]
[[Category:Matematika]]
Wikipedia:Garalama/Bu setire degman
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New page: <div style="text-align: center; background: #CBECEF; margin: .5em 10%; padding: 0 1em; border: #9F9Fcc 2px solid;">''Bu sahypa erkin garalamalar üçin açylandyr.'' <br> '''Bu sahypada ed...
<div style="text-align: center; background: #CBECEF; margin: .5em 10%; padding: 0 1em; border: #9F9Fcc 2px solid;">''Bu sahypa erkin garalamalar üçin açylandyr.'' <br> '''Bu sahypada eden üýtgetmeleriňizi, edil şonuň ýaly başga Wikipediýa sahypalarynda hem etmek mümkin.'''
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Ýokardan '''[http://tk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Garalama&action=edit edit'e]''' basyp birzatlar garalamana başlap bilersiňiz. Ýazanyňyzdan soňra "Save Page"'e basmagy unutmaň.
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Isleseňiz [[Help:Içindäkiler|Ýardam]] sahypalaryndan hem peýdalanyp bilersiňiz.
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<small>''Bellik: Bu sahypa "Garalama" bolandygy sebäpli, çolaşyk hala gelmesin diýip arada bir pozulýandyr. Indiki geleniňizde ýazgyňyzy görmeseňiz geň görmäň.''</small></div>
<includeonly>[[Category:Wikipediýa Ýardam]]</includeonly>
Category:Alymlar
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Alymlar
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Help:Içindäkiler/Başlangyç
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New page: erwer
erwer
Çaýhana
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== Islegler, Kararlar bu ýerde ediljekdir. ==
{{Baş sahypa kategori}}
tizden tiz şu yokardaky categorylary doldyrmaly. haysy bölümin aşagynda haysylkarynyn durjagyny gayrat edip yazayyn.. sagbolun. [[user:Ga1taman|ga1taman]]
Wikipedia:KSS
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New page: Bu sahypada Wikipediýa hakynda KSS('''K'''öp '''S'''oralýan '''S'''oraglar)'a berilen jogaplar boljakdyr.
== Hem Serediň ==
*-[[Help:Içindäkiler|Ýardam]]- taze makala açmak, üyt...
Bu sahypada Wikipediýa hakynda KSS('''K'''öp '''S'''oralýan '''S'''oraglar)'a berilen jogaplar boljakdyr.
== Hem Serediň ==
*-[[Help:Içindäkiler|Ýardam]]- taze makala açmak, üytgetmek we has köp mowzuk hakynda kömek.
*-[[Ýörelgeler]]-Wikipedia taze gelenler üçin düşündiriş.
Category:Döwletler
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New page: Döwletler
Döwletler
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New page: Daglar
Daglar
Image:Magtymguly Pyragy.jpg
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Magtymguly Pyragy
Magtymguly Pyragy
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Image:Matematika.png
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Image:Geografiya.png
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Image:Kabe.jpg
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Template:Baş sahypa kategori
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{|width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background-color:#f2f2ff" padding:10px"
|- valign="top"
|width="50%" align="left" style="font-size:95%; border-bottom:1px dashed #AAAAAA; background:transparent;"|[[Image:Medeniyet.png|45px|left]]'''[[:Category:Sungat|Sungat]] we [[:Category:Durmuş|Durmuş]]'''<br />
[[:Category:Diller|Diller]] ·
[[:Category:Saglyk|Saglyk]] ·
[[:Category:Sport|Sport]] ·
[[:Category:Syýasat|Syýasat]]
|style="padding:6px;font-size:1px"|
|width="50%" align="left" style="font-size:95%; border-bottom:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|[[Image:Matematika.png|52px|left]]'''[[:Category:Matematika|Matematika]] we [[:Category:Bilim|Bilim]]'''<br />
[[:Category:Fizika|Fizika]] ·
[[:Category:Himiýa|Himiýa]] ·
|- valign="top"
|width="50%" align="left" style="font-size:95%; border-bottom:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|[[Image:Magtymguly Pyragy.jpg|52px|left]]'''[[:Category:Şahsyýetler|Şahsyýetler]]'''<br />
[[:Category:Alymlar|Alymlar]] ·
[[:Category:Serdarlar we Hanlar|Serdarlar we Hanlar]] ·
|style="padding:6px;font-size:1px"|
|width="50%" align="left" style="font-size:95%; border-bottom:1px dashed #AAAAAA;"|[[Image:Tehnologiya.png|52px|left]]'''[[:Category:Tehnologiýa|Tehnologiýa]]'''<br />
[[:Category:Gurallar|Gurallar]] ·
[[:Category:Oba Hojalyk|Oba Hojalyk]] ·
[[:Category:Senagat|Senagat]] ·
[[:Category:Ykdysadyýet|Ykdysadyýet]]
|- valign="top"
|width="50%" align="left" style="font-size:95%"|[[Image:Kabe.jpg|52px|left]]'''[[:Category:Pelsepe|Pelsepe]] we [[:Category:Taryh|Taryh]]'''<br />
[[:Category:Din|Din]] ·
[[:Category:Edebiýat|Edebiýat]] ·
[[:Category:Jemgyýet|Jemgyýet]]
|style="padding:6px;font-size:1px;|
|width="50%" align="left" style="font-size:95%"|[[Image:Geografiya.png|52px|left]]'''[[:Category:Geografiýa|Geografiýa]] we [[:Category:Tebigat|Tebigat]]'''<br />
[[:Category:Daglar|Daglar]] ·
[[:Category:Döwletler|Döwletler]] ·
[[:Category:Materikler|Materikler]]
|}
Aşgabat Şäheri
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New page: Türkmenistanyn paytagty we ayratyn administratiw bölek. Welayatlar bilen den stautusy bar.
Türkmenistanyn paytagty we ayratyn administratiw bölek. Welayatlar bilen den stautusy bar.
Category:Oba Hojalyk
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New page: oba hojalyk
oba hojalyk
Category:Saglyk
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New page: saglyk
saglyk
Category:Adalar
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New page: Adalar
Adalar
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New page: Geografiýa
Geografiýa
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New page: [[Category:Geografiýa]]
[[Category:Geografiýa]]
Category:Şorluklar
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New page: [[Category:Geografiýa]]
[[Category:Geografiýa]]
Category:Diller
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New page: diller
diller
Category:Jemgyýet
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New page: Jemgyýet, milletler, halklar...
Jemgyýet, milletler, halklar...
Template:Köne görnüş
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New page: {|
|-
| align="left" valign="top" style="background:#F0F8FF; padding:10px"|
'''Matematiki we Tebigy Bilimler'''<br>
[[Kompýuter Inženerligi]] - [[Ekologiýa]] - [[Fizika]] - [[Astronomi...
{|
|-
| align="left" valign="top" style="background:#F0F8FF; padding:10px"|
'''Matematiki we Tebigy Bilimler'''<br>
[[Kompýuter Inženerligi]] - [[Ekologiýa]] - [[Fizika]] - [[Astronomiýa]] - [[Statistika]] - [[Himiýa]] - [[Matematika]] - [[Saglyk bilimi]] - [[Ýaşaýyş bilimi]] - [[Geologiýa]] - [[Türkmenistan]] - [[:Category:Geografiya|Geografiýa]] - [[Manga]] <br><br>
'''Amaly Sungatlar we Bilimler'''<br>
[[Maşgala we Sarpediji Bilimi]] - [[Kompýuter]] - [[Programmirleme]] - [[Döwlet]] - [[Bilim/Magaryf]] - [[Halk Gatnaşyklary]] - [[Hukuk]] - [[Iş dolandyrma]] - [[Aragatnaşyk]] - [[Kitaphana we maglumatlanma]] - [[Arhitektura]] - - [[Inzenerlik]] - [[Syýasat]] - [[Ekeranchylyk]] - [[Tehnologiýa]] - [[Medisina]] <br><br>
'''Jemgyýet Bilimleri we Pelsepe'''<br>
[[Antropologiýa]] - [[Arheologiýa]] - [[Bilim we Tehnologiýa Taryhy]] - [[Geografiýa]] - [[Dil]] -[[Pelsepe]] -[[Ykdysat]] - [[Mifologiýa]] - [[Psihologiýa]] - [[Syýasy Bilimler]] - [[Sosiýologiýa]] - [[Taryh]] - [[Jemgyýetbilim]]<br><br>
'''Medeniýet we Sungat'''<br>
[[Bagbançylyk]] - [[Tans]] - [[Din]] - [[Edebiýat]] - [[Hezillik]] - [[Kino]] - [[Çeper döredijilik we dizaýn]] - [[Heýkel]] - [[Hobbiler]] - [[Internet]] - [[Klassyklar]] - [[Agaçussaçylygy]] - [[Aşpezlik]] - [[Saz]] - [[Opera]] - [[Oýun]] - [[Radio]] - [[Surat]] - [[Sport]] - [[Şygyr]] - [[Dynç alyş]] - [[Tele yaylym]] - [[Teatr]] - [[Turizm]] - [[Türkmen]]
|}
Category:Syýasat
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New page: Syýasat
Syýasat
Category:Materikler
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New page: materikler
materikler
Category:Senagat
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New page: senagat
senagat
Category:Taryh
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Taryh mowzuguna degişli makalalar.
ABU MÜSLİMİŇ GOZGALAŇY
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[[ABU MÜSLİMİŇ GOZGALAŇY]] sahypasy [[ABU MÜSLIMIŇ GOZGALAŇY]] sahypasyna göçürildi: Türkmen elipbiýinde "İ" harpy yok. "I" harpy bilen üytgedildi.
#REDIRECT [[ABU MÜSLIMIŇ GOZGALAŇY]]
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<br clear=all>
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|-
| style="background: #ccccff; font-size: 110%" | '''[[Üst dereje döwlet internet kod]]lar'''
|-
| <small>'''Aktiw:'''</small> [[.ac]] [[.ad]] [[.ae]] [[.af]] [[.ag]] [[.ai]] [[.al]] [[.am]] [[.an]] [[.ao]] [[.aq]] [[.ar]] [[.as]] [[.at]] [[.au]] [[.aw]] [[.ax]] [[.az]] [[.ba]] [[.bb]] [[.bd]] [[.be]] [[.bf]] [[.bg]] [[.bh]] [[.bi]] [[.bj]] [[.bm]] [[.bn]] [[.bo]] [[.br]] [[.bs]] [[.bt]] [[.bv]] [[.bw]] [[.by]] [[.bz]] [[.ca]] [[.cc]] [[.cd]] [[.cf]] [[.cg]] [[.ch]] [[.ci]] [[.ck]] [[.cl]] [[.cm]] [[.cn]] [[.co]] [[.cr]] [[.cu]] [[.cv]] [[.cx]] [[.cy]] [[.cz]] [[.de]] [[.dj]] [[.dk]] [[.dm]] [[.do]] [[.dz]] [[.ec]] [[.ee]] [[.eg]] [[.er]] [[.es]] [[.et]] [[.eu]] [[.fi]] [[.fj]] [[.fk]] [[.fm]] [[.fo]] [[.fr]] [[.ga]] [[.gd]] [[.ge]] [[.gf]] [[.gg]] [[.gh]] [[.gi]] [[.gl]] [[.gm]] [[.gn]] [[.gp]] [[.gq]] [[.gr]] [[.gs]] [[.gt]] [[.gu]] [[.gw]] [[.gy]] [[.hk]] [[.hm]] [[.hn]] [[.hr]] [[.ht]] [[.hu]] [[.id]] [[.ie]] [[.il]] [[.im]] [[.in]] [[.io]] [[.iq]] [[.ir]] [[.is]] [[.it]] [[.je]] [[.jm]] [[.jo]] [[.jp]] [[.ke]] [[.kg]] [[.kh]] [[.ki]] [[.km]] [[.kn]] [[.kr]] [[.kw]] [[.ky]] [[.kz]] [[.la]] [[.lb]] [[.lc]] [[.li]] [[.lk]] [[.lr]] [[.ls]] [[.lt]] [[.lu]] [[.lv]] [[.ly]] [[.ma]] [[.mc]] [[.md]] [[.mg]] [[.mh]] [[.mk]] [[.ml]] [[.mm]] [[.mn]] [[.mo]] [[.mp]] [[.mq]] [[.mr]] [[.ms]] [[.mt]] [[.mu]] [[.mv]] [[.mw]] [[.mx]] [[.my]] [[.mz]] [[.na]] [[.nc]] [[.ne]] [[.nf]] [[.ng]] [[.ni]] [[.nl]] [[.no]] [[.np]] [[.nr]] [[.nu]] [[.nz]] [[.om]] [[.pa]] [[.pe]] [[.pf]] [[.pg]] [[.ph]] [[.pk]] [[.pl]] [[.pm]] [[.pn]] [[.pr]] [[.ps]] [[.pt]] [[.pw]] [[.py]] [[.qa]] [[.re]] [[.ro]] [[.ru]] [[.rw]] [[.sa]] [[.sb]] [[.sc]] [[.sd]] [[.se]] [[.sg]] [[.sh]] [[.si]] [[.sk]] [[.sl]] [[.sm]] [[.sn]] [[.sr]] [[.st]] [[.sv]] [[.sy]] [[.sz]] [[.tc]] [[.td]] [[.tf]] [[.tg]] [[.th]] [[.tj]] [[.tk]] [[.tl]] [[.tm]] [[.tn]] [[.to]] [[.tr]] [[.tt]] [[.tv]] [[.tw]] [[.tz]] [[.ua]] [[.ug]] [[.uk]] [[.us]] [[.uy]] [[.uz]] [[.va]] [[.vc]] [[.ve]] [[.vg]] [[.vi]] [[.vn]] [[.vu]] [[.wf]] [[.ws]] [[.ye]] [[.yt]] [[.yu]] [[.za]] [[.zm]] [[.zw]]
|-
| style="font-size: 90%;" |'''Reserwe/berilmedik:'''</small> [[.eh]] [[.kp]] [[.me]] [[.rs]] <small>'''Berilen/ullanylmadyk:'''</small> [[.bv]] [[.gb]] [[.sj]] [[.so]] [[.um]] <small>'''Başlangyç:'''</small> [[.su]] [[.tp]] <small>'''Pozulan/aýrylan:'''</small> [[.cs]] [[.dd]] [[.zr]]
|}
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| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | この利用者は'''[[:Category:User ja-1|少しだけ]][[:Category:User ja|日本語]]'''を話すことができます。 [[Category:User ja|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:User ja-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]
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magtymguly, bash ustune, goshgular
Bash ustune
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Ne diysen diyr: "Bash ustune!"
Ezmayyshyn (synag) kylar bolsan.
Hic tapylmaz ish ustunde.
Murtun towlap, her yan tartar.
Haybaty pelenden (gaplan) artar.
Gok dek gurlap damak yyrtar.
Tayyar bolan ash ustunde.
Ash ustunde it dek hyrlar
Yersiz-yere har(eshek) dek harlar.
Her tilki bir sir dek gurlar.
Myrdar olen lash ustunde.
Col yerde gowre galdyrma
Ol-da hoshdur, syr bildirme
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Diyseler: "Atlanha atlann!"
Mert yigit-ot ceynar syrtlan,
Yow (dushman,yagy) guni gayrata gatlan
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Akyl adamlykdan cykmaz
Bu ozum haywana yokmaz
Adam saklar guws(gulak) ustunde
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Ya bashyn biyr, ya bash alar
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[[Image:Christ Carrying the Cross 1580.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Isa pygamber]]
Isa (Isus Hristos; ) hristiýaň dini maglumatyna görä, hristiýaň dininiň düýbüni tutujy. Injilde aýdylýan rowaýatlara görä, Isa pynhan iş etmedik gyz Maryýadan (Merýemden) täsin ýol bilen doglanmyş. Palistinada dini wagyz nesihat ýöredip her hili gudrat görkezenmiş. Pomtiý Pylatyn hakymlyk edem ýyllarynda Isa hajyn ýüzüne çüýlenenmiş, emma üçüleňji gün direlip asmaňa gaýýp bolanmysh. Hristian taglymatyna görä Isa ýerde ikinji gezek peýda boljak we ähli janly-jansyz jemendelerin başyna kyýamat inderip, kasini jennete, kasini dowzaha iberjekmiş, şondan soň takwalaryň munýillyk salygy höküm sürjekmiş.
Isa musulmanlaryň arasynda hem pygamberiň biri hasaplanýar. Gurhanda aýdylşyna görä Isa palçykdan guş ýasap oňa jan berip korun gözüni açyp, ölüleri direldip bilýärmiş. Onuň adyna Türkmen klassiki şahyrlarynyň eserlerinde hem duş gelmek bolýar. Isanyň adyna aýdylýan gudratlar hem, onuň dogmagyna ölmegine direlmegine degişli ahlawatlar hem Towratyn köp sanly awtorlarynyň we redaktorlarynyň dini taslamalaryndan başga zat däldir.
== Seret ==
* [[Injil]]
[[en:Jesus]]
[[af:Jesus Christus]]
[[am:ኢየሱስ]]
[[ang:Iesus Crist]]
[[ar:مسيح]]
[[az:İsa]]
[[bn:যীশূ]]
[[be:Езус Хрыстус]]
[[bi:Jisas Kraes]]
[[bs:Isus]]
[[bg:Исус Христос]]
[[zh-min-nan:Iâ-so͘]]
[[ca:Jesús de Natzaret]]
[[cv:Иисус Христос]]
[[cs:Ježíš Kristus]]
[[cy:Iesu Grist]]
[[da:Jesus fra Nazaret]]
[[pdc:Yeesus Grischdus]]
[[de:Jesus von Nazaret]]
[[arc:ܝܫܘ]]
[[ee:Yesu Kristo]]
[[et:Jeesus]]
[[el:Ιησούς Χριστός]]
[[es:Jesús de Nazaret]]
[[eo:Jesuo Kristo]]
[[fr:Jésus de Nazareth]]
[[ga:Íosa Críost]]
[[gd:Iosa Chrìosd]]
[[ko:예수 그리스도]]
[[hy:Յիսուս Քրիստոս]]
[[hi:ईसा मसीह]]
[[hr:Isus]]
[[ilo:Jesus]]
[[id:Yesus Kristus]]
[[ia:Jesus Christo]]
[[is:Jesús]]
[[it:Gesù]]
[[he:ישו]]
[[kn:ಯೇಸು ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ]]
[[ka:ქრისტე]]
[[kk:Иса]]
[[kw:Yesu Krist]]
[[kv:Исус Христос]]
[[kj:Jesus Kristus]]
[[sw:Yesu]]
[[ku:Îsa]]
[[la:Iesus Christus]]
[[lv:Jēzus Kristus]]
[[lb:Jesus vun Nazaret]]
[[lt:Jėzus Kristus]]
[[li:Zjezus Christus]]
[[lg:Jesu Kristo]]
[[hu:Jézus]]
[[mk:Исус Христос]]
[[ml:യേശു ക്രിസ്തു]]
[[mi:Ihu Karaiti]]
[[mn:Есүс Христ]]
[[cdo:Ià-sŭ]]
[[ms:Yesus Kristus]]
[[na:Jesu Kristo]]
[[fj:Jisu Karisito]]
[[nl:Jezus Christus]]
[[ja:イエス・キリスト]]
[[no:Jesus Kristus]]
[[nn:Jesus]]
[[nrm:Jésus-Chrît]]
[[ny:Yesu Kristu]]
[[hz:Jesus Kristus]]
[[ug:ظةيسا]]
[[pa:ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀਹ]]
[[pl:Jezus Chrystus]]
[[pt:Jesus]]
[[ro:Isus din Nazaret]]
[[rm:Gesu da Nazaret]]
[[ru:Иисус Христос]]
[[sm:Iesu Keriso]]
[[sq:Jezusi]]
[[scn:Gesù Cristu]]
[[simple:Jesus]]
[[sk:Ježiš Kristus]]
[[sl:Jezus Kristus]]
[[sr:Исус Христос]]
[[sh:Isus]]
[[fi:Jeesus]]
[[sv:Jesus]]
[[tl:Hesus]]
[[ta:இயேசு கிறிஸ்து]]
[[tt:Ğaysa]]
[[th:พระเยซู]]
[[ty:Iesu Mesia]]
[[vi:Giê-xu]]
[[tg:Исо]]
[[tpi:Jisas]]
[[tr:İsa]]
[[tw:Yesu Kristo]]
[[uk:Ісус Христос]]
[[uz:Iso Masih]]
[[ts:Yesu Kreste]]
[[yi:ישו]]
[[zh-yue:耶穌]]
[[zh:耶稣]]
Mukaddes Injil
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203.173.138.159
Redirecting to [[Injil]]
#REDIRECT [[Injil]]
Category:Din
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2006-12-02T17:56:01Z
85.100.157.147
New page: dini mowzuklaryn bolup biljegi yer.
dini mowzuklaryn bolup biljegi yer.
Category:Bilim
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2006-12-02T17:57:12Z
85.100.157.147
New page: bilime degişli mozuklary tapmak mümkin.
bilime degişli mozuklary tapmak mümkin.
Category:Durmuş
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2006-12-02T17:57:28Z
85.100.157.147
New page: durmuş hakynda hemme zat.
durmuş hakynda hemme zat.
Category:Sungat
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2006-12-02T17:57:45Z
85.100.157.147
New page: sungat.
sungat.
December 3
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2006-12-03T21:54:32Z
64.27.20.205
New page:
579705947396836376211
579705947396836376211
Posta kodu
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2006-12-06T14:23:39Z
Atamyrat
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Adminler, bu sahypani pozmali...
Yasama akyl
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2006-12-06T14:29:17Z
Atamyrat
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[[Yasama akyl]] sahypasy [[Ýasama akyl]] sahypasyna göçürildi: Y -> Ý
#REDIRECT [[Ýasama akyl]]
Yüzölçümü
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2006-12-06T16:25:48Z
81.214.125.18
New page: Meýdany
Meýdany
Image:Alty garly.jpg
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Chopanov
131
Alty Garlyýew
Import
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2006-12-07T17:14:51Z
Atamyrat
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New page: '''IMPORT''' (inl [[en:import]], lat. importo-getirýän) ýurduň içwerki bazarynda ýerleshdirmek üçin harytlaryň daşary ýurtlardan getirilmegi. Import eksportyň (harytlary daşar...
'''IMPORT''' (inl [[en:import]], lat. importo-getirýän) ýurduň içwerki bazarynda ýerleshdirmek üçin harytlaryň daşary ýurtlardan getirilmegi. Import eksportyň (harytlary daşary ýurtlara çykarmagyň) tersinedir (seret: [[Daşary söwda]])
Impotensiyaonizm
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Atamyrat
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New page: '''IMPOTENSIYAONIZM''' (frans, impressionnisme; impression-tasir)- 19 asyryň ahyrynda we 20 asyryň başynda burjuaz sungatynda (ziwopisde, edebiyatda, sazda, teatrda we skulturada) ýüz...
'''IMPOTENSIYAONIZM''' (frans, impressionnisme; impression-tasir)- 19 asyryň ahyrynda we 20 asyryň başynda burjuaz sungatynda (ziwopisde, edebiyatda, sazda, teatrda we skulturada) ýüze çykan ugur. Impotensiyaonizm ilki fransuz ziwopisinde peyda bolýar. Onuň wekilleri (O.Renuar, K Mone we b.) sungatyn täzelenmegi ugrunda , fransuz salon akademizmini ýeňip geçmek üçin çalşypdyrlar. “Impotensiyaonizm” termini 1874 ýylda açylan sergiden soň peýda bolupdyr. Şol sergide K. Monenin “Tasir”, “Dogup gelýän gun” atly suratlary görkezilipdir. “Tasir” diýen kartinasynyn ady frans “Impression” bolupdyr. Bu ugur hudožnygyň durmusdan alan öz subyektiw gözegçiliklerini, syn etmelerini hem-de öz üýtgäp düryan duýgylaryny gam-gussalaryny gos-goni jemlemek we kesgitlemek prinsipine esaslanýar. Tiz wagtdan “Impressionistik stil” ýüze çykýar. Ol sungatyn beýleki ugurlaryna-da aralaşýar. Şoňabaka ol hakykylykdan daslasýar we stil, ugur bolmakdan özbaşdak metoda öwrülýär. Impotensiyaonizm aýratyn aralaşýar we 20 asyryň ortalarynda özbaşdak metodlagyny ýitirýär. Häzirki zaman edebiýatynda praktiki jähtden Impotensiyaonizm. Ýokdur. Impressionistler sungatyň wesipesini ýazyjynyň, hudožnygy öz dar şahsy tärlerini ruhy duýgularyny aňlatmakdan ybaratdyr. Diýip düsünýärler. Jemgyýetçilik durmuşdan arany üzmek, halk bähbitlerinden we talaplaryndan dashlashmak, öte indiwidualizm, mazmuny forma bilen çalshyrmak-ine şu häsiýetler Impotensiyaonizm-niň esasy aýratynlyklarydyr. Impessionistler soň-soňlar simwolizm täsirine düşýärler.
Iprowizasiya
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2006-12-07T17:17:41Z
Atamyrat
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New page: '''IPROWIZASIYA''' (frans, improvisation-duýdansyz, birden diýmek)-çeper eser döretmegiň bir ýoly. Şeýle ýagdaýda eser bada-bat döredilýär ýa-da döräp durka ýerine ýetiri...
'''IPROWIZASIYA''' (frans, improvisation-duýdansyz, birden diýmek)-çeper eser döretmegiň bir ýoly. Şeýle ýagdaýda eser bada-bat döredilýär ýa-da döräp durka ýerine ýetirilýär. Bu usul ayratynam halk döredijiliginde ýörgünli. Ol sungatyn köp görnüşine – aýdym-saza, poeziýa, teatra, tansa we ş.m mahsusdyr. Iprowizasiya teatr sungatynda ozaldan ýörite taýýarlanylan teksti bolmadyk, repetisiýa geçirilmezden, birden gurnalan sahnalarda uly rol oýnaýar. Türkmen milli sazynda we poeziyasynda hem onuň uly orny bar. Halk aýdymlarynyň köpüsi şul esasda döräpdir.Klassiki poeziýamyzda, aýratynam halk şahyrlarynyň dörediljiliginde impowizatorçylyk endigi güýçli. Iprowizasiya sungatyň sinkretik (gatyşyk) görnüşinde köp duýulýar.
Impuls
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2006-12-07T17:31:38Z
Atamyrat
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'''IMPULS''' (lat. Impulses-urgy), mehaniki impuls-mehaniki hereketiň ölçegi; material nokat üçin bu nokadyň massasyny t onuň tizligi V köpeltmek hasylyna deň bolan we tizligiň wektory: P=t*V yaly ugrukdyrylan wektor ululykdyr. Ol hem hereketiň mukdary ýalydyr. Wakumda ýagtylygyň tizligine S golaý bolan tizlik bilen hereket edýän bölejik üçin massasynyň tizlige baglylygyna:
Hasaba almak zeryrdyr, bu ýerde m0 dynçlykda duran bölejigiň (dynçlyk massasy diýilýän) massasy. Materiýanyn ähli formasy, şol sanda elektromagnit we grawitision meýdanlar hem Impuls-eýedir. Meýdanlar üçin olaryň guýjenmeleri, potesiallar we ş.m arkaly anladylýan Impuls-yň wektor dykyzlygyny girizýärler (meýdanyň tutýan göwrüm birliginiň Impuls-y)
<!--Interwiki-->
[[en:Impulse]]
[[da:Impuls (fysik)]]
[[de:Kraftstoß]]
[[hr:Impuls sile]]
[[ja:力積]]
[[ms:Impuls]]
[[pl:Popęd (fizyka)]]
[[fi:Impulssi]]
[[nl:Stoot]]
[[it:Impulso (fisica)]]
Impuls tranzistory
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2006-12-07T17:19:16Z
Atamyrat
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New page: '''IMPULS TRANZISTORY''' özünden geçýän signaly az wagtlap saklaýan we doýdunlyk resiminde az garşylygy bolan transistor. Ol impuls rejiminde netijeli işlemek üçin niýetlenendi...
'''IMPULS TRANZISTORY''' özünden geçýän signaly az wagtlap saklaýan we doýdunlyk resiminde az garşylygy bolan transistor. Ol impuls rejiminde netijeli işlemek üçin niýetlenendir.
Impulsiwlilik
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2006-12-07T17:20:39Z
Atamyrat
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New page: '''IMPULSIWLILIK''' (lat. Impuls-ugry, itekleme) – adamyn ozuni alyp barysh ayratynlygy. Impulsiwlilik adamyn dashky yagdaylaryn tasiri bilen bada janlanmagy, emosiyasyny, howul-hara her...
'''IMPULSIWLILIK''' (lat. Impuls-ugry, itekleme) – adamyn ozuni alyp barysh ayratynlygy. Impulsiwlilik adamyn dashky yagdaylaryn tasiri bilen bada janlanmagy, emosiyasyny, howul-hara hereket etmekligini yuze cykaryar. Impulsiwli adam oz hereketi barada oylanmayar, durli mumkincilikleri olcemeyar. Sheyle hem sonar oz eden hereketleri barasynda pushman edyar. Impulsiwlilik fiziolog taydan beyni gabygynyn uly yarym sharlaryndaky saklanma we 2-nji signal sistemasy tarapyndan kontrollygyn gowshakdygy bilen dushundirilyar. Impulsiwlilik hem tiz we guycli reaksiyany talap edyar. Emma situasiyalarda pikirlenilmegi, hereket esaslandyrylmagy we maksadalayyk cozulmegi talap edyan gayduwsyzlykdan tapawutlanyar. Impulsiwlilik belli bir erejede mekdebe cenli yashdaky cagalaryn hem-de bashlangyc mekdep okuwcylaryn ozlerini alyp baryshlarynda dush gelyar. Ol dogry terbiye bermek netijesinde galdyrylyan bilner.
Inbriding
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2006-12-07T17:21:48Z
Atamyrat
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New page: '''INBRIDING''' (inl. Inbreeding- yakyn garyndashlara kopelish) – yakyn garyndashlara mallary gatyshdyryp tohumlandyrmak arkaly kopeltmek, atanaklayyn tozalanyan osumlikleri mejbury sura...
'''INBRIDING''' (inl. Inbreeding- yakyn garyndashlara kopelish) – yakyn garyndashlara mallary gatyshdyryp tohumlandyrmak arkaly kopeltmek, atanaklayyn tozalanyan osumlikleri mejbury suratda oz ozunden tozanlandyryp kopeltmek. Tebigy Inbriding osumlikcilikde maldarcylykdaka garanda adaty hadysadyr. Bugday, arpa, shaly nohut, noyba, arahos, soya, pomidor, burc, shetdaly we gowaca yaly birentek ekinler oz ozunden tozanlanyar. Inbriding uzak wagtlap dowam etse, osumliklerde we mallarda zyyanly resessiw genlerin tasirinin yuze cykmagy mumkin, bu bolsa kemciligin doremegine, onumliligin yashaysh ukyplylygynyn peselmegine eltip biler. Mallarda (seyrek halatda osumliklerde-de) Inbriding gecirilende yashayysh ukyplylygy kadaly bolan ayry ugurlary almak bolyar.
Inwaginasiya
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2006-12-07T17:22:39Z
Atamyrat
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New page: '''INWAGINASIYA''' (lat. In-icinde we vagina-gyn, barda) 1)embriologiyada-pokgerme, gastrulyasiyanyn bir usuly bolu, munda duwuncegin diwarjygynyn bir bolegi onun ic boshlugyna tarap pokge...
'''INWAGINASIYA''' (lat. In-icinde we vagina-gyn, barda) 1)embriologiyada-pokgerme, gastrulyasiyanyn bir usuly bolu, munda duwuncegin diwarjygynyn bir bolegi onun ic boshlugyna tarap pokgerip, icki “gatshagazyny”-ilkinji entodermany emele getirilyar. 2) medisina praktikasynda-yokarky icegelerin ozunin ashakdaky bolekleri bilen colashmagy zerarly, iceganin dykyn alyp, ic yoremezligin bir formasy. Bu yagday aglaba cagalarda bolyar.
Inwaziya
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2006-12-07T17:23:15Z
Atamyrat
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New page: '''INWAZIYA''' (lat. Invasion-cozmak aralashmak) haywanat tebigatynyn parazitlerinin adama, haywanlara we osumliklere yokushmagy. Inwasiya aktiw hem-de passiw bolup bilyar. Aktiw Inwasiyad...
'''INWAZIYA''' (lat. Invasion-cozmak aralashmak) haywanat tebigatynyn parazitlerinin adama, haywanlara we osumliklere yokushmagy. Inwasiya aktiw hem-de passiw bolup bilyar. Aktiw Inwasiyada parazit organizima shikes yeten ya-da yetmedik deri ortugi , passiw Inwasiyada parazit organizme suw, iymit we s. m arkaly ralashyar.
Injil
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2006-12-23T11:16:27Z
Escarbot
88
robot Adding: [[ru-sib:Библия]]
'''INJIL''' (Yewangeliya euangelion-hosh habar) – Isus Hrist ([[Isa_Pygamber]]) barada gurrun beryan irki hristiancylyk eserler. Injil buthana tarapyndan Taze wesyetlere goshulan dini kadaly Injile-e we apokrifik Injile-e bolunyar. Dini kadaly Injil- hristian dini taglymatynyn we ybadatynyn esasy ceshmelerinden biridir. Buthanan tassyklamagyna gora, Hristin shagirtleri ya-da apostollaryn shagirtleri tarapyndan yazylypdyr. Injilin-in yazylan wagty sheyle hem onun hakyky awtorynyn kimdigi belli dal. Injilde durli syyasy we etnik toparlaryn durli meyilleri beyan edilyar. Mysal ucin, Lukanyn Injilinde baylary yazgarmak yiti hasiyete eye bolupdyr. Matfeyin Injilde baylygyn yazgarlyshy juda yuwmarlanypdyr. Bela betere garshylyk dal diyen ideyalar, kayyl bolmaly diyen cagyryshlar Injil-de ozunin anyk beyanyny tapypdyr. Bela betere garshylyk gorkezmeli daldigi her zada kayyl bolmalydygy we cydamlylygy bu bu dunyade gorulen gorgulere Derek o dunyade dowran suruljekdigi baradaky Injil-in undewlerini agalyk ediji synplar zahmetkeshleri hemishe oz gol astynda saklamak ucin peydalanypdyrlar. Shonun bilen birlikde Injilin garyp we sada bolmalydygy baradaky cagyryshlary kop halatlarda agalyk suruji buthanalaryn we sotsiyal densizligin esasly tankyt edilmegine sebap bolupdyr. Injilin kayyl bolmaga we sabyr edip cydamaga cagyrmagy bizin gunlermizde hem buthana we burjuaz dowletleri taraplardan imperializmin esaslaryny pugtalandyrmak maksatlary ucin ulanulyar.
[[cdo:Séng-gĭng]]
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Abylgazy Hanyň Türkmenlere garşy ýörişleri
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'''[[Abylgazy Bahadyr Han]]yň Türkmenlere garşy ýörişleri''' - 17. asyryň ortalarynda Hywa hanlygynda han begleriniň arasynda häkimiýet ugrunda syýasy göreş tutaşypdyr. Dürli toparlar bu göreşde özbek we türkmen begleriniň güýjünden peýdalanmaga çalşypdyrlar. Türkmen atly goşunynyň güýjüne daýanyp häkimiýet başyna geçen we ýurdy dolandyran Isfendiýar hanyň (1623-1642) döwründe, ylaýta-da ol ölenden soňra içki syýasy garşylyklar has-da ýitileşipdir. Türkmen begleri zerur pursatda aýgytly hereket edip bilmändirler. Bu bolsa özbek feodallaryna daýanyp öňden bäri Isfendiýara garşy göreşip gelen onuň inisi Abylgazynyň 1645 ýylda häkimiýet başyna geçmegine mümkinçilik beripdir. Şeýlelikde, Hywada özbek feodallarynyň agalygy dikeldilipdir. Abylgazy han öz häkimiýetini berkitmek we ýurtda türkmen tireleriniň soňuna çykmak maksady bilen türkmenlere garşy rehimsiz urşa başlapdyr. Ol ilki türkmenleri suwdan kesip, olary gowy ýerlerden gysyp çykaryp başlapdyr. Hanlygyň gündogar-demirgazyk bölegindäki özbek feodallarynyň ýerlerine täze kanallaryň geçirilmegi Derýalykda suwuň akymyny düýbünden togtadypdyr. Şeýlelikde, demirgazyk-günbatardaky ozal gülläp oturan galapyn türkmen ilatly welaýatlar, şol sanda Adak, Bezir, Buldumsaz, Ürgenç (Köneürgenç) ýaly şäherler hem çäklenmän, türkmen obalarynyň üstüne häli-şindi talaňçylykly çozuşlar gurap durupdyr. Türkmenlere garşy uruşda Abylgazy han ähtiýalanlygyň we namartlygyň iň ýaramaz serişdelerinden hem gaýtmandyr Ol 1646 ýylda Hywa türkmenleriniň köp sanly tanymal wekillerini Hazaraspyň ýanyndaky bir oba çagyrypdyr. Uly meýlisden soň, gijäniň bir wagty, öňünden gowy taýýarlanylan aýylganç gyrgynçylykda türkmen urug-tire ýolbaşçylarynyň we nökerleriniň 200-den gowragy gyrlypdyr. Gyrgynçylyga we talaňçylyga sezewar bolan, ýerden-suwdan mahrum edilen Hywa türkmenleriniň köpüsi häzirki Türkmenistanyň günorta etraplaryna gaçyp gitmäge mejbur bolupdyrlar. Emma bu ýerde hem Abylgazy han olary öz gününe goýmandyr. 1646 ýylyň aýagynda ol Tejende mekan tutan türkmenleriň üstüne dökülip, olary talapdyr, gyrypdyr. Şondan soň Tejen türkmenleriniň bir topary Mara, beýleki uly topary hem Ahala tarap gidipdir. 1648 ýylda Abylgazy han Ahaldaky türkmenleriň üstüne uly ýöriş gurapdyr. Şol wagt Abylgazy hanyň zulumundan gaçyp gelen türkmenleriň uly topary Bamy we Börme töweregine üýşen eken. Hywa goşunlary golaýlaşanda, olar öz maşgalalaryny we goşlaryny çölde gizläpdirler, özleri hem Börmede berkitme gurap, goranmaga taýýarlanypdyrlar. Uzaga çeken gan döküşikli söweşde berkitmäni goraýjylaryň köpüsi gurban bolupdyr. Abylgazy han Börmäni eýeländen soň, türkmenleriň çöldäki öý goşlaryny we maşgalalaryny olja alypdyr. 1651 ýylda Abylgazy han Demirgazyk Etrek çöllerinde çarwaçylyk edýän türkmenleriň üstüne çozupdyr. Hywa goşunlary köp sanly esir we mal sürüp äkidipdirler. 1653 ýylda Abylgazy han ýene-de Ahalyň üstüne ýöriş edip, Goçatanyň ýanyndaky emrelileriň birentek obasyny tozduryp gidipdir. Gaýdyşyn ol Dynar guýusynyň golaýynda oturan salyrlylaryň obasyny talapdyr. Köp sanly talaňçylykly çozuşlar we gyrgynçylyklar etmegine garamazdan, Abylgazy hana türkmen taýpalaryny boýun egdirmek başartmandyr.
[[Category:Taryh]]
Abylhaýyr Han (özbek)
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New page: Abylhaýyr Han (1412-68) - Jüçi neslinden bolan özbek hany (1428-68). Ol 1428 ýylda Turada (Günbatar Sibirde) han bolup, göçüp-gonup ýören özbekleriň feodal döwletini esasland...
Abylhaýyr Han (1412-68) - Jüçi neslinden bolan özbek hany (1428-68). Ol 1428 ýylda Turada (Günbatar Sibirde) han bolup, göçüp-gonup ýören özbekleriň feodal döwletini esaslandyrypdyr. Abylhaýyr han Sibirden Mawerannahra çenli bolan köp sanly taýpalary birleşdiripdir we Orta Aziýa aralaşmaga çalşypdyr. 1446 ýylda Temiritler döwleti bilen Mogolystanda içki feodal garşylyklar güýçlenipdir. Ol mundan peýdalanyp, 1447 ýylda Deşt we Gypjak sähralaryny Mawerannahr bilen birleşdirýän Syrderýa boýundaky birnäçe äherleri (Akgurgany, Arkugy, Üzgendi, Sygnagy, Suzagy) basyp alypdyr hem amatly söwda ýollaryna, ekerançylyk we öri meýdanlaryna eýe bolupdyr. Şondan soň Abylhaýyr han Temiritleriň içki göreşlerine gatyşyp başlapdyr. 1463-64 ýyllarda galmyklardan güýçli ýeňilýär. Abylhaýyr hanyň döreden döwleti özi ölenden soň dargaýar.
[[Category:Serdarlar we Hanlar]]
Abylhaýyr han (gazak)
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New page: Abylhaýyr han (1693-1748) - gazaklaryň Kiçi jüzüniň hany. Ol 18. asyryň 20 ýyllarynda jungarlara garşy göreşde ähli gazaklaryň opolçeniýesiniň başynda durupdyr. 1731 ýyld...
Abylhaýyr han (1693-1748) - gazaklaryň Kiçi jüzüniň hany. Ol 18. asyryň 20 ýyllarynda jungarlara garşy göreşde ähli gazaklaryň opolçeniýesiniň başynda durupdyr. 1731 ýylda ol Kiçi jüzüň aksakgallary, begleri, soltanlary we Orta jüzüň käbir soltanlary bilen birlikde Russiýanyň raýatlygyna geçmeklik barada kasam edipdir. Munuň özi Gazagystanyň Russiýa meýletin birikmekliginiň başlangyjy bolupdyr.
[[Category:Serdarlar we Hanlar]]
Aw
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2006-12-08T11:35:24Z
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New page: Aw - 1) eti, sütükli derisi, peri we ş.m. üçin tutulýan ýabany haýwanlar hem guşlar; 2) haýwanlary, guşlary awlamak maksady bilen olary gözlemek, yzarlamak, şikär.
[[Category...
Aw - 1) eti, sütükli derisi, peri we ş.m. üçin tutulýan ýabany haýwanlar hem guşlar; 2) haýwanlary, guşlary awlamak maksady bilen olary gözlemek, yzarlamak, şikär.
[[Category:Oba Hojalyk]]
Awaça sopkasy
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2006-12-08T11:36:34Z
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New page: Awaça sopkasy - Kamçatka ýarym adasynyň günorta-gündogaryndaky hereket edýän goşa wulkan. Onuň beýikligi 2741 m ýetýär. Awaça sopkasynyň töwereginde deňiz derejesinden 10...
Awaça sopkasy - Kamçatka ýarym adasynyň günorta-gündogaryndaky hereket edýän goşa wulkan. Onuň beýikligi 2741 m ýetýär. Awaça sopkasynyň töwereginde deňiz derejesinden 100-300 m beýiklikde bolan wulkanik plato ýerleşýär. Awaça sopkasy 1730 ýyldan bäri 15 gezek atylypdyr. Bu hadysanyň iň soňkusy 1945 ýylda bolupdyr. Deňiz derejesinden 1000 m beýiklikde wulkany öwrenýän stansiýa gurlupdyr.
[[Category:Wulkanlar]]
Category:Wulkanlar
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2006-12-08T11:37:13Z
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New page: wulkanlar..
[[Category:Geografiýa]]
wulkanlar..
[[Category:Geografiýa]]
Awangardizm
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2006-12-08T11:38:57Z
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New page: Awangardizm -20. asyrda ýüze çykan edebi ugruň şertli ady. Bu ugruň aýratynlygy realistik çeper obrazy döretmegiň öňki däplerinden arany üzmekden, beýan etmegiň täze seri...
Awangardizm -20. asyrda ýüze çykan edebi ugruň şertli ady. Bu ugruň aýratynlygy realistik çeper obrazy döretmegiň öňki däplerinden arany üzmekden, beýan etmegiň täze serişdelerini we eserleriň formal strukturasyny gözläp tapmakdan ybaratdyr. Awangardizm termininiň özi 20 ýyllaryň tankytlarynda ýüze çykdy we sungaty öwreniş ylmynda (şol sanda sowet sungaty öwreniş ylmynda-da) 50 ýyllarda ykrar edildi. Awangardizm 20. asyrda buržuaz medeniýetinde giň we çylşyrymly krizisiň emele gelmegidir, ol dünýä anarhik, subýektiw akyl ýetirmek esasynda ösdi.
[[Category:Edebi ugurlar]]
Category:Edebi ugurlar
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2006-12-08T11:40:14Z
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New page: edebi ugurlar
[[Category:Edebiýat]]
edebi ugurlar
[[Category:Edebiýat]]
Category:Edebiýat
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New page: Edebiýat
Edebiýat
Awans
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2006-12-08T11:46:02Z
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New page: Awans - 1) geljekki harajatlar üçin öňünden berilýän pul summasy; 2) şertnama boýunça bir kärhana tarapyndan beýleki kärhana geljekde gaýtaryp bermek şerti bilen berilýän ...
Awans - 1) geljekki harajatlar üçin öňünden berilýän pul summasy; 2) şertnama boýunça bir kärhana tarapyndan beýleki kärhana geljekde gaýtaryp bermek şerti bilen berilýän pul summasy; 3) kärhananyň ýa-da edaranyň öz işgärine çykdajy üçin berýän pul summasy. Awans birek-birege kredit bermegiň (bankdan daşary) formasydyr, ýöne ol sosialistik kärhanalaryň arasynda gadagandyr. Awans düýpli gurluşyk barada şertnama baglaşylanda, promysel kooperasiýasynda we kanun tarapyndan göz öňünde tutulan beýleki halatlarda berlip bilner. Awans pul ýa-da natural görnüşde adam günlerine laýyklykda aýma-aý ýa-da kwartallaýyn paýlanýar.
[[Category:Söwda]]
Category:Söwda
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2006-12-08T11:47:03Z
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New page: söwda
[[Category:Ykdysadyýet]]
söwda
[[Category:Ykdysadyýet]]
Awansirleýin kapital
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2006-12-08T11:49:15Z
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New page: Awansirleýin kapital - kapitalistiň önümçiligiň bir prosesinde haryt öndürmäge sarp eden harajaty. Kapitalistler öz harytlaryny ozal sarp eden harajatlaryndan ýokary nyrhda sat...
Awansirleýin kapital - kapitalistiň önümçiligiň bir prosesinde haryt öndürmäge sarp eden harajaty. Kapitalistler öz harytlaryny ozal sarp eden harajatlaryndan ýokary nyrhda satýarlar we şol prosesde işçi güýjüniň döreden goşmaça gymmatyny özlerine siňdirýärler. Kapitalistler dolanyşyk kapitalynyň aýlanyşygyny çaltlandyrmak bilen işçileri kapitalyň peýdalanyşyny ýokarlandyrýarlar, goşmaça gymmat öndürmegi artdyrýarlar. Sebäbi işçi özüniň işçi güýjüni kapitaliste belli bir döwür üçin, belli bir möçberdäki tölege satýar. Kapitalyň dolanýan böleginiň çalt aýlanmagy bolsa ekspluatasiýany güýçlendirip, goşmaça gymmaty artdyrýar. Awansirleýin kapital umumy aýlanyşygy esasy we dolanyşyk kapitalynyň aýlanyşygynyň ortaça ululygydyr.
[[Category:Söwda]]
Awanssena
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2006-12-08T11:51:10Z
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New page: Awanssena- sahnanyň öň bölegi. Awanssena oýnamak üçin meýdança hökmünde opera we balet spektakllarynda kän peýdalanylýar. Drama spektakllarynda awanssena ýapyk perdäniň ö...
Awanssena- sahnanyň öň bölegi. Awanssena oýnamak üçin meýdança hökmünde opera we balet spektakllarynda kän peýdalanylýar. Drama spektakllarynda awanssena ýapyk perdäniň öňünde çaklanja sahnajyklar üçin ulanylýar. Awanssena kämahallar baş gahrymanlar çykýarlar, onda rejisýorlar umumy spektakl bilen baglanyşykly her hili [[mizanssenalar]] gurýarlar.
[[Category:Sahna oýunlary]]
Category:Sahna oýunlary
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2006-12-08T11:51:41Z
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New page: sahna oýunlary
[[Category:Sungat]]
sahna oýunlary
[[Category:Sungat]]
Awantýura
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2006-12-08T11:52:26Z
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New page: Awantýura (fransuzça avantura - waka) - hakyky güýçleri, şertleri, ýagdaýlary nazara almazdan, kelesaňlyk we töwekgelçilik bilen başlanýan, şoňa görä-de ahyr netijede köp...
Awantýura (fransuzça avantura - waka) - hakyky güýçleri, şertleri, ýagdaýlary nazara almazdan, kelesaňlyk we töwekgelçilik bilen başlanýan, şoňa görä-de ahyr netijede köplenç puç bolup, şowsuzlyga uçraýan betpälçilikli, howply hereket; tötänleýin üstünliklere umyt baglaýan binamysçylykly iş.
Awar dili
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2006-12-08T11:53:16Z
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New page: Awar dili - Dagystanda ýaşaýan awarlaryň dili. Ol köp sanly ýerli gepleşikleri öz içine alýan iki sany uly topara bölünýär: 1) demirgazyk awar topary; 2) günorta awar topary...
Awar dili - Dagystanda ýaşaýan awarlaryň dili. Ol köp sanly ýerli gepleşikleri öz içine alýan iki sany uly topara bölünýär: 1) demirgazyk awar topary; 2) günorta awar topary. Awarlaryň edebi dili bolmas diýilýän dialektlere dil esasynda emele gelipdir. Awar diliniň häzirki elipbiýi rus grafikasy esasynda düzülendir. Onda çekimsiz sesler has köp ulanylýar, sintaksisi aýratyn ergatiw gurluşa degişliligi bilen tapawutlanýar. Awar dilinde 19 düşüm bar, işlikler düşüm bilen üýtgemeýär.
[[Category:Diller]]
Awar edebiýaty
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New page: Serediň: [[Dagystan edebiýaty]]
Serediň: [[Dagystan edebiýaty]]
Awariýa
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2006-12-08T11:54:30Z
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New page: Awariýa - dürli maşynlaryň, transport serişdesiniň uçurylýan apparatyň duýdansyz hatardan çykmagy. Awariýa önümçilikde tehnologik prosesleriň bozulmagy bilen ýüze çykýa...
Awariýa - dürli maşynlaryň, transport serişdesiniň uçurylýan apparatyň duýdansyz hatardan çykmagy. Awariýa önümçilikde tehnologik prosesleriň bozulmagy bilen ýüze çykýar.
Awarlar
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2006-12-08T11:55:27Z
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New page: Awarlar - Dagystanyň, esasan, daglyk böleginde ýaşaýan halk. Awarlaryň jemi xxxxxx adam. Awarlar Azerbaýjanyň (Belokany we Zakataly etraplarynda) hem ýaşaýar. Awarlar özlerini ...
Awarlar - Dagystanyň, esasan, daglyk böleginde ýaşaýan halk. Awarlaryň jemi xxxxxx adam. Awarlar Azerbaýjanyň (Belokany we Zakataly etraplarynda) hem ýaşaýar. Awarlar özlerini maarulal, ýagny daglylar diýip atlandyrýar. Olar war dilinde gepleýärler. Awarlar musulman dininiň sünni mezhebine uýýarlar. Olaryň esasy käri maldarçylyk, ekerançylyk we bagbançylykdyr. Köp awarlar senagatda işleýär. Olaryň edebiýaty we sungaty pajarlap ösdi. Milli kadrlary ösüp ýetişdi.
[[Category:Jemgyýet]]
Awaza
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2006-12-08T11:56:46Z
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New page: Awaza - Hazar deňziniň gündogar kenarynda, Türkmenbaşy şäherinden 18 km demirgazyk tarapynda ýerleşýän ilatly nokat. Awazada dynç alyş öýleri bar.
[[Category:Balkan welaýat...
Awaza - Hazar deňziniň gündogar kenarynda, Türkmenbaşy şäherinden 18 km demirgazyk tarapynda ýerleşýän ilatly nokat. Awazada dynç alyş öýleri bar.
[[Category:Balkan welaýaty]]
Awenarius
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2006-12-08T11:58:14Z
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New page: Awenarius (Avenarius) Rihard (19. XI. 1843-18. VIII 1896)- şweýsar filosof-idealisti, empiriokritisizmi esaslandyryjylaryň biri. Awenariusyň filosifiýasy Berkliniň, Ýumuň subýekti...
Awenarius (Avenarius) Rihard (19. XI. 1843-18. VIII 1896)- şweýsar filosof-idealisti, empiriokritisizmi esaslandyryjylaryň biri. Awenariusyň filosifiýasy Berkliniň, Ýumuň subýektiw idealizmini täzeden dikeltmäge synanyşykdyr. Onuň pikiriçe tejribe real dünýäniň aňda şöhlelenmesi bolman, aňyň içki mazmunydyr. Ol ruhy we maddy zatlary aňyň dürli elementleri hasaplaýar. Olaryň arasyndaky gatnaşyk adam bilen daşky dünýä arasyndaky gatnaşyk bolman, duýgynyň dürli elementleriniň gatnaşygydyr. Ol üçin aň bolmasa, materiýa ýok. Bu - dünýäniň materiýalaýyndagyny inkär edýär. Onuň tassyklamagyna görä ylym hadysalaryň arasyndaky sebäpli baglanyşygy öwrenmän, subýektiw tejribäniň gazananyny tertipleşdirmelidir.
[[Category:Filosoflar]]
Category:Filosoflar
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2006-12-08T11:58:43Z
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New page: Filosoflar..
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Filosoflar..
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Awerroizm
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2006-12-08T11:59:54Z
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New page: Awerroizm - orta asyr arap filosofy, akyldary, Awerroesiň (serediň: Ibn Rüşd Muhammet, 12 a.) we onuň yzyny dowam etdirijileriň döreden taglymaty esasynda ýüze çykan filosofik ak...
Awerroizm - orta asyr arap filosofy, akyldary, Awerroesiň (serediň: Ibn Rüşd Muhammet, 12 a.) we onuň yzyny dowam etdirijileriň döreden taglymaty esasynda ýüze çykan filosofik akym. Onuň wekilleri Aristoteliň filosofiýasynyň materialistik elementlerini ösdürýärler, materiýanyň, hereketiň ebediligi, material dünýäniň wagtda gutarnyksyz, ýöne giňişlikde çäklidigi hakyndaky ideýany, "hakykatyň ikiligi" (filosofiki hakykat we dini hakykat) teoriýasyny goldaýarlar we ruhuň ölmeýänligi hem-de o dünýä baradaky dini inkär edýär. Ibn Rüşdüň eserleriniň latyn diline terjime edilmegi bilen Awerroizm progressiw filosofiýasy, eretiki akym hökmünde Günbatar Ýewropa ýurtlarynda, ilkinji nobatda bolsa Fransiýanyň Pariž uniwersitedinde, Italiýanyň Paduan uniwersitedinde giň ýaýraýar.
[[Category:Filosofiki Akymlar]]
Category:Filosofiki Akymlar
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New page: filosofiki akymlar..
[[Category:Pelsepe]]
filosofiki akymlar..
[[Category:Pelsepe]]
Awgust
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2006-12-08T12:01:28Z
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New page: Awgust (b.e. öň 63 - b.e. 14) - Rim imperatory (b.e. öň 27-b.e. 14), diktator Ý. Sezaryň ýegeni. Ol b.e. öň 44 ýylyna çenli Gaý Oktawiý, 44 ýyldan Gaý Ýuliý Sezar Oktawian...
Awgust (b.e. öň 63 - b.e. 14) - Rim imperatory (b.e. öň 27-b.e. 14), diktator Ý. Sezaryň ýegeni. Ol b.e. öň 44 ýylyna çenli Gaý Oktawiý, 44 ýyldan Gaý Ýuliý Sezar Oktawian, 27 ýyldan imperator Gaý Ýuliý Sezar Oktawian Awgust adyny dakynypdyr. B.e. öň 44 ýylda Sezar ölenden soň, Sezaryň weteranlaryna we soldatlaryna daýanyp, ýeke-täk häkimiýet ugrunda göreşe başlapdyr. Respublika senatorçylar partiýasynyň serdarlary Brutuň we Kassiniň garşysyna göreşmek üçin, Antoniý we Lepid bilen II Triumwiraty döredipdir. B.e. öň 42 ýylda Brut bilen Kassini derbi-dagyn edenden soň, Awgust öz esasy duşmany Antoniniň garşysyna çykyş edipdir. Ol Antoniden üstün çykypdyr we Rim döwletiniň ýeke-täk hökümdary bolupdyr. Senat oňa Awgust (mukaddes, beýik) diýen hormatly at beripdir. Awgust Senata täze düzgün girizipdir. Ençeme sapar konsullyga, beýik žreslige saýlanypdyr, ömürlik halk tribuny edilipdir, ähli häkimiýet Awgustyň elinde jemlenipdir, Senat we halk ýygnagy onuň erkini ýerine ýetiripdir. Awgustyň girizen düzgüni boýunça respublika edaralary monarhiýa bilen çalşyrylypdyr. Bu syýasy gurluş Prinsipat (harby diktatura) diýlip atlandyrylypdyr. Awgust Rim imperiýasyna Demirgazyk-Günbatar Ispaniýany, Dunaý boýundaky welaýatlary we başgalary birikdiripdir. Awgustyň höküm süren döwründe Rimiň edebiýaty we sungaty gülläp ösüpdir.
[[Category:Baştutanlar]]
Category:Baştutanlar
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New page: Baştutanlar..
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Baştutanlar..
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Awgust Antipartiýa Bileleşigi
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New page: Awgust Antipartiýa Bileleşigi - RSDIP-niň hatarynda bozgakçylyk edýän toparlaryň we akymlaryň (troskiçileriň, likwidatorlaryň, otzowistleriň we bundçularyň) 1912 ýylyň Alp-...
Awgust Antipartiýa Bileleşigi - RSDIP-niň hatarynda bozgakçylyk edýän toparlaryň we akymlaryň (troskiçileriň, likwidatorlaryň, otzowistleriň we bundçularyň) 1912 ýylyň Alp-Arslan aýynda (Awgustda) bolşewiklere garşy döreden antipartiýa bilelişigi. Bu bilelişigiň guramaçasy Troskiý bolup, ol 1912 ýylyň Alp-Arslan aýynda Wenada konferensiýa çagyrdy. Konferensiýada antibolşewistik bileleşik düzüldi. Bu bileleşigiň esasy wezipesi bolşewikler partiýasyna, onuň leninçi MK-syna garşy göreşmekden, işçileriň ünsüni rewolýusiýon göreşden sowmakdan ybaratdy. Troskiý özüniň liniýasyny aralykçylyk, ylalaşykçylyk perdesi bilen örtüp, bolşewiklere-de, menşewiklere-de degişli däldirin, diňe olary ylalaşyrýaryn diýdi. Konferensiýada ýüze çykan agzalalyklar sebäpli Polşa plehanowçylar, wperýodçylar, olaryň yzy bilen hem latyşlar bu antipartiýa bileleşikden çykdylar. Ol bileleşik bolşewikleriň uran zarbalary astynda 1913-14 ýyllarda dargadyldy.
1939
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New page: <div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1934]] | [[1935]] | [[1936]] | [[1937]] | [[1938]] | '''1939''' | [[1940]] | [[1941]] | [[1942]] | [[1943]] | [[...
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1934]] | [[1935]] | [[1936]] | [[1937]] | [[1938]] | '''1939''' | [[1940]] | [[1941]] | [[1942]] | [[1943]] | [[1944]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
1938
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[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1933]] | [[1934]] | [[1935]] | [[1936]] | [[1937]] | '''1938''' | [[1939]] | [[1940]] | [[1941]] | [[1942]] | [[...
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[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1933]] | [[1934]] | [[1935]] | [[1936]] | [[1937]] | '''1938''' | [[1939]] | [[1940]] | [[1941]] | [[1942]] | [[1943]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
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[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1932]] | [[1933]] | [[1934]] | [[1935]] | [[1936]] | '''1937''' | [[1938]] | [[1939]] | [[1940]] | [[1941]] | [[...
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1932]] | [[1933]] | [[1934]] | [[1935]] | [[1936]] | '''1937''' | [[1938]] | [[1939]] | [[1940]] | [[1941]] | [[1942]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
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[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1901]] | [[1902]] | [[1903]] | [[1904]] | [[1905]] | '''1906''' | [[1907]] | [[1908]] | [[1909]] | [[1910]] | [[...
<div align=center>
[[19. asyr]] | '''[[20. asyr]]''' | [[21. asyr]] <br>
[[1901]] | [[1902]] | [[1903]] | [[1904]] | [[1905]] | '''1906''' | [[1907]] | [[1908]] | [[1909]] | [[1910]] | [[1911]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulynlar ==
== Ölenler ==
* [[Türkmenbaşy aýy]] - [[Babuşkin Iwan Wasilýewiç]], bolşewik, rewolýusýoner. (d. [[1873]])
Wikipedia:Yeni bir sayfaya başlamak
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IMPOTENSIYAONIZM
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'''IMPOTENSIYAONIZM''' (frans, ''impressionnisme''; impression - tasir) - 19 asyryň ahyrynda we 20 asyryň başynda burjuaz sungatynda (ziwopisde, edebiyatda, sazda, teatrda we skulturada) ýüze çykan ugur. Impotensiyaonizm ilki fransuz ziwopisinde peyda bolýar. Onuň wekilleri (O.Renuar, K Mone we b.) sungatyn täzelenmegi ugrunda , fransuz salon akademizmini ýeňip geçmek üçin çalşypdyrlar. “Impotensiyaonizm” termini 1874 ýylda açylan sergiden soň peýda bolupdyr. Şol sergide K. Monenin “Tasir”, “Dogup gelýän gun” atly suratlary görkezilipdir. “Tasir” diýen kartinasynyn ady frans “Impression” bolupdyr. Bu ugur hudožnygyň durmusdan alan öz subyektiw gözegçiliklerini, syn etmelerini hem-de öz üýtgäp düryan duýgylaryny gam-gussalaryny gos-goni jemlemek we kesgitlemek prinsipine esaslanýar. Tiz wagtdan “Impressionistik stil” ýüze çykýar. Ol sungatyn beýleki ugurlaryna-da aralaşýar. Şoňabaka ol hakykylykdan daslasýar we stil, ugur bolmakdan özbaşdak metoda öwrülýär. Impotensiyaonizm aýratyn aralaşýar we 20 asyryň ortalarynda özbaşdak metodlagyny ýitirýär. Häzirki zaman edebiýatynda praktiki jähtden Impotensiyaonizm. Ýokdur. Impressionistler sungatyň wesipesini ýazyjynyň, hudožnygy öz dar şahsy tärlerini ruhy duýgularyny aňlatmakdan ybaratdyr. Diýip düsünýärler. Jemgyýetçilik durmuşdan arany üzmek, halk bähbitlerinden we talaplaryndan dashlashmak, öte indiwidualizm, mazmuny forma bilen çalshyrmak-ine şu häsiýetler Impotensiyaonizm-niň esasy aýratynlyklarydyr. Impessionistler soň-soňlar simwolizm täsirine düşýärler.
[[Category:Sungat]]
IPROWIZASIÝA
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IPROWIZASIÝA (frans, ''improvisation'' - duýdansyz, birden diýmek)-çeper eser döretmegiň bir ýoly. Şeýle ýagdaýda eser bada-bat döredilýär ýa-da döräp durka ýerine ýetirilýär. Bu usul ayratynam halk döredijiliginde ýörgünli. Ol sungatyn köp görnüşine – aýdym-saza, poeziýa, teatra, tansa we ş.m mahsusdyr. Iprowizasiya teatr sungatynda ozaldan ýörite taýýarlanylan teksti bolmadyk, repetisiýa geçirilmezden, birden gurnalan sahnalarda uly rol oýnaýar. Türkmen milli sazynda we poeziyasynda hem onuň uly orny bar. Halk aýdymlarynyň köpüsi şul esasda döräpdir.Klassiki poeziýamyzda, aýratynam halk şahyrlarynyň dörediljiliginde impowizatorçylyk endigi güýçli. Iprowizasiya sungatyň sinkretik (gatyşyk) görnüşinde köp duýulýar.
[[Category:Sungat]]
IMPULS
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New page: '''IMPULS''' (lat. ''Impulses'' - urgy), mehaniki impuls-mehaniki hereketiň ölçegi; material nokat üçin bu nokadyň massasyny ''t'' onuň tizligi V köpeltmek hasylyna deň bolan we t...
'''IMPULS''' (lat. ''Impulses'' - urgy), mehaniki impuls-mehaniki hereketiň ölçegi; material nokat üçin bu nokadyň massasyny ''t'' onuň tizligi V köpeltmek hasylyna deň bolan we tizligiň wektory: ''P=t*V'' yaly ugrukdyrylan wektor ululykdyr. Ol hem hereketiň mukdary ýalydyr. Wakumda ýagtylygyň tizligine S golaý bolan tizlik bilen hereket edýän bölejik üçin massasynyň tizlige baglylygyna:
Hasaba almak zeryrdyr, bu ýerde m0 dynçlykda duran bölejigiň (dynçlyk massasy diýilýän) massasy. Materiýanyn ähli formasy, şol sanda elektromagnit we grawitision meýdanlar hem Impuls-eýedir. Meýdanlar üçin olaryň guýjenmeleri, potesiallar we ş.m arkaly anladylýan Impuls-yň wektor dykyzlygyny girizýärler (meýdanyň tutýan göwrüm birliginiň Impuls-y)
[[Category:Fizika]]
IMPULS TRANZISTORY
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New page: '''IMPULS TRANZISTORY''' - özünden geçýän signaly az wagtlap saklaýan we doýdunlyk resiminde az garşylygy bolan transistor. Ol impuls rejiminde netijeli işlemek üçin niýetlenen...
'''IMPULS TRANZISTORY''' - özünden geçýän signaly az wagtlap saklaýan we doýdunlyk resiminde az garşylygy bolan transistor. Ol impuls rejiminde netijeli işlemek üçin niýetlenendir.
[[Category:Tehnologiýa]] [[Category:Elektronika]]
IMPULSIWLILIK
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New page: '''IMPULSIWLILIK''' (lat. ''Impuls'' - ugry, itekleme) – adamyn ozuni alyp barysh ayratynlygy. Impulsiwlilik adamyn dashky yagdaylaryn tasiri bilen bada janlanmagy, emosiyasyny, howul-ha...
'''IMPULSIWLILIK''' (lat. ''Impuls'' - ugry, itekleme) – adamyn ozuni alyp barysh ayratynlygy. Impulsiwlilik adamyn dashky yagdaylaryn tasiri bilen bada janlanmagy, emosiyasyny, howul-hara hereket etmekligini yuze cykaryar. Impulsiwli adam oz hereketi barada oylanmayar, durli mumkincilikleri olcemeyar. Sheyle hem sonar oz eden hereketleri barasynda pushman edyar. Impulsiwlilik fiziolog taydan beyni gabygynyn uly yarym sharlaryndaky saklanma we 2-nji signal sistemasy tarapyndan kontrollygyn gowshakdygy bilen dushundirilyar. Impulsiwlilik hem tiz we guycli reaksiyany talap edyar. Emma situasiyalarda pikirlenilmegi, hereket esaslandyrylmagy we maksadalayyk cozulmegi talap edyan gayduwsyzlykdan tapawutlanyar. Impulsiwlilik belli bir erejede mekdebe cenli yashdaky cagalaryn hem-de bashlangyc mekdep okuwcylaryn ozlerini alyp baryshlarynda dush gelyar. Ol dogry terbiye bermek netijesinde galdyrylyan bilner.
[[Category:Psihologiýa]]
INBRIDING
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New page: '''INBRIDING''' (inl. ''Inbreeding'' - yakyn garyndashlara kopelish) – yakyn garyndashlara mallary gatyshdyryp tohumlandyrmak arkaly kopeltmek, atanaklayyn tozalanyan osumlikleri mejbury...
'''INBRIDING''' (inl. ''Inbreeding'' - yakyn garyndashlara kopelish) – yakyn garyndashlara mallary gatyshdyryp tohumlandyrmak arkaly kopeltmek, atanaklayyn tozalanyan osumlikleri mejbury suratda oz ozunden tozanlandyryp kopeltmek. Tebigy Inbriding osumlikcilikde maldarcylykdaka garanda adaty hadysadyr. Bugday, arpa, shaly nohut, noyba, arahos, soya, pomidor, burc, shetdaly we gowaca yaly birentek ekinler oz ozunden tozanlanyar. Inbriding uzak wagtlap dowam etse, osumliklerde we mallarda zyyanly resessiw genlerin tasirinin yuze cykmagy mumkin, bu bolsa kemciligin doremegine, onumliligin yashaysh ukyplylygynyn peselmegine eltip biler. Mallarda (seyrek halatda osumliklerde-de) Inbriding gecirilende yashayysh ukyplylygy kadaly bolan ayry ugurlary almak bolyar.
[[Category:Maldarçylyk]]
INWAGINASIYA
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New page: INWAGINASIYA (lat. ''In''-icinde we ''vagina''-gyn, barda) 1)embriologiyada-pokgerme, gastrulyasiyanyn bir usuly bolu, munda duwuncegin diwarjygynyn bir bolegi onun ic boshlugyna tarap pok...
INWAGINASIYA (lat. ''In''-icinde we ''vagina''-gyn, barda) 1)embriologiyada-pokgerme, gastrulyasiyanyn bir usuly bolu, munda duwuncegin diwarjygynyn bir bolegi onun ic boshlugyna tarap pokgerip, icki “gatshagazyny”-ilkinji entodermany emele getirilyar. 2) medisina praktikasynda-yokarky icegelerin ozunin ashakdaky bolekleri bilen colashmagy zerarly, iceganin dykyn alyp, ic yoremezligin bir formasy. Bu yagday aglaba cagalarda bolyar.
[[Category:Lukmanlyk]] [[Category:Anatomiýa]]
INWAZIYA
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New page: '''INWAZIYA''' (lat. ''Invasion''-cozmak aralashmak) haywanat tebigatynyn parazitlerinin adama, haywanlara we osumliklere yokushmagy. Inwasiya aktiw hem-de passiw bolup bilyar. Aktiw Inwas...
'''INWAZIYA''' (lat. ''Invasion''-cozmak aralashmak) haywanat tebigatynyn parazitlerinin adama, haywanlara we osumliklere yokushmagy. Inwasiya aktiw hem-de passiw bolup bilyar. Aktiw Inwasiyada parazit organizima shikes yeten ya-da yetmedik deri ortugi , passiw Inwasiyada parazit organizme suw, iymit we s. m arkaly ralashyar.
[[Category:Zoologiýa]] [[Category:Botanika]]
ISA
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New page: '''ISA''' (Isus Hristos; ) - hristian dini maglumatyna gora, hristian dininin duybuni tutujy. Injilde aydylyan rowayatlara gora, Isa pynhan ish etmedik gyz Mariyadan (Meryemden) tasin yol ...
'''ISA''' (Isus Hristos; ) - hristian dini maglumatyna gora, hristian dininin duybuni tutujy. Injilde aydylyan rowayatlara gora, Isa pynhan ish etmedik gyz Mariyadan (Meryemden) tasin yol bilen doglanmysh. Palistinada dini wagyz nesihat yoredip her hili gudrat gorkezenmish. Pomtiy Pilatyn hakimlik edem yyllarynda Isa hajyn yuzune cuylenenmish, emma uculenji gun direlip asmana gayyp bolanmysh. Hristian taglymatyna gora Isa yerde ikinji gezek peyda boljak we ahli janly-jansyz jemendelerin bashyna kyyamat inderip, kasini jennete, kasini dowzaha iberjekmish, shondan son takwalaryn munyyllyk shalygy hokum surjekmish.
Isa musulmanlaryn arasynda hem pygamberin biri hasaplanyar. Gurhanda aydylshyna gora Isa palcykdan gush yasap ona jan berip korun gozuni acyp, oluleri direldip bilyarmish. Onun adyna Turkmen klassiki sahyrlarynyn eserlerinde hem dush gelmek bolyar. Isanyn adyna aydylyan gudratlar hem, onun dogmagyna olmegine direlmegine degishli “keramatly” ahlawatlar hem Towratyn kop sanly awtorlarynyn we redaktorlarynyn dini taslamalaryndan bashga zat daldir.
[[Category:Din]] [[Category:Hristiýançylyk]] [[Category:Pygamberler]]
INJIL
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New page: INJIL (''Yewangeliya euangelion'' - hosh habar) – Isus Hrist (Isa) barada gurrun beryan irki hristiancylyk eserler. Injil buthana tarapyndan Taze wesyetlere goshulan dini kadaly Injile-e...
INJIL (''Yewangeliya euangelion'' - hosh habar) – Isus Hrist (Isa) barada gurrun beryan irki hristiancylyk eserler. Injil buthana tarapyndan Taze wesyetlere goshulan dini kadaly Injile-e we apokrifik Injile-e bolunyar. Dini kadaly Injil- hristian dini taglymatynyn we ybadatynyn esasy ceshmelerinden biridir. Buthanan tassyklamagyna gora, Hristin shagirtleri ya-da apostollaryn shagirtleri tarapyndan yazylypdyr. Injilin-in yazylan wagty sheyle hem onun hakyky awtorynyn kimdigi belli dal. Injilde durli syyasy we etnik toparlaryn durli meyilleri beyan edilyar. Mysal ucin, Lukanyn Injilinde baylary yazgarmak yiti hasiyete eye bolupdyr. Matfeyin Injilde baylygyn yazgarlyshy juda yuwmarlanypdyr. Bela betere garshylyk dal diyen ideyalar, kayyl bolmaly diyen cagyryshlar Injil-de ozunin anyk beyanyny tapypdyr. Bela betere garshylyk gorkezmeli daldigi her zada kayyl bolmalydygy we cydamlylygy bu bu dunyade gorulen gorgulere Derek o dunyade dowran suruljekdigi baradaky Injil-in undewlerini agalyk ediji synplar zahmetkeshleri hemishe oz gol astynda saklamak ucin peydalanypdyrlar. Shonun bilen birlikde Injilin garyp we sada bolmalydygy baradaky cagyryshlary kop halatlarda agalyk suruji buthanalaryn we sotsiyal densizligin esasly tankyt edilmegine sebap bolupdyr. Injilin kayyl bolmaga we sabyr edip cydamaga cagyrmagy bizin gunlermizde hem buthana we burjuaz dowletleri taraplardan imperializmin esaslaryny pugtalandyrmak maksatlary ucin ulanulyar.
[[Category:Din]]
INWALIDLIK
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New page: '''INWALIDLIK''' (lat. Invalidus-gowshak, kuwatsyz) - adamyn kesel ya-da mayyp bolmagy zerarly zahmete ukyplylygyny mydamaly, uzak mohletleyin doly, ya-da kem-kesleyin yitirmegi. Ilkinji I...
'''INWALIDLIK''' (lat. Invalidus-gowshak, kuwatsyz) - adamyn kesel ya-da mayyp bolmagy zerarly zahmete ukyplylygyny mydamaly, uzak mohletleyin doly, ya-da kem-kesleyin yitirmegi. Ilkinji Inwalidlik (shol ylda ilatyn arasynda inwalidlige ilkinji gezek gecirlenler) we umumy I (ilatyn arasyndaky ahli inwalidler) bolyar. SSSr-de adamyn zahmete ukyplygyny yitirish derejesine baglylykda inwalidler 3 gruppa bolunyar. Inwalidlerin 1nji grupbasy zahmete ukyplylygyny mhletleyin ya-da uzak mohletleyin ya=da mydamalyk yitiren komek we gozegcilik edilmegine matac bolan adamlarra, sheyle hem yorite guralan indiwidual shertlerde (yorite stehlarda, oyde ish enjamlarynda we b-da) ayry ayry ishleri yerine yetirmage uygunlashyp biljek adamlara bellenilyar. I-nin 2 nji grupbasy zahmete ukyplylygyny uzak mohletleyin ya-da mydamalyk kem-kesleyin ya-da doly yitirip, komege we gozegcilik edilmegine matac bolmadyk adamlara sheyle hem gaytalap durian kesellilere, el-ayak we b. organlary anatomic taydan shikeslere dayanc hereketlendiriji aparatlary nasaglara, gozunin gorshi peselip yorite doredilen shertlerde ishlap biljek adamlara sheyle hem keseli beterleship ishin hemme gornushinde uzak wagtlayyn ishlemage rugsat edilmeyan adamlara bellenilyar.
I nin 3-nji grupbasy saglyk yagdayy sebapli onki karinde (hunarinde) ishlemeklige mumkinciligi bolman pes kwalifikasyyaly ishe gecmeklige zerur bolan adamlara bellenilyar. Kesel zerarly on pes klafikasyyaly ishe gecirilen ya-da nasaglygy sebapli ozal ishe yaramadyk adamlar, sheyle hem karine garamazdan, kesel sebapli organlary (el ayagy we s.m,) kadaly ishlemeyanler hem shu grupba giryar. SSSr-de adamlaryn zahmete yarawlylygynyn yitirilish derejesi (I. grupbasy) wrac ekspert komissiyasy (WTEK) tarapyndan bellenilyar. 1nji grupba I. her iki yyldan 1 gezek 2 we 3nji grupba I. her yylda 1 gezek gaytadan kesgitlenip bellenilyar. Anatomik taydan shikesi ya keseli has otushen islendik yashdakylara, sheyle hem inwalidlere: 60 yashdan gecen erkek adamlara, 55 yashdan gecen ayal adamlara I. mohletsiz bellenilyar. Inwalidlere I. derejesine gora jemgiyetcilik we dowlet tarapyndan belli bir mocberde maddy komekler, zahmetde yenillikler, medisina we bashgalar berilyar. Kapitalistik yurtlaryn aglabasynda dine doly I. kem-kesleyin pensiya bilen upjun edilyar.
[[Category:Lukmanlyk]] [[Category:Keseller]]
INWERTAR
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New page: '''INWERTAR''' - oy hojalygynda we onumcilikde ulanylyan durli predmetler, esbap-gurallar.
[[Category:Gurallar]]
'''INWERTAR''' - oy hojalygynda we onumcilikde ulanylyan durli predmetler, esbap-gurallar.
[[Category:Gurallar]]
INWERSIYA
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New page: '''INWERSIYA''' - haysy-da bolsa bir sozun manysyny nygtamak ya-da butin sozleme ayratyn tasirli ahen bermek maksady bilen, sozlemdaki sozlerin ornunyn uytgedilmegi. I. poeziyada kop dush ...
'''INWERSIYA''' - haysy-da bolsa bir sozun manysyny nygtamak ya-da butin sozleme ayratyn tasirli ahen bermek maksady bilen, sozlemdaki sozlerin ornunyn uytgedilmegi. I. poeziyada kop dush gelyar. I. goshgularda sozlerin belli bir ritmik yerleshishini talap edyan goshgy duzulish olceglerinin haysy-da bolsa birini saklamak ucin ulanylyar. Mazmunyn emosiyanal hasyetini okyja yetirmekde ol uly rol oynayar. I. dine bir poezyanyn dilinde dal-de prozada hem gahrymanlaryn dilini indiwiduallashdyrmakda cepercilik maksatlar ucin I. janly gepleshik dilinde hem kop dush gelyar.
[[Category:Edebiýat]]
INGALYASIYA
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New page: INGALYASIYA (lat. ''Inhalo'' - dem alyaryn) – dem alma arkaly derman maddalary organizme girizme metody. I. ucin derman maddalary bug, gaz, aerosol (tusse cygly we yagly duman) gornushun...
INGALYASIYA (lat. ''Inhalo'' - dem alyaryn) – dem alma arkaly derman maddalary organizme girizme metody. I. ucin derman maddalary bug, gaz, aerosol (tusse cygly we yagly duman) gornushunde peydalanylyar. I. tebigy hem-de emeli bolyar. Sagaldysh maksatlaryy ucin peydalanylyan deniz, ceshme, tokay (purli agaclaryn) ya-da dag howasy tebigy I. derman maddalaryndan dem almak bolsa emeli I-dyr. Emeli I. durli apparatlaryn (ingalyatorlaryn) komegi bilen dem alysh yollarynda derman maddalaryny goybermek arkaly
Amala ashrylyar. Bug halynda Kabul edilyan derman maddalary bugun ya-da gysylan howanyn komegi bilen tozadylyar we guyguc formally cuyshe ya-da agzy-burny ortyan maska arkaly dem alysh yoluna dushurilyar. Dem alynyan bugun t-sy 45 gradus toweregi bolmaly. I. ucin ashgarlar, ereyji sulfamid preparatlary, antibiotikler peydalanylyar. I aglaba dem alysh organlarynyn cishme kesellerinde Kabul edilyar. Organism ucin zyyanly shertlerde= himiya, sement we b. zadlarda ishleyan ishciler ucin yorite ingalyator gurulyar. I apparatlarynyn gocme we stasionar tipleri bolyar
[[Category:Lukmanlyk]]
INGI
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New page: '''INGI''' - icki organlaryn ya-da icrakde yerleshen dokumalaryn oz yerlerini uytgedip, dashky ortuginin bitewiligine zyyan yetirman, derasty ya-da myshsara kletcatka boshluklaryna cykmagy...
'''INGI''' - icki organlaryn ya-da icrakde yerleshen dokumalaryn oz yerlerini uytgedip, dashky ortuginin bitewiligine zyyan yetirman, derasty ya-da myshsara kletcatka boshluklaryna cykmagy. Adamlarda koplenc garyn ingisi bolyar. I-nin doreyshine gora dogabitdi we son doran (operasiyadan son we bashga yagdaylarda) gornushleri bolup biler. Garyn I-sinin doran yerine gora gasyk, but, gobek, yanjyk we icki (diafragma, garyn yaglary) I-ler yaly gornushleri bolyar. I-nin doremegine garyn boshlugynyn diwarynda bolyan uytgeshmeler we anatomic gurlushynyn (gasyk ginishliginin we gobek halkasynyn)we bashgalaryn ayratynlyklary sebap bolyar. Shu sebaplerin utgashmagy netijesinde garyn boshlugynyn diwarynyn gowshak yerleri pokgeryar we I. haltasy doreyar. I. haltasyna ayry-ayry organlar (koplenc halatlarda ince icege, garyn yagy) giryar. Dashky I. onat bildiryar. Keselli yatanda I-nin pokgerip cykan yeri oz-ozunden ya-da cala basylanda, garyn boshlugyna gidyar. I otusdigice ulalyar we hereket edilende azar beryar. Deri astyndaky I haltasyna dushen organlara sahel bir zat bolsa zeper yetmegi mumkin. Icki organlar I haltasynda kop saklansalar, olar ozara bitishyar. Sheyle bolanda I-nin son yerine yetip bolmayar. I-nin agyr gornushi onun gysylmagydyr. Usgurlende we agyr fiziki ish we s.m zerarly bedene agram salynanda I.haltasyna icege dushup gysylyar. Sheyle yagdaylarda I-ni yerine eltmek kyn, ony operasiya etmeli.
<br>
'''Bejerilishi:''' I. dine hirurgiya yoly bilen bejerilyar. Yorite dany (bandaj) peydalanylanda, I wagtlayynca onatlashyar. Yone icki organlaryn ozara bitishmegine we garyn boshlugynyn gowshamagyna eltyar. I-nin beterleshmezligi ucin, ol hokman operasiya edilmelidir.
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'''Profilaktikasy:''' nasaga bedenterbiye bilen meshgullanmak hroniki usgulewugin bejertmeklik, horlanmazlyk, asha semremezlik, ayallara gowreli wagty gushak (bandaj) danmaklyk we cagasy bolandan son, garyn muskullaryny massaj etmelik maslahat berilyar.
[[Category:Lukmanlyk]] [[Category:Keseller]]
INGIBIOTORLAR
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New page: INGIBIOTORLAR(lat. ''inhibeo'' - togtatyan, duruzyan)-biyalogiyada fermentlerin aktiwligini peseldyan tebigy we sintetik maddalar: olar tasir edishleri, mahsus ayratynlyklary we bashga has...
INGIBIOTORLAR(lat. ''inhibeo'' - togtatyan, duruzyan)-biyalogiyada fermentlerin aktiwligini peseldyan tebigy we sintetik maddalar: olar tasir edishleri, mahsus ayratynlyklary we bashga hasiyetleri boyunca tapawutlandyrylyar. Janly organazimde gecyan madda calshygynyn onumleri, fermentlerin tebigy I-y bolup bilyarler. I. fermentlerin katalitik tasirlerinin mehanizmini owrenmek, beloklaryn funkksiyonal toplarynyn tebigatyny takyklamak, durli-durli fermentatiw proseslerin madda calshygyndaky rolyny ashgar etmek ucin ginden ulanylyar. I-nyn praktiki ahmiyeti uludyr, mes zyyanly mor-mojeklere we hashal otlara garshy goreshmek ucin zaherli himikatlary ulanmaklyk I-yn shol organizmlerin yashamagy ucin mohum prosesleri ingibirlemek ukyplary bilen baglanshyklydyr. Kabir farmaklogik serishdelerin we dermanlaryn tasirleri hem fermantatiw reaksiyalaryn ingibirlenmegine esaslandyrylyar. “I” termini, esasan, haysyda bolsa bir cylshyrymly biologic prosesin gecmegine pasgel beryan maddalary (mesrelem osumligin osmeginin ingibiotorlary) gorkezmek ucin ulanylyar.
[[Category:Biologiýa]]
INGUSHLAR
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New page: '''INGUSHLAR''' (ozlerini galgay diyip atlandyryarlar) – Cecen-Ingush ASSR-nyn gb. Rayonlarynda, dag etekleinde we tekizlik zolakda, sheyle hem Bash Kawkaz dagynyn merkezi boleginin julg...
'''INGUSHLAR''' (ozlerini galgay diyip atlandyryarlar) – Cecen-Ingush ASSR-nyn gb. Rayonlarynda, dag etekleinde we tekizlik zolakda, sheyle hem Bash Kawkaz dagynyn merkezi boleginin julgelerinde yashayan halk. I-nyn sany 158 mun adam (1970). Olar ingush dilinde gepleyarler. I-nyn dine ynanyanlary yslam dininin sunni mezhebine uyyarlar. In gadymy ingush obalary daglyk yerlerde yerleship, I ayry-ayry taypa-urug toparlara (jemgiyete) bolunip yashapdyrlar. Olaryn daglyklardan duz yerlere gecmegi 16-17 asyrlarda bashlanyp, 19 asyryn 30-60 yyllarynda has-da guyclenipdir. I-yn ilkinji obalaryndan biri Angush (Ingush) bolupdyr. I-nyn ady hem Angush (Ingush) atly obanyn adyndan gelip cykypdyr. I-yn esasy karleri ekerancylykdan, maldarcylykdan we bagcylykdan ybarat bolupdyr. Hazir I-yn kopusi senagatda medeni durmushy duypgoter ozgeryar. Sowatsyz yok diyilyar, milli intelligensiyasy osup yetishyar, teatry we ceper edebiyaty doreyar. I-yn taryhy, ykdysadyyeti we medeniyeti barada Cecen Ingush ASSR-y (seret) diyen makalada gin maglumat berilyar.
[[Category:Milletler]]
INDEW
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New page: '''INDEW''' (Eruca)-atanakguller mashgalasyna degishli biryyllyk otjumak osumlik. I. aprel-may aylarynda gulleyar we miweleyar. Onun guli koplenc sargylt agymtyl, miwesi uzyn, cunkli kosuj...
'''INDEW''' (Eruca)-atanakguller mashgalasyna degishli biryyllyk otjumak osumlik. I. aprel-may aylarynda gulleyar we miweleyar. Onun guli koplenc sargylt agymtyl, miwesi uzyn, cunkli kosujek gornushinde bolyar. Yewropanyn go-synda, Kawkazda. Gb. Sibirde, Dg we Go Afirkada I-in 5-6 gornushi bar. SSSr-in go. Rayonlarynda kahahalatlarda onun yag beryan bir gornushi ekilyar. Turkmen halkk medisinasynda I. derman hokuminde, esasan hem, ganyn basyshy yokarlan mahallarynda we kabir ic keselleri ucin ulanylyar.
[[Category:Botanika]] [[Category:Ösümlikler]]
INDEYLER
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New page: '''INDEYLER''' - Amerkanyn yerli ilatynyn umumy ady (eskimoslardan we aleutlardan bashgasy). Bu at ilkinji denizde yuzujilerin (15 asyryn ayagynda X. Kolumb we b.) Atlantik okeanyn anyrsyn...
'''INDEYLER''' - Amerkanyn yerli ilatynyn umumy ady (eskimoslardan we aleutlardan bashgasy). Bu at ilkinji denizde yuzujilerin (15 asyryn ayagynda X. Kolumb we b.) Atlantik okeanyn anyrsynda acan yerlerine Hindistan diyip yallnysh dushunmeklerinden gelyar. I. antropologik gurlyshy taydan amerikan jansyza degishli. Amerikadaky I-in umumy sany takmynan 30 mln-dan gowrak (1960). I-in dil bolunshigi oran kop. Olaryn dili entek ylmy taydan kadaly owrenilmandir. I-in dini ynanclary boyunca gecmishde durli urug-taypa kultlarynda (shamanism, totemizm galyndylary we.b) uymak bolupdyr. Hazirki I-de shol kultlar hudaylar hokmunde Amerikanyn dine barmasy kyn we cet rayonlarynda yashayan taypalarda saklanyp galypdyr. I-nin kopusi hristiancylygy: Go. Amerikada, esasan, kotolizmi, Dg. Amerikada yashayanlaryn aglabasy bolsa protestantizmin durli mezheplerini Kabul edipdirler. I-in we eskimoslaryn ata-babalary 30-20 munyyllyklarda Dg-Gd Aziyadan Bering bogazynyn usti bilen Amerika gocup barypdyrlar diyip cak edilyar. Amerikanyn yewropalylar tarapyndan koloniyalashdyrylyp ugralmagy bilen (16 asyrdan bashlap), I-nin durmushynda duypli ozgershikler bolup bashlayar. Yewropa kolonizatlary I-in tebigy osushinin togtamaga calyshyarlar. Kolonizatlar Dg. Amerikada I-in kopusini garypdyrlar, ep-esli bolego bolsa ABSH-nyn we Kanadanyn rezerwasiyalarda gocurilipdir. Dine materigin cet dg-yndaky yerli I. yarym carwa durmushynda yashayarlar, ABSH-daky I-in kop bolegi amerikanlar bilen assimilleship Amerikanyn shaher we oba proletariatynyn hem-de garyp fermerlerinin hataryna goshulyarlar. Latyn Amerikasyndaky (West-Hindistan, Uragway, Argentina) I-in kop taypalary gyrlypdyr I-in dine z bolegi (Amazonka) deryasynyn basseyinnin cet yerleri
Oz medeni-durmush gurlushyny saklapdyr. Latyn Amerikasyndaky birnace yurtlaryn hazirki milletlerinin (meksikalaryn, paragwaylaryn, peruanlaryn) we b-yn emele gelmeginde I. olaryn esasy sostaw bolegi bolyar. Birnace dowletlerde ispan dili bilen birlikde I=in dili hem ulanylyar (yagny-kecya-Peruwda, Boliwiyada, Ekuadorda, guarani- paragwayda ikinji resmi dil hasap edilyar.). I-yn dunya medenyetine goshan goshandy uludyr. I. ajayyp arhitektura yadygarliklerini, shekillendirish, sungatyny, shahyrana halk doredijiligini doretdi.
[[Category:Milletler]]
INDEKS
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'''INDEKS''' - indeksasiya (lat. ''Index''-gorkeziji, spisook). 1) atlaryn,predmetlerin gorkezjisi, restri we s.m shertli belgilerin sistemasy (harply, bibliografik I.., neshitryat I-I, kitap sowdasynyn I-I, pocta, azyk onumlerinin, dermanlarynyn we
s. m-min. ondurilen wagtyny we saklanysh mohletini gorkezyan I-ler . Seret: I-ler statistikasyda. 2) I. (matematikada)-matematiki anlatmalary bir-birinden tapawutlandyrmak ucin harp ya-da san gorkezjisi, mes..Xo,Xi,A3,An we s.m. Bu yerde O,I,3,N indeksidir.
INDEKSLER
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New page: '''INDEKSLER''' - statiskada durli sostawly zatlaryn jeminin umumy dinamikasynyn mukdar taydan hasiyetlendiryan otnositel ululygy anladyar. Mysal ucin, dowlet bolek satuw nyrhlary SSSR 64/...
'''INDEKSLER''' - statiskada durli sostawly zatlaryn jeminin umumy dinamikasynyn mukdar taydan hasiyetlendiryan otnositel ululygy anladyar. Mysal ucin, dowlet bolek satuw nyrhlary SSSR 64/50=0,76 (ya 76%), yagny bu gorkeziji SSSR-de 1964 nji yylda dowlet sowdasynda ahli bolekleyin satuw nyrhlarynyn umumy derejesi 1950 yyldaky derejesine garanda 0,76 ya-da 76% diymekdir. Bashgaca aydylanda, umumylykda alnan shol nyrhlar shol dowrun icinde ortaca 0,24 ya-da 24% arzanlady diyilgidir. Islendik I. elementlei bolup shu ashakdakylar hasaplanyar: a) indeksirlenyan ululyk; b)I-in tipi (formasy); w) I-in agramy; g)hasaplanylan mmohleti . I-in elementine (a) baglylykda nyrhlaryn I-i, onumin fiziki (natural) mocberinin I-I zahmet ondurjiliginin I-I we s.m bolar. I-in tipine (b) baglylykda agregat i-ini we ortalyk I=I tapawutlandyrmak bolar. Ortalyk I. (formalaryna garap) ortalyk arifmetiki I-e, ortalyk geometric I-e ortalyk garmonik I-e we s.m bolunyar. Agramyna (w) baglylykda yonekey (agramy cekilmedik) I. we agramy cekilen I. tapawutlandyrylyar. Hasaplanylan mohletine (g) baglylykda bazisli I. (durnukly, hic wagt uytgemeyan bazaly) we zynjyr gornushli I. (eger her gundelik mohletde indeksirlenyan ululygyn san ahmiyeti onun shondan ozalky mohletdaki elementi bilen deneshdirilyan bolsa) tapawutlandyrylyar.
[[Category:Statistika]]
BAGDADY Şöwki
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'''BAGDADY Şöwki''' (26. VII. 1928, Baniýas ş.) — Siriýa ýazyjysy we Žurnalisti. 1951 ý-da Ýokary mugallymçylyk institutynyň edebiýat fakultetini gutarýar. «Siriýa ýazyjylarynyň ligasyny» esaslandyryjylaryň biri (1951), 1954 ý-dan onuň sekretary. Ýaşlaryň we studentleriň Buharestde (1953), Warşawada (1955) geçirilen halkara festiwallaryna gatnaşýar. Eserleri «At-Tarik» (Beirut), «As-Sakafa al-wataniýa» («Milli medeniýet», Beirut) we «Al-Jadit» («Täze») dieň zdebi Žur-lar-da çap ednlýär. B-nyň «Kwartalymyz gzn gusýar» («Haýýuna ýabsuku damman») diýen ilkinji hekaýalar ýygyndysy 1954 ý-da çykýar. Ol başga-da birnäçe poetik ýygyndylaryň awtorydyr. Ýazyjynyň hekaýalarynyň gahrymanlary zähmetkeş adamlardyr.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Bagdat
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New page: '''BAGDAT''' — şäher, Yrak resp-synyň paýtagty. Ýurduň esasy senagat, transport, söwda, ylym we medeniýet merkezidir. Şäheriň düýbi 762 ýylynda tutulýar. Bagdat Ýakyn Gü...
'''BAGDAT''' — şäher, Yrak resp-synyň paýtagty. Ýurduň esasy senagat, transport, söwda, ylym we medeniýet merkezidir. Şäheriň düýbi 762 ýylynda tutulýar. Bagdat Ýakyn Gündogaryň iň belli medeni we söwda merkezidir. Bagdat şäheri Tigr derýasynyň ikiýan kenarynda deňiz derejesinden 34 ''m'' belentlikde ýerleşýär. Bagdatda ýanwaryň ortaça gradusy +10°, iýulyňky +34°. Ýöne iýulda howa aşa gyzyp, ''t''-nyň 4-50° ýetýän wagty-da bolýar. Bir ýylda ortaça 163 ''mm'' ygal ýagýar. Bagdatda 2 mln. 361,8 müň adam ýaşaýar (1968). Bagdat diňe Yragyň däl, eýsem tutuş Ýakyn Gündogar ýurtlarynyň-da esasy howa, demir we awtomobil ýollarynyň uzelidir. Ýurtdaky işçileriň 40%-i Bagdatda jemlenendir. Bagdatda nebiti gaýtadan işläp bejerýän zawod, nah mata, trikotaž, gön-aýakgap kärhanalary we iri sement, metal işleýän zawodlary bar. Bagdadyň kärhanalary ýurtda öndürilýän ähli senagat önümleriniň 60%-ini berýär. Bagdatda uniwersitet 1956 ýylynda açyldy. 1940 ýylyndan bäri Ylymlar Akademiýasy işleýär.
[[Category:Şäherler]]
Bagdat Pakty
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[[BAGDAT PAKTY]] sahypasy [[Bagdat Pakty]] sahypasyna göçürildi
'''BAGDAT PAKTY''' — 1955 ý-yň 24 few-ynda Bagdýatda Yragyň we Türkiýeniň (soňra Angliýa, Eýran we Pakis-tan goşulýar) arasynda baglaşylan agressiw harby şertnama. Munuň özi SENTO diýilýän agressiw harby bileleşigiň başlangyjy boldy.
[[Category:Taryh]]
BAGDAT PAKTY
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[[BAGDAT PAKTY]] sahypasy [[Bagdat Pakty]] sahypasyna göçürildi
#REDIRECT [[Bagdat Pakty]]
Bagjyk
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New page: BAGJYK — köýnegiň, donuň, çäkmeniň we başga käbir geýimleriň ýakasyny birikdirmek üçin edilýän bag. Ol ýüpek, nah sapakdan örülip ýa-da işilip, geýimiň ýakasyna ...
BAGJYK — köýnegiň, donuň, çäkmeniň we başga käbir geýimleriň ýakasyny birikdirmek üçin edilýän bag. Ol ýüpek, nah sapakdan örülip ýa-da işilip, geýimiň ýakasyna tikilip berkidilýär.
[[Category:Tekstil]]
Bagjyk üzme
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New page: '''BAGJYK ÜZME''' — köne toý däp-dessurlarynyň biri. Täze getirilen gelniň we öýlenen ýigidiň dogumlylygyny synamak üçnn ulanylýan degişme toý däbi. Bu däp boýunça ý...
'''BAGJYK ÜZME''' — köne toý däp-dessurlarynyň biri. Täze getirilen gelniň we öýlenen ýigidiň dogumlylygyny synamak üçnn ulanylýan degişme toý däbi. Bu däp boýunça ýoldaşlary öýlenen ýigidiň köýýaeginiň bagjygyny üzýärler. Gelin onuň bagjygyny dakyp berýär.
[[Category:Däpler]]
Bagirow Ruben Hristoforowiç
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New page: '''BAGIROW Ruben Hristoforowiç''' (1908) — Sowet So-ýuzynyň Gahrymany, leýtenant. Ol Gyzylarbat ş-inde dogulýar. B. ýediýyllyk mekdebi gutaryp, alyjylar jemgyetnnde işleýär. 1...
'''BAGIROW Ruben Hristoforowiç''' (1908) — Sowet So-ýuzynyň Gahrymany, leýtenant. Ol Gyzylarbat ş-inde dogulýar. B. ýediýyllyk mekdebi gutaryp, alyjylar jemgyetnnde işleýär. 1930 ý-da harby gulluga çagy-rylýar. Ol harby gullukdan gelip, glawdortransda, kom-munal ýaşaýyş jaý gurl-y işgärleri soýuzynyň resp. komitetinde dürli ýolb. işlerde işleýär. B. 1943 ý-da goşun gullugyna çagyrylýar. Ol Aşgabatdaky harby uçilişäni gutarandan soň, 1944 ý-yň martynda fronta gidýär. Söweşde wzwod komandiri we rota partorgy hök-münde agitatorlyk, guramaçylyk ukybyny görkezýär. B. wzwody b-n 1944 ý-yň iýulynda Bug derýasynyň ustundäki ähmietli d. ýol köprüsini duşmanyň elinden alýar we iemessleriň 1 rota golaý adam güýjüni, 6 minomýotyny, 1 topuny ýok edip, sowet tanklarynyň we artilleriýasy-nyň köprüden bökdençsiz geçmegine ýol açýar. 1944 ý-yň awg-ynda Kapşewinssa ilatly punkty ugrundaky söweş-de duşmanyň güýçli garşyliklaýş hüjümleriniň 9-yny yzyna serpikdirýär. Şol söweşde B-yň bir özi duşmanyň 1 bronetransportýoryiy, azwoduň beýleki es-gerleri b-n birlikde nemess soldatynyň we ofisseriniň 60-syny ek edýär. SSSR Nkary Sowetinnň Prezidnumy-nyň 1944 ý-yň 23 sent-yndaky Ukazy b-n B-a Sowet Soýuzynyň Gahrymany dien at dakylýar. Ol «Gyzyl Ýyldyz» ordeni bilen sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Baglaýjylar
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'''BAGLAÝJYLAR''' — türkmen dilinde özbaşdak söz topary. Baglaýjylar sözlemde sözlem agzasy bolmaýar, aýratynlykda ulanylanda many aňlatmaýar. Ol diňe sözlemdäki sözleri, sözlemleri özara baglanyşdyrmaga hyzmat edýär
==Serediň==
[[Kömekçi sözler]]
[[Category:Grammatika]]
Kömekçi sözler
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New page: ==Serediň==
[[Baglaýjylar]]
[[Category:Grammatika]]
==Serediň==
[[Baglaýjylar]]
[[Category:Grammatika]]
Baglanyş
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[[Baglanyþ]] sahypasy [[Baglanyş]] sahypasyna göçürildi
'''BAGLANYŞ''' — edebi eserde sýužetiň ýaýbaňlaşmagynyň ilkinji etapy. Baglanyşda dramatik konfliktiň döremegine we ösmegine itergi bolan waka görkezilýär. Baglanyşdan soň gahrymanlaryň we personažlaryň arasyndaky sossial-syýasy çaknyşyk ýitileşip ugraýar.
[[Category:Edebiýat]]
Baglanyþ
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[[Baglanyþ]] sahypasy [[Baglanyş]] sahypasyna göçürildi
#REDIRECT [[Baglanyş]]
Baglanyşyk energiýasy
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2006-12-10T00:38:06Z
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New page: '''BAGLANYŞYK ENERGIÝASY''' — bölejikleriň käbir toplumynyň baglanyşykly ýagdaýynyň energiýasy bilen bu bölejikleriň biri-birindei tükeniksiz daşlaşan ýagdaýyndak...
'''BAGLANYŞYK ENERGIÝASY''' — bölejikleriň käbir toplumynyň baglanyşykly ýagdaýynyň energiýasy bilen bu bölejikleriň biri-birindei tükeniksiz daşlaşan ýagdaýyndaky energiýasynyň tapawudy. Eger-de bu bölejikler molekulany emele getirýän atomlar bolsa, onda Baglanyşyk energiýasy diýlip, himiki Baglanyşyk energiýasyna düşünilýär. Eger-de bu bölejikler atom ýadrosyny emele getirýän neýtronlar we protonlar bolsa, onda Baglanyşyk energiýasy diýlip ýadronyň Baglanyşyk energiýasynaa aýdylýar. Baglanyşyk energiýasy başga hili hem bolýar. Öz ululygy boýunça Baglanyşyk energiýasy sistemany düzýän bölejikleri dargatmaga sarp edilýän işe deň. Baglanyşykly ýagdaý emele gelende, energiýa bölünip çykýar, şu sebäbe görä Baglanyşyk energiýasy otrissatel ululykdyr. [[Absolýut ululyk|Absaolýut ululygy] boýunça Baglanyşyk energiýasy näçe köp bolsa Baglanyşyk şonça-da berk bolýar. Atom ýadrolarynyň Baglanyşyk energiýasy mln-ça ''ew''-dan ybarat. Ýadrolarda şeýle uly Baglanyşyk energiýasynyň bolmagy atom ýadrolarynyň örän durnuklylygy bilen düşündirilýär. Bir protondan we bir neýtrondan ybarat bolan deýtronyň Baglanyşyk energiýasy 2,2 ''Mew'' deň. Uranyň ýadrosynyň Baglanyşyk energiýasy 1780 ''Mew'' golaýdyr. Käwagtlar ýadrodaky nuklonyň (protonyň ýa-da neýtronyň) Baglanyşyk energiýasy düşünjesi ulanylýar. Nuklony ýadrodaky baglanyşyklardan boşatmak üçin sarp edilýän energiýa nuklonyň Baglanyşyk energiýasy diýilýär. Ýeňil ýadrolardaky bir nuklona degişli bolan Baglanyşyk energiýasy ýadro baglylykda üýtgeýär. Bu üýtgeme <sup>4</sup>He, <sup>8</sup>Be, <sup>12</sup>C we <sup>16</sup>0 ýadrolarynda (mes., <sup>4</sup>He ýadrosy üçin Baglanyşyk energiýasy 7 ''Mew'' den) has güýçlüdir. Aralyk ýadrolar üçin bir nuklona degişli bolan Baglanyşyk energiýasy hemişelik diýen ýalydyr we ol 8,6 ''Mew'' deňdir.
Agyr ýadrolarda bir nuklona degişli bolan Baglanyşyk energiýasy kem-kemden azalýar. Bu sebäpli agyr ýadro (mes., uran) aralyk massaly iki ýadro bölünende energiýa bölünip çykýar. Iki sany ýeňil ýadro bir sany agyr ýadro birigende-de energiýa bölünip çykýar. Mes. <sup>4</sup>He ýadrosy iki neýtrondan emele gelende takmynan 24 ''Mew'' bölünip çykýar. Baglanyşyk energiýasy massanyň defekti arkaly gös-göni aňladylýar. Atomdaky ýa-da molekuladaky elektronyň Baglanyşyk energiýasy ionizassiýa potenssialy bilen häsiýetlendirilýär. Erkin atomlardaky dürli elektronlaryň ionizassiýa potenssiallary atomlaryň gurluşlarynyň umumy kanunalaýyklyklary bilen şertlenendir. Molekulalar atomlardan emele gelende elektronlaryň Baglanyşyk energiýasy üýtgeýär.
[[Category:Himiýa]] [[Category:Fizika]]
[[en:Ionization energy]]
Bagramýan Iwan Hristogorowiç
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2006-12-10T00:41:41Z
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New page: '''BAGRAMÝAN Iwan Hristoforowiç''' [20. HI(2, HII),1897] —- sowet harby işgäri, Sowet Soýuzynyň Marşa-ly (1955), Sowet Soýuzynyň Gahrymany (1944) 1941 ý-dan SSKP çle...
'''BAGRAMÝAN Iwan Hristoforowiç''' [20. HI(2, HII),1897] —- sowet harby işgäri, Sowet Soýuzynyň Marşa-ly (1955), Sowet Soýuzynyň Gahrymany (1944) 1941 ý-dan SSKP çleni. 1952 ý-dan SSKP MK-nyň çlenli-gine kand., 1961 ý-dan SSKP MK-nş çleni, SSSR Ekary Sowetiniň deputaty (2—8 çagyrylyşlar), graŽdanlyk urşuna gatnaşyjy. B. Elizawetpol (hä-zirki Kirowabat) st-synda d. ýol işçisi maşg-synda dogulýar. Ol 1920 ý-dan başlap Gyzyl Goşunda gulluk edýär. B. 1934 ý-da Frunze ad. Harby akademlýany, 1R38 ý-da Genştabyň akademiýasyny gutarýar. Beýik Wat. ur. däwründe (1941—-45) ol dürli frontlarda ştab naçalnigiiiň orunbasary we naçalnigi bolup işle-ýär. Ol armiýanyň, birinji Pribaltika we uçünji Be-lorus frontlarynyň goşunlarynyň komanduýuşisi bol-ýar. Uruşdan soňky döwürde B. Pribaltnka harby okru-gynyň komaiduýuşisi, soňra SSSR Goranmak ministr-liginde ýolb. nşlerde işleýär. 1956 ý-yň iýunyndan Genştabyň Harby akademiýasynyň naçalnigi, 1958 ý-dan SSSR Goranmak ministrinnň orunbasary we SSSR Ýaragly Güýçleriniň tyl boýunça naçalnigi bolup iş-leýär. 1968 ý-yň apr-inden gen. inspektorlar toparynyň gen. inspektory. Ol SSSR-iň ordenleri we medallary b-n birnäçe gezek sylaglandy.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Bagration Pýotr Iwanowiç
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New page: '''BAGRATION Pýotr Iwanowiç''' [1765—12(24). IH. 1812] —knýaz, rus serkerdesi, 1812 ý-yň Wat. ur-nyň gahry-many. Gen. B. Kizlýar ş-inde gadymy gruzin knýazlary-nyň ieslinden ...
'''BAGRATION Pýotr Iwanowiç''' [1765—12(24). IH. 1812] —knýaz, rus serkerdesi, 1812 ý-yň Wat. ur-nyň gahry-many. Gen. B. Kizlýar ş-inde gadymy gruzin knýazlary-nyň ieslinden bolan polkownik maşg-synda dogulýar. Ol 1787—91 ý-larda rus-türk urşuna, 1793—94 ý-lar-da Polşa kampaniýasyna gatnaşýar. Ol 1799 ý-da A. B. Suworowyň Italiýa we Şweýňariýa eden ýörişlerinde gen-maýor çininde awangardda komandirlik edip, äh-li uly söweşlerde tapawutlanýar. 1805—07 ý-larda Fraissiýa b-n bolan uruşlarda rus goşunynyň arer-gardyna baştutanlyk edýär we Şengrabeiiň, Preýsiş--Eýlauwyň, Fridlandyň ýanyndaky söweşlerde tapawut-lanýar. 1808—09 ý-laryň rus-şwed uruşlaryna gatna-şyp, 1809 ý-yň baharyida Aland adalaryny eelän diw, komandirlik edýär. 1806-12 ý-laryň rus-türk urşun-da B. 1809 ý-yň iýulyidai 1810 ý-yň martyna çenli Moldawiýa goşunypa komandirlik edýär. B. 1811 ý-yň awg-yndan Podolsk goşunynyň, 1812 ý-yň martyndai II Gb. goşunyiyn komanduýuşisi bolup, 1812 ý-yň Wat, ur-nda ussatlyk b-n söweşip, şol goşunlary güýç taý-dan agdyklyk edýän duşman goşunlarynyň zarbasynyň astyndan alyp çykýar we Smolenskiniň etegindäki I Gb. goşunlary b-n birikdirýär. Borodino söweşinde rus goşunlarynyň çep ganatyna komandirlik edip, uly ba-tyrlyk gärkezýär we agyr ýaralanyp aradan çykýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Bagrisskiý
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2006-12-10T00:48:29Z
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New page: '''BAGRISSKIÝ''' (lakamy, hakyky fam-sy Dzýubin), Eduard Georgiewiç [22. H (3. HI). 1895. Odessa—16. II. 1934, Moskia] — rus sowet şahyry. GraŽdailyk ur-şuna gatnaşyjy. Onuň 20...
'''BAGRISSKIÝ''' (lakamy, hakyky fam-sy Dzýubin), Eduard Georgiewiç [22. H (3. HI). 1895. Odessa—16. II. 1934, Moskia] — rus sowet şahyry. GraŽdailyk ur-şuna gatnaşyjy. Onuň 20-30 ý-lardaky lirikasy graŽdanlyk urşunyň wakalaryndan, esgerleriň, deňie-çileriň, balykçylaryň aýdyň obrazlaryndan doly rew. romantika ýugrulandyr, dili emossional poetikligi b-n tapawutlanýar. «Soňky gije», «Şäher etegiade ýaşaýan adam» (1932) poemalary, köp goşgulary köne düşünje-leriň, meşançylygyn, hususyetçiligiň garşysyna gö-nükdirilendir. Has önjeýli eseri bolan «Opanas bara-da oýlanma» (1926) dien poemasynda Ukreinada graŽ-danlyk urşuny suratlandyrýar. «Pionerkanyň ölümi» (1932) dien poemasynda bir pioner gyzyň ölümýaň öňunde mertlerçe durşy beýan edilýär, rew. däpleri mlras edip almak ndeýasyny ykrar edýär.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]] [[Category:Şahyrlar]]
Bagt
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2006-12-10T00:55:32Z
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New page: '''BAGT''' — etnkanyň esasy kategoriýalaryiyň biri. Ol durmuşyň, manyly ýaşaýşyň maksady ýaly düşunjeler bilen bir hatarda durýar. Bagt şahsyetiň Watan, halk öňündäki...
'''BAGT''' — etnkanyň esasy kategoriýalaryiyň biri. Ol durmuşyň, manyly ýaşaýşyň maksady ýaly düşunjeler bilen bir hatarda durýar. Bagt şahsyetiň Watan, halk öňündäki borjuny abraý bilen berjaý etmegini, jemgyetiň hatyrasyna çeken zähmetiniň netijesinde öz durmuşyndan, ýaşaýşyndan kanagatlanmagyny aňladýar. Bagt düşünjesi sossial-ykdysady şertler bilenn aýrylmaz baglanyşykly bolup, ol dürli sossial jemgyýetde dürlüçe düşündirilipdir. Marksizmden ozalky akyldarlaryň bir toiary Bagty real dünýeniň çäginden daşardan agtarsa, beýlekileri diňe peýda görmek ([[Utilitarizm]]), lezzet almak ([[Gedonizm]]) Bagtdyr diýen duşünjäni öňe sürüpdirler. Marksizmden ozalky materialistler hem Bagty we oňa ýetmegiň ýollaryny real dünýäden gozläpdirler. Marksizm Bagt hakdaky diňi-idealistik düşünjeleri reddedýär we halkdan, kollektiwden üzňelikde Bagtly bolmagyň mümkin däldigini, adamyň şahsy Bagty bilen jemgyýetiň Bagtynyň aýrylmaz baglanyşyklydygyny aýdýar.
[[Category:Etika]]
Bagþy
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2006-12-10T01:06:20Z
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New page: '''BAGŞY''' — dutaryň, gyjagyň ýa-da gargy tüýdügiň ýanynda türkmen milli aýdymlaryny ussatlarça ýerine ýetirýän, halkyň içiňde tanalýan aýdymçy. Bagşynyň sazanda...
'''BAGŞY''' — dutaryň, gyjagyň ýa-da gargy tüýdügiň ýanynda türkmen milli aýdymlaryny ussatlarça ýerine ýetirýän, halkyň içiňde tanalýan aýdymçy. Bagşynyň sazandalyk we kompozitorlyk ukyby hem bolýar, Bagşylar ýerine ýetiriş ýollary, repertuarlary boýunça dessançy we tirmeçi diýen iki topara bölünýär. Tirmeçi Bagşy dessan, epos aýdymlaryny, şahyrlaryň goşgularyny, halk aýdymlaryny ýerine etirýär. Olardan [[Hally bagşy]]ny, [[Sary bagşy]]ny, [[Oraz Salyr]]y, [[Nursähet Halsähet]] ogluny, [[Şükür bagşy]]ny, [[Çowdur bagşy]]ny, [[Nobat bagşy]]ny, [[Hydyr bagşy]]ny we olaryň ýoluny dowam etdiren respublikanyň halk artisti [[Sahy Jepbarow]]y, TSSR-iň halk bagşysy [[Ödeniýaz Nobadow]]y we beýlekileri görkezmek bolar. Ikinji topara degişli Bagşylar «[[Hüýrlukga — Hemra]]», «[[Zöhre — Tahyr]]», «[[Şasenem — Garyp]]», «[[Görogly]]», «[[Saýatly — Hemra]]» ýaly yşky-liriki dessanlary aýdýarlar. Olardan [[Nazar Baga]], [[Pälwan Hoja]], [[Magtymguly Garly]], [[Jumamyrat Oraz]], [[Palta bagşy]] we beýlekileri mysal görkezmek bolar. Dessançy Bagşylar, esasan, Türkmsnistanyň Daşhowuz, belli derejede Çärjew sebitlerinde köp bolýar. Olardan has msşhurlarynyň atlary halk arasynda saklanyp gelýär.
[[Category:Sungat]]
Bagşyýew Allaberdi
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2006-12-10T01:07:54Z
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New page: '''BAGŞYEW Allaberdi''' (1926) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. Ol Mary obl-ynyň Mary r-nynyň II Gök-je obasyida dogulýar. 1942—52 ý-larda Mary r-nynyň «Moskwa» k-zynda k-...
'''BAGŞYEW Allaberdi''' (1926) — Sossialistik Zähmetiň Gahrymany. Ol Mary obl-ynyň Mary r-nynyň II Gök-je obasyida dogulýar. 1942—52 ý-larda Mary r-nynyň «Moskwa» k-zynda k-zçy, 1952—70 ý-larda şol k-zda mehannzator bolup işlsýgr. O. h. eknnlerpni mehannzm arkaly bejermekde we progressnw usullary giňden ýaý-ratmakda ýokary netijeler gazananlygy üçnn, 1965 ý-da oňa Soňialnstpk Zähmetnň Gahrymany dnen at dakyl-ýar. Ol bnrnoçe medal 6-n sylaglanýar.
[[Category:Şahsyýetler]]
Bagy (oba)
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2006-12-10T01:09:57Z
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New page: '''BAGYR''' — Aşgabat r-nyndaky oba. Ol Aşgabat ş-inden 17 km go-gb-da, Köpetdag eteginde erleşýär. Ila-ty 6400 adam (1970). B-yň ilaty gadymy zamandan bäri eker. we mald. b-n m...
'''BAGYR''' — Aşgabat r-nyndaky oba. Ol Aşgabat ş-inden 17 km go-gb-da, Köpetdag eteginde erleşýär. Ila-ty 6400 adam (1970). B-yň ilaty gadymy zamandan bäri eker. we mald. b-n meşgullanypdyr. Ol erde Köpetda-gyň eteginden çykýan çeşmeler we kornzler arkaly su-warymly eker. alnyp barylýar. B-da «Kommuňizm» k-zy erleşýär. B-da orta we sekşzýyllyk mekdep hem-de ke-selhana bar. B-da köne we täze Nusaýyň harabasy er-leşýär.
[[Category:Obalar]]
Bagyr
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2006-12-10T01:21:22Z
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New page: '''BAGYR''' (hepar) — janly organnzmleriň iýmit sindirişine we madda çalşygyna gatnaşýan iň uly mäz. Oňurgasyz haýwailaryň Bagrynda iýmit maddalary (uglewodlar, ýaglar) zap...
'''BAGYR''' (hepar) — janly organnzmleriň iýmit sindirişine we madda çalşygyna gatnaşýan iň uly mäz. Oňurgasyz haýwailaryň Bagrynda iýmit maddalary (uglewodlar, ýaglar) zapas saklanýar. Hordaly jandarlarda we adamlarda Bagyr öt işläp çykarýar hem-de organizmde madda çalşygy bilen baglanyşykly prosseslere gatnaşýar. Bagyryň ähmieti diňe bir iýmiti gaýtadan işlemek we snňdirmek bilen çäklenmän, eýsem ol organizmde bolup geçýän ähli biohimiki özgerişlerde-de uly rol oýnaýar. Adamyň Bagyrynyň agramy 1,5—2 kg bolup, ol garyn boşlugynyň sag tarapynda, gapyrgalaryň eteginde ýerleşýär. Onuň gurluşy örän çylşyrymlydyr. Bagyryň aşak tarapyndan onuň içine portal wenasy, 15. arteriýasy we nerwler girýär. Içegelerde siňen iýmit maddalaryny alyp gaýdýan gan damarlary ilki bilen portal wenasyna gelip Bagyra girýär we ol ýerde kapillýarlara bölünýär. Kapillýarlardan gaýdan has owunçak wenajyklar bir-birleri bilen birigip, aşaky köwek wena goşulýan Bagyr wenalaryny emele getiräärler. Şeýdip gan Bagyryň öýjüklerinden süzülip geçende, käbir maddalar himiki özgerişlere sezewar bolýar. Mes., Bagyr kapillýarlaryndaky ganda glýukozanyň mukdary 0,12%-den köp bolsa, ony Bagyryň öýjükleri glikogene öwrüp özünde saklaýar. Organizme glýukoza köp gerek bolanda (ganyň düzüminde 0,1 %-e çenli azalanda), Bagyrdaky glikogen glýukoza öwrülnp gana goşulýar. Bagyr özünden geçýän gany arassalamak bilen goranyş funksiýasyny hem ýerine etirýär. Iýmit siňdnrilende emele gelýän we mikroorganizmleriň içegede döredýän ençeme zäherli maddalary hem gana goşulyp, Bagyra golýär we himiki özgerişlere sezewar bolup, olary zähersizlendirýär. Şeýlelikde, Bagyr organizm üçin maddalaryň himiki özgerişleriniň laboratoriýasy bolup, ol bedende bolup geçýän hemme prosseslere aktiw gatnaşýar. Galybersede, Bagyr maddalarysň birnäçesini (uglewodlary, beloklary, witaminleri we ş. m.) gerek bolýança özünde ätiýaç saklaýar. Ol beloklary sintezleýär, iýmitdäki aminok-talardan ganyň plazmasyndaky albuminleri, globulinleri we fibrinogeni sintezleýär.
[[Category:Anatomiýa]]
Bagyr keseli
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2006-12-10T01:25:08Z
Parahat
8
New page: '''BAGYR KESELI''' — mallarda we adamda bolýan kesel. Bu keseliň ýüze çykmagyna, esasan, iýmit siňdiriji organlaryň, gan hem-de ýürek-gan damar sistemalarnyň kadasyz işlemegi...
'''BAGYR KESELI''' — mallarda we adamda bolýan kesel. Bu keseliň ýüze çykmagyna, esasan, iýmit siňdiriji organlaryň, gan hem-de ýürek-gan damar sistemalarnyň kadasyz işlemegi sebäp bolýar. Bagyr keseli käbir halatlarda gysga wagtlyk bolýar, emma agyr ýagdaýda geçýär, käbir halatlarda kesel uzak wagtlap dowam edip, ýeňil geçýär. Mallar Bagyr keseli bilen kesellände, birnäçe alamatlar ýüze çykýar, ýagny bagyr çişýär, onda agyry peýda bolup, nemli bardalar saralyp başlaýar, organizmiň duýgurlygy artýar. Bagyr keseli bejerilende, kesellän mala tiz siňýän ot-iým, glýukoza, urotropin, kampolon ýaly dermanlar, B, K, C witaminleri berilýär
[[Category:Keseller]] [[Category:Lukmanlyk]] [[Category:Weterinarlyk]]
INDEMIR
3121
8147
2006-12-10T14:39:23Z
Parahat
8
Agajandan
'''INDEMIR''' – tarada mata dokalanda, onuň gyrasynyň dogry, göni gitmegi üçin, niçe agajyň iki ujyna geýdirilip, matanyň ininiň gyrasyna geýdirilýän disli demirjik
[[Category:Tekstil]]
INDETERMINIZM
3122
8148
2006-12-10T14:40:39Z
Parahat
8
New page: '''INDETERMINIZM''' (lat. ''In''-sözün öňünden gosulyp, ýoklygy aňladýar we ''determinizm''-sebäplik arabaglanşygynyň obyektiwligini (ontologik I.) ýa-da ylymda sebäplilik jä...
'''INDETERMINIZM''' (lat. ''In''-sözün öňünden gosulyp, ýoklygy aňladýar we ''determinizm''-sebäplik arabaglanşygynyň obyektiwligini (ontologik I.) ýa-da ylymda sebäplilik jähtden düşündirişiň akyl ýetiriş gymmatyny (metodologik I.) inkär edýän filosofik taglymat we metodolik poesiýa. Adamyň erk-işleginiň şertlenilenligi, adamyň öz eden etmişleri üçin jogapkärçiligi badaky problemalar boýunça I. we beterminizm (seret) biri-birine garşy durýan konsepsiýa hökmünde öne çykýar. I. erk-islege awtonom güýç hökmünde öne çykýar. I. erk-islege awtonom güýç hökmünde garaýar hem-de sebäplilik prinsipleri adamyň özüni alyp barşyny düşüňdirmekde ulanyp bolmaz diýip tassyklaýar, determinism tarapdarlaryny fantalizme aýyplaýar. Emma weli “Dterminizmin fatalizmi nazarda tutýanlyg-a beýlede dursun., gaýtam ol paýhasly hereket etmek üçin esas berýär “ (Lenin B.I. Eserler, 4 neşirden terjime, 1 tom, 463 sah.). Häzirki zaman burjuaz filasofiýasynda I-iň dürli formalary ýaýrandyr. Mysal üçin, Badenin neokantçylyk mekdebi determinizm prinsipini diňe tebigat hakyndaky ylym bilen çäklendirýän we onuň “ruh hakyndaky ylymlar” barada ulanylmagyny inkär edýärdi. Neopozitiwizm pragmatism we personalizm dterminizmi diňe logiki sfera bilen çäklendirmäge synansýarlar. Häzirki zaman kwant fizikasynyň ösmegi netijesinde I. we determinzm aýratyn-da aktual problema öwrüldi, determinism aýratyn-da aktual problema öwrüldi. Klassyky determinism prinsiplerinin mikrodunýade bolup geçýän proseslere häsiýetlendirme bermek üçin ýaramaýanlygy belli edildi. Şoňa göräde kwant teoriýasynyň esasy kanunlayny I. we agnostizm ruhunda düşündirjek bolup synanşylyp başlandy elektronyň erkin hereketi hakyndaky ek-tuk mikrohoadasynyn teologik güýçler arkaly dolandyrylýanlygy hakyndaky ideýalar I-iň ýüze çykmasydyr. Dialektiki materalizm I-I inkar etmek bilen bilelikde, determinz hakynda dowam edip gelen ozalky mehanistik düşünjeleriň ýeterlik däldigini görkezýän hem-de häzirki zaman tebigat5 we jemgyýetçilik ylymlarynyň gazanan üstünlikleri esasynda determinz hakynda täze, jemlenen düşünjäni formirleýar
[[Category:Pelsepe]]
INDIWIDUAL IŞ WAGTY
3123
8149
2006-12-10T14:41:54Z
Parahat
8
New page: '''INDIWIDUAL IŞ WAGTY''' - aýry-aýry öndürjiniň (kärhanasynyň) öňümiň şol bir görnüşiniň birligini taýýarlamaga sarp edýän wagty. I.i.w. öndürjiniň (kärhananyň) ...
'''INDIWIDUAL IŞ WAGTY''' - aýry-aýry öndürjiniň (kärhanasynyň) öňümiň şol bir görnüşiniň birligini taýýarlamaga sarp edýän wagty. I.i.w. öndürjiniň (kärhananyň) peýdalanýan tehnikasynyň häsiýetine onuň iş ussatlyk derejesine (kärhananyň işçileriniň kwalifakisiyasy) we aýry-aýry öndürjiniň zähmet öndürjilik derejesine täsir edýän ençeme beýleki şertlerde baglydyr. I. i. w-nyň jemgyýetçilik zerur iş wagtyna (seret) laýyk gelmezligi mümkin. Jemgyýetçilik zerur iş wagty bolsa haryt öňümçiliginde harydyň jemgyýetçilik gymmatyny kesgitleýär
[[Category:Ykdysadyýet]]
INDIWIDUAL KAPITAL
3124
8150
2006-12-10T14:42:43Z
Parahat
8
New page: '''INDIWUDUAL KAPITAL''' - kapitalistik jemgyýetde jemgyýetçilik kapitalynyň pul, öndürijilik ýa-da haryt formasyndaky bir bölegi bolup, aýry-aýry kapitalistleriň hususy eýeçi...
'''INDIWUDUAL KAPITAL''' - kapitalistik jemgyýetde jemgyýetçilik kapitalynyň pul, öndürijilik ýa-da haryt formasyndaky bir bölegi bolup, aýry-aýry kapitalistleriň hususy eýeçiliginde bolýar we olar ony peýda gazanmak üçin ulanylýar. I.k senagat söwda we ssuda kapitaly görnüşinde bolup, olar öz yerlerine senagat, söwda peýdasy ya-da ssuda prosenti görnüşinde goşmaça bir bölegini getirýär. Her bir toplanan pul kapital bolup bilmez. Diňe peýda gazanmak maksady bilen ulanlanda , pul kapitala öwrülýär we sonun hasabyna-da köpelýär. Kapitalist tarapyndan pula alnan öňümçilik serişdeleri we işçi guyci önümçilik prosesinde birleşip, goşmaça gymmaty döredýär. Kapitalistiň önümçilige harçlan şol pul köpelip, yene-0de kapitaliste dolanyp gelýär. Bu formula kapitalyň ähli görnüşlerinde degişlidir. Şonuň üçinem ony K. Marks kapitalyň ahliumumy formulasy diýip atlandyrýar. Kapitalyn eýesi bolan kapitaliste goşmaça gymmaty çäksiz artdyrmak hyýaly mahsusdyr. Diýmek her bir kapitalistiň maksady peýda almakdan we kapitalyny artdyrmakdan ybaratdyr.Her bir I.k başga bir I.k bilen baglanşyksyz ýaşap bilmez. Bularyň jemi hem jemgyýetçilik kapitalyny ybarat edýär düzýär.
[[Category:Ykdysadyýet]]
INDIWIDUAL PSIHOLOGIYA
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8151
2006-12-10T14:45:24Z
Parahat
8
New page: '''INDIWIDUAL PSIHOLOGIYA''' - psihologiýanyň bir ugry. Ol Awstriýa psihology A, Adlerin taglymatyna esaslanýar. Irki çagalyk döwründe peýda bolan doly bahaly däl duýgy adam üç...
'''INDIWIDUAL PSIHOLOGIYA''' - psihologiýanyň bir ugry. Ol Awstriýa psihology A, Adlerin taglymatyna esaslanýar. Irki çagalyk döwründe peýda bolan doly bahaly däl duýgy adam üçin özboluşly “yasayys stilin” kesgitleýär. I.p psihologik tapawutlanyp, sosiýal gylyk-häsiýet esasynda dogabitdi sosoial duýgy duýýar, ýöne şol duýgy özüniň doly ösüşine ýetmegi üçin terbiýelenmegi talap edýär diýip hasaplaýar. Newrotiklerde, neşekeşlerde we s.m m-de şeýle duýgy bolmaýar. Çünki olara akyl ýetirilmedik galp mksatlarda ymtylýarlar. I.p terepiýanyn maksady pasiýentiň ýasaýys stilinde ýoýluslary ýüze çykarmakdan ybaratdyr diýip hasap edýär. I.p sosiýal taýdan doly bahaly däl duýguly toparlaryň (jenaýatkärler we ş.m) pisigalogiýasy bilen hem meşgullanypdyr. Umuman I.p özüniň umumy psigalogiýa teýoriýasyny işläp düzmedi, diňe empirik häsiýetde synlamak bilen çäklendi. I.p 1930nji ýyllarda esasan hem dedagogikada we psihoterapiýada has gin ýaýraýar. I,p özbaşdak ugur hökmünde ösüşden galýar.
[[Category:Psihologiýa]]
INDIWIDUAL SEÇGI
3126
8152
2006-12-10T14:46:39Z
Parahat
8
New page: '''INDIWIDUAL SECGI''' - köplenç halatlarda öz-özünden tozanlanýan ösümlikler üçin sort döretmekde ulanylýan esasy metodlaryň bir. Bu hili seçginin birinji sikli hasy hem bol...
'''INDIWIDUAL SECGI''' - köplenç halatlarda öz-özünden tozanlanýan ösümlikler üçin sort döretmekde ulanylýan esasy metodlaryň bir. Bu hili seçginin birinji sikli hasy hem bolsa belli alamat üçin ýa-da populyasiyasynyn nesil üýtgedijiligi birnäçe gomozigot genotiplere dargan mahalynda ulanylýar. Bu ýagdaýda bellenilen häsiýetiň has gowy bolmagy seçilip alnan genotiplerin gibridleşmegi gos-goni bagly bolup, nesle geçişiniň netijesinde häsiýetleriň dargan mahalynda geçirilýän ikinji sikli bilen kesgitlenilýär. I.s öz-özünden tozanlaýan ösümlikleriň populýasyýanyň arasynda gecirlende, bir gezek üstünlik berip we sonar käwagtda ýüze çykýan mutasiýa göz öňünde tutulmasa I. s-niň soňraky peýdasy sort döretmekde örän ujypsyzdyr. I. s-de indiwidiumlaryn nesle geçijilik hiliňe baha bermäge mümkinçilik bolýar. Ol öz-özünden tozanlaýan ösümliklerde ulanlanda, gowy netije berip biler. Atanaklaýyn tozanlaýan ösümliklerde, şeýle hem mallarda ulanylanda, seçgi maşgalalary hem-de ugurlary boýunça alnyp barylýar.
[[Category:Botanika]]
Wikipedia:Býurokrat saýlawy
3129
8404
2006-12-23T13:32:55Z
Absar
58
/* (+) Goldaýaryn / Support */
== [[User:Parahat|Parahat]] ==
Hormatly Türkmençe wikipediýa ulanyjylary. Bilişiňiz ýaly Türkmençe wikipediýada býurokrat ulanyjy ýok. Eger rugsat bolsa men býurokrat bolmak isleýärin. Aşakda sesleriňize garaşýaryn. Sagboluň.
Dear Turkmen wikipedia users. As you know there are any bureaucrats in Turkmen wikipedia. If you allow me I want to be a bureaucrat. Please, vote below. Thank you.
=== (+) Goldaýaryn / Support ===
# [[User:Ga1taman|Ga1taman]] Goldayaryn! G-O-L-D-A-Y-A-R-Y-N. 7 gün içinde gowja goldaw tapmaly diyyar.. tanyş-bilişlere aydyp çaltyrak aramyzdan birini byurokrat edeyli...Hany bolyn.. bolyn.. senem yokardaky "edit" basyp goldayaryn diyip bilersin.. bol bol.. kim çatgyn kim çeye kim Çalasyn.. :)
# [[User:Maksat|Maksat]] Men hem goldayaryn :)ustunlikler dileyarin
#[[User:Ekonomist|Ekonomist]] Goldayaryn. Strongly Support.
#[[User:agAjan|agAjan]] «Goldayaryn» diymage zordan geldim. Goybermejek boldular. :-) 4 elim bilen GOLDAYARYN. GAndym aganyn aydyshy yaly - Byurokrat kim bolsa shol bolsun, bize turkmen interneti osse bolyar..
# Goldayaryn / Support. --[[User:Atamyrat|Atamyrat]] 17:09, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
# [[User:agajanh]] : Parahat agamy 100% goldayaryn yone wikipedian halyny pese gacyrma :D
# [[User:devran117]] : Men hem goldayaryn. Ay bolup bolyan bolsa bolaweri.
# [[User:Neroboy]] : Goldayanlay
# [[User:Balkan]] : Dogrymy aytsam kimdigingizem,byurokradyng nameler edyanindenem habarym yok.Yone "Goldayan".
# [[User:Tahir]] : Men syzy goldayaryn. Yone bir az Kandidatlar hakynda we onyn wezipeleri hakynda maglumat berseniz gowy bolardy. Men Agajany gormesemde Internet Turkmenlerin arasynda yayrap gelyany bari Turkmenler ucun is alyp baryany bilyarn.
# [[User:chishik|chishik]] goldayaryn...
# [[User:Adilhan|Adilhan]] ''':''' Men 10 elim bilen GOLDAYARYN , Parahat, sen bilyar güzel Türkçe ve Iňlisçe, sana ustunlikler dileyarin.
#--[[User:Absar|Absar]] 13:32, 23 December 2006 (UTC)
=== (-) Garşy / Oppose ===
=== ( ) Çekilýärin / Neutral ===
Kerim Gurbannepes/Ýürek poemasy
3131
8200
2006-12-11T16:07:08Z
Ga1taman
128
[[Kerim Gurbannepes]] <br>
ÝÜREK POEMASY<br>
<br>
"Pylanynyň ýerinde bolan bolsam, <br>
köp zatlary düzederdim... ” <br>
“Ýok, her
haýsymyzyň öz ornumyzda näme iş
<br>edip biljekdigimiz hakynda oýlanmalydyrys.<br>
Men näme üçin doguldym?<br>
Adamyň bütin ömri şu soragyň jogabydyr.”<br>
Okyja hatdan"<br>
<br>
BIR başyň bar, müň işiň bar dünýäde,<br>
Müň şükür! Ýykylyp galmaýşyň besdir. <br>
Baryna ýetmeli paýy-pyýada,<br>
Tigirçek hökman däl -
<br>Şu köwşüň besdir.<br>
Bir köwşüň tozdumy - ýene bir köwüş,<br>
Ikinji tozdumy - üçünjä çalyş,<br>
Her bagy çözlende ýer bilen emiş,<br>
Toprak ajykdyrmaz -<br>
Şol aşyň besdir.<br>
Ertir bolmaz ýaly dilleriň peltek,<br>
Täze menzillere ýetmeli entek.<br>
Duşsa-da ýoluňda müň dürli kötek,<br>
Diýme: “Dynç gulagym,<br>
Aç başym besdir!”<br>
Haýwana mahsusdyr aç baş, dynç gulak,<br>
Ynsana mahsus zat - döretmek, gurmak,<br>
Döredilýän ýerde dynç almaz gursak,<br>
Öň ene bagrynda <br>
Dynç alşyň besdir.<br>
Ýöremeli ýoluň gysgamy, uzak -<br>
Durmak jenaýatdyr ýatýança ýürek.<br>
Diýýärler: “Ýüregi aýamak gerek!”<br>
Dogrudyr.<br>
Ýöne öz aýaşyň besdir.<br>
Ýürege girmezmiş ýüregin aýan,<br>
Ýürek aýan - bermez iline peýan.<br>
(Gapdalyňda barka bir tebip aýal - <br>
Ýürek işlär.<br>
Ýalňyz syrdaşyň besdir).<br>
Näçe dartylsa-da kebzäňde damar, <br>
Gözüň ejizligi bermesin habar,<br>
Sagmyň ýa näsagmyň - işiňi oňar,<br>
Başda adam bolup <br>
Döreýşiň besdir.<br>
Öz seçen kärini oňarsa her kim,<br>
Ýarpy ýeňledermiş dünýäniň ýükün.<br>
Ýekeje hünäre ýöretseň höküm -<br>
Iliňe bergidar bolmaýşyň besdir.<br>
Sowal berdi student gyz Roza:<br>
“Puşkin ýaly haçan ýazjak proza?”<br>
Jogap berdim: “Ili goýman azara,<br>
Goşgymy oňarsam,<br>
Şol işim besdir!”<br>
Ýene biri diýdi: “Misli, Pyragy,<br>
Sözleň merjeninden döret bir dagy!”<br>
Men diýdim: “O zatlar möçberňe bagly,<br>
Dag däl,<br>
Meniň üçin bir daşam besdir!”
NANYŇY
goşgudan berse-de ykbal,<br>
Goşgudan öň
adam bolmagyň hökman<br>
Şygyr bilen uly ynsap birikmän -<br>
Şahyr-da, ynsan-da bolmaýşyň besdir.<br>
Ak bilen garadyr garagyň reňki,<br>
Şolaň haýsy seniň ýüregiň reňki?<br>
Birisini saýlap, diýme: “Şu meňki!”<br>
Iller aýdar -<br>
Birje ýylgyrşyň besdir.<br>
Ömrüňde etdiňmi kişä bahyllyk?<br>
(Ili bahyllykdan gorar şahyrlyk!)<br>
Dünýäde bir müýnüň - aşyk Tahyrlyk.<br>
Täk däl.<br>
Goşa söýgä ýugrulşyň besdir.<br>
Nirelerde ýörsüň ilkinji söýgi?<br>
Bir ýerlerde barmyň gyzlaryň tugy?<br>
Gumdan owaz geldi “Eý, yşkyň ogly,<br>
Men bar.<br>
Ýöne maňa ... guwanşyň besdir!”<br>
Nirelerde ýörsüň, ilkinji söýgi?<br>
Bir ýerlerde barmyň bagtymyň bagy?<br>
Öýmüzden ses çykdy: “Eý, adam ogly,<br>
“Söýýän! Söýýän!” diýip,<br>
Ýaňraşyň besdir!”<br>
Birisi Säheriň, biri Guşlugyň,
Biri Oglanlaryň, biri Ýaşlygyň.
Birinjisi - diňe salamlaşdygyň,
Ikinjä
Ömürlik baglanyşyň besdir.
Şeýdip pähim ýygnap söýgüden söýgä,
Ýetdiň on üç sany gülälek çaga.
Şolardan bäşisin gömüp ak çägä,
Bäş gezek
Gizlenip aglaýşyň besdir.
GÜLÜBER, işläber, saýraber, şahyr.
Hyjuwyň hiç haçan bolmasyn ahyr!
Bäşinji müçede diýdirip jahyl,
Dünýäniň mährinden
Doýmaşyň besdir.
Kalp däldir mähirsiz, söýgüsiz kalp.
(Beýle kalp ýa boşdur, ýogsa-da galp!)
Bir uly ýygnakda ör boýuna galyp,
diýdi biri:
“Şahyr, saýraşyň besdir!” -
Söýgüsiz oňmandyr, oňmazam ýürek.
Ýöne gapdalynda ýigrenjem gerek.
Ogra-jümrä, egrä gelende gezek, -
Diýdi ol - ýöwselläp,
Ýygrylşyň besdir!”
“Örän dogry! - diýdi yzdan bir gelin-
Näm üçin henizem ýatanok galyň?
Agam on ýyl ozal karz alan pulun
Henizem üzüp ýör...
Duýmaşyň besdir!”
Arman, ne sülçi sen, ne-de prokuror.
Ýöne igenmäge gelniň haky bar.
Seniň söz diýilýän ötgür okuň bar,
Atjak-atjak bolup,
Giç galşyň besdir.
Şygyr atylmaly! Ýeňmeli şygyr!
Şoňa arkalanýar her köýen bagyr.
Döwrüň arkasyna düşen ýagyr
Şondan em almaly!
Ýalňyşyň besdir.
Söýgä çürşen bolsa öýkeniň ýary,
Indi il derdinden çürşmeli bary.
Ykbalyňdan nalap, çekmegin zary,
Şeýleräk täleýi
Saýlaşyň besdir.
Şygryňy dokuz aý bagryňda sakla,
Şondan soň stoluň üstüne okla.
Gygyryp dogur-da,
gygyrman oka,
Doglaňda
Gygyryp dogulşyň besdir.
Uludyryn öýtme etseler taryp!
Kiçidirin öýtme peseltse görip!
Ne uly, ne kiçi, ne baý, ne garyp,
Tüýs baryp ýatany-
Şu bolşuň besdir.
Ýalaňaç, aç-suwsuz galmasaň gatap,
Soranlara diýseň: “Aý, bardyr bir tap...”
Bir stol, üç keçe; iki müň kitap-
Başga zat gerek däl,
Şo goşuň besdir.
Işläňde işleseň öz başyň bilen,
Gyşlaňda gyşlasaň öz gyşyň bilen,
Dişläni dişleseň öz dişiň bilen -
Gädijegem bolsa,
Öz dişiň besdir.
Diş hakda, ýaş hakda irräk-le heniz!
Seret, bagyň içi säher dek tämiz,
Hanha iki gelin, ýene-de üç gyz
Saňa lak atýarlar.
Şu ýaşyň besdir.
Joralaň bäşisem misli gül-çeçek.
Ak gelin, seslendi misli ak ýüpek:
“Şahyr, büküljiräp ýöreme entek,
Sen garrama,
Dünýäň garraýşam besdir!”
Katdymy dikledim. Sowuldym ýoldan,
“Dinden çyk-diýlipdir-çykmagyn ilden!”
Oturdym, gülüşdim... Perişde däl men,
Adamdan doglupdym.
Şo dogşum besdir.
Goý, ýaşlyk mährinden güýç alsyn ýürek,
Ikisin okap ber
bir goşga derek.
Okadym. Ýol ogly ýolunda gerek:
“Hoş, gyzlar,
Biderek güýmeşim besdir!”
ÖÝMÜZE ugradym. Şäher lälezar.
Müň bagtly ýigit bar, nowça läle bar,
Olar ne geýme zar, ne-de bala zar,
Guwanyp,
Giň köçä sygmaşym besdir.
Ak şäher gök baga basyrnyp otyr,
Ilerde Köpetdag keserlip otyr.
(Aşgabat tegelek asyrlyk otyr,
Ýene müň asyra
Gol berşim besdir.
Gündizler abadan, gijeler tämiz.
Kempirler owadan, gojalar eziz.
...Gök gapyň agzynda gulpaklyja gyz
“Waý!” diýip gygyrdy.
Ylgaşym besdir.
Bir görsem murtluja dodagyn gemrip,
Ogly atasyna çenäp dur ýumruk.
Ýigidiň ýumrugyn yzyna gaňryp,
Görejine bakdym:
Doňmaşym besdir.
Göreji buz ýaly, gaşlary gara.
Boýy iki metr, saçy üç sere.
Maşynyn dyrmalap seretdi ýere.
Ene hüňürdedi:
“Dogmaşyň besdir!”
Ata bir ah çekdi. Aýylganç dymdy.
(Erkekde beýle zat görmändim şindi!)
Şu nokatdan eýläk geçmäýin indi,
Siz gyýylmaň,
Meniň gyýylşym besdir.
Ýöne men bir zady goýmaýyn kaza,
Ýogsa ýüregimde galar bir yza.
Ata el gatana
gözlense jeza,
Jezalaň
Ulusyn saýlaşym besdir.
Ýene ýola düşdim. Ýagtyldy köçe-
Göründi uzakdan aksakgal goja-
Miweli agaç dek eglip çalaja,
Gelýär ol,
Nurundan ganmyşym besdir.
Tanaýarmyň ýa-da tanaňokmy sen-
Bi:salam geçmäge dälsiň hakly sen.
Saçyň çalarsa-da,
düýnki tokly sen.
Gudraty
Ýüzüňe sylmaşyň besdir.
Ugradym.
Göründi ýene bir güneş-
Ak saç ene gelýär ak bagta meňzeş.
Yuwaş! Ýuwaş! Akja “Žiguly”, ýuwaş!
Ene geçsin! Ýoluň baglaşyň besdir.
Akja torbasynda käşirmi sogan,
Ene gelýär! Öňün kesmek gadagan!
Nirä sürnüp barýaň, taksiçi dogan?
Dogranyň kimdigin
Bilmeýşiň besdir.
Çyralaryn ýakdy ýüz ýaşly şäher.
Gyzlaryň deminden döränmiş säher.
Ýöne säher
näçe bolsa-da ýeser,
Agşamy-da
Pesde goýmaşym besdir.
Hanha bir gyz gelýär
Sülgünmi, durna -
Gabaklary ýüpek, ýaňagy hurma.
Iň eziz, iň tanyş
ys urdy burna,
Baş Söýgimi ýatlap,
Köreşim besdir.
Gözleri-de tanyş, gaşy-da tanyş,
Giň alny-da tanyş, dişi-de tanyş.
On sekiz-on dokuz ýaşy-da tanyş,
Keşbin görüp,
Şagga derleşim besdir.
Bir golundan tutup ýandaky joraň,
Ýag dek akdy gitdi. Açyldy aram.
Soraň, eý, agaçlar,
şo gyzdan soraň!
Keşbi tanyş!
Tanap bilmeşim besdir.
Agaçlaň birinden çykdy bir owaz:
“Şahyr, başky Söýgiň balasy şol gyz!”
Şo bada ýüregme girip bir nyýaz,
Esli wagt
Özüme gelmeşim besdir.
Bitipdir, ösüpdir enä mynasyp.
Gözler düýpsüz derýa, nury bihesip,
Söýjek ýigit,
sen bir galma binesip,
Sen jowranma,
Meniň jowranşym besdir!
Barýar topar-topar gyzlar-gelinler.
(şäherliler hem-de myhman gelenler).
Söýgüden aglanlar ýa-da gülenler-
Haýsyňyz köp?
Size ýüzlenşim besdir.
Dymyp geçip barýar gözellik sili,
Her gözel-bir bagtyň sütüni ýaly.
(sütünler saklaýar Watany, ili!)
Şolarsyz
Ýetim dek müzzerşiň besdir.
Joşup Gözelligiň tolkunna görä,
Ýöräber ýaşlygyň akymna görä!
Çokul diýen zat hem akylňa görä
Ykjar eken
Ozal aňmaýşym besdir.
Öň ýanymdan barýar bir harman çogul.
Ýeňseden kükäp dur gözdäki akyl.
Ýanyndaky goç hem - duran bir nakyl!
Toraňňymy ýatlap,
Ýuwdunşym besdir.
Zyýany ýok! Söýüp gyzlaň naýbaşyn,
Öwrenipdiň dünýäň dürsün, ýalňyşyn.
(Söýmedige düşnüksizdir durmuşyň,
Söýen üçin -
Birje dem alşyň besdir).
Dünýäde
şol Aýal sag gezip ýörkän,
Ýüregim daşdandyr, dagdandyr arkam.
Şonuň aýak yzy toprakda barkan-
Ýeri agyrtmaga
Dözmeýşim besdir.
MYDAM Gözellige dikip nazarym,
Gödekligi nyşanama alaryn.
...Myssarmaň, agsamaň, kapyýalarym,
Dim-dik ýöräň,
Size söýenşim besdir.
Bolsada-da myssyklyk, agsaklyk sende,
Eý, goşgym, bolmasyn biparhlyk sende!
Asmanyň astynda, ýeriň üstünde
Diňe
Biparhlardan eýmenşim besdir.
Maňlaýy bulutdyr. Nazary demir.
Gülküsi azapdyr. Ýylgyrşy jebir.
Ne-hä roman okar, ne-de bir şygyr,
Gözleriň görende
Demigşiň besdir.
Bir maýyp ýykylyp, köçede ýatyr.
Biparhlyk seredip, içerde ýatyr.
Ýürekde rehim ýok, gözde howatyr.
Ýüzüne bakaňda
Düwünşiň besdir.
Ili ýagy çapsyn - däldir parhyna,
Bir ýurdy ýer howsun - däldir parhyna.
Gynanmak, guwanmak ýatdyr ruhuna,
Ony düwnük bilen deňeşim besdir.
Goşgym,
çaga däl sen, sakgallysyň sen,
Murtuň towlap, orta çykmalysyň sen,
Kimi öpüp, kimi çakmalysyň sen.
Diňe şonda şahyr ykballysyň sen.
Ýogsa
Gara şaýa degmeşiň besdir.
ÖKJELERDEN gidip çüý dek formalar,
Döräpdir sagyrlak platformalar.
Şeýdiň-de arkaýyn ýöräň, durnalar,
Ýagşy zada
Sizçe begenşim besdir.
Deň ýarysy aşyk, deň ýary dogan,
WUZ-dan çogup çykdy ýüz gyz, ýüz oglan.
Gülgün köýnekli gyz, azajyk eglen,
Söz aýtjak!
Arzuwma meňzeşiň besdir.
Sagrysynda owlak gezibermeli,
Gözlerinde balyk ýüzübermeli,
Ýaňagyna goşgy ýazybermeli
Sen gyzy
Gelinlik belleýşim besdir.
Jaýyň içindenmi ýa-da astyndan,
Enäň sesi geldi ýeriň pestinden:
“Iki horjun puly okla üstümden!
Ýogsa gyz ýok! Pulsuz molaşyň besdir!”
Gorarys, eje jan, gyzlaryň erkin.
Galyň diýen zadyň bereris merkin.
Belläp onuň
üçün,
ýedisin,
kyrkyn,
Soň bolsa,
Aşyndan doýmaşym besdir...
Geçdi gapdalymdan, ýüz oglan, ýüz gyz,
Ädimler edepli, gürrüňler eziz.
Ýöne näçe-näçe hile bar heniz,
Içine gir,
Daşdan synlaşyň besdir!
Salam berip geçdi tanyş bir gelin.
Bagry pide-pide, ýüregi dilim.
Eý, gelin,
asmana ýetýärkä eliň,
Söýgi bilen
Gurjak oýnaýşyň besdir.
Ol ýigide seni çatmandy hiç kim,
Şepbik dek ýelmeşdiň.
Tirkeşdiň üç gün.
Dördünji gün derrew sypadyň saçyn,
Başinji gün
Eýýäm aldanşyň besdir.
Peseltdiň mukaddes mertebäňi sen,
Aýlap ýere çaldyň gyz jygaňy sen.
Indem
başa düşen pajygaňy sen
Içiňe sygdyrman,
Aglaşyň besdir.
Erkin-ygtyýaryň, elbetde, seňki,
Ýöne weli dälsiň özüň özüňki!
Özüň - Watanyňky, Watan - biziňki.
Seni Watan kimin
Gabanşym besdir...
GEPLEDI Aşgabat. Ýaňlandy konsert.
Özgert, aýdym, gödek zatlary özgert!
Her gezek tenime girende bir dert,
Diňe seni diňläp,
Sagalşym besdir.
Tutuş bagrym bilen guwanyp ýagşa,
Öýe ýetip barýan diň salyp bagşa.
Hiý, şu wagtam
signal bolar oguşýar!
Eý, maşyn,
Bimahal gugurşyň besdir.
Göter, Sahy bagşy, ýene-de göter,
Göter, Çuwal bagşy, ondanam beter.
Göterdiler. Serpaý haýsyna ýeter?
Bir serpaýy
Des-deň paýlaşym besdir.
Ikisi-de biri-birinden beýik
(Beýikleň boýuny ölçemek aýyp!)
“Her haýsy bir dagyň örküji” diýip,
Goşa daga
Dep-deň paýlaşym besdir.
Aýdymyň yzyndan ýaňlandy bir saz.
Bu niçik gudratka, bu niçik owaz?
(Mylly atam
gowşat taryňy biraz.
Ogluňy jadylap
Gynaýşyň besdir).
Onýança ýaňlandy ýene bir mukam.
Çalýanlaň ýüregi hazynamykan?
...EÝ, AÇGÖZ,
şuň ýaly baýlygymyz barkan,
Ýene baýlyk gözläp,
Aýnaşyň besdir.
Besdir mukam ýerne çişlik sygnaşyň.
Besdir alkyş ýerne gyzyl ýygnaşyň,
Besdir ili ütüp, gapa sygmaşyň,
Ynsabyňy satyp,
Ýognaşyň besdir.
Özüňki hasaplap il-günüň jübsün,
Sokjap, ýara edip döwletiň göwsün,
Dost-ýaran tutunyp adamlaň pisin,
Halallary
Adam sanmaşyň besdir.
Rüstemiň öňünde-billeriň orak,
Asgynyň öňünde-kamatyň derek.
Diňe agzyň gülýär, gülenok ýürek-
Çaňňalak dek
Sort-sort ýylgyrşyň besdir.
Jaýyňa seretseň-aňk edýär nagşy.
(Daşyn görýär, için bilenok goňşy!)
Ýaşaýyş jaýymy, Şasenem köşgi! -
Nämedigin
Zordan saýgarşyň besdir.
Derwezäniň öňi-giden çarbaglyk.
Şapyrdap ses edýär howzuňda balyk,
Gol çekip alýanyň näçeräk aýlyk?
Ortaça işçiňkä
Deňleşim besdir.
Emma jamyň gyzyl, çäýnegiň gyzyl
Portsigaryň gyzyl, äýnegiň gyzyl.
“Näme üçin dälkä köýnegim gyzyl?”
Müň şükür,
Bir şony diýmeşiň besdir.
Ne ýasda görünýäň, ne-de bir toýda.
(Bilemok çal beýniň niçiksi küýde!)
Goňşyň ýas baglaýar, sen bolsa öýde,
Äpişgeden jyklap,
Gözleşiň besdir.
Daşyňdan seretseň - duran medeniýet
Boýnuňda galstuk, egniňde jilet.
Eýläňde žurnal dur, eliňde gazet,
Diňe tiražlaryn
Barlaşyň besdir.
Öýüňde heňläp dur.
Bäş şkaf kitap -
Puşkin, Baýron ýatyr daş ýaly gatap,
Kerbabaýew dik dur iç-bagry tütäp...
Kitaplaryň diňe arkasyn sypap,
Saraýyň goýny dek
Synlaşyň besdir.
Okaýan kitabyň diňe bir Haýýam,
Şonam öz haýryňa ulanýaň, haýwan!
“Käte köpräk içsem, käýäýse aýal,
Diýýäň: “Şu şahyra
Daýanşym besdir!”
Ähli hereketiň hasaba görä,
Ýeke gymyldyň ýok ynsaba görä.
Diňe içen wagtyň,
kitaba görä
“Içip”,
Haýýamy-da aldaşyň besdir.
Güjügňi-de öz heňiňde jöwledýäň.
Pişigňe-de öz häsiýetiň öwredýäň.
(Goşgymy-da özüň ýaly ownadýaň!)
Eý, goşgym, belent dur!
Ownaşyň besdir.
ŞEÝLE pikirleri kalbyma gaplap,
Barýaryn mukama tenimi taplap.
Eý, mukam, dünýäni hapadan saplap
Bolmazmyka?
Jogap soraşym besdir.
Hapalyk azlykdyr. Tämizlik köplük.
Ýagyberse-durmaz öňünde süplük.
Ýagmaýan adamyň nyrhy bir köpük.
Çak, ýag, göreş!
Guk-paňk oýnaşyň besdir!
Onýança başlandy ýyldyrym urşy.
Birden şaglap geldi tomusyň ýagşy.
Diňse ýagşy,
guýsa ondanam ýagşy-
Ak ýagşy
Ak bagta deňeşim besdir.
Ýaplara gapgarlyp çöp-çalam, hapa,
Çagbanyň güýjünden döredi depe.
Ýene müňder-müňder ugrady çepe!
Gidiber!
Kenardan çogmaşyň besdir!
Çöpler bir-biriniň başyndan idip,
Kirler bir-biriniň üstünden ädip,
Gitdiler...
Dünýänem ýuwarys şeýdip!
Il güýjüne
Umyt baglaşym besdir.
Ýagyş ýagmasyny etdirýär dowam.
(Çabga, sende güýç bar, akylym haýran!)
Süllümbaý boldum-la! Hany saýawan?
Ýok gerek däl.
Kirden ýuwulşym besdir.
Megerem, gygyrsam:
“Ös, saçym, ös, ös!”
Maňlaýma saç biter. Seç, ýagmyram, seç!
Saçym gögermedi. (Gögermänler geç,
Bir mahal
Telpegme sygmaşyň besdir!)
ÝAGYŞ diňdi. Dünýä gül açdy niçik.
Äpişgeler açyk, işikler açyk.
Bütin şäher mawy ekrany açyp,
“Wagty” diňläp otyr.
Säginşim besdir.
Öýmüze çaltrak ýetmeli hökman.
Ýene-de nämeler tapdyka Ak tam?
Pentagon. Neýtron... Ertire çykman
Bir goşgy ýazmaly.
Äwmeşiň besdir.
Ýetdim köçämize. Garaldy iňrik.
Çagalar çapyp ýör gök hyýar gemrip.
Olaryň şatlygna bolup deň şärik.
Gapa ýetenimi
Duýmaşym besdir.
Öýe girdim. Derrew towladym “Wagty”.
Mawy ekran saçdy öýmüze ýagty.
Diýdi: “Eý, adamzat, geçirme wagty,
Erte giç bor.
Bidert ýaýnaşyň besdir! -
Asyryň aýagy - ullakan synag.
Dikeldi dünýäde iň elhenç sorag:
“Ýere miras goýjak nähili sylag -
Adammy, kerpiçmi?-
Saýlaşyň besdir!”-
Soňra howa hakda sözledi diktor.
Tebigatyň erbet howasy ýokdur!
Gökden ajal ýagsa - şol hatarrakdyr.
Eý, Koen,
Ajala çagyrşyň besdir!
Wagşy neýtronyň wagşy atasy.
Belli dälmi saňa dünýäň kartasy?
Öýüň üçin däl-de,
Ýeriň ortasy
Üçin
wagşy ogul dogurşyň besdir.
Berline çen ölçäp garyşma-garyş,
Ýigrimi milliony edipdik bagyş.
Şonda pida bilen öldürilen Uruş,
Ýene-de täzeden
Janlanşyň besdir!
Birdenkä ýene-de ýyldyrym çakdy.
Göýä bir okean topraga çökdi.
Ýeri aklyk tutdy. Garalyk akdy.
Gudrata
Demsalym aňalşym besdir.
ÇABGA kiparlady. Gepleşik tamam.
Gapynyň öňünde eşdildi salam.
Kim bolsaň-da derrew girewer myhman,
Bu dünýäde
Sensiz oňmaşym besdir.
Täze başlan goşgym gutarman ýatyr.
Bu gün ýazylmasa, ýazylar ertir!
Häzirlikçe eziz myhmanym otyr,
Gözlerinden
Gözüm sowmaşym besdir.
Ol gitdi. Ýene-de kakyldy gapy.
Ugradanym birdi, gelenler iki.
Birmi, onmy - deňdir myhmanyň ýüki,
Çydapdym, çydaryn,
Sag başym besdir.
Ätledi gapydan ýegendir ata.
Derrew gözüm düşdi attestat-hata.
Diýdi: “Hany şu ýyl gal-da gaýrata,
Ýegeniňi okat!
Ýaýdanşyň besdir!”
“Okuwlaň haýsyna girmekçi ýegen?”
“Köplük nirä bolsa, şo ýere-de men...”
Garalawjy boljak! “Oňardyň-ow sen,
Bu dünýäniň
Öňki sögüşem besdir.”
“Näm üçin şol ugra dyzaýar hemme?”
Ata gönüledi: “Gözlüje emme!
Sen o zatlar hakda pikire çümme,
Diýenime “Hoş” diý.
Bir “Hoşuň” besdir”.
Diýdim: “Eltäýeli edebiýat, dile?”
Atasy ör turdy çemçesi bile.
“Bälçireme!- diýip, ýylgyrdy çala -
Ol ugurdan
Seniň çygylşyň besdir!”
Ataň sözlerine bersem-de jogap,
Özi-de, ogly-da etmedi togap.
(Olar gitdi, ýene başlandy azap,
Ýazyber, üýtgeme,
Öz bolşuň besdir!)
Özüň üýtgeme-de, üýtgäni üýtget!
Şudur maňlaýyňa çyzylan kysmat.
Şony başarmasaň - gopgunňy bes et,
Kyrk ýyllap,
Bihuda samraşyň besdir!
Baş waspyň bolsa-da Gözellik, Gowluk,
Şeriň gapdalyndan geçmegin sowlup,
Oňa öz sözüňi aýtmaga howluk,
Aýtmasaň ol aýdar,
Giç galşyň besdir.
Watan, baýdak, söýgi, kommunist, il-gün
Bu bäş sözi parhsyz heçjiklemegin,
Dilde däl,
kalbyňda göterip bilgin,
Olardan
Howa dek dem alşyň besdir.
Şygryň bilen edip olara kömek,
Kömek soramagyn kömegňe derek.
Diňe mahal-mahal
sanjanda ýürek,
Il-günden
Kuwwat soraşyň besdir.
Ýagşymy, ýamanmy, şudur ýaraşyň,
Göwräň söýgüdendir, bolmaz gargyşyň,
Iň uly gargyşyň: “Päliň-ýoldaşyň”
Özüňe-de
Päliň - ýoldaşyň besdir.
Arzuwyň -
Ýüz ýaşa bolmakdyr şaýat.
Ýöne uzak ýaşdan taparmyň myrat?
Dertlä em bermeseň, ejize kuwwat-
Ägirt betbagtlykdyr ýüz ýaş diýen zat.
...Il näçe ýaşatsa -
Şol ýaşyň besdir.
1881
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<div align=center>
[[18. asyr]] | '''[[19. asyr]]''' | [[20. asyr]] <br>
[[1876]] | [[1877]] | [[1878]] | [[1879]] | [[1880]] | '''1881''' | [[1882]] | [[1883]] | [[1884]] | [[1885]] | [[1886]]
</div>
== Esasy Wakalar ==
=== Türkmenistanda Esasy Wakalar ===
* [[Türkmenbaşy aý]]ynyň 12-si, [[Gökdepe Galasy]]nyň Synmagy
=== Dünýäde Esasy Wakalar ===
== Dogulanlar ==
== Ölenler ==
Kerim Gurbannepes/Ömrüme Pent Goşgusy
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New page: [[Kerim Gurbannepes]] ÖMRÜME PENT
Şahyr! Şahyrlygyň çyn bolýan bolsa, Sönüp, ýanyp, ýene sönüp, ýanyp git. Ynsanlyk ýazgydyň çuň bolýan bolsa, Gara ýere çümüp, çyky...
[[Kerim Gurbannepes]] ÖMRÜME PENT
Şahyr! Şahyrlygyň çyn bolýan bolsa, Sönüp, ýanyp, ýene sönüp, ýanyp git. Ynsanlyk ýazgydyň çuň bolýan bolsa, Gara ýere çümüp, çykyp, çümüp git. Hem akyl ber, hem iliňden akyl al. Kitapdan däl, gara ýerden nakyl al. Alan zadyň demiň bilen ýakyp al, Soň ýene-de ýeriň süýdün emip git. Dag ýoluna, çöl ýoluna belet bol, Dag ýolunda - çat açmaýan polat bol. Çöl ýolunda - tirkeş-tirkeş bulut bol. Teşne görseň, dodagyna damyp git. Ýol agyrdyr: müň ýanylar, öçüler. Bagtly ýollar kynlyk bilen geçiler. Ýel ygyna şaglap gitse geçiler, Sen öküz dek ýele garşy yňyp git. Bagt paýlansa üç baýlygy ilki al: Ylgap baryp saglyk bilen erki al. Ýany bilen çuwal-çuwal gülki al, Soň tapylar, galan zady zyňyp git. Dost paýlansa “Äber” diýip gyssanma, Alaňdan soň - gysgaltma hem gysgalma. Dileg etse - gözlerňi hem gysganma, Birin ber-de, biri bilen oňup git. Ha çaryk geý, Ha çokaý geý, Telpek geý - Parhy ýokdur: geýseň bolar erkek deý. Ýöne weli şypbyldama çepek deý. Aýna gonçly ädik ýaly doňup git. Sorasaň aýdaýyn kyýamat nedir? Erkekler ownasa - kyýamat şodur. Her başy telpeklä goýmagyn gadyr. Bäş telpegi bir gyňaja daňyp git. Gözelligi sor bagryňa, öýkenňe. Söýülseň söý, söýülmeseň süýkenme. Söýgi hem goşgudyr! Kişä öýkünme, Öz möhrüňi, öz közüňi goýup git. Ýeňip ýaşa: ahyrda ýeň, başda ýeň, Tomusda ýeň, ýazda, güýzde, gyşda ýeň. Söýgiňde ýeň, gaýgyňda ýeň, işde ýeň - Bir oguldan ýeňilip hem ýeňip git. Ýeňsin ogul dil bilen däl, iş bilen. Seňkä görä has ýitiräk huş bilen. Aýak däl-de, parasatly baş bilen Ýeňse ogul - gözüň rahat ýumup git. Gözüň sürtüp merhum enäň alnyna, Bir aglapdyň. Indi beri aglama: Öz balaňy eliň bilen jaýlama, Nobatynda mele ýere sümüp git. Dünýä gelmegiň-de nobaty ýagşy, Ýene ölmegiň-de nobaty ýagşy. Men diňe bir zatda nobata garşy: Dost öýünde islän çagyň gonup git. Başarsaň - köplügiň içine garyş, Tanyşdan dost tutun, ýatlardan - tanyş. “Žiguliň” içinden gözleme durmuş, Köplük bilen awtobusa münüp git. Köpelsin öýüňde ýürekdeş myhman - Ýary işçi bolsun, ýarysy daýhan. Elbetde, alymam, şahyram hökman. Üýşüp, çaşyp, çar tarapa eňip git. Şeýle dostlar bilen gezseň birsellem - Ýetersiň iň uly matlaba çenlem. Gadamyň giňden ur! Entekler ellem Hol öňde-le... Ýaş hakynda dymyp git. Haly wagtyň meňzemegin kilime, Diri wagtyň gyssanmagyn ölüme. Öçen wagtyň öýkünmegin çilime - Içi közli ojar ýaly sönüp git. Ýene bir söz (magtanmak däl, öwüt däl): Mazaryma daş oturtmak sargyt däl. Mele ýeriň astynda-da daş gyt däl, Bakylyk şol: Şol daşlara siňip git
Kerim Gurbannepes/Ýazmasy Agyr Düşen Goşgy
3134
8198
2006-12-11T15:57:20Z
Ga1taman
128
[[Kerim Gurbannepes]] <br>
'''ÝAZMASY AGYR DÜŞEN GOŞGY'''<br>
Bütin oba garaşyp dur.<br>
Ýola bakýar hemmeler.<br>
Atasy pyşyrdaýar:<br>
“Geler. Geler. Geler”.<br>
<br>
Gelnejesi pyşyrdaýar:<br>
“Gelermikä? Kim biler...”<br>
Atasy göwünlik berýär:<br>
“Geler-le... hökman geler”.<br>
<br>
Gök toraňňyň saýasynda<br>
Ýüzläp adam dymyp dur.<br>
Çekizeli ak haltadan<br>
Turşy damja damyp dur.<br>
<br>
Ýygnanyşdy babadaşlar,<br>
Içginler hem daşgynlar.<br>
Ne signal bar, ne şowhun-<br>
Dymyşyp dur maşynlar.<br>
<br>
Geldi dürli maşynlar -<br>
Gyzyl, sary, ýaşyl, ak.<br>
Geldi garaşylmaýanlar.<br>
Garaşylýan gelenok.<br>
<br>
Göýä pikir hem etmän<br>
Bu gürrüňler babatda.<br>
Ak guş kimin irkilip,<br>
Ene ýatyr tabytda.<br>
<br>
Göterlerne garaşyp dur<br>
Köpi gören agaç at.<br>
Ene ýatyr üstünde<br>
Giň maňlaýly,<br>
Agajet.<br>
<br>
Şol enäniň ogluna<br>
Garaşyp dur hemmeler.<br>
Geldi tanyş, nätanyş -<br>
Geldi şondan öňňeler.<br>
<br>
...Ol henizem gelenok.<br>
Meger, häzir ýoldadyr.<br>
Iň söýgüli ulagy<br>
Samolýot däl, “Wolgadyr”.<br>
<br>
Ýöne weli uçurýandyr<br>
Samolýota deňeçer.<br>
Şondan yza-ha galmaz,<br>
Oňarsa öňe geçer.<br>
<br>
Ol henizem gelenok...<br>
Meger, häzir ýoldadyr.<br>
Ýa-da iki eli hem<br>
Ullakan stoldadyr.<br>
<br>
Tüweleme, uly adam<br>
Bolup gitdi indi ol.<br>
Ýaňy bolsa has ullakan<br>
Bir stula mündi ol.<br>
<br>
“Sypaýmasyn birden!” diýip,<br>
Oturandyr ýapyşyp.<br>
Owadanja gelinler<br>
Çaý çekýändir çapyşyp.<br>
<br>
Üýtgeşikdir öňündäki<br>
Kişmiş, kemput, şokolad.<br>
Ýa gök çaýyň humaryna <br>
Ýazýandyr bir doklad.<br>
<br>
Ýok, ýok, özi doklad ýazmaz,<br>
Ýazýandyrlar başgalar.<br>
Ýaranjaňlar her sözüne<br>
Ellerin çarpyşarlar.<br>
<br>
Ol bolsa özi ýazýan dek<br>
Gülümsirär, ýylgyrar.<br>
Ýazanlar onuň deregne<br>
Utanjyrar, ýygrylar.<br>
<br>
...Ýigrimi ýyl mundan ozal<br>
Gutarypdy bir WUZ-y.<br>
Ony oňa gutardan hem<br>
Tabytdaky ezizi.<br>
<br>
Güýzde pagta ýygypdy.<br>
Gyşda körek çöpläpdi. <br>
“Oglum ullakan okuwda!”<br>
Buýsanç bilen gepläpdi. <br>
<br>
Howdan gurdy, gazy gazdy<br>
Laýa batyp dyzyndan.<br>
Ýygnanjasyn lükgeläp<br>
Ibererdi yzyndan.<br>
<br>
Ogly üçin ak mütgelden<br>
Bir haltajyk tikindi.<br>
Üçlügini, manadyny,<br>
Şaýysyny, köpügni-<br>
<br>
Artdyranja puljagazyn<br>
Atdy şonuň içine.<br>
Şeýde-şeýde kyrk ýaşynda<br>
Ak çozupdy saçyna.<br>
<br>
Ogly okuwyn gutardy.<br>
Ene dertläp ýykyldy.<br>
Ol şonda sypap otyrdy<br>
Bir gözeliň çokulny.<br>
<br>
Dakýardy enäň pulundan<br>
Her barmagna bir ýüzük,<br>
Gulagyna teneçir,<br>
Bilegine bilezik.<br>
<br>
Söýüşdi, gujaklaşdy.<br>
Paýtagtdan jaý tutundy.<br>
...Enesinden utanmady,<br>
Ene ondan utandy.<br>
<br>
Ene käte paýtagta<br>
Gezmäge gelen wagty,<br>
Gelni diýdi: “Ýok etsene<br>
Bu porsy garabagty!”<br>
<br>
Ogly diýdi: “Ýakymsyz<br>
Ysyň bar-la, jan eje.<br>
Bu eýýamda arassa<br>
Bolmaly myhman, eje!”<br>
<br>
Ene diýdi: “Wah, jan ogul,<br>
Her niçe porsasak-da,<br>
Ulalansyň, ýetişensiň<br>
Şu porsuja gujakda...”<br>
<br>
Soňra bolsa uzak gije <br>
Ýorganynda aglardy.<br>
Daňyň atarna mähetdel,<br>
Otla tarap ylgardy.<br>
<br>
...Şeýde-şeýde günler ötdi,<br>
Aýlar ötdi nobatly.<br>
Edeni şowuna boldy.<br>
Durmuş ony aýnatdy.<br>
<br>
Her sözünde bir oýun,<br>
Her elde bir desmaly-<br>
Bir ýyl bäri saklap otyr<br>
Has uly bir stoly.<br>
<br>
Bu gün bolsa enesi<br>
Amanadyn tabşyrdy...<br>
Gelen telegrammany<br>
Stolunda ýygşyrdy.<br>
<br>
Ony aýalyndan başga<br>
Görkezmedi hiç kime.<br>
Är-heleý karara geldi:<br>
“Barsak bor-la üçüne!”<br>
<br>
...Bütin obaň gözi ýolda.<br>
Garaşyp dur hemmeler.<br>
Atasy pyşyrdaýar:<br>
“Geler, geler, geler”.<br>
<br>
Gelnejesi pyşyrdaýar: <br>
“Gelermikä! Kim biler!” <br>
Ene-de misli gozganýar: <br>
“Geler balam, geler, geler.”<br>
<br>
Onýança-da <br>
“Gelýär!” diýip,<br>
Ardyndy bir ýaşuly.<br>
Göründi ýaşyl meýdanda<br>
“Wolgalaryň” ýaşyly.<br>
<br>
“Geler diýdim ähbeti!”<br>
Bir daýandy atasy.<br>
Gara-köýük ýüzüniň<br>
Artyp gitdi ýagtysy.<br>
<br>
Onýança-da ýaşyl “Wolga”<br>
Aşak indi ýapydan.<br>
Geljek adamyň deregne<br>
Şofýor çykdy gapydan.<br>
<br>
“Şu gün gelip biljek däl.<br>
Gyssagly bir iş çykdy...”<br>
Birden ataň gözlerinden<br>
Iki çogdam ýaş çykdy.<br>
<br>
Ýetmiş ýaşyň içinde<br>
Aglamadyk ol goja,<br>
Gözýaşyny süpürdi-de,<br>
Bir ýylgyrdy çalaja.<br>
<br>
Ol ýylgyryş ömürbaky<br>
Çykmaz meniň ýadymdan.<br>
Beýle aýylganç ýylgyrşy<br>
Görmändim men adamda.<br>
<br>
...Göterdiler enäniň<br>
Ak guş ýaly tabydyn.<br>
Ýaz şemaly ykjatdy<br>
Üstündäki mawudyn.<br>
<br>
Salladylar çukura<br>
Ak saçly bir dünýäni.<br>
Içki öýüň gapysyna<br>
Eltilende enäni - <br>
<br>
Iki omzuny diräp<br>
Çukuryň erňegine,<br>
Hiç giresi gelmedi<br>
Öz girmeli öýüne.<br>
<br>
Iň soňkuja pursatda-da<br>
Öz ogluna garaşdy.<br>
...Ýazsamam ýazdym weli,<br>
Agyr düşdi bu goşgy.
<br>
Kerim Gurbannepes/Enäniň ýaşy
3135
8199
2006-12-11T16:00:42Z
Ga1taman
128
New page: [[Kerim Gurbannepes]] '''Enäniň ýaşy'''
<br>
<br>
Günämizi bagyşlaýar eneler.<br>
Sebäp eneleriň ak süýtli döşi<br>
Köp köp garalygyň günäsin ötýär.<br>
Şeýdibem ke...
[[Kerim Gurbannepes]] '''Enäniň ýaşy'''
<br>
<br>
Günämizi bagyşlaýar eneler.<br>
Sebäp eneleriň ak süýtli döşi<br>
Köp köp garalygyň günäsin ötýär.<br>
Şeýdibem kemelýär eneleň ýaşy.<br>
<br>
Ene balasyna buýurdy ýumuş.<br>
Ol diýdi: “Özüň et oň ýaly işi!”<br>
Ýandy ene, emma günäsin ötdi.<br>
Kemeldi enäniň ýene bir ýaşy.<br>
<br>
“Öýe wagtynda gel, giç gelme balam!”<br>
Ogly bolsa enä çenedi daşy.<br>
“Wah nätsemkäm?”, emma ötdi günäsin.<br>
Kemeldi enäniň ýene bir ýaşy.<br>
<br>
Ýigrimi ýaşyny doldurdy ogul, <br>
Gapak ýaly boldy tüýlüje döşi.<br>
“Indi ata bolduň, adam bol ogul.”<br>
Gysyldy-gysyldy enäniň dişi.<br>
<br>
Ene dişin gysdy otuzki gezek.<br>
Her gezek gysanda gaçdy bir dişi.<br>
Enäniň her gaçan dişine derek,<br>
Ýaprak dek saralyp gaçdy bir ýaşy... <br>
Hasan Sami Bolak
3140
8396
2006-12-22T20:29:24Z
88.224.222.29
'''Hasan Sami Bolak''', Türk şair, gazeteci, yazar. Erciyes Gazetesi sahibi ve başyazarı. Kayseri*Türkiye doğumlu (10.Mayıs.1942) Wikipedia ansiklopedisi editörü.
Indoneziýa
3144
8255
2006-12-14T02:10:13Z
Atamyrat
15
Dowletler kategoriyasyny gosdym
{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>'''Indoneziýa respublikasy'''</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#ffffff;" align=center colspan=2 |
{| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg|125px|Indoneziyanyň baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Image:Coat_of_Indonesia_transparent.png|100px|Indoneziyanyn gerbi]]
|-
| align=center width=148 | [[Indoneziyanyň baýdagy]]
| align=center width=148 | [[Indoneziyanyn gerbi]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Image:LocationIndonesia.png]]
|-
| '''[[Paýtagt]]'''
| [[Jakarta]]
|-
| '''[[Prezident]]'''
| [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
|-
| '''[[Dil]]'''
| [[Indoneziýa dilleri]]
|-
| '''[[Gimn]]'''
| [[Indoneziya Raya]]
|-
| '''[[Meýdany]]'''
| 1,904,569 km²
|-
| '''[[Ilat]]'''<br/> – ilat/km²
| 222,781,000<br/> 117/km²
|-
| '''[[Garaşsyzlyk]]'''
| [[17 August]] [[1945]]
|-
| '''[[Pul]]'''
| [[Rupiah]]
|-
| '''[[Wagt]]'''
| Uytgeyar
|-
| '''[[Telefon kod]]'''
| 62
|-
| '''[[Internet TLD]]'''
| [[.id]]
|}
'''INDONEZIÝA(Indonesia)''', Indoneziýa respublikasy (Respublyk Indonesiýa).
== Umumy maglumaty ==
Go-Gd, Aziýadaky döwlet. Ol Aziýa bilen Awstralyýanyn aralygynda Malaý (Indoneziýa) arhipelagynyn adalarynda (uly Zond, Kiçi Zond we Molukka adalary) ýerleşýär. Indoneziýanyn sostawyna täze gwineýa (gb. Irian) Aziýanyn günbatar bölegi we onuň töweregiňdäki käbir ownuk adalar hem girýär. Meýdany 1904,3 mun km/kwadrat. Ylatyn 144,9 mln. Adam (1979) ýýlyn aýagynda). Paýtagty-[[Jakarta]] şäheri. Indoneziýa adminstratiw taýdan welaýatlara boluňýar. [[Jakarta]] we Jokýakarta şäherleri-de aýratyn adminstratiw birliklere bölünen.
== Döwlet gurluşy ==
Indoneziýa respublikasy. Häzirki konstituşyýasy 1945 ýýlda. (1949 ýýlyn 27 dekabryndan 1959 ýýlyn 5 iýulyna çenli ýurtda başga konstituşyýalar hereket etdi). Kabul edilýär. Döwletiň we hökümmediniň baştutany prezident. Prezident halk konsultatiw kongresi (HKK) tarapyndan 5 ýýl möhlete saýlaňýar. 1969 ýýlyn kanunyna görä döwlet häkimýetiniň ýokary organy HKK bolup, ol parlamentin halk wekilleri söwetiniň (HWS) 460 wekilinden dürli ýerli jemgyýetçilik toparlarynyň 460 wekilinden ybaratdyr. Kanun çykarjylyk funksiýalary HBS degishlidir. Sud sistemasy ýokary suddan (onuň çlenlerini president belleýär), oblast sudlaryndan, döwlet sudlaryndan (ýustisa ministry belleýär.) hem-de musulman dini sudlaryndan ybaratdyr.
== Tebigaty ==
Indoneziýa ekwatoryýal, atmosferanyň çalşyp durýan mossunly zonasynda ýerleşýär. Indoneziýanyn ekwatora we adalarda ýerleşmegi ol ýerde mydama maýýl howanyň bolmagy üçin şert döredýär. Indoneziýada deňiz suwunyň tempraturasy hemişe +27-dan ýokarydyr. Suw akymlary möwsüme görä üýtgäp durýar, deňiz haýwanlaryna baý. Ýeriniň ½ böleginden gowragyny orta beýiklikdäki daglyklar we pes daglyklar tutýar. Gb,Irianda kem-kes, beýik daglyklara (in beýik ýeri 5029m) düş gelmek bolýar. Ýurduň bütin gd. Bölegini diýen ýaly epinli we wulkanyk daglar tutýar. Wulkanlar örän köp.
Indoneziýanyn köp bölegi kaýnozoý tektogenezisine, dg-gd Sumatra we go-gb. Kalymaňtaň mezozoý oblastyna, Täze Gwineýanyn go. Bölegi we Aru a-lary bolsa mezozoýa çenli bolan ýýgyrtlanmalara degishlidir. Indoneziýanyn geologyç gurlusynda metamorfik jynslar , dürli sostawdaky paleoý, mezozoý we paleogen-neogen effusiw çokundy jynslar, sheýle hem antropegen wulkanyk hadysalar gatnashýarlar. Gažylyp alyňýaň peýdaly zatlardan nebitm kömür, demir-laterit magdanlary, marganes, galaýý, alýumynyý, nikel bar. Ýurduň köp böleginiň klimaty ekwatoriýalydyr. Gd. Ýawada we Kiçi Zond adalarynda bolsa subekwatoriallardyr. Peslikleriň hemme ýerinde diýen ýaly ortaça aýlyk t+25-27. Ýýllyk ygalyň mukdary 2000-4000 mm-e ýetýär. Indoneziýanyn derýa seti gurdyr. Köpüsi hemishe bol suwly derýälär. Esasy derýalary: Kapuas, Baryytom Kampar, Muşy, Mamberamowe Digul. Indoneziýanyn meýdanynyň 4/5 bölegine golaýýnyn, easan ulýond adaarynyn we Gb. Irianyn çaklrinde mydama çygly tokaýlaryň gyzyl-sary laterit, dag laterit we laterit topragy bar, düzlüklerde tropiki batgaçylyk we laterit gleý, go-gd-da gyzyl laterit, gyzyl-goňur topraklar agdyklyk edýär.
Indoneziýanyn köp bölegi-peslikler we 1300-1500 m-e çenli beýiklikli dag ýennitleri ebedi gök, çygly ekwatoryýal tokaý bilen örtülendir. Bu tipdaki tokaýlarda esasan, fikuslar, dipterokarp agaçlary, raşamala, pandanuslar, çörek agajy, sheýle-hem palmalar agaç gornushli paporotnikler, bambuklar ösýär. 1300-1500 m we 2600-300 m aralykdaky zolakda dag-tropiki tokaýlar giň ýaýran, olarda, esasan , ebedi gök (ebedi gök dublar), ýasy ýaprakly agaçlar (buk, dub kashtan), purly agaçlar (podokarpus), go-gd-da ýapragyny dökýän tropiki tokaýlar (tik, kazuarin) we sawannalar ösýär.
Indoneziýa teritoriýasyny köp bölegi Hindi-Malaý zoogeografik oblastynyň Malaý podoblastýa, Gb, Irian, Molukka we Kiçi Zond adalarynyň käbiri Awstralyýa oblasynyn Papuas podoblastyna degishlidir. Indoneziýanyn gb. Böleginde esasan maýmynlar, bir we iki shahly kerkler, piller, malaý aýýsy, totugushlar, krokodiller, ýýlanlar, zemzenler ýashaýar. Gd bölegi üçin torbalylar, ýarganatlar, kakady totulary mahsusdyr. Içerki suwlary we deňizler balyga baýdyr.
== Ilaty ==
Indoneziýada 150-deň gowrak halk ýashaýar. Olaryň köpüsi öz (96 %)dilleri, medeňiýeti we durmuşhy boýunça malaý-poliňiziýa diliniň indoneziýa toparyna degishlidir. Bu toparyn has uly halklary: ýawanlar, we olara kowumdash şundanlar hem madurlar, malaýlar, olara ýakyn banjaklar, minangkabauwlar, açerler, batakla we bashgalardyr.
Indoneziýanyn shaherlerinde we plantasyýa raýonlarynda hytaýlar (3 mln ýakyn), asly hindistanlylar we päkistanlylar (90 mun), araplar (100mun), gollandlar (10mun) hem ýashaýar. Döwlet dili-indonez dili. Esasy dini-yslam
Ylatyn ýýlyk köpelişhi orta hasap bilen 2,8% (1963-70) Ylatyn üçden iki bölegi Ýawa a-nda jemlenendir. Ylatyn 70%-e golaýý oba ýerlerinde ýashaýar (1965). Ylaty 100 müňden geçýän shaherlerin her birinde 1mln-dan gowrak ýashaýar.
== Sazy ==
Indoneziýanyn sazy taryhy döwrün öňümidir. Gadym wagtlardan bary dil üsti bilen saz-söhbet edilip gelnipdir. Indoneziýanyn sazynyň esasyny 5 sesli slendro sistemasy düzýär, ol 7 sesli pelog sistemasyna çenli giňelýär. Indoneziýa sazynyň häsiýeti sypaty giň ösen geterfonaýadan we köp seslikden ybaratdyr. Indoneziýanyn häzirki zaman sazynda ýewropa notasyýasy hem ulanylýar. Garashsyzlyk gazaňylaňdan soň (1945), saz kollektiwleri milli däpleri döredijilikli ösdürmäge çalyshýarlar. Kompozitorlardan Syjasmina, A.Paşarybu, Susbini we bashgalar bellidir. 1952 ýýldan bary Jokýakartada döwlet sazçylyk mekdebi ishleýä. 1960 ýýlda konserwatoriýa, Indoneziýa klassyky sazçylyk mekdebi açylýar. 1968 ýýlda we Jokaýakartada radionyn ýanynda kämera orkestrleri hem ishleýär.
== Seret ==
* [[Indoneziýalylar]]
* [[Indoneziýa Kommunistik Partiýasy]]
* [[Indoneziýa dilleri]]
== Sepler ==
* [http://www.indonesia-house.org/ Indonesia House]
* [http://www.thejakartapost.com/ The Jakarta Post]
[[Category:Döwletler]]
[[ar:إندونيسيا]]
[[an:Indonesia]]
[[ast:Indonesia]]
[[zh-min-nan:Ìn-nî]]
[[bs:Indonezija]]
[[bg:Индонезия]]
[[ca:Indonèsia]]
[[cv:Индонези]]
[[cs:Indonésie]]
[[cy:Indonesia]]
[[da:Indonesien]]
[[de:Indonesien]]
[[et:Indoneesia]]
[[el:Ινδονησία]]
[[es:Indonesia]]
[[eo:Indonezio]]
[[eu:Indonesia]]
[[fa:اندونزی]]
[[fr:Indonésie]]
[[fy:Yndoneezje]]
[[gl:Indonesia]]
[[ko:인도네시아]]
[[hi:इंडोनेशिया]]
[[hr:Indonezija]]
[[io:Indonezia]]
[[ilo:Indonesia]]
[[id:Indonesia]]
[[ia:Indonesia]]
[[is:Indónesía]]
[[it:Indonesia]]
[[he:אינדונזיה]]
[[jv:Indonesia]]
[[ka:ინდონეზია]]
[[kw:Indonesi]]
[[ht:Endonezi]]
[[ku:Indonesiya]]
[[la:Indonesia]]
[[lv:Indonēzija]]
[[lb:Indonesien]]
[[lt:Indonezija]]
[[li:Indonesië]]
[[hu:Indonézia]]
[[mi:Initonīhia]]
[[ms:Indonesia]]
[[na:Indonesia]]
[[nl:Indonesië]]
[[ja:インドネシア]]
[[no:Indonesia]]
[[nn:Indonesia]]
[[oc:Indonesia]]
[[ug:ھىندۇنېزىيە]]
[[pam:Indonesia]]
[[ps:اندونېزيا]]
[[nds:Indonesien]]
[[pl:Indonezja]]
[[pt:Indonésia]]
[[ro:Indonezia]]
[[ru:Индонезия]]
[[se:Indonesia]]
[[sa:इन्दोनेशिया]]
[[sq:Indonezia]]
[[scn:Indunesia]]
[[simple:Indonesia]]
[[sk:Indonézia]]
[[sl:Indonezija]]
[[sr:Индонезија]]
[[su:Indonésia]]
[[fi:Indonesia]]
[[sv:Indonesien]]
[[tl:Indonesia]]
[[ta:இந்தோனேசியா]]
[[te:ఇండోనేసియా]]
[[tet:Indonézia]]
[[th:สาธารณรัฐอินโดนีเซีย]]
[[vi:Indonesia]]
[[tg:Индонезия]]
[[tr:Endonezya]]
[[uk:Індонезія]]
[[zh:印度尼西亚]]
INDONEZIÝA
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[[INDONEZIÝA]] sahypasy [[Indoneziýa]] sahypasyna göçürildi
#REDIRECT [[Indoneziýa]]
Indoneziýa dilleri
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'''INDONEZIÝA DILLERI'''-Filippinde, Taýwanda, Uly we Kiçi Zond, Molukka adalarynda , Malakka ýa. Adalarynda, Go. Wetnamyn käbir raýonlarynda we madagaşkar adalarynda ýashaýan halklaryň dilleri. Ol malaý-poliňežiýä diller mashgalasyna degishlidir. I. d=nyň ýeterlik öwrenilmandygy ony ylmy taýdan klassifikasiýalashdyrmagy kynlashdyrýar. Ilkinji Klassyfykasiýälärdä ony 8 topara (franşuş alymy G. Ferran), sonar 16 topara (golland alymy Ýa. Gonda) bölýärler. Has giň ýaýranlary: indoneziýa dili-Indoneziýanyn döwlet dili (Ýawa.a), şudan dili (Ýawa adalarynyň go-gb bölegi), tagal dili-Flippin Respublikasynyň döwlet dili, Malagasy dili-Madagaşkar adalaryndaky Malagasy Respublikasynyň döwlet dili. I.d öz tipologiýasy boýunça prefiksli we suffiksli dilleriň tipine girýär. Çekimli fonemalaryň ulanylyşhy, esasan, bir menzesh bolup, monoftonglaryn we diftonglaryn barlygy bilen häsiýetlidir. Çekimsiz fonemalaryň sostawynda aýry-aýry dillerde tapawutlar duýulýar. Sheýle-de ol dilleriň we diller toparlarynyň arasynda fonetik menzeshlikler bar. Söz bogunlary köplenç açyk bolýar, söz toparlary morfologiýa taýdan biri-birinden az tapawutlanýar. Hindi-Ýewropa dilleri üçin ishlenen düzgünler esasynda olary özärä bölmek mümkin däl. Fransuz alymlary P. Fawr, A.Mar de Maren, golland alymlary H.Tendelö, E.Ulenbek, sowet alymy A.S. Tesýolkin we bashgalar tarapyndan sözleri topara bölmegi dürli kriterleri hödür;endi.Sözlük sostawy etimölögiýa taýdan, esasan bir menzesh bolup, ol goshulmalar arkaly ýasalýan sözleriň, asyl sözleriň goshalanmagy goshma sözleriň, shonun ýaly-da Sanskrit, arap, golland, franşu, iňlis we b. dillerden girýän sözleriň hasabyna baýlaşhyp durýar. I. d-nyň hemmesi arap hatynyň esasynda düzülen elipbiýdeň peýdalaňýar. Shu dillerde köp sanly çeper edebiýat eserleri bar.
== Seret ==
* [[Indoneziýa]]
[[ar:لغة إندونيسية]]
[[bg:Индонезийски език]]
[[br:Bahasa Indonesia]]
[[ca:Indonesi]]
[[da:Indonesisk (sprog)]]
[[de:Bahasa Indonesia]]
[[es:Idioma indonesio]]
[[eo:Indonezia lingvo]]
[[fa:زبان اندونزیایی]]
[[fr:Indonésien]]
[[he:אינדונזית]]
[[hi:बहासा इण्डोनेशिया]]
[[ko:인도네시아어]]
[[id:Bahasa Indonesia]]
[[it:Lingua indonesiana]]
[[kw:Indonesek]]
[[ms:Bahasa Indonesia]]
[[nl:Indonesisch]]
[[no:Bahasa Indonesia]]
[[ja:インドネシア語]]
[[pl:Język indonezyjski]]
[[pt:Língua indonésia]]
[[ru:Индонезийский язык]]
[[simple:Bahasa Indonesia]]
[[uk:Індонезійська мова]]
[[fi:Indonesian kieli]]
[[tl:Wikang Indonesian]]
[[th:ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย]]
[[tr:Endonezyaca]]
[[zh:印尼语]]
Indoneziýa Kommunistik Partiýasy
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New page: INDONEZIÝA KOMMUNISTIK PARTIÝASY (IKP; Partai Komunis INDONESIA)-1920 ýýlyn 23 maýýnda esaslandyrylýar. 1920 ýýlda Kominterne girýär. Kominternin kömegi netijesinde partiýa ç...
INDONEZIÝA KOMMUNISTIK PARTIÝASY (IKP; Partai Komunis INDONESIA)-1920 ýýlyn 23 maýýnda esaslandyrylýar. 1920 ýýlda Kominterne girýär. Kominternin kömegi netijesinde partiýa çepli gysharmanyn ýol beren ýalnyshlyklaryndan kem-kemden saplanyp, marksistik-leniňçilik teoriýany rewolişiýöň strategiýany we taktikany ozleshdirip bashlaýar. [[Indoneziýa]] halkynyň milli-azatlyk göreşhiňde OKP-nyň roly güýçlenýär. IKP 1926-27 ýýllarda halkyň golland kolonizatorlaryna garshy eden gozgalanyna ýolbashçylyk edýär. Gozgalanyň ýeňilmegi bilen IKP-e hem uly zarba we ol gadagan edilýär. 1935 ýýlda IKP-nyň ýolbashçylaryndan biri bolan M. Mussonyn inisiatiwasy boýunça Ýawa adalarynda gizlin kommunistik gurama döredilýär. Bu gurama IKP-ni täzeden dikeltmegiň özeni bolýar. Ýaponiýa okkupasyýasy döwründe (1942-45) IKP gizlinlikde hereket edip, milli-azatlyk rewoluşyýasyna (1945 ýýlyn awgusty) ishennir gatnashýar we ýurtda täsirli sýýasy güýje öwrülýär. Indoneziýanyn garashsyz respublikasy diýlip yglan edilmegi bilen IKP-nyň wekilleri ýurdyň ähli ýolbashçy organlaryna girýärler. MK-nyň Sýýasy býurosynyň çleni A. Sharifuddin goranmak ministry (1945-47) we primiýer-minister (1947) bolýar. 1948 ýýlda bolan partiýa konferensiýasy Ishçiler we Sosialistik partiýalaryň KP bilen birleshmegi barada karar Kabul edýär. 1948 ýýlda Madiun shaherinin sebitiňde (Gd.Ýawa) bolan gan döküşhikli wakalar IKP-a uly zýýan ýetirýär. IKP-nyň ençeme görnükli ýolbashçylary, shol sanda Musso, Sharifuddan heläk bolýar. Emma eýýäm 1951 ýýla çenli IKP özüni tijemegi basharýar. D.I.aýdytyň bashtutanlygynda partiýanyn täze ýolbashçylary saýlaňýarlar. Partiýa ýene-de bashlaýar. IKP=in 5 gurultaýý (1954) köpçülikleýin partiýany we ýeke-tak milli fronty döretmek sýýasatyny öne sürýär. IKP 1955 ýýldaky parlament saýlawlarynda 6.mln, 1958 ýýlyn saýlawlarynda 8mln-dan gowrak ses alýar. 60-njy ýýllaryn ortalarynda IKP kapytalistik ýurtlarynyň in uly kompartiýasynyn öwrülýär. (shol wagt onuň çelenleriniň we çlenligine kandydatlarynyň sany 3,5mln-a ýetýärdi.) we ýurduň ençeme jemgyýetçilik guramalary IKP-nyň ýolbashçylarynda hereket edýär. Emma IKP-nyň ýolbashçylary maoizmin k9onsepsiýalarynyn täsirine dushup, özleriniň ozalky, marksistik-leniňçilik ýörelgelerinden dashlashyp bashalýar. Olar Indoneziýanynn prezdenti Sukarnonyn hakyndaky, ýagny prezdentin ýeke-tak diktaturasynyň güýçlenmegi barasyndaky konsepsiýanyn doly goldaýarlar, sheýle hem oolar partiýanyn sýýasatyny prezdentin hereketine we sýýasatyna uýgunlashdyrmaga çalyshýarlar IKP-nyň adatdan dashary 7 gurultaýý Sukarnonyn sýýasy programmasyny ( ) partiýanyn ikinji programmasy diýip jar edýär. Dashary sýýasat barada IKP-nyň ýolbashçylary Sukarnonyn -Pekin döretmek baradaky ideýasyny halklaryň azat edijilik göreşhiňde ýurtlarynyň aýratyn roly hakyndaky maoistik konsepsiýasy goldadylar we Aziýa-Afrika ýurtlarynyň üzňelikdäki üznüklikdäki guramalaryny döretmek taktikasynyň durmuşha geçirilmegine ýardam etdiler. 1964-65 ýýllarda Indoneziýanyn ykdysady ýagdaýýnyn ýaramazlashmagyndan köpçüligin nägileliginiň artmagynyň peýdalanylyp, içerki reaksiýa aýaga galyp bashlaýar. Munda esasy roll gury ýer goshunlarynyn komandowaniýesi oýnaýardy, sýýasy häkimýeti basyp almak üçin çepçi ofiserler dilduwsjik guraýarlar (1965), bu reaksiýon harby hereket 30-njy sentýabr diýen ady alýar. IKP-nyň ýolbashçylarynyn kiçijik topary bu hereketi goldamagy karar edýär. Emma bu barada partiýanyn MK-syna habar berilmeýär. 30-njy sentýabr koshk pitnesine öwrülip, ony halkyň giň köpçüligi goldamady, ýurtda gan döküşhikli terror ýaýbaňlaňdy. IKP-nyň we çepli jemgyýetçilik guramalarynyň ýüzlerçe mun çleni (aýdit, Lukman, Hoto, Sudisman, Hoho we b) heläk boldular. 1966 ýýlyn martyňda IKP gadagan edildi. Muňa garamazdan, çün podpolede ishleýän kommunistik toparlar IKP-ni Marksizm-leňinizm esasynda gaýtadan dikeltmek, maoçylardan arany açmak ugrunda çykysh edýärler. Podpolede, rewoluşyýanyn dogry ýola (1967), komunistik hereketiniň wajyp atly marksistik -leniňçilik dashary ýurtlarda partiýanyn marksistik-leniňçilik güýçlerini jebisleshdirmek hem-de IKP-nyň halklara komunistik hereketi bilen aragatnaşhygy dikeldip ösdürmek barada uly ish alyp barýar. IKP-nyň delegaşyýalary komunistik we ishçiler partiýalaryň Halkara Maslahalaryň dokumentlerini goldadylar.
== Edebiýat ==
* D.N.Kratkaýa istoriýa Kominiçişkiý partii Indoneziýa. M 1956
* Ýurýew A. Ýü. Indoneziýa posle sobytiý 1965 goda. M 1973
[[de:Kommunistische Partei Indonesiens]]
[[es:Partido Comunista de Indonesia]]
[[fr:Parti communiste indonésien]]
[[id:Partai Komunis Indonesia]]
[[nl:Communistische Partij van Indonesië]]
[[ja:インドネシア共産党]]
[[zh:印度尼西亚共产党]]
Indoneziýalylar
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New page: '''INDONEZIÝALYLAR''' (orang-orang Indonesia) [[Indoneziýa]] Respublikasynda ýashaýanlaryn özine berýän ady. Ýurduň ylatynyň 96% malaý-polinez diller mashgalasyna we go. Mongolo...
'''INDONEZIÝALYLAR''' (orang-orang Indonesia) [[Indoneziýa]] Respublikasynda ýashaýanlaryn özine berýän ady. Ýurduň ylatynyň 96% malaý-polinez diller mashgalasyna we go. Mongoloid toparyna degishli indoneziýa dillerinde gepleýän I-dan ybaratdyr. Lingwistler, sheýle hem etnograflar kahalatlarda indoneziýa shahasyna degishli dilde gepleýän ähli halklar, shol sanda olaryň Indoneziýadan dasharda ýashaýanlaryna hem I. diýip atlandyrylýar. Indoneziýanyn graždanlygyndaky I-yn sany 124,9 mln adam (1971). Ýurduň halklarynyň umumy sany 150-deň gowrak, dilleriniň we dialektleriň sany 1000-deň hem geçýär. Ýurduň ylatynyň 90%-I 13 sany uly halkdan (her haýsy 1 mln gowrak) durýar. I-nyň köpüsi (85 % golaýý) yslam dinine 2%-e golaýý induizm dürli gornushlerine, 4%-I hristian dinine, 3%-I buddizme we konfusiançylygy (hytaýlar) lar. I-yn emele gelmeginde hususan go. Mongoloid jynsa, melänez we weddoid antropologik tipe degishli ekwatorial (negr-awstraloid) jynsa hem-de belli ir derejede ýewropiedlere degishli birnäçe etnik komponentler gatnashýar. Go. Mongoloidler b,e,on 3-2 munýýllyklaryn sepgidiňdeň bashlap, Aziýa materiginiň go-gd raýonlaryndan tapgyr-tapgyr bolup gelýärler. Içerki we dasharky migraşyýanyn we etnik jynslaryň biri-biri bilen özärä gatnaşhyklaryň dowam etmegi netijesinde Indoneziýanyn häzirki zaman etnik ozbolushlygy emele gelýär. Ýurduň dürli halklary sosiýal-ykdysady we medeni ösüşhiň dürli derejesinde durýarlar. Indoneziýada ýashaýan köp halklarda obshina-urug gatnaşhyklaryň galyňdylary örän güýçli, papuaslarda, kuwu äkitlerde we b-da bolsa ilkidurmush obshina jemgyýetiniň alamatlary saklanyp gelýär. Häzirki wagtda Indoneziýada ýashaýan ownuk halklaryň ýakynlashmak prosesi bolup geçýär. Aragatnaşhyk we döwlet dili diýip indooneziýa dili (gelip çykyşhy boýunça malaý dili) hasaplanýar. I-nyň taryhy, ykdysadýýeti we medenýeti barada Indoneziýa (seret) diýen mäkälädä giň maglumat berilýär.
Template:Arassalamaly
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<br>''Bu makalany arassa türkmen elipbiýinde ýazmaly we harp ýalňyşlyklary düzeltmeli.''<br>
Indol
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New page: '''INDOL.''' (2,3 benzopirrol)-ýakymsyz ysly, reksiz kristallar, ''SHU ÝERDE SURAT BOLMALY GAÝRAT EDIP BASHGA ENSIKLOPEDIÝALARDAN GÖZLÄP TAPSAŇYZ AÝDYŇ!''
Er t 52gradus. I gyzgyn ...
'''INDOL.''' (2,3 benzopirrol)-ýakymsyz ysly, reksiz kristallar, ''SHU ÝERDE SURAT BOLMALY GAÝRAT EDIP BASHGA ENSIKLOPEDIÝALARDAN GÖZLÄP TAPSAŇYZ AÝDYŇ!''
Er t 52gradus. I gyzgyn suwda we orgaňyky eredijilerde ereýär. I. dash kömür smolasynyň düzümiňde bolýar, ondan I-y ahgar metallarynyň duzlary görnüşhiňde. I. käbir efir ýaglarynyň (meş. Jasmine ýagynyň) düzümiňde bolýar. Ol şkatol (3-metilindöl) bien adamyň we suýtemijilerin içegelerinde hem tapyldy. I-in köp önümleri biýologik taýdan aktiwlik hasýetine eýedir. Meş. 3-indolylukşyş kislotasy (geteroauksin A- ösdüriji madda), serotonin, rezerin we b. I. geteroauksini, triptofany sintezläp almak üçin bashlangyç çig önüm bolup hyzmat edýär. Ol parfýumeriýa senagatynda hem ulanylýar (gül essensiýalaryn ysyny gowlandyrýar we güýçlendirýär)
{{Surat gerek}}
{{Arassalamaly}}
Template:Surat gerek
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New page: ''Bu makala surat gerek.''
<br>
''Bu makala surat gerek.''
<br>
Indoksil
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New page: '''INDOKSIL'''-indolyň toparyna degishli, kristallary açyk-sary reňkli , ýaramaz ysly madda; er T85 gradus I. iki sany tautomer formada bolup bilýär. Mölekulýar massasy 133,14 SHU ...
'''INDOKSIL'''-indolyň toparyna degishli, kristallary açyk-sary reňkli , ýaramaz ysly madda; er T85 gradus I. iki sany tautomer formada bolup bilýär. Mölekulýar massasy 133,14 SHU ÝERDE SURAT BOLMALY GAÝRAT EDIP BASHGA ENSIKLOPEDIÝALARDAN GÖZLÄP TAPSAŇYZ AÝDYŇ! I. adamyň we haýwanyň peshewinde 3indoksilkukurt kislotasynyň kaliý duzy (peshewin indikany) görnüşhiňde, käbir tropiki ösümlikleriň shiresinde indikanyň glikozidi görnüşhiňde saklaňýar. Bulary gidrolyzlap I alyňýar. I-e azotly kislota täsir etdirilende , 2 yzatyňokşym alyňýar. I. howanyň kislorody we b. oksidlendirijiler bilen oksidlenende, gök nil-indigö emele getirýär, gaýtarylanda bolsa indol berýär.
{{Arassalamaly}}
{{Surat gerek}}
Indigo
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New page: '''INDIGO''' (isp indigö, lat, indiçüm, gr indiköş-hindilerinki)-goý-gök kristallik madda, er, t-sy 390-392 gradus (kem-keşleýin dargamak bilen) , suwda sprirtde eremeýär, beýl...
'''INDIGO''' (isp indigö, lat, indiçüm, gr indiköş-hindilerinki)-goý-gök kristallik madda, er, t-sy 390-392 gradus (kem-keşleýin dargamak bilen) , suwda sprirtde eremeýär, beýleki orgaňyky eredijilerde gowshak ereýär. I. gadymy wagtlardan belli boýag bolup ol Hindistandan Gresiýa getirilýär. Ony I saklaýa ösümlikleriň Indigofers tinçtoria görnüşhiňdeň alypdyrlar. I=nyň esasy alnysh usuly: ol aňylynyň hlor-uksus kislotasy bilen täsir edilmeginde fenelgsin alyňýar, ol bolsa ashgar bilen ishlenilýär; shunda emele gelen indoksil howanyň kislorody bilen I-ny oksidleýarler.I=in reskinin tiz solýanlygy sebäpli ol has durnukly kub boýaglary bilen çalshyrylýar we SHU ÝERDE SURAT BOLMALY GAÝRAT EDIP BASHGA ENSIKLOPEDIÝALARDAN GÖZLÄP TAPSAŇYZ AÝDYŇ! Pagta suýumini ýüni gök reňkde boýamaklykda giňden ulanylypdyr. I-in 19 asyrda Beýer tarapyndan açylmagy, onuň gurluşhynyň we sintezlemek metodynyň öwrenilmegi indigoid boýaglarynyň öndürilişhini indigoid boýaglarynyň öndürilişhini indigoid boýaglarynyň öndürilişhini ösdürmäge itergi berdi
{{Arassalamaly}}
{{Surat gerek}}
Indigirka
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New page: '''INDIGIRKA''' Ýak. ASSR0nda ýerleshýan derýa. Uzynlygy 1726 km, basseýninin meýdany 360 mun km kwadrat. I. Hastah we Taryn-Ýurýah derýalarynyň birleshmesinden emele gelip, Gd S...
'''INDIGIRKA''' Ýak. ASSR0nda ýerleshýan derýa. Uzynlygy 1726 km, basseýninin meýdany 360 mun km kwadrat. I. Hastah we Taryn-Ýurýah derýalarynyň birleshmesinden emele gelip, Gd Sibir deňzine guýýar. Hastah we Taryn-Ýurýah derýalary goshulandan soň I. Oýmýakon daglarynyň has peselýäň bölegöndeň dg-gb tarapa akýar. Sonar dg-a öwrülip, Çerskiý gershinin ençeme dag ulgamlaryny kesip geçýär. I. çün dereleriň içinden akyp, köp sanly boşagalary emele getirýär. Ýana-Indigirkä pesliginde onuň hanasy giňelýär. Esasy goshantlary: Çepden Kýunte, Kuýdudun, elgi, Seleninýah, Uýandyna; sagdan Nera, Moma, Badýariha, Esasan, ýagysh we gar suwlaryndan suwlanýar. Oktýabrda doňup maýýn ahyrynda-iýunyň bashlarynda dony çözülýär. Tomsuna joshýa, gyshyna ujypsyz akýar. Üst-Neranyň ýanynda suwuň ortaça sarp edilişhi 428 m3/sek, Woronsowyn ýanynda 1570 m3/sek I/ balyga (rýapushka, çirmiksun, nelma, omul, syg) baýdyr. Moma derýasynyň guýýan ýerinden bashlap gamy gatnawlydyr (1086 km). Esasy gamy guralgalary , Drushina, Çokurdah, Tabor, I-nyň basseýinden altyn alyňýar.
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New page: '''INDIWIDUALLYK''' (lat. Indiwiduum-bölünmeýän)-haýsy hem bolsa bir hadysanyň , jandaryň ýa-da adamyň gaýtalaňmaýan ozbolushlygy. I. ideýasy antiki filosofiýada ýüze çyk...
'''INDIWIDUALLYK''' (lat. Indiwiduum-bölünmeýän)-haýsy hem bolsa bir hadysanyň , jandaryň ýa-da adamyň gaýtalaňmaýan ozbolushlygy. I. ideýasy antiki filosofiýada ýüze çykýar. Orta asyr sholastikasynda I. diňe adamyň shahsýýet bilen çäklendirilýärdi. Häzirki wagtda aýry-aýry ylymlarda we filasofiýada I. dushunjesi dürli maňa eýe boldy. Biýalogiýa ylmynda (fiziologiýa, zoologiýa, etologiýa, geňetika) I. her jynsyn, organizmiň spesifik aýratyňlyklaryny häsiýetlendirilýär. Pişihölögiýada I. problemasy özaly bilen aýratyn bir adamyň öý-pikirini duýgusynyň, erkinliginiň, ymtylmasynyň, arzuw-hýýalynyn, talabynyň, motywynyň, hereketiniň, endiginiň, meýilliliginiň, basharnygynyn we b. aýratyňlyklarynyň ozbolushlylygy, köp dürlililigi bilen dushundirilýar. Sosiýal psihologiýada I. kollektiwlilige garshy goýulýar. I-a adamyň ozbolushlylygynyn we bitewiligini kesgitleýji esasy struktura hökmünde garalýar. I adamyň gatnaşhyk situasiýalarynda özüni alyp barshynda sheýle hem ish hereketlerinde onuň endik eden ukyplarynda ýüze çykýar.
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New page: '''INDIWIDUALIZM''' (lat.indiwiduum-bölünmeýän)-burjuaz ideologiýasyna we morolyna mahsus bolan ahlak prinşipi. I-in teoritiki esasy jemgyýetde shassýýetin absolýut hukugyna, abs...
'''INDIWIDUALIZM''' (lat.indiwiduum-bölünmeýän)-burjuaz ideologiýasyna we morolyna mahsus bolan ahlak prinşipi. I-in teoritiki esasy jemgyýetde shassýýetin absolýut hukugyna, absolýut ozbashdaklygyna ykrar etmekden ybaratdyr. Agalyk ediji synplaryn ideologialary I-I adamyň tebigatda guýlan, üýtgemeýän hadysa hasaplanylýar. Hakykatda bolsa I. prinşipi sosiiýal esasy hususy eýeçilige daýanýar we ol shahsýýetin b. adamlaryň, kollektiwe, jemgyýete garshy goýulmagyny, jemgyýetçilik bähbidiniň hususy bähbide boýun egdirilmegini aňladýan sosiýal hadysadyr. Burjuaz teoritikleriň I-I teoriýa taýdan has doly esaslandyryjylardyr. I. konsepsiýasy burjuaz gatnaşhyklarynyň ýany doräýen döwründe feodalizm we kätälögiki buthananyň hasrat zynjyryndan shahsýýtin halas bolmagy ugrundaky göreşhe belli bir derejede peýdaly rol oýnan hem bolsa, burjuaziýasynyn agalyk ediji synpa öwrülmegi bilen, ol kapytalistik ekspulatisiýa makullaýan idiýalogiýa bolup hyzmat edýär, 19 asyr nemes idealist filasoflary Shtirnerin we Nisshanin ishlerinde I. egoism jynsparazlygyn, shohratparazlygyn in ýokary derejesine ýetilýär. Hemde fashizmin ideýa ýaragyna öwrülýär. Antagonistik synplaryn ýok edilen we shahsy hem-de jemgyýetçilik bähbitleriň utgaşhan ýeri bolan sosialistik jemgyýetde I. kollektiwizm prinşipi bilen çalshyrylýar. Sosiýalistik jemgyýet I-in galyňdylaryny zahmetkeshlerin bähbidini göräýär. Ony kollektiwwizm ruhuňda terbiýeleýärler we onuň hemmetaraplaýýn ösmegi kapilleshmegi üçin ähli shertleri döredýär. Sowet adamlary bir adam üçin, bir adam hemmeler diýen shygar astynda ýashaýarlar we ishleýärler.
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Induizm
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[[INDUIZM]] sahypasy [[Induizm]] sahypasyna göçürildi
'''INDUIZM''' (sanskr, hindumata, hindusamaýa) - has giň ýaýran dilleriniň biri. I-in esasynda halkyň dini dushunjesinin we däp-dessurynyň real gündelik praktikasy ýatyp, ol ýerli etnik, milli we sosiýal shertlere baglylykda özünini köp dürliligi bilen tapawutlanýar. Munuň özi her hili doga okamakdan, dürli däp-dessurlary we dini düzgünleri berjaý etmekden ybaratdyr. Kasta induistlerin (bashgaça ) sosiýal guramasynyň formasy bolup hyzmat edýär. Induslaryň kultunyň we dini ynmanynyn aýratyňlygy köp halatlarda olaryň ol ýa beýleki kasta degişlidigine bagly bolupdyr. Emma adam öleňden soň, janyň başga sekile geçmegi (sansara) hakyndaky taglymat ähli induslar üçin umumydyr. Ol taglymat boýunça adam öleňden soň, onuň jany başga bir ösümlik gabagfynda, haýwan ýa-da adam bedenine gyryp, shonda ýashaýarmysh. Induslaryň düşünsine görä, her bir adamyň öz etmişinde baglylykda onuň jany oňat ýa-da erbet sekile öwrülýärmiş. Şoňa göräde öleňden soň, başga sekile öwrülmek zynjyryndan halas bolamgy gazanmak-moksa in ýokary dini maksat hasaplanýar. I-nyň dürli dini-filasofik taglymatlarynyň esasy mazmuny moksalygy gazanmagyn ýollarynyň we mümkinçilikleriniň işläp düzmekden hemde esaslandyrmak ybaratdr. Dini filasofiýada uçhudaýlyk ideýasy öne surulýar. Abstraçt häsiýete eýe bolan Brahman hem-de iki sany baş hudaý Wisnu we Siwa. Bularyň birinjisi Älemi dörediji, ikinjisi ony goraýjy, üçinjisi ony rujy hökmünde çykyş edýär.
Wedler (gimnler, brahmanlar, aranýaklar, upanisadlar), eposy, aýratyn onuň , diýen bölümleri ähli induslar üçin keramatly edebiýat hasaplanýar. I-in irki orta aşyrlarda esaslandyrylan dini garaýýs we praktiki komlekisnde soňky döwürlerde şeýle hem bir düýpli. Özgeriş bolmady, ýöne her dürli sektantçylyk hereketleri, eserler, taglymatlar döräp durýar. Olardan has görnüklisi bhaty hereketidir (12-17 aşyrlar) 16 asyrda bhaktinin bir akymynyň esasynda sikhizm döreýär.
Hindistanda milli-azat edijilik hereketiniň dörän we ýaýbaňlanan döwri bolan 19-20 aşyrlarda şol hereketiň agalyk ediji ideologiýasynyň hasaplanan burjuaz milletçiligi I-in tazedden döreýiş we reformaşyýa formalaryny (Indus renessans,. neoinduizm) Kabul edýär. Köp sanly dini reformatorçylyk jemgyýetler we guramalar, jemgyýetçilik ishgarleri, ideologlar, akyldarlar (Rammohon Raý, Ramakrishna, S Wiwekananda, D SaraswatiR. Tagor.M K.Gandy we bashgalar) neoninduizm wekilleri bolup çykysh etdiler. Häzirki wagtda garashsyz Hindistanyň sosiýal durmuşhyňda entek geçmişhiňiň galyňdylary , dini obshina onushyzyzlyklary sanlansa-da, I-in sosiýal bahasy barha daralyp bashlaýar.
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Induktiw logika
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[[INDUKTIW LOGIKA]] sahypasy [[Induktiw logika]] sahypasyna göçürildi
'''INDUKTIW LOGIKA''' - logikanyň bölümi ol bölekleýin netijelerden umumy netijeleri çykarmagyn logiki proseslerinden öwrenýär. Adaty logikanyň wekilleri, mysal üçin, Mill ýekeleýin, empiriki bilimlerden umumy teoritiki bilimleri almaklygyn prosesleriň aňalyz etmek, öwrenmek I. l-nyň wezipesidir diýip tassyklaýar. Logikanyň taryhynda I. l-nyň predmeti 19 asyrda iňlis logikaçasy uewell tarapyndan esaslandyrylan gipotetik-deduktiw metodynyň möçberinde ylmy tassyklamalary barlamaklygyn logiki kriterlerini analizlemek bilen çäklendirýän bashga garaýýs hem bolupdyr. Şoňabaka bu garaýýs häzirki zaman logiki ylmynda özüniň bir näçe tarapdarlaryny tapýar. Emma şeýle-de bolsa bu konsepsiýa I. ll-nyň meselelerini doly we gutarnykly öz içine alyp bilmeýär. Çünki ol ylmy bilimleri almaklygyn proseslerini logikanyň metodlary esasynda analizlemekden, ýagny olary induwidual anyn aýratyňlyklaryna bagly bolmazdan, akyl ýetiriş prosesleriniň obýektiw mazmuny bilen kesgitlenýän jemgyýetçilik zerurlygy hökmünde analizlemekden dashlasýar. I.l-nyň taryhy problemätikasy umuman teoritiki we empiriki bilimleriň arasyndaky gatnaşhyklary öwrenmegiň has giň gneşölögik problemasy bilen, gönüden-göni gözegçilik etmeklige we ekspirmente esaslanýan ylymlaryň logikasynyň hem-de metodologiýasynyň meseleleri bilen ýakyndan baglanşyhýar. Häzirki zaman I.l özüniň çäklerini barha giňeldýär. Indio l diňe bir bölekleýin netijelerden umumy netijeleri çykarmaklygy öwrenmän, eýsem barlanylýan bilimiň hakykatlylygyny hakykylygyny bize belli bolan bilimleriň esasynda dogry anyklap bolmadyk wagtda, diňe soňky alnan bilimleriň ilkinji bilimi tassyk edýäňligini ýa-da etmeýäňliligini kesgitlemek mümkin bolan wagtda ýüze çykýan ähli logiki gatnaşhyklary hem öwrenýär. Shonun üçin-de häzirki zaman I. l=synyň esasy dushunjelerinden biri hem empiriki bilimleriň bar wagtynda ymy çaklamalaryň ähtimallygy hökmünde ündeňilýäň subut etmekligin derejesi hakyndaky dushunjedir. Bu bolsa häzirki zaman I.l-synyň ähtimallyk teoriýasynyň logikasyna öwrülýändigini görkezýär.
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Induktiwlik
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[[INDUKTIWLIK]] sahypasy [[Induktiwlik]] sahypasyna göçürildi
'''INDUKTIWLIK''' (lat. Indiçtio-gönükdirme, inetleme) - elektrik zynjyrýýn magnit häsiýetlerini aňladýan fiziki ululyk. Geçiriji konturda akýan tok töwerekdäki giňişlikde magnit meýdanyny döredýär, şonda konturyn içinden geçýän magnit akymy (F) togun güýjüne (I) göni proporsionlardyr: F=LI Proporsionallyk koeffisientine (L) I. ýa-da konturyn samoinduksiýa koeffisienti diýilýär. I. konturyn ölçeglerine we formasyna, sheýle hem onuň ýerleşen seredasynyň magnit syzyjylygyna baglydyr. Birlikleriň halkara sistamasynda (seret) I-in birligine genri (gn) diýilýär. SGS birlikler sistemasynda (seret) I-in uzynlyk ölçegi bar, shonun üçin hem bu sistemada I-in birligine sm diýilýär döreýän somoinduksiýanyn ehg-I (E) I-in üsti bilen anladylýar:
<img src="http://img246.imageshack.us/img246/5398/drobjg8.jpg">
(-togun wagtyn dowamynda üýtgemegi). Togun berlen güýjünden I. togun magnit meýdanynyň energiýasyny (w) kesgitleýär:
<img src="http://img142.imageshack.us/img142/8398/drob2xq4.jpg">
I.näçe köp bolanda, tokly konturyn toweregindki ginishlikde jemlenýän magnit energiýasy hem shonça köpdür. Eger elektriki we mehaňyky hadysalaryň arasynda menzeshlik bar bolsa, onda magnit energiýasy kinetiç energiýasy:
<img src="http://img143.imageshack.us/img143/7769/drob3ln9.jpg">
Bilen deneshdirilmelidir (bu ýerde m=jisimiň massasy, W=onuň hereketiniň tizligi) . Diýmek I. massasynyň roluny tok bolsa tizliginiň roluny oýnaýar. Netijede I. togun inersiýa häsiýetlerini kesgitleýär.
[[Category:Fizika]]
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Induktiwlik tegegi
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'''INDUKTIWLIK TEGEGI''' - görnüşhiňde saralan, izolirlenen. Bu geçiriji az sygymda we az aktiw garşylykda ep-esli induktiwlige eýedir. i.t. köplenç bir gat izolirlenen şimden ybarat bolýar. Ol sim sylyndyryk, toroid ýa-da gonyburçly formadaky dielektrikden edilen karkasa bolýar. (sürätä seret). Induktiwliligi köpeltmek üçin ferromagnit materýallardan (elektrotehnika polatdaň, permlloýdan, karbonil demirden, ferritlerden) ýaşalan serdeçniklerde peýdalanylýar.
[[Category:Fizika]] [[Category:Gurallar]]
INDUKTIWLIK TEGEGI
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Induksion tizlendiriji
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'''INDUKSION TIZLENDIRIJI''' - seret; zarýadly bölejikleri tizlendirijiler.
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Induksiýa
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[[INDUKSIÝA]] sahypasy [[Induksiýa]] sahypasyna göçürildi
'''INDUKSIÝA''' (lat. Induçtion-gönükdirme) - logiki piker ýöretmäniň bir görnüşhi. Akyl ýetirmegiň bölekleýin zatdan umumy zada., faktlardan teoritiki netijelere tarap hereketi bolup, köp sanly obýektleri öwrenmekde toplanan informaşyýany birnäçe täze obýektlere ýaýratmagyn ýoluny aňladýan I. gadymy hytaý we grek filosofiýasynda, Aryştotelin eseinde düş geliňýär. Ylmyn ösmegi ençeme faktlary jemlesdirýar, umumy kanunlaryň üstüni açýar we I. köp alymlarýýn ünsüni ozone çekýär. F. Bekon täze dushunjani emele getirmegiň ýoly hökmünde tejribany we I-ny öne sürýär. Soňra I. teoriýasyny anglýaly alymmlar J.Gersel, J.Ç Mill we b. ösdüripdirler. Russiýada I. teoriýasyny islänleriň hataryna Karinskiý we Rutkowiskiý girýär. Emmaa marksizmdeň öňki filasofiýada I. barasynda yzygiderli taglymat bolmaňdyr. Käbir ugur ylmy barlaglarda diňe I-ny ykrar etse, bashga biri oňa kembaha garap, deduksiýany (seret) Idealizasiýalashdyrypdyr.
Marksistik filasofiýa I=ny we deduksiýany özärä baglanyşdyrýar we olary umumy ylma metodlarynyň biri hasaplaýar. Aýratynda, ylmy metodlaryň biri hasaplaýar. Aýratyn-da, ylmy çaklamalaryň ýüze çykmagynda, ylmy pastutlary formulirlemekde hem-de kanunlary açmakda I-nyň uly ähmiýeti bar. I. ekspirment geçirmek bilen bagly bolan ähli ylymlaryň şyňalaň usulynyň biridir. Ylaýta-da I-nyň esasy aýratyňlygy onuň bar bolan aýry pursatlaryda öz içine alyp, ähtibarly umumylashdyrylan bermeginden ybaratdyr. Ýöne sheýle ýagdaý mukdary çakdanaşa köp bolmadyk obýektlerde degishlidir. Durmushda hemishe ähli obýektleri gözden geçirmek mümkin däl. Shona görä I. doly bolmanm onuň berýän netijeşem problematyç häsiýetiňde galýar. I. ähtimallyk bilen ýakyndan baglydyr. Häzirki zaman i. teoriýasynyň esasy bolup hyzmat edýän ähtimallyk logikasy döredi (seret: Deduksiýa, Akylýetirish teoriýasy)
Edbiýat: Pýatnisin B.N, Subbotin A.L sobrasheniýa o postroýeniýa induktiwnoý logiki , 1969 N2.
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Seýitnazar Seýdi
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New page: Seyitnazar Seydi-Turkmen Serkerde Sahyry.1775-nji yylda Lebap welayatynyn Lamma obasynda eneden bolyar.
Seyitnazar Seydi-Turkmen Serkerde Sahyry.1775-nji yylda Lebap welayatynyn Lamma obasynda eneden bolyar.
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