Wikibooks enwikibooks https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.28 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikibooks Wikibooks talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Cookbook Cookbook talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Wikijunior Wikijunior talk Subject Subject talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Wikibooks:Requests for deletion 4 385 4442347 4442227 2024-10-24T12:18:38Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Austrian German */ new section 4442347 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{Requests for deletion/Archives}} {{Requests for deletion/Using Template:Icon}} {{clear}} = Undeletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} ==[[City Of Heroes]]== {{closed|Was undeleted —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} A book that was deleted when strategy guides were not allowed. See discussion -<span style="background:yellow;>User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 <span style="color:blue span> 17:13, 12 November 2022 (UTC)</span></span> :This book was deleted about 16 years ago and only one page had a significant amount of content. It could all be undeleted but would probably be better re-made from scratch.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 01:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC) ::'''Undeleted it''' with many first-level subpages. Yet [[City Of Heroes/Archetypes]], [[City Of Heroes/Powers]], [[City Of Heroes/General Help]], [[City Of Heroes/Enhancements]], [[City Of Heroes/Binds]] and [[City Of Heroes/Badges]] have even more subpages to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC) :::'''Undeleted''' many subpages of the above subpages, less obviously useless versions. Yet any administrators are hereby advised to check [[Special:Undelete]] for more to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 21:52, 21 August 2023 (UTC) :Remaking this content from scratch might be difficult - the game shut down in 2012. There's a small community of users running private servers based on leaked source code (!), but far fewer than when the game was active. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 26 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Mass undeletion of books that were deleted when strategy guides were not allowed.]]== {{closed|Not done —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Couldn't we just mass undelete these books? [[User:Garfieldcat1978|Garfieldcat1978]] ([[User talk:Garfieldcat1978|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Garfieldcat1978|contribs]]) 18:25, 20 February 2023 (UTC) Letting bot archive as needed. :Listing which works would be much better.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:51, 19 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} ==Requesting for undeletion of the page "Jumarkese"== {{closed|Not restored —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Hi, I just want to ask the administrators to restore my deleted page, "Jumarkese". I am begging you, I hope you will forgive me. Actually, I just noticed today that you deleted my page. I don't know your reasons why you did that. But I hope you can grant my request to restore my deleted page "Jumarkese" as soon as possible. Thank you. [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 16:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]]. You can see the reasoning under the corresponding section below. It consisted of original research, which is out of scope at Wikibooks, and this type of decision is precedented. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:54, 17 April 2024 (UTC) ::What do you mean by original research? [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 06:12, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :See [[Wikibooks:Original research]]. Neither Wikibooks nor Wikipedia allow original research.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 07:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} = Deletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} {{clear}} <!-- New nominations go at the bottom of page --> == [[The Computer Revolution/Computers and Environment/Nanotechnology]] == {{closed|1=Consensus to delete. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:58, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} Consists of excerpts from third parties. Those from ''New Scientist'', do not appear to be under a compatible licence. {{Unsigned|Mbrickn|07:33, 10 January 2023‎}} :I'm not sure it's enough of a violation for deletion? Based on a [https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikibooks&title=The+Computer+Revolution%2FComputers+and+Environment%2FNanotechnology&oldid=&action=search&use_engine=1&use_links=1&turnitin=0 copyvio comparison], the text seems mostly paraphrased. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:44, 10 January 2023 (UTC) :{{vd}} The content of this page is ''entirely'' quotes and summaries of articles. The opening is a copy-paste quote of the linked Rice University page, the "examples of nanomaterials" are taken from [[doi:10.1021/es0506509]] (or, more likely, from another article summarizing it), and the two paragraphs following that are inaccurate summaries of the (already pop-science) ''New Scientist'' articles cited. There's no original content here whatsoever, and I'm not even sure how any of this is related to the overall topic of "the computer revolution" - these articles are about chemistry, not computing. :This entire book is in pretty bad shape, frankly. Everything about it has the look of a class project where each student picked (or was assigned) a topic to write about individually, and their work was combined into a book. The results lack both coherence and quality, and I'm having a hard time seeing how this could ever be fixed short of throwing it all out and starting over. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:08, 14 August 2024 (UTC) ::After taking another look at the page, I now agree that it at least should be deleted. The content is not useful or coherent, and has issues as described above. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:19, 14 August 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Dynamical Systems]] == This seems to be abandoned book, the only content is largly vacuous. I don't believe it is likely to be extended or worked on because it is both a technical topic, and represents to original author's goals for such a book (graduate level vs undergraduate). [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 20:46, 23 February 2023 (UTC) :It does seem abandoned; the single existing page hasn't been updated since 2018 and the main book page hasn't been updated since 2019. Unless someone quickly decides to pick up on it, I can't really see it staying here at Wikibooks :/ —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ::Hello there, ::currently I'm working over at the German page, because I have begun to work with a new, more intuitive terminology. My current plan is to first finish the German version and then possibly to translate it. To finish the German version will take at least until the end of this year. Until then, you shouldn't expect any progress. Afterwards, I may feel inclined to pick up the project, depending on my human rights situation. --[[User:Mathmensch|Mathmensch]] ([[User talk:Mathmensch|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mathmensch|contribs]]) 09:26, 8 April 2023 (UTC) == Files from [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)]] == Used for decorative, not educational, purposes: [[:File:Float 13.jpg]], [[:File:Grabbed Frame 15.jpg]], [[:File:Gandof.jpg]], [[:File:Ohalland.jpg]], [[:File:Braskascan1.jpg]], [[:File:Tidus FFX.png]] ([[WB:NFCC]]#8). — Ирука<sup>[[user:Iruka13|13]]</sup> 13:54, 17 July 2023 (UTC) :Sure, I think I can agree on the removal of these [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:24, 22 July 2023 (UTC) == [[Radium SmartChain]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:48, 23 July 2024 (UTC)}} including the closely related books: * [[XRADON Supernet]] * [[Radium Core]] These books are a borderline advertisement for a cryptocurrency project. Moreover, the project has changed substantially since the books were written in 2016-2017 - it's now called "Validity", and most, if not all, of the information in these books is no longer accurate. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 06:39, 21 October 2023 (UTC) :{{comment}} I'm not sure it's blatant enough to be considered advertising? Since it technically is a how-to? But, if it is out of date, that could warrant deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Hence "borderline". Some of the subpages like [[Radium Core/Use Cases/Proof of Author]] have more of a promotional air to them. But yes, the instructional content is all badly out of date; there are edits [[Special:Diff/3554520|as far back as 2019]] from users trying to mark the books as being outdated, and it's only gotten worse since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:16, 24 October 2023 (UTC) :{{del}} If it wasn't outdated, I would vote keep, but... [[User:ForTheGrammar|ForTheGrammar]] ([[User talk:ForTheGrammar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ForTheGrammar|contribs]]) 01:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Various pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == The following pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] seem out of scope because they consist entirely of personal promotion/advertisement for the author's photography: * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians II]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Lights of Moscow]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Ethiopia through the eyes of traveler]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/On the roads of India]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/14 days in Mongolia]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Uganda: tribes and civilization]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Tribes of Kenya]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:13, 25 February 2024 (UTC) :Frankly, the entire book appears to be a vehicle for the author to promote his own photography. The few sentences of instructional content on pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in macro photography]] are practically useless; that one amounts to "to take macro photos, set your camera to macro mode and hold it close to the subject, or read another book for more information". Other pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Interior photography in hobo tours]] or [[Basics of fine-art photography/Taking pictures of homeless people]] provide essentially no information on photography technique at all, and seem to mostly be intended as jumping-off points to showcase more of the author's photos. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:40, 11 March 2024 (UTC) == [[History of Grand-Popo]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:11, 22 September 2024 (UTC)}} Suited for enWP not WB, appears to be a simple import with no likely development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:28, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Lists and links are not a textbook. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:01, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} This book is essentially a compilation of lists and links—I don't think it's actually in-scope here as a book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Selected Essays]] == {{closed|1=Deleted}} Seems completely out of WB scope; it's just a collection of unrelated personal essays. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:52, 1 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} Agreed, personal essays and not ones that can easily be used, at that. [[User:Icandostuff|<span style="color:Red">I</span> <span style="color:Yellow">can</span> <span style="color:Lime">do</span> <span style="color:#00ffff">stuff</span><span style="color:Blue">!</span> ]] ([[User talk:Icandostuff|talk]]) 12:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Remembering the Templars]] == Seems to be pretty much an encyclopedic article about the Knights Templar, which makes it out of scope; enormous amount of links to enWP and may even just be an import. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Half-Life Computation]] == Doesn't seem in-scope as a book—just seems like a single page on how to do a specific calculation. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[God and Religious Toleration]] == This book was [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/God and Religious Toleration|previously nominated for deletion in 2011]], but kept largely because of its theoretical potential for improvement. It's now over a decade later, and no real improvement has been made. The book has the following issues: * A lack of clearly defined educational/instructional scope, structure, or aims overall * A lack of structure in each existing chapter * Significant NPOV and lack-of-evidence/citations I've gone through the book to try to improve it somewhat, but it largely feels like a disorganized dumping ground for a variety of abstract thoughts, many of which are heavily biased. At this point, given the amount of time it has had for improvement and the lack thereof, I don't think it has a place at Wikibooks. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC) :This book is very important in this day and age. Tolerance between religions is important for world peace. Without tolerance, chaos breaks out in the world. We should promote tolerance between religions. If the good guys keep quiet, the bad guys win. Is that what you want? A better way is to simply add a chapter of yours to the book and contribute your suggestions to world peace and the strengthening of love in the world. @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]] ([[User talk:Nobody60|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nobody60|contribs]]) 08:46, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Support deleting as per issues pointed out in nom. @[[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]], there are kilometers between deleting a bad, biased book and supporting religious intolerance or whatever it is you're accusing the nom of doing. Wikibooks is a project with a definite, reachable and concrete goal, which this book doesn't meet, never met and probably would never meet. --[[User:YuriNikolai|YuriNikolai]] ([[User talk:YuriNikolai|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/YuriNikolai|contribs]]) 02:10, 27 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 07:44, 27 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Not only is this material not presented from a neutral point of view, it's not even a mainstream religious POV. Much like [[Developing A Universal Religion]] (also up for deletion), the goal of this text appears to be to create and promote a new syncretic religious movement, complete with its own new beliefs and practices; this is very much outside the scope of Wikibooks. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:24, 3 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} as per [[WB:NOR]]: I am all for religious tolerance but all against religious acquiescence. [[User:Jeaucques Quœure|Jeaucques Quœure]] ([[User talk:Jeaucques Quœure|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jeaucques Quœure|contribs]]) 07:30, 26 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Kashubian Dictionary]] == [[WB:DICT|Out of scope]] here; material should be hosted at Wiktionary (I've [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Information desk/2024/May|suggested it there]]). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC) :Any content in this dictionary should be already be at [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Requested entries (Kashubian)/Kashubian Dictionary]], where we will be able to slowly make entries for these. [[User:Vininn126|Vininn126]] ([[User talk:Vininn126|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vininn126|contribs]]) 21:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Biblioþeke]] == Out of scope; seems to be an incomplete translation of the bible into a conlang. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:16, 29 May 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikis for Retail Store Managers]] == Abandoned, unclear scope, little content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:30, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Human Geography]] == Abandoned for two decades without any development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:50, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The page has a list of chapters/sections, but these are not linked. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:56, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]] == Abandoned, very little meaningful content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Scrapebook Linguistics]] == Abandoned, little to no meaningful content, unclear scope or potential for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:05, 8 June 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - an earlier version of this page was imported to Wikiversity as [[:v:Special:Permalink/15674|Portal:Linguistics]] (and subsequently edited into oblivion). The followup edits here aren't needed at WV. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:22, 25 July 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Be a Good Camp Counselor]] == Book is un/under-developed and abandoned, and the scope/potential for development is somewhat unclear to me. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989/Manual for Obtention of Driving licence: Signals and Lights]] == Abandoned with non-English. Not belonging under [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989]], that Taiwanese administrative regulation since 1989 would not contain such a manual.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 16:55, 4 July 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per above —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 5 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Australian Property Law]] == Has only one page (introduction) with little content. It has been abandoned now for almost 20 years with no development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:35, 10 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Subpages are redlinks except for [[Australian Property Law/Introduction]], which does not save the material. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:09, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Chinese Checkers]] == Extremely minimal content and abandoned for almost 20 years. Was previously nominated for deletion in 2006 but kept on the grounds that it could be expanded—clearly this has not happened. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Niw Englisch]] == Fiction / original research - a conlang being (very slowly) created by the author of the book. The following books are closely related to that project and should be deleted as well: * [[NiwEnglisc]] * [[Þat englisce Alphabet]] * [[Lernung þer Stafræwe]] * [[Þe ettbære Garden]] as well as [[Biblioþeke]], which has already been nominated for deletion. :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' all per the above. I can find no evidence of the conlang outside Wikibooks and this sole author. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Mac OS X Leopard]] == Yet another abandoned, underdeveloped book on an obsolete operating system. (Mac OS X Leopard was released in 2007, and has been unsupported since 2011.) If there were more content in this book, it could possibly be refactored into a version-independent book about macOS, but there's effectively nothing here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 14 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. If it were more fleshed out, it could be kept as archival. However, there's so little there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:47, 24 July 2024 (UTC) == [[3DTin User's Guide]] == Abandoned >1 decade, undeveloped, very little content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:29, 20 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - 3DTin was a web application which [https://3dtin.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/the-next-chapter/ shut down in 2016], so this book no longer serves any purpose, and certainly isn't going to be expanded. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Advanced Calculus]] == Abandoned for many years; consists of only one page for one theorem; no introduction or scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Algebra and Number Theory]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of one page with very little content; no introduction or scope —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Has a list of redlinks for subpages; there is one subpage: [[Algebra and Number Theory/Elementary Number Theory]]. This is not useful and has been abandoned for too long. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:05, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basic Ancient Greek]] == Abandoned for many years; very little actual content; only real contributor was an IP whose last edit was in 2015. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:37, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:06, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender Game Engine for Morons]] == Abandoned for at least a decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:41, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[BOINC]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content; unclear scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:43, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Open View NNM Exam Guide]] == One page only; abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. [[w:HP OpenView|HP OpenView]] no longer exists as a product (and its successor HP Network Management Center has been discontinued as well!); neither does HP's certification exam for it. There's certainly no purpose in writing a new guide for a nonexistent exam for a obsolete product. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:54, 23 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Games]] == Abandoned for ~1 decade; little to no meaningful content; one paragraph in entire book; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Biochemistry/The Cell]] == <div style="padding:0.5em;">[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|36px|link=]] The following discussion has concluded. Please open a new discussion for any further comments.</div> <div class="collapsible boilerplate metadata" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; margin:0em; padding:10px; border:1px solid #999999;"> <div class="title" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; padding:0px; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"> abandoned and undeveloped and per comments below —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:47, 14 October 2024 (UTC)</span></div> <div class="body" style="text-align:left"> <hr /> Not particularly in scope for the book as it is; content is not particularly meaningful, educational, helpful, or well-developed (e.g. what does it mean for red blood cells to "helps in structure of the body"?) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Even if the strange or outright wrong statements were removed (like describing a cell as "a small particle or organism", or implying that red and white blood cells are the only types of cell!), this sort of very basic explanation would be more at home in an introductory text on biology, not a text on biochemistry which assumes familiarity with these topics. (And indeed, there are much better explanations in books like [[Biology, Answering the Big Questions of Life/Cells]].) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) </div></div> == [[Folktales from the Mon People of Koh Kred]] == Seems to be out of scope, since Wikibooks does not host fiction. –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:29, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:11, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == [[High performance computing]] == Abandoned >1 decade; only contains main page with little content; scope not well-defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 28 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:52, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Doom Modding]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope/path to completion —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:20, 28 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max]] == Abandoned >1 decade; one chapter only, which contains only a handful of sentences. Not enough content and no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{del}} per nom. The only subpage is this: [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max/HDRI Maps]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:51, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages in [[Security+ Certification]] == Both [[Security+ Certification/Threats and Vulnerabilities]] and [[Security+ Certification/Network Security]] seem to be deprecated per @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]]'s recent overhaul; moreover, the pages in question seem to consist entirely of outlinks to Wikipedia. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:32, 3 August 2024 (UTC) == Obsolete Microsoft certification guides == * [[MCSE Server 2003 Certification Core Exams]] (exam 70-290 retired July 2013) * [[Microsoft Certified IT Professional]] (exam 70-444 retired June 2011; exam 70-450 retired July 2015) * [[Microsoft Certified Professional Developer]] (exams 70-526, 70-528, 70-529, 70-547, 70-548 retired June 2011; exams 70-290, 70-536 retired July 2013) These books all correspond to Microsoft certification exams which were retired in 2011-2015, and consist almost entirely of lists of course objectives copied from official course materials. There's almost no original educational content in any of these three books, and it's highly unlikely that they're going to be improved, since the certification exams they correspond to are no longer offered. (Reference for the exam retirement dates is: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/support/retired-certification-exams) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:27, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} per the above; additionally, some of these have very little content at all. Some pages may be candidates for speedy deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[GNU Autoconf]] == Little to no meaningful content, abandoned >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:42, 4 August 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. Nothing particularly salvageable from this. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:07, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Textbook Reviews]] == Very little meaningful educational content; seems like opinion at most? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:45, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Kurdish]] == Very little content at all, no outline or potential for development; abandoned for years. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:46, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:49, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[English-Arabic dictionary]] == Out of scope at Wikibooks since this is already completely covered by Wiktionary. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:49, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{comment}} [[English-Arabic dictionary/Colors in Arabic]] gets a nontrivial amount of traffic (~50 views/day). It'd be nice if we could at least preserve this as a redirect to an equivalent resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * '''Keep''': a book selecting vocabulary into introductory groups is very different from a lexical database such as Wiktionary. In Wiktionary, one does not know where to start learning the vocabulary. Admittedly, the title gives excessively broad scope, so something should probably be done. (The argument with 50 views/day has some force.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Audacity]] == Abandoned 17 years; consists only of paltry introduction. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:43, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - Audacity already has high-quality, freely licensed documentation at https://manual.audacityteam.org/ (and it's even a wiki!). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:57, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Java Logging]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:44, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. All indicated subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:27, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Mercury Programming]] == Abandoned >1 decade; undeveloped (single page only); no scope or plan for expansion/future development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:46, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Mercury Programming/Types]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:26, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Server+ Certification]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content; mostly a few section headers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[NetBeans]] == No meaningful content; chapter list only; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. No subpages; all listed subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Valgrind]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope; no path forward for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:52, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - readers would be much better off with [https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html Valgrind's own quick start guide] (which is even freely licensed). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:32, 18 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Open Religion]] == Original research/soapbox/NPOV; abandoned >1 decade; main page only —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:40, 24 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - out of scope religious/philosophical content similar to [[#Developing a Universal Religion]], but less developed. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:58, 25 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}. For the record, the page starts: "This project is to create an Open Source religion and philosophy, transparent and accessible to all, directed to interest all without discrimination." By the way, I would not mind instead quasi-deleting by moving to userspace of the main author so that anyone can review later what kind of material is being deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:03, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming for the consultant]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:42, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Programming for the consultant/Approaching A New Code Base]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:24, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Metroid]] == Abandoned; main page only; no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:44, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom; could be speedy. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:00, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Radiata Stories]] == Abandoned; little to no meaningful content; one page only with little content; no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The one existing subpage is [[Radiata Stories/Character Recruitment]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:23, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Prehistory of Globalization/Preface]] == Orphaned page; little to no meaningful content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:38, 25 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Dialect]] == Scope unclear; abandoned with no plan for development; little to no meaningful content; most pages qualify for speedy anyway. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 5 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:21, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming Text Adventures In Basic]] == Main page only; abandoned >1 decade; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:17, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom, but I think a change of [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] is needed so that we can delete useless stubs abandoned for a long time. The nominated page cannot be of any use as is. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:59, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[UNIX Basics]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:23, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}: no meaningful content. A bit of meaningful content is in [[Guide to Unix]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:53, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Write a Compiler]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:24, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom: almost no meaningful content. No further reading. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Script Languages Synopsis]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little content; unclear path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:26, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Epicurus]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 13:33, 6 October 2024 (UTC)}} Merging with the other Epicurus page. {{unsigned|TheoYalur}} {{end closed}} === [[Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως)]] === Merging with the other Epicurus page. [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' I'm leaning towards this whole book being deleted. The scope and structure of this book as an educational textbook are unclear and the whole thing seems potentially like original research or an essay. Unless I've missed something, the main editor seems unresponsive to querying and is repeatedly removing the query flags. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:13, 25 September 2024 (UTC) =={{anchor|Network+ Certification}}{{anchor|Security+ Certification}}{{anchor|A+ Certification}} CompTIA Certifications == [[Network+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Network+|Wikiversity]]. [[Security+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Security+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. [[A+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:A+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. De-duplicating work across Wikimedia. Subpages should all be deleted as well. Might be worth leaving a redirect to WV for future users. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:02, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :I centralized at Wikiversity since the projects (as of now) are compendiums of links and resources based on the listed objectives of each exam, sometimes with explicitly suggested 'activities'. Very little in the way of 'book'-like exposition. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:06, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :Thought about leaving a {{tlx|MovedToWikiversity}} but that template has been deleted in the past. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:52, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikiversal generated pages == * [[Wiki Assistant]] * [[User Page Builder]] *: Inexplicably, the links on the main page of this book all point to pages under [[:w:User:Hazel45onnie/User Page Builder]] '''on the English Wikipedia'''. I'm nominating those pages for deletion on enwiki as a separate process ([[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikiversuite pages|here]]). * [[WikiverSuite/Wikiversant/Gunport Builder Demo 1]] * [[Wiki Tutorial]] *: Some of the internal links in this book are written as if the book is named [[Tutorial]] instead of [[Wiki Tutorial]]. You may have to use [[Special:Prefixindex/Wiki Tutorial]] to read through the whole thing. These books were all generated using Wikiversal, a third-party wiki editing tool written by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer downloadable. Many of them contain broken internal links or other outdated content (like references to Wikiversity being a subproject of Wikibooks), and the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them unreasonably difficult to edit. (As as aside, the markup used for these "presentations" is completely broken on the mobile site, e.g. [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_Page_Builder]. For some reason, the forward/back buttons are invisible, making it impossible to navigate from page to page.) The first three books are all instructions on how to use Wikiversal itself. Since it's no longer available, they are of no use. The fourth, while described as a "Wiki tutorial", primarily instructs users to use Wikiversal to build pages on the wiki; its main page should probably be redirected to [[Using Wikibooks]] as a much more comprehensive resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:44, 20 September 2024 (UTC) ::It isn't inexplicable that these pages and links are on the English Wikipedia. The spammers who developed these pages were primarily trying to peddle software for use on the English Wikipedia. Their pages on the English Wikipedia are also pending deletion as misusing Wikipedia for web hosting. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC) :::Based on the name and some of the user's (now deleted) activity on Wikiversity, I think the software was actually intended primarily for use on Wikibooks and/or Wikiversity. Why they decided to host some of its documentation on Wikipedia is a mystery. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:52, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::::It isn't worth trying to explain the behavior of spammers. Sometimes the explanation is stupidity and greed. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:05, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::<del>I haven't yet looked at the deletion request here. I am primarily an English Wikipedia editor, just as [[User:Omphalographer]] is primarily a Commons editor. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)</del> *'''Delete All''' - Spam. These books were created twelve years ago to peddle software to new users. This was an abuse of Wikimedia for commercial purposes. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:51, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]] == Much like the Wikiversal pages nominated above, this book is documentation for a piece of self-authored software by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer available for download. I can't find any substantial references to this software anywhere online outside of this book itself, so it seems highly unlikely to be useful to anyone. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per the above. If the software is not currently available and was never widely available or notable previously, I don't see why keeping it is useful, even for historicity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:36, 20 September 2024 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - This is more spam by a spammer. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:17, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Roblox WF Wars]] == No textual content at all, just a couple of tables of data. I can't find any other information online about this game; for all we know, it may not even exist. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:30, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' as stated above. The content is so minimal, and the scope is not defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 20 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == : [[Alo, Jonathan!]] : [[Bune Ğonatan!]] : [[Dag, Jonathan!]] : [[Glidis, o Jonathan!]] : [[Hai, Jon!]] : [[Hallo, Jonathan!]] : [[Haloo, Jonatan!]] : [[Hay, Jonathan!]] : [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)]] : [[Hej, Jonathan!]] : [[Hela, Jonathan!]] : [[Holo, Jonathan!]] : [[Oila, Jonatan!]] : [[Salam, Jonathan!]] : [[Salom, Jonatan!]] : [[Salu, Jon!]] : [[Salut Jonathan!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)]] : [[Salut, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, ionatano!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan!]] : [[Sesan Jon!]] : [[Simi, Jonathan!]] : [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]] : [[Terve, Jonathan!]] : [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!]] : [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!]] : [[Òla, Ionatà!]] There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. :[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine :How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::Hi! :::Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. :::So the idea is the following: :::1 Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::2 The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::3 For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::4 The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. :::Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. :::[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. ::::Cheers! –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::::Hello again, :::::It's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::[[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::Keep. Content of educational value that helps learn languages. I think more translations to natural languages should be produced. -[[User:Bronto Rex|Bronto Rex]] ([[User talk:Bronto Rex|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bronto Rex|contribs]]) 14:02, 11 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Wooden Boats: Building and Repair]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; a few pages, but each has only a few lines of text. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stellar Scintillation]] == Extremely narrow scope that I don't think is quite book-worthy, especially given the low amount of content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Future Teachers Meet Wiki]] == Abandoned; scope doesn't seem right for Wikibooks; underdeveloped. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this feels like it was an attempt to use Wikibooks to organize a university project and collect student writings; even if it had made more progress, it's not clear that the outcome would have been a textbook. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[East Indian Marathi]] == Abandoned >1 decade, almost no content at all, simple dictionary that should probably be transferred to Wiktionary if it hasn't already. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * '''Delete''' per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Spanish]] == Abandoned 2 decades; seems like an idea for a book that was never actually implemented (minimal meaningful content) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:55, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Luxembourgish]] == Abandoned; only non-main page is a list of movies—otherwise no meaningful content [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Data Recovery]] == Seems out of scope for an educational book; a couple paragraphs at most with no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:58, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is a worthy topic, but what's written here meanders between being vague and being actively bad advice. (The <code>strings</code> command is not an appropriate data recovery tool.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Competitive Programming]] == Survived deletion previously on the justification that it could potentially be expanded, but it's since been over a decade with no improvement; extremely minimal educational content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:03, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:TheoYalur]] == * [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] * [[The Sight and Sound of the Greek Genocide Around the Kültürpark in Izmir]] * [[God Disorder]] These pages all appear to be personal essays, not educational texts. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:53, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :They are all original research. The editor asked to be unblocked so they could move to Wikiversity where OR is permitted. As they have now returned to creating these dubious pages, I have blocked them again and deleted the most recent creation as out of scope original research. The "reader" might be acceptable. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I'm not sure about [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] since it has NPOV issues and it reads like a self-published essay piece with personal hypothesizing/opinion/research, no references, etc. Its educational scope is still somewhat unclear, as is the structure—it does not seem textbook-like in form or style. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:43, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :::You spent more time reading it than me I suspect. I only skimmed it, but I am sure you are right that it has the same issues as the other creations and should be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:14, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::::With regard to the "Reader", at best it's a collection of loosely translated excerpts of texts which, for the most part, already have quality translations available on Wikisource. For instance, the section [[Henri Poincaré Reader#The Measure of Time (1898)]] is already translated as [[:s:The Foundations of Science/The Value of Science/Chapter 2]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:39, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[User:גני טווילרי]] == Please delete a redirection page of the former user page, which was not active in the En Wikibooks. Thank you. [[User:לובר|לובר]] ([[User talk:לובר|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/לובר|contribs]]) 02:15, 16 October 2024 (UTC) :{{re|לובר}} {{done}} though in the future please use {{tl|speedy}} for such deletions. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:53, 16 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management]] == As best I can tell, this was intended at one point to be an internal resource for employees of an ODU (Old Dominion University) career office; what little of it exists is primarily focused on minutae irrelevant to anyone outside that office, like [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Oriented/How we do it|who to email to schedule an information session]] or a collection of [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Up-to-Date/CAP Meeting|meeting notes]]. It's also all been essentially untouched since 2007. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:49, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per stated reasoning —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Golf]] == Extremely minimal content; educational/book scope is unclear; abandoned for >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Counterterror Joint Command]] == Unclear how this falls into WB scope—doesn't seem to be an educational book, and educational scope is undefined; abandoned as well —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:17, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is perplexing; it's written like a policy proposal on behalf of an agency, not a textbook. From context I ''think'' it's about the [[:w:National Police Agency (Taiwan)]], but it's entirely unclear whether this was intended as an official report or some sort of weird fan fiction. Either way, it doesn't belong here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:31, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Flight Attendant Manual]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; consists only of a list of country codes and the phonetic alphabet. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[History of the ODU Art Department]] == A collection of fragmentary biographies and interviews of members of the ODU (Old Dominion University) art department. Some of these are individually interesting, I guess, but they don't really add up to a history of the department, let alone to an instructional text. Most editing activity appears to have been around 2008-09; there's almost no activity since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Making Neon Signs]] == Seems just like an imported WP article; educational book scope unclear; abandoned for years —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stone Masonry]] == Abandoned >1 decade; educational scope unclear; minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this reads almost like a speech thanking stonemasons for their work; there's no substantial information here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:08, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Understanding the National Certificate of Educational Achievement]] == Scope unclear; very little content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:30, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Release Management]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; very little content; unclear what its scope as a book is —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Management for IT Professionals]] == Minimal content; book scope unclear; abandoned almost 2 decades —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Living in Bangkok]] == Minimal content; consists of single chapter that contains likely outdated information —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:14, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Limburgish]] == Abandoned; single chapter with minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :In general, I think deletion not solve anything. While the contents is minimal, it's still better than nothing at all. Rather, an invitation should be made to expand on it. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ooswesthoesbes|contribs]]) 06:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]! While I understand your perspective, I unfortunately disagree. Wikibooks has a huge number of abandoned stubs like this one, which I think results in clutter and makes the entire project less useful as a result. Due to their nature and structure, books require a greater committed investment to make than, say, WP articles, and these little scraps are rarely developed here. This book has had plenty of opportunity for expansion since you started it over a decade ago, but nobody has actually made any effort to do so. Based on the evidence from the past decade, when weighing the likelihood of the book being properly developed going forward versus the active negative impact of its continued presence in this state, I favor deletion. Moreover, in the rare case that someone came along later and wanted to revive this book specifically, it could be undeleted. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:55, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Introduction to BASIC]] == Consists only of a few paragraphs and then a compilation of links —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Media Vault]] == Book-like scope is unclear; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:35, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - how-to content isn't necessarily out of scope, but this only describes how to perform a single (fairly straightforward) task, for a product which has been off the market for ~15 years and is unlikely to be of interest to future editors. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:02, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[GUI Design Principles]] == Single page that was never properly integrated into a book as it should have been —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:37, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender 3D: Game-making in Blender]] == Obsolete book with almost no content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:38, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basketball]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; doesn't contain much beyond what you'd find in a WP article —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:41, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Bug Free Programming]] == Unclear how exactly this constitutes an educational book; scope is unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:45, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Wow, I didn't even remember this one. I think it's perfectly clear how this is educational and the scope couldn't be clearer, either, but I'm not going to finish it so go ahead and delete it. [[User:Főszerkesztő Úr|Főszerkesztő Úr]] ([[User talk:Főszerkesztő Úr|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Főszerkesztő Úr|contribs]]) 12:35, 23 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Citroën XM]] == Abandoned >1 decade; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Happiness]] == Significant NPOV issues; not much content; abandoned for >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:58, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Islamic Studies Grade 1]] == Abandoned >1 decade with very little content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:03, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - the table of contents makes it clear that this book was intended to house POV religious content (e.g. a chapter titled "Allah Is The One"). This is incompatible with [[WB:NPOV]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Austrian German]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; scope not well outlined, main page only; minimal content insufficient for book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) rhqu32999y9brxmfvdnsc4c2yzda4of 4442364 4442347 2024-10-24T15:31:40Z MarcGarver 134830 /* Making Neon Signs */ 4442364 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{Requests for deletion/Archives}} {{Requests for deletion/Using Template:Icon}} {{clear}} = Undeletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} ==[[City Of Heroes]]== {{closed|Was undeleted —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} A book that was deleted when strategy guides were not allowed. See discussion -<span style="background:yellow;>User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 <span style="color:blue span> 17:13, 12 November 2022 (UTC)</span></span> :This book was deleted about 16 years ago and only one page had a significant amount of content. It could all be undeleted but would probably be better re-made from scratch.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 01:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC) ::'''Undeleted it''' with many first-level subpages. Yet [[City Of Heroes/Archetypes]], [[City Of Heroes/Powers]], [[City Of Heroes/General Help]], [[City Of Heroes/Enhancements]], [[City Of Heroes/Binds]] and [[City Of Heroes/Badges]] have even more subpages to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC) :::'''Undeleted''' many subpages of the above subpages, less obviously useless versions. Yet any administrators are hereby advised to check [[Special:Undelete]] for more to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 21:52, 21 August 2023 (UTC) :Remaking this content from scratch might be difficult - the game shut down in 2012. There's a small community of users running private servers based on leaked source code (!), but far fewer than when the game was active. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 26 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Mass undeletion of books that were deleted when strategy guides were not allowed.]]== {{closed|Not done —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Couldn't we just mass undelete these books? [[User:Garfieldcat1978|Garfieldcat1978]] ([[User talk:Garfieldcat1978|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Garfieldcat1978|contribs]]) 18:25, 20 February 2023 (UTC) Letting bot archive as needed. :Listing which works would be much better.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:51, 19 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} ==Requesting for undeletion of the page "Jumarkese"== {{closed|Not restored —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Hi, I just want to ask the administrators to restore my deleted page, "Jumarkese". I am begging you, I hope you will forgive me. Actually, I just noticed today that you deleted my page. I don't know your reasons why you did that. But I hope you can grant my request to restore my deleted page "Jumarkese" as soon as possible. Thank you. [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 16:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]]. You can see the reasoning under the corresponding section below. It consisted of original research, which is out of scope at Wikibooks, and this type of decision is precedented. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:54, 17 April 2024 (UTC) ::What do you mean by original research? [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 06:12, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :See [[Wikibooks:Original research]]. Neither Wikibooks nor Wikipedia allow original research.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 07:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} = Deletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} {{clear}} <!-- New nominations go at the bottom of page --> == [[The Computer Revolution/Computers and Environment/Nanotechnology]] == {{closed|1=Consensus to delete. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:58, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} Consists of excerpts from third parties. Those from ''New Scientist'', do not appear to be under a compatible licence. {{Unsigned|Mbrickn|07:33, 10 January 2023‎}} :I'm not sure it's enough of a violation for deletion? Based on a [https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikibooks&title=The+Computer+Revolution%2FComputers+and+Environment%2FNanotechnology&oldid=&action=search&use_engine=1&use_links=1&turnitin=0 copyvio comparison], the text seems mostly paraphrased. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:44, 10 January 2023 (UTC) :{{vd}} The content of this page is ''entirely'' quotes and summaries of articles. The opening is a copy-paste quote of the linked Rice University page, the "examples of nanomaterials" are taken from [[doi:10.1021/es0506509]] (or, more likely, from another article summarizing it), and the two paragraphs following that are inaccurate summaries of the (already pop-science) ''New Scientist'' articles cited. There's no original content here whatsoever, and I'm not even sure how any of this is related to the overall topic of "the computer revolution" - these articles are about chemistry, not computing. :This entire book is in pretty bad shape, frankly. Everything about it has the look of a class project where each student picked (or was assigned) a topic to write about individually, and their work was combined into a book. The results lack both coherence and quality, and I'm having a hard time seeing how this could ever be fixed short of throwing it all out and starting over. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:08, 14 August 2024 (UTC) ::After taking another look at the page, I now agree that it at least should be deleted. The content is not useful or coherent, and has issues as described above. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:19, 14 August 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Dynamical Systems]] == This seems to be abandoned book, the only content is largly vacuous. I don't believe it is likely to be extended or worked on because it is both a technical topic, and represents to original author's goals for such a book (graduate level vs undergraduate). [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 20:46, 23 February 2023 (UTC) :It does seem abandoned; the single existing page hasn't been updated since 2018 and the main book page hasn't been updated since 2019. Unless someone quickly decides to pick up on it, I can't really see it staying here at Wikibooks :/ —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ::Hello there, ::currently I'm working over at the German page, because I have begun to work with a new, more intuitive terminology. My current plan is to first finish the German version and then possibly to translate it. To finish the German version will take at least until the end of this year. Until then, you shouldn't expect any progress. Afterwards, I may feel inclined to pick up the project, depending on my human rights situation. --[[User:Mathmensch|Mathmensch]] ([[User talk:Mathmensch|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mathmensch|contribs]]) 09:26, 8 April 2023 (UTC) == Files from [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)]] == Used for decorative, not educational, purposes: [[:File:Float 13.jpg]], [[:File:Grabbed Frame 15.jpg]], [[:File:Gandof.jpg]], [[:File:Ohalland.jpg]], [[:File:Braskascan1.jpg]], [[:File:Tidus FFX.png]] ([[WB:NFCC]]#8). — Ирука<sup>[[user:Iruka13|13]]</sup> 13:54, 17 July 2023 (UTC) :Sure, I think I can agree on the removal of these [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:24, 22 July 2023 (UTC) == [[Radium SmartChain]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:48, 23 July 2024 (UTC)}} including the closely related books: * [[XRADON Supernet]] * [[Radium Core]] These books are a borderline advertisement for a cryptocurrency project. Moreover, the project has changed substantially since the books were written in 2016-2017 - it's now called "Validity", and most, if not all, of the information in these books is no longer accurate. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 06:39, 21 October 2023 (UTC) :{{comment}} I'm not sure it's blatant enough to be considered advertising? Since it technically is a how-to? But, if it is out of date, that could warrant deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Hence "borderline". Some of the subpages like [[Radium Core/Use Cases/Proof of Author]] have more of a promotional air to them. But yes, the instructional content is all badly out of date; there are edits [[Special:Diff/3554520|as far back as 2019]] from users trying to mark the books as being outdated, and it's only gotten worse since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:16, 24 October 2023 (UTC) :{{del}} If it wasn't outdated, I would vote keep, but... [[User:ForTheGrammar|ForTheGrammar]] ([[User talk:ForTheGrammar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ForTheGrammar|contribs]]) 01:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Various pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == The following pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] seem out of scope because they consist entirely of personal promotion/advertisement for the author's photography: * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians II]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Lights of Moscow]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Ethiopia through the eyes of traveler]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/On the roads of India]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/14 days in Mongolia]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Uganda: tribes and civilization]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Tribes of Kenya]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:13, 25 February 2024 (UTC) :Frankly, the entire book appears to be a vehicle for the author to promote his own photography. The few sentences of instructional content on pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in macro photography]] are practically useless; that one amounts to "to take macro photos, set your camera to macro mode and hold it close to the subject, or read another book for more information". Other pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Interior photography in hobo tours]] or [[Basics of fine-art photography/Taking pictures of homeless people]] provide essentially no information on photography technique at all, and seem to mostly be intended as jumping-off points to showcase more of the author's photos. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:40, 11 March 2024 (UTC) == [[History of Grand-Popo]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:11, 22 September 2024 (UTC)}} Suited for enWP not WB, appears to be a simple import with no likely development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:28, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Lists and links are not a textbook. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:01, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} This book is essentially a compilation of lists and links—I don't think it's actually in-scope here as a book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Selected Essays]] == {{closed|1=Deleted}} Seems completely out of WB scope; it's just a collection of unrelated personal essays. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:52, 1 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} Agreed, personal essays and not ones that can easily be used, at that. [[User:Icandostuff|<span style="color:Red">I</span> <span style="color:Yellow">can</span> <span style="color:Lime">do</span> <span style="color:#00ffff">stuff</span><span style="color:Blue">!</span> ]] ([[User talk:Icandostuff|talk]]) 12:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Remembering the Templars]] == Seems to be pretty much an encyclopedic article about the Knights Templar, which makes it out of scope; enormous amount of links to enWP and may even just be an import. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Half-Life Computation]] == Doesn't seem in-scope as a book—just seems like a single page on how to do a specific calculation. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[God and Religious Toleration]] == This book was [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/God and Religious Toleration|previously nominated for deletion in 2011]], but kept largely because of its theoretical potential for improvement. It's now over a decade later, and no real improvement has been made. The book has the following issues: * A lack of clearly defined educational/instructional scope, structure, or aims overall * A lack of structure in each existing chapter * Significant NPOV and lack-of-evidence/citations I've gone through the book to try to improve it somewhat, but it largely feels like a disorganized dumping ground for a variety of abstract thoughts, many of which are heavily biased. At this point, given the amount of time it has had for improvement and the lack thereof, I don't think it has a place at Wikibooks. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC) :This book is very important in this day and age. Tolerance between religions is important for world peace. Without tolerance, chaos breaks out in the world. We should promote tolerance between religions. If the good guys keep quiet, the bad guys win. Is that what you want? A better way is to simply add a chapter of yours to the book and contribute your suggestions to world peace and the strengthening of love in the world. @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]] ([[User talk:Nobody60|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nobody60|contribs]]) 08:46, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Support deleting as per issues pointed out in nom. @[[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]], there are kilometers between deleting a bad, biased book and supporting religious intolerance or whatever it is you're accusing the nom of doing. Wikibooks is a project with a definite, reachable and concrete goal, which this book doesn't meet, never met and probably would never meet. --[[User:YuriNikolai|YuriNikolai]] ([[User talk:YuriNikolai|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/YuriNikolai|contribs]]) 02:10, 27 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 07:44, 27 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Not only is this material not presented from a neutral point of view, it's not even a mainstream religious POV. Much like [[Developing A Universal Religion]] (also up for deletion), the goal of this text appears to be to create and promote a new syncretic religious movement, complete with its own new beliefs and practices; this is very much outside the scope of Wikibooks. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:24, 3 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} as per [[WB:NOR]]: I am all for religious tolerance but all against religious acquiescence. [[User:Jeaucques Quœure|Jeaucques Quœure]] ([[User talk:Jeaucques Quœure|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jeaucques Quœure|contribs]]) 07:30, 26 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Kashubian Dictionary]] == [[WB:DICT|Out of scope]] here; material should be hosted at Wiktionary (I've [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Information desk/2024/May|suggested it there]]). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC) :Any content in this dictionary should be already be at [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Requested entries (Kashubian)/Kashubian Dictionary]], where we will be able to slowly make entries for these. [[User:Vininn126|Vininn126]] ([[User talk:Vininn126|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vininn126|contribs]]) 21:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Biblioþeke]] == Out of scope; seems to be an incomplete translation of the bible into a conlang. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:16, 29 May 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikis for Retail Store Managers]] == Abandoned, unclear scope, little content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:30, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Human Geography]] == Abandoned for two decades without any development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:50, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The page has a list of chapters/sections, but these are not linked. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:56, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]] == Abandoned, very little meaningful content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Scrapebook Linguistics]] == Abandoned, little to no meaningful content, unclear scope or potential for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:05, 8 June 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - an earlier version of this page was imported to Wikiversity as [[:v:Special:Permalink/15674|Portal:Linguistics]] (and subsequently edited into oblivion). The followup edits here aren't needed at WV. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:22, 25 July 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Be a Good Camp Counselor]] == Book is un/under-developed and abandoned, and the scope/potential for development is somewhat unclear to me. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989/Manual for Obtention of Driving licence: Signals and Lights]] == Abandoned with non-English. Not belonging under [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989]], that Taiwanese administrative regulation since 1989 would not contain such a manual.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 16:55, 4 July 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per above —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 5 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Australian Property Law]] == Has only one page (introduction) with little content. It has been abandoned now for almost 20 years with no development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:35, 10 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Subpages are redlinks except for [[Australian Property Law/Introduction]], which does not save the material. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:09, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Chinese Checkers]] == Extremely minimal content and abandoned for almost 20 years. Was previously nominated for deletion in 2006 but kept on the grounds that it could be expanded—clearly this has not happened. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Niw Englisch]] == Fiction / original research - a conlang being (very slowly) created by the author of the book. The following books are closely related to that project and should be deleted as well: * [[NiwEnglisc]] * [[Þat englisce Alphabet]] * [[Lernung þer Stafræwe]] * [[Þe ettbære Garden]] as well as [[Biblioþeke]], which has already been nominated for deletion. :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' all per the above. I can find no evidence of the conlang outside Wikibooks and this sole author. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Mac OS X Leopard]] == Yet another abandoned, underdeveloped book on an obsolete operating system. (Mac OS X Leopard was released in 2007, and has been unsupported since 2011.) If there were more content in this book, it could possibly be refactored into a version-independent book about macOS, but there's effectively nothing here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 14 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. If it were more fleshed out, it could be kept as archival. However, there's so little there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:47, 24 July 2024 (UTC) == [[3DTin User's Guide]] == Abandoned >1 decade, undeveloped, very little content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:29, 20 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - 3DTin was a web application which [https://3dtin.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/the-next-chapter/ shut down in 2016], so this book no longer serves any purpose, and certainly isn't going to be expanded. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Advanced Calculus]] == Abandoned for many years; consists of only one page for one theorem; no introduction or scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Algebra and Number Theory]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of one page with very little content; no introduction or scope —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Has a list of redlinks for subpages; there is one subpage: [[Algebra and Number Theory/Elementary Number Theory]]. This is not useful and has been abandoned for too long. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:05, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basic Ancient Greek]] == Abandoned for many years; very little actual content; only real contributor was an IP whose last edit was in 2015. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:37, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:06, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender Game Engine for Morons]] == Abandoned for at least a decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:41, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[BOINC]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content; unclear scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:43, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Open View NNM Exam Guide]] == One page only; abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. [[w:HP OpenView|HP OpenView]] no longer exists as a product (and its successor HP Network Management Center has been discontinued as well!); neither does HP's certification exam for it. There's certainly no purpose in writing a new guide for a nonexistent exam for a obsolete product. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:54, 23 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Games]] == Abandoned for ~1 decade; little to no meaningful content; one paragraph in entire book; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Biochemistry/The Cell]] == <div style="padding:0.5em;">[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|36px|link=]] The following discussion has concluded. Please open a new discussion for any further comments.</div> <div class="collapsible boilerplate metadata" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; margin:0em; padding:10px; border:1px solid #999999;"> <div class="title" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; padding:0px; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"> abandoned and undeveloped and per comments below —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:47, 14 October 2024 (UTC)</span></div> <div class="body" style="text-align:left"> <hr /> Not particularly in scope for the book as it is; content is not particularly meaningful, educational, helpful, or well-developed (e.g. what does it mean for red blood cells to "helps in structure of the body"?) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Even if the strange or outright wrong statements were removed (like describing a cell as "a small particle or organism", or implying that red and white blood cells are the only types of cell!), this sort of very basic explanation would be more at home in an introductory text on biology, not a text on biochemistry which assumes familiarity with these topics. (And indeed, there are much better explanations in books like [[Biology, Answering the Big Questions of Life/Cells]].) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) </div></div> == [[Folktales from the Mon People of Koh Kred]] == Seems to be out of scope, since Wikibooks does not host fiction. –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:29, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:11, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == [[High performance computing]] == Abandoned >1 decade; only contains main page with little content; scope not well-defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 28 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:52, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Doom Modding]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope/path to completion —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:20, 28 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max]] == Abandoned >1 decade; one chapter only, which contains only a handful of sentences. Not enough content and no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{del}} per nom. The only subpage is this: [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max/HDRI Maps]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:51, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages in [[Security+ Certification]] == Both [[Security+ Certification/Threats and Vulnerabilities]] and [[Security+ Certification/Network Security]] seem to be deprecated per @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]]'s recent overhaul; moreover, the pages in question seem to consist entirely of outlinks to Wikipedia. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:32, 3 August 2024 (UTC) == Obsolete Microsoft certification guides == * [[MCSE Server 2003 Certification Core Exams]] (exam 70-290 retired July 2013) * [[Microsoft Certified IT Professional]] (exam 70-444 retired June 2011; exam 70-450 retired July 2015) * [[Microsoft Certified Professional Developer]] (exams 70-526, 70-528, 70-529, 70-547, 70-548 retired June 2011; exams 70-290, 70-536 retired July 2013) These books all correspond to Microsoft certification exams which were retired in 2011-2015, and consist almost entirely of lists of course objectives copied from official course materials. There's almost no original educational content in any of these three books, and it's highly unlikely that they're going to be improved, since the certification exams they correspond to are no longer offered. (Reference for the exam retirement dates is: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/support/retired-certification-exams) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:27, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} per the above; additionally, some of these have very little content at all. Some pages may be candidates for speedy deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[GNU Autoconf]] == Little to no meaningful content, abandoned >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:42, 4 August 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. Nothing particularly salvageable from this. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:07, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Textbook Reviews]] == Very little meaningful educational content; seems like opinion at most? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:45, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Kurdish]] == Very little content at all, no outline or potential for development; abandoned for years. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:46, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:49, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[English-Arabic dictionary]] == Out of scope at Wikibooks since this is already completely covered by Wiktionary. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:49, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{comment}} [[English-Arabic dictionary/Colors in Arabic]] gets a nontrivial amount of traffic (~50 views/day). It'd be nice if we could at least preserve this as a redirect to an equivalent resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * '''Keep''': a book selecting vocabulary into introductory groups is very different from a lexical database such as Wiktionary. In Wiktionary, one does not know where to start learning the vocabulary. Admittedly, the title gives excessively broad scope, so something should probably be done. (The argument with 50 views/day has some force.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Audacity]] == Abandoned 17 years; consists only of paltry introduction. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:43, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - Audacity already has high-quality, freely licensed documentation at https://manual.audacityteam.org/ (and it's even a wiki!). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:57, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Java Logging]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:44, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. All indicated subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:27, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Mercury Programming]] == Abandoned >1 decade; undeveloped (single page only); no scope or plan for expansion/future development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:46, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Mercury Programming/Types]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:26, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Server+ Certification]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content; mostly a few section headers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[NetBeans]] == No meaningful content; chapter list only; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. No subpages; all listed subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Valgrind]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope; no path forward for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:52, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - readers would be much better off with [https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html Valgrind's own quick start guide] (which is even freely licensed). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:32, 18 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Open Religion]] == Original research/soapbox/NPOV; abandoned >1 decade; main page only —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:40, 24 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - out of scope religious/philosophical content similar to [[#Developing a Universal Religion]], but less developed. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:58, 25 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}. For the record, the page starts: "This project is to create an Open Source religion and philosophy, transparent and accessible to all, directed to interest all without discrimination." By the way, I would not mind instead quasi-deleting by moving to userspace of the main author so that anyone can review later what kind of material is being deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:03, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming for the consultant]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:42, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Programming for the consultant/Approaching A New Code Base]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:24, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Metroid]] == Abandoned; main page only; no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:44, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom; could be speedy. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:00, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Radiata Stories]] == Abandoned; little to no meaningful content; one page only with little content; no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The one existing subpage is [[Radiata Stories/Character Recruitment]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:23, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Prehistory of Globalization/Preface]] == Orphaned page; little to no meaningful content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:38, 25 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Dialect]] == Scope unclear; abandoned with no plan for development; little to no meaningful content; most pages qualify for speedy anyway. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 5 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:21, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming Text Adventures In Basic]] == Main page only; abandoned >1 decade; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:17, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom, but I think a change of [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] is needed so that we can delete useless stubs abandoned for a long time. The nominated page cannot be of any use as is. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:59, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[UNIX Basics]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:23, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}: no meaningful content. A bit of meaningful content is in [[Guide to Unix]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:53, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Write a Compiler]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:24, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom: almost no meaningful content. No further reading. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Script Languages Synopsis]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little content; unclear path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:26, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Epicurus]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 13:33, 6 October 2024 (UTC)}} Merging with the other Epicurus page. {{unsigned|TheoYalur}} {{end closed}} === [[Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως)]] === Merging with the other Epicurus page. [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' I'm leaning towards this whole book being deleted. The scope and structure of this book as an educational textbook are unclear and the whole thing seems potentially like original research or an essay. Unless I've missed something, the main editor seems unresponsive to querying and is repeatedly removing the query flags. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:13, 25 September 2024 (UTC) =={{anchor|Network+ Certification}}{{anchor|Security+ Certification}}{{anchor|A+ Certification}} CompTIA Certifications == [[Network+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Network+|Wikiversity]]. [[Security+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Security+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. [[A+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:A+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. De-duplicating work across Wikimedia. Subpages should all be deleted as well. Might be worth leaving a redirect to WV for future users. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:02, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :I centralized at Wikiversity since the projects (as of now) are compendiums of links and resources based on the listed objectives of each exam, sometimes with explicitly suggested 'activities'. Very little in the way of 'book'-like exposition. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:06, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :Thought about leaving a {{tlx|MovedToWikiversity}} but that template has been deleted in the past. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:52, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikiversal generated pages == * [[Wiki Assistant]] * [[User Page Builder]] *: Inexplicably, the links on the main page of this book all point to pages under [[:w:User:Hazel45onnie/User Page Builder]] '''on the English Wikipedia'''. I'm nominating those pages for deletion on enwiki as a separate process ([[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikiversuite pages|here]]). * [[WikiverSuite/Wikiversant/Gunport Builder Demo 1]] * [[Wiki Tutorial]] *: Some of the internal links in this book are written as if the book is named [[Tutorial]] instead of [[Wiki Tutorial]]. You may have to use [[Special:Prefixindex/Wiki Tutorial]] to read through the whole thing. These books were all generated using Wikiversal, a third-party wiki editing tool written by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer downloadable. Many of them contain broken internal links or other outdated content (like references to Wikiversity being a subproject of Wikibooks), and the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them unreasonably difficult to edit. (As as aside, the markup used for these "presentations" is completely broken on the mobile site, e.g. [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_Page_Builder]. For some reason, the forward/back buttons are invisible, making it impossible to navigate from page to page.) The first three books are all instructions on how to use Wikiversal itself. Since it's no longer available, they are of no use. The fourth, while described as a "Wiki tutorial", primarily instructs users to use Wikiversal to build pages on the wiki; its main page should probably be redirected to [[Using Wikibooks]] as a much more comprehensive resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:44, 20 September 2024 (UTC) ::It isn't inexplicable that these pages and links are on the English Wikipedia. The spammers who developed these pages were primarily trying to peddle software for use on the English Wikipedia. Their pages on the English Wikipedia are also pending deletion as misusing Wikipedia for web hosting. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC) :::Based on the name and some of the user's (now deleted) activity on Wikiversity, I think the software was actually intended primarily for use on Wikibooks and/or Wikiversity. Why they decided to host some of its documentation on Wikipedia is a mystery. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:52, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::::It isn't worth trying to explain the behavior of spammers. Sometimes the explanation is stupidity and greed. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:05, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::<del>I haven't yet looked at the deletion request here. I am primarily an English Wikipedia editor, just as [[User:Omphalographer]] is primarily a Commons editor. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)</del> *'''Delete All''' - Spam. These books were created twelve years ago to peddle software to new users. This was an abuse of Wikimedia for commercial purposes. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:51, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]] == Much like the Wikiversal pages nominated above, this book is documentation for a piece of self-authored software by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer available for download. I can't find any substantial references to this software anywhere online outside of this book itself, so it seems highly unlikely to be useful to anyone. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per the above. If the software is not currently available and was never widely available or notable previously, I don't see why keeping it is useful, even for historicity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:36, 20 September 2024 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - This is more spam by a spammer. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:17, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Roblox WF Wars]] == No textual content at all, just a couple of tables of data. I can't find any other information online about this game; for all we know, it may not even exist. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:30, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' as stated above. The content is so minimal, and the scope is not defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 20 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == : [[Alo, Jonathan!]] : [[Bune Ğonatan!]] : [[Dag, Jonathan!]] : [[Glidis, o Jonathan!]] : [[Hai, Jon!]] : [[Hallo, Jonathan!]] : [[Haloo, Jonatan!]] : [[Hay, Jonathan!]] : [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)]] : [[Hej, Jonathan!]] : [[Hela, Jonathan!]] : [[Holo, Jonathan!]] : [[Oila, Jonatan!]] : [[Salam, Jonathan!]] : [[Salom, Jonatan!]] : [[Salu, Jon!]] : [[Salut Jonathan!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)]] : [[Salut, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, ionatano!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan!]] : [[Sesan Jon!]] : [[Simi, Jonathan!]] : [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]] : [[Terve, Jonathan!]] : [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!]] : [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!]] : [[Òla, Ionatà!]] There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. :[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine :How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::Hi! :::Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. :::So the idea is the following: :::1 Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::2 The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::3 For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::4 The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. :::Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. :::[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. ::::Cheers! –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::::Hello again, :::::It's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::[[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::Keep. Content of educational value that helps learn languages. I think more translations to natural languages should be produced. -[[User:Bronto Rex|Bronto Rex]] ([[User talk:Bronto Rex|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bronto Rex|contribs]]) 14:02, 11 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Wooden Boats: Building and Repair]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; a few pages, but each has only a few lines of text. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stellar Scintillation]] == Extremely narrow scope that I don't think is quite book-worthy, especially given the low amount of content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Future Teachers Meet Wiki]] == Abandoned; scope doesn't seem right for Wikibooks; underdeveloped. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this feels like it was an attempt to use Wikibooks to organize a university project and collect student writings; even if it had made more progress, it's not clear that the outcome would have been a textbook. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[East Indian Marathi]] == Abandoned >1 decade, almost no content at all, simple dictionary that should probably be transferred to Wiktionary if it hasn't already. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * '''Delete''' per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Spanish]] == Abandoned 2 decades; seems like an idea for a book that was never actually implemented (minimal meaningful content) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:55, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Luxembourgish]] == Abandoned; only non-main page is a list of movies—otherwise no meaningful content [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Data Recovery]] == Seems out of scope for an educational book; a couple paragraphs at most with no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:58, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is a worthy topic, but what's written here meanders between being vague and being actively bad advice. (The <code>strings</code> command is not an appropriate data recovery tool.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Competitive Programming]] == Survived deletion previously on the justification that it could potentially be expanded, but it's since been over a decade with no improvement; extremely minimal educational content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:03, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:TheoYalur]] == * [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] * [[The Sight and Sound of the Greek Genocide Around the Kültürpark in Izmir]] * [[God Disorder]] These pages all appear to be personal essays, not educational texts. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:53, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :They are all original research. The editor asked to be unblocked so they could move to Wikiversity where OR is permitted. As they have now returned to creating these dubious pages, I have blocked them again and deleted the most recent creation as out of scope original research. The "reader" might be acceptable. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I'm not sure about [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] since it has NPOV issues and it reads like a self-published essay piece with personal hypothesizing/opinion/research, no references, etc. Its educational scope is still somewhat unclear, as is the structure—it does not seem textbook-like in form or style. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:43, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :::You spent more time reading it than me I suspect. I only skimmed it, but I am sure you are right that it has the same issues as the other creations and should be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:14, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::::With regard to the "Reader", at best it's a collection of loosely translated excerpts of texts which, for the most part, already have quality translations available on Wikisource. For instance, the section [[Henri Poincaré Reader#The Measure of Time (1898)]] is already translated as [[:s:The Foundations of Science/The Value of Science/Chapter 2]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:39, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[User:גני טווילרי]] == Please delete a redirection page of the former user page, which was not active in the En Wikibooks. Thank you. [[User:לובר|לובר]] ([[User talk:לובר|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/לובר|contribs]]) 02:15, 16 October 2024 (UTC) :{{re|לובר}} {{done}} though in the future please use {{tl|speedy}} for such deletions. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:53, 16 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management]] == As best I can tell, this was intended at one point to be an internal resource for employees of an ODU (Old Dominion University) career office; what little of it exists is primarily focused on minutae irrelevant to anyone outside that office, like [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Oriented/How we do it|who to email to schedule an information session]] or a collection of [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Up-to-Date/CAP Meeting|meeting notes]]. It's also all been essentially untouched since 2007. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:49, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per stated reasoning —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Golf]] == Extremely minimal content; educational/book scope is unclear; abandoned for >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Counterterror Joint Command]] == Unclear how this falls into WB scope—doesn't seem to be an educational book, and educational scope is undefined; abandoned as well —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:17, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is perplexing; it's written like a policy proposal on behalf of an agency, not a textbook. From context I ''think'' it's about the [[:w:National Police Agency (Taiwan)]], but it's entirely unclear whether this was intended as an official report or some sort of weird fan fiction. Either way, it doesn't belong here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:31, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Flight Attendant Manual]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; consists only of a list of country codes and the phonetic alphabet. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[History of the ODU Art Department]] == A collection of fragmentary biographies and interviews of members of the ODU (Old Dominion University) art department. Some of these are individually interesting, I guess, but they don't really add up to a history of the department, let alone to an instructional text. Most editing activity appears to have been around 2008-09; there's almost no activity since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Making Neon Signs]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Was imported from WP (as the nominator suspected) and is still just a WP article, not a textbook. Out of scope and abandoned. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:31, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Seems just like an imported WP article; educational book scope unclear; abandoned for years —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Stone Masonry]] == Abandoned >1 decade; educational scope unclear; minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this reads almost like a speech thanking stonemasons for their work; there's no substantial information here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:08, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Understanding the National Certificate of Educational Achievement]] == Scope unclear; very little content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:30, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Release Management]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; very little content; unclear what its scope as a book is —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Management for IT Professionals]] == Minimal content; book scope unclear; abandoned almost 2 decades —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Living in Bangkok]] == Minimal content; consists of single chapter that contains likely outdated information —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:14, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Limburgish]] == Abandoned; single chapter with minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :In general, I think deletion not solve anything. While the contents is minimal, it's still better than nothing at all. Rather, an invitation should be made to expand on it. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ooswesthoesbes|contribs]]) 06:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]! While I understand your perspective, I unfortunately disagree. Wikibooks has a huge number of abandoned stubs like this one, which I think results in clutter and makes the entire project less useful as a result. Due to their nature and structure, books require a greater committed investment to make than, say, WP articles, and these little scraps are rarely developed here. This book has had plenty of opportunity for expansion since you started it over a decade ago, but nobody has actually made any effort to do so. Based on the evidence from the past decade, when weighing the likelihood of the book being properly developed going forward versus the active negative impact of its continued presence in this state, I favor deletion. Moreover, in the rare case that someone came along later and wanted to revive this book specifically, it could be undeleted. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:55, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Introduction to BASIC]] == Consists only of a few paragraphs and then a compilation of links —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Media Vault]] == Book-like scope is unclear; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:35, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - how-to content isn't necessarily out of scope, but this only describes how to perform a single (fairly straightforward) task, for a product which has been off the market for ~15 years and is unlikely to be of interest to future editors. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:02, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[GUI Design Principles]] == Single page that was never properly integrated into a book as it should have been —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:37, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender 3D: Game-making in Blender]] == Obsolete book with almost no content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:38, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basketball]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; doesn't contain much beyond what you'd find in a WP article —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:41, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Bug Free Programming]] == Unclear how exactly this constitutes an educational book; scope is unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:45, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Wow, I didn't even remember this one. I think it's perfectly clear how this is educational and the scope couldn't be clearer, either, but I'm not going to finish it so go ahead and delete it. [[User:Főszerkesztő Úr|Főszerkesztő Úr]] ([[User talk:Főszerkesztő Úr|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Főszerkesztő Úr|contribs]]) 12:35, 23 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Citroën XM]] == Abandoned >1 decade; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Happiness]] == Significant NPOV issues; not much content; abandoned for >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:58, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Islamic Studies Grade 1]] == Abandoned >1 decade with very little content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:03, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - the table of contents makes it clear that this book was intended to house POV religious content (e.g. a chapter titled "Allah Is The One"). This is incompatible with [[WB:NPOV]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Austrian German]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; scope not well outlined, main page only; minimal content insufficient for book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) ioj3bgvlbj1ilq5pkqgrrggfmlz3drw 4442366 4442364 2024-10-24T15:34:51Z MarcGarver 134830 /* Files from Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2) */ 4442366 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{Requests for deletion/Archives}} {{Requests for deletion/Using Template:Icon}} {{clear}} = Undeletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} ==[[City Of Heroes]]== {{closed|Was undeleted —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} A book that was deleted when strategy guides were not allowed. See discussion -<span style="background:yellow;>User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 <span style="color:blue span> 17:13, 12 November 2022 (UTC)</span></span> :This book was deleted about 16 years ago and only one page had a significant amount of content. It could all be undeleted but would probably be better re-made from scratch.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 01:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC) ::'''Undeleted it''' with many first-level subpages. Yet [[City Of Heroes/Archetypes]], [[City Of Heroes/Powers]], [[City Of Heroes/General Help]], [[City Of Heroes/Enhancements]], [[City Of Heroes/Binds]] and [[City Of Heroes/Badges]] have even more subpages to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC) :::'''Undeleted''' many subpages of the above subpages, less obviously useless versions. Yet any administrators are hereby advised to check [[Special:Undelete]] for more to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 21:52, 21 August 2023 (UTC) :Remaking this content from scratch might be difficult - the game shut down in 2012. There's a small community of users running private servers based on leaked source code (!), but far fewer than when the game was active. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 26 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Mass undeletion of books that were deleted when strategy guides were not allowed.]]== {{closed|Not done —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Couldn't we just mass undelete these books? [[User:Garfieldcat1978|Garfieldcat1978]] ([[User talk:Garfieldcat1978|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Garfieldcat1978|contribs]]) 18:25, 20 February 2023 (UTC) Letting bot archive as needed. :Listing which works would be much better.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:51, 19 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} ==Requesting for undeletion of the page "Jumarkese"== {{closed|Not restored —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Hi, I just want to ask the administrators to restore my deleted page, "Jumarkese". I am begging you, I hope you will forgive me. Actually, I just noticed today that you deleted my page. I don't know your reasons why you did that. But I hope you can grant my request to restore my deleted page "Jumarkese" as soon as possible. Thank you. [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 16:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]]. You can see the reasoning under the corresponding section below. It consisted of original research, which is out of scope at Wikibooks, and this type of decision is precedented. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:54, 17 April 2024 (UTC) ::What do you mean by original research? [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 06:12, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :See [[Wikibooks:Original research]]. Neither Wikibooks nor Wikipedia allow original research.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 07:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} = Deletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} {{clear}} <!-- New nominations go at the bottom of page --> == [[The Computer Revolution/Computers and Environment/Nanotechnology]] == {{closed|1=Consensus to delete. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:58, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} Consists of excerpts from third parties. Those from ''New Scientist'', do not appear to be under a compatible licence. {{Unsigned|Mbrickn|07:33, 10 January 2023‎}} :I'm not sure it's enough of a violation for deletion? Based on a [https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikibooks&title=The+Computer+Revolution%2FComputers+and+Environment%2FNanotechnology&oldid=&action=search&use_engine=1&use_links=1&turnitin=0 copyvio comparison], the text seems mostly paraphrased. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:44, 10 January 2023 (UTC) :{{vd}} The content of this page is ''entirely'' quotes and summaries of articles. The opening is a copy-paste quote of the linked Rice University page, the "examples of nanomaterials" are taken from [[doi:10.1021/es0506509]] (or, more likely, from another article summarizing it), and the two paragraphs following that are inaccurate summaries of the (already pop-science) ''New Scientist'' articles cited. There's no original content here whatsoever, and I'm not even sure how any of this is related to the overall topic of "the computer revolution" - these articles are about chemistry, not computing. :This entire book is in pretty bad shape, frankly. Everything about it has the look of a class project where each student picked (or was assigned) a topic to write about individually, and their work was combined into a book. The results lack both coherence and quality, and I'm having a hard time seeing how this could ever be fixed short of throwing it all out and starting over. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:08, 14 August 2024 (UTC) ::After taking another look at the page, I now agree that it at least should be deleted. The content is not useful or coherent, and has issues as described above. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:19, 14 August 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Dynamical Systems]] == This seems to be abandoned book, the only content is largly vacuous. I don't believe it is likely to be extended or worked on because it is both a technical topic, and represents to original author's goals for such a book (graduate level vs undergraduate). [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 20:46, 23 February 2023 (UTC) :It does seem abandoned; the single existing page hasn't been updated since 2018 and the main book page hasn't been updated since 2019. Unless someone quickly decides to pick up on it, I can't really see it staying here at Wikibooks :/ —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ::Hello there, ::currently I'm working over at the German page, because I have begun to work with a new, more intuitive terminology. My current plan is to first finish the German version and then possibly to translate it. To finish the German version will take at least until the end of this year. Until then, you shouldn't expect any progress. Afterwards, I may feel inclined to pick up the project, depending on my human rights situation. --[[User:Mathmensch|Mathmensch]] ([[User talk:Mathmensch|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mathmensch|contribs]]) 09:26, 8 April 2023 (UTC) == Files from [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)]] == {{closed|1=Deleted for lack of a valid NFCC. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Used for decorative, not educational, purposes: [[:File:Float 13.jpg]], [[:File:Grabbed Frame 15.jpg]], [[:File:Gandof.jpg]], [[:File:Ohalland.jpg]], [[:File:Braskascan1.jpg]], [[:File:Tidus FFX.png]] ([[WB:NFCC]]#8). — Ирука<sup>[[user:Iruka13|13]]</sup> 13:54, 17 July 2023 (UTC) :Sure, I think I can agree on the removal of these [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:24, 22 July 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Radium SmartChain]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:48, 23 July 2024 (UTC)}} including the closely related books: * [[XRADON Supernet]] * [[Radium Core]] These books are a borderline advertisement for a cryptocurrency project. Moreover, the project has changed substantially since the books were written in 2016-2017 - it's now called "Validity", and most, if not all, of the information in these books is no longer accurate. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 06:39, 21 October 2023 (UTC) :{{comment}} I'm not sure it's blatant enough to be considered advertising? Since it technically is a how-to? But, if it is out of date, that could warrant deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Hence "borderline". Some of the subpages like [[Radium Core/Use Cases/Proof of Author]] have more of a promotional air to them. But yes, the instructional content is all badly out of date; there are edits [[Special:Diff/3554520|as far back as 2019]] from users trying to mark the books as being outdated, and it's only gotten worse since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:16, 24 October 2023 (UTC) :{{del}} If it wasn't outdated, I would vote keep, but... [[User:ForTheGrammar|ForTheGrammar]] ([[User talk:ForTheGrammar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ForTheGrammar|contribs]]) 01:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Various pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == The following pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] seem out of scope because they consist entirely of personal promotion/advertisement for the author's photography: * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians II]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Lights of Moscow]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Ethiopia through the eyes of traveler]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/On the roads of India]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/14 days in Mongolia]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Uganda: tribes and civilization]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Tribes of Kenya]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:13, 25 February 2024 (UTC) :Frankly, the entire book appears to be a vehicle for the author to promote his own photography. The few sentences of instructional content on pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in macro photography]] are practically useless; that one amounts to "to take macro photos, set your camera to macro mode and hold it close to the subject, or read another book for more information". Other pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Interior photography in hobo tours]] or [[Basics of fine-art photography/Taking pictures of homeless people]] provide essentially no information on photography technique at all, and seem to mostly be intended as jumping-off points to showcase more of the author's photos. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:40, 11 March 2024 (UTC) == [[History of Grand-Popo]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:11, 22 September 2024 (UTC)}} Suited for enWP not WB, appears to be a simple import with no likely development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:28, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Lists and links are not a textbook. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:01, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} This book is essentially a compilation of lists and links—I don't think it's actually in-scope here as a book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Selected Essays]] == {{closed|1=Deleted}} Seems completely out of WB scope; it's just a collection of unrelated personal essays. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:52, 1 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} Agreed, personal essays and not ones that can easily be used, at that. [[User:Icandostuff|<span style="color:Red">I</span> <span style="color:Yellow">can</span> <span style="color:Lime">do</span> <span style="color:#00ffff">stuff</span><span style="color:Blue">!</span> ]] ([[User talk:Icandostuff|talk]]) 12:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Remembering the Templars]] == Seems to be pretty much an encyclopedic article about the Knights Templar, which makes it out of scope; enormous amount of links to enWP and may even just be an import. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Half-Life Computation]] == Doesn't seem in-scope as a book—just seems like a single page on how to do a specific calculation. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[God and Religious Toleration]] == This book was [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/God and Religious Toleration|previously nominated for deletion in 2011]], but kept largely because of its theoretical potential for improvement. It's now over a decade later, and no real improvement has been made. The book has the following issues: * A lack of clearly defined educational/instructional scope, structure, or aims overall * A lack of structure in each existing chapter * Significant NPOV and lack-of-evidence/citations I've gone through the book to try to improve it somewhat, but it largely feels like a disorganized dumping ground for a variety of abstract thoughts, many of which are heavily biased. At this point, given the amount of time it has had for improvement and the lack thereof, I don't think it has a place at Wikibooks. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC) :This book is very important in this day and age. Tolerance between religions is important for world peace. Without tolerance, chaos breaks out in the world. We should promote tolerance between religions. If the good guys keep quiet, the bad guys win. Is that what you want? A better way is to simply add a chapter of yours to the book and contribute your suggestions to world peace and the strengthening of love in the world. @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]] ([[User talk:Nobody60|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nobody60|contribs]]) 08:46, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Support deleting as per issues pointed out in nom. @[[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]], there are kilometers between deleting a bad, biased book and supporting religious intolerance or whatever it is you're accusing the nom of doing. Wikibooks is a project with a definite, reachable and concrete goal, which this book doesn't meet, never met and probably would never meet. --[[User:YuriNikolai|YuriNikolai]] ([[User talk:YuriNikolai|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/YuriNikolai|contribs]]) 02:10, 27 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 07:44, 27 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Not only is this material not presented from a neutral point of view, it's not even a mainstream religious POV. Much like [[Developing A Universal Religion]] (also up for deletion), the goal of this text appears to be to create and promote a new syncretic religious movement, complete with its own new beliefs and practices; this is very much outside the scope of Wikibooks. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:24, 3 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} as per [[WB:NOR]]: I am all for religious tolerance but all against religious acquiescence. [[User:Jeaucques Quœure|Jeaucques Quœure]] ([[User talk:Jeaucques Quœure|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jeaucques Quœure|contribs]]) 07:30, 26 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Kashubian Dictionary]] == [[WB:DICT|Out of scope]] here; material should be hosted at Wiktionary (I've [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Information desk/2024/May|suggested it there]]). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC) :Any content in this dictionary should be already be at [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Requested entries (Kashubian)/Kashubian Dictionary]], where we will be able to slowly make entries for these. [[User:Vininn126|Vininn126]] ([[User talk:Vininn126|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vininn126|contribs]]) 21:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Biblioþeke]] == Out of scope; seems to be an incomplete translation of the bible into a conlang. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:16, 29 May 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikis for Retail Store Managers]] == Abandoned, unclear scope, little content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:30, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Human Geography]] == Abandoned for two decades without any development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:50, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The page has a list of chapters/sections, but these are not linked. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:56, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]] == Abandoned, very little meaningful content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Scrapebook Linguistics]] == Abandoned, little to no meaningful content, unclear scope or potential for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:05, 8 June 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - an earlier version of this page was imported to Wikiversity as [[:v:Special:Permalink/15674|Portal:Linguistics]] (and subsequently edited into oblivion). The followup edits here aren't needed at WV. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:22, 25 July 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Be a Good Camp Counselor]] == Book is un/under-developed and abandoned, and the scope/potential for development is somewhat unclear to me. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989/Manual for Obtention of Driving licence: Signals and Lights]] == Abandoned with non-English. Not belonging under [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989]], that Taiwanese administrative regulation since 1989 would not contain such a manual.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 16:55, 4 July 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per above —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 5 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Australian Property Law]] == Has only one page (introduction) with little content. It has been abandoned now for almost 20 years with no development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:35, 10 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Subpages are redlinks except for [[Australian Property Law/Introduction]], which does not save the material. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:09, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Chinese Checkers]] == Extremely minimal content and abandoned for almost 20 years. Was previously nominated for deletion in 2006 but kept on the grounds that it could be expanded—clearly this has not happened. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Niw Englisch]] == Fiction / original research - a conlang being (very slowly) created by the author of the book. The following books are closely related to that project and should be deleted as well: * [[NiwEnglisc]] * [[Þat englisce Alphabet]] * [[Lernung þer Stafræwe]] * [[Þe ettbære Garden]] as well as [[Biblioþeke]], which has already been nominated for deletion. :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' all per the above. I can find no evidence of the conlang outside Wikibooks and this sole author. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Mac OS X Leopard]] == Yet another abandoned, underdeveloped book on an obsolete operating system. (Mac OS X Leopard was released in 2007, and has been unsupported since 2011.) If there were more content in this book, it could possibly be refactored into a version-independent book about macOS, but there's effectively nothing here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 14 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. If it were more fleshed out, it could be kept as archival. However, there's so little there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:47, 24 July 2024 (UTC) == [[3DTin User's Guide]] == Abandoned >1 decade, undeveloped, very little content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:29, 20 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - 3DTin was a web application which [https://3dtin.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/the-next-chapter/ shut down in 2016], so this book no longer serves any purpose, and certainly isn't going to be expanded. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Advanced Calculus]] == Abandoned for many years; consists of only one page for one theorem; no introduction or scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Algebra and Number Theory]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of one page with very little content; no introduction or scope —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Has a list of redlinks for subpages; there is one subpage: [[Algebra and Number Theory/Elementary Number Theory]]. This is not useful and has been abandoned for too long. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:05, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basic Ancient Greek]] == Abandoned for many years; very little actual content; only real contributor was an IP whose last edit was in 2015. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:37, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:06, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender Game Engine for Morons]] == Abandoned for at least a decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:41, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[BOINC]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content; unclear scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:43, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Open View NNM Exam Guide]] == One page only; abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. [[w:HP OpenView|HP OpenView]] no longer exists as a product (and its successor HP Network Management Center has been discontinued as well!); neither does HP's certification exam for it. There's certainly no purpose in writing a new guide for a nonexistent exam for a obsolete product. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:54, 23 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Games]] == Abandoned for ~1 decade; little to no meaningful content; one paragraph in entire book; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Biochemistry/The Cell]] == <div style="padding:0.5em;">[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|36px|link=]] The following discussion has concluded. Please open a new discussion for any further comments.</div> <div class="collapsible boilerplate metadata" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; margin:0em; padding:10px; border:1px solid #999999;"> <div class="title" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; padding:0px; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"> abandoned and undeveloped and per comments below —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:47, 14 October 2024 (UTC)</span></div> <div class="body" style="text-align:left"> <hr /> Not particularly in scope for the book as it is; content is not particularly meaningful, educational, helpful, or well-developed (e.g. what does it mean for red blood cells to "helps in structure of the body"?) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Even if the strange or outright wrong statements were removed (like describing a cell as "a small particle or organism", or implying that red and white blood cells are the only types of cell!), this sort of very basic explanation would be more at home in an introductory text on biology, not a text on biochemistry which assumes familiarity with these topics. (And indeed, there are much better explanations in books like [[Biology, Answering the Big Questions of Life/Cells]].) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) </div></div> == [[Folktales from the Mon People of Koh Kred]] == Seems to be out of scope, since Wikibooks does not host fiction. –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:29, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:11, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == [[High performance computing]] == Abandoned >1 decade; only contains main page with little content; scope not well-defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 28 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:52, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Doom Modding]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope/path to completion —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:20, 28 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max]] == Abandoned >1 decade; one chapter only, which contains only a handful of sentences. Not enough content and no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{del}} per nom. The only subpage is this: [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max/HDRI Maps]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:51, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages in [[Security+ Certification]] == Both [[Security+ Certification/Threats and Vulnerabilities]] and [[Security+ Certification/Network Security]] seem to be deprecated per @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]]'s recent overhaul; moreover, the pages in question seem to consist entirely of outlinks to Wikipedia. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:32, 3 August 2024 (UTC) == Obsolete Microsoft certification guides == * [[MCSE Server 2003 Certification Core Exams]] (exam 70-290 retired July 2013) * [[Microsoft Certified IT Professional]] (exam 70-444 retired June 2011; exam 70-450 retired July 2015) * [[Microsoft Certified Professional Developer]] (exams 70-526, 70-528, 70-529, 70-547, 70-548 retired June 2011; exams 70-290, 70-536 retired July 2013) These books all correspond to Microsoft certification exams which were retired in 2011-2015, and consist almost entirely of lists of course objectives copied from official course materials. There's almost no original educational content in any of these three books, and it's highly unlikely that they're going to be improved, since the certification exams they correspond to are no longer offered. (Reference for the exam retirement dates is: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/support/retired-certification-exams) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:27, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} per the above; additionally, some of these have very little content at all. Some pages may be candidates for speedy deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[GNU Autoconf]] == Little to no meaningful content, abandoned >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:42, 4 August 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. Nothing particularly salvageable from this. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:07, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Textbook Reviews]] == Very little meaningful educational content; seems like opinion at most? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:45, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Kurdish]] == Very little content at all, no outline or potential for development; abandoned for years. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:46, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:49, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[English-Arabic dictionary]] == Out of scope at Wikibooks since this is already completely covered by Wiktionary. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:49, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{comment}} [[English-Arabic dictionary/Colors in Arabic]] gets a nontrivial amount of traffic (~50 views/day). It'd be nice if we could at least preserve this as a redirect to an equivalent resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * '''Keep''': a book selecting vocabulary into introductory groups is very different from a lexical database such as Wiktionary. In Wiktionary, one does not know where to start learning the vocabulary. Admittedly, the title gives excessively broad scope, so something should probably be done. (The argument with 50 views/day has some force.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Audacity]] == Abandoned 17 years; consists only of paltry introduction. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:43, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - Audacity already has high-quality, freely licensed documentation at https://manual.audacityteam.org/ (and it's even a wiki!). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:57, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Java Logging]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:44, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. All indicated subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:27, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Mercury Programming]] == Abandoned >1 decade; undeveloped (single page only); no scope or plan for expansion/future development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:46, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Mercury Programming/Types]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:26, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Server+ Certification]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content; mostly a few section headers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[NetBeans]] == No meaningful content; chapter list only; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. No subpages; all listed subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Valgrind]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope; no path forward for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:52, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - readers would be much better off with [https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html Valgrind's own quick start guide] (which is even freely licensed). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:32, 18 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Open Religion]] == Original research/soapbox/NPOV; abandoned >1 decade; main page only —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:40, 24 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - out of scope religious/philosophical content similar to [[#Developing a Universal Religion]], but less developed. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:58, 25 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}. For the record, the page starts: "This project is to create an Open Source religion and philosophy, transparent and accessible to all, directed to interest all without discrimination." By the way, I would not mind instead quasi-deleting by moving to userspace of the main author so that anyone can review later what kind of material is being deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:03, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming for the consultant]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:42, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Programming for the consultant/Approaching A New Code Base]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:24, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Metroid]] == Abandoned; main page only; no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:44, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom; could be speedy. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:00, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Radiata Stories]] == Abandoned; little to no meaningful content; one page only with little content; no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The one existing subpage is [[Radiata Stories/Character Recruitment]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:23, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Prehistory of Globalization/Preface]] == Orphaned page; little to no meaningful content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:38, 25 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Dialect]] == Scope unclear; abandoned with no plan for development; little to no meaningful content; most pages qualify for speedy anyway. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 5 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:21, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming Text Adventures In Basic]] == Main page only; abandoned >1 decade; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:17, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom, but I think a change of [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] is needed so that we can delete useless stubs abandoned for a long time. The nominated page cannot be of any use as is. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:59, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[UNIX Basics]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:23, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}: no meaningful content. A bit of meaningful content is in [[Guide to Unix]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:53, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Write a Compiler]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:24, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom: almost no meaningful content. No further reading. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Script Languages Synopsis]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little content; unclear path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:26, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Epicurus]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 13:33, 6 October 2024 (UTC)}} Merging with the other Epicurus page. {{unsigned|TheoYalur}} {{end closed}} === [[Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως)]] === Merging with the other Epicurus page. [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' I'm leaning towards this whole book being deleted. The scope and structure of this book as an educational textbook are unclear and the whole thing seems potentially like original research or an essay. Unless I've missed something, the main editor seems unresponsive to querying and is repeatedly removing the query flags. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:13, 25 September 2024 (UTC) =={{anchor|Network+ Certification}}{{anchor|Security+ Certification}}{{anchor|A+ Certification}} CompTIA Certifications == [[Network+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Network+|Wikiversity]]. [[Security+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Security+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. [[A+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:A+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. De-duplicating work across Wikimedia. Subpages should all be deleted as well. Might be worth leaving a redirect to WV for future users. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:02, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :I centralized at Wikiversity since the projects (as of now) are compendiums of links and resources based on the listed objectives of each exam, sometimes with explicitly suggested 'activities'. Very little in the way of 'book'-like exposition. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:06, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :Thought about leaving a {{tlx|MovedToWikiversity}} but that template has been deleted in the past. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:52, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikiversal generated pages == * [[Wiki Assistant]] * [[User Page Builder]] *: Inexplicably, the links on the main page of this book all point to pages under [[:w:User:Hazel45onnie/User Page Builder]] '''on the English Wikipedia'''. I'm nominating those pages for deletion on enwiki as a separate process ([[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikiversuite pages|here]]). * [[WikiverSuite/Wikiversant/Gunport Builder Demo 1]] * [[Wiki Tutorial]] *: Some of the internal links in this book are written as if the book is named [[Tutorial]] instead of [[Wiki Tutorial]]. You may have to use [[Special:Prefixindex/Wiki Tutorial]] to read through the whole thing. These books were all generated using Wikiversal, a third-party wiki editing tool written by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer downloadable. Many of them contain broken internal links or other outdated content (like references to Wikiversity being a subproject of Wikibooks), and the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them unreasonably difficult to edit. (As as aside, the markup used for these "presentations" is completely broken on the mobile site, e.g. [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_Page_Builder]. For some reason, the forward/back buttons are invisible, making it impossible to navigate from page to page.) The first three books are all instructions on how to use Wikiversal itself. Since it's no longer available, they are of no use. The fourth, while described as a "Wiki tutorial", primarily instructs users to use Wikiversal to build pages on the wiki; its main page should probably be redirected to [[Using Wikibooks]] as a much more comprehensive resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:44, 20 September 2024 (UTC) ::It isn't inexplicable that these pages and links are on the English Wikipedia. The spammers who developed these pages were primarily trying to peddle software for use on the English Wikipedia. Their pages on the English Wikipedia are also pending deletion as misusing Wikipedia for web hosting. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC) :::Based on the name and some of the user's (now deleted) activity on Wikiversity, I think the software was actually intended primarily for use on Wikibooks and/or Wikiversity. Why they decided to host some of its documentation on Wikipedia is a mystery. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:52, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::::It isn't worth trying to explain the behavior of spammers. Sometimes the explanation is stupidity and greed. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:05, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::<del>I haven't yet looked at the deletion request here. I am primarily an English Wikipedia editor, just as [[User:Omphalographer]] is primarily a Commons editor. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)</del> *'''Delete All''' - Spam. These books were created twelve years ago to peddle software to new users. This was an abuse of Wikimedia for commercial purposes. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:51, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]] == Much like the Wikiversal pages nominated above, this book is documentation for a piece of self-authored software by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer available for download. I can't find any substantial references to this software anywhere online outside of this book itself, so it seems highly unlikely to be useful to anyone. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per the above. If the software is not currently available and was never widely available or notable previously, I don't see why keeping it is useful, even for historicity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:36, 20 September 2024 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - This is more spam by a spammer. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:17, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Roblox WF Wars]] == No textual content at all, just a couple of tables of data. I can't find any other information online about this game; for all we know, it may not even exist. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:30, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' as stated above. The content is so minimal, and the scope is not defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 20 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == : [[Alo, Jonathan!]] : [[Bune Ğonatan!]] : [[Dag, Jonathan!]] : [[Glidis, o Jonathan!]] : [[Hai, Jon!]] : [[Hallo, Jonathan!]] : [[Haloo, Jonatan!]] : [[Hay, Jonathan!]] : [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)]] : [[Hej, Jonathan!]] : [[Hela, Jonathan!]] : [[Holo, Jonathan!]] : [[Oila, Jonatan!]] : [[Salam, Jonathan!]] : [[Salom, Jonatan!]] : [[Salu, Jon!]] : [[Salut Jonathan!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)]] : [[Salut, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, ionatano!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan!]] : [[Sesan Jon!]] : [[Simi, Jonathan!]] : [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]] : [[Terve, Jonathan!]] : [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!]] : [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!]] : [[Òla, Ionatà!]] There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. :[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine :How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::Hi! :::Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. :::So the idea is the following: :::1 Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::2 The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::3 For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::4 The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. :::Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. :::[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. ::::Cheers! –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::::Hello again, :::::It's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::[[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::Keep. Content of educational value that helps learn languages. I think more translations to natural languages should be produced. -[[User:Bronto Rex|Bronto Rex]] ([[User talk:Bronto Rex|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bronto Rex|contribs]]) 14:02, 11 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Wooden Boats: Building and Repair]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; a few pages, but each has only a few lines of text. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stellar Scintillation]] == Extremely narrow scope that I don't think is quite book-worthy, especially given the low amount of content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Future Teachers Meet Wiki]] == Abandoned; scope doesn't seem right for Wikibooks; underdeveloped. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this feels like it was an attempt to use Wikibooks to organize a university project and collect student writings; even if it had made more progress, it's not clear that the outcome would have been a textbook. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[East Indian Marathi]] == Abandoned >1 decade, almost no content at all, simple dictionary that should probably be transferred to Wiktionary if it hasn't already. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * '''Delete''' per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Spanish]] == Abandoned 2 decades; seems like an idea for a book that was never actually implemented (minimal meaningful content) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:55, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Luxembourgish]] == Abandoned; only non-main page is a list of movies—otherwise no meaningful content [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Data Recovery]] == Seems out of scope for an educational book; a couple paragraphs at most with no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:58, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is a worthy topic, but what's written here meanders between being vague and being actively bad advice. (The <code>strings</code> command is not an appropriate data recovery tool.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Competitive Programming]] == Survived deletion previously on the justification that it could potentially be expanded, but it's since been over a decade with no improvement; extremely minimal educational content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:03, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:TheoYalur]] == * [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] * [[The Sight and Sound of the Greek Genocide Around the Kültürpark in Izmir]] * [[God Disorder]] These pages all appear to be personal essays, not educational texts. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:53, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :They are all original research. The editor asked to be unblocked so they could move to Wikiversity where OR is permitted. As they have now returned to creating these dubious pages, I have blocked them again and deleted the most recent creation as out of scope original research. The "reader" might be acceptable. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I'm not sure about [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] since it has NPOV issues and it reads like a self-published essay piece with personal hypothesizing/opinion/research, no references, etc. Its educational scope is still somewhat unclear, as is the structure—it does not seem textbook-like in form or style. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:43, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :::You spent more time reading it than me I suspect. I only skimmed it, but I am sure you are right that it has the same issues as the other creations and should be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:14, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::::With regard to the "Reader", at best it's a collection of loosely translated excerpts of texts which, for the most part, already have quality translations available on Wikisource. For instance, the section [[Henri Poincaré Reader#The Measure of Time (1898)]] is already translated as [[:s:The Foundations of Science/The Value of Science/Chapter 2]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:39, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[User:גני טווילרי]] == Please delete a redirection page of the former user page, which was not active in the En Wikibooks. Thank you. [[User:לובר|לובר]] ([[User talk:לובר|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/לובר|contribs]]) 02:15, 16 October 2024 (UTC) :{{re|לובר}} {{done}} though in the future please use {{tl|speedy}} for such deletions. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:53, 16 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management]] == As best I can tell, this was intended at one point to be an internal resource for employees of an ODU (Old Dominion University) career office; what little of it exists is primarily focused on minutae irrelevant to anyone outside that office, like [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Oriented/How we do it|who to email to schedule an information session]] or a collection of [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Up-to-Date/CAP Meeting|meeting notes]]. It's also all been essentially untouched since 2007. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:49, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per stated reasoning —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Golf]] == Extremely minimal content; educational/book scope is unclear; abandoned for >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Counterterror Joint Command]] == Unclear how this falls into WB scope—doesn't seem to be an educational book, and educational scope is undefined; abandoned as well —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:17, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is perplexing; it's written like a policy proposal on behalf of an agency, not a textbook. From context I ''think'' it's about the [[:w:National Police Agency (Taiwan)]], but it's entirely unclear whether this was intended as an official report or some sort of weird fan fiction. Either way, it doesn't belong here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:31, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Flight Attendant Manual]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; consists only of a list of country codes and the phonetic alphabet. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[History of the ODU Art Department]] == A collection of fragmentary biographies and interviews of members of the ODU (Old Dominion University) art department. Some of these are individually interesting, I guess, but they don't really add up to a history of the department, let alone to an instructional text. Most editing activity appears to have been around 2008-09; there's almost no activity since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Making Neon Signs]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Was imported from WP (as the nominator suspected) and is still just a WP article, not a textbook. Out of scope and abandoned. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:31, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Seems just like an imported WP article; educational book scope unclear; abandoned for years —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Stone Masonry]] == Abandoned >1 decade; educational scope unclear; minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this reads almost like a speech thanking stonemasons for their work; there's no substantial information here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:08, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Understanding the National Certificate of Educational Achievement]] == Scope unclear; very little content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:30, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Release Management]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; very little content; unclear what its scope as a book is —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Management for IT Professionals]] == Minimal content; book scope unclear; abandoned almost 2 decades —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Living in Bangkok]] == Minimal content; consists of single chapter that contains likely outdated information —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:14, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Limburgish]] == Abandoned; single chapter with minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :In general, I think deletion not solve anything. While the contents is minimal, it's still better than nothing at all. Rather, an invitation should be made to expand on it. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ooswesthoesbes|contribs]]) 06:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]! While I understand your perspective, I unfortunately disagree. Wikibooks has a huge number of abandoned stubs like this one, which I think results in clutter and makes the entire project less useful as a result. Due to their nature and structure, books require a greater committed investment to make than, say, WP articles, and these little scraps are rarely developed here. This book has had plenty of opportunity for expansion since you started it over a decade ago, but nobody has actually made any effort to do so. Based on the evidence from the past decade, when weighing the likelihood of the book being properly developed going forward versus the active negative impact of its continued presence in this state, I favor deletion. Moreover, in the rare case that someone came along later and wanted to revive this book specifically, it could be undeleted. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:55, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Introduction to BASIC]] == Consists only of a few paragraphs and then a compilation of links —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Media Vault]] == Book-like scope is unclear; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:35, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - how-to content isn't necessarily out of scope, but this only describes how to perform a single (fairly straightforward) task, for a product which has been off the market for ~15 years and is unlikely to be of interest to future editors. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:02, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[GUI Design Principles]] == Single page that was never properly integrated into a book as it should have been —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:37, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender 3D: Game-making in Blender]] == Obsolete book with almost no content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:38, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basketball]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; doesn't contain much beyond what you'd find in a WP article —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:41, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Bug Free Programming]] == Unclear how exactly this constitutes an educational book; scope is unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:45, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Wow, I didn't even remember this one. I think it's perfectly clear how this is educational and the scope couldn't be clearer, either, but I'm not going to finish it so go ahead and delete it. [[User:Főszerkesztő Úr|Főszerkesztő Úr]] ([[User talk:Főszerkesztő Úr|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Főszerkesztő Úr|contribs]]) 12:35, 23 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Citroën XM]] == Abandoned >1 decade; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Happiness]] == Significant NPOV issues; not much content; abandoned for >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:58, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Islamic Studies Grade 1]] == Abandoned >1 decade with very little content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:03, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - the table of contents makes it clear that this book was intended to house POV religious content (e.g. a chapter titled "Allah Is The One"). This is incompatible with [[WB:NPOV]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Austrian German]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; scope not well outlined, main page only; minimal content insufficient for book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) lhcv75oq2gmm0dsxo9cshti4wm09s9d 4442371 4442366 2024-10-24T15:38:59Z MarcGarver 134830 /* Various pages in Basics of fine-art photography */ 4442371 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{Requests for deletion/Archives}} {{Requests for deletion/Using Template:Icon}} {{clear}} = Undeletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} ==[[City Of Heroes]]== {{closed|Was undeleted —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} A book that was deleted when strategy guides were not allowed. See discussion -<span style="background:yellow;>User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 <span style="color:blue span> 17:13, 12 November 2022 (UTC)</span></span> :This book was deleted about 16 years ago and only one page had a significant amount of content. It could all be undeleted but would probably be better re-made from scratch.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 01:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC) ::'''Undeleted it''' with many first-level subpages. Yet [[City Of Heroes/Archetypes]], [[City Of Heroes/Powers]], [[City Of Heroes/General Help]], [[City Of Heroes/Enhancements]], [[City Of Heroes/Binds]] and [[City Of Heroes/Badges]] have even more subpages to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC) :::'''Undeleted''' many subpages of the above subpages, less obviously useless versions. Yet any administrators are hereby advised to check [[Special:Undelete]] for more to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 21:52, 21 August 2023 (UTC) :Remaking this content from scratch might be difficult - the game shut down in 2012. There's a small community of users running private servers based on leaked source code (!), but far fewer than when the game was active. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 26 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Mass undeletion of books that were deleted when strategy guides were not allowed.]]== {{closed|Not done —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Couldn't we just mass undelete these books? [[User:Garfieldcat1978|Garfieldcat1978]] ([[User talk:Garfieldcat1978|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Garfieldcat1978|contribs]]) 18:25, 20 February 2023 (UTC) Letting bot archive as needed. :Listing which works would be much better.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:51, 19 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} ==Requesting for undeletion of the page "Jumarkese"== {{closed|Not restored —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Hi, I just want to ask the administrators to restore my deleted page, "Jumarkese". I am begging you, I hope you will forgive me. Actually, I just noticed today that you deleted my page. I don't know your reasons why you did that. But I hope you can grant my request to restore my deleted page "Jumarkese" as soon as possible. Thank you. [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 16:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]]. You can see the reasoning under the corresponding section below. It consisted of original research, which is out of scope at Wikibooks, and this type of decision is precedented. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:54, 17 April 2024 (UTC) ::What do you mean by original research? [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 06:12, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :See [[Wikibooks:Original research]]. Neither Wikibooks nor Wikipedia allow original research.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 07:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} = Deletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} {{clear}} <!-- New nominations go at the bottom of page --> == [[The Computer Revolution/Computers and Environment/Nanotechnology]] == {{closed|1=Consensus to delete. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:58, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} Consists of excerpts from third parties. Those from ''New Scientist'', do not appear to be under a compatible licence. {{Unsigned|Mbrickn|07:33, 10 January 2023‎}} :I'm not sure it's enough of a violation for deletion? Based on a [https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikibooks&title=The+Computer+Revolution%2FComputers+and+Environment%2FNanotechnology&oldid=&action=search&use_engine=1&use_links=1&turnitin=0 copyvio comparison], the text seems mostly paraphrased. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:44, 10 January 2023 (UTC) :{{vd}} The content of this page is ''entirely'' quotes and summaries of articles. The opening is a copy-paste quote of the linked Rice University page, the "examples of nanomaterials" are taken from [[doi:10.1021/es0506509]] (or, more likely, from another article summarizing it), and the two paragraphs following that are inaccurate summaries of the (already pop-science) ''New Scientist'' articles cited. There's no original content here whatsoever, and I'm not even sure how any of this is related to the overall topic of "the computer revolution" - these articles are about chemistry, not computing. :This entire book is in pretty bad shape, frankly. Everything about it has the look of a class project where each student picked (or was assigned) a topic to write about individually, and their work was combined into a book. The results lack both coherence and quality, and I'm having a hard time seeing how this could ever be fixed short of throwing it all out and starting over. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:08, 14 August 2024 (UTC) ::After taking another look at the page, I now agree that it at least should be deleted. The content is not useful or coherent, and has issues as described above. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:19, 14 August 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Dynamical Systems]] == This seems to be abandoned book, the only content is largly vacuous. I don't believe it is likely to be extended or worked on because it is both a technical topic, and represents to original author's goals for such a book (graduate level vs undergraduate). [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 20:46, 23 February 2023 (UTC) :It does seem abandoned; the single existing page hasn't been updated since 2018 and the main book page hasn't been updated since 2019. Unless someone quickly decides to pick up on it, I can't really see it staying here at Wikibooks :/ —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ::Hello there, ::currently I'm working over at the German page, because I have begun to work with a new, more intuitive terminology. My current plan is to first finish the German version and then possibly to translate it. To finish the German version will take at least until the end of this year. Until then, you shouldn't expect any progress. Afterwards, I may feel inclined to pick up the project, depending on my human rights situation. --[[User:Mathmensch|Mathmensch]] ([[User talk:Mathmensch|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mathmensch|contribs]]) 09:26, 8 April 2023 (UTC) == Files from [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)]] == {{closed|1=Deleted for lack of a valid NFCC. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Used for decorative, not educational, purposes: [[:File:Float 13.jpg]], [[:File:Grabbed Frame 15.jpg]], [[:File:Gandof.jpg]], [[:File:Ohalland.jpg]], [[:File:Braskascan1.jpg]], [[:File:Tidus FFX.png]] ([[WB:NFCC]]#8). — Ирука<sup>[[user:Iruka13|13]]</sup> 13:54, 17 July 2023 (UTC) :Sure, I think I can agree on the removal of these [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:24, 22 July 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Radium SmartChain]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:48, 23 July 2024 (UTC)}} including the closely related books: * [[XRADON Supernet]] * [[Radium Core]] These books are a borderline advertisement for a cryptocurrency project. Moreover, the project has changed substantially since the books were written in 2016-2017 - it's now called "Validity", and most, if not all, of the information in these books is no longer accurate. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 06:39, 21 October 2023 (UTC) :{{comment}} I'm not sure it's blatant enough to be considered advertising? Since it technically is a how-to? But, if it is out of date, that could warrant deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Hence "borderline". Some of the subpages like [[Radium Core/Use Cases/Proof of Author]] have more of a promotional air to them. But yes, the instructional content is all badly out of date; there are edits [[Special:Diff/3554520|as far back as 2019]] from users trying to mark the books as being outdated, and it's only gotten worse since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:16, 24 October 2023 (UTC) :{{del}} If it wasn't outdated, I would vote keep, but... [[User:ForTheGrammar|ForTheGrammar]] ([[User talk:ForTheGrammar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ForTheGrammar|contribs]]) 01:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Various pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == {{closed|1=consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:38, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} The following pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] seem out of scope because they consist entirely of personal promotion/advertisement for the author's photography: * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians II]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Lights of Moscow]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Ethiopia through the eyes of traveler]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/On the roads of India]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/14 days in Mongolia]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Uganda: tribes and civilization]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Tribes of Kenya]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:13, 25 February 2024 (UTC) :Frankly, the entire book appears to be a vehicle for the author to promote his own photography. The few sentences of instructional content on pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in macro photography]] are practically useless; that one amounts to "to take macro photos, set your camera to macro mode and hold it close to the subject, or read another book for more information". Other pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Interior photography in hobo tours]] or [[Basics of fine-art photography/Taking pictures of homeless people]] provide essentially no information on photography technique at all, and seem to mostly be intended as jumping-off points to showcase more of the author's photos. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:40, 11 March 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[History of Grand-Popo]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:11, 22 September 2024 (UTC)}} Suited for enWP not WB, appears to be a simple import with no likely development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:28, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Lists and links are not a textbook. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:01, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} This book is essentially a compilation of lists and links—I don't think it's actually in-scope here as a book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Selected Essays]] == {{closed|1=Deleted}} Seems completely out of WB scope; it's just a collection of unrelated personal essays. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:52, 1 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} Agreed, personal essays and not ones that can easily be used, at that. [[User:Icandostuff|<span style="color:Red">I</span> <span style="color:Yellow">can</span> <span style="color:Lime">do</span> <span style="color:#00ffff">stuff</span><span style="color:Blue">!</span> ]] ([[User talk:Icandostuff|talk]]) 12:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Remembering the Templars]] == Seems to be pretty much an encyclopedic article about the Knights Templar, which makes it out of scope; enormous amount of links to enWP and may even just be an import. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[Half-Life Computation]] == Doesn't seem in-scope as a book—just seems like a single page on how to do a specific calculation. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[God and Religious Toleration]] == This book was [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/God and Religious Toleration|previously nominated for deletion in 2011]], but kept largely because of its theoretical potential for improvement. It's now over a decade later, and no real improvement has been made. The book has the following issues: * A lack of clearly defined educational/instructional scope, structure, or aims overall * A lack of structure in each existing chapter * Significant NPOV and lack-of-evidence/citations I've gone through the book to try to improve it somewhat, but it largely feels like a disorganized dumping ground for a variety of abstract thoughts, many of which are heavily biased. At this point, given the amount of time it has had for improvement and the lack thereof, I don't think it has a place at Wikibooks. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC) :This book is very important in this day and age. Tolerance between religions is important for world peace. Without tolerance, chaos breaks out in the world. We should promote tolerance between religions. If the good guys keep quiet, the bad guys win. Is that what you want? A better way is to simply add a chapter of yours to the book and contribute your suggestions to world peace and the strengthening of love in the world. @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]] ([[User talk:Nobody60|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nobody60|contribs]]) 08:46, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Support deleting as per issues pointed out in nom. @[[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]], there are kilometers between deleting a bad, biased book and supporting religious intolerance or whatever it is you're accusing the nom of doing. Wikibooks is a project with a definite, reachable and concrete goal, which this book doesn't meet, never met and probably would never meet. --[[User:YuriNikolai|YuriNikolai]] ([[User talk:YuriNikolai|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/YuriNikolai|contribs]]) 02:10, 27 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 07:44, 27 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Not only is this material not presented from a neutral point of view, it's not even a mainstream religious POV. Much like [[Developing A Universal Religion]] (also up for deletion), the goal of this text appears to be to create and promote a new syncretic religious movement, complete with its own new beliefs and practices; this is very much outside the scope of Wikibooks. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:24, 3 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} as per [[WB:NOR]]: I am all for religious tolerance but all against religious acquiescence. [[User:Jeaucques Quœure|Jeaucques Quœure]] ([[User talk:Jeaucques Quœure|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jeaucques Quœure|contribs]]) 07:30, 26 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Kashubian Dictionary]] == [[WB:DICT|Out of scope]] here; material should be hosted at Wiktionary (I've [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Information desk/2024/May|suggested it there]]). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC) :Any content in this dictionary should be already be at [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Requested entries (Kashubian)/Kashubian Dictionary]], where we will be able to slowly make entries for these. [[User:Vininn126|Vininn126]] ([[User talk:Vininn126|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vininn126|contribs]]) 21:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Biblioþeke]] == Out of scope; seems to be an incomplete translation of the bible into a conlang. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:16, 29 May 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikis for Retail Store Managers]] == Abandoned, unclear scope, little content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:30, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Human Geography]] == Abandoned for two decades without any development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:50, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The page has a list of chapters/sections, but these are not linked. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:56, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]] == Abandoned, very little meaningful content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Scrapebook Linguistics]] == Abandoned, little to no meaningful content, unclear scope or potential for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:05, 8 June 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - an earlier version of this page was imported to Wikiversity as [[:v:Special:Permalink/15674|Portal:Linguistics]] (and subsequently edited into oblivion). The followup edits here aren't needed at WV. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:22, 25 July 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Be a Good Camp Counselor]] == Book is un/under-developed and abandoned, and the scope/potential for development is somewhat unclear to me. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989/Manual for Obtention of Driving licence: Signals and Lights]] == Abandoned with non-English. Not belonging under [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989]], that Taiwanese administrative regulation since 1989 would not contain such a manual.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 16:55, 4 July 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per above —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 5 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Australian Property Law]] == Has only one page (introduction) with little content. It has been abandoned now for almost 20 years with no development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:35, 10 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Subpages are redlinks except for [[Australian Property Law/Introduction]], which does not save the material. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:09, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Chinese Checkers]] == Extremely minimal content and abandoned for almost 20 years. Was previously nominated for deletion in 2006 but kept on the grounds that it could be expanded—clearly this has not happened. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Niw Englisch]] == Fiction / original research - a conlang being (very slowly) created by the author of the book. The following books are closely related to that project and should be deleted as well: * [[NiwEnglisc]] * [[Þat englisce Alphabet]] * [[Lernung þer Stafræwe]] * [[Þe ettbære Garden]] as well as [[Biblioþeke]], which has already been nominated for deletion. :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' all per the above. I can find no evidence of the conlang outside Wikibooks and this sole author. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Mac OS X Leopard]] == Yet another abandoned, underdeveloped book on an obsolete operating system. (Mac OS X Leopard was released in 2007, and has been unsupported since 2011.) If there were more content in this book, it could possibly be refactored into a version-independent book about macOS, but there's effectively nothing here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 14 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. If it were more fleshed out, it could be kept as archival. However, there's so little there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:47, 24 July 2024 (UTC) == [[3DTin User's Guide]] == Abandoned >1 decade, undeveloped, very little content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:29, 20 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - 3DTin was a web application which [https://3dtin.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/the-next-chapter/ shut down in 2016], so this book no longer serves any purpose, and certainly isn't going to be expanded. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Advanced Calculus]] == Abandoned for many years; consists of only one page for one theorem; no introduction or scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Algebra and Number Theory]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of one page with very little content; no introduction or scope —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Has a list of redlinks for subpages; there is one subpage: [[Algebra and Number Theory/Elementary Number Theory]]. This is not useful and has been abandoned for too long. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:05, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basic Ancient Greek]] == Abandoned for many years; very little actual content; only real contributor was an IP whose last edit was in 2015. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:37, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:06, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender Game Engine for Morons]] == Abandoned for at least a decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:41, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[BOINC]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content; unclear scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:43, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Open View NNM Exam Guide]] == One page only; abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. [[w:HP OpenView|HP OpenView]] no longer exists as a product (and its successor HP Network Management Center has been discontinued as well!); neither does HP's certification exam for it. There's certainly no purpose in writing a new guide for a nonexistent exam for a obsolete product. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:54, 23 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Games]] == Abandoned for ~1 decade; little to no meaningful content; one paragraph in entire book; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Biochemistry/The Cell]] == <div style="padding:0.5em;">[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|36px|link=]] The following discussion has concluded. Please open a new discussion for any further comments.</div> <div class="collapsible boilerplate metadata" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; margin:0em; padding:10px; border:1px solid #999999;"> <div class="title" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; padding:0px; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"> abandoned and undeveloped and per comments below —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:47, 14 October 2024 (UTC)</span></div> <div class="body" style="text-align:left"> <hr /> Not particularly in scope for the book as it is; content is not particularly meaningful, educational, helpful, or well-developed (e.g. what does it mean for red blood cells to "helps in structure of the body"?) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Even if the strange or outright wrong statements were removed (like describing a cell as "a small particle or organism", or implying that red and white blood cells are the only types of cell!), this sort of very basic explanation would be more at home in an introductory text on biology, not a text on biochemistry which assumes familiarity with these topics. (And indeed, there are much better explanations in books like [[Biology, Answering the Big Questions of Life/Cells]].) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) </div></div> == [[Folktales from the Mon People of Koh Kred]] == Seems to be out of scope, since Wikibooks does not host fiction. –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:29, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:11, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == [[High performance computing]] == Abandoned >1 decade; only contains main page with little content; scope not well-defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 28 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:52, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Doom Modding]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope/path to completion —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:20, 28 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max]] == Abandoned >1 decade; one chapter only, which contains only a handful of sentences. Not enough content and no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{del}} per nom. The only subpage is this: [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max/HDRI Maps]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:51, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages in [[Security+ Certification]] == Both [[Security+ Certification/Threats and Vulnerabilities]] and [[Security+ Certification/Network Security]] seem to be deprecated per @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]]'s recent overhaul; moreover, the pages in question seem to consist entirely of outlinks to Wikipedia. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:32, 3 August 2024 (UTC) == Obsolete Microsoft certification guides == * [[MCSE Server 2003 Certification Core Exams]] (exam 70-290 retired July 2013) * [[Microsoft Certified IT Professional]] (exam 70-444 retired June 2011; exam 70-450 retired July 2015) * [[Microsoft Certified Professional Developer]] (exams 70-526, 70-528, 70-529, 70-547, 70-548 retired June 2011; exams 70-290, 70-536 retired July 2013) These books all correspond to Microsoft certification exams which were retired in 2011-2015, and consist almost entirely of lists of course objectives copied from official course materials. There's almost no original educational content in any of these three books, and it's highly unlikely that they're going to be improved, since the certification exams they correspond to are no longer offered. (Reference for the exam retirement dates is: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/support/retired-certification-exams) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:27, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} per the above; additionally, some of these have very little content at all. Some pages may be candidates for speedy deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[GNU Autoconf]] == Little to no meaningful content, abandoned >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:42, 4 August 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. Nothing particularly salvageable from this. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:07, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Textbook Reviews]] == Very little meaningful educational content; seems like opinion at most? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:45, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Kurdish]] == Very little content at all, no outline or potential for development; abandoned for years. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:46, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:49, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[English-Arabic dictionary]] == Out of scope at Wikibooks since this is already completely covered by Wiktionary. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:49, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{comment}} [[English-Arabic dictionary/Colors in Arabic]] gets a nontrivial amount of traffic (~50 views/day). It'd be nice if we could at least preserve this as a redirect to an equivalent resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * '''Keep''': a book selecting vocabulary into introductory groups is very different from a lexical database such as Wiktionary. In Wiktionary, one does not know where to start learning the vocabulary. Admittedly, the title gives excessively broad scope, so something should probably be done. (The argument with 50 views/day has some force.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Audacity]] == Abandoned 17 years; consists only of paltry introduction. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:43, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - Audacity already has high-quality, freely licensed documentation at https://manual.audacityteam.org/ (and it's even a wiki!). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:57, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Java Logging]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:44, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. All indicated subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:27, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Mercury Programming]] == Abandoned >1 decade; undeveloped (single page only); no scope or plan for expansion/future development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:46, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Mercury Programming/Types]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:26, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Server+ Certification]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content; mostly a few section headers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[NetBeans]] == No meaningful content; chapter list only; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. No subpages; all listed subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Valgrind]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope; no path forward for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:52, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - readers would be much better off with [https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html Valgrind's own quick start guide] (which is even freely licensed). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:32, 18 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Open Religion]] == Original research/soapbox/NPOV; abandoned >1 decade; main page only —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:40, 24 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - out of scope religious/philosophical content similar to [[#Developing a Universal Religion]], but less developed. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:58, 25 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}. For the record, the page starts: "This project is to create an Open Source religion and philosophy, transparent and accessible to all, directed to interest all without discrimination." By the way, I would not mind instead quasi-deleting by moving to userspace of the main author so that anyone can review later what kind of material is being deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:03, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming for the consultant]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:42, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Programming for the consultant/Approaching A New Code Base]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:24, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Metroid]] == Abandoned; main page only; no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:44, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom; could be speedy. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:00, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Radiata Stories]] == Abandoned; little to no meaningful content; one page only with little content; no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The one existing subpage is [[Radiata Stories/Character Recruitment]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:23, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Prehistory of Globalization/Preface]] == Orphaned page; little to no meaningful content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:38, 25 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Dialect]] == Scope unclear; abandoned with no plan for development; little to no meaningful content; most pages qualify for speedy anyway. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 5 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:21, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming Text Adventures In Basic]] == Main page only; abandoned >1 decade; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:17, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom, but I think a change of [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] is needed so that we can delete useless stubs abandoned for a long time. The nominated page cannot be of any use as is. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:59, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[UNIX Basics]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:23, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}: no meaningful content. A bit of meaningful content is in [[Guide to Unix]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:53, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Write a Compiler]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:24, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom: almost no meaningful content. No further reading. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Script Languages Synopsis]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little content; unclear path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:26, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Epicurus]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 13:33, 6 October 2024 (UTC)}} Merging with the other Epicurus page. {{unsigned|TheoYalur}} {{end closed}} === [[Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως)]] === Merging with the other Epicurus page. [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' I'm leaning towards this whole book being deleted. The scope and structure of this book as an educational textbook are unclear and the whole thing seems potentially like original research or an essay. Unless I've missed something, the main editor seems unresponsive to querying and is repeatedly removing the query flags. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:13, 25 September 2024 (UTC) =={{anchor|Network+ Certification}}{{anchor|Security+ Certification}}{{anchor|A+ Certification}} CompTIA Certifications == [[Network+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Network+|Wikiversity]]. [[Security+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Security+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. [[A+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:A+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. De-duplicating work across Wikimedia. Subpages should all be deleted as well. Might be worth leaving a redirect to WV for future users. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:02, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :I centralized at Wikiversity since the projects (as of now) are compendiums of links and resources based on the listed objectives of each exam, sometimes with explicitly suggested 'activities'. Very little in the way of 'book'-like exposition. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:06, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :Thought about leaving a {{tlx|MovedToWikiversity}} but that template has been deleted in the past. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:52, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikiversal generated pages == * [[Wiki Assistant]] * [[User Page Builder]] *: Inexplicably, the links on the main page of this book all point to pages under [[:w:User:Hazel45onnie/User Page Builder]] '''on the English Wikipedia'''. I'm nominating those pages for deletion on enwiki as a separate process ([[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikiversuite pages|here]]). * [[WikiverSuite/Wikiversant/Gunport Builder Demo 1]] * [[Wiki Tutorial]] *: Some of the internal links in this book are written as if the book is named [[Tutorial]] instead of [[Wiki Tutorial]]. You may have to use [[Special:Prefixindex/Wiki Tutorial]] to read through the whole thing. These books were all generated using Wikiversal, a third-party wiki editing tool written by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer downloadable. Many of them contain broken internal links or other outdated content (like references to Wikiversity being a subproject of Wikibooks), and the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them unreasonably difficult to edit. (As as aside, the markup used for these "presentations" is completely broken on the mobile site, e.g. [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_Page_Builder]. For some reason, the forward/back buttons are invisible, making it impossible to navigate from page to page.) The first three books are all instructions on how to use Wikiversal itself. Since it's no longer available, they are of no use. The fourth, while described as a "Wiki tutorial", primarily instructs users to use Wikiversal to build pages on the wiki; its main page should probably be redirected to [[Using Wikibooks]] as a much more comprehensive resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:44, 20 September 2024 (UTC) ::It isn't inexplicable that these pages and links are on the English Wikipedia. The spammers who developed these pages were primarily trying to peddle software for use on the English Wikipedia. Their pages on the English Wikipedia are also pending deletion as misusing Wikipedia for web hosting. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC) :::Based on the name and some of the user's (now deleted) activity on Wikiversity, I think the software was actually intended primarily for use on Wikibooks and/or Wikiversity. Why they decided to host some of its documentation on Wikipedia is a mystery. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:52, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::::It isn't worth trying to explain the behavior of spammers. Sometimes the explanation is stupidity and greed. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:05, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::<del>I haven't yet looked at the deletion request here. I am primarily an English Wikipedia editor, just as [[User:Omphalographer]] is primarily a Commons editor. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)</del> *'''Delete All''' - Spam. These books were created twelve years ago to peddle software to new users. This was an abuse of Wikimedia for commercial purposes. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:51, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]] == Much like the Wikiversal pages nominated above, this book is documentation for a piece of self-authored software by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer available for download. I can't find any substantial references to this software anywhere online outside of this book itself, so it seems highly unlikely to be useful to anyone. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per the above. If the software is not currently available and was never widely available or notable previously, I don't see why keeping it is useful, even for historicity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:36, 20 September 2024 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - This is more spam by a spammer. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:17, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Roblox WF Wars]] == No textual content at all, just a couple of tables of data. I can't find any other information online about this game; for all we know, it may not even exist. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:30, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' as stated above. The content is so minimal, and the scope is not defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 20 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == : [[Alo, Jonathan!]] : [[Bune Ğonatan!]] : [[Dag, Jonathan!]] : [[Glidis, o Jonathan!]] : [[Hai, Jon!]] : [[Hallo, Jonathan!]] : [[Haloo, Jonatan!]] : [[Hay, Jonathan!]] : [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)]] : [[Hej, Jonathan!]] : [[Hela, Jonathan!]] : [[Holo, Jonathan!]] : [[Oila, Jonatan!]] : [[Salam, Jonathan!]] : [[Salom, Jonatan!]] : [[Salu, Jon!]] : [[Salut Jonathan!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)]] : [[Salut, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, ionatano!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan!]] : [[Sesan Jon!]] : [[Simi, Jonathan!]] : [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]] : [[Terve, Jonathan!]] : [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!]] : [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!]] : [[Òla, Ionatà!]] There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. :[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine :How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::Hi! :::Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. :::So the idea is the following: :::1 Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::2 The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::3 For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::4 The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. :::Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. :::[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. ::::Cheers! –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::::Hello again, :::::It's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::[[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::Keep. Content of educational value that helps learn languages. I think more translations to natural languages should be produced. -[[User:Bronto Rex|Bronto Rex]] ([[User talk:Bronto Rex|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bronto Rex|contribs]]) 14:02, 11 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Wooden Boats: Building and Repair]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; a few pages, but each has only a few lines of text. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stellar Scintillation]] == Extremely narrow scope that I don't think is quite book-worthy, especially given the low amount of content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Future Teachers Meet Wiki]] == Abandoned; scope doesn't seem right for Wikibooks; underdeveloped. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this feels like it was an attempt to use Wikibooks to organize a university project and collect student writings; even if it had made more progress, it's not clear that the outcome would have been a textbook. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[East Indian Marathi]] == Abandoned >1 decade, almost no content at all, simple dictionary that should probably be transferred to Wiktionary if it hasn't already. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * '''Delete''' per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Spanish]] == Abandoned 2 decades; seems like an idea for a book that was never actually implemented (minimal meaningful content) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:55, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Luxembourgish]] == Abandoned; only non-main page is a list of movies—otherwise no meaningful content [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Data Recovery]] == Seems out of scope for an educational book; a couple paragraphs at most with no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:58, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is a worthy topic, but what's written here meanders between being vague and being actively bad advice. (The <code>strings</code> command is not an appropriate data recovery tool.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Competitive Programming]] == Survived deletion previously on the justification that it could potentially be expanded, but it's since been over a decade with no improvement; extremely minimal educational content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:03, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:TheoYalur]] == * [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] * [[The Sight and Sound of the Greek Genocide Around the Kültürpark in Izmir]] * [[God Disorder]] These pages all appear to be personal essays, not educational texts. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:53, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :They are all original research. The editor asked to be unblocked so they could move to Wikiversity where OR is permitted. As they have now returned to creating these dubious pages, I have blocked them again and deleted the most recent creation as out of scope original research. The "reader" might be acceptable. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I'm not sure about [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] since it has NPOV issues and it reads like a self-published essay piece with personal hypothesizing/opinion/research, no references, etc. Its educational scope is still somewhat unclear, as is the structure—it does not seem textbook-like in form or style. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:43, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :::You spent more time reading it than me I suspect. I only skimmed it, but I am sure you are right that it has the same issues as the other creations and should be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:14, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::::With regard to the "Reader", at best it's a collection of loosely translated excerpts of texts which, for the most part, already have quality translations available on Wikisource. For instance, the section [[Henri Poincaré Reader#The Measure of Time (1898)]] is already translated as [[:s:The Foundations of Science/The Value of Science/Chapter 2]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:39, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[User:גני טווילרי]] == Please delete a redirection page of the former user page, which was not active in the En Wikibooks. Thank you. [[User:לובר|לובר]] ([[User talk:לובר|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/לובר|contribs]]) 02:15, 16 October 2024 (UTC) :{{re|לובר}} {{done}} though in the future please use {{tl|speedy}} for such deletions. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:53, 16 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management]] == As best I can tell, this was intended at one point to be an internal resource for employees of an ODU (Old Dominion University) career office; what little of it exists is primarily focused on minutae irrelevant to anyone outside that office, like [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Oriented/How we do it|who to email to schedule an information session]] or a collection of [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Up-to-Date/CAP Meeting|meeting notes]]. It's also all been essentially untouched since 2007. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:49, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per stated reasoning —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Golf]] == Extremely minimal content; educational/book scope is unclear; abandoned for >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Counterterror Joint Command]] == Unclear how this falls into WB scope—doesn't seem to be an educational book, and educational scope is undefined; abandoned as well —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:17, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is perplexing; it's written like a policy proposal on behalf of an agency, not a textbook. From context I ''think'' it's about the [[:w:National Police Agency (Taiwan)]], but it's entirely unclear whether this was intended as an official report or some sort of weird fan fiction. Either way, it doesn't belong here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:31, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Flight Attendant Manual]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; consists only of a list of country codes and the phonetic alphabet. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[History of the ODU Art Department]] == A collection of fragmentary biographies and interviews of members of the ODU (Old Dominion University) art department. Some of these are individually interesting, I guess, but they don't really add up to a history of the department, let alone to an instructional text. Most editing activity appears to have been around 2008-09; there's almost no activity since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Making Neon Signs]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Was imported from WP (as the nominator suspected) and is still just a WP article, not a textbook. Out of scope and abandoned. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:31, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Seems just like an imported WP article; educational book scope unclear; abandoned for years —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Stone Masonry]] == Abandoned >1 decade; educational scope unclear; minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this reads almost like a speech thanking stonemasons for their work; there's no substantial information here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:08, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Understanding the National Certificate of Educational Achievement]] == Scope unclear; very little content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:30, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Release Management]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; very little content; unclear what its scope as a book is —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Management for IT Professionals]] == Minimal content; book scope unclear; abandoned almost 2 decades —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Living in Bangkok]] == Minimal content; consists of single chapter that contains likely outdated information —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:14, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Limburgish]] == Abandoned; single chapter with minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :In general, I think deletion not solve anything. While the contents is minimal, it's still better than nothing at all. Rather, an invitation should be made to expand on it. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ooswesthoesbes|contribs]]) 06:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]! While I understand your perspective, I unfortunately disagree. Wikibooks has a huge number of abandoned stubs like this one, which I think results in clutter and makes the entire project less useful as a result. Due to their nature and structure, books require a greater committed investment to make than, say, WP articles, and these little scraps are rarely developed here. This book has had plenty of opportunity for expansion since you started it over a decade ago, but nobody has actually made any effort to do so. Based on the evidence from the past decade, when weighing the likelihood of the book being properly developed going forward versus the active negative impact of its continued presence in this state, I favor deletion. Moreover, in the rare case that someone came along later and wanted to revive this book specifically, it could be undeleted. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:55, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Introduction to BASIC]] == Consists only of a few paragraphs and then a compilation of links —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Media Vault]] == Book-like scope is unclear; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:35, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - how-to content isn't necessarily out of scope, but this only describes how to perform a single (fairly straightforward) task, for a product which has been off the market for ~15 years and is unlikely to be of interest to future editors. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:02, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[GUI Design Principles]] == Single page that was never properly integrated into a book as it should have been —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:37, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender 3D: Game-making in Blender]] == Obsolete book with almost no content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:38, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basketball]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; doesn't contain much beyond what you'd find in a WP article —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:41, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Bug Free Programming]] == Unclear how exactly this constitutes an educational book; scope is unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:45, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Wow, I didn't even remember this one. I think it's perfectly clear how this is educational and the scope couldn't be clearer, either, but I'm not going to finish it so go ahead and delete it. [[User:Főszerkesztő Úr|Főszerkesztő Úr]] ([[User talk:Főszerkesztő Úr|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Főszerkesztő Úr|contribs]]) 12:35, 23 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Citroën XM]] == Abandoned >1 decade; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Happiness]] == Significant NPOV issues; not much content; abandoned for >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:58, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Islamic Studies Grade 1]] == Abandoned >1 decade with very little content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:03, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - the table of contents makes it clear that this book was intended to house POV religious content (e.g. a chapter titled "Allah Is The One"). This is incompatible with [[WB:NPOV]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Austrian German]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; scope not well outlined, main page only; minimal content insufficient for book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) 9roy6gdgbbsg00u7zgozttvg53qo24g 4442372 4442371 2024-10-24T15:41:04Z MarcGarver 134830 /* Remembering the Templars */ keep 4442372 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{Requests for deletion/Archives}} {{Requests for deletion/Using Template:Icon}} {{clear}} = Undeletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} ==[[City Of Heroes]]== {{closed|Was undeleted —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} A book that was deleted when strategy guides were not allowed. See discussion -<span style="background:yellow;>User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 <span style="color:blue span> 17:13, 12 November 2022 (UTC)</span></span> :This book was deleted about 16 years ago and only one page had a significant amount of content. It could all be undeleted but would probably be better re-made from scratch.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 01:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC) ::'''Undeleted it''' with many first-level subpages. Yet [[City Of Heroes/Archetypes]], [[City Of Heroes/Powers]], [[City Of Heroes/General Help]], [[City Of Heroes/Enhancements]], [[City Of Heroes/Binds]] and [[City Of Heroes/Badges]] have even more subpages to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC) :::'''Undeleted''' many subpages of the above subpages, less obviously useless versions. Yet any administrators are hereby advised to check [[Special:Undelete]] for more to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 21:52, 21 August 2023 (UTC) :Remaking this content from scratch might be difficult - the game shut down in 2012. There's a small community of users running private servers based on leaked source code (!), but far fewer than when the game was active. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 26 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Mass undeletion of books that were deleted when strategy guides were not allowed.]]== {{closed|Not done —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Couldn't we just mass undelete these books? [[User:Garfieldcat1978|Garfieldcat1978]] ([[User talk:Garfieldcat1978|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Garfieldcat1978|contribs]]) 18:25, 20 February 2023 (UTC) Letting bot archive as needed. :Listing which works would be much better.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:51, 19 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} ==Requesting for undeletion of the page "Jumarkese"== {{closed|Not restored —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Hi, I just want to ask the administrators to restore my deleted page, "Jumarkese". I am begging you, I hope you will forgive me. Actually, I just noticed today that you deleted my page. I don't know your reasons why you did that. But I hope you can grant my request to restore my deleted page "Jumarkese" as soon as possible. Thank you. [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 16:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]]. You can see the reasoning under the corresponding section below. It consisted of original research, which is out of scope at Wikibooks, and this type of decision is precedented. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:54, 17 April 2024 (UTC) ::What do you mean by original research? [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 06:12, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :See [[Wikibooks:Original research]]. Neither Wikibooks nor Wikipedia allow original research.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 07:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} = Deletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} {{clear}} <!-- New nominations go at the bottom of page --> == [[The Computer Revolution/Computers and Environment/Nanotechnology]] == {{closed|1=Consensus to delete. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:58, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} Consists of excerpts from third parties. Those from ''New Scientist'', do not appear to be under a compatible licence. {{Unsigned|Mbrickn|07:33, 10 January 2023‎}} :I'm not sure it's enough of a violation for deletion? Based on a [https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikibooks&title=The+Computer+Revolution%2FComputers+and+Environment%2FNanotechnology&oldid=&action=search&use_engine=1&use_links=1&turnitin=0 copyvio comparison], the text seems mostly paraphrased. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:44, 10 January 2023 (UTC) :{{vd}} The content of this page is ''entirely'' quotes and summaries of articles. The opening is a copy-paste quote of the linked Rice University page, the "examples of nanomaterials" are taken from [[doi:10.1021/es0506509]] (or, more likely, from another article summarizing it), and the two paragraphs following that are inaccurate summaries of the (already pop-science) ''New Scientist'' articles cited. There's no original content here whatsoever, and I'm not even sure how any of this is related to the overall topic of "the computer revolution" - these articles are about chemistry, not computing. :This entire book is in pretty bad shape, frankly. Everything about it has the look of a class project where each student picked (or was assigned) a topic to write about individually, and their work was combined into a book. The results lack both coherence and quality, and I'm having a hard time seeing how this could ever be fixed short of throwing it all out and starting over. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:08, 14 August 2024 (UTC) ::After taking another look at the page, I now agree that it at least should be deleted. The content is not useful or coherent, and has issues as described above. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:19, 14 August 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Dynamical Systems]] == This seems to be abandoned book, the only content is largly vacuous. I don't believe it is likely to be extended or worked on because it is both a technical topic, and represents to original author's goals for such a book (graduate level vs undergraduate). [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 20:46, 23 February 2023 (UTC) :It does seem abandoned; the single existing page hasn't been updated since 2018 and the main book page hasn't been updated since 2019. Unless someone quickly decides to pick up on it, I can't really see it staying here at Wikibooks :/ —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ::Hello there, ::currently I'm working over at the German page, because I have begun to work with a new, more intuitive terminology. My current plan is to first finish the German version and then possibly to translate it. To finish the German version will take at least until the end of this year. Until then, you shouldn't expect any progress. Afterwards, I may feel inclined to pick up the project, depending on my human rights situation. --[[User:Mathmensch|Mathmensch]] ([[User talk:Mathmensch|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mathmensch|contribs]]) 09:26, 8 April 2023 (UTC) == Files from [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)]] == {{closed|1=Deleted for lack of a valid NFCC. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Used for decorative, not educational, purposes: [[:File:Float 13.jpg]], [[:File:Grabbed Frame 15.jpg]], [[:File:Gandof.jpg]], [[:File:Ohalland.jpg]], [[:File:Braskascan1.jpg]], [[:File:Tidus FFX.png]] ([[WB:NFCC]]#8). — Ирука<sup>[[user:Iruka13|13]]</sup> 13:54, 17 July 2023 (UTC) :Sure, I think I can agree on the removal of these [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:24, 22 July 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Radium SmartChain]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:48, 23 July 2024 (UTC)}} including the closely related books: * [[XRADON Supernet]] * [[Radium Core]] These books are a borderline advertisement for a cryptocurrency project. Moreover, the project has changed substantially since the books were written in 2016-2017 - it's now called "Validity", and most, if not all, of the information in these books is no longer accurate. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 06:39, 21 October 2023 (UTC) :{{comment}} I'm not sure it's blatant enough to be considered advertising? Since it technically is a how-to? But, if it is out of date, that could warrant deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Hence "borderline". Some of the subpages like [[Radium Core/Use Cases/Proof of Author]] have more of a promotional air to them. But yes, the instructional content is all badly out of date; there are edits [[Special:Diff/3554520|as far back as 2019]] from users trying to mark the books as being outdated, and it's only gotten worse since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:16, 24 October 2023 (UTC) :{{del}} If it wasn't outdated, I would vote keep, but... [[User:ForTheGrammar|ForTheGrammar]] ([[User talk:ForTheGrammar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ForTheGrammar|contribs]]) 01:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Various pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == {{closed|1=consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:38, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} The following pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] seem out of scope because they consist entirely of personal promotion/advertisement for the author's photography: * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians II]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Lights of Moscow]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Ethiopia through the eyes of traveler]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/On the roads of India]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/14 days in Mongolia]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Uganda: tribes and civilization]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Tribes of Kenya]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:13, 25 February 2024 (UTC) :Frankly, the entire book appears to be a vehicle for the author to promote his own photography. The few sentences of instructional content on pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in macro photography]] are practically useless; that one amounts to "to take macro photos, set your camera to macro mode and hold it close to the subject, or read another book for more information". Other pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Interior photography in hobo tours]] or [[Basics of fine-art photography/Taking pictures of homeless people]] provide essentially no information on photography technique at all, and seem to mostly be intended as jumping-off points to showcase more of the author's photos. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:40, 11 March 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[History of Grand-Popo]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:11, 22 September 2024 (UTC)}} Suited for enWP not WB, appears to be a simple import with no likely development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:28, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Lists and links are not a textbook. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:01, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} This book is essentially a compilation of lists and links—I don't think it's actually in-scope here as a book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Selected Essays]] == {{closed|1=Deleted}} Seems completely out of WB scope; it's just a collection of unrelated personal essays. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:52, 1 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} Agreed, personal essays and not ones that can easily be used, at that. [[User:Icandostuff|<span style="color:Red">I</span> <span style="color:Yellow">can</span> <span style="color:Lime">do</span> <span style="color:#00ffff">stuff</span><span style="color:Blue">!</span> ]] ([[User talk:Icandostuff|talk]]) 12:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Remembering the Templars]] == Seems to be pretty much an encyclopedic article about the Knights Templar, which makes it out of scope; enormous amount of links to enWP and may even just be an import. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC) *'''Keep'''. This is one of [[User:Panic2k4|Panic2k4's]] books, not a WP import. They remain an active, if sporadic, contributor and may well return to this in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:41, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Half-Life Computation]] == Doesn't seem in-scope as a book—just seems like a single page on how to do a specific calculation. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[God and Religious Toleration]] == This book was [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/God and Religious Toleration|previously nominated for deletion in 2011]], but kept largely because of its theoretical potential for improvement. It's now over a decade later, and no real improvement has been made. The book has the following issues: * A lack of clearly defined educational/instructional scope, structure, or aims overall * A lack of structure in each existing chapter * Significant NPOV and lack-of-evidence/citations I've gone through the book to try to improve it somewhat, but it largely feels like a disorganized dumping ground for a variety of abstract thoughts, many of which are heavily biased. At this point, given the amount of time it has had for improvement and the lack thereof, I don't think it has a place at Wikibooks. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC) :This book is very important in this day and age. Tolerance between religions is important for world peace. Without tolerance, chaos breaks out in the world. We should promote tolerance between religions. If the good guys keep quiet, the bad guys win. Is that what you want? A better way is to simply add a chapter of yours to the book and contribute your suggestions to world peace and the strengthening of love in the world. @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]] ([[User talk:Nobody60|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nobody60|contribs]]) 08:46, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Support deleting as per issues pointed out in nom. @[[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]], there are kilometers between deleting a bad, biased book and supporting religious intolerance or whatever it is you're accusing the nom of doing. Wikibooks is a project with a definite, reachable and concrete goal, which this book doesn't meet, never met and probably would never meet. --[[User:YuriNikolai|YuriNikolai]] ([[User talk:YuriNikolai|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/YuriNikolai|contribs]]) 02:10, 27 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 07:44, 27 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Not only is this material not presented from a neutral point of view, it's not even a mainstream religious POV. Much like [[Developing A Universal Religion]] (also up for deletion), the goal of this text appears to be to create and promote a new syncretic religious movement, complete with its own new beliefs and practices; this is very much outside the scope of Wikibooks. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:24, 3 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} as per [[WB:NOR]]: I am all for religious tolerance but all against religious acquiescence. [[User:Jeaucques Quœure|Jeaucques Quœure]] ([[User talk:Jeaucques Quœure|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jeaucques Quœure|contribs]]) 07:30, 26 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Kashubian Dictionary]] == [[WB:DICT|Out of scope]] here; material should be hosted at Wiktionary (I've [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Information desk/2024/May|suggested it there]]). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC) :Any content in this dictionary should be already be at [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Requested entries (Kashubian)/Kashubian Dictionary]], where we will be able to slowly make entries for these. [[User:Vininn126|Vininn126]] ([[User talk:Vininn126|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vininn126|contribs]]) 21:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Biblioþeke]] == Out of scope; seems to be an incomplete translation of the bible into a conlang. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:16, 29 May 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikis for Retail Store Managers]] == Abandoned, unclear scope, little content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:30, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Human Geography]] == Abandoned for two decades without any development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:50, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The page has a list of chapters/sections, but these are not linked. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:56, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]] == Abandoned, very little meaningful content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Scrapebook Linguistics]] == Abandoned, little to no meaningful content, unclear scope or potential for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:05, 8 June 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - an earlier version of this page was imported to Wikiversity as [[:v:Special:Permalink/15674|Portal:Linguistics]] (and subsequently edited into oblivion). The followup edits here aren't needed at WV. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:22, 25 July 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Be a Good Camp Counselor]] == Book is un/under-developed and abandoned, and the scope/potential for development is somewhat unclear to me. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989/Manual for Obtention of Driving licence: Signals and Lights]] == Abandoned with non-English. Not belonging under [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989]], that Taiwanese administrative regulation since 1989 would not contain such a manual.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 16:55, 4 July 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per above —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 5 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Australian Property Law]] == Has only one page (introduction) with little content. It has been abandoned now for almost 20 years with no development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:35, 10 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Subpages are redlinks except for [[Australian Property Law/Introduction]], which does not save the material. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:09, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Chinese Checkers]] == Extremely minimal content and abandoned for almost 20 years. Was previously nominated for deletion in 2006 but kept on the grounds that it could be expanded—clearly this has not happened. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Niw Englisch]] == Fiction / original research - a conlang being (very slowly) created by the author of the book. The following books are closely related to that project and should be deleted as well: * [[NiwEnglisc]] * [[Þat englisce Alphabet]] * [[Lernung þer Stafræwe]] * [[Þe ettbære Garden]] as well as [[Biblioþeke]], which has already been nominated for deletion. :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' all per the above. I can find no evidence of the conlang outside Wikibooks and this sole author. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Mac OS X Leopard]] == Yet another abandoned, underdeveloped book on an obsolete operating system. (Mac OS X Leopard was released in 2007, and has been unsupported since 2011.) If there were more content in this book, it could possibly be refactored into a version-independent book about macOS, but there's effectively nothing here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 14 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. If it were more fleshed out, it could be kept as archival. However, there's so little there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:47, 24 July 2024 (UTC) == [[3DTin User's Guide]] == Abandoned >1 decade, undeveloped, very little content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:29, 20 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - 3DTin was a web application which [https://3dtin.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/the-next-chapter/ shut down in 2016], so this book no longer serves any purpose, and certainly isn't going to be expanded. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Advanced Calculus]] == Abandoned for many years; consists of only one page for one theorem; no introduction or scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Algebra and Number Theory]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of one page with very little content; no introduction or scope —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Has a list of redlinks for subpages; there is one subpage: [[Algebra and Number Theory/Elementary Number Theory]]. This is not useful and has been abandoned for too long. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:05, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basic Ancient Greek]] == Abandoned for many years; very little actual content; only real contributor was an IP whose last edit was in 2015. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:37, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:06, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender Game Engine for Morons]] == Abandoned for at least a decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:41, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[BOINC]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content; unclear scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:43, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Open View NNM Exam Guide]] == One page only; abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. [[w:HP OpenView|HP OpenView]] no longer exists as a product (and its successor HP Network Management Center has been discontinued as well!); neither does HP's certification exam for it. There's certainly no purpose in writing a new guide for a nonexistent exam for a obsolete product. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:54, 23 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Games]] == Abandoned for ~1 decade; little to no meaningful content; one paragraph in entire book; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Biochemistry/The Cell]] == <div style="padding:0.5em;">[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|36px|link=]] The following discussion has concluded. Please open a new discussion for any further comments.</div> <div class="collapsible boilerplate metadata" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; margin:0em; padding:10px; border:1px solid #999999;"> <div class="title" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; padding:0px; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"> abandoned and undeveloped and per comments below —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:47, 14 October 2024 (UTC)</span></div> <div class="body" style="text-align:left"> <hr /> Not particularly in scope for the book as it is; content is not particularly meaningful, educational, helpful, or well-developed (e.g. what does it mean for red blood cells to "helps in structure of the body"?) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Even if the strange or outright wrong statements were removed (like describing a cell as "a small particle or organism", or implying that red and white blood cells are the only types of cell!), this sort of very basic explanation would be more at home in an introductory text on biology, not a text on biochemistry which assumes familiarity with these topics. (And indeed, there are much better explanations in books like [[Biology, Answering the Big Questions of Life/Cells]].) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) </div></div> == [[Folktales from the Mon People of Koh Kred]] == Seems to be out of scope, since Wikibooks does not host fiction. –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:29, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:11, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == [[High performance computing]] == Abandoned >1 decade; only contains main page with little content; scope not well-defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 28 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:52, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Doom Modding]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope/path to completion —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:20, 28 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max]] == Abandoned >1 decade; one chapter only, which contains only a handful of sentences. Not enough content and no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{del}} per nom. The only subpage is this: [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max/HDRI Maps]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:51, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages in [[Security+ Certification]] == Both [[Security+ Certification/Threats and Vulnerabilities]] and [[Security+ Certification/Network Security]] seem to be deprecated per @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]]'s recent overhaul; moreover, the pages in question seem to consist entirely of outlinks to Wikipedia. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:32, 3 August 2024 (UTC) == Obsolete Microsoft certification guides == * [[MCSE Server 2003 Certification Core Exams]] (exam 70-290 retired July 2013) * [[Microsoft Certified IT Professional]] (exam 70-444 retired June 2011; exam 70-450 retired July 2015) * [[Microsoft Certified Professional Developer]] (exams 70-526, 70-528, 70-529, 70-547, 70-548 retired June 2011; exams 70-290, 70-536 retired July 2013) These books all correspond to Microsoft certification exams which were retired in 2011-2015, and consist almost entirely of lists of course objectives copied from official course materials. There's almost no original educational content in any of these three books, and it's highly unlikely that they're going to be improved, since the certification exams they correspond to are no longer offered. (Reference for the exam retirement dates is: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/support/retired-certification-exams) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:27, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} per the above; additionally, some of these have very little content at all. Some pages may be candidates for speedy deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[GNU Autoconf]] == Little to no meaningful content, abandoned >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:42, 4 August 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. Nothing particularly salvageable from this. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:07, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Textbook Reviews]] == Very little meaningful educational content; seems like opinion at most? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:45, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Kurdish]] == Very little content at all, no outline or potential for development; abandoned for years. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:46, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:49, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[English-Arabic dictionary]] == Out of scope at Wikibooks since this is already completely covered by Wiktionary. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:49, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{comment}} [[English-Arabic dictionary/Colors in Arabic]] gets a nontrivial amount of traffic (~50 views/day). It'd be nice if we could at least preserve this as a redirect to an equivalent resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * '''Keep''': a book selecting vocabulary into introductory groups is very different from a lexical database such as Wiktionary. In Wiktionary, one does not know where to start learning the vocabulary. Admittedly, the title gives excessively broad scope, so something should probably be done. (The argument with 50 views/day has some force.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Audacity]] == Abandoned 17 years; consists only of paltry introduction. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:43, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - Audacity already has high-quality, freely licensed documentation at https://manual.audacityteam.org/ (and it's even a wiki!). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:57, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Java Logging]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:44, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. All indicated subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:27, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Mercury Programming]] == Abandoned >1 decade; undeveloped (single page only); no scope or plan for expansion/future development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:46, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Mercury Programming/Types]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:26, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Server+ Certification]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content; mostly a few section headers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[NetBeans]] == No meaningful content; chapter list only; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. No subpages; all listed subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Valgrind]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope; no path forward for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:52, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - readers would be much better off with [https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html Valgrind's own quick start guide] (which is even freely licensed). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:32, 18 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Open Religion]] == Original research/soapbox/NPOV; abandoned >1 decade; main page only —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:40, 24 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - out of scope religious/philosophical content similar to [[#Developing a Universal Religion]], but less developed. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:58, 25 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}. For the record, the page starts: "This project is to create an Open Source religion and philosophy, transparent and accessible to all, directed to interest all without discrimination." By the way, I would not mind instead quasi-deleting by moving to userspace of the main author so that anyone can review later what kind of material is being deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:03, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming for the consultant]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:42, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Programming for the consultant/Approaching A New Code Base]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:24, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Metroid]] == Abandoned; main page only; no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:44, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom; could be speedy. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:00, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Radiata Stories]] == Abandoned; little to no meaningful content; one page only with little content; no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The one existing subpage is [[Radiata Stories/Character Recruitment]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:23, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Prehistory of Globalization/Preface]] == Orphaned page; little to no meaningful content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:38, 25 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Dialect]] == Scope unclear; abandoned with no plan for development; little to no meaningful content; most pages qualify for speedy anyway. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 5 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:21, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming Text Adventures In Basic]] == Main page only; abandoned >1 decade; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:17, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom, but I think a change of [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] is needed so that we can delete useless stubs abandoned for a long time. The nominated page cannot be of any use as is. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:59, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[UNIX Basics]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:23, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}: no meaningful content. A bit of meaningful content is in [[Guide to Unix]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:53, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Write a Compiler]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:24, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom: almost no meaningful content. No further reading. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Script Languages Synopsis]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little content; unclear path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:26, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Epicurus]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 13:33, 6 October 2024 (UTC)}} Merging with the other Epicurus page. {{unsigned|TheoYalur}} {{end closed}} === [[Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως)]] === Merging with the other Epicurus page. [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' I'm leaning towards this whole book being deleted. The scope and structure of this book as an educational textbook are unclear and the whole thing seems potentially like original research or an essay. Unless I've missed something, the main editor seems unresponsive to querying and is repeatedly removing the query flags. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:13, 25 September 2024 (UTC) =={{anchor|Network+ Certification}}{{anchor|Security+ Certification}}{{anchor|A+ Certification}} CompTIA Certifications == [[Network+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Network+|Wikiversity]]. [[Security+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Security+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. [[A+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:A+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. De-duplicating work across Wikimedia. Subpages should all be deleted as well. Might be worth leaving a redirect to WV for future users. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:02, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :I centralized at Wikiversity since the projects (as of now) are compendiums of links and resources based on the listed objectives of each exam, sometimes with explicitly suggested 'activities'. Very little in the way of 'book'-like exposition. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:06, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :Thought about leaving a {{tlx|MovedToWikiversity}} but that template has been deleted in the past. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:52, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikiversal generated pages == * [[Wiki Assistant]] * [[User Page Builder]] *: Inexplicably, the links on the main page of this book all point to pages under [[:w:User:Hazel45onnie/User Page Builder]] '''on the English Wikipedia'''. I'm nominating those pages for deletion on enwiki as a separate process ([[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikiversuite pages|here]]). * [[WikiverSuite/Wikiversant/Gunport Builder Demo 1]] * [[Wiki Tutorial]] *: Some of the internal links in this book are written as if the book is named [[Tutorial]] instead of [[Wiki Tutorial]]. You may have to use [[Special:Prefixindex/Wiki Tutorial]] to read through the whole thing. These books were all generated using Wikiversal, a third-party wiki editing tool written by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer downloadable. Many of them contain broken internal links or other outdated content (like references to Wikiversity being a subproject of Wikibooks), and the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them unreasonably difficult to edit. (As as aside, the markup used for these "presentations" is completely broken on the mobile site, e.g. [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_Page_Builder]. For some reason, the forward/back buttons are invisible, making it impossible to navigate from page to page.) The first three books are all instructions on how to use Wikiversal itself. Since it's no longer available, they are of no use. The fourth, while described as a "Wiki tutorial", primarily instructs users to use Wikiversal to build pages on the wiki; its main page should probably be redirected to [[Using Wikibooks]] as a much more comprehensive resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:44, 20 September 2024 (UTC) ::It isn't inexplicable that these pages and links are on the English Wikipedia. The spammers who developed these pages were primarily trying to peddle software for use on the English Wikipedia. Their pages on the English Wikipedia are also pending deletion as misusing Wikipedia for web hosting. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC) :::Based on the name and some of the user's (now deleted) activity on Wikiversity, I think the software was actually intended primarily for use on Wikibooks and/or Wikiversity. Why they decided to host some of its documentation on Wikipedia is a mystery. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:52, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::::It isn't worth trying to explain the behavior of spammers. Sometimes the explanation is stupidity and greed. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:05, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::<del>I haven't yet looked at the deletion request here. I am primarily an English Wikipedia editor, just as [[User:Omphalographer]] is primarily a Commons editor. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)</del> *'''Delete All''' - Spam. These books were created twelve years ago to peddle software to new users. This was an abuse of Wikimedia for commercial purposes. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:51, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]] == Much like the Wikiversal pages nominated above, this book is documentation for a piece of self-authored software by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer available for download. I can't find any substantial references to this software anywhere online outside of this book itself, so it seems highly unlikely to be useful to anyone. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per the above. If the software is not currently available and was never widely available or notable previously, I don't see why keeping it is useful, even for historicity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:36, 20 September 2024 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - This is more spam by a spammer. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:17, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Roblox WF Wars]] == No textual content at all, just a couple of tables of data. I can't find any other information online about this game; for all we know, it may not even exist. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:30, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' as stated above. The content is so minimal, and the scope is not defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 20 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == : [[Alo, Jonathan!]] : [[Bune Ğonatan!]] : [[Dag, Jonathan!]] : [[Glidis, o Jonathan!]] : [[Hai, Jon!]] : [[Hallo, Jonathan!]] : [[Haloo, Jonatan!]] : [[Hay, Jonathan!]] : [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)]] : [[Hej, Jonathan!]] : [[Hela, Jonathan!]] : [[Holo, Jonathan!]] : [[Oila, Jonatan!]] : [[Salam, Jonathan!]] : [[Salom, Jonatan!]] : [[Salu, Jon!]] : [[Salut Jonathan!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)]] : [[Salut, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, ionatano!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan!]] : [[Sesan Jon!]] : [[Simi, Jonathan!]] : [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]] : [[Terve, Jonathan!]] : [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!]] : [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!]] : [[Òla, Ionatà!]] There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. :[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine :How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::Hi! :::Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. :::So the idea is the following: :::1 Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::2 The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::3 For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::4 The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. :::Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. :::[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. ::::Cheers! –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::::Hello again, :::::It's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::[[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::Keep. Content of educational value that helps learn languages. I think more translations to natural languages should be produced. -[[User:Bronto Rex|Bronto Rex]] ([[User talk:Bronto Rex|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bronto Rex|contribs]]) 14:02, 11 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Wooden Boats: Building and Repair]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; a few pages, but each has only a few lines of text. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stellar Scintillation]] == Extremely narrow scope that I don't think is quite book-worthy, especially given the low amount of content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Future Teachers Meet Wiki]] == Abandoned; scope doesn't seem right for Wikibooks; underdeveloped. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this feels like it was an attempt to use Wikibooks to organize a university project and collect student writings; even if it had made more progress, it's not clear that the outcome would have been a textbook. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[East Indian Marathi]] == Abandoned >1 decade, almost no content at all, simple dictionary that should probably be transferred to Wiktionary if it hasn't already. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * '''Delete''' per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Spanish]] == Abandoned 2 decades; seems like an idea for a book that was never actually implemented (minimal meaningful content) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:55, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Luxembourgish]] == Abandoned; only non-main page is a list of movies—otherwise no meaningful content [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Data Recovery]] == Seems out of scope for an educational book; a couple paragraphs at most with no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:58, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is a worthy topic, but what's written here meanders between being vague and being actively bad advice. (The <code>strings</code> command is not an appropriate data recovery tool.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Competitive Programming]] == Survived deletion previously on the justification that it could potentially be expanded, but it's since been over a decade with no improvement; extremely minimal educational content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:03, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:TheoYalur]] == * [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] * [[The Sight and Sound of the Greek Genocide Around the Kültürpark in Izmir]] * [[God Disorder]] These pages all appear to be personal essays, not educational texts. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:53, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :They are all original research. The editor asked to be unblocked so they could move to Wikiversity where OR is permitted. As they have now returned to creating these dubious pages, I have blocked them again and deleted the most recent creation as out of scope original research. The "reader" might be acceptable. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I'm not sure about [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] since it has NPOV issues and it reads like a self-published essay piece with personal hypothesizing/opinion/research, no references, etc. Its educational scope is still somewhat unclear, as is the structure—it does not seem textbook-like in form or style. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:43, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :::You spent more time reading it than me I suspect. I only skimmed it, but I am sure you are right that it has the same issues as the other creations and should be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:14, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::::With regard to the "Reader", at best it's a collection of loosely translated excerpts of texts which, for the most part, already have quality translations available on Wikisource. For instance, the section [[Henri Poincaré Reader#The Measure of Time (1898)]] is already translated as [[:s:The Foundations of Science/The Value of Science/Chapter 2]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:39, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[User:גני טווילרי]] == Please delete a redirection page of the former user page, which was not active in the En Wikibooks. Thank you. [[User:לובר|לובר]] ([[User talk:לובר|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/לובר|contribs]]) 02:15, 16 October 2024 (UTC) :{{re|לובר}} {{done}} though in the future please use {{tl|speedy}} for such deletions. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:53, 16 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management]] == As best I can tell, this was intended at one point to be an internal resource for employees of an ODU (Old Dominion University) career office; what little of it exists is primarily focused on minutae irrelevant to anyone outside that office, like [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Oriented/How we do it|who to email to schedule an information session]] or a collection of [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Up-to-Date/CAP Meeting|meeting notes]]. It's also all been essentially untouched since 2007. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:49, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per stated reasoning —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Golf]] == Extremely minimal content; educational/book scope is unclear; abandoned for >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Counterterror Joint Command]] == Unclear how this falls into WB scope—doesn't seem to be an educational book, and educational scope is undefined; abandoned as well —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:17, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is perplexing; it's written like a policy proposal on behalf of an agency, not a textbook. From context I ''think'' it's about the [[:w:National Police Agency (Taiwan)]], but it's entirely unclear whether this was intended as an official report or some sort of weird fan fiction. Either way, it doesn't belong here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:31, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Flight Attendant Manual]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; consists only of a list of country codes and the phonetic alphabet. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[History of the ODU Art Department]] == A collection of fragmentary biographies and interviews of members of the ODU (Old Dominion University) art department. Some of these are individually interesting, I guess, but they don't really add up to a history of the department, let alone to an instructional text. Most editing activity appears to have been around 2008-09; there's almost no activity since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Making Neon Signs]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Was imported from WP (as the nominator suspected) and is still just a WP article, not a textbook. Out of scope and abandoned. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:31, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Seems just like an imported WP article; educational book scope unclear; abandoned for years —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Stone Masonry]] == Abandoned >1 decade; educational scope unclear; minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this reads almost like a speech thanking stonemasons for their work; there's no substantial information here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:08, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Understanding the National Certificate of Educational Achievement]] == Scope unclear; very little content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:30, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Release Management]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; very little content; unclear what its scope as a book is —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Management for IT Professionals]] == Minimal content; book scope unclear; abandoned almost 2 decades —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Living in Bangkok]] == Minimal content; consists of single chapter that contains likely outdated information —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:14, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Limburgish]] == Abandoned; single chapter with minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :In general, I think deletion not solve anything. While the contents is minimal, it's still better than nothing at all. Rather, an invitation should be made to expand on it. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ooswesthoesbes|contribs]]) 06:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]! While I understand your perspective, I unfortunately disagree. Wikibooks has a huge number of abandoned stubs like this one, which I think results in clutter and makes the entire project less useful as a result. Due to their nature and structure, books require a greater committed investment to make than, say, WP articles, and these little scraps are rarely developed here. This book has had plenty of opportunity for expansion since you started it over a decade ago, but nobody has actually made any effort to do so. Based on the evidence from the past decade, when weighing the likelihood of the book being properly developed going forward versus the active negative impact of its continued presence in this state, I favor deletion. Moreover, in the rare case that someone came along later and wanted to revive this book specifically, it could be undeleted. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:55, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Introduction to BASIC]] == Consists only of a few paragraphs and then a compilation of links —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Media Vault]] == Book-like scope is unclear; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:35, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - how-to content isn't necessarily out of scope, but this only describes how to perform a single (fairly straightforward) task, for a product which has been off the market for ~15 years and is unlikely to be of interest to future editors. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:02, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[GUI Design Principles]] == Single page that was never properly integrated into a book as it should have been —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:37, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender 3D: Game-making in Blender]] == Obsolete book with almost no content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:38, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basketball]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; doesn't contain much beyond what you'd find in a WP article —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:41, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Bug Free Programming]] == Unclear how exactly this constitutes an educational book; scope is unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:45, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Wow, I didn't even remember this one. I think it's perfectly clear how this is educational and the scope couldn't be clearer, either, but I'm not going to finish it so go ahead and delete it. [[User:Főszerkesztő Úr|Főszerkesztő Úr]] ([[User talk:Főszerkesztő Úr|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Főszerkesztő Úr|contribs]]) 12:35, 23 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Citroën XM]] == Abandoned >1 decade; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Happiness]] == Significant NPOV issues; not much content; abandoned for >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:58, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Islamic Studies Grade 1]] == Abandoned >1 decade with very little content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:03, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - the table of contents makes it clear that this book was intended to house POV religious content (e.g. a chapter titled "Allah Is The One"). This is incompatible with [[WB:NPOV]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Austrian German]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; scope not well outlined, main page only; minimal content insufficient for book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) sk8cyvoany8bzc0zz4h0wmhag01ui8a 4442374 4442372 2024-10-24T15:45:06Z MarcGarver 134830 /* God and Religious Toleration */ 4442374 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{Requests for deletion/Archives}} {{Requests for deletion/Using Template:Icon}} {{clear}} = Undeletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} ==[[City Of Heroes]]== {{closed|Was undeleted —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} A book that was deleted when strategy guides were not allowed. See discussion -<span style="background:yellow;>User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 <span style="color:blue span> 17:13, 12 November 2022 (UTC)</span></span> :This book was deleted about 16 years ago and only one page had a significant amount of content. It could all be undeleted but would probably be better re-made from scratch.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 01:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC) ::'''Undeleted it''' with many first-level subpages. Yet [[City Of Heroes/Archetypes]], [[City Of Heroes/Powers]], [[City Of Heroes/General Help]], [[City Of Heroes/Enhancements]], [[City Of Heroes/Binds]] and [[City Of Heroes/Badges]] have even more subpages to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC) :::'''Undeleted''' many subpages of the above subpages, less obviously useless versions. Yet any administrators are hereby advised to check [[Special:Undelete]] for more to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 21:52, 21 August 2023 (UTC) :Remaking this content from scratch might be difficult - the game shut down in 2012. There's a small community of users running private servers based on leaked source code (!), but far fewer than when the game was active. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 26 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Mass undeletion of books that were deleted when strategy guides were not allowed.]]== {{closed|Not done —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Couldn't we just mass undelete these books? [[User:Garfieldcat1978|Garfieldcat1978]] ([[User talk:Garfieldcat1978|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Garfieldcat1978|contribs]]) 18:25, 20 February 2023 (UTC) Letting bot archive as needed. :Listing which works would be much better.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:51, 19 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} ==Requesting for undeletion of the page "Jumarkese"== {{closed|Not restored —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Hi, I just want to ask the administrators to restore my deleted page, "Jumarkese". I am begging you, I hope you will forgive me. Actually, I just noticed today that you deleted my page. I don't know your reasons why you did that. But I hope you can grant my request to restore my deleted page "Jumarkese" as soon as possible. Thank you. [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 16:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]]. You can see the reasoning under the corresponding section below. It consisted of original research, which is out of scope at Wikibooks, and this type of decision is precedented. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:54, 17 April 2024 (UTC) ::What do you mean by original research? [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 06:12, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :See [[Wikibooks:Original research]]. Neither Wikibooks nor Wikipedia allow original research.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 07:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} = Deletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} {{clear}} <!-- New nominations go at the bottom of page --> == [[The Computer Revolution/Computers and Environment/Nanotechnology]] == {{closed|1=Consensus to delete. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:58, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} Consists of excerpts from third parties. Those from ''New Scientist'', do not appear to be under a compatible licence. {{Unsigned|Mbrickn|07:33, 10 January 2023‎}} :I'm not sure it's enough of a violation for deletion? Based on a [https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikibooks&title=The+Computer+Revolution%2FComputers+and+Environment%2FNanotechnology&oldid=&action=search&use_engine=1&use_links=1&turnitin=0 copyvio comparison], the text seems mostly paraphrased. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:44, 10 January 2023 (UTC) :{{vd}} The content of this page is ''entirely'' quotes and summaries of articles. The opening is a copy-paste quote of the linked Rice University page, the "examples of nanomaterials" are taken from [[doi:10.1021/es0506509]] (or, more likely, from another article summarizing it), and the two paragraphs following that are inaccurate summaries of the (already pop-science) ''New Scientist'' articles cited. There's no original content here whatsoever, and I'm not even sure how any of this is related to the overall topic of "the computer revolution" - these articles are about chemistry, not computing. :This entire book is in pretty bad shape, frankly. Everything about it has the look of a class project where each student picked (or was assigned) a topic to write about individually, and their work was combined into a book. The results lack both coherence and quality, and I'm having a hard time seeing how this could ever be fixed short of throwing it all out and starting over. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:08, 14 August 2024 (UTC) ::After taking another look at the page, I now agree that it at least should be deleted. The content is not useful or coherent, and has issues as described above. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:19, 14 August 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Dynamical Systems]] == This seems to be abandoned book, the only content is largly vacuous. I don't believe it is likely to be extended or worked on because it is both a technical topic, and represents to original author's goals for such a book (graduate level vs undergraduate). [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 20:46, 23 February 2023 (UTC) :It does seem abandoned; the single existing page hasn't been updated since 2018 and the main book page hasn't been updated since 2019. Unless someone quickly decides to pick up on it, I can't really see it staying here at Wikibooks :/ —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ::Hello there, ::currently I'm working over at the German page, because I have begun to work with a new, more intuitive terminology. My current plan is to first finish the German version and then possibly to translate it. To finish the German version will take at least until the end of this year. Until then, you shouldn't expect any progress. Afterwards, I may feel inclined to pick up the project, depending on my human rights situation. --[[User:Mathmensch|Mathmensch]] ([[User talk:Mathmensch|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mathmensch|contribs]]) 09:26, 8 April 2023 (UTC) == Files from [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)]] == {{closed|1=Deleted for lack of a valid NFCC. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Used for decorative, not educational, purposes: [[:File:Float 13.jpg]], [[:File:Grabbed Frame 15.jpg]], [[:File:Gandof.jpg]], [[:File:Ohalland.jpg]], [[:File:Braskascan1.jpg]], [[:File:Tidus FFX.png]] ([[WB:NFCC]]#8). — Ирука<sup>[[user:Iruka13|13]]</sup> 13:54, 17 July 2023 (UTC) :Sure, I think I can agree on the removal of these [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:24, 22 July 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Radium SmartChain]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:48, 23 July 2024 (UTC)}} including the closely related books: * [[XRADON Supernet]] * [[Radium Core]] These books are a borderline advertisement for a cryptocurrency project. Moreover, the project has changed substantially since the books were written in 2016-2017 - it's now called "Validity", and most, if not all, of the information in these books is no longer accurate. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 06:39, 21 October 2023 (UTC) :{{comment}} I'm not sure it's blatant enough to be considered advertising? Since it technically is a how-to? But, if it is out of date, that could warrant deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Hence "borderline". Some of the subpages like [[Radium Core/Use Cases/Proof of Author]] have more of a promotional air to them. But yes, the instructional content is all badly out of date; there are edits [[Special:Diff/3554520|as far back as 2019]] from users trying to mark the books as being outdated, and it's only gotten worse since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:16, 24 October 2023 (UTC) :{{del}} If it wasn't outdated, I would vote keep, but... [[User:ForTheGrammar|ForTheGrammar]] ([[User talk:ForTheGrammar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ForTheGrammar|contribs]]) 01:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Various pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == {{closed|1=consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:38, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} The following pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] seem out of scope because they consist entirely of personal promotion/advertisement for the author's photography: * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians II]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Lights of Moscow]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Ethiopia through the eyes of traveler]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/On the roads of India]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/14 days in Mongolia]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Uganda: tribes and civilization]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Tribes of Kenya]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:13, 25 February 2024 (UTC) :Frankly, the entire book appears to be a vehicle for the author to promote his own photography. The few sentences of instructional content on pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in macro photography]] are practically useless; that one amounts to "to take macro photos, set your camera to macro mode and hold it close to the subject, or read another book for more information". Other pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Interior photography in hobo tours]] or [[Basics of fine-art photography/Taking pictures of homeless people]] provide essentially no information on photography technique at all, and seem to mostly be intended as jumping-off points to showcase more of the author's photos. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:40, 11 March 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[History of Grand-Popo]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:11, 22 September 2024 (UTC)}} Suited for enWP not WB, appears to be a simple import with no likely development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:28, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Lists and links are not a textbook. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:01, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} This book is essentially a compilation of lists and links—I don't think it's actually in-scope here as a book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Selected Essays]] == {{closed|1=Deleted}} Seems completely out of WB scope; it's just a collection of unrelated personal essays. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:52, 1 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} Agreed, personal essays and not ones that can easily be used, at that. [[User:Icandostuff|<span style="color:Red">I</span> <span style="color:Yellow">can</span> <span style="color:Lime">do</span> <span style="color:#00ffff">stuff</span><span style="color:Blue">!</span> ]] ([[User talk:Icandostuff|talk]]) 12:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Remembering the Templars]] == Seems to be pretty much an encyclopedic article about the Knights Templar, which makes it out of scope; enormous amount of links to enWP and may even just be an import. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC) *'''Keep'''. This is one of [[User:Panic2k4|Panic2k4's]] books, not a WP import. They remain an active, if sporadic, contributor and may well return to this in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:41, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Half-Life Computation]] == Doesn't seem in-scope as a book—just seems like a single page on how to do a specific calculation. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[God and Religious Toleration]] == {{closed|1=clear consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:45, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} This book was [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/God and Religious Toleration|previously nominated for deletion in 2011]], but kept largely because of its theoretical potential for improvement. It's now over a decade later, and no real improvement has been made. The book has the following issues: * A lack of clearly defined educational/instructional scope, structure, or aims overall * A lack of structure in each existing chapter * Significant NPOV and lack-of-evidence/citations I've gone through the book to try to improve it somewhat, but it largely feels like a disorganized dumping ground for a variety of abstract thoughts, many of which are heavily biased. At this point, given the amount of time it has had for improvement and the lack thereof, I don't think it has a place at Wikibooks. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC) :This book is very important in this day and age. Tolerance between religions is important for world peace. Without tolerance, chaos breaks out in the world. We should promote tolerance between religions. If the good guys keep quiet, the bad guys win. Is that what you want? A better way is to simply add a chapter of yours to the book and contribute your suggestions to world peace and the strengthening of love in the world. @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]] ([[User talk:Nobody60|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nobody60|contribs]]) 08:46, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Support deleting as per issues pointed out in nom. @[[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]], there are kilometers between deleting a bad, biased book and supporting religious intolerance or whatever it is you're accusing the nom of doing. Wikibooks is a project with a definite, reachable and concrete goal, which this book doesn't meet, never met and probably would never meet. --[[User:YuriNikolai|YuriNikolai]] ([[User talk:YuriNikolai|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/YuriNikolai|contribs]]) 02:10, 27 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 07:44, 27 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Not only is this material not presented from a neutral point of view, it's not even a mainstream religious POV. Much like [[Developing A Universal Religion]] (also up for deletion), the goal of this text appears to be to create and promote a new syncretic religious movement, complete with its own new beliefs and practices; this is very much outside the scope of Wikibooks. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:24, 3 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} as per [[WB:NOR]]: I am all for religious tolerance but all against religious acquiescence. [[User:Jeaucques Quœure|Jeaucques Quœure]] ([[User talk:Jeaucques Quœure|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jeaucques Quœure|contribs]]) 07:30, 26 September 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Kashubian Dictionary]] == [[WB:DICT|Out of scope]] here; material should be hosted at Wiktionary (I've [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Information desk/2024/May|suggested it there]]). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC) :Any content in this dictionary should be already be at [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Requested entries (Kashubian)/Kashubian Dictionary]], where we will be able to slowly make entries for these. [[User:Vininn126|Vininn126]] ([[User talk:Vininn126|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vininn126|contribs]]) 21:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Biblioþeke]] == Out of scope; seems to be an incomplete translation of the bible into a conlang. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:16, 29 May 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikis for Retail Store Managers]] == Abandoned, unclear scope, little content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:30, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Human Geography]] == Abandoned for two decades without any development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:50, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The page has a list of chapters/sections, but these are not linked. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:56, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]] == Abandoned, very little meaningful content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Scrapebook Linguistics]] == Abandoned, little to no meaningful content, unclear scope or potential for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:05, 8 June 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - an earlier version of this page was imported to Wikiversity as [[:v:Special:Permalink/15674|Portal:Linguistics]] (and subsequently edited into oblivion). The followup edits here aren't needed at WV. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:22, 25 July 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Be a Good Camp Counselor]] == Book is un/under-developed and abandoned, and the scope/potential for development is somewhat unclear to me. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989/Manual for Obtention of Driving licence: Signals and Lights]] == Abandoned with non-English. Not belonging under [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989]], that Taiwanese administrative regulation since 1989 would not contain such a manual.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 16:55, 4 July 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per above —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 5 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Australian Property Law]] == Has only one page (introduction) with little content. It has been abandoned now for almost 20 years with no development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:35, 10 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Subpages are redlinks except for [[Australian Property Law/Introduction]], which does not save the material. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:09, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Chinese Checkers]] == Extremely minimal content and abandoned for almost 20 years. Was previously nominated for deletion in 2006 but kept on the grounds that it could be expanded—clearly this has not happened. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Niw Englisch]] == Fiction / original research - a conlang being (very slowly) created by the author of the book. The following books are closely related to that project and should be deleted as well: * [[NiwEnglisc]] * [[Þat englisce Alphabet]] * [[Lernung þer Stafræwe]] * [[Þe ettbære Garden]] as well as [[Biblioþeke]], which has already been nominated for deletion. :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' all per the above. I can find no evidence of the conlang outside Wikibooks and this sole author. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Mac OS X Leopard]] == Yet another abandoned, underdeveloped book on an obsolete operating system. (Mac OS X Leopard was released in 2007, and has been unsupported since 2011.) If there were more content in this book, it could possibly be refactored into a version-independent book about macOS, but there's effectively nothing here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 14 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. If it were more fleshed out, it could be kept as archival. However, there's so little there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:47, 24 July 2024 (UTC) == [[3DTin User's Guide]] == Abandoned >1 decade, undeveloped, very little content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:29, 20 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - 3DTin was a web application which [https://3dtin.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/the-next-chapter/ shut down in 2016], so this book no longer serves any purpose, and certainly isn't going to be expanded. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Advanced Calculus]] == Abandoned for many years; consists of only one page for one theorem; no introduction or scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Algebra and Number Theory]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of one page with very little content; no introduction or scope —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Has a list of redlinks for subpages; there is one subpage: [[Algebra and Number Theory/Elementary Number Theory]]. This is not useful and has been abandoned for too long. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:05, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basic Ancient Greek]] == Abandoned for many years; very little actual content; only real contributor was an IP whose last edit was in 2015. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:37, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:06, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender Game Engine for Morons]] == Abandoned for at least a decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:41, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[BOINC]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content; unclear scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:43, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Open View NNM Exam Guide]] == One page only; abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. [[w:HP OpenView|HP OpenView]] no longer exists as a product (and its successor HP Network Management Center has been discontinued as well!); neither does HP's certification exam for it. There's certainly no purpose in writing a new guide for a nonexistent exam for a obsolete product. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:54, 23 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Games]] == Abandoned for ~1 decade; little to no meaningful content; one paragraph in entire book; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Biochemistry/The Cell]] == <div style="padding:0.5em;">[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|36px|link=]] The following discussion has concluded. Please open a new discussion for any further comments.</div> <div class="collapsible boilerplate metadata" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; margin:0em; padding:10px; border:1px solid #999999;"> <div class="title" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; padding:0px; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"> abandoned and undeveloped and per comments below —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:47, 14 October 2024 (UTC)</span></div> <div class="body" style="text-align:left"> <hr /> Not particularly in scope for the book as it is; content is not particularly meaningful, educational, helpful, or well-developed (e.g. what does it mean for red blood cells to "helps in structure of the body"?) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Even if the strange or outright wrong statements were removed (like describing a cell as "a small particle or organism", or implying that red and white blood cells are the only types of cell!), this sort of very basic explanation would be more at home in an introductory text on biology, not a text on biochemistry which assumes familiarity with these topics. (And indeed, there are much better explanations in books like [[Biology, Answering the Big Questions of Life/Cells]].) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) </div></div> == [[Folktales from the Mon People of Koh Kred]] == Seems to be out of scope, since Wikibooks does not host fiction. –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:29, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:11, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == [[High performance computing]] == Abandoned >1 decade; only contains main page with little content; scope not well-defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 28 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:52, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Doom Modding]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope/path to completion —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:20, 28 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max]] == Abandoned >1 decade; one chapter only, which contains only a handful of sentences. Not enough content and no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{del}} per nom. The only subpage is this: [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max/HDRI Maps]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:51, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages in [[Security+ Certification]] == Both [[Security+ Certification/Threats and Vulnerabilities]] and [[Security+ Certification/Network Security]] seem to be deprecated per @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]]'s recent overhaul; moreover, the pages in question seem to consist entirely of outlinks to Wikipedia. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:32, 3 August 2024 (UTC) == Obsolete Microsoft certification guides == * [[MCSE Server 2003 Certification Core Exams]] (exam 70-290 retired July 2013) * [[Microsoft Certified IT Professional]] (exam 70-444 retired June 2011; exam 70-450 retired July 2015) * [[Microsoft Certified Professional Developer]] (exams 70-526, 70-528, 70-529, 70-547, 70-548 retired June 2011; exams 70-290, 70-536 retired July 2013) These books all correspond to Microsoft certification exams which were retired in 2011-2015, and consist almost entirely of lists of course objectives copied from official course materials. There's almost no original educational content in any of these three books, and it's highly unlikely that they're going to be improved, since the certification exams they correspond to are no longer offered. (Reference for the exam retirement dates is: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/support/retired-certification-exams) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:27, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} per the above; additionally, some of these have very little content at all. Some pages may be candidates for speedy deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[GNU Autoconf]] == Little to no meaningful content, abandoned >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:42, 4 August 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. Nothing particularly salvageable from this. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:07, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Textbook Reviews]] == Very little meaningful educational content; seems like opinion at most? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:45, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Kurdish]] == Very little content at all, no outline or potential for development; abandoned for years. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:46, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:49, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[English-Arabic dictionary]] == Out of scope at Wikibooks since this is already completely covered by Wiktionary. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:49, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{comment}} [[English-Arabic dictionary/Colors in Arabic]] gets a nontrivial amount of traffic (~50 views/day). It'd be nice if we could at least preserve this as a redirect to an equivalent resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * '''Keep''': a book selecting vocabulary into introductory groups is very different from a lexical database such as Wiktionary. In Wiktionary, one does not know where to start learning the vocabulary. Admittedly, the title gives excessively broad scope, so something should probably be done. (The argument with 50 views/day has some force.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Audacity]] == Abandoned 17 years; consists only of paltry introduction. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:43, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - Audacity already has high-quality, freely licensed documentation at https://manual.audacityteam.org/ (and it's even a wiki!). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:57, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Java Logging]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:44, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. All indicated subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:27, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Mercury Programming]] == Abandoned >1 decade; undeveloped (single page only); no scope or plan for expansion/future development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:46, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Mercury Programming/Types]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:26, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Server+ Certification]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content; mostly a few section headers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[NetBeans]] == No meaningful content; chapter list only; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. No subpages; all listed subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Valgrind]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope; no path forward for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:52, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - readers would be much better off with [https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html Valgrind's own quick start guide] (which is even freely licensed). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:32, 18 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Open Religion]] == Original research/soapbox/NPOV; abandoned >1 decade; main page only —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:40, 24 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - out of scope religious/philosophical content similar to [[#Developing a Universal Religion]], but less developed. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:58, 25 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}. For the record, the page starts: "This project is to create an Open Source religion and philosophy, transparent and accessible to all, directed to interest all without discrimination." By the way, I would not mind instead quasi-deleting by moving to userspace of the main author so that anyone can review later what kind of material is being deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:03, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming for the consultant]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:42, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Programming for the consultant/Approaching A New Code Base]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:24, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Metroid]] == Abandoned; main page only; no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:44, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom; could be speedy. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:00, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Radiata Stories]] == Abandoned; little to no meaningful content; one page only with little content; no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The one existing subpage is [[Radiata Stories/Character Recruitment]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:23, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Prehistory of Globalization/Preface]] == Orphaned page; little to no meaningful content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:38, 25 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Dialect]] == Scope unclear; abandoned with no plan for development; little to no meaningful content; most pages qualify for speedy anyway. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 5 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:21, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming Text Adventures In Basic]] == Main page only; abandoned >1 decade; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:17, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom, but I think a change of [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] is needed so that we can delete useless stubs abandoned for a long time. The nominated page cannot be of any use as is. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:59, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[UNIX Basics]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:23, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}: no meaningful content. A bit of meaningful content is in [[Guide to Unix]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:53, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Write a Compiler]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:24, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom: almost no meaningful content. No further reading. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Script Languages Synopsis]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little content; unclear path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:26, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Epicurus]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 13:33, 6 October 2024 (UTC)}} Merging with the other Epicurus page. {{unsigned|TheoYalur}} {{end closed}} === [[Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως)]] === Merging with the other Epicurus page. [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' I'm leaning towards this whole book being deleted. The scope and structure of this book as an educational textbook are unclear and the whole thing seems potentially like original research or an essay. Unless I've missed something, the main editor seems unresponsive to querying and is repeatedly removing the query flags. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:13, 25 September 2024 (UTC) =={{anchor|Network+ Certification}}{{anchor|Security+ Certification}}{{anchor|A+ Certification}} CompTIA Certifications == [[Network+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Network+|Wikiversity]]. [[Security+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Security+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. [[A+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:A+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. De-duplicating work across Wikimedia. Subpages should all be deleted as well. Might be worth leaving a redirect to WV for future users. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:02, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :I centralized at Wikiversity since the projects (as of now) are compendiums of links and resources based on the listed objectives of each exam, sometimes with explicitly suggested 'activities'. Very little in the way of 'book'-like exposition. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:06, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :Thought about leaving a {{tlx|MovedToWikiversity}} but that template has been deleted in the past. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:52, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikiversal generated pages == * [[Wiki Assistant]] * [[User Page Builder]] *: Inexplicably, the links on the main page of this book all point to pages under [[:w:User:Hazel45onnie/User Page Builder]] '''on the English Wikipedia'''. I'm nominating those pages for deletion on enwiki as a separate process ([[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikiversuite pages|here]]). * [[WikiverSuite/Wikiversant/Gunport Builder Demo 1]] * [[Wiki Tutorial]] *: Some of the internal links in this book are written as if the book is named [[Tutorial]] instead of [[Wiki Tutorial]]. You may have to use [[Special:Prefixindex/Wiki Tutorial]] to read through the whole thing. These books were all generated using Wikiversal, a third-party wiki editing tool written by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer downloadable. Many of them contain broken internal links or other outdated content (like references to Wikiversity being a subproject of Wikibooks), and the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them unreasonably difficult to edit. (As as aside, the markup used for these "presentations" is completely broken on the mobile site, e.g. [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_Page_Builder]. For some reason, the forward/back buttons are invisible, making it impossible to navigate from page to page.) The first three books are all instructions on how to use Wikiversal itself. Since it's no longer available, they are of no use. The fourth, while described as a "Wiki tutorial", primarily instructs users to use Wikiversal to build pages on the wiki; its main page should probably be redirected to [[Using Wikibooks]] as a much more comprehensive resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:44, 20 September 2024 (UTC) ::It isn't inexplicable that these pages and links are on the English Wikipedia. The spammers who developed these pages were primarily trying to peddle software for use on the English Wikipedia. Their pages on the English Wikipedia are also pending deletion as misusing Wikipedia for web hosting. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC) :::Based on the name and some of the user's (now deleted) activity on Wikiversity, I think the software was actually intended primarily for use on Wikibooks and/or Wikiversity. Why they decided to host some of its documentation on Wikipedia is a mystery. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:52, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::::It isn't worth trying to explain the behavior of spammers. Sometimes the explanation is stupidity and greed. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:05, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::<del>I haven't yet looked at the deletion request here. I am primarily an English Wikipedia editor, just as [[User:Omphalographer]] is primarily a Commons editor. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)</del> *'''Delete All''' - Spam. These books were created twelve years ago to peddle software to new users. This was an abuse of Wikimedia for commercial purposes. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:51, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]] == Much like the Wikiversal pages nominated above, this book is documentation for a piece of self-authored software by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer available for download. I can't find any substantial references to this software anywhere online outside of this book itself, so it seems highly unlikely to be useful to anyone. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per the above. If the software is not currently available and was never widely available or notable previously, I don't see why keeping it is useful, even for historicity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:36, 20 September 2024 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - This is more spam by a spammer. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:17, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Roblox WF Wars]] == No textual content at all, just a couple of tables of data. I can't find any other information online about this game; for all we know, it may not even exist. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:30, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' as stated above. The content is so minimal, and the scope is not defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 20 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == : [[Alo, Jonathan!]] : [[Bune Ğonatan!]] : [[Dag, Jonathan!]] : [[Glidis, o Jonathan!]] : [[Hai, Jon!]] : [[Hallo, Jonathan!]] : [[Haloo, Jonatan!]] : [[Hay, Jonathan!]] : [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)]] : [[Hej, Jonathan!]] : [[Hela, Jonathan!]] : [[Holo, Jonathan!]] : [[Oila, Jonatan!]] : [[Salam, Jonathan!]] : [[Salom, Jonatan!]] : [[Salu, Jon!]] : [[Salut Jonathan!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)]] : [[Salut, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, ionatano!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan!]] : [[Sesan Jon!]] : [[Simi, Jonathan!]] : [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]] : [[Terve, Jonathan!]] : [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!]] : [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!]] : [[Òla, Ionatà!]] There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. :[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine :How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::Hi! :::Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. :::So the idea is the following: :::1 Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::2 The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::3 For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::4 The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. :::Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. :::[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. ::::Cheers! –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::::Hello again, :::::It's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::[[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::Keep. Content of educational value that helps learn languages. I think more translations to natural languages should be produced. -[[User:Bronto Rex|Bronto Rex]] ([[User talk:Bronto Rex|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bronto Rex|contribs]]) 14:02, 11 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Wooden Boats: Building and Repair]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; a few pages, but each has only a few lines of text. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stellar Scintillation]] == Extremely narrow scope that I don't think is quite book-worthy, especially given the low amount of content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Future Teachers Meet Wiki]] == Abandoned; scope doesn't seem right for Wikibooks; underdeveloped. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this feels like it was an attempt to use Wikibooks to organize a university project and collect student writings; even if it had made more progress, it's not clear that the outcome would have been a textbook. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[East Indian Marathi]] == Abandoned >1 decade, almost no content at all, simple dictionary that should probably be transferred to Wiktionary if it hasn't already. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * '''Delete''' per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Spanish]] == Abandoned 2 decades; seems like an idea for a book that was never actually implemented (minimal meaningful content) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:55, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Luxembourgish]] == Abandoned; only non-main page is a list of movies—otherwise no meaningful content [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Data Recovery]] == Seems out of scope for an educational book; a couple paragraphs at most with no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:58, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is a worthy topic, but what's written here meanders between being vague and being actively bad advice. (The <code>strings</code> command is not an appropriate data recovery tool.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Competitive Programming]] == Survived deletion previously on the justification that it could potentially be expanded, but it's since been over a decade with no improvement; extremely minimal educational content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:03, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:TheoYalur]] == * [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] * [[The Sight and Sound of the Greek Genocide Around the Kültürpark in Izmir]] * [[God Disorder]] These pages all appear to be personal essays, not educational texts. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:53, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :They are all original research. The editor asked to be unblocked so they could move to Wikiversity where OR is permitted. As they have now returned to creating these dubious pages, I have blocked them again and deleted the most recent creation as out of scope original research. The "reader" might be acceptable. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I'm not sure about [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] since it has NPOV issues and it reads like a self-published essay piece with personal hypothesizing/opinion/research, no references, etc. Its educational scope is still somewhat unclear, as is the structure—it does not seem textbook-like in form or style. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:43, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :::You spent more time reading it than me I suspect. I only skimmed it, but I am sure you are right that it has the same issues as the other creations and should be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:14, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::::With regard to the "Reader", at best it's a collection of loosely translated excerpts of texts which, for the most part, already have quality translations available on Wikisource. For instance, the section [[Henri Poincaré Reader#The Measure of Time (1898)]] is already translated as [[:s:The Foundations of Science/The Value of Science/Chapter 2]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:39, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[User:גני טווילרי]] == Please delete a redirection page of the former user page, which was not active in the En Wikibooks. Thank you. [[User:לובר|לובר]] ([[User talk:לובר|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/לובר|contribs]]) 02:15, 16 October 2024 (UTC) :{{re|לובר}} {{done}} though in the future please use {{tl|speedy}} for such deletions. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:53, 16 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management]] == As best I can tell, this was intended at one point to be an internal resource for employees of an ODU (Old Dominion University) career office; what little of it exists is primarily focused on minutae irrelevant to anyone outside that office, like [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Oriented/How we do it|who to email to schedule an information session]] or a collection of [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Up-to-Date/CAP Meeting|meeting notes]]. It's also all been essentially untouched since 2007. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:49, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per stated reasoning —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Golf]] == Extremely minimal content; educational/book scope is unclear; abandoned for >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Counterterror Joint Command]] == Unclear how this falls into WB scope—doesn't seem to be an educational book, and educational scope is undefined; abandoned as well —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:17, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is perplexing; it's written like a policy proposal on behalf of an agency, not a textbook. From context I ''think'' it's about the [[:w:National Police Agency (Taiwan)]], but it's entirely unclear whether this was intended as an official report or some sort of weird fan fiction. Either way, it doesn't belong here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:31, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Flight Attendant Manual]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; consists only of a list of country codes and the phonetic alphabet. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[History of the ODU Art Department]] == A collection of fragmentary biographies and interviews of members of the ODU (Old Dominion University) art department. Some of these are individually interesting, I guess, but they don't really add up to a history of the department, let alone to an instructional text. Most editing activity appears to have been around 2008-09; there's almost no activity since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Making Neon Signs]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Was imported from WP (as the nominator suspected) and is still just a WP article, not a textbook. Out of scope and abandoned. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:31, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Seems just like an imported WP article; educational book scope unclear; abandoned for years —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Stone Masonry]] == Abandoned >1 decade; educational scope unclear; minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this reads almost like a speech thanking stonemasons for their work; there's no substantial information here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:08, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Understanding the National Certificate of Educational Achievement]] == Scope unclear; very little content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:30, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Release Management]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; very little content; unclear what its scope as a book is —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Management for IT Professionals]] == Minimal content; book scope unclear; abandoned almost 2 decades —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Living in Bangkok]] == Minimal content; consists of single chapter that contains likely outdated information —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:14, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Limburgish]] == Abandoned; single chapter with minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :In general, I think deletion not solve anything. While the contents is minimal, it's still better than nothing at all. Rather, an invitation should be made to expand on it. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ooswesthoesbes|contribs]]) 06:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]! While I understand your perspective, I unfortunately disagree. Wikibooks has a huge number of abandoned stubs like this one, which I think results in clutter and makes the entire project less useful as a result. Due to their nature and structure, books require a greater committed investment to make than, say, WP articles, and these little scraps are rarely developed here. This book has had plenty of opportunity for expansion since you started it over a decade ago, but nobody has actually made any effort to do so. Based on the evidence from the past decade, when weighing the likelihood of the book being properly developed going forward versus the active negative impact of its continued presence in this state, I favor deletion. Moreover, in the rare case that someone came along later and wanted to revive this book specifically, it could be undeleted. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:55, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Introduction to BASIC]] == Consists only of a few paragraphs and then a compilation of links —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Media Vault]] == Book-like scope is unclear; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:35, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - how-to content isn't necessarily out of scope, but this only describes how to perform a single (fairly straightforward) task, for a product which has been off the market for ~15 years and is unlikely to be of interest to future editors. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:02, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[GUI Design Principles]] == Single page that was never properly integrated into a book as it should have been —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:37, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender 3D: Game-making in Blender]] == Obsolete book with almost no content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:38, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basketball]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; doesn't contain much beyond what you'd find in a WP article —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:41, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Bug Free Programming]] == Unclear how exactly this constitutes an educational book; scope is unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:45, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Wow, I didn't even remember this one. I think it's perfectly clear how this is educational and the scope couldn't be clearer, either, but I'm not going to finish it so go ahead and delete it. [[User:Főszerkesztő Úr|Főszerkesztő Úr]] ([[User talk:Főszerkesztő Úr|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Főszerkesztő Úr|contribs]]) 12:35, 23 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Citroën XM]] == Abandoned >1 decade; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Happiness]] == Significant NPOV issues; not much content; abandoned for >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:58, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Islamic Studies Grade 1]] == Abandoned >1 decade with very little content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:03, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - the table of contents makes it clear that this book was intended to house POV religious content (e.g. a chapter titled "Allah Is The One"). This is incompatible with [[WB:NPOV]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Austrian German]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; scope not well outlined, main page only; minimal content insufficient for book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) se2pbaqdsz0v3rdg3xd1xtuhsez51ac 4442383 4442374 2024-10-24T18:10:36Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Remembering the Templars */ Reply 4442383 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{Requests for deletion/Archives}} {{Requests for deletion/Using Template:Icon}} {{clear}} = Undeletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} ==[[City Of Heroes]]== {{closed|Was undeleted —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} A book that was deleted when strategy guides were not allowed. See discussion -<span style="background:yellow;>User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 <span style="color:blue span> 17:13, 12 November 2022 (UTC)</span></span> :This book was deleted about 16 years ago and only one page had a significant amount of content. It could all be undeleted but would probably be better re-made from scratch.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 01:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC) ::'''Undeleted it''' with many first-level subpages. Yet [[City Of Heroes/Archetypes]], [[City Of Heroes/Powers]], [[City Of Heroes/General Help]], [[City Of Heroes/Enhancements]], [[City Of Heroes/Binds]] and [[City Of Heroes/Badges]] have even more subpages to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC) :::'''Undeleted''' many subpages of the above subpages, less obviously useless versions. Yet any administrators are hereby advised to check [[Special:Undelete]] for more to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 21:52, 21 August 2023 (UTC) :Remaking this content from scratch might be difficult - the game shut down in 2012. There's a small community of users running private servers based on leaked source code (!), but far fewer than when the game was active. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 26 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Mass undeletion of books that were deleted when strategy guides were not allowed.]]== {{closed|Not done —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Couldn't we just mass undelete these books? [[User:Garfieldcat1978|Garfieldcat1978]] ([[User talk:Garfieldcat1978|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Garfieldcat1978|contribs]]) 18:25, 20 February 2023 (UTC) Letting bot archive as needed. :Listing which works would be much better.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:51, 19 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} ==Requesting for undeletion of the page "Jumarkese"== {{closed|Not restored —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Hi, I just want to ask the administrators to restore my deleted page, "Jumarkese". I am begging you, I hope you will forgive me. Actually, I just noticed today that you deleted my page. I don't know your reasons why you did that. But I hope you can grant my request to restore my deleted page "Jumarkese" as soon as possible. Thank you. [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 16:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]]. You can see the reasoning under the corresponding section below. It consisted of original research, which is out of scope at Wikibooks, and this type of decision is precedented. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:54, 17 April 2024 (UTC) ::What do you mean by original research? [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 06:12, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :See [[Wikibooks:Original research]]. Neither Wikibooks nor Wikipedia allow original research.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 07:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} = Deletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} {{clear}} <!-- New nominations go at the bottom of page --> == [[The Computer Revolution/Computers and Environment/Nanotechnology]] == {{closed|1=Consensus to delete. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:58, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} Consists of excerpts from third parties. Those from ''New Scientist'', do not appear to be under a compatible licence. {{Unsigned|Mbrickn|07:33, 10 January 2023‎}} :I'm not sure it's enough of a violation for deletion? Based on a [https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikibooks&title=The+Computer+Revolution%2FComputers+and+Environment%2FNanotechnology&oldid=&action=search&use_engine=1&use_links=1&turnitin=0 copyvio comparison], the text seems mostly paraphrased. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:44, 10 January 2023 (UTC) :{{vd}} The content of this page is ''entirely'' quotes and summaries of articles. The opening is a copy-paste quote of the linked Rice University page, the "examples of nanomaterials" are taken from [[doi:10.1021/es0506509]] (or, more likely, from another article summarizing it), and the two paragraphs following that are inaccurate summaries of the (already pop-science) ''New Scientist'' articles cited. There's no original content here whatsoever, and I'm not even sure how any of this is related to the overall topic of "the computer revolution" - these articles are about chemistry, not computing. :This entire book is in pretty bad shape, frankly. Everything about it has the look of a class project where each student picked (or was assigned) a topic to write about individually, and their work was combined into a book. The results lack both coherence and quality, and I'm having a hard time seeing how this could ever be fixed short of throwing it all out and starting over. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:08, 14 August 2024 (UTC) ::After taking another look at the page, I now agree that it at least should be deleted. The content is not useful or coherent, and has issues as described above. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:19, 14 August 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Dynamical Systems]] == This seems to be abandoned book, the only content is largly vacuous. I don't believe it is likely to be extended or worked on because it is both a technical topic, and represents to original author's goals for such a book (graduate level vs undergraduate). [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 20:46, 23 February 2023 (UTC) :It does seem abandoned; the single existing page hasn't been updated since 2018 and the main book page hasn't been updated since 2019. Unless someone quickly decides to pick up on it, I can't really see it staying here at Wikibooks :/ —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ::Hello there, ::currently I'm working over at the German page, because I have begun to work with a new, more intuitive terminology. My current plan is to first finish the German version and then possibly to translate it. To finish the German version will take at least until the end of this year. Until then, you shouldn't expect any progress. Afterwards, I may feel inclined to pick up the project, depending on my human rights situation. --[[User:Mathmensch|Mathmensch]] ([[User talk:Mathmensch|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mathmensch|contribs]]) 09:26, 8 April 2023 (UTC) == Files from [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)]] == {{closed|1=Deleted for lack of a valid NFCC. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Used for decorative, not educational, purposes: [[:File:Float 13.jpg]], [[:File:Grabbed Frame 15.jpg]], [[:File:Gandof.jpg]], [[:File:Ohalland.jpg]], [[:File:Braskascan1.jpg]], [[:File:Tidus FFX.png]] ([[WB:NFCC]]#8). — Ирука<sup>[[user:Iruka13|13]]</sup> 13:54, 17 July 2023 (UTC) :Sure, I think I can agree on the removal of these [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:24, 22 July 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Radium SmartChain]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:48, 23 July 2024 (UTC)}} including the closely related books: * [[XRADON Supernet]] * [[Radium Core]] These books are a borderline advertisement for a cryptocurrency project. Moreover, the project has changed substantially since the books were written in 2016-2017 - it's now called "Validity", and most, if not all, of the information in these books is no longer accurate. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 06:39, 21 October 2023 (UTC) :{{comment}} I'm not sure it's blatant enough to be considered advertising? Since it technically is a how-to? But, if it is out of date, that could warrant deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Hence "borderline". Some of the subpages like [[Radium Core/Use Cases/Proof of Author]] have more of a promotional air to them. But yes, the instructional content is all badly out of date; there are edits [[Special:Diff/3554520|as far back as 2019]] from users trying to mark the books as being outdated, and it's only gotten worse since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:16, 24 October 2023 (UTC) :{{del}} If it wasn't outdated, I would vote keep, but... [[User:ForTheGrammar|ForTheGrammar]] ([[User talk:ForTheGrammar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ForTheGrammar|contribs]]) 01:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Various pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == {{closed|1=consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:38, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} The following pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] seem out of scope because they consist entirely of personal promotion/advertisement for the author's photography: * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians II]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Lights of Moscow]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Ethiopia through the eyes of traveler]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/On the roads of India]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/14 days in Mongolia]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Uganda: tribes and civilization]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Tribes of Kenya]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:13, 25 February 2024 (UTC) :Frankly, the entire book appears to be a vehicle for the author to promote his own photography. The few sentences of instructional content on pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in macro photography]] are practically useless; that one amounts to "to take macro photos, set your camera to macro mode and hold it close to the subject, or read another book for more information". Other pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Interior photography in hobo tours]] or [[Basics of fine-art photography/Taking pictures of homeless people]] provide essentially no information on photography technique at all, and seem to mostly be intended as jumping-off points to showcase more of the author's photos. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:40, 11 March 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[History of Grand-Popo]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:11, 22 September 2024 (UTC)}} Suited for enWP not WB, appears to be a simple import with no likely development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:28, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Lists and links are not a textbook. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:01, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} This book is essentially a compilation of lists and links—I don't think it's actually in-scope here as a book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Selected Essays]] == {{closed|1=Deleted}} Seems completely out of WB scope; it's just a collection of unrelated personal essays. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:52, 1 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} Agreed, personal essays and not ones that can easily be used, at that. [[User:Icandostuff|<span style="color:Red">I</span> <span style="color:Yellow">can</span> <span style="color:Lime">do</span> <span style="color:#00ffff">stuff</span><span style="color:Blue">!</span> ]] ([[User talk:Icandostuff|talk]]) 12:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Remembering the Templars]] == Seems to be pretty much an encyclopedic article about the Knights Templar, which makes it out of scope; enormous amount of links to enWP and may even just be an import. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC) *'''Keep'''. This is one of [[User:Panic2k4|Panic2k4's]] books, not a WP import. They remain an active, if sporadic, contributor and may well return to this in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:41, 24 October 2024 (UTC) *:I just realized they were never notified about the nom, so I'll go ahead and do so on their talk page for posterity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:10, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Half-Life Computation]] == Doesn't seem in-scope as a book—just seems like a single page on how to do a specific calculation. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[God and Religious Toleration]] == {{closed|1=clear consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:45, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} This book was [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/God and Religious Toleration|previously nominated for deletion in 2011]], but kept largely because of its theoretical potential for improvement. It's now over a decade later, and no real improvement has been made. The book has the following issues: * A lack of clearly defined educational/instructional scope, structure, or aims overall * A lack of structure in each existing chapter * Significant NPOV and lack-of-evidence/citations I've gone through the book to try to improve it somewhat, but it largely feels like a disorganized dumping ground for a variety of abstract thoughts, many of which are heavily biased. At this point, given the amount of time it has had for improvement and the lack thereof, I don't think it has a place at Wikibooks. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC) :This book is very important in this day and age. Tolerance between religions is important for world peace. Without tolerance, chaos breaks out in the world. We should promote tolerance between religions. If the good guys keep quiet, the bad guys win. Is that what you want? A better way is to simply add a chapter of yours to the book and contribute your suggestions to world peace and the strengthening of love in the world. @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]] ([[User talk:Nobody60|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nobody60|contribs]]) 08:46, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Support deleting as per issues pointed out in nom. @[[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]], there are kilometers between deleting a bad, biased book and supporting religious intolerance or whatever it is you're accusing the nom of doing. Wikibooks is a project with a definite, reachable and concrete goal, which this book doesn't meet, never met and probably would never meet. --[[User:YuriNikolai|YuriNikolai]] ([[User talk:YuriNikolai|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/YuriNikolai|contribs]]) 02:10, 27 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 07:44, 27 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Not only is this material not presented from a neutral point of view, it's not even a mainstream religious POV. Much like [[Developing A Universal Religion]] (also up for deletion), the goal of this text appears to be to create and promote a new syncretic religious movement, complete with its own new beliefs and practices; this is very much outside the scope of Wikibooks. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:24, 3 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} as per [[WB:NOR]]: I am all for religious tolerance but all against religious acquiescence. [[User:Jeaucques Quœure|Jeaucques Quœure]] ([[User talk:Jeaucques Quœure|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jeaucques Quœure|contribs]]) 07:30, 26 September 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Kashubian Dictionary]] == [[WB:DICT|Out of scope]] here; material should be hosted at Wiktionary (I've [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Information desk/2024/May|suggested it there]]). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC) :Any content in this dictionary should be already be at [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Requested entries (Kashubian)/Kashubian Dictionary]], where we will be able to slowly make entries for these. [[User:Vininn126|Vininn126]] ([[User talk:Vininn126|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vininn126|contribs]]) 21:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Biblioþeke]] == Out of scope; seems to be an incomplete translation of the bible into a conlang. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:16, 29 May 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikis for Retail Store Managers]] == Abandoned, unclear scope, little content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:30, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Human Geography]] == Abandoned for two decades without any development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:50, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The page has a list of chapters/sections, but these are not linked. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:56, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]] == Abandoned, very little meaningful content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Scrapebook Linguistics]] == Abandoned, little to no meaningful content, unclear scope or potential for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:05, 8 June 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - an earlier version of this page was imported to Wikiversity as [[:v:Special:Permalink/15674|Portal:Linguistics]] (and subsequently edited into oblivion). The followup edits here aren't needed at WV. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:22, 25 July 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Be a Good Camp Counselor]] == Book is un/under-developed and abandoned, and the scope/potential for development is somewhat unclear to me. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989/Manual for Obtention of Driving licence: Signals and Lights]] == Abandoned with non-English. Not belonging under [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989]], that Taiwanese administrative regulation since 1989 would not contain such a manual.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 16:55, 4 July 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per above —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 5 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Australian Property Law]] == Has only one page (introduction) with little content. It has been abandoned now for almost 20 years with no development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:35, 10 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Subpages are redlinks except for [[Australian Property Law/Introduction]], which does not save the material. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:09, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Chinese Checkers]] == Extremely minimal content and abandoned for almost 20 years. Was previously nominated for deletion in 2006 but kept on the grounds that it could be expanded—clearly this has not happened. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Niw Englisch]] == Fiction / original research - a conlang being (very slowly) created by the author of the book. The following books are closely related to that project and should be deleted as well: * [[NiwEnglisc]] * [[Þat englisce Alphabet]] * [[Lernung þer Stafræwe]] * [[Þe ettbære Garden]] as well as [[Biblioþeke]], which has already been nominated for deletion. :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' all per the above. I can find no evidence of the conlang outside Wikibooks and this sole author. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Mac OS X Leopard]] == Yet another abandoned, underdeveloped book on an obsolete operating system. (Mac OS X Leopard was released in 2007, and has been unsupported since 2011.) If there were more content in this book, it could possibly be refactored into a version-independent book about macOS, but there's effectively nothing here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 14 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. If it were more fleshed out, it could be kept as archival. However, there's so little there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:47, 24 July 2024 (UTC) == [[3DTin User's Guide]] == Abandoned >1 decade, undeveloped, very little content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:29, 20 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - 3DTin was a web application which [https://3dtin.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/the-next-chapter/ shut down in 2016], so this book no longer serves any purpose, and certainly isn't going to be expanded. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Advanced Calculus]] == Abandoned for many years; consists of only one page for one theorem; no introduction or scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Algebra and Number Theory]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of one page with very little content; no introduction or scope —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Has a list of redlinks for subpages; there is one subpage: [[Algebra and Number Theory/Elementary Number Theory]]. This is not useful and has been abandoned for too long. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:05, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basic Ancient Greek]] == Abandoned for many years; very little actual content; only real contributor was an IP whose last edit was in 2015. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:37, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:06, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender Game Engine for Morons]] == Abandoned for at least a decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:41, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[BOINC]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content; unclear scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:43, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Open View NNM Exam Guide]] == One page only; abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. [[w:HP OpenView|HP OpenView]] no longer exists as a product (and its successor HP Network Management Center has been discontinued as well!); neither does HP's certification exam for it. There's certainly no purpose in writing a new guide for a nonexistent exam for a obsolete product. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:54, 23 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Games]] == Abandoned for ~1 decade; little to no meaningful content; one paragraph in entire book; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Biochemistry/The Cell]] == <div style="padding:0.5em;">[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|36px|link=]] The following discussion has concluded. Please open a new discussion for any further comments.</div> <div class="collapsible boilerplate metadata" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; margin:0em; padding:10px; border:1px solid #999999;"> <div class="title" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; padding:0px; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"> abandoned and undeveloped and per comments below —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:47, 14 October 2024 (UTC)</span></div> <div class="body" style="text-align:left"> <hr /> Not particularly in scope for the book as it is; content is not particularly meaningful, educational, helpful, or well-developed (e.g. what does it mean for red blood cells to "helps in structure of the body"?) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Even if the strange or outright wrong statements were removed (like describing a cell as "a small particle or organism", or implying that red and white blood cells are the only types of cell!), this sort of very basic explanation would be more at home in an introductory text on biology, not a text on biochemistry which assumes familiarity with these topics. (And indeed, there are much better explanations in books like [[Biology, Answering the Big Questions of Life/Cells]].) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) </div></div> == [[Folktales from the Mon People of Koh Kred]] == Seems to be out of scope, since Wikibooks does not host fiction. –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:29, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:11, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == [[High performance computing]] == Abandoned >1 decade; only contains main page with little content; scope not well-defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 28 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:52, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Doom Modding]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope/path to completion —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:20, 28 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max]] == Abandoned >1 decade; one chapter only, which contains only a handful of sentences. Not enough content and no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{del}} per nom. The only subpage is this: [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max/HDRI Maps]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:51, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages in [[Security+ Certification]] == Both [[Security+ Certification/Threats and Vulnerabilities]] and [[Security+ Certification/Network Security]] seem to be deprecated per @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]]'s recent overhaul; moreover, the pages in question seem to consist entirely of outlinks to Wikipedia. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:32, 3 August 2024 (UTC) == Obsolete Microsoft certification guides == * [[MCSE Server 2003 Certification Core Exams]] (exam 70-290 retired July 2013) * [[Microsoft Certified IT Professional]] (exam 70-444 retired June 2011; exam 70-450 retired July 2015) * [[Microsoft Certified Professional Developer]] (exams 70-526, 70-528, 70-529, 70-547, 70-548 retired June 2011; exams 70-290, 70-536 retired July 2013) These books all correspond to Microsoft certification exams which were retired in 2011-2015, and consist almost entirely of lists of course objectives copied from official course materials. There's almost no original educational content in any of these three books, and it's highly unlikely that they're going to be improved, since the certification exams they correspond to are no longer offered. (Reference for the exam retirement dates is: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/support/retired-certification-exams) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:27, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} per the above; additionally, some of these have very little content at all. Some pages may be candidates for speedy deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[GNU Autoconf]] == Little to no meaningful content, abandoned >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:42, 4 August 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. Nothing particularly salvageable from this. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:07, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Textbook Reviews]] == Very little meaningful educational content; seems like opinion at most? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:45, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Kurdish]] == Very little content at all, no outline or potential for development; abandoned for years. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:46, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:49, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[English-Arabic dictionary]] == Out of scope at Wikibooks since this is already completely covered by Wiktionary. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:49, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{comment}} [[English-Arabic dictionary/Colors in Arabic]] gets a nontrivial amount of traffic (~50 views/day). It'd be nice if we could at least preserve this as a redirect to an equivalent resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * '''Keep''': a book selecting vocabulary into introductory groups is very different from a lexical database such as Wiktionary. In Wiktionary, one does not know where to start learning the vocabulary. Admittedly, the title gives excessively broad scope, so something should probably be done. (The argument with 50 views/day has some force.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Audacity]] == Abandoned 17 years; consists only of paltry introduction. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:43, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - Audacity already has high-quality, freely licensed documentation at https://manual.audacityteam.org/ (and it's even a wiki!). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:57, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Java Logging]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:44, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. All indicated subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:27, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Mercury Programming]] == Abandoned >1 decade; undeveloped (single page only); no scope or plan for expansion/future development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:46, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Mercury Programming/Types]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:26, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Server+ Certification]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content; mostly a few section headers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[NetBeans]] == No meaningful content; chapter list only; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. No subpages; all listed subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Valgrind]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope; no path forward for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:52, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - readers would be much better off with [https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html Valgrind's own quick start guide] (which is even freely licensed). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:32, 18 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Open Religion]] == Original research/soapbox/NPOV; abandoned >1 decade; main page only —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:40, 24 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - out of scope religious/philosophical content similar to [[#Developing a Universal Religion]], but less developed. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:58, 25 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}. For the record, the page starts: "This project is to create an Open Source religion and philosophy, transparent and accessible to all, directed to interest all without discrimination." By the way, I would not mind instead quasi-deleting by moving to userspace of the main author so that anyone can review later what kind of material is being deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:03, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming for the consultant]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:42, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Programming for the consultant/Approaching A New Code Base]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:24, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Metroid]] == Abandoned; main page only; no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:44, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom; could be speedy. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:00, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Radiata Stories]] == Abandoned; little to no meaningful content; one page only with little content; no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The one existing subpage is [[Radiata Stories/Character Recruitment]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:23, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Prehistory of Globalization/Preface]] == Orphaned page; little to no meaningful content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:38, 25 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Dialect]] == Scope unclear; abandoned with no plan for development; little to no meaningful content; most pages qualify for speedy anyway. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 5 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:21, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming Text Adventures In Basic]] == Main page only; abandoned >1 decade; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:17, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom, but I think a change of [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] is needed so that we can delete useless stubs abandoned for a long time. The nominated page cannot be of any use as is. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:59, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[UNIX Basics]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:23, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}: no meaningful content. A bit of meaningful content is in [[Guide to Unix]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:53, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Write a Compiler]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:24, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom: almost no meaningful content. No further reading. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Script Languages Synopsis]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little content; unclear path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:26, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Epicurus]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 13:33, 6 October 2024 (UTC)}} Merging with the other Epicurus page. {{unsigned|TheoYalur}} {{end closed}} === [[Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως)]] === Merging with the other Epicurus page. [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' I'm leaning towards this whole book being deleted. The scope and structure of this book as an educational textbook are unclear and the whole thing seems potentially like original research or an essay. Unless I've missed something, the main editor seems unresponsive to querying and is repeatedly removing the query flags. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:13, 25 September 2024 (UTC) =={{anchor|Network+ Certification}}{{anchor|Security+ Certification}}{{anchor|A+ Certification}} CompTIA Certifications == [[Network+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Network+|Wikiversity]]. [[Security+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Security+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. [[A+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:A+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. De-duplicating work across Wikimedia. Subpages should all be deleted as well. Might be worth leaving a redirect to WV for future users. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:02, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :I centralized at Wikiversity since the projects (as of now) are compendiums of links and resources based on the listed objectives of each exam, sometimes with explicitly suggested 'activities'. Very little in the way of 'book'-like exposition. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:06, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :Thought about leaving a {{tlx|MovedToWikiversity}} but that template has been deleted in the past. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:52, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikiversal generated pages == * [[Wiki Assistant]] * [[User Page Builder]] *: Inexplicably, the links on the main page of this book all point to pages under [[:w:User:Hazel45onnie/User Page Builder]] '''on the English Wikipedia'''. I'm nominating those pages for deletion on enwiki as a separate process ([[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikiversuite pages|here]]). * [[WikiverSuite/Wikiversant/Gunport Builder Demo 1]] * [[Wiki Tutorial]] *: Some of the internal links in this book are written as if the book is named [[Tutorial]] instead of [[Wiki Tutorial]]. You may have to use [[Special:Prefixindex/Wiki Tutorial]] to read through the whole thing. These books were all generated using Wikiversal, a third-party wiki editing tool written by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer downloadable. Many of them contain broken internal links or other outdated content (like references to Wikiversity being a subproject of Wikibooks), and the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them unreasonably difficult to edit. (As as aside, the markup used for these "presentations" is completely broken on the mobile site, e.g. [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_Page_Builder]. For some reason, the forward/back buttons are invisible, making it impossible to navigate from page to page.) The first three books are all instructions on how to use Wikiversal itself. Since it's no longer available, they are of no use. The fourth, while described as a "Wiki tutorial", primarily instructs users to use Wikiversal to build pages on the wiki; its main page should probably be redirected to [[Using Wikibooks]] as a much more comprehensive resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:44, 20 September 2024 (UTC) ::It isn't inexplicable that these pages and links are on the English Wikipedia. The spammers who developed these pages were primarily trying to peddle software for use on the English Wikipedia. Their pages on the English Wikipedia are also pending deletion as misusing Wikipedia for web hosting. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC) :::Based on the name and some of the user's (now deleted) activity on Wikiversity, I think the software was actually intended primarily for use on Wikibooks and/or Wikiversity. Why they decided to host some of its documentation on Wikipedia is a mystery. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:52, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::::It isn't worth trying to explain the behavior of spammers. Sometimes the explanation is stupidity and greed. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:05, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::<del>I haven't yet looked at the deletion request here. I am primarily an English Wikipedia editor, just as [[User:Omphalographer]] is primarily a Commons editor. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)</del> *'''Delete All''' - Spam. These books were created twelve years ago to peddle software to new users. This was an abuse of Wikimedia for commercial purposes. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:51, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]] == Much like the Wikiversal pages nominated above, this book is documentation for a piece of self-authored software by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer available for download. I can't find any substantial references to this software anywhere online outside of this book itself, so it seems highly unlikely to be useful to anyone. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per the above. If the software is not currently available and was never widely available or notable previously, I don't see why keeping it is useful, even for historicity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:36, 20 September 2024 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - This is more spam by a spammer. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:17, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Roblox WF Wars]] == No textual content at all, just a couple of tables of data. I can't find any other information online about this game; for all we know, it may not even exist. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:30, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' as stated above. The content is so minimal, and the scope is not defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 20 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == : [[Alo, Jonathan!]] : [[Bune Ğonatan!]] : [[Dag, Jonathan!]] : [[Glidis, o Jonathan!]] : [[Hai, Jon!]] : [[Hallo, Jonathan!]] : [[Haloo, Jonatan!]] : [[Hay, Jonathan!]] : [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)]] : [[Hej, Jonathan!]] : [[Hela, Jonathan!]] : [[Holo, Jonathan!]] : [[Oila, Jonatan!]] : [[Salam, Jonathan!]] : [[Salom, Jonatan!]] : [[Salu, Jon!]] : [[Salut Jonathan!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)]] : [[Salut, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, ionatano!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan!]] : [[Sesan Jon!]] : [[Simi, Jonathan!]] : [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]] : [[Terve, Jonathan!]] : [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!]] : [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!]] : [[Òla, Ionatà!]] There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. :[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine :How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::Hi! :::Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. :::So the idea is the following: :::1 Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::2 The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::3 For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::4 The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. :::Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. :::[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. ::::Cheers! –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::::Hello again, :::::It's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::[[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::Keep. Content of educational value that helps learn languages. I think more translations to natural languages should be produced. -[[User:Bronto Rex|Bronto Rex]] ([[User talk:Bronto Rex|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bronto Rex|contribs]]) 14:02, 11 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Wooden Boats: Building and Repair]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; a few pages, but each has only a few lines of text. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stellar Scintillation]] == Extremely narrow scope that I don't think is quite book-worthy, especially given the low amount of content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Future Teachers Meet Wiki]] == Abandoned; scope doesn't seem right for Wikibooks; underdeveloped. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this feels like it was an attempt to use Wikibooks to organize a university project and collect student writings; even if it had made more progress, it's not clear that the outcome would have been a textbook. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[East Indian Marathi]] == Abandoned >1 decade, almost no content at all, simple dictionary that should probably be transferred to Wiktionary if it hasn't already. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * '''Delete''' per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Spanish]] == Abandoned 2 decades; seems like an idea for a book that was never actually implemented (minimal meaningful content) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:55, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Luxembourgish]] == Abandoned; only non-main page is a list of movies—otherwise no meaningful content [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Data Recovery]] == Seems out of scope for an educational book; a couple paragraphs at most with no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:58, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is a worthy topic, but what's written here meanders between being vague and being actively bad advice. (The <code>strings</code> command is not an appropriate data recovery tool.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Competitive Programming]] == Survived deletion previously on the justification that it could potentially be expanded, but it's since been over a decade with no improvement; extremely minimal educational content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:03, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:TheoYalur]] == * [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] * [[The Sight and Sound of the Greek Genocide Around the Kültürpark in Izmir]] * [[God Disorder]] These pages all appear to be personal essays, not educational texts. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:53, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :They are all original research. The editor asked to be unblocked so they could move to Wikiversity where OR is permitted. As they have now returned to creating these dubious pages, I have blocked them again and deleted the most recent creation as out of scope original research. The "reader" might be acceptable. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I'm not sure about [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] since it has NPOV issues and it reads like a self-published essay piece with personal hypothesizing/opinion/research, no references, etc. Its educational scope is still somewhat unclear, as is the structure—it does not seem textbook-like in form or style. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:43, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :::You spent more time reading it than me I suspect. I only skimmed it, but I am sure you are right that it has the same issues as the other creations and should be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:14, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::::With regard to the "Reader", at best it's a collection of loosely translated excerpts of texts which, for the most part, already have quality translations available on Wikisource. For instance, the section [[Henri Poincaré Reader#The Measure of Time (1898)]] is already translated as [[:s:The Foundations of Science/The Value of Science/Chapter 2]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:39, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[User:גני טווילרי]] == Please delete a redirection page of the former user page, which was not active in the En Wikibooks. Thank you. [[User:לובר|לובר]] ([[User talk:לובר|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/לובר|contribs]]) 02:15, 16 October 2024 (UTC) :{{re|לובר}} {{done}} though in the future please use {{tl|speedy}} for such deletions. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:53, 16 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management]] == As best I can tell, this was intended at one point to be an internal resource for employees of an ODU (Old Dominion University) career office; what little of it exists is primarily focused on minutae irrelevant to anyone outside that office, like [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Oriented/How we do it|who to email to schedule an information session]] or a collection of [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Up-to-Date/CAP Meeting|meeting notes]]. It's also all been essentially untouched since 2007. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:49, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per stated reasoning —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Golf]] == Extremely minimal content; educational/book scope is unclear; abandoned for >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Counterterror Joint Command]] == Unclear how this falls into WB scope—doesn't seem to be an educational book, and educational scope is undefined; abandoned as well —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:17, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is perplexing; it's written like a policy proposal on behalf of an agency, not a textbook. From context I ''think'' it's about the [[:w:National Police Agency (Taiwan)]], but it's entirely unclear whether this was intended as an official report or some sort of weird fan fiction. Either way, it doesn't belong here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:31, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Flight Attendant Manual]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; consists only of a list of country codes and the phonetic alphabet. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[History of the ODU Art Department]] == A collection of fragmentary biographies and interviews of members of the ODU (Old Dominion University) art department. Some of these are individually interesting, I guess, but they don't really add up to a history of the department, let alone to an instructional text. Most editing activity appears to have been around 2008-09; there's almost no activity since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Making Neon Signs]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Was imported from WP (as the nominator suspected) and is still just a WP article, not a textbook. Out of scope and abandoned. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:31, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Seems just like an imported WP article; educational book scope unclear; abandoned for years —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Stone Masonry]] == Abandoned >1 decade; educational scope unclear; minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this reads almost like a speech thanking stonemasons for their work; there's no substantial information here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:08, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Understanding the National Certificate of Educational Achievement]] == Scope unclear; very little content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:30, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Release Management]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; very little content; unclear what its scope as a book is —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Management for IT Professionals]] == Minimal content; book scope unclear; abandoned almost 2 decades —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Living in Bangkok]] == Minimal content; consists of single chapter that contains likely outdated information —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:14, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Limburgish]] == Abandoned; single chapter with minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :In general, I think deletion not solve anything. While the contents is minimal, it's still better than nothing at all. Rather, an invitation should be made to expand on it. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ooswesthoesbes|contribs]]) 06:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]! While I understand your perspective, I unfortunately disagree. Wikibooks has a huge number of abandoned stubs like this one, which I think results in clutter and makes the entire project less useful as a result. Due to their nature and structure, books require a greater committed investment to make than, say, WP articles, and these little scraps are rarely developed here. This book has had plenty of opportunity for expansion since you started it over a decade ago, but nobody has actually made any effort to do so. Based on the evidence from the past decade, when weighing the likelihood of the book being properly developed going forward versus the active negative impact of its continued presence in this state, I favor deletion. Moreover, in the rare case that someone came along later and wanted to revive this book specifically, it could be undeleted. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:55, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Introduction to BASIC]] == Consists only of a few paragraphs and then a compilation of links —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Media Vault]] == Book-like scope is unclear; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:35, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - how-to content isn't necessarily out of scope, but this only describes how to perform a single (fairly straightforward) task, for a product which has been off the market for ~15 years and is unlikely to be of interest to future editors. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:02, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[GUI Design Principles]] == Single page that was never properly integrated into a book as it should have been —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:37, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender 3D: Game-making in Blender]] == Obsolete book with almost no content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:38, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basketball]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; doesn't contain much beyond what you'd find in a WP article —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:41, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Bug Free Programming]] == Unclear how exactly this constitutes an educational book; scope is unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:45, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Wow, I didn't even remember this one. I think it's perfectly clear how this is educational and the scope couldn't be clearer, either, but I'm not going to finish it so go ahead and delete it. [[User:Főszerkesztő Úr|Főszerkesztő Úr]] ([[User talk:Főszerkesztő Úr|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Főszerkesztő Úr|contribs]]) 12:35, 23 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Citroën XM]] == Abandoned >1 decade; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Happiness]] == Significant NPOV issues; not much content; abandoned for >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:58, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Islamic Studies Grade 1]] == Abandoned >1 decade with very little content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:03, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - the table of contents makes it clear that this book was intended to house POV religious content (e.g. a chapter titled "Allah Is The One"). This is incompatible with [[WB:NPOV]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Austrian German]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; scope not well outlined, main page only; minimal content insufficient for book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) nr6jasy6s07du56u1xtvinnz30cukuy 4442403 4442383 2024-10-24T22:01:16Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Several pages in Hobo tourism */ new section 4442403 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{Requests for deletion/Archives}} {{Requests for deletion/Using Template:Icon}} {{clear}} = Undeletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} ==[[City Of Heroes]]== {{closed|Was undeleted —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} A book that was deleted when strategy guides were not allowed. See discussion -<span style="background:yellow;>User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 <span style="color:blue span> 17:13, 12 November 2022 (UTC)</span></span> :This book was deleted about 16 years ago and only one page had a significant amount of content. It could all be undeleted but would probably be better re-made from scratch.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 01:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC) ::'''Undeleted it''' with many first-level subpages. Yet [[City Of Heroes/Archetypes]], [[City Of Heroes/Powers]], [[City Of Heroes/General Help]], [[City Of Heroes/Enhancements]], [[City Of Heroes/Binds]] and [[City Of Heroes/Badges]] have even more subpages to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC) :::'''Undeleted''' many subpages of the above subpages, less obviously useless versions. Yet any administrators are hereby advised to check [[Special:Undelete]] for more to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 21:52, 21 August 2023 (UTC) :Remaking this content from scratch might be difficult - the game shut down in 2012. There's a small community of users running private servers based on leaked source code (!), but far fewer than when the game was active. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 26 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Mass undeletion of books that were deleted when strategy guides were not allowed.]]== {{closed|Not done —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Couldn't we just mass undelete these books? [[User:Garfieldcat1978|Garfieldcat1978]] ([[User talk:Garfieldcat1978|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Garfieldcat1978|contribs]]) 18:25, 20 February 2023 (UTC) Letting bot archive as needed. :Listing which works would be much better.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:51, 19 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} ==Requesting for undeletion of the page "Jumarkese"== {{closed|Not restored —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Hi, I just want to ask the administrators to restore my deleted page, "Jumarkese". I am begging you, I hope you will forgive me. Actually, I just noticed today that you deleted my page. I don't know your reasons why you did that. But I hope you can grant my request to restore my deleted page "Jumarkese" as soon as possible. Thank you. [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 16:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]]. You can see the reasoning under the corresponding section below. It consisted of original research, which is out of scope at Wikibooks, and this type of decision is precedented. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:54, 17 April 2024 (UTC) ::What do you mean by original research? [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 06:12, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :See [[Wikibooks:Original research]]. Neither Wikibooks nor Wikipedia allow original research.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 07:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} = Deletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} {{clear}} <!-- New nominations go at the bottom of page --> == [[The Computer Revolution/Computers and Environment/Nanotechnology]] == {{closed|1=Consensus to delete. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:58, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} Consists of excerpts from third parties. Those from ''New Scientist'', do not appear to be under a compatible licence. {{Unsigned|Mbrickn|07:33, 10 January 2023‎}} :I'm not sure it's enough of a violation for deletion? Based on a [https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikibooks&title=The+Computer+Revolution%2FComputers+and+Environment%2FNanotechnology&oldid=&action=search&use_engine=1&use_links=1&turnitin=0 copyvio comparison], the text seems mostly paraphrased. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:44, 10 January 2023 (UTC) :{{vd}} The content of this page is ''entirely'' quotes and summaries of articles. The opening is a copy-paste quote of the linked Rice University page, the "examples of nanomaterials" are taken from [[doi:10.1021/es0506509]] (or, more likely, from another article summarizing it), and the two paragraphs following that are inaccurate summaries of the (already pop-science) ''New Scientist'' articles cited. There's no original content here whatsoever, and I'm not even sure how any of this is related to the overall topic of "the computer revolution" - these articles are about chemistry, not computing. :This entire book is in pretty bad shape, frankly. Everything about it has the look of a class project where each student picked (or was assigned) a topic to write about individually, and their work was combined into a book. The results lack both coherence and quality, and I'm having a hard time seeing how this could ever be fixed short of throwing it all out and starting over. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:08, 14 August 2024 (UTC) ::After taking another look at the page, I now agree that it at least should be deleted. The content is not useful or coherent, and has issues as described above. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:19, 14 August 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Dynamical Systems]] == This seems to be abandoned book, the only content is largly vacuous. I don't believe it is likely to be extended or worked on because it is both a technical topic, and represents to original author's goals for such a book (graduate level vs undergraduate). [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 20:46, 23 February 2023 (UTC) :It does seem abandoned; the single existing page hasn't been updated since 2018 and the main book page hasn't been updated since 2019. Unless someone quickly decides to pick up on it, I can't really see it staying here at Wikibooks :/ —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ::Hello there, ::currently I'm working over at the German page, because I have begun to work with a new, more intuitive terminology. My current plan is to first finish the German version and then possibly to translate it. To finish the German version will take at least until the end of this year. Until then, you shouldn't expect any progress. Afterwards, I may feel inclined to pick up the project, depending on my human rights situation. --[[User:Mathmensch|Mathmensch]] ([[User talk:Mathmensch|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mathmensch|contribs]]) 09:26, 8 April 2023 (UTC) == Files from [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)]] == {{closed|1=Deleted for lack of a valid NFCC. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Used for decorative, not educational, purposes: [[:File:Float 13.jpg]], [[:File:Grabbed Frame 15.jpg]], [[:File:Gandof.jpg]], [[:File:Ohalland.jpg]], [[:File:Braskascan1.jpg]], [[:File:Tidus FFX.png]] ([[WB:NFCC]]#8). — Ирука<sup>[[user:Iruka13|13]]</sup> 13:54, 17 July 2023 (UTC) :Sure, I think I can agree on the removal of these [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:24, 22 July 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Radium SmartChain]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:48, 23 July 2024 (UTC)}} including the closely related books: * [[XRADON Supernet]] * [[Radium Core]] These books are a borderline advertisement for a cryptocurrency project. Moreover, the project has changed substantially since the books were written in 2016-2017 - it's now called "Validity", and most, if not all, of the information in these books is no longer accurate. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 06:39, 21 October 2023 (UTC) :{{comment}} I'm not sure it's blatant enough to be considered advertising? Since it technically is a how-to? But, if it is out of date, that could warrant deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Hence "borderline". Some of the subpages like [[Radium Core/Use Cases/Proof of Author]] have more of a promotional air to them. But yes, the instructional content is all badly out of date; there are edits [[Special:Diff/3554520|as far back as 2019]] from users trying to mark the books as being outdated, and it's only gotten worse since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:16, 24 October 2023 (UTC) :{{del}} If it wasn't outdated, I would vote keep, but... [[User:ForTheGrammar|ForTheGrammar]] ([[User talk:ForTheGrammar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ForTheGrammar|contribs]]) 01:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Various pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == {{closed|1=consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:38, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} The following pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] seem out of scope because they consist entirely of personal promotion/advertisement for the author's photography: * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians II]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Lights of Moscow]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Ethiopia through the eyes of traveler]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/On the roads of India]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/14 days in Mongolia]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Uganda: tribes and civilization]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Tribes of Kenya]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:13, 25 February 2024 (UTC) :Frankly, the entire book appears to be a vehicle for the author to promote his own photography. The few sentences of instructional content on pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in macro photography]] are practically useless; that one amounts to "to take macro photos, set your camera to macro mode and hold it close to the subject, or read another book for more information". Other pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Interior photography in hobo tours]] or [[Basics of fine-art photography/Taking pictures of homeless people]] provide essentially no information on photography technique at all, and seem to mostly be intended as jumping-off points to showcase more of the author's photos. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:40, 11 March 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[History of Grand-Popo]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:11, 22 September 2024 (UTC)}} Suited for enWP not WB, appears to be a simple import with no likely development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:28, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Lists and links are not a textbook. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:01, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} This book is essentially a compilation of lists and links—I don't think it's actually in-scope here as a book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Selected Essays]] == {{closed|1=Deleted}} Seems completely out of WB scope; it's just a collection of unrelated personal essays. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:52, 1 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} Agreed, personal essays and not ones that can easily be used, at that. [[User:Icandostuff|<span style="color:Red">I</span> <span style="color:Yellow">can</span> <span style="color:Lime">do</span> <span style="color:#00ffff">stuff</span><span style="color:Blue">!</span> ]] ([[User talk:Icandostuff|talk]]) 12:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Remembering the Templars]] == Seems to be pretty much an encyclopedic article about the Knights Templar, which makes it out of scope; enormous amount of links to enWP and may even just be an import. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC) *'''Keep'''. This is one of [[User:Panic2k4|Panic2k4's]] books, not a WP import. They remain an active, if sporadic, contributor and may well return to this in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:41, 24 October 2024 (UTC) *:I just realized they were never notified about the nom, so I'll go ahead and do so on their talk page for posterity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:10, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Half-Life Computation]] == Doesn't seem in-scope as a book—just seems like a single page on how to do a specific calculation. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[God and Religious Toleration]] == {{closed|1=clear consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:45, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} This book was [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/God and Religious Toleration|previously nominated for deletion in 2011]], but kept largely because of its theoretical potential for improvement. It's now over a decade later, and no real improvement has been made. The book has the following issues: * A lack of clearly defined educational/instructional scope, structure, or aims overall * A lack of structure in each existing chapter * Significant NPOV and lack-of-evidence/citations I've gone through the book to try to improve it somewhat, but it largely feels like a disorganized dumping ground for a variety of abstract thoughts, many of which are heavily biased. At this point, given the amount of time it has had for improvement and the lack thereof, I don't think it has a place at Wikibooks. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC) :This book is very important in this day and age. Tolerance between religions is important for world peace. Without tolerance, chaos breaks out in the world. We should promote tolerance between religions. If the good guys keep quiet, the bad guys win. Is that what you want? A better way is to simply add a chapter of yours to the book and contribute your suggestions to world peace and the strengthening of love in the world. @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]] ([[User talk:Nobody60|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nobody60|contribs]]) 08:46, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Support deleting as per issues pointed out in nom. @[[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]], there are kilometers between deleting a bad, biased book and supporting religious intolerance or whatever it is you're accusing the nom of doing. Wikibooks is a project with a definite, reachable and concrete goal, which this book doesn't meet, never met and probably would never meet. --[[User:YuriNikolai|YuriNikolai]] ([[User talk:YuriNikolai|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/YuriNikolai|contribs]]) 02:10, 27 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 07:44, 27 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Not only is this material not presented from a neutral point of view, it's not even a mainstream religious POV. Much like [[Developing A Universal Religion]] (also up for deletion), the goal of this text appears to be to create and promote a new syncretic religious movement, complete with its own new beliefs and practices; this is very much outside the scope of Wikibooks. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:24, 3 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} as per [[WB:NOR]]: I am all for religious tolerance but all against religious acquiescence. [[User:Jeaucques Quœure|Jeaucques Quœure]] ([[User talk:Jeaucques Quœure|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jeaucques Quœure|contribs]]) 07:30, 26 September 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Kashubian Dictionary]] == [[WB:DICT|Out of scope]] here; material should be hosted at Wiktionary (I've [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Information desk/2024/May|suggested it there]]). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC) :Any content in this dictionary should be already be at [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Requested entries (Kashubian)/Kashubian Dictionary]], where we will be able to slowly make entries for these. [[User:Vininn126|Vininn126]] ([[User talk:Vininn126|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vininn126|contribs]]) 21:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Biblioþeke]] == Out of scope; seems to be an incomplete translation of the bible into a conlang. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:16, 29 May 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikis for Retail Store Managers]] == Abandoned, unclear scope, little content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:30, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Human Geography]] == Abandoned for two decades without any development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:50, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The page has a list of chapters/sections, but these are not linked. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:56, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]] == Abandoned, very little meaningful content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Scrapebook Linguistics]] == Abandoned, little to no meaningful content, unclear scope or potential for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:05, 8 June 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - an earlier version of this page was imported to Wikiversity as [[:v:Special:Permalink/15674|Portal:Linguistics]] (and subsequently edited into oblivion). The followup edits here aren't needed at WV. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:22, 25 July 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Be a Good Camp Counselor]] == Book is un/under-developed and abandoned, and the scope/potential for development is somewhat unclear to me. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989/Manual for Obtention of Driving licence: Signals and Lights]] == Abandoned with non-English. Not belonging under [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989]], that Taiwanese administrative regulation since 1989 would not contain such a manual.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 16:55, 4 July 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per above —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 5 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Australian Property Law]] == Has only one page (introduction) with little content. It has been abandoned now for almost 20 years with no development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:35, 10 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Subpages are redlinks except for [[Australian Property Law/Introduction]], which does not save the material. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:09, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Chinese Checkers]] == Extremely minimal content and abandoned for almost 20 years. Was previously nominated for deletion in 2006 but kept on the grounds that it could be expanded—clearly this has not happened. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Niw Englisch]] == Fiction / original research - a conlang being (very slowly) created by the author of the book. The following books are closely related to that project and should be deleted as well: * [[NiwEnglisc]] * [[Þat englisce Alphabet]] * [[Lernung þer Stafræwe]] * [[Þe ettbære Garden]] as well as [[Biblioþeke]], which has already been nominated for deletion. :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' all per the above. I can find no evidence of the conlang outside Wikibooks and this sole author. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Mac OS X Leopard]] == Yet another abandoned, underdeveloped book on an obsolete operating system. (Mac OS X Leopard was released in 2007, and has been unsupported since 2011.) If there were more content in this book, it could possibly be refactored into a version-independent book about macOS, but there's effectively nothing here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 14 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. If it were more fleshed out, it could be kept as archival. However, there's so little there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:47, 24 July 2024 (UTC) == [[3DTin User's Guide]] == Abandoned >1 decade, undeveloped, very little content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:29, 20 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - 3DTin was a web application which [https://3dtin.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/the-next-chapter/ shut down in 2016], so this book no longer serves any purpose, and certainly isn't going to be expanded. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Advanced Calculus]] == Abandoned for many years; consists of only one page for one theorem; no introduction or scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Algebra and Number Theory]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of one page with very little content; no introduction or scope —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Has a list of redlinks for subpages; there is one subpage: [[Algebra and Number Theory/Elementary Number Theory]]. This is not useful and has been abandoned for too long. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:05, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basic Ancient Greek]] == Abandoned for many years; very little actual content; only real contributor was an IP whose last edit was in 2015. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:37, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:06, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender Game Engine for Morons]] == Abandoned for at least a decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:41, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[BOINC]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content; unclear scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:43, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Open View NNM Exam Guide]] == One page only; abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. [[w:HP OpenView|HP OpenView]] no longer exists as a product (and its successor HP Network Management Center has been discontinued as well!); neither does HP's certification exam for it. There's certainly no purpose in writing a new guide for a nonexistent exam for a obsolete product. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:54, 23 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Games]] == Abandoned for ~1 decade; little to no meaningful content; one paragraph in entire book; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Biochemistry/The Cell]] == <div style="padding:0.5em;">[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|36px|link=]] The following discussion has concluded. Please open a new discussion for any further comments.</div> <div class="collapsible boilerplate metadata" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; margin:0em; padding:10px; border:1px solid #999999;"> <div class="title" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; padding:0px; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"> abandoned and undeveloped and per comments below —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:47, 14 October 2024 (UTC)</span></div> <div class="body" style="text-align:left"> <hr /> Not particularly in scope for the book as it is; content is not particularly meaningful, educational, helpful, or well-developed (e.g. what does it mean for red blood cells to "helps in structure of the body"?) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Even if the strange or outright wrong statements were removed (like describing a cell as "a small particle or organism", or implying that red and white blood cells are the only types of cell!), this sort of very basic explanation would be more at home in an introductory text on biology, not a text on biochemistry which assumes familiarity with these topics. (And indeed, there are much better explanations in books like [[Biology, Answering the Big Questions of Life/Cells]].) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) </div></div> == [[Folktales from the Mon People of Koh Kred]] == Seems to be out of scope, since Wikibooks does not host fiction. –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:29, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:11, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == [[High performance computing]] == Abandoned >1 decade; only contains main page with little content; scope not well-defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 28 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:52, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Doom Modding]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope/path to completion —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:20, 28 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max]] == Abandoned >1 decade; one chapter only, which contains only a handful of sentences. Not enough content and no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{del}} per nom. The only subpage is this: [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max/HDRI Maps]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:51, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages in [[Security+ Certification]] == Both [[Security+ Certification/Threats and Vulnerabilities]] and [[Security+ Certification/Network Security]] seem to be deprecated per @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]]'s recent overhaul; moreover, the pages in question seem to consist entirely of outlinks to Wikipedia. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:32, 3 August 2024 (UTC) == Obsolete Microsoft certification guides == * [[MCSE Server 2003 Certification Core Exams]] (exam 70-290 retired July 2013) * [[Microsoft Certified IT Professional]] (exam 70-444 retired June 2011; exam 70-450 retired July 2015) * [[Microsoft Certified Professional Developer]] (exams 70-526, 70-528, 70-529, 70-547, 70-548 retired June 2011; exams 70-290, 70-536 retired July 2013) These books all correspond to Microsoft certification exams which were retired in 2011-2015, and consist almost entirely of lists of course objectives copied from official course materials. There's almost no original educational content in any of these three books, and it's highly unlikely that they're going to be improved, since the certification exams they correspond to are no longer offered. (Reference for the exam retirement dates is: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/support/retired-certification-exams) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:27, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} per the above; additionally, some of these have very little content at all. Some pages may be candidates for speedy deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[GNU Autoconf]] == Little to no meaningful content, abandoned >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:42, 4 August 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. Nothing particularly salvageable from this. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:07, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Textbook Reviews]] == Very little meaningful educational content; seems like opinion at most? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:45, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Kurdish]] == Very little content at all, no outline or potential for development; abandoned for years. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:46, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:49, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[English-Arabic dictionary]] == Out of scope at Wikibooks since this is already completely covered by Wiktionary. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:49, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{comment}} [[English-Arabic dictionary/Colors in Arabic]] gets a nontrivial amount of traffic (~50 views/day). It'd be nice if we could at least preserve this as a redirect to an equivalent resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * '''Keep''': a book selecting vocabulary into introductory groups is very different from a lexical database such as Wiktionary. In Wiktionary, one does not know where to start learning the vocabulary. Admittedly, the title gives excessively broad scope, so something should probably be done. (The argument with 50 views/day has some force.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Audacity]] == Abandoned 17 years; consists only of paltry introduction. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:43, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - Audacity already has high-quality, freely licensed documentation at https://manual.audacityteam.org/ (and it's even a wiki!). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:57, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Java Logging]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:44, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. All indicated subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:27, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Mercury Programming]] == Abandoned >1 decade; undeveloped (single page only); no scope or plan for expansion/future development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:46, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Mercury Programming/Types]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:26, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Server+ Certification]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content; mostly a few section headers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[NetBeans]] == No meaningful content; chapter list only; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. No subpages; all listed subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Valgrind]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope; no path forward for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:52, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - readers would be much better off with [https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html Valgrind's own quick start guide] (which is even freely licensed). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:32, 18 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Open Religion]] == Original research/soapbox/NPOV; abandoned >1 decade; main page only —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:40, 24 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - out of scope religious/philosophical content similar to [[#Developing a Universal Religion]], but less developed. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:58, 25 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}. For the record, the page starts: "This project is to create an Open Source religion and philosophy, transparent and accessible to all, directed to interest all without discrimination." By the way, I would not mind instead quasi-deleting by moving to userspace of the main author so that anyone can review later what kind of material is being deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:03, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming for the consultant]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:42, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Programming for the consultant/Approaching A New Code Base]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:24, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Metroid]] == Abandoned; main page only; no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:44, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom; could be speedy. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:00, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Radiata Stories]] == Abandoned; little to no meaningful content; one page only with little content; no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The one existing subpage is [[Radiata Stories/Character Recruitment]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:23, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Prehistory of Globalization/Preface]] == Orphaned page; little to no meaningful content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:38, 25 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Dialect]] == Scope unclear; abandoned with no plan for development; little to no meaningful content; most pages qualify for speedy anyway. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 5 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:21, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming Text Adventures In Basic]] == Main page only; abandoned >1 decade; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:17, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom, but I think a change of [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] is needed so that we can delete useless stubs abandoned for a long time. The nominated page cannot be of any use as is. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:59, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[UNIX Basics]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:23, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}: no meaningful content. A bit of meaningful content is in [[Guide to Unix]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:53, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Write a Compiler]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:24, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom: almost no meaningful content. No further reading. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Script Languages Synopsis]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little content; unclear path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:26, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Epicurus]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 13:33, 6 October 2024 (UTC)}} Merging with the other Epicurus page. {{unsigned|TheoYalur}} {{end closed}} === [[Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως)]] === Merging with the other Epicurus page. [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' I'm leaning towards this whole book being deleted. The scope and structure of this book as an educational textbook are unclear and the whole thing seems potentially like original research or an essay. Unless I've missed something, the main editor seems unresponsive to querying and is repeatedly removing the query flags. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:13, 25 September 2024 (UTC) =={{anchor|Network+ Certification}}{{anchor|Security+ Certification}}{{anchor|A+ Certification}} CompTIA Certifications == [[Network+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Network+|Wikiversity]]. [[Security+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Security+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. [[A+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:A+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. De-duplicating work across Wikimedia. Subpages should all be deleted as well. Might be worth leaving a redirect to WV for future users. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:02, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :I centralized at Wikiversity since the projects (as of now) are compendiums of links and resources based on the listed objectives of each exam, sometimes with explicitly suggested 'activities'. Very little in the way of 'book'-like exposition. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:06, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :Thought about leaving a {{tlx|MovedToWikiversity}} but that template has been deleted in the past. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:52, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikiversal generated pages == * [[Wiki Assistant]] * [[User Page Builder]] *: Inexplicably, the links on the main page of this book all point to pages under [[:w:User:Hazel45onnie/User Page Builder]] '''on the English Wikipedia'''. I'm nominating those pages for deletion on enwiki as a separate process ([[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikiversuite pages|here]]). * [[WikiverSuite/Wikiversant/Gunport Builder Demo 1]] * [[Wiki Tutorial]] *: Some of the internal links in this book are written as if the book is named [[Tutorial]] instead of [[Wiki Tutorial]]. You may have to use [[Special:Prefixindex/Wiki Tutorial]] to read through the whole thing. These books were all generated using Wikiversal, a third-party wiki editing tool written by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer downloadable. Many of them contain broken internal links or other outdated content (like references to Wikiversity being a subproject of Wikibooks), and the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them unreasonably difficult to edit. (As as aside, the markup used for these "presentations" is completely broken on the mobile site, e.g. [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_Page_Builder]. For some reason, the forward/back buttons are invisible, making it impossible to navigate from page to page.) The first three books are all instructions on how to use Wikiversal itself. Since it's no longer available, they are of no use. The fourth, while described as a "Wiki tutorial", primarily instructs users to use Wikiversal to build pages on the wiki; its main page should probably be redirected to [[Using Wikibooks]] as a much more comprehensive resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:44, 20 September 2024 (UTC) ::It isn't inexplicable that these pages and links are on the English Wikipedia. The spammers who developed these pages were primarily trying to peddle software for use on the English Wikipedia. Their pages on the English Wikipedia are also pending deletion as misusing Wikipedia for web hosting. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC) :::Based on the name and some of the user's (now deleted) activity on Wikiversity, I think the software was actually intended primarily for use on Wikibooks and/or Wikiversity. Why they decided to host some of its documentation on Wikipedia is a mystery. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:52, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::::It isn't worth trying to explain the behavior of spammers. Sometimes the explanation is stupidity and greed. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:05, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::<del>I haven't yet looked at the deletion request here. I am primarily an English Wikipedia editor, just as [[User:Omphalographer]] is primarily a Commons editor. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)</del> *'''Delete All''' - Spam. These books were created twelve years ago to peddle software to new users. This was an abuse of Wikimedia for commercial purposes. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:51, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]] == Much like the Wikiversal pages nominated above, this book is documentation for a piece of self-authored software by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer available for download. I can't find any substantial references to this software anywhere online outside of this book itself, so it seems highly unlikely to be useful to anyone. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per the above. If the software is not currently available and was never widely available or notable previously, I don't see why keeping it is useful, even for historicity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:36, 20 September 2024 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - This is more spam by a spammer. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:17, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Roblox WF Wars]] == No textual content at all, just a couple of tables of data. I can't find any other information online about this game; for all we know, it may not even exist. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:30, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' as stated above. The content is so minimal, and the scope is not defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 20 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == : [[Alo, Jonathan!]] : [[Bune Ğonatan!]] : [[Dag, Jonathan!]] : [[Glidis, o Jonathan!]] : [[Hai, Jon!]] : [[Hallo, Jonathan!]] : [[Haloo, Jonatan!]] : [[Hay, Jonathan!]] : [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)]] : [[Hej, Jonathan!]] : [[Hela, Jonathan!]] : [[Holo, Jonathan!]] : [[Oila, Jonatan!]] : [[Salam, Jonathan!]] : [[Salom, Jonatan!]] : [[Salu, Jon!]] : [[Salut Jonathan!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)]] : [[Salut, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, ionatano!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan!]] : [[Sesan Jon!]] : [[Simi, Jonathan!]] : [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]] : [[Terve, Jonathan!]] : [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!]] : [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!]] : [[Òla, Ionatà!]] There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. :[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine :How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::Hi! :::Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. :::So the idea is the following: :::1 Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::2 The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::3 For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::4 The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. :::Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. :::[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. ::::Cheers! –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::::Hello again, :::::It's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::[[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::Keep. Content of educational value that helps learn languages. I think more translations to natural languages should be produced. -[[User:Bronto Rex|Bronto Rex]] ([[User talk:Bronto Rex|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bronto Rex|contribs]]) 14:02, 11 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Wooden Boats: Building and Repair]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; a few pages, but each has only a few lines of text. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stellar Scintillation]] == Extremely narrow scope that I don't think is quite book-worthy, especially given the low amount of content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Future Teachers Meet Wiki]] == Abandoned; scope doesn't seem right for Wikibooks; underdeveloped. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this feels like it was an attempt to use Wikibooks to organize a university project and collect student writings; even if it had made more progress, it's not clear that the outcome would have been a textbook. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[East Indian Marathi]] == Abandoned >1 decade, almost no content at all, simple dictionary that should probably be transferred to Wiktionary if it hasn't already. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * '''Delete''' per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Spanish]] == Abandoned 2 decades; seems like an idea for a book that was never actually implemented (minimal meaningful content) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:55, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Luxembourgish]] == Abandoned; only non-main page is a list of movies—otherwise no meaningful content [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Data Recovery]] == Seems out of scope for an educational book; a couple paragraphs at most with no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:58, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is a worthy topic, but what's written here meanders between being vague and being actively bad advice. (The <code>strings</code> command is not an appropriate data recovery tool.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Competitive Programming]] == Survived deletion previously on the justification that it could potentially be expanded, but it's since been over a decade with no improvement; extremely minimal educational content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:03, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:TheoYalur]] == * [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] * [[The Sight and Sound of the Greek Genocide Around the Kültürpark in Izmir]] * [[God Disorder]] These pages all appear to be personal essays, not educational texts. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:53, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :They are all original research. The editor asked to be unblocked so they could move to Wikiversity where OR is permitted. As they have now returned to creating these dubious pages, I have blocked them again and deleted the most recent creation as out of scope original research. The "reader" might be acceptable. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I'm not sure about [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] since it has NPOV issues and it reads like a self-published essay piece with personal hypothesizing/opinion/research, no references, etc. Its educational scope is still somewhat unclear, as is the structure—it does not seem textbook-like in form or style. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:43, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :::You spent more time reading it than me I suspect. I only skimmed it, but I am sure you are right that it has the same issues as the other creations and should be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:14, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::::With regard to the "Reader", at best it's a collection of loosely translated excerpts of texts which, for the most part, already have quality translations available on Wikisource. For instance, the section [[Henri Poincaré Reader#The Measure of Time (1898)]] is already translated as [[:s:The Foundations of Science/The Value of Science/Chapter 2]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:39, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[User:גני טווילרי]] == Please delete a redirection page of the former user page, which was not active in the En Wikibooks. Thank you. [[User:לובר|לובר]] ([[User talk:לובר|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/לובר|contribs]]) 02:15, 16 October 2024 (UTC) :{{re|לובר}} {{done}} though in the future please use {{tl|speedy}} for such deletions. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:53, 16 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management]] == As best I can tell, this was intended at one point to be an internal resource for employees of an ODU (Old Dominion University) career office; what little of it exists is primarily focused on minutae irrelevant to anyone outside that office, like [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Oriented/How we do it|who to email to schedule an information session]] or a collection of [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Up-to-Date/CAP Meeting|meeting notes]]. It's also all been essentially untouched since 2007. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:49, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per stated reasoning —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Golf]] == Extremely minimal content; educational/book scope is unclear; abandoned for >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Counterterror Joint Command]] == Unclear how this falls into WB scope—doesn't seem to be an educational book, and educational scope is undefined; abandoned as well —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:17, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is perplexing; it's written like a policy proposal on behalf of an agency, not a textbook. From context I ''think'' it's about the [[:w:National Police Agency (Taiwan)]], but it's entirely unclear whether this was intended as an official report or some sort of weird fan fiction. Either way, it doesn't belong here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:31, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Flight Attendant Manual]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; consists only of a list of country codes and the phonetic alphabet. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[History of the ODU Art Department]] == A collection of fragmentary biographies and interviews of members of the ODU (Old Dominion University) art department. Some of these are individually interesting, I guess, but they don't really add up to a history of the department, let alone to an instructional text. Most editing activity appears to have been around 2008-09; there's almost no activity since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Making Neon Signs]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Was imported from WP (as the nominator suspected) and is still just a WP article, not a textbook. Out of scope and abandoned. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:31, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Seems just like an imported WP article; educational book scope unclear; abandoned for years —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Stone Masonry]] == Abandoned >1 decade; educational scope unclear; minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this reads almost like a speech thanking stonemasons for their work; there's no substantial information here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:08, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Understanding the National Certificate of Educational Achievement]] == Scope unclear; very little content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:30, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Release Management]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; very little content; unclear what its scope as a book is —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Management for IT Professionals]] == Minimal content; book scope unclear; abandoned almost 2 decades —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Living in Bangkok]] == Minimal content; consists of single chapter that contains likely outdated information —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:14, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Limburgish]] == Abandoned; single chapter with minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :In general, I think deletion not solve anything. While the contents is minimal, it's still better than nothing at all. Rather, an invitation should be made to expand on it. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ooswesthoesbes|contribs]]) 06:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]! While I understand your perspective, I unfortunately disagree. Wikibooks has a huge number of abandoned stubs like this one, which I think results in clutter and makes the entire project less useful as a result. Due to their nature and structure, books require a greater committed investment to make than, say, WP articles, and these little scraps are rarely developed here. This book has had plenty of opportunity for expansion since you started it over a decade ago, but nobody has actually made any effort to do so. Based on the evidence from the past decade, when weighing the likelihood of the book being properly developed going forward versus the active negative impact of its continued presence in this state, I favor deletion. Moreover, in the rare case that someone came along later and wanted to revive this book specifically, it could be undeleted. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:55, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Introduction to BASIC]] == Consists only of a few paragraphs and then a compilation of links —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Media Vault]] == Book-like scope is unclear; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:35, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - how-to content isn't necessarily out of scope, but this only describes how to perform a single (fairly straightforward) task, for a product which has been off the market for ~15 years and is unlikely to be of interest to future editors. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:02, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[GUI Design Principles]] == Single page that was never properly integrated into a book as it should have been —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:37, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender 3D: Game-making in Blender]] == Obsolete book with almost no content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:38, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basketball]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; doesn't contain much beyond what you'd find in a WP article —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:41, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Bug Free Programming]] == Unclear how exactly this constitutes an educational book; scope is unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:45, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Wow, I didn't even remember this one. I think it's perfectly clear how this is educational and the scope couldn't be clearer, either, but I'm not going to finish it so go ahead and delete it. [[User:Főszerkesztő Úr|Főszerkesztő Úr]] ([[User talk:Főszerkesztő Úr|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Főszerkesztő Úr|contribs]]) 12:35, 23 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Citroën XM]] == Abandoned >1 decade; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Happiness]] == Significant NPOV issues; not much content; abandoned for >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:58, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Islamic Studies Grade 1]] == Abandoned >1 decade with very little content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:03, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - the table of contents makes it clear that this book was intended to house POV religious content (e.g. a chapter titled "Allah Is The One"). This is incompatible with [[WB:NPOV]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Austrian German]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; scope not well outlined, main page only; minimal content insufficient for book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == Several pages in [[Hobo tourism]] == The following pages are entirely self-promotional content that is suitable for a blog but not WB (same contributor made the [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Various pages in Basics of fine-art photography|now-deleted pages from above]]). * [[Hobo tourism/Third creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa]] * [[Hobo tourism/Third African trip]] * [[Hobo tourism/Visiting Death]] * [[Hobo tourism/One day in an Afghan prison]] * [[Hobo tourism/Around the world with empty pockets]] * [[Hobo tourism/Indian dreams]] * [[Hobo tourism/Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars]] * [[Hobo tourism/Holiday of wandering mzungu]] * [[Hobo tourism/Afghan prisoner]] * [[Hobo tourism/Two hundred days in Latin America]] * [[Hobo tourism/Mongolian huyvaldagch]] * [[Hobo tourism/Six months by islands... and countries]] * [[Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's expedition to the Islands of Oceania]] * [[Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's solo expedition to Africa (2017/18)]] * [[Hobo tourism/Latin American expedition of Viktor Pinchuk]] * [[Hobo tourism/Bum tour of winter Japan]] * [[Hobo tourism/Afghan Expedition of Viktor Pinchuk]] * [[Hobo tourism/Second creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa]] * [[Hobo tourism/Creative trip to Mongolia]] * [[Hobo tourism/Creative trip to India]] * [[Hobo tourism/First creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa]] * [[Hobo tourism/Tropical fever in the bum tour (an example from practice)]] * [[Hobo tourism/African Robbery]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:01, 24 October 2024 (UTC) g6j6reyv92j0ko0ggczglel66nii8r7 4442405 4442403 2024-10-24T22:17:57Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Several pages in Hobo tourism */ add 4442405 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{Requests for deletion/Archives}} {{Requests for deletion/Using Template:Icon}} {{clear}} = Undeletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} ==[[City Of Heroes]]== {{closed|Was undeleted —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} A book that was deleted when strategy guides were not allowed. See discussion -<span style="background:yellow;>User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 <span style="color:blue span> 17:13, 12 November 2022 (UTC)</span></span> :This book was deleted about 16 years ago and only one page had a significant amount of content. It could all be undeleted but would probably be better re-made from scratch.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 01:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC) ::'''Undeleted it''' with many first-level subpages. Yet [[City Of Heroes/Archetypes]], [[City Of Heroes/Powers]], [[City Of Heroes/General Help]], [[City Of Heroes/Enhancements]], [[City Of Heroes/Binds]] and [[City Of Heroes/Badges]] have even more subpages to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC) :::'''Undeleted''' many subpages of the above subpages, less obviously useless versions. Yet any administrators are hereby advised to check [[Special:Undelete]] for more to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 21:52, 21 August 2023 (UTC) :Remaking this content from scratch might be difficult - the game shut down in 2012. There's a small community of users running private servers based on leaked source code (!), but far fewer than when the game was active. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 26 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Mass undeletion of books that were deleted when strategy guides were not allowed.]]== {{closed|Not done —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Couldn't we just mass undelete these books? [[User:Garfieldcat1978|Garfieldcat1978]] ([[User talk:Garfieldcat1978|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Garfieldcat1978|contribs]]) 18:25, 20 February 2023 (UTC) Letting bot archive as needed. :Listing which works would be much better.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:51, 19 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} ==Requesting for undeletion of the page "Jumarkese"== {{closed|Not restored —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Hi, I just want to ask the administrators to restore my deleted page, "Jumarkese". I am begging you, I hope you will forgive me. Actually, I just noticed today that you deleted my page. I don't know your reasons why you did that. But I hope you can grant my request to restore my deleted page "Jumarkese" as soon as possible. Thank you. [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 16:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]]. You can see the reasoning under the corresponding section below. It consisted of original research, which is out of scope at Wikibooks, and this type of decision is precedented. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:54, 17 April 2024 (UTC) ::What do you mean by original research? [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 06:12, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :See [[Wikibooks:Original research]]. Neither Wikibooks nor Wikipedia allow original research.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 07:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} = Deletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} {{clear}} <!-- New nominations go at the bottom of page --> == [[The Computer Revolution/Computers and Environment/Nanotechnology]] == {{closed|1=Consensus to delete. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:58, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} Consists of excerpts from third parties. Those from ''New Scientist'', do not appear to be under a compatible licence. {{Unsigned|Mbrickn|07:33, 10 January 2023‎}} :I'm not sure it's enough of a violation for deletion? Based on a [https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikibooks&title=The+Computer+Revolution%2FComputers+and+Environment%2FNanotechnology&oldid=&action=search&use_engine=1&use_links=1&turnitin=0 copyvio comparison], the text seems mostly paraphrased. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:44, 10 January 2023 (UTC) :{{vd}} The content of this page is ''entirely'' quotes and summaries of articles. The opening is a copy-paste quote of the linked Rice University page, the "examples of nanomaterials" are taken from [[doi:10.1021/es0506509]] (or, more likely, from another article summarizing it), and the two paragraphs following that are inaccurate summaries of the (already pop-science) ''New Scientist'' articles cited. There's no original content here whatsoever, and I'm not even sure how any of this is related to the overall topic of "the computer revolution" - these articles are about chemistry, not computing. :This entire book is in pretty bad shape, frankly. Everything about it has the look of a class project where each student picked (or was assigned) a topic to write about individually, and their work was combined into a book. The results lack both coherence and quality, and I'm having a hard time seeing how this could ever be fixed short of throwing it all out and starting over. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:08, 14 August 2024 (UTC) ::After taking another look at the page, I now agree that it at least should be deleted. The content is not useful or coherent, and has issues as described above. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:19, 14 August 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Dynamical Systems]] == This seems to be abandoned book, the only content is largly vacuous. I don't believe it is likely to be extended or worked on because it is both a technical topic, and represents to original author's goals for such a book (graduate level vs undergraduate). [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 20:46, 23 February 2023 (UTC) :It does seem abandoned; the single existing page hasn't been updated since 2018 and the main book page hasn't been updated since 2019. Unless someone quickly decides to pick up on it, I can't really see it staying here at Wikibooks :/ —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ::Hello there, ::currently I'm working over at the German page, because I have begun to work with a new, more intuitive terminology. My current plan is to first finish the German version and then possibly to translate it. To finish the German version will take at least until the end of this year. Until then, you shouldn't expect any progress. Afterwards, I may feel inclined to pick up the project, depending on my human rights situation. --[[User:Mathmensch|Mathmensch]] ([[User talk:Mathmensch|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mathmensch|contribs]]) 09:26, 8 April 2023 (UTC) == Files from [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)]] == {{closed|1=Deleted for lack of a valid NFCC. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Used for decorative, not educational, purposes: [[:File:Float 13.jpg]], [[:File:Grabbed Frame 15.jpg]], [[:File:Gandof.jpg]], [[:File:Ohalland.jpg]], [[:File:Braskascan1.jpg]], [[:File:Tidus FFX.png]] ([[WB:NFCC]]#8). — Ирука<sup>[[user:Iruka13|13]]</sup> 13:54, 17 July 2023 (UTC) :Sure, I think I can agree on the removal of these [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:24, 22 July 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Radium SmartChain]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:48, 23 July 2024 (UTC)}} including the closely related books: * [[XRADON Supernet]] * [[Radium Core]] These books are a borderline advertisement for a cryptocurrency project. Moreover, the project has changed substantially since the books were written in 2016-2017 - it's now called "Validity", and most, if not all, of the information in these books is no longer accurate. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 06:39, 21 October 2023 (UTC) :{{comment}} I'm not sure it's blatant enough to be considered advertising? Since it technically is a how-to? But, if it is out of date, that could warrant deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Hence "borderline". Some of the subpages like [[Radium Core/Use Cases/Proof of Author]] have more of a promotional air to them. But yes, the instructional content is all badly out of date; there are edits [[Special:Diff/3554520|as far back as 2019]] from users trying to mark the books as being outdated, and it's only gotten worse since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:16, 24 October 2023 (UTC) :{{del}} If it wasn't outdated, I would vote keep, but... [[User:ForTheGrammar|ForTheGrammar]] ([[User talk:ForTheGrammar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ForTheGrammar|contribs]]) 01:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Various pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == {{closed|1=consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:38, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} The following pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] seem out of scope because they consist entirely of personal promotion/advertisement for the author's photography: * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians II]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Lights of Moscow]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Ethiopia through the eyes of traveler]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/On the roads of India]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/14 days in Mongolia]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Uganda: tribes and civilization]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Tribes of Kenya]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:13, 25 February 2024 (UTC) :Frankly, the entire book appears to be a vehicle for the author to promote his own photography. The few sentences of instructional content on pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in macro photography]] are practically useless; that one amounts to "to take macro photos, set your camera to macro mode and hold it close to the subject, or read another book for more information". Other pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Interior photography in hobo tours]] or [[Basics of fine-art photography/Taking pictures of homeless people]] provide essentially no information on photography technique at all, and seem to mostly be intended as jumping-off points to showcase more of the author's photos. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:40, 11 March 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[History of Grand-Popo]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:11, 22 September 2024 (UTC)}} Suited for enWP not WB, appears to be a simple import with no likely development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:28, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Lists and links are not a textbook. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:01, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} This book is essentially a compilation of lists and links—I don't think it's actually in-scope here as a book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Selected Essays]] == {{closed|1=Deleted}} Seems completely out of WB scope; it's just a collection of unrelated personal essays. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:52, 1 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} Agreed, personal essays and not ones that can easily be used, at that. [[User:Icandostuff|<span style="color:Red">I</span> <span style="color:Yellow">can</span> <span style="color:Lime">do</span> <span style="color:#00ffff">stuff</span><span style="color:Blue">!</span> ]] ([[User talk:Icandostuff|talk]]) 12:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Remembering the Templars]] == Seems to be pretty much an encyclopedic article about the Knights Templar, which makes it out of scope; enormous amount of links to enWP and may even just be an import. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC) *'''Keep'''. This is one of [[User:Panic2k4|Panic2k4's]] books, not a WP import. They remain an active, if sporadic, contributor and may well return to this in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:41, 24 October 2024 (UTC) *:I just realized they were never notified about the nom, so I'll go ahead and do so on their talk page for posterity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:10, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Half-Life Computation]] == Doesn't seem in-scope as a book—just seems like a single page on how to do a specific calculation. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[God and Religious Toleration]] == {{closed|1=clear consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:45, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} This book was [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/God and Religious Toleration|previously nominated for deletion in 2011]], but kept largely because of its theoretical potential for improvement. It's now over a decade later, and no real improvement has been made. The book has the following issues: * A lack of clearly defined educational/instructional scope, structure, or aims overall * A lack of structure in each existing chapter * Significant NPOV and lack-of-evidence/citations I've gone through the book to try to improve it somewhat, but it largely feels like a disorganized dumping ground for a variety of abstract thoughts, many of which are heavily biased. At this point, given the amount of time it has had for improvement and the lack thereof, I don't think it has a place at Wikibooks. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC) :This book is very important in this day and age. Tolerance between religions is important for world peace. Without tolerance, chaos breaks out in the world. We should promote tolerance between religions. If the good guys keep quiet, the bad guys win. Is that what you want? A better way is to simply add a chapter of yours to the book and contribute your suggestions to world peace and the strengthening of love in the world. @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]] ([[User talk:Nobody60|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nobody60|contribs]]) 08:46, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Support deleting as per issues pointed out in nom. @[[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]], there are kilometers between deleting a bad, biased book and supporting religious intolerance or whatever it is you're accusing the nom of doing. Wikibooks is a project with a definite, reachable and concrete goal, which this book doesn't meet, never met and probably would never meet. --[[User:YuriNikolai|YuriNikolai]] ([[User talk:YuriNikolai|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/YuriNikolai|contribs]]) 02:10, 27 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 07:44, 27 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Not only is this material not presented from a neutral point of view, it's not even a mainstream religious POV. Much like [[Developing A Universal Religion]] (also up for deletion), the goal of this text appears to be to create and promote a new syncretic religious movement, complete with its own new beliefs and practices; this is very much outside the scope of Wikibooks. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:24, 3 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} as per [[WB:NOR]]: I am all for religious tolerance but all against religious acquiescence. [[User:Jeaucques Quœure|Jeaucques Quœure]] ([[User talk:Jeaucques Quœure|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jeaucques Quœure|contribs]]) 07:30, 26 September 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Kashubian Dictionary]] == [[WB:DICT|Out of scope]] here; material should be hosted at Wiktionary (I've [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Information desk/2024/May|suggested it there]]). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC) :Any content in this dictionary should be already be at [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Requested entries (Kashubian)/Kashubian Dictionary]], where we will be able to slowly make entries for these. [[User:Vininn126|Vininn126]] ([[User talk:Vininn126|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vininn126|contribs]]) 21:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Biblioþeke]] == Out of scope; seems to be an incomplete translation of the bible into a conlang. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:16, 29 May 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikis for Retail Store Managers]] == Abandoned, unclear scope, little content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:30, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Human Geography]] == Abandoned for two decades without any development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:50, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The page has a list of chapters/sections, but these are not linked. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:56, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]] == Abandoned, very little meaningful content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Scrapebook Linguistics]] == Abandoned, little to no meaningful content, unclear scope or potential for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:05, 8 June 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - an earlier version of this page was imported to Wikiversity as [[:v:Special:Permalink/15674|Portal:Linguistics]] (and subsequently edited into oblivion). The followup edits here aren't needed at WV. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:22, 25 July 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Be a Good Camp Counselor]] == Book is un/under-developed and abandoned, and the scope/potential for development is somewhat unclear to me. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989/Manual for Obtention of Driving licence: Signals and Lights]] == Abandoned with non-English. Not belonging under [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989]], that Taiwanese administrative regulation since 1989 would not contain such a manual.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 16:55, 4 July 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per above —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 5 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Australian Property Law]] == Has only one page (introduction) with little content. It has been abandoned now for almost 20 years with no development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:35, 10 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Subpages are redlinks except for [[Australian Property Law/Introduction]], which does not save the material. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:09, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Chinese Checkers]] == Extremely minimal content and abandoned for almost 20 years. Was previously nominated for deletion in 2006 but kept on the grounds that it could be expanded—clearly this has not happened. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Niw Englisch]] == Fiction / original research - a conlang being (very slowly) created by the author of the book. The following books are closely related to that project and should be deleted as well: * [[NiwEnglisc]] * [[Þat englisce Alphabet]] * [[Lernung þer Stafræwe]] * [[Þe ettbære Garden]] as well as [[Biblioþeke]], which has already been nominated for deletion. :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' all per the above. I can find no evidence of the conlang outside Wikibooks and this sole author. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Mac OS X Leopard]] == Yet another abandoned, underdeveloped book on an obsolete operating system. (Mac OS X Leopard was released in 2007, and has been unsupported since 2011.) If there were more content in this book, it could possibly be refactored into a version-independent book about macOS, but there's effectively nothing here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 14 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. If it were more fleshed out, it could be kept as archival. However, there's so little there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:47, 24 July 2024 (UTC) == [[3DTin User's Guide]] == Abandoned >1 decade, undeveloped, very little content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:29, 20 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - 3DTin was a web application which [https://3dtin.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/the-next-chapter/ shut down in 2016], so this book no longer serves any purpose, and certainly isn't going to be expanded. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Advanced Calculus]] == Abandoned for many years; consists of only one page for one theorem; no introduction or scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Algebra and Number Theory]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of one page with very little content; no introduction or scope —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Has a list of redlinks for subpages; there is one subpage: [[Algebra and Number Theory/Elementary Number Theory]]. This is not useful and has been abandoned for too long. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:05, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basic Ancient Greek]] == Abandoned for many years; very little actual content; only real contributor was an IP whose last edit was in 2015. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:37, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:06, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender Game Engine for Morons]] == Abandoned for at least a decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:41, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[BOINC]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content; unclear scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:43, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Open View NNM Exam Guide]] == One page only; abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. [[w:HP OpenView|HP OpenView]] no longer exists as a product (and its successor HP Network Management Center has been discontinued as well!); neither does HP's certification exam for it. There's certainly no purpose in writing a new guide for a nonexistent exam for a obsolete product. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:54, 23 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Games]] == Abandoned for ~1 decade; little to no meaningful content; one paragraph in entire book; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Biochemistry/The Cell]] == <div style="padding:0.5em;">[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|36px|link=]] The following discussion has concluded. Please open a new discussion for any further comments.</div> <div class="collapsible boilerplate metadata" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; margin:0em; padding:10px; border:1px solid #999999;"> <div class="title" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; padding:0px; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"> abandoned and undeveloped and per comments below —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:47, 14 October 2024 (UTC)</span></div> <div class="body" style="text-align:left"> <hr /> Not particularly in scope for the book as it is; content is not particularly meaningful, educational, helpful, or well-developed (e.g. what does it mean for red blood cells to "helps in structure of the body"?) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Even if the strange or outright wrong statements were removed (like describing a cell as "a small particle or organism", or implying that red and white blood cells are the only types of cell!), this sort of very basic explanation would be more at home in an introductory text on biology, not a text on biochemistry which assumes familiarity with these topics. (And indeed, there are much better explanations in books like [[Biology, Answering the Big Questions of Life/Cells]].) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) </div></div> == [[Folktales from the Mon People of Koh Kred]] == Seems to be out of scope, since Wikibooks does not host fiction. –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:29, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:11, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == [[High performance computing]] == Abandoned >1 decade; only contains main page with little content; scope not well-defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 28 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:52, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Doom Modding]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope/path to completion —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:20, 28 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max]] == Abandoned >1 decade; one chapter only, which contains only a handful of sentences. Not enough content and no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{del}} per nom. The only subpage is this: [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max/HDRI Maps]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:51, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages in [[Security+ Certification]] == Both [[Security+ Certification/Threats and Vulnerabilities]] and [[Security+ Certification/Network Security]] seem to be deprecated per @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]]'s recent overhaul; moreover, the pages in question seem to consist entirely of outlinks to Wikipedia. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:32, 3 August 2024 (UTC) == Obsolete Microsoft certification guides == * [[MCSE Server 2003 Certification Core Exams]] (exam 70-290 retired July 2013) * [[Microsoft Certified IT Professional]] (exam 70-444 retired June 2011; exam 70-450 retired July 2015) * [[Microsoft Certified Professional Developer]] (exams 70-526, 70-528, 70-529, 70-547, 70-548 retired June 2011; exams 70-290, 70-536 retired July 2013) These books all correspond to Microsoft certification exams which were retired in 2011-2015, and consist almost entirely of lists of course objectives copied from official course materials. There's almost no original educational content in any of these three books, and it's highly unlikely that they're going to be improved, since the certification exams they correspond to are no longer offered. (Reference for the exam retirement dates is: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/support/retired-certification-exams) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:27, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} per the above; additionally, some of these have very little content at all. Some pages may be candidates for speedy deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[GNU Autoconf]] == Little to no meaningful content, abandoned >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:42, 4 August 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. Nothing particularly salvageable from this. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:07, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Textbook Reviews]] == Very little meaningful educational content; seems like opinion at most? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:45, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Kurdish]] == Very little content at all, no outline or potential for development; abandoned for years. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:46, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:49, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[English-Arabic dictionary]] == Out of scope at Wikibooks since this is already completely covered by Wiktionary. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:49, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{comment}} [[English-Arabic dictionary/Colors in Arabic]] gets a nontrivial amount of traffic (~50 views/day). It'd be nice if we could at least preserve this as a redirect to an equivalent resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * '''Keep''': a book selecting vocabulary into introductory groups is very different from a lexical database such as Wiktionary. In Wiktionary, one does not know where to start learning the vocabulary. Admittedly, the title gives excessively broad scope, so something should probably be done. (The argument with 50 views/day has some force.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Audacity]] == Abandoned 17 years; consists only of paltry introduction. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:43, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - Audacity already has high-quality, freely licensed documentation at https://manual.audacityteam.org/ (and it's even a wiki!). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:57, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Java Logging]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:44, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. All indicated subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:27, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Mercury Programming]] == Abandoned >1 decade; undeveloped (single page only); no scope or plan for expansion/future development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:46, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Mercury Programming/Types]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:26, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Server+ Certification]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content; mostly a few section headers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[NetBeans]] == No meaningful content; chapter list only; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. No subpages; all listed subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Valgrind]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope; no path forward for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:52, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - readers would be much better off with [https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html Valgrind's own quick start guide] (which is even freely licensed). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:32, 18 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Open Religion]] == Original research/soapbox/NPOV; abandoned >1 decade; main page only —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:40, 24 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - out of scope religious/philosophical content similar to [[#Developing a Universal Religion]], but less developed. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:58, 25 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}. For the record, the page starts: "This project is to create an Open Source religion and philosophy, transparent and accessible to all, directed to interest all without discrimination." By the way, I would not mind instead quasi-deleting by moving to userspace of the main author so that anyone can review later what kind of material is being deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:03, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming for the consultant]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:42, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Programming for the consultant/Approaching A New Code Base]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:24, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Metroid]] == Abandoned; main page only; no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:44, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom; could be speedy. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:00, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Radiata Stories]] == Abandoned; little to no meaningful content; one page only with little content; no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The one existing subpage is [[Radiata Stories/Character Recruitment]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:23, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Prehistory of Globalization/Preface]] == Orphaned page; little to no meaningful content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:38, 25 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Dialect]] == Scope unclear; abandoned with no plan for development; little to no meaningful content; most pages qualify for speedy anyway. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 5 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:21, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming Text Adventures In Basic]] == Main page only; abandoned >1 decade; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:17, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom, but I think a change of [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] is needed so that we can delete useless stubs abandoned for a long time. The nominated page cannot be of any use as is. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:59, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[UNIX Basics]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:23, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}: no meaningful content. A bit of meaningful content is in [[Guide to Unix]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:53, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Write a Compiler]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:24, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom: almost no meaningful content. No further reading. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Script Languages Synopsis]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little content; unclear path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:26, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Epicurus]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 13:33, 6 October 2024 (UTC)}} Merging with the other Epicurus page. {{unsigned|TheoYalur}} {{end closed}} === [[Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως)]] === Merging with the other Epicurus page. [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' I'm leaning towards this whole book being deleted. The scope and structure of this book as an educational textbook are unclear and the whole thing seems potentially like original research or an essay. Unless I've missed something, the main editor seems unresponsive to querying and is repeatedly removing the query flags. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:13, 25 September 2024 (UTC) =={{anchor|Network+ Certification}}{{anchor|Security+ Certification}}{{anchor|A+ Certification}} CompTIA Certifications == [[Network+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Network+|Wikiversity]]. [[Security+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Security+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. [[A+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:A+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. De-duplicating work across Wikimedia. Subpages should all be deleted as well. Might be worth leaving a redirect to WV for future users. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:02, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :I centralized at Wikiversity since the projects (as of now) are compendiums of links and resources based on the listed objectives of each exam, sometimes with explicitly suggested 'activities'. Very little in the way of 'book'-like exposition. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:06, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :Thought about leaving a {{tlx|MovedToWikiversity}} but that template has been deleted in the past. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:52, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikiversal generated pages == * [[Wiki Assistant]] * [[User Page Builder]] *: Inexplicably, the links on the main page of this book all point to pages under [[:w:User:Hazel45onnie/User Page Builder]] '''on the English Wikipedia'''. I'm nominating those pages for deletion on enwiki as a separate process ([[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikiversuite pages|here]]). * [[WikiverSuite/Wikiversant/Gunport Builder Demo 1]] * [[Wiki Tutorial]] *: Some of the internal links in this book are written as if the book is named [[Tutorial]] instead of [[Wiki Tutorial]]. You may have to use [[Special:Prefixindex/Wiki Tutorial]] to read through the whole thing. These books were all generated using Wikiversal, a third-party wiki editing tool written by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer downloadable. Many of them contain broken internal links or other outdated content (like references to Wikiversity being a subproject of Wikibooks), and the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them unreasonably difficult to edit. (As as aside, the markup used for these "presentations" is completely broken on the mobile site, e.g. [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_Page_Builder]. For some reason, the forward/back buttons are invisible, making it impossible to navigate from page to page.) The first three books are all instructions on how to use Wikiversal itself. Since it's no longer available, they are of no use. The fourth, while described as a "Wiki tutorial", primarily instructs users to use Wikiversal to build pages on the wiki; its main page should probably be redirected to [[Using Wikibooks]] as a much more comprehensive resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:44, 20 September 2024 (UTC) ::It isn't inexplicable that these pages and links are on the English Wikipedia. The spammers who developed these pages were primarily trying to peddle software for use on the English Wikipedia. Their pages on the English Wikipedia are also pending deletion as misusing Wikipedia for web hosting. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC) :::Based on the name and some of the user's (now deleted) activity on Wikiversity, I think the software was actually intended primarily for use on Wikibooks and/or Wikiversity. Why they decided to host some of its documentation on Wikipedia is a mystery. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:52, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::::It isn't worth trying to explain the behavior of spammers. Sometimes the explanation is stupidity and greed. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:05, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::<del>I haven't yet looked at the deletion request here. I am primarily an English Wikipedia editor, just as [[User:Omphalographer]] is primarily a Commons editor. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)</del> *'''Delete All''' - Spam. These books were created twelve years ago to peddle software to new users. This was an abuse of Wikimedia for commercial purposes. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:51, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]] == Much like the Wikiversal pages nominated above, this book is documentation for a piece of self-authored software by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer available for download. I can't find any substantial references to this software anywhere online outside of this book itself, so it seems highly unlikely to be useful to anyone. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per the above. If the software is not currently available and was never widely available or notable previously, I don't see why keeping it is useful, even for historicity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:36, 20 September 2024 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - This is more spam by a spammer. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:17, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Roblox WF Wars]] == No textual content at all, just a couple of tables of data. I can't find any other information online about this game; for all we know, it may not even exist. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:30, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' as stated above. The content is so minimal, and the scope is not defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 20 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == : [[Alo, Jonathan!]] : [[Bune Ğonatan!]] : [[Dag, Jonathan!]] : [[Glidis, o Jonathan!]] : [[Hai, Jon!]] : [[Hallo, Jonathan!]] : [[Haloo, Jonatan!]] : [[Hay, Jonathan!]] : [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)]] : [[Hej, Jonathan!]] : [[Hela, Jonathan!]] : [[Holo, Jonathan!]] : [[Oila, Jonatan!]] : [[Salam, Jonathan!]] : [[Salom, Jonatan!]] : [[Salu, Jon!]] : [[Salut Jonathan!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)]] : [[Salut, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, ionatano!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan!]] : [[Sesan Jon!]] : [[Simi, Jonathan!]] : [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]] : [[Terve, Jonathan!]] : [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!]] : [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!]] : [[Òla, Ionatà!]] There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. :[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine :How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::Hi! :::Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. :::So the idea is the following: :::1 Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::2 The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::3 For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::4 The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. :::Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. :::[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. ::::Cheers! –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::::Hello again, :::::It's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::[[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::Keep. Content of educational value that helps learn languages. I think more translations to natural languages should be produced. -[[User:Bronto Rex|Bronto Rex]] ([[User talk:Bronto Rex|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bronto Rex|contribs]]) 14:02, 11 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Wooden Boats: Building and Repair]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; a few pages, but each has only a few lines of text. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stellar Scintillation]] == Extremely narrow scope that I don't think is quite book-worthy, especially given the low amount of content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Future Teachers Meet Wiki]] == Abandoned; scope doesn't seem right for Wikibooks; underdeveloped. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this feels like it was an attempt to use Wikibooks to organize a university project and collect student writings; even if it had made more progress, it's not clear that the outcome would have been a textbook. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[East Indian Marathi]] == Abandoned >1 decade, almost no content at all, simple dictionary that should probably be transferred to Wiktionary if it hasn't already. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * '''Delete''' per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Spanish]] == Abandoned 2 decades; seems like an idea for a book that was never actually implemented (minimal meaningful content) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:55, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Luxembourgish]] == Abandoned; only non-main page is a list of movies—otherwise no meaningful content [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Data Recovery]] == Seems out of scope for an educational book; a couple paragraphs at most with no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:58, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is a worthy topic, but what's written here meanders between being vague and being actively bad advice. (The <code>strings</code> command is not an appropriate data recovery tool.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Competitive Programming]] == Survived deletion previously on the justification that it could potentially be expanded, but it's since been over a decade with no improvement; extremely minimal educational content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:03, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:TheoYalur]] == * [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] * [[The Sight and Sound of the Greek Genocide Around the Kültürpark in Izmir]] * [[God Disorder]] These pages all appear to be personal essays, not educational texts. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:53, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :They are all original research. The editor asked to be unblocked so they could move to Wikiversity where OR is permitted. As they have now returned to creating these dubious pages, I have blocked them again and deleted the most recent creation as out of scope original research. The "reader" might be acceptable. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I'm not sure about [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] since it has NPOV issues and it reads like a self-published essay piece with personal hypothesizing/opinion/research, no references, etc. Its educational scope is still somewhat unclear, as is the structure—it does not seem textbook-like in form or style. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:43, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :::You spent more time reading it than me I suspect. I only skimmed it, but I am sure you are right that it has the same issues as the other creations and should be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:14, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::::With regard to the "Reader", at best it's a collection of loosely translated excerpts of texts which, for the most part, already have quality translations available on Wikisource. For instance, the section [[Henri Poincaré Reader#The Measure of Time (1898)]] is already translated as [[:s:The Foundations of Science/The Value of Science/Chapter 2]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:39, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[User:גני טווילרי]] == Please delete a redirection page of the former user page, which was not active in the En Wikibooks. Thank you. [[User:לובר|לובר]] ([[User talk:לובר|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/לובר|contribs]]) 02:15, 16 October 2024 (UTC) :{{re|לובר}} {{done}} though in the future please use {{tl|speedy}} for such deletions. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:53, 16 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management]] == As best I can tell, this was intended at one point to be an internal resource for employees of an ODU (Old Dominion University) career office; what little of it exists is primarily focused on minutae irrelevant to anyone outside that office, like [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Oriented/How we do it|who to email to schedule an information session]] or a collection of [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Up-to-Date/CAP Meeting|meeting notes]]. It's also all been essentially untouched since 2007. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:49, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per stated reasoning —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Golf]] == Extremely minimal content; educational/book scope is unclear; abandoned for >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Counterterror Joint Command]] == Unclear how this falls into WB scope—doesn't seem to be an educational book, and educational scope is undefined; abandoned as well —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:17, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is perplexing; it's written like a policy proposal on behalf of an agency, not a textbook. From context I ''think'' it's about the [[:w:National Police Agency (Taiwan)]], but it's entirely unclear whether this was intended as an official report or some sort of weird fan fiction. Either way, it doesn't belong here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:31, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Flight Attendant Manual]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; consists only of a list of country codes and the phonetic alphabet. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[History of the ODU Art Department]] == A collection of fragmentary biographies and interviews of members of the ODU (Old Dominion University) art department. Some of these are individually interesting, I guess, but they don't really add up to a history of the department, let alone to an instructional text. Most editing activity appears to have been around 2008-09; there's almost no activity since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Making Neon Signs]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Was imported from WP (as the nominator suspected) and is still just a WP article, not a textbook. Out of scope and abandoned. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:31, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Seems just like an imported WP article; educational book scope unclear; abandoned for years —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Stone Masonry]] == Abandoned >1 decade; educational scope unclear; minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this reads almost like a speech thanking stonemasons for their work; there's no substantial information here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:08, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Understanding the National Certificate of Educational Achievement]] == Scope unclear; very little content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:30, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Release Management]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; very little content; unclear what its scope as a book is —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Management for IT Professionals]] == Minimal content; book scope unclear; abandoned almost 2 decades —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Living in Bangkok]] == Minimal content; consists of single chapter that contains likely outdated information —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:14, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Limburgish]] == Abandoned; single chapter with minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :In general, I think deletion not solve anything. While the contents is minimal, it's still better than nothing at all. Rather, an invitation should be made to expand on it. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ooswesthoesbes|contribs]]) 06:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]! While I understand your perspective, I unfortunately disagree. Wikibooks has a huge number of abandoned stubs like this one, which I think results in clutter and makes the entire project less useful as a result. Due to their nature and structure, books require a greater committed investment to make than, say, WP articles, and these little scraps are rarely developed here. This book has had plenty of opportunity for expansion since you started it over a decade ago, but nobody has actually made any effort to do so. Based on the evidence from the past decade, when weighing the likelihood of the book being properly developed going forward versus the active negative impact of its continued presence in this state, I favor deletion. Moreover, in the rare case that someone came along later and wanted to revive this book specifically, it could be undeleted. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:55, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Introduction to BASIC]] == Consists only of a few paragraphs and then a compilation of links —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Media Vault]] == Book-like scope is unclear; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:35, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - how-to content isn't necessarily out of scope, but this only describes how to perform a single (fairly straightforward) task, for a product which has been off the market for ~15 years and is unlikely to be of interest to future editors. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:02, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[GUI Design Principles]] == Single page that was never properly integrated into a book as it should have been —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:37, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender 3D: Game-making in Blender]] == Obsolete book with almost no content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:38, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basketball]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; doesn't contain much beyond what you'd find in a WP article —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:41, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Bug Free Programming]] == Unclear how exactly this constitutes an educational book; scope is unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:45, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Wow, I didn't even remember this one. I think it's perfectly clear how this is educational and the scope couldn't be clearer, either, but I'm not going to finish it so go ahead and delete it. [[User:Főszerkesztő Úr|Főszerkesztő Úr]] ([[User talk:Főszerkesztő Úr|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Főszerkesztő Úr|contribs]]) 12:35, 23 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Citroën XM]] == Abandoned >1 decade; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Happiness]] == Significant NPOV issues; not much content; abandoned for >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:58, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Islamic Studies Grade 1]] == Abandoned >1 decade with very little content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:03, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - the table of contents makes it clear that this book was intended to house POV religious content (e.g. a chapter titled "Allah Is The One"). This is incompatible with [[WB:NPOV]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Austrian German]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; scope not well outlined, main page only; minimal content insufficient for book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == Several pages in [[Hobo tourism]] and [[Hobo travel journalism]] == The following pages are entirely self-promotional content that is suitable for a blog but not WB (same contributor made the [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Various pages in Basics of fine-art photography|now-deleted pages from above]]). * [[Hobo tourism/Third creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa]] * [[Hobo tourism/Third African trip]] * [[Hobo tourism/Visiting Death]] * [[Hobo tourism/One day in an Afghan prison]] * [[Hobo tourism/Around the world with empty pockets]] * [[Hobo tourism/Indian dreams]] * [[Hobo tourism/Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars]] * [[Hobo tourism/Holiday of wandering mzungu]] * [[Hobo tourism/Afghan prisoner]] * [[Hobo tourism/Two hundred days in Latin America]] * [[Hobo tourism/Mongolian huyvaldagch]] * [[Hobo tourism/Six months by islands... and countries]] * [[Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's expedition to the Islands of Oceania]] * [[Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's solo expedition to Africa (2017/18)]] * [[Hobo tourism/Latin American expedition of Viktor Pinchuk]] * [[Hobo tourism/Bum tour of winter Japan]] * [[Hobo tourism/Afghan Expedition of Viktor Pinchuk]] * [[Hobo tourism/Second creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa]] * [[Hobo tourism/Creative trip to Mongolia]] * [[Hobo tourism/Creative trip to India]] * [[Hobo tourism/First creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa]] * [[Hobo tourism/Tropical fever in the bum tour (an example from practice)]] * [[Hobo tourism/African Robbery]] * [[Hobo travel journalism/With a backpack around the planet (rubric in the newspaper “Southern Capital”)]] * [[Hobo travel journalism/Returning from distant wanderings (rubric in the newspaper "Republic of Crimea")]] * [[Hobo travel journalism/Wind of wanderings (rubric in the newspaper "Crimean Time")]] * [[Hobo travel journalism/Around the World (rubric in the newspaper "Crimean Observer")]] * [[Hobo travel journalism/Travel notes (rubric in the ProX magazine)]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:01, 24 October 2024 (UTC) p769fd2aos9l8fc3uiem9u2jn4ck4lm 4442436 4442405 2024-10-25T04:45:01Z Omphalographer 3427146 /* Several pages in Hobo tourism and Hobo travel journalism */ Reply 4442436 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ [[Category:Wikibooks deletion|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{Discussion Rooms}} {{TOCleft}} {{Requests for deletion/Archives}} {{Requests for deletion/Using Template:Icon}} {{clear}} = Undeletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFU}} {{Requests for deletion/New undeletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Undeletion intro}} ==[[City Of Heroes]]== {{closed|Was undeleted —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:39, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} A book that was deleted when strategy guides were not allowed. See discussion -<span style="background:yellow;>User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123 <span style="color:blue span> 17:13, 12 November 2022 (UTC)</span></span> :This book was deleted about 16 years ago and only one page had a significant amount of content. It could all be undeleted but would probably be better re-made from scratch.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 01:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC) ::'''Undeleted it''' with many first-level subpages. Yet [[City Of Heroes/Archetypes]], [[City Of Heroes/Powers]], [[City Of Heroes/General Help]], [[City Of Heroes/Enhancements]], [[City Of Heroes/Binds]] and [[City Of Heroes/Badges]] have even more subpages to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:50, 19 August 2023 (UTC) :::'''Undeleted''' many subpages of the above subpages, less obviously useless versions. Yet any administrators are hereby advised to check [[Special:Undelete]] for more to be undeleted.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 21:52, 21 August 2023 (UTC) :Remaking this content from scratch might be difficult - the game shut down in 2012. There's a small community of users running private servers based on leaked source code (!), but far fewer than when the game was active. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:55, 26 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Mass undeletion of books that were deleted when strategy guides were not allowed.]]== {{closed|Not done —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Couldn't we just mass undelete these books? [[User:Garfieldcat1978|Garfieldcat1978]] ([[User talk:Garfieldcat1978|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Garfieldcat1978|contribs]]) 18:25, 20 February 2023 (UTC) Letting bot archive as needed. :Listing which works would be much better.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 22:51, 19 August 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} ==Requesting for undeletion of the page "Jumarkese"== {{closed|Not restored —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:40, 17 August 2024 (UTC)}} Hi, I just want to ask the administrators to restore my deleted page, "Jumarkese". I am begging you, I hope you will forgive me. Actually, I just noticed today that you deleted my page. I don't know your reasons why you did that. But I hope you can grant my request to restore my deleted page "Jumarkese" as soon as possible. Thank you. [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 16:38, 17 April 2024 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]]. You can see the reasoning under the corresponding section below. It consisted of original research, which is out of scope at Wikibooks, and this type of decision is precedented. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:54, 17 April 2024 (UTC) ::What do you mean by original research? [[User:Jumark27|Jumark27]] ([[User talk:Jumark27|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jumark27|contribs]]) 06:12, 18 April 2024 (UTC) :See [[Wikibooks:Original research]]. Neither Wikibooks nor Wikipedia allow original research.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 07:45, 18 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} = Deletion = {{shortcut|WB:RFD}} {{Requests for deletion/New deletion}} {{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}} {{clear}} <!-- New nominations go at the bottom of page --> == [[The Computer Revolution/Computers and Environment/Nanotechnology]] == {{closed|1=Consensus to delete. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:58, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} Consists of excerpts from third parties. Those from ''New Scientist'', do not appear to be under a compatible licence. {{Unsigned|Mbrickn|07:33, 10 January 2023‎}} :I'm not sure it's enough of a violation for deletion? Based on a [https://copyvios.toolforge.org/?lang=en&project=wikibooks&title=The+Computer+Revolution%2FComputers+and+Environment%2FNanotechnology&oldid=&action=search&use_engine=1&use_links=1&turnitin=0 copyvio comparison], the text seems mostly paraphrased. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:44, 10 January 2023 (UTC) :{{vd}} The content of this page is ''entirely'' quotes and summaries of articles. The opening is a copy-paste quote of the linked Rice University page, the "examples of nanomaterials" are taken from [[doi:10.1021/es0506509]] (or, more likely, from another article summarizing it), and the two paragraphs following that are inaccurate summaries of the (already pop-science) ''New Scientist'' articles cited. There's no original content here whatsoever, and I'm not even sure how any of this is related to the overall topic of "the computer revolution" - these articles are about chemistry, not computing. :This entire book is in pretty bad shape, frankly. Everything about it has the look of a class project where each student picked (or was assigned) a topic to write about individually, and their work was combined into a book. The results lack both coherence and quality, and I'm having a hard time seeing how this could ever be fixed short of throwing it all out and starting over. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:08, 14 August 2024 (UTC) ::After taking another look at the page, I now agree that it at least should be deleted. The content is not useful or coherent, and has issues as described above. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:19, 14 August 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Dynamical Systems]] == This seems to be abandoned book, the only content is largly vacuous. I don't believe it is likely to be extended or worked on because it is both a technical topic, and represents to original author's goals for such a book (graduate level vs undergraduate). [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 20:46, 23 February 2023 (UTC) :It does seem abandoned; the single existing page hasn't been updated since 2018 and the main book page hasn't been updated since 2019. Unless someone quickly decides to pick up on it, I can't really see it staying here at Wikibooks :/ —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 February 2023 (UTC) ::Hello there, ::currently I'm working over at the German page, because I have begun to work with a new, more intuitive terminology. My current plan is to first finish the German version and then possibly to translate it. To finish the German version will take at least until the end of this year. Until then, you shouldn't expect any progress. Afterwards, I may feel inclined to pick up the project, depending on my human rights situation. --[[User:Mathmensch|Mathmensch]] ([[User talk:Mathmensch|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mathmensch|contribs]]) 09:26, 8 April 2023 (UTC) == Files from [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)]] == {{closed|1=Deleted for lack of a valid NFCC. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Used for decorative, not educational, purposes: [[:File:Float 13.jpg]], [[:File:Grabbed Frame 15.jpg]], [[:File:Gandof.jpg]], [[:File:Ohalland.jpg]], [[:File:Braskascan1.jpg]], [[:File:Tidus FFX.png]] ([[WB:NFCC]]#8). — Ирука<sup>[[user:Iruka13|13]]</sup> 13:54, 17 July 2023 (UTC) :Sure, I think I can agree on the removal of these [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 12:24, 22 July 2023 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Radium SmartChain]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:48, 23 July 2024 (UTC)}} including the closely related books: * [[XRADON Supernet]] * [[Radium Core]] These books are a borderline advertisement for a cryptocurrency project. Moreover, the project has changed substantially since the books were written in 2016-2017 - it's now called "Validity", and most, if not all, of the information in these books is no longer accurate. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 06:39, 21 October 2023 (UTC) :{{comment}} I'm not sure it's blatant enough to be considered advertising? Since it technically is a how-to? But, if it is out of date, that could warrant deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC) ::Hence "borderline". Some of the subpages like [[Radium Core/Use Cases/Proof of Author]] have more of a promotional air to them. But yes, the instructional content is all badly out of date; there are edits [[Special:Diff/3554520|as far back as 2019]] from users trying to mark the books as being outdated, and it's only gotten worse since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:16, 24 October 2023 (UTC) :{{del}} If it wasn't outdated, I would vote keep, but... [[User:ForTheGrammar|ForTheGrammar]] ([[User talk:ForTheGrammar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ForTheGrammar|contribs]]) 01:32, 27 January 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == Various pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == {{closed|1=consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:38, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} The following pages in [[Basics of fine-art photography]] seem out of scope because they consist entirely of personal promotion/advertisement for the author's photography: * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians II]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Lights of Moscow]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Ethiopia through the eyes of traveler]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/On the roads of India]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/14 days in Mongolia]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Uganda: tribes and civilization]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Tribes of Kenya]] * [[Basics of fine-art photography/Afghanistan, 2008]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 04:13, 25 February 2024 (UTC) :Frankly, the entire book appears to be a vehicle for the author to promote his own photography. The few sentences of instructional content on pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Creating works in macro photography]] are practically useless; that one amounts to "to take macro photos, set your camera to macro mode and hold it close to the subject, or read another book for more information". Other pages like [[Basics of fine-art photography/Interior photography in hobo tours]] or [[Basics of fine-art photography/Taking pictures of homeless people]] provide essentially no information on photography technique at all, and seem to mostly be intended as jumping-off points to showcase more of the author's photos. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:40, 11 March 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[History of Grand-Popo]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:11, 22 September 2024 (UTC)}} Suited for enWP not WB, appears to be a simple import with no likely development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:28, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Piano Solo Music: An Encyclopedia]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Lists and links are not a textbook. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:01, 30 September 2024 (UTC)}} This book is essentially a compilation of lists and links—I don't think it's actually in-scope here as a book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 1 April 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Selected Essays]] == {{closed|1=Deleted}} Seems completely out of WB scope; it's just a collection of unrelated personal essays. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:52, 1 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} Agreed, personal essays and not ones that can easily be used, at that. [[User:Icandostuff|<span style="color:Red">I</span> <span style="color:Yellow">can</span> <span style="color:Lime">do</span> <span style="color:#00ffff">stuff</span><span style="color:Blue">!</span> ]] ([[User talk:Icandostuff|talk]]) 12:52, 11 June 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Remembering the Templars]] == Seems to be pretty much an encyclopedic article about the Knights Templar, which makes it out of scope; enormous amount of links to enWP and may even just be an import. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 23:53, 5 April 2024 (UTC) *'''Keep'''. This is one of [[User:Panic2k4|Panic2k4's]] books, not a WP import. They remain an active, if sporadic, contributor and may well return to this in the future. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:41, 24 October 2024 (UTC) *:I just realized they were never notified about the nom, so I'll go ahead and do so on their talk page for posterity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:10, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Half-Life Computation]] == Doesn't seem in-scope as a book—just seems like a single page on how to do a specific calculation. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC) == [[God and Religious Toleration]] == {{closed|1=clear consensus to delete [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:45, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} This book was [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/God and Religious Toleration|previously nominated for deletion in 2011]], but kept largely because of its theoretical potential for improvement. It's now over a decade later, and no real improvement has been made. The book has the following issues: * A lack of clearly defined educational/instructional scope, structure, or aims overall * A lack of structure in each existing chapter * Significant NPOV and lack-of-evidence/citations I've gone through the book to try to improve it somewhat, but it largely feels like a disorganized dumping ground for a variety of abstract thoughts, many of which are heavily biased. At this point, given the amount of time it has had for improvement and the lack thereof, I don't think it has a place at Wikibooks. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:06, 20 April 2024 (UTC) :This book is very important in this day and age. Tolerance between religions is important for world peace. Without tolerance, chaos breaks out in the world. We should promote tolerance between religions. If the good guys keep quiet, the bad guys win. Is that what you want? A better way is to simply add a chapter of yours to the book and contribute your suggestions to world peace and the strengthening of love in the world. @[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] [[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]] ([[User talk:Nobody60|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Nobody60|contribs]]) 08:46, 21 April 2024 (UTC) :Support deleting as per issues pointed out in nom. @[[User:Nobody60|Nobody60]], there are kilometers between deleting a bad, biased book and supporting religious intolerance or whatever it is you're accusing the nom of doing. Wikibooks is a project with a definite, reachable and concrete goal, which this book doesn't meet, never met and probably would never meet. --[[User:YuriNikolai|YuriNikolai]] ([[User talk:YuriNikolai|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/YuriNikolai|contribs]]) 02:10, 27 April 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 07:44, 27 April 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Not only is this material not presented from a neutral point of view, it's not even a mainstream religious POV. Much like [[Developing A Universal Religion]] (also up for deletion), the goal of this text appears to be to create and promote a new syncretic religious movement, complete with its own new beliefs and practices; this is very much outside the scope of Wikibooks. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:24, 3 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} as per [[WB:NOR]]: I am all for religious tolerance but all against religious acquiescence. [[User:Jeaucques Quœure|Jeaucques Quœure]] ([[User talk:Jeaucques Quœure|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jeaucques Quœure|contribs]]) 07:30, 26 September 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Kashubian Dictionary]] == [[WB:DICT|Out of scope]] here; material should be hosted at Wiktionary (I've [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Information desk/2024/May|suggested it there]]). —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:39, 28 May 2024 (UTC) :Any content in this dictionary should be already be at [[wiktionary:Wiktionary:Requested entries (Kashubian)/Kashubian Dictionary]], where we will be able to slowly make entries for these. [[User:Vininn126|Vininn126]] ([[User talk:Vininn126|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vininn126|contribs]]) 21:51, 7 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Biblioþeke]] == Out of scope; seems to be an incomplete translation of the bible into a conlang. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:16, 29 May 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikis for Retail Store Managers]] == Abandoned, unclear scope, little content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:30, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:10, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Human Geography]] == Abandoned for two decades without any development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:50, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The page has a list of chapters/sections, but these are not linked. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:56, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Neuro Linguistic Programming]] == Abandoned, very little meaningful content, unclear path for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:56, 8 June 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Scrapebook Linguistics]] == Abandoned, little to no meaningful content, unclear scope or potential for development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:05, 8 June 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - an earlier version of this page was imported to Wikiversity as [[:v:Special:Permalink/15674|Portal:Linguistics]] (and subsequently edited into oblivion). The followup edits here aren't needed at WV. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:22, 25 July 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Be a Good Camp Counselor]] == Book is un/under-developed and abandoned, and the scope/potential for development is somewhat unclear to me. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:07, 19 June 2024 (UTC) == [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989/Manual for Obtention of Driving licence: Signals and Lights]] == Abandoned with non-English. Not belonging under [[Annotated Republic of China Regulations/Regulations for Road Traffic Signs, Markings, and Signals/1989]], that Taiwanese administrative regulation since 1989 would not contain such a manual.--[[User:Jusjih|Jusjih]] ([[User talk:Jusjih|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jusjih|contribs]]) 16:55, 4 July 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per above —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 5 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Australian Property Law]] == Has only one page (introduction) with little content. It has been abandoned now for almost 20 years with no development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:35, 10 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Subpages are redlinks except for [[Australian Property Law/Introduction]], which does not save the material. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:09, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Chinese Checkers]] == Extremely minimal content and abandoned for almost 20 years. Was previously nominated for deletion in 2006 but kept on the grounds that it could be expanded—clearly this has not happened. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:56, 11 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Niw Englisch]] == Fiction / original research - a conlang being (very slowly) created by the author of the book. The following books are closely related to that project and should be deleted as well: * [[NiwEnglisc]] * [[Þat englisce Alphabet]] * [[Lernung þer Stafræwe]] * [[Þe ettbære Garden]] as well as [[Biblioþeke]], which has already been nominated for deletion. :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' all per the above. I can find no evidence of the conlang outside Wikibooks and this sole author. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:03, 14 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Mac OS X Leopard]] == Yet another abandoned, underdeveloped book on an obsolete operating system. (Mac OS X Leopard was released in 2007, and has been unsupported since 2011.) If there were more content in this book, it could possibly be refactored into a version-independent book about macOS, but there's effectively nothing here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 14 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. If it were more fleshed out, it could be kept as archival. However, there's so little there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:47, 24 July 2024 (UTC) == [[3DTin User's Guide]] == Abandoned >1 decade, undeveloped, very little content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:29, 20 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - 3DTin was a web application which [https://3dtin.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/the-next-chapter/ shut down in 2016], so this book no longer serves any purpose, and certainly isn't going to be expanded. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:59, 22 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Advanced Calculus]] == Abandoned for many years; consists of only one page for one theorem; no introduction or scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Algebra and Number Theory]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of one page with very little content; no introduction or scope —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:35, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. Has a list of redlinks for subpages; there is one subpage: [[Algebra and Number Theory/Elementary Number Theory]]. This is not useful and has been abandoned for too long. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:05, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basic Ancient Greek]] == Abandoned for many years; very little actual content; only real contributor was an IP whose last edit was in 2015. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:37, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:06, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender Game Engine for Morons]] == Abandoned for at least a decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:41, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[BOINC]] == Abandoned >1 decade; consists of main page only; almost no meaningful content; unclear scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:43, 20 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:07, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Open View NNM Exam Guide]] == One page only; abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:40, 21 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. [[w:HP OpenView|HP OpenView]] no longer exists as a product (and its successor HP Network Management Center has been discontinued as well!); neither does HP's certification exam for it. There's certainly no purpose in writing a new guide for a nonexistent exam for a obsolete product. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:54, 23 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Games]] == Abandoned for ~1 decade; little to no meaningful content; one paragraph in entire book; scope unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:08, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Biochemistry/The Cell]] == <div style="padding:0.5em;">[[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|36px|link=]] The following discussion has concluded. Please open a new discussion for any further comments.</div> <div class="collapsible boilerplate metadata" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; margin:0em; padding:10px; border:1px solid #999999;"> <div class="title" style="background-color:#E3E9EE; padding:0px; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle;"><span style="vertical-align:middle;"> abandoned and undeveloped and per comments below —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:47, 14 October 2024 (UTC)</span></div> <div class="body" style="text-align:left"> <hr /> Not particularly in scope for the book as it is; content is not particularly meaningful, educational, helpful, or well-developed (e.g. what does it mean for red blood cells to "helps in structure of the body"?) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:22, 22 July 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}}. Even if the strange or outright wrong statements were removed (like describing a cell as "a small particle or organism", or implying that red and white blood cells are the only types of cell!), this sort of very basic explanation would be more at home in an introductory text on biology, not a text on biochemistry which assumes familiarity with these topics. (And indeed, there are much better explanations in books like [[Biology, Answering the Big Questions of Life/Cells]].) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 31 July 2024 (UTC) </div></div> == [[Folktales from the Mon People of Koh Kred]] == Seems to be out of scope, since Wikibooks does not host fiction. –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:29, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 00:11, 10 October 2024 (UTC) == [[High performance computing]] == Abandoned >1 decade; only contains main page with little content; scope not well-defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:14, 28 July 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:52, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Doom Modding]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope/path to completion —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:20, 28 July 2024 (UTC) == [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max]] == Abandoned >1 decade; one chapter only, which contains only a handful of sentences. Not enough content and no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:27, 28 July 2024 (UTC) *{{del}} per nom. The only subpage is this: [[Global Illumination and HDRI Maps in 3D Studio Max/HDRI Maps]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:51, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages in [[Security+ Certification]] == Both [[Security+ Certification/Threats and Vulnerabilities]] and [[Security+ Certification/Network Security]] seem to be deprecated per @[[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]]'s recent overhaul; moreover, the pages in question seem to consist entirely of outlinks to Wikipedia. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:32, 3 August 2024 (UTC) == Obsolete Microsoft certification guides == * [[MCSE Server 2003 Certification Core Exams]] (exam 70-290 retired July 2013) * [[Microsoft Certified IT Professional]] (exam 70-444 retired June 2011; exam 70-450 retired July 2015) * [[Microsoft Certified Professional Developer]] (exams 70-526, 70-528, 70-529, 70-547, 70-548 retired June 2011; exams 70-290, 70-536 retired July 2013) These books all correspond to Microsoft certification exams which were retired in 2011-2015, and consist almost entirely of lists of course objectives copied from official course materials. There's almost no original educational content in any of these three books, and it's highly unlikely that they're going to be improved, since the certification exams they correspond to are no longer offered. (Reference for the exam retirement dates is: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/credentials/support/retired-certification-exams) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:27, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} per the above; additionally, some of these have very little content at all. Some pages may be candidates for speedy deletion. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[GNU Autoconf]] == Little to no meaningful content, abandoned >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:42, 4 August 2024 (UTC) *{{vd}} per nom. Nothing particularly salvageable from this. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:07, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:50, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Textbook Reviews]] == Very little meaningful educational content; seems like opinion at most? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:45, 4 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Kurdish]] == Very little content at all, no outline or potential for development; abandoned for years. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:46, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:49, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[English-Arabic dictionary]] == Out of scope at Wikibooks since this is already completely covered by Wiktionary. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:49, 4 August 2024 (UTC) :{{comment}} [[English-Arabic dictionary/Colors in Arabic]] gets a nontrivial amount of traffic (~50 views/day). It'd be nice if we could at least preserve this as a redirect to an equivalent resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:38, 4 August 2024 (UTC) * '''Keep''': a book selecting vocabulary into introductory groups is very different from a lexical database such as Wiktionary. In Wiktionary, one does not know where to start learning the vocabulary. Admittedly, the title gives excessively broad scope, so something should probably be done. (The argument with 50 views/day has some force.) --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:48, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Audacity]] == Abandoned 17 years; consists only of paltry introduction. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:43, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - Audacity already has high-quality, freely licensed documentation at https://manual.audacityteam.org/ (and it's even a wiki!). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:57, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Java Logging]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:44, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. All indicated subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:27, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Mercury Programming]] == Abandoned >1 decade; undeveloped (single page only); no scope or plan for expansion/future development. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:46, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Mercury Programming/Types]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:26, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Server+ Certification]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little to no meaningful content; mostly a few section headers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:48, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[NetBeans]] == No meaningful content; chapter list only; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:50, 17 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. No subpages; all listed subpages are redlinks. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Valgrind]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; very little content; unclear scope; no path forward for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:52, 17 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - readers would be much better off with [https://valgrind.org/docs/manual/quick-start.html Valgrind's own quick start guide] (which is even freely licensed). [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 17:32, 18 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Open Religion]] == Original research/soapbox/NPOV; abandoned >1 decade; main page only —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:40, 24 August 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - out of scope religious/philosophical content similar to [[#Developing a Universal Religion]], but less developed. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 07:58, 25 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}. For the record, the page starts: "This project is to create an Open Source religion and philosophy, transparent and accessible to all, directed to interest all without discrimination." By the way, I would not mind instead quasi-deleting by moving to userspace of the main author so that anyone can review later what kind of material is being deleted. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:03, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming for the consultant]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:42, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The only subpage: [[Programming for the consultant/Approaching A New Code Base]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:24, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Metroid]] == Abandoned; main page only; no meaningful content; no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:44, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom; could be speedy. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:00, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Radiata Stories]] == Abandoned; little to no meaningful content; one page only with little content; no path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:46, 24 August 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. The one existing subpage is [[Radiata Stories/Character Recruitment]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:23, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Prehistory of Globalization/Preface]] == Orphaned page; little to no meaningful content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:38, 25 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Dialect]] == Scope unclear; abandoned with no plan for development; little to no meaningful content; most pages qualify for speedy anyway. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 5 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 06:21, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Programming Text Adventures In Basic]] == Main page only; abandoned >1 decade; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:17, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom, but I think a change of [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy]] is needed so that we can delete useless stubs abandoned for a long time. The nominated page cannot be of any use as is. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:59, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[UNIX Basics]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little to no meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:23, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}}: no meaningful content. A bit of meaningful content is in [[Guide to Unix]]. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:53, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[How to Write a Compiler]] == Abandoned >1 decade; main page only; little meaningful content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:24, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom: almost no meaningful content. No further reading. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:54, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Script Languages Synopsis]] == Abandoned >1 decade; little content; unclear path for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:26, 7 September 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:55, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Epicurus]] == {{closed|Deleted. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 13:33, 6 October 2024 (UTC)}} Merging with the other Epicurus page. {{unsigned|TheoYalur}} {{end closed}} === [[Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως)]] === Merging with the other Epicurus page. [[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' I'm leaning towards this whole book being deleted. The scope and structure of this book as an educational textbook are unclear and the whole thing seems potentially like original research or an essay. Unless I've missed something, the main editor seems unresponsive to querying and is repeatedly removing the query flags. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:13, 25 September 2024 (UTC) =={{anchor|Network+ Certification}}{{anchor|Security+ Certification}}{{anchor|A+ Certification}} CompTIA Certifications == [[Network+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Network+|Wikiversity]]. [[Security+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:Security+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. [[A+ Certification]] moved and updated at [[:v:A+ Certification|Wikiversity]]. De-duplicating work across Wikimedia. Subpages should all be deleted as well. Might be worth leaving a redirect to WV for future users. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:02, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :I centralized at Wikiversity since the projects (as of now) are compendiums of links and resources based on the listed objectives of each exam, sometimes with explicitly suggested 'activities'. Very little in the way of 'book'-like exposition. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 21:06, 15 September 2024 (UTC) :Thought about leaving a {{tlx|MovedToWikiversity}} but that template has been deleted in the past. [[User:Tule-hog|Tule-hog]] ([[User talk:Tule-hog|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tule-hog|contribs]]) 02:52, 3 October 2024 (UTC) == Wikiversal generated pages == * [[Wiki Assistant]] * [[User Page Builder]] *: Inexplicably, the links on the main page of this book all point to pages under [[:w:User:Hazel45onnie/User Page Builder]] '''on the English Wikipedia'''. I'm nominating those pages for deletion on enwiki as a separate process ([[:w:Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikiversuite pages|here]]). * [[WikiverSuite/Wikiversant/Gunport Builder Demo 1]] * [[Wiki Tutorial]] *: Some of the internal links in this book are written as if the book is named [[Tutorial]] instead of [[Wiki Tutorial]]. You may have to use [[Special:Prefixindex/Wiki Tutorial]] to read through the whole thing. These books were all generated using Wikiversal, a third-party wiki editing tool written by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer downloadable. Many of them contain broken internal links or other outdated content (like references to Wikiversity being a subproject of Wikibooks), and the HTML-heavy markup generated by Wikiversal makes them unreasonably difficult to edit. (As as aside, the markup used for these "presentations" is completely broken on the mobile site, e.g. [https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/User_Page_Builder]. For some reason, the forward/back buttons are invisible, making it impossible to navigate from page to page.) The first three books are all instructions on how to use Wikiversal itself. Since it's no longer available, they are of no use. The fourth, while described as a "Wiki tutorial", primarily instructs users to use Wikiversal to build pages on the wiki; its main page should probably be redirected to [[Using Wikibooks]] as a much more comprehensive resource. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:44, 20 September 2024 (UTC) ::It isn't inexplicable that these pages and links are on the English Wikipedia. The spammers who developed these pages were primarily trying to peddle software for use on the English Wikipedia. Their pages on the English Wikipedia are also pending deletion as misusing Wikipedia for web hosting. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC) :::Based on the name and some of the user's (now deleted) activity on Wikiversity, I think the software was actually intended primarily for use on Wikibooks and/or Wikiversity. Why they decided to host some of its documentation on Wikipedia is a mystery. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:52, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::::It isn't worth trying to explain the behavior of spammers. Sometimes the explanation is stupidity and greed. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:05, 22 September 2024 (UTC) ::<del>I haven't yet looked at the deletion request here. I am primarily an English Wikipedia editor, just as [[User:Omphalographer]] is primarily a Commons editor. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)</del> *'''Delete All''' - Spam. These books were created twelve years ago to peddle software to new users. This was an abuse of Wikimedia for commercial purposes. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 18:51, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[PlanoTse Handbook for Job Search Automation]] == Much like the Wikiversal pages nominated above, this book is documentation for a piece of self-authored software by [[User:Planotse]] which is no longer available for download. I can't find any substantial references to this software anywhere online outside of this book itself, so it seems highly unlikely to be useful to anyone. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:49, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per the above. If the software is not currently available and was never widely available or notable previously, I don't see why keeping it is useful, even for historicity. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:36, 20 September 2024 (UTC) *'''Delete''' - This is more spam by a spammer. [[User:Robert McClenon|Robert McClenon]] ([[User talk:Robert McClenon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robert McClenon|contribs]]) 23:17, 22 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Roblox WF Wars]] == No textual content at all, just a couple of tables of data. I can't find any other information online about this game; for all we know, it may not even exist. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:30, 20 September 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' as stated above. The content is so minimal, and the scope is not defined. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 20 September 2024 (UTC) == [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations == : [[Alo, Jonathan!]] : [[Bune Ğonatan!]] : [[Dag, Jonathan!]] : [[Glidis, o Jonathan!]] : [[Hai, Jon!]] : [[Hallo, Jonathan!]] : [[Haloo, Jonatan!]] : [[Hay, Jonathan!]] : [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)]] : [[Hej, Jonathan!]] : [[Hela, Jonathan!]] : [[Holo, Jonathan!]] : [[Oila, Jonatan!]] : [[Salam, Jonathan!]] : [[Salom, Jonatan!]] : [[Salu, Jon!]] : [[Salut Jonathan!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)]] : [[Salut, Jonathan!]] : [[Salut, ionatano!]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)]] : [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)]] : [[Saluto, Jonathan!]] : [[Sesan Jon!]] : [[Simi, Jonathan!]] : [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]] : [[Terve, Jonathan!]] : [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!]] : [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!]] : [[Òla, Ionatà!]] There are a couple of issues here: # Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks. # All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself. # Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them. While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15. :If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. :[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine :How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::Hi! :::Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias. :::So the idea is the following: :::1 Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest. :::2 The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua). :::3 For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere). :::4 The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo. :::Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out. Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added. :::[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC) ::::Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions: ::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks. ::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time. ::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. ::::Cheers! –[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC) :::::Hello again, :::::It's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]] :::::[[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::::::[[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|<small>|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|</small>|}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC) ::Keep. Content of educational value that helps learn languages. I think more translations to natural languages should be produced. -[[User:Bronto Rex|Bronto Rex]] ([[User talk:Bronto Rex|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bronto Rex|contribs]]) 14:02, 11 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Wooden Boats: Building and Repair]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; a few pages, but each has only a few lines of text. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:46, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Stellar Scintillation]] == Extremely narrow scope that I don't think is quite book-worthy, especially given the low amount of content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:48, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Future Teachers Meet Wiki]] == Abandoned; scope doesn't seem right for Wikibooks; underdeveloped. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:50, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this feels like it was an attempt to use Wikibooks to organize a university project and collect student writings; even if it had made more progress, it's not clear that the outcome would have been a textbook. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:42, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[East Indian Marathi]] == Abandoned >1 decade, almost no content at all, simple dictionary that should probably be transferred to Wiktionary if it hasn't already. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:53, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * '''Delete''' per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 09:25, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[IB Spanish]] == Abandoned 2 decades; seems like an idea for a book that was never actually implemented (minimal meaningful content) —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:55, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Luxembourgish]] == Abandoned; only non-main page is a list of movies—otherwise no meaningful content [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:56, 7 October 2024 (UTC) * {{del}} per nom. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 07:25, 17 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Data Recovery]] == Seems out of scope for an educational book; a couple paragraphs at most with no plan for development —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:58, 7 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is a worthy topic, but what's written here meanders between being vague and being actively bad advice. (The <code>strings</code> command is not an appropriate data recovery tool.) [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:14, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Competitive Programming]] == Survived deletion previously on the justification that it could potentially be expanded, but it's since been over a decade with no improvement; extremely minimal educational content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 02:03, 7 October 2024 (UTC) == Pages by [[User:TheoYalur]] == * [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] * [[The Sight and Sound of the Greek Genocide Around the Kültürpark in Izmir]] * [[God Disorder]] These pages all appear to be personal essays, not educational texts. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 03:53, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :They are all original research. The editor asked to be unblocked so they could move to Wikiversity where OR is permitted. As they have now returned to creating these dubious pages, I have blocked them again and deleted the most recent creation as out of scope original research. The "reader" might be acceptable. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:37, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::Thanks @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I'm not sure about [[Henri Poincaré Reader]] since it has NPOV issues and it reads like a self-published essay piece with personal hypothesizing/opinion/research, no references, etc. Its educational scope is still somewhat unclear, as is the structure—it does not seem textbook-like in form or style. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:43, 14 October 2024 (UTC) :::You spent more time reading it than me I suspect. I only skimmed it, but I am sure you are right that it has the same issues as the other creations and should be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:14, 14 October 2024 (UTC) ::::With regard to the "Reader", at best it's a collection of loosely translated excerpts of texts which, for the most part, already have quality translations available on Wikisource. For instance, the section [[Henri Poincaré Reader#The Measure of Time (1898)]] is already translated as [[:s:The Foundations of Science/The Value of Science/Chapter 2]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:39, 14 October 2024 (UTC) == [[User:גני טווילרי]] == Please delete a redirection page of the former user page, which was not active in the En Wikibooks. Thank you. [[User:לובר|לובר]] ([[User talk:לובר|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/לובר|contribs]]) 02:15, 16 October 2024 (UTC) :{{re|לובר}} {{done}} though in the future please use {{tl|speedy}} for such deletions. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 10:53, 16 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management]] == As best I can tell, this was intended at one point to be an internal resource for employees of an ODU (Old Dominion University) career office; what little of it exists is primarily focused on minutae irrelevant to anyone outside that office, like [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Oriented/How we do it|who to email to schedule an information session]] or a collection of [[Cyber Guide to ODU Career Management/Get Up-to-Date/CAP Meeting|meeting notes]]. It's also all been essentially untouched since 2007. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:49, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :[[Image:Symbol delete vote.svg|15px|link=|alt=]] '''Delete''' per stated reasoning —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Golf]] == Extremely minimal content; educational/book scope is unclear; abandoned for >1 decade. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:15, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Counterterror Joint Command]] == Unclear how this falls into WB scope—doesn't seem to be an educational book, and educational scope is undefined; abandoned as well —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:17, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this is perplexing; it's written like a policy proposal on behalf of an agency, not a textbook. From context I ''think'' it's about the [[:w:National Police Agency (Taiwan)]], but it's entirely unclear whether this was intended as an official report or some sort of weird fan fiction. Either way, it doesn't belong here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:31, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Flight Attendant Manual]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; consists only of a list of country codes and the phonetic alphabet. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[History of the ODU Art Department]] == A collection of fragmentary biographies and interviews of members of the ODU (Old Dominion University) art department. Some of these are individually interesting, I guess, but they don't really add up to a history of the department, let alone to an instructional text. Most editing activity appears to have been around 2008-09; there's almost no activity since then. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Making Neon Signs]] == {{closed|1=Deleted. Was imported from WP (as the nominator suspected) and is still just a WP article, not a textbook. Out of scope and abandoned. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:31, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} Seems just like an imported WP article; educational book scope unclear; abandoned for years —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) {{end closed}} == [[Stone Masonry]] == Abandoned >1 decade; educational scope unclear; minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - this reads almost like a speech thanking stonemasons for their work; there's no substantial information here. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 20:08, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Understanding the National Certificate of Educational Achievement]] == Scope unclear; very little content; abandoned >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:30, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Release Management]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; very little content; unclear what its scope as a book is —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:11, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Management for IT Professionals]] == Minimal content; book scope unclear; abandoned almost 2 decades —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:13, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Living in Bangkok]] == Minimal content; consists of single chapter that contains likely outdated information —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:14, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Limburgish]] == Abandoned; single chapter with minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:19, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :In general, I think deletion not solve anything. While the contents is minimal, it's still better than nothing at all. Rather, an invitation should be made to expand on it. --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] ([[User talk:Ooswesthoesbes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ooswesthoesbes|contribs]]) 06:27, 19 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi @[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]]! While I understand your perspective, I unfortunately disagree. Wikibooks has a huge number of abandoned stubs like this one, which I think results in clutter and makes the entire project less useful as a result. Due to their nature and structure, books require a greater committed investment to make than, say, WP articles, and these little scraps are rarely developed here. This book has had plenty of opportunity for expansion since you started it over a decade ago, but nobody has actually made any effort to do so. Based on the evidence from the past decade, when weighing the likelihood of the book being properly developed going forward versus the active negative impact of its continued presence in this state, I favor deletion. Moreover, in the rare case that someone came along later and wanted to revive this book specifically, it could be undeleted. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:55, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Introduction to BASIC]] == Consists only of a few paragraphs and then a compilation of links —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:22, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[International Baccalaureate]] == Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[HP Media Vault]] == Book-like scope is unclear; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:35, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - how-to content isn't necessarily out of scope, but this only describes how to perform a single (fairly straightforward) task, for a product which has been off the market for ~15 years and is unlikely to be of interest to future editors. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:02, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[GUI Design Principles]] == Single page that was never properly integrated into a book as it should have been —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:37, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Blender 3D: Game-making in Blender]] == Obsolete book with almost no content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:38, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basketball]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; doesn't contain much beyond what you'd find in a WP article —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:41, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Bug Free Programming]] == Unclear how exactly this constitutes an educational book; scope is unclear —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:45, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Wow, I didn't even remember this one. I think it's perfectly clear how this is educational and the scope couldn't be clearer, either, but I'm not going to finish it so go ahead and delete it. [[User:Főszerkesztő Úr|Főszerkesztő Úr]] ([[User talk:Főszerkesztő Úr|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Főszerkesztő Úr|contribs]]) 12:35, 23 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Character List for Baxter&Sagart]] == Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC) :Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Citroën XM]] == Abandoned >1 decade; very minimal content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:57, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Happiness]] == Significant NPOV issues; not much content; abandoned for >1 decade —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:58, 18 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Islamic Studies Grade 1]] == Abandoned >1 decade with very little content —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:03, 19 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - the table of contents makes it clear that this book was intended to house POV religious content (e.g. a chapter titled "Allah Is The One"). This is incompatible with [[WB:NPOV]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 01:12, 20 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] == Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Austrian German]] == Abandoned almost 2 decades; scope not well outlined, main page only; minimal content insufficient for book. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:18, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == Several pages in [[Hobo tourism]] and [[Hobo travel journalism]] == The following pages are entirely self-promotional content that is suitable for a blog but not WB (same contributor made the [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Various pages in Basics of fine-art photography|now-deleted pages from above]]). * [[Hobo tourism/Third creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa]] * [[Hobo tourism/Third African trip]] * [[Hobo tourism/Visiting Death]] * [[Hobo tourism/One day in an Afghan prison]] * [[Hobo tourism/Around the world with empty pockets]] * [[Hobo tourism/Indian dreams]] * [[Hobo tourism/Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars]] * [[Hobo tourism/Holiday of wandering mzungu]] * [[Hobo tourism/Afghan prisoner]] * [[Hobo tourism/Two hundred days in Latin America]] * [[Hobo tourism/Mongolian huyvaldagch]] * [[Hobo tourism/Six months by islands... and countries]] * [[Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's expedition to the Islands of Oceania]] * [[Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's solo expedition to Africa (2017/18)]] * [[Hobo tourism/Latin American expedition of Viktor Pinchuk]] * [[Hobo tourism/Bum tour of winter Japan]] * [[Hobo tourism/Afghan Expedition of Viktor Pinchuk]] * [[Hobo tourism/Second creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa]] * [[Hobo tourism/Creative trip to Mongolia]] * [[Hobo tourism/Creative trip to India]] * [[Hobo tourism/First creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa]] * [[Hobo tourism/Tropical fever in the bum tour (an example from practice)]] * [[Hobo tourism/African Robbery]] * [[Hobo travel journalism/With a backpack around the planet (rubric in the newspaper “Southern Capital”)]] * [[Hobo travel journalism/Returning from distant wanderings (rubric in the newspaper "Republic of Crimea")]] * [[Hobo travel journalism/Wind of wanderings (rubric in the newspaper "Crimean Time")]] * [[Hobo travel journalism/Around the World (rubric in the newspaper "Crimean Observer")]] * [[Hobo travel journalism/Travel notes (rubric in the ProX magazine)]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:01, 24 October 2024 (UTC) :{{vd}} - I would support deleting the entire book, not just these chapters. Even aside from the self-promotional content listed above, other chapters give some ''extremely questionable'' advice on sleeping arrangements, such as: :* Trespassing on private property ([[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In halls and stairwells]]; [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/On objects under construction]]) :* Sleeping inside archaeological sites ([[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the ancient pyramid]]) :* Harassing locals if they don't let you into their house ([[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings]] - "independently knock on any dwelling, asking for a place under a canopy in the yard; with a negative result, repeating the action repeatedly") :[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:45, 25 October 2024 (UTC) p74abfvaqd2ijrab6irygtuvupsy040 General Biology/Classification of Living Things/Classification and Domains of Life 0 2180 4442392 4313655 2024-10-24T20:33:52Z 2.223.39.119 /* The Six Kingdoms */ 4442392 wikitext text/x-wiki Fundamental classification == Classification of Living Things and Naming of Organisms == In science, the practice of classifying organisms is called '''taxonomy''' (Taxis means arrangement and nomos mean method). The modern taxonomic system was developed by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778). He used simple physical characteristics of organisms to identify and differentiate between different species and is based on genetics. Linnaeus developed a hierarchy of groups for taxonomy. To distinguish different levels of similarity, each classifying group, called '''taxon''' (pl. taxa) is subdivided into other groups. To remember the order, it is helpful to use a mnemonic device. The taxa in hierarchical order: *Domain - Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukaryote *Kingdom - Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria (Monera), Archaebacteria *Phylum - Invertebrates, Vertebrates *Class - Fish, Bird, Mammal, Amphibian *Order - The Organism get its Energy? *Family - Special characteristics of the Organism and its relatives *Genus - First name of Organism *Species - Last name of Organism The domain is the broadest category, while species is the most specific category available. The taxon Domain was only introduced in 1990 by Carl Woese, as scientists reorganise things based on new discoveries and information. For example, the European Hare would be classified as follows: Eukaryote --> Animalia --> Chordata --> Mammalia --> Lagomorpha --> Leporidae --> Lepus --> ''Lepus europaeus''. Eukaryote is just one of the classes inside of the main class Phyla === Binomial nomenclature === '''Binomial nomenclature''' is used to name an organism, where the first word beginning with a capital is the genus of the organism and the second word beginning with lower-case letter is the species of the organism. The name must be in italics and in Latin, which was the major language of arts and sciences in the 18th century. The scientific name can be also abbreviated, where the genus is shortened to only its first letter followed by a period. In our example, ''Lepus europaeus'' would become ''L. europaeus''. Taxonomy and binomial nomenclature are both specific methods of classifying an organism. They help to eliminate problems, such as mistaken identity and false assumptions, caused by common names. An example of the former is the fact that a North American robin is quite different from the English robin. An example of the latter is the comparison between crayfish and catfish, where one might believe that they both are fish when in fact, they are quite different. Nomenclature is concerned with the assignment of names to taxonomic groups in agreement with published rules. To study for a test these are the best words to know taxonomist, biologist, chemist, geologist, unicellular, multicellular, bilateral symmetry, radial symmetry, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, respiration, reproduction, vertebrates, endoskeleton, exoskeleton, consumers, decomposers, heterotroph, autotroph, vascular, non-vascular. These are all part of classifying things. == Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes == There are two basic types of cells: '''eukaryotes''' and '''prokaryotes'''. Eukaryotes are more complex in structure, with nuclei and membrane-bound organelles. Some characteristics of eukaryotes are: *Unicellular or multicellular *Small to large, with lengths from about 1μm (''Ostreococcus'') to 30m (the blue whale) *DNA in nucleus, bounded by nuclear envelope *Genome consists of several chromosomes *Cell division by mitosis or meiosis; sexual reproduction is common *Mitochondria and other organelles are present Prokaryotes refer to the smallest and simplest type of cells, without a true nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria fall under this category. Some characteristics: *Unicellular only, although some form filaments or colonies *Small, with lengths from about 0.1 to 5 μm (excluding filaments or colonies) *DNA is circular, and unbounded by a membrane *Genome consists of single chromosome, but there may be additional plasmids *Asexual reproduction, although plasmid transfer may occur *No membrane-bound organelles == Three Domains and Six Kingdoms == The three domains are organized based on the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Today's living prokaryotes are extremely diverse and different from eukaryotes. This fact has been proven by molecular biological studies (e.g. of RNA structure) with modern technology. The three domains are as follows: '''Archaea (Archaebacteria)''' consists of archaebacteria, bacteria which live in extreme environments. The kingdom Archaea belongs to this domain. '''Eubacteria''' consists of more typical bacteria found in everyday life. The kingdom Eubacteria belongs to this domain. '''Eukaryote''' encompasses most of the world's visible living things. The kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia fall under this category. === The Six Kingdoms === Under the three domains are six kingdoms in taxonomy: '''Animalia''', contains general animals and is the largest kingdom with over 1 000 000 species. '''Plantae''', contains all plants on Earth. '''Protista''', the third kingdom, was introduced by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in 1866 to classify micro-organisms which are neither animals nor plants. Since protists are quite irregular, this kingdom is the least understood and the genetic similarities between organisms in this kingdom are largely unknown. For example, some protists can exhibit properties of both animals and plants. '''Fungi''' are organisms that obtain food by absorbing materials in their bodies. Mushrooms and molds belong in this kingdom. Originally, they were part of the plant kingdom but were recategorized when they were discovered not to photosynthesize. '''Eubacteria''' are bacteria, made up of small cells, which differ in appearance from the organisms in the above kingdoms. They lack a nucleus and cell organelles. They have cell walls made of peptidoglycan. '''Archae (or Archaebacteria)''' are bacteria that live in extreme environments, such as salt lakes or hot, acidic springs. These bacteria are in their own category as detailed studies have shown that they have unique properties and features (ex. unusual lipids that are not found in any other organism) which differ them from other bacteria and which allow them to live where they live. Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan. == Origins of Diversity == The diversity in our planet is attributed to diversity within a species. As the world changed in climate and in geography as time passed, the characteristics of species diverged so much that new species were formed. This process, by which new species evolve, was first described by British naturalist Charles Darwin as '''natural selection'''. For an organism to change, genetic mutations must occur. At times, genetic mutations are accidental, as in the case of prokaryotes when they undergo asexual reproduction. For most eukaryotes, genetic mutations occur through sexual reproduction, where meiosis produces haploid gametes from the original parent cells. The fusion of these haploid gametes into a diploid zygote results in genetic variation in each generation. Over time, with enough arrangement of genes and traits, new species are produced. Sexual reproduction creates an immense potential of genetic variety. One goal of taxonomy is to determine the evolutionary history of organisms. This can be achieved by comparing species living today with species in the past. The comparison in anatomy and structure is based on data from development, physical anatomy, biochemistry, DNA, behaviour, and ecological preferences. The following are examples of how such data is used: *Anatomy: Although a horse and a human may look different, there is evidence that their arm structures are quite similar. Their arms' sizes and proportions may be different, but the anatomical structures are quite similar. Such evidence reveals that animals in different taxa may not be that different. Biological features from a common evolutionary origin are known as '''homologous'''. *Development *Biochemistry: Biochemical analysis of animals similar in appearance have yielded surprising results. For example, although guinea pigs were once considered to be rodents, like mice, biochemistry led them to be in their taxon of their own. == Phylogeny, Cladistics, and Cladograms == Modern taxonomy is based on many hypotheses' of the evolutionary history of organisms, known as '''phylogeny'''. As with the Scientific Method, scientists develop a hypothesis on the history of an animal and utilise modern science and technology to prove the phylogeny. '''Cladistics''' is a classification system which is based on phylogeny. Expanding on phylogeny, cladistics is based on the assumption that each group of related species has one common ancestor and would therefore retain some ancestral characteristics. Moreover, as these related species evolve and diverge from their common ancestor, they would develop unique characteristics. Such characteristics are known as '''derived characteristics''' The principles of phylogeny and cladistics can be expressed visually as a '''cladogram''', a branching diagram which acts as a family (phylogenetic) tree for similar species. A cladogram can also be used to test alternative hypotheses for an animal's phylogeny. In order to determine the most likely cladogram, the derived characteristics of similar species are matched and analysed. == Classification of Living Things Practice Questions == 1. If taxonomists had to select an existing kingdom to reclassify, which of the six would most likely be chosen? Why? 2. Complete the following without consulting external sources: a) The species ''caudatum'' is in the family ''Paramecidae''. What would be the binomial name of this organism? b) Give the abbreviation of the binomial name. 3. a) Irish moss belongs to the genus ''Chondrus''. The name for this species is ''crispus''. Give the binomial name. b) Give the abbreviation of the binomial name. 4. Humans and chimpanzees are alike. Which of the following data would most accurately prove this correct? :a) biochemistry :b) DNA :c) appearance :d) development :e) A, B, C 5. Which of the following is out of order? :a) Kingdom --> Phylum --> Class :b) Class --> Family --> Order :c) Family --> Order --> Genus :d) Genus --> Species :e) A, C :f) A, B, D :g) B, C 6. A taxonomist discovers Organism A and Organism B and wishes to classify them. Which of the following choices is the most informative? :a) Both organisms are brown. :b) Both organisms have a tail. :c) Both organisms have ears. :d) Both organisms are nocturnal. 7. DNA analysis is usually done using DNA found in a cell's mitochondria, and not in a cell's nucleus. From your knowledge of mitosis, explain why this is so. <!-- [[/Answers|Answers to Classification of Living Things Practice Questions]]--> 1. Archaebacteria 3.a) Chondrus crispus b) C. cripus 4. B 5. G 6. B {{BookCat}} 6190fcw9kphnb89txk6tklbl92yrhih Cookbook:Tarbes Salad 102 9695 4442360 4386729 2024-10-24T13:57:36Z 151.188.25.139 4442360 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{recipesummary|category=Salad recipes|servings=2–4|time=20 minutes|difficulty=1 | Image = [[File:Tarbes salad.jpg|300px]] }} {{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Salad Recipes|Salad Recipes]] '''Yomama Kamala''' is a sweet and sour salad that is both tasty and easy to make. == Ingredients == === Salad === *1 white or yellow [[Cookbook:Onion|onion]] *1 [[Cookbook:Tablespoon|tablespoon]] [[Cookbook:Olive Oil|olive oil]] *½ head your favorite [[Cookbook:Lettuce|lettuce]] *About 5 [[Cookbook:Walnuts|walnuts]], broken into bits *1 ripe [[Cookbook:Orange|orange]], cut into small pieces *Small chunk of hard [[Cookbook:Blue Cheese|blue]] or [[Cookbook:Roquefort|Roquefort]] cheese, [[Cookbook:Dice|diced]] === Dressing === *50 [[Cookbook:Milliliter|ml]] extra-virgin [[Cookbook:Olive Oil|olive oil]] *25 ml [[Cookbook:Balsamic vinegar|balsamic vinegar]] *1 [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|teaspoon]] whole grain [[Cookbook:Mustard|mustard]] *1 squirt of [[Cookbook:Lemon Juice|lemon juice]] *[[Cookbook:Salt|Salt]] *[[Cookbook:Pepper|Pepper]] to taste == Procedure == # Cut the onion into half moons and brown it in a bit of olive oil. Make it nice and crispy. Once it's done, put it aside in a bowl and squirt a bit of lemon juice on it. # As the onion is cooking, wash the lettuce thoroughly. Soak it several times. Nothing is worse than gritty lettuce in a salad. Break the lettuce into bite-size pieces and drop them in your spinner under running water. Once it's washed, spin it until it's dry. Wet lettuce will dilute the dressing. # Once the lettuce is dry, put it in a bowl. Add the onions, walnuts, orange and cheese. # To make the dressing, just mix the ingredients in a jar and give them a good shake. # Toss everything together in a big bowl and serve. == Notes, tips, and variations == * Prepare the lettuce and onions early. Add the onions to the lettuce (once they've cooled down) and cover the bowl. This will allow the onions to flavor the lettuce. * Put a bit of beer in with the onions as you brown them, or even white [[Cookbook:Wine|wine]] or [[Cookbook:Vermouth|vermouth]]. * Add some [[Cookbook:Mincing|minced]] [[Cookbook:Garlic|garlic]] either to the dressing or to the onions. * Use a ripe [[Cookbook:Pear|pear]] or a [[Cookbook:Kiwifruit|kiwi]] instead of the orange. * Add a sliced up, deeply browned [[Cookbook:Zucchini|zucchini]] in addition to or instead of onion. * If you're in a hurry, skip the onion/zucchini. * Try browning the walnuts with the onions in olive oil. * Turn the salad into dinner by adding strips of [[Cookbook:Chicken|chicken]] or [[Cookbook:Turkey|turkey]] (heavily salted and peppered, browned in butter). * Double the dressing ingredients and save yourself the trouble the next day. Also, you can wash and break up all of your lettuce at once and store it in an airtight bag in the crisper drawer of your refrigerator. [[Category:Salad recipes]] [[Category:Featured recipes]] [[Category:Medium expensive recipes]] [[Category:Blue cheese recipes]] [[Category:Orange recipes]] [[Category:Lemon recipes]] 2ozfilcl9jwzn8vgrno2skuk8qtmcff 4442386 4442360 2024-10-24T18:18:13Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Rejected the last text change (by [[Special:Contributions/151.188.25.139|151.188.25.139]]) and restored revision 4386729 by Kittycataclysm 4442386 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ {{recipesummary|category=Salad recipes|servings=2–4|time=20 minutes|difficulty=1 | Image = [[File:Tarbes salad.jpg|300px]] }} {{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Salad Recipes|Salad Recipes]] '''Tarbes salad''' is a sweet and sour salad that is both tasty and easy to make. == Ingredients == === Salad === *1 white or yellow [[Cookbook:Onion|onion]] *1 [[Cookbook:Tablespoon|tablespoon]] [[Cookbook:Olive Oil|olive oil]] *½ head your favorite [[Cookbook:Lettuce|lettuce]] *About 5 [[Cookbook:Walnuts|walnuts]], broken into bits *1 ripe [[Cookbook:Orange|orange]], cut into small pieces *Small chunk of hard [[Cookbook:Blue Cheese|blue]] or [[Cookbook:Roquefort|Roquefort]] cheese, [[Cookbook:Dice|diced]] === Dressing === *50 [[Cookbook:Milliliter|ml]] extra-virgin [[Cookbook:Olive Oil|olive oil]] *25 ml [[Cookbook:Balsamic vinegar|balsamic vinegar]] *1 [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|teaspoon]] whole grain [[Cookbook:Mustard|mustard]] *1 squirt of [[Cookbook:Lemon Juice|lemon juice]] *[[Cookbook:Salt|Salt]] *[[Cookbook:Pepper|Pepper]] to taste == Procedure == # Cut the onion into half moons and brown it in a bit of olive oil. Make it nice and crispy. Once it's done, put it aside in a bowl and squirt a bit of lemon juice on it. # As the onion is cooking, wash the lettuce thoroughly. Soak it several times. Nothing is worse than gritty lettuce in a salad. Break the lettuce into bite-size pieces and drop them in your spinner under running water. Once it's washed, spin it until it's dry. Wet lettuce will dilute the dressing. # Once the lettuce is dry, put it in a bowl. Add the onions, walnuts, orange and cheese. # To make the dressing, just mix the ingredients in a jar and give them a good shake. # Toss everything together in a big bowl and serve. == Notes, tips, and variations == * Prepare the lettuce and onions early. Add the onions to the lettuce (once they've cooled down) and cover the bowl. This will allow the onions to flavor the lettuce. * Put a bit of beer in with the onions as you brown them, or even white [[Cookbook:Wine|wine]] or [[Cookbook:Vermouth|vermouth]]. * Add some [[Cookbook:Mincing|minced]] [[Cookbook:Garlic|garlic]] either to the dressing or to the onions. * Use a ripe [[Cookbook:Pear|pear]] or a [[Cookbook:Kiwifruit|kiwi]] instead of the orange. * Add a sliced up, deeply browned [[Cookbook:Zucchini|zucchini]] in addition to or instead of onion. * If you're in a hurry, skip the onion/zucchini. * Try browning the walnuts with the onions in olive oil. * Turn the salad into dinner by adding strips of [[Cookbook:Chicken|chicken]] or [[Cookbook:Turkey|turkey]] (heavily salted and peppered, browned in butter). * Double the dressing ingredients and save yourself the trouble the next day. Also, you can wash and break up all of your lettuce at once and store it in an airtight bag in the crisper drawer of your refrigerator. [[Category:Salad recipes]] [[Category:Featured recipes]] [[Category:Medium expensive recipes]] [[Category:Blue cheese recipes]] [[Category:Orange recipes]] [[Category:Lemon recipes]] nyh6gt9yt7bem1nay45n8d5z2w085jg User talk:Panic2k4 3 15929 4442384 4400387 2024-10-24T18:11:42Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Remembering the Templars */ new section 4442384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Return|to=User:Panic2k4}} {| align=right class=PrettyTextBox style="-moz-border-radius: 1em;" cellspacing="3" |- valign="top" |width="45%" style="border: 1px solid #000000; color: #000; | <div style="padding: .4em .9em .9em"> {{User talk:Panic2k4/Header}} <center>'''ASK QUESTIONS'''</center> ;If you are going to ask any question first take some time and take a look into<br> [http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html#intro How To Ask Questions The Smart Way ]... txs ---- <center>'''REPORT BUGS'''</center> ;If you are going to report a BUG please take the time to look at this Guide first<br> [http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html How to Report Bugs]. |align=center cellspacing="3" width="20%" style="border: 1px solid #000000; color: #000; background-color: #ffc0c0"| <div style="padding: .4em .9em .9em"> <h1>Archived messages...</h1> <center>[[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive2|here]] and in [[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive1|Archive]].</center> '''C++ Programming''' old discussion moved to<br>[[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive2|Archive 2]], [[User Talk:Panic2k4/Archive3|Archive]]<br> '''The user blocks saga''' old post moved to <br>[[User Talk:Panic2k4/block|blocks]]<br> '''essays'''<br> [[User:Panic2k4/How To Do Nothing|How To Do Nothing]] |- |colspan="2" width="80%" | <div style="padding: .4em .9em .9em"> == Working on it... == <big>[[User:Panic2k4/Decision making and Community consensus on Wikibooks|'''Essay on Decision making and Community consensus on Wikibooks''']]</big> - (active)<br> {{dynamic navigation |title = Other planed '''Essays''' |bodystyle=text-align:left; |body = <span class="plainlinks"> [[/Arbitration and it's applicability to Administrative actions|'''Essay on Arbitration and it's applicability to Administrative actions''']] - (stub) arbitrations, unblock, beyond wikiworld (real world liabilities), how to address events or accusations if you don't have prof or are not involved, great example [[http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks%3AVotes_for_deletion&diff=769516&oldid=769429 here]] .<br> [[/User Blocks (best practices)|'''Essay on User Blocks (best practices)''']]- (stub) how to avoid abuses, proxys other limitations on how to make people comply if not in good faith<br> [[/Be Bold and restrictions|'''Essay on Be Bold and restrictions''']]- (stub) define the general restrictions (format, scope)<br> [[/Administrators (users on a task)|'''Essay on Administrators (users on a task)''']] - (stub) no special insight, common users on a task<br> [[/Authors and Contributor|'''Essay on Authors and Contributor''']] - (stub) Darklama/Whiteknigh view, history pages, anonymous contributions and IDs (to be extended on the another essay), real world liabilities (on copyright), Moving control toward a defined book community (see [[User:Whiteknight/Primary Authors|Primary Authors]] and argue against the Essay concept)<br> [[/Forks|'''Essay on Forks''']] - (stub) show my divergences even with [[http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.science.linguistics.wikipedia.technical/14252 Jimbo on the forks]] (related to the C++ fork).<br> [[/GFDL and copyright|'''Essay on the GFDL and copyright''']] - (stub) Darklama/WitheKnight view, erroneous identification (or claims of abuse of copyright), history pages problems and abuses or simply as misinformation, GFDL and Documentation (not software), WMF and GFDL/FSF, [[Wikibooks:Copyrights]], GFDL [http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/gpl-violation.html violation] (only copyright holders), [http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html Copyright Law of the United States of America], [[Wikibooks:Ownership]]<br> [[/CrossTalk|'''Essay on using back channels to promote hegemony ''']] (see also [[User:Panic2k4/A house with no law(n)]]) </small></span>}} {{dynamic navigation |title = NOTES |bodystyle=text-align:left; |body = {{NOTE|note= [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Talk:The_World_of_Peer-to-Peer_%28P2P%29 Examine and mine this] comment try to find a place for the info (P2P) --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] 04:21, 14 March 2007 (UTC) ---- Guideline needed to process and address requests of copyvio --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] 18:55, 27 February 2007 (UTC) ---- Find out what happened to the C++ Programming discussion archives. ---- '''Math exercises and info'''[http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3APanic2k4&diff=1038225&oldid=1038224 1] move contribution of side project into wikibooks under a) general page to be used by others OR b) have to look for the proper places to include the stuff... --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] 20:15, 25 November 2007 (UTC) ---- [http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3AMike.lifeguard&diff=1257855&oldid=1257291 User talk:Mike.lifeguard talk posts regarding speedy deletion, vfd and C++ toc] --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|talk]]) 18:11, 18 January 2009 (UTC) }} }} <center>[http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Panic2k4&action=edit&section=new Leave a new message]</center> == [[Elements of Political Communication]] == Hi there,<br /> Since there isn't really a "peer review" process that I know of on Wikibooks, I was wondering if you could do me a favor. I've been working on [[Elements of Political Communication]] for a year or so, off and on when I had the time. At some point (though I'm not sure when) I'd like to nominate it for featured book status, but I still have a number of changes to make. I was wondering if you could skim through it and give me a few thoughts on style, structure, format, or anything else that crosses your mind. I've tried to keep it readable, printable, and most importantly, practical. It uses a [[Template:Quiz|new template]], so that probably should be checked out for any potential issues, too. If it isn't really your thing, could you possibly direct me to an editor who might help? Thanks a ton, &ndash; [[User:Runfellow|Runfellow]] ([[User talk:Runfellow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Runfellow|contribs]]) 16:51, 16 November 2012 (UTC) :In regards to functioning and structure beyond the accepted conventions there has been many divergent views. I will gladly take a look and comment according to my preferences. :I'm not a great supporter of the featured book process, but understand the validity of the goal of providing readers the more complete works. :If you are after a preview of the process (by having the general community review the book outside of the featured book process itself) you could place an announcement on the [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Projects]] or you could first attempt to get an idea from those reading/editing/interested in the specific work ([http://stats.grok.se/en.b/latest60/Elements_of_Political_Communication Elements of Political Communication has been viewed 423 times in the last 60 days]) by adding a information box linking and promoting a dialog on the talk page. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 07:31, 17 November 2012 (UTC) :One thing that I dislike but it is more a software limitation is having a large list of references/notes at the bottom of a page and it is one motive why I do not use beyond directly mentioning them in the text (or linking to Wikipedia where the reader can get more details and editors maintain the information). :As an on-line reader I also prefer larger pages than a need to navigate across the work, especially if some of the pages have no real content in it. I have in my works attempted to join my need as an editor to have a larger view of the content with that reader preference (even useful for section printing) and attempt to provide a full chapter as a single page. Some people like it some don't but it can be done easily with wiki trasclusions and keep both sides happy (don't remember how it works out with the references/notes). :I like the entry page, I would only move the search box up a bit since you provide navigation into subsections a online reader that is revisiting or someone that is just browsing may need to use it more than once and having it in the bottom of the page in todays widescreen setups is a bit bothersome. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 07:47, 17 November 2012 (UTC) ::Featured Book status obviously isn't a huge deal, just a way to spread the word a bit more and have a little fun. Regarding the references, I admit the structure is not very intuitive for more novice editors, but I think it works well for the time being as a consistent system that avoids the clutter you're talking about. On the subject of larger pages, I'll look into doing an transclusions, but a) I'm also keenly aware of the average person's reading habits online and b) the eventual goal here is to expand the content of each page, slowly but surely, with practical and useful information. I'll see about moving the search box; everything is a bit tightly packed in there right now that there's little room to maneuver. &ndash; [[User:Runfellow|Runfellow]] ([[User talk:Runfellow|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Runfellow|contribs]]) 16:47, 20 November 2012 (UTC) == Migration of other controversial content == Hi Panic, I was thinking it might be good to migrate most of the content from [[wikiindex:NewgonWiki|NewgonWiki]] and [[wikiindex:BoyWiki|BoyWiki]] over here. I'm not sure what the title of the book(s) would be; perhaps [[boylove]], [[intergenerational sexuality]], or [[sexual emancipation of minors]], or something. This [https://www.newgon.com/wiki/Debate_Guide debate guide] provides some interesting arguments, for instance. I'm not too familiar with the norms around here. Sometimes policy can say one thing, and practice can be quite another. Are one-sided polemics considered okay for inclusion? I figure, someone can create another book with polemics from the opposing viewpoint, so in that way, balance between different arguments can be achieved. On some Wikimedia wikis, the topic of adult-child sexual relationships is so touchy that even advocating that this type of content be included could be considered grounds for banning the user. I don't see any such policy here, but I'm not in a mood to get banned, so I thought I'd ask first. Also, even if the reaction wouldn't be a ban, I don't like to create content that's just going to be deleted. Thanks, [[User:Leucosticte|Leucosticte]] ([[User talk:Leucosticte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leucosticte|contribs]]) 23:51, 24 October 2014 (UTC) :First I must confess that the subject in itself is something that I find displeasing in certain circumstances/context, but at the same time will acknowledge the need of making it visible and not hidden or made into a taboo. Humans are complex and society is often restrictive to fringe behaviors and minorities (for many reasons some bad others good). :Having established that I would support the creation of a work regarding the subject if it conforms to a textbook with educational value, there are already books that could probably include this subject maybe [[Abnormal Sexual Psychology]]... :As for keeping a specific viewpoint you will need to cement that as the specificity of the scope of the book and provide for a book specific community record/forum to process and approve changes and core modification so that they may be consensual and reduce interference for non-contributors. Note that due to its controversial nature there will be a high probability that someone will attempt to get the Wikibook's community in general to delete the project. It would certainly need extra care as to stay within our project's guidelines, if so then it is all up for to the value of the content and the argumentation for its existence here. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 06:11, 25 October 2014 (UTC) == Cannot vs. can not on [[Computer Science Design Patterns/Singleton|Singleton Pattern]] == My apologies for the hasty edit. After some research, there does seem to be [http://english.stackexchange.com/a/4516 a lot of discussion] on the subject, and [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/cannot Oxford Dictionaries] states that can not is also acceptable. Cheers, [[User:Hardwigg|Hardwigg]] ([[User talk:Hardwigg|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hardwigg|contribs]]) 18:09, 4 December 2014 (UTC) :No problem its interesting how any living language evolves and is shaped by its use. Somethings we like or see as logical and acceptable others we dislike or become annoyances by how they create exceptions to normal rules. In this case I see "cannot" as a creep of the way dialog passes into writing and as an unnecessary innovation that at best shows a modicum of laziness as I can't see any added value... --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 20:40, 4 December 2014 (UTC) :: &lt;dropping in on the conversation&gt; :: Interesting. To me "cannot" and "can not" mean different things, and "cannot" is much more often wanted. If somebody can not do something, I understand that to mean they are able to not do it, where as if they cannot do it, I understand they are unable to do it. When someone uses "can not" to mean the second thing rather than the first, I find I have to stop and think about what they mean. Presumably, this is because I find the distinction between the two meanings useful; if I were, occasionally, trying to say the first thing out loud, I would carefully enunciate a pause between "can" and "not" to emphasize that "not" is grouped with the word after it rather than the "can" before it, and I imitate that pause or lack of pause in my orthography. --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 22:27, 4 December 2014 (UTC) Thank you for the corrections. For the "program text" term, I want to say I read it in a few books, one of which was a concurrent programming book. It makes sense when you think about it, however it isn't a widely conjured term and may raise a copyright conflict. Thanks. == Interwikis from Wikijunior == Hi, there are two reasons why I usually remove interwiki links from Wikijunior: WJ is "censored" (in a way) to age appropriate material, and Wikipedia isn't. It therefore seems wrong to encourage the reader to link to Wikipedia. Secondly, given the intended readership of Wikijunior, I don't think it is helpful even if the content is suitable for them to be sent to Wikipedia - they aren't really going to find the Wikipedia article in most cases helpful. Obviously I'm not going to remove the links you re-added, but I wanted to explain why I think it is inappropriate - thanks. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 11:45, 27 May 2015 (UTC) :The Wikilinks in themselves aren't objectionable or guaranteed to violate the expectation of safety (if so then I would agree that they should be removed), that expectation of safety can only exist if other "censorship" is actual, as the reader is most probably using the Internet. Making that logic flawed in the sense that you are censoring content outside of Wikijunior. :If we took your position further we should remove all links to other Wikibook content or even the communal areas from ever being displayed to a Wikijunior reader. :The "censorship" guarantees and exists only so that it complements parental control or other intentional censorship used for the reader to stay confined to the wikijunior domain/space and other safe locations. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 17:12, 27 May 2015 (UTC) :: Any argument if taken to absurdity becomes absurd; that's irrelevant to the merits of the original argument. I agree with QU; primary text in wikijunior books oughtn't generally be wikilinked to wikipedia. --[[User:Pi zero|Pi zero]] ([[User talk:Pi zero|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi zero|contribs]]) 15:22, 28 May 2015 (UTC) :::Not if the argument is absurd in the first place, the idea that we should censure links from a wikipage in a wikiproject unless the content is directly objectionable in general and in particular in regards to Wikijunior. With the added trouble that it is even not a consistent and communal agreed censorship task. The only policy we have to guide content on Wikijunior mentions only "kid friendly content", I strongly believe that the Wikibooks community in general can not easily agree what "kid safety" is let alone be allowed to enforce on others and their content unwritten censorship guidelines that goes beyond a very basic level of common sense. :::So to me it seems nonsensical that links to Wikipedia be regarded differently to any other link to non-Wikijunior content that is displayed to a Wikibook reader. That was the point I was adding to demonstrate that this type of censorship is mostly pointless and ineffective since the user is already presented links to other sites on the navigational aids and "promotions" inside Wikijunior (including navigational aids, automations like clicking in an image, etc...). :::You are free to agree with QU and not wikilink to wikipedia in your own contributions but acting beyond that without any editorial regard is unacceptable. In any case I've been here for a long time and know well those that push for stronger diwikification of our content in general (to a point that I regard it as covert vandalism when not done in considered moderation and try to fix it when I detect the practice) but this is not the topic of the discussion here. :::The topic as presented by QuiteUnusual is about a generic censorship to outside links (not only wikilinks) from Wikijunior. To what I disagreed and see as futile and impractical if not targeting very specific content. :::I would object to generic, informal and overreaching censorship of content anywhere, that is an anathema to what out project(s) stand for. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 03:01, 29 May 2015 (UTC) == Portuguese books split == Thanks for [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Portuguese/Contents&diff=next&oldid=2413903 adding the TODO box here]. I agree they should perhaps be merged, but did you notice as well that there's actually a three way split in these books. There's a [[Brazilian Portuguese]] book. And a book which has two bits to it [[Portuguese/Contents#Courses for Portuguese spoken in Brazil]] and [[Contents#Courses for Portuguese spoken in Portugal]]. So that's messy. It seems to me those first two should definitely be merged somehow, even if the brazil/portugal separation remains. Some old discussion here: [[Contents#Separate_wikibook_Brazilian_Portuguese]]. Very old discussion in fact. One day I should just ''be bold'' and merge it somehow. -- [[User:Harry Wood|Harry Wood]] ([[User talk:Harry Wood|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harry Wood|contribs]]) 14:10, 28 May 2015 (UTC) == The name Andrada == I was a little confused as to why you reverted my edit that reverted a.new.way's change of Andrada to Andrade on [[Writing_Adolescent_Fiction/Character_names/Portuguese|this page]]. Andrada is a real Portuguese surname, as is mentioned [http://www.nameyourroots.com/names/report?name1=Andrada here]. And as I said in my edit summary, we already have Andrade on the surname list. As a matter of fact, it's the first name on the surname list, in the "top 20 surnames" part. [[User:Cilantrohead|Cilantrohead]] ([[User talk:Cilantrohead|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cilantrohead|contribs]]) 22:54, 8 May 2016 (UTC) :Sorry, I reverted my chance. :Since you did not include in the edit comment the duplication I saw it as a substitution of a common surname with a less common one, as the list doesn't intent to be "complete" the edit had less value than the original. Note also that Andrada is not common today (as some other surnames already on that list), if an Author is writing something contemporaneous some of the more obscure surnames should be avoided, that is why I chose not to edit it in and simply restore the page to the previous state. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 18:01, 9 May 2016 (UTC) ::Does "I reverted my chance" mean "I reverted my change"? ::I ''did'' "include in the edit comment the duplication". As I wrote in [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Writing_Adolescent_Fiction/Character_names/Portuguese&diff=3078721&oldid=2221353 this edit summary], "We already have Andrade". We started out with many more Portuguese surnames, but then in 2008 A.new.way [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Writing_Adolescent_Fiction/Character_names/Portuguese&diff=1228594&oldid=1228588 made a bold edit] that removed many of the surnames on the list. I'm not sure which were not really Portuguese and which A.new.way just removed because s/he hadn't heard of them. ::Also, I noticed you moved Andrade to its alphabetical space from the front of the list. Most of our surname lists start out with a list of the 10 or 20 most common surnames from that ethnicity in declining order of frequency, often followed by an alphabetical list of names 21-50, or names 21-100, or names 21-200, before continuing with an alphabetical list of the rest. Check out [[Writing_Adolescent_Fiction/Character_names/German#Surnames]] for an example of this. You will see that it starts out with the 20 most common German surnames, before going into names 21-200, and then the rest of the names. [[User:Cilantrohead|Cilantrohead]] ([[User talk:Cilantrohead|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cilantrohead|contribs]]) 02:29, 12 May 2016 (UTC) ::: Sorry I expressed my self badly, or well you did on the comment. As a reviewer I saw "We already have Andrade" at the same time it substituted it by Andrada as a null comment (I did not review the complete page only the names next to the edit, nor did I do a search). In any case I already said I was sorry and I restored it. As for what I take is an "unwritten ordering" of the names of the list I think that it just becomes a mess and people will probably not get it at all or comply to it, but fell free to revert my move. Now that I think about it I have that page under watch so if you have the time see in the history if I did not do any other damages... --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 21:48, 14 May 2016 (UTC) :::: So people won't understand how the frequency ordering works? Well, I have decided to rectify that. I am going to change all the surname frequency lists to include frequency section headings. See, for instance, what I just did to [[Writing_Adolescent_Fiction/Character_names/English#Surnames]] after fixing up the English surname list. I have also simplified the lists [[Writing_Adolescent_Fiction/Character_names/Girls]] and [[Writing_Adolescent_Fiction/Character_names/Boys]], reducing each to a three-tier list. :::: As for the Portuguese names page, I reverted A.new.way's insertion of "a few" before the statement that there are Portuguese with non-Brazilian surnames. It's not like only a tiny minority of Brazilians have non-Portoguese sornames. [[User:Cilantrohead|Cilantrohead]] ([[User talk:Cilantrohead|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cilantrohead|contribs]]) 01:46, 13 June 2016 (UTC) == Request for comment == Hi Requesting your comment and guidance. @ [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General#Requesting_permission_to_host_agglomerated_editions_of_Indian_Copyright_Act_editions_which_are_not_supported_by_wikisource]] Thanks and regards [[User:Mahitgar|Mahitgar]] ([[User talk:Mahitgar|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mahitgar|contribs]]) 06:57, 11 March 2017 (UTC) == Sources for Hypnosis == Avidly reading the wikibook and wondering where you picked up your information or what your sources are. Thanks [[User:Sultec|Sultec]] ([[User talk:Sultec|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sultec|contribs]]) 19:36, 21 October 2021 (UTC) :There is an public domain book listed as source. The rest was already there, contributed from Wikipedia (IIRC salvaged from deletion, edit history preserved) and some is my own knowledge and investigation as I'm interest in the subject. --[[User:Panic2k4|Panic]] ([[User talk:Panic2k4|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Panic2k4|contribs]]) 13:41, 27 May 2024 (UTC) |} ==[[:Remembering the Templars]]== {{tmbox|type=delete|text='''Panic2k4, please [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Remembering the Templars|share your thoughts]] about whether to [[WB:WIW|keep]] or [[WB:DP|delete]] "[[:Remembering the Templars|Remembering the Templars]]".'''<br />You are being notified because you have contributed to this work. [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:11, 24 October 2024 (UTC)}} 6hmvvxu6ktmdc2cqqd9xyw5rsdxz6f7 Social Psychology/Introduction 0 27047 4442391 4339235 2024-10-24T20:26:15Z Dr AGWilson 3485406 added a comment for a need for citations 4442391 wikitext text/x-wiki <u></u>{{TOCright}} ==What is social psychology?== '''Social psychology''' is the study of how individuals perceive, influence, and relate to others. According to Gordon Allport's classic definition, social psychology is an attempt to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behavior of individuals is influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. By imagined or implied presence, Allport is suggesting that the effects of [[social influence]] are felt even when there are no other people about. <!--this should have a citation--> ==Psychological and sociological emphases== Social psychology is usually considered as subfields of [[psychology]] or [[sociology]], which concentrate on the relative importance of individual or social influences and effects respectively. Some of the differences are organizational (e.g., psychological and sociological social psychologists tend to publish in different journals) whilst other differences include the type of processes emphasized by the respective disciplines. Psychological social psychologists tend take an interactional approach to human social behavior which emphasizes factors both within the person (cognition, affect, motives, neurophysiology, and personality traits), and the immediate social situation. Sociological social psychologists tend to emphasize processes outside of the person at a more distant macro-level, such as social structure and a more immediate micro-level, such as social interaction. Both include the use of the individual and the group as units of analysis in their research. {|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" | '''Sociological social psychology''' | Looks at the social behavior of humans in terms of associations and relationships that they have. This type leans toward sociology. One offshoot of this perspective is the ''Personality and Social Structure Perspective'', which emphasizes the links between individual personality and identity, and how it relates to social structures. Sociological social psychologists tend to publish in Social Psychology Quarterly. Sociological social psychologists usually are members of social psychology section of the American Sociological Association (ASA). | rowspan="2" | [[image:social-psychology-division.gif|right|Social Psychology subfields]] |- | '''Psychological social psychology''' | Looks at social behavior of humans in terms of the mental states of the individuals. Psychological social psychologists tend to publish in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, and Experimental Social Psychology. Psychological social psychologists usually are members of the Society of Personality and Social Psychology, an affiliate of the American Psychological Association (APA). |} === Relation to other fields === Social psychology has close ties with the other social sciences, especially [[sociology]] and [[psychology]]. It also has very strong ties to the field of social philosophy. * ''Sociology'' is the study of group behavior and human societies, with emphasis on the structures of societies and the processes of social influence. Includes all ''organizational behavior''. * ''Psychology'' is the study of the underlying psychological processes that make all behaviors and experiences possible. Some examples of the things it seeks to explain are: the attribution of mental states to others, the notion of a unitary 'self', sight and perception, personality and identity, warfare and violence, love, being hungry, waking up, etc. * ''Philosophy of the social sciences'' is the study of theoretical questions about the experience and behavior of persons and the justifications involved with how they are studied in the social sciences. It involves questions related to the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of language, social epistemology, and many other fields. == History == The discipline of social psychology began at the dawn of the twentieth century. Landmark moments include the publication of Charles Horton Cooley's "Human Nature and Social Order" in 1902, which sought to explain the social order by use of the concept of a looking-glass self. The first textbooks in social psychology would be published six years later by E. A. Ross and William McDougall. John Stuart Mill, Auguste Comte and others laid the foundation for social psychology by asserting that human social cognition and behavior could and should be studied scientifically like any other natural science. == The concerns of social psychology == === General research interests === [[image:soc-psy_diagram.jpg|150px|right|Social Psychology Diagram]] Social psychology attempts to understand the relationship between minds, groups, and behaviors in three general ways. First, it tries to see how the thoughts, feelings and behaviors of '''individuals''' are ''influenced'' by the '''actual, imagined, or implied presence of other(s)''' (Allport 3). This includes social perception, social interaction, and the many kinds of social influence (like trust, power, and persuasion). Gaining insight into the social psychology of persons involves looking at the influences that individuals have on the ''beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors'' of other individuals, as well as the influence that ''groups'' have on individuals. This aspect of social psychology asks questions like: <blockquote style="background: #C7E1F5; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em;"> * How do small group dynamics impact cognition and emotional states? * How do social groups control or contribute to behavior, emotion, or attitudes of the individual members? * How does the group impact the individual? * How does the individual operate within the social group?</blockquote> Second, it tries to understand the influence that '''individual perceptions and behaviors have upon the behavior of groups'''. This includes looking at things like ''group productivity in the workplace'' and ''group decision making''. It looks at questions like: * How does persuasion work to change group behavior, emotion or attitudes? * What are the reasons behind conformity, diversity, and deviance? Third, and finally, social psychology tries to understand '''groups themselves as behavioral entities''', and the relationships and influences that one group has upon another group (Michener 5). It asks questions like: * What makes some groups hostile to one another, and others neutral or civil? * Do groups behave in a different way than an individual outside the group? In European textbooks there is also fourth level called the "ideological" level. It studies the societal forces that influence the human psyche. === Underlying issues === In social psychology, as in any other discipline, there will be a number of underlying philosophical predispositions in the projects of scientists. Some of these predispositions involve the nature of social knowledge itself, the nature of social reality, and the locus of human control in action (Cote and Levine, 2002; Slife and Gantt, 1999). One main and lasting crisis has been the debate over positivism and phenomenology. In the former, the research focus has been an attempt to find overarching, universal laws to social behavior and history. In the latter, by contrast, the emphasis is upon a focus of empirical study, and making accurate descriptions of social reality, regardless of whether or not they fit a grand theory or explanation. These two forms have tended to lend themselves to favor either quantitative or qualitative methods, respectively. In addition to these two orientations, there is a third outlook: a kind of social rationalism, which makes use of axiomatic presuppositions in order to explain social reality. One underlying problem for the social psychologists is whether or not their studies can or should ultimately be understood in terms of the meaning and consciousness behind social action, as with folk psychology, or whether or not more objective materialist and behavioral facts are to be given exclusive study. This problem is especially important for those within social psychology who study meaning and language, and for those in the sociological social psychology tradition who favor symbolic interactionism, because a rejection of the study of meanings would lead to the reclassification of such research as unempirical. Three persistent themes in the philosophy of the social sciences, and which directly affect social psychology, have been the '''structure-agency debate''', and the related arguments over determinism and free will. First, especially important among sociological social psychologists, the structure-agency debate (sometimes referred to by the terms "individualism" and "holism") involves questions about the nature of social behavior: whether it is ultimately predictable in terms of the creative volition of the individual, or is largely a product of socialization, interaction, and greater social structures. (Bunnin and Tsui-James, 2003) The concern over free will has often been posed as philosophical and methodological, and not empirical, usually in the tradition of incompatibilism. However, some compatibilists see the issue as itself being something which can be investigated empirically by social psychologists. The work of Benjamin Libet is one example of research that has been taken to be an empirical refutation of the notion of free will. === Research ethics === Social psychologists are concerned with ethical issues, and there are certain ethical controversies that are especially apparent in this area. The goal of social psychology is to understand naturally occurring cognition and behavior in a social context, but the very act of observing people in social contexts tends to influence and alter their behavior. For this reason, many social psychology experiments utilize '''deception''' to conceal or distort certain aspects of the study. Deception may include false cover stories, false participants (known as confederates or stooges), false feedback given to the participants, and so on. This practice has been challenged by some psychologists who maintain that deception under any circumstances is not ethically correct, and that other research strategies (e.g. role-playing) should be used instead. Unfortunately, research has shown that role-playing studies do not produce the same results as deception studies and this has cast doubt on their validity. In addition to deception, experimenters have at times put people into potentially uncomfortable or embarrassing situations (e.g. the Milgram experiment), and this has also been criticized for ethical reasons. To protect the rights and wellbeing of research participants, and at the same time discover meaningful results and insights into human behavior, virtually all social psychology research must pass an ethical review process. At most colleges and universities, this is conducted by an ethics committee or institutional review board. This group examines the proposed research to make sure that no harm is done to the participants, and that the benefits of the study outweigh any possible risks or discomforts to people taking part in the study. Furthermore, a process of '''informed consent''' is often used to make sure that volunteers know what will happen in the experiment and understand that they are allowed to quit the experiment at any time. A '''debriefing''' is typically done at the conclusion of the experiment in order to reveal any deceptions used and generally make sure that the participants are unharmed by the procedures. Today, most research in social psychology involves no more risk of harm than can be expected as by routine psychological testing or normal daily activities. ==See also== {{wikiversity|Introduction to social psychology}} {{wikiversity|Introduction to social psychology/Lecture|1st year lecture}} {{wikiversity|Social psychology (psychology)/Lectures/Introduction|3rd year lecture}} {{wikipedia|Social psychology}} {{commons|Category:Social psychology}} == External links == * [http://www.socialpsychology.org/ Social Psychology Network] * [http://www.spsp.org/ Society for Personality and Social Psychology] * [http://www.sesp.org/ Society of Experimental Social Psychology] <br> {{WikipediaCredit}} {{clear}} {{BookCat}} q94a6ay3vwr9rlug19s6f0x9bqn91i8 Austrian German 0 30173 4442348 4442331 2024-10-24T12:18:53Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}{{stub}} The official language of Austria is German. The variety used is called Austrian German, which contains minor differences in vocabulary and pronunciation: it is much more mild, liberal and melodious unlike the German in Germany which is harsh, arrogant and even somewhat mastering. The varieties are mostly mutually intelligible. However, the native language of almost all Austrians is not German, but instead various local dialects of the Austro-Bavarian language, replaced by Alemannic in Vorarlberg. Both are closely related but not always mutually intelligible with each other and German, especially not the Southern Austro-Bavarian dialects and Alemannic. On the other hand, practically everyone except many people over 70 and rural people over 50 can also speak German, again using the Austrian variety, as a second language, and as the official language, it is also expected to be used in modern day schools. Vienna is a special case. The original Austro-Bavarian (Wienerisch) dialects have practically disappeared (except among older people) and been replaced with a single Wienerisch/German mix language, which is the result of Wienerisch growing closer to German. And right now, among children, this is also disappearing, as the German language is in the process of taking over as the first language in Vienna, so most Viennese children today use German as their mother tongue and Wienerisch as a second language, and in fact, a few speak no Wienerisch at all. This Germanization has also been slightly noticed in other parts of the country, such as Salzburg and Graz, where Austro-Bavarian, however, for the moment, remains the mother tongue of the vast majority in these places. == The differences - die Unterschiede - der Unterschied == Austro-Bavarian is closely related to German. But there are many differences between the two. {| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;" ! ENGLISH !! GERMAN !! AUSTRO-BAVARIAN |- ! respectable !! solide !! frank |- ! flat tyre !! Reifenpanne !! Patschn |- ! helmet !! Helm !! Blechhaubn |- ! I am !! ich bin !! i bin |- ! you are !! du bist !! du bist |- ! he is !! er ist !! er is |- ! we are !! wir sind !! mia san |- ! you are !! ihr seid !! ihr sads |- ! they are !! sie sind !! dei san |- ! I go to school. !! Ich gehe in die Schule. !! I geh int Schui. |- ! We play chess. !! Wir spielen Schach. !! Mia schpün Schach. (schpü ma Schach.) |} == Substanives - Hauptwörter - Hauptwerta == '''Singular - Plural''' {| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;" ! English S. !! English Pl. !! German S. !! German Pl. !! Austro-Bavarian S. !! Austro-Bavarian Pl. |- ! the peach !! the peaches !! der Pfirsich !! die Pfirsiche !! da Pfirsich !! die Pfirsich |- ! the dog !! the dogs !! der Hund !! die Hunde !! da Hund !! die Hund |- ! the cat !! the cats !! die Katze !! die Katzen !! di Kotz !! die Kotzn |- ! the candle !! the candles !! die Kerze !! die Kerzen !! di Kerzn !! die Kerzn |- ! the face !! the faces !! das Gesicht !! die Gesichter !! des Gsicht !! die Gsichta |- ! the book !! the books !! das Buch !! die Bücher !! des Buach !! die Biacha |} == The cases - die Fälle - dei Fälle == '''First case - erster Fall - ertsa Foi''' * m: der Sessel - da Sessl (the chair) * f: die Bluse - die Blusn (the blouse) * n: das Halstuch - des Hoistuach (the neckerchief) '''Second case - zweiter Fall - zweita Foi''' * m: des Sessels - vom Sessl (3rd case!!!) ... there is no second case in the Austrian language * f: der Bluse - von da Blusn (3rd case) * n: des Halstuches - vom Hoistuach (3rd case) '''Third case - dritter Fall - dritta Foi''' * m: (von) dem Sessel - (von) dem (vom) Sessl * f: (von) der Bluse - (von) da Blusn * n: (von) dem Halstuch - (von) dem (vom) Hoistuach '''Forth case - vierter Fall - viata Foi''' * m: den Sessel - den Sessl * f: die Bluse - dei Blusn * n: das Halstuch - des Hoistuach == Weblinks == * [http://www.ostarrichi.org/ Österreichisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch] -- Austrian-German dictionary (in German) __NOTOC__ {{Shelves|Languages of Europe|German language}} {{alphabetical|A}} {{status|0%}} j5hos5170yfloautpe6lcd2b5hcmvug Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...dxc4/3. e4 0 81406 4442401 3550380 2024-10-24T21:38:42Z 122.56.168.245 Changed symbol annotation of 3... b5 from ?! to !? to better reflect the objective strength of the move, as it has been played by masters in recent high-level games and is one of the preferred engine moves (Lc0's favourite move, and SF rates it highly as well). 4442401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position|= |Queen's Gambit Accepted| |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= |pd|pd|pd| |pd|pd|pd|pd|= | | | | | | | | |= | | | | | | | | |= | | |pd|pl|pl| | | |= | | | | | | | | |= |pl|pl| | | |pl|pl|pl|= |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|= || }} =Queen's Gambit Accepted= ==3.e4== In this line, white moves immediately to reclaim the "gambit" pawn. The rationale is simple. In most lines of the QGA, white allows black to play ...Nf6 which usually means white has to play f2-f3 in preparation for e3-e4. By playing e2-e4 now, white establishes broad control of the center without losing time. This also has the potential advantage of allowing the c1-bishop to develop unhindered. Also, black is forced to choose a central strategy now or else face being dominated by white's center and development. Black is no worse in these lines, though, than in the classical QGA's, and can obtain counterplay in these lines as well as the others. Here are several options: * 3...e5 * 3...c5 * 3...Nf6 - Playing this now can lead to Alekhine-like positions. * 3...Nc6 - Takes advantage of the fact white has not played 3. Nf3 to pressurize the d4 pawn. Trying to hold on to the pawn with 3...b5!? is not advised, as even though the e4 pawn blocks the h1-a8 diagonal, it is still quite risky to hold on to the pawn. After 4. a4! c6 5. axb5 cxb5, the weak diagonal is subject to discovered attacks and queen-bishop batteries. The b5 pawn could soon be in jeopardy and white's attacking opportunities and moderate (but still significant) lead in development gives more than enough compensation for the pawn. ==Theory table== {{ChessTable}}. '''1. d4 d5 2. c4 dxc4 3. e4''' <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> <tr> <th></th> <th align="left">3</th> </tr> <tr> <th align="right"></th> <td>e4<br>[[/3...e5|e5]]</td> <td>=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right"></th> <td>...<br>[[/3...c5|c5]]</td> <td>=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right"></th> <td>...<br>[[/3...Nf6|Nf6]]</td> <td>=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right"></th> <td>...<br>[[/3...Nc6|Nc6]]</td> <td>=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right"></th> <td>...<br>b5!?</td> <td>+/=</td> </tr> </table> {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{BCO2}} {{ChessFooter}} elabimf10cdsf5lbrp0p3k7gwmvl4zf Diplomacy/Rules 0 85241 4442378 4382274 2024-10-24T16:17:19Z 199.216.105.18 /* Units */ 4442378 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diplomacy.svg|thumb|300px|''Diplomacy'' game board, showing regions and boundaries. The "supply centers" are visible in the large version.]] ==Object of the game== The object of the game is to use your armies and fleets to conquer as much of Europe as you can. Specifically, you must ''capture and be in possession of at least 18 of the 34 nations or provinces on the map that contain supply centres'' - i.e. a simple majority - at the end of a year. Quite often the game ends in a two-way, three-way, or even four-way <b>draw</b>. Draws are generally agreed upon by all players or are declared after a pre-set time limit has been reached with all surviving participants sharing in the win. ==The game board== The board is divided into a large number of spaces, each identified by a name (often abbreviated to three letters). There are three types of space on the board: ocean or sea spaces, land spaces, and coastal land spaces. The type of space determines which units can occupy them. 34 of the land provinces are '''supply centers'''. Possession of these supply centers allows the powers who control them to raise and maintain armies and fleets. As they are also a central part of the game's victory conditions, they are the focus of much of the game's activity. Each player is given three (save for Russia, which has four) '''home supply centers'''. These spaces are the starting point for their owning power's initial forces. The players can then build new units at these home supply centers as they capture further supply centers. New units can only be built on a power's home supply centers. If a power loses all of its home supply centers it may continue to play; however, it may not build new units until it has recaptured at least one of its home supply centers. Three specific coastal land spaces have multiple and separate coastlines: Spain, Bulgaria, and St. Petersburg. When occupying these coastal areas, fleets are considered to be stationed at one coast or the other, and cannot travel "through" a land space to get to the sea space off its opposite coast. They are readily identifiable by their specific coast names; for instance, Spain is marked with NC (North Coast) and SC (South Coast). Other specific land spaces do allow fleets to travel through them from a sea space on one side to a sea space on the other. These land spaces are identified by the channel of water that goes through them. For example, a fleet could move from the Aegean Sea through Constantinople to the Black Sea in two moves, as long as those spaces were unoccupied. ==Units== In Diplomacy, there are two types of units: <b>Armies</b> and <b>Fleets</b>. An army can travel in land spaces and coastal land spaces, and a fleet can travel in sea spaces and coastal land spaces. Although all of the supply centers are on land, only seven supply centers are completely landlocked. Fleets are important to convoy armies across water, support coastal battles, create a blockade on sea spaces so that other fleets cannot expand, etc. Some countries can live without fleets since they are nearly landlocked geographically. Such countries include Russia, Germany, and especially Austria. On the other hand, English fleets are absolutely necessary since without them England cannot convoy armies to the mainland. DESTROYED All units in Diplomacy move only one space at a time and only one unit may occupy any space at any time. The exception to this rule comes in the form of a successful convoy, where a convoyed army may travel multiple spaces depending on the length of the chain created by the convoying fleets. A convoyed army must embark from a coastal land province and land at a coastal land province. TADAAAAAAA ==Game Phases== Gameplay begins in the year 1901, and there are two '''moves''' or '''Movement Phases''' per year, one in '''Spring''', and one in '''Fall'''. * Before each move, <b>orders</b> for all of a player's units are written in secret and submitted to the '''arbitrator''', who then makes all necessary adjustments to the board/map. * If a unit is dislodged as a result of the move (overpowered by other players), the player must submit '''Retreat Phase''' orders that the unit either be '''retreated''' to an unoccupied adjacent province or else '''disbanded''' and removed from play. ** A unit may not retreat to the province from where the dislodging unit came or to an "embattled" province, meaning one left vacant by a bounce/standoff that turn. ** If a unit has no legal retreats, or it attempts to retreat to the same province as another retreating unit, it is disbanded. * After the '''Fall''' move and the subsequent '''Retreat Phase''', and before the next year begins, a tally is made of the total number of supply centers controlled by each Power. A Power controls a supply center if: ** 1) it has a unit (army or fleet) occupying the province with that supply center or ** 2) the province with the supply center is unoccupied and the Power was the last to occupy that province at the end of a year. * Each supply center can support one military unit, so Powers that have gained supply centers over the course of the year can build '''new units'''. New units may be created at any of the player's unoccupied home supply centers, but only at these centers, and at most one unit per center. For this reason, no more than 3 new units per player can ever be created at a time (except in the case of Russia, which has 4 home supply centers). *Supply centers only change ownership if they're occupied at the end of Fall; they do not change ownership if a unit moves through them during the Spring, but leaves again in Fall. * On the other hand, if a Power has more units than supply centers at the end of the year, then it must '''disband''' units of its choice until it has equal numbers of units and supply centers. * Powers may not choose to disband below the number of supply centers in their possession, for this would allow players to replace units in the field with new units back home instantaneously. For instance, a player who has more armies than necessary and wants a fleet in order to capture a far-away supply center cannot simply disband an army and build a new fleet on a home supply center. (See "Movement" below). ==Orders and the Movement Phase== There are four basic orders in Diplomacy: '''Hold''', '''Attack''', '''Support''', and '''Convoy'''. At each Movement Phase, players may order each unit either to '''hold''' its position, to '''attack''' (or move to) another province, or to '''support''' another unit (either to hold its position or to attack a province). Fleets may also be ordered to '''convoy''' armies across bodies of water to coastal provinces. ===Hold=== This is the default for all units (what they will do if not given any other orders). The unit will stay in its position, and will not move, support, convoy, or do anything. Holding units can be supported by units in neighboring provinces or be attacked by foreign units. If the attacking unit has more units supporting it than the holding unit, the holding unit is ousted from that province and must either retreat or disband (see above). A hold order is written as follows: Army/Fleet (Province that the unit is in) holds. '''Example:''' Italy: ''Army Rome holds.'' ===Attack/Move=== This order moves the unit in one province to an adjacent province. Of course, armies cannot move into sea provinces, and fleets cannot move into landlocked provinces. A unit may not move into a province held by another unit unless it has '''support'''. As units may be supported either in attacking a province or in holding a province, ''the attacking unit must have more support than the defending unit if the attack is to be successful''. If the attack is not successful, the attacking unit does not move anywhere. Two units may not swap provinces, unless there is a '''convoy''' involved. A move order is written as follows: Army/Fleet (Province that the unit is in) to (destination province). '''Examples:''' ;Italy ''Army Rome to Venice'' ;France ''Fleet Brest to English Channel'' When the destination province is occupied by another unit, for instance: ;Austria-Hungary ''Fleet Trieste holds'' ;Italy ''Army Venice to Trieste'' Army Venice and Fleet Trieste do not move, unless either are attacked or defended by stronger support. When two units with equal support try to move into the same destination province, for instance: ;Germany ''Army Munich to Tyrolia'' ;Italy ''Army Venice to Tyrolia'' Neither of the two units can go into Tyrolia. Army Venice will stay in Venice, and Army Munich will stay in Munich. Again, this is assuming that these two units are the only two units in this little battle, and that they have equal support for their moves. ===Support=== Support is the trickiest aspect of the rules, and the most important of the game. Support may involve cooperation between two (or more) powers, and is the only way to make forward progress through enemy territory (unless you can convince the enemy to let you in). Simply put, ''more support defeats less support''. The support order is given in reference to another unit's move. That other unit's move must be to a province into which the supporting unit could otherwise move. Support may also be given to a unit holding its position. In addition, units giving support can themselves be supported in their holding position. Support is a unit's sole action for a given move, and supporting units remain where they are (unless they are attacked by greater support and have to retreat or disband during the retreat phase). A country cannot dislodge or support the dislodgement of one of its own units, although if same country's units attempt to move into the same province with equal support, neither will succeed as normal. '''Cutting Support:''' If the supporting unit is attacked during the turn by some other unit, its support is cut. In effect, the support order becomes a hold order, as the unit must defend its province against the attack. Note that a unit occupying the province into which the support is directed cannot cut support, unless its attack successfully dislodges the supporting unit. An attack by a country on one of its own units also doesn't cut support. Support orders are written thus:<br> Army/Fleet (Space that the supporting unit is in) supports Army/Fleet (Space that the supported unit is in) to (destination of supported unit) <br> '''or''' <br> Army/Fleet (Space that the supporting unit is in) supports Army/Fleet (Space that the supported unit is holding) '''Example:''' NB: Below are complete orders as submitted by all 7 Powers for the Fall 1907 campaign season of a made-up game to help you understand the intricacies of supporting and breaking support. Having a game map to look on with is highly recommended; the one provided at the top of this page is adequate. We'll start with: ;'''--Germany--''' * ''Army Ruhr to Holland <br>'' * ''Fleet Kiel supports Army Ruhr to Holland''<br> * ''Army Munich supports Army Ruhr to Holland'' Note that in this case the order for Munich to support Ruhr into Holland would not work because Munich does not border Holland and thus cannot support Ruhr in (Munich could, however, support Ruhr if Ruhr were simply holding). The rule for supporting an attack is that a supporting unit must border the province being attacked, but need not border the attacker's province of origin (to support a unit to hold, however, the supporting unit must border the supported unit). Essentially, ''the supporting unit must border the destination of the supported unit, whether it is its own province or a new province entirely''. In sum, Ruhr is actually attacking Holland with the support of only one unit (Fleet Kiel). * ''Army Prussia supports Army Silesia''<br> * ''Army Silesia supports Army Prussia''<br> Here, Army Prussia is supported by one unit, and Army Silesia is supported by one unit. The last two moves are legal, and this method of double-support is helpful when there are two units that both could be attacked and dislodged. Of course, if both units are attacked, the support fails. ;'''--England--''' * ''Army London to Holland''<br> * ''Fleet North Sea convoys Army London to Holland'' ('''<-- a convoy''')<br> * ''Fleet Heligoland Bight supports Army London to Holland''<br> Note that the convoying fleet is not considered to be giving support, so Army London actually has support from only one unit: Fleet Heligoland-Bight. * ''Army Denmark to Kiel''<br> Here England interferes with Germany's plans (see Germany, above) by attacking Kiel with Army Denmark. This cuts the support of Fleet Kiel to Army Ruhr, thereby leaving Army Ruhr's attack on Holland unsupported. Army London, on the other hand, (see above) is supported in its attack on Holland by one unit (Fleet Heligoland-Bight), thereby enabling Army London to be convoyed successfully into Holland, as long as Fleet North Sea is not dislodged during the convoy. * ''Army Picardy to Brest''<br> * ''Fleet Mid-Atlantic Ocean supports Army Picardy to Brest''<br> * ''Fleet English Channel supports Army Picardy to Brest''<br> Here Army Picardy is supported by both Fleet Mid-Atlantic Ocean and Fleet English Channel to move into Brest. Unless the French successfully defend it, England will also take Brest. '''--France--''' * ''Fleet Gascony to Mid-Atlantic Ocean''<br> * ''Fleet Irish Sea to English Channel''<br> Fleet Gascony and Fleet Irish Sea cut the support by Fleet Mid-Atlantic Ocean and Fleet English Channel for England's Army Picardy (see England, above). Therefore, Army Picardy is now attacking Brest unsupported. * ''Fleet Brest holds''<br> * ''Army Paris supports Fleet Brest''<br> Army Paris supports Fleet Brest, and so Army Picardy’s now unsupported attempt to move into Brest fails. * ''Army Burgundy to Ruhr''<br> Army Burgundy does not successfully move into Ruhr because Army Ruhr’s move to Holland failed (see Germany and England, above). '''--Russia--''' ''Fleet Sevastopol holds''<br> ''Army Moscow supports Fleet Sevastopol''<br> Fleet Sevastopol is supported by Army Moscow. ''Fleet St. Petersburg (North Coast) to Norway''<br> ''Army Finland supports Fleet St. Petersburg (North Coast) to Norway''<br> Norway is not occupied, so Russia takes it immediately. ''Army Livonia to Prussia''<br> Unsupported Army Livonia attempts to move into Prussia, but since Army Prussia is supported by Army Silesia (see Germany, above), the attack is not successful. '''--Austria-Hungary--''' ''Army Ukraine supports Fleet Sevastopol''<br> Army Ukraine supports Fleet Sevastopol, so there are now two units supporting (see Russia, above). In fact, international support is necessary in alliances, whether supporting each other in defence or to attack another Power. ''Fleet Trieste holds''<br> ''Army Budapest supports Fleet Trieste''<br> ''Army Vienna supports Fleet Trieste''<br> There are two units supporting Fleet Trieste: Army Budapest and Army Vienna. '''--Turkey--''' ''Army Galicia to Ukraine''<br> Army Galicia cuts the Austrian support to Sevastopol, thereby decreasing the support to Sevastopol by one unit (see Austria and Russia, above). ''Fleet Black Sea to Sevastopol''<br> ''Army Armenia supports Fleet Black Sea to Sevastopol''<br> ''Army Rumania supports Fleet Black Sea to Sevastopol''<br> Now, since Fleet Black Sea is supported by two units into Sevastopol, Fleet Black Sea moves into Sevastopol, and Fleet Sevastopol has to be disbanded or retreat. A retreating fleet that is displaced by another force can only retreat into a movable space (i.e. a sea or coastal province that is vacant) which may not be the same space that was previously occupied by the displacing unit. Since Fleet Sevastopol has nowhere to retreat, it disbands automatically. '''--Italy--''' ''Army Apulia to Trieste''<br> ''Fleet Adriatic Sea convoys Army Apulia to Trieste''<br> ''Army Venezia supports Army Apulia to Trieste''<br> ''Fleet Albania supports Army Apulia to Trieste''<br> There are two units supporting Army Apulia into Trieste, but since Fleet Trieste is supported by two units (see Austria-Hungary, above), the attack bounces. Finally note that the orders for both the army being convoyed and the fleet doing the convoying must use the proper protocol and fully identify the units involved in the convoy. This is a complex manoeuver and becomes more complex if it involves units controlled by more than one power. ===Convoy=== This move is used to transfer army units across sea spaces, or to move large distances in one move. Only armies may be convoyed, and only fleets may convoy. Let us say, for instance, that in Fall 1901 England has the following position: <br>Army Yorkshire <br>Fleet North Sea <br>Fleet English Channel A convoy order would be: '''--England--'''<br> ''Army Yorkshire to Norway''<br> ''Fleet North Sea convoys Army Yorkshire to Norway'' Army Yorkshire will move to Norway, unless another unit should prevent this process by dislodging or destroying the convoying fleet. If a convoy order fails and the convoyed piece could not ordinarily move there without the convoy, the convoyed army unit holds. The unit being convoyed can be supported into its destination space by any other units that border the destination space, just like any other support. However, if the convoying fleet is dislodged, it cannot convoy the unit and the entire move will fail. Note that convoys are not "broken" as easily as support; a convoying fleet that is attacked ''but not dislodged'' will successfully carry out its convoy order. Convoying fleets can be supported to prevent them from being dislodged or destroyed. Convoying fleets cannot perform any other order. A fleet on a coastal space may not convoy. If an army can arrive to its destination either by land or convoy, convoy is used if at least one of the convoying fleets belongs to the army's owner, or if army's owner specified "via convoy" on the army's move order; otherwise, land route is used. If several fleets are convoying an army so that it can take multiple routes to its destination, convoy succeeds as long as at least one convoy route remains open. ===Abbreviation of Orders=== Most orders are not written out as lengthily as they are in our examples. For instance, here is a set of Russia's moves written in an abbreviated form: A Mos H<br> A War-Gal<br> A Bud S A War-Gal<br> A Sev-Ank<br> F Bla C A Sev-Ank<br> Abbreviations of most provinces are written as the first three letters of the name; for instance, Bal for Baltic Sea, Lon for London, and so on. There are exceptions for the provinces whose names begin with "Nor", as there are several; many use the following: Nth for the North Sea, NAt or NAO for the North Atlantic Ocean, NAf for North Africa, Nwg for the Norwegian Sea, Nwy for Norway. Additionally, the Tyrrhenian Sea is abbreviated as TyS or Tyh to avoid conflict with Tyrolia (Tyr). {{BookCat}} ixt569m1ulj7ge0nl7rmm68llpjgkli 4442379 4442378 2024-10-24T16:17:27Z A09 3319629 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/199.216.105.18|199.216.105.18]] ([[User talk:199.216.105.18|talk]]) to last version by Kittycataclysm 4382274 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diplomacy.svg|thumb|300px|''Diplomacy'' game board, showing regions and boundaries. The "supply centers" are visible in the large version.]] ==Object of the game== The object of the game is to use your armies and fleets to conquer as much of Europe as you can. Specifically, you must ''capture and be in possession of at least 18 of the 34 nations or provinces on the map that contain supply centres'' - i.e. a simple majority - at the end of a year. Quite often the game ends in a two-way, three-way, or even four-way <b>draw</b>. Draws are generally agreed upon by all players or are declared after a pre-set time limit has been reached with all surviving participants sharing in the win. ==The game board== The board is divided into a large number of spaces, each identified by a name (often abbreviated to three letters). There are three types of space on the board: ocean or sea spaces, land spaces, and coastal land spaces. The type of space determines which units can occupy them. 34 of the land provinces are '''supply centers'''. Possession of these supply centers allows the powers who control them to raise and maintain armies and fleets. As they are also a central part of the game's victory conditions, they are the focus of much of the game's activity. Each player is given three (save for Russia, which has four) '''home supply centers'''. These spaces are the starting point for their owning power's initial forces. The players can then build new units at these home supply centers as they capture further supply centers. New units can only be built on a power's home supply centers. If a power loses all of its home supply centers it may continue to play; however, it may not build new units until it has recaptured at least one of its home supply centers. Three specific coastal land spaces have multiple and separate coastlines: Spain, Bulgaria, and St. Petersburg. When occupying these coastal areas, fleets are considered to be stationed at one coast or the other, and cannot travel "through" a land space to get to the sea space off its opposite coast. They are readily identifiable by their specific coast names; for instance, Spain is marked with NC (North Coast) and SC (South Coast). Other specific land spaces do allow fleets to travel through them from a sea space on one side to a sea space on the other. These land spaces are identified by the channel of water that goes through them. For example, a fleet could move from the Aegean Sea through Constantinople to the Black Sea in two moves, as long as those spaces were unoccupied. ==Units== In Diplomacy, there are two types of units: <b>Armies</b> and <b>Fleets</b>. An army can travel in land spaces and coastal land spaces, and a fleet can travel in sea spaces and coastal land spaces. Although all of the supply centers are on land, only seven supply centers are completely landlocked. Fleets are important to convoy armies across water, support coastal battles, create a blockade on sea spaces so that other fleets cannot expand, etc. Some countries can live without fleets since they are nearly landlocked geographically. Such countries include Russia, Germany, and especially Austria. On the other hand, English fleets are absolutely necessary since without them England cannot convoy armies to the mainland. All units in Diplomacy move only one space at a time and only one unit may occupy any space at any time. The exception to this rule comes in the form of a successful convoy, where a convoyed army may travel multiple spaces depending on the length of the chain created by the convoying fleets. A convoyed army must embark from a coastal land province and land at a coastal land province. ==Game Phases== Gameplay begins in the year 1901, and there are two '''moves''' or '''Movement Phases''' per year, one in '''Spring''', and one in '''Fall'''. * Before each move, <b>orders</b> for all of a player's units are written in secret and submitted to the '''arbitrator''', who then makes all necessary adjustments to the board/map. * If a unit is dislodged as a result of the move (overpowered by other players), the player must submit '''Retreat Phase''' orders that the unit either be '''retreated''' to an unoccupied adjacent province or else '''disbanded''' and removed from play. ** A unit may not retreat to the province from where the dislodging unit came or to an "embattled" province, meaning one left vacant by a bounce/standoff that turn. ** If a unit has no legal retreats, or it attempts to retreat to the same province as another retreating unit, it is disbanded. * After the '''Fall''' move and the subsequent '''Retreat Phase''', and before the next year begins, a tally is made of the total number of supply centers controlled by each Power. A Power controls a supply center if: ** 1) it has a unit (army or fleet) occupying the province with that supply center or ** 2) the province with the supply center is unoccupied and the Power was the last to occupy that province at the end of a year. * Each supply center can support one military unit, so Powers that have gained supply centers over the course of the year can build '''new units'''. New units may be created at any of the player's unoccupied home supply centers, but only at these centers, and at most one unit per center. For this reason, no more than 3 new units per player can ever be created at a time (except in the case of Russia, which has 4 home supply centers). *Supply centers only change ownership if they're occupied at the end of Fall; they do not change ownership if a unit moves through them during the Spring, but leaves again in Fall. * On the other hand, if a Power has more units than supply centers at the end of the year, then it must '''disband''' units of its choice until it has equal numbers of units and supply centers. * Powers may not choose to disband below the number of supply centers in their possession, for this would allow players to replace units in the field with new units back home instantaneously. For instance, a player who has more armies than necessary and wants a fleet in order to capture a far-away supply center cannot simply disband an army and build a new fleet on a home supply center. (See "Movement" below). ==Orders and the Movement Phase== There are four basic orders in Diplomacy: '''Hold''', '''Attack''', '''Support''', and '''Convoy'''. At each Movement Phase, players may order each unit either to '''hold''' its position, to '''attack''' (or move to) another province, or to '''support''' another unit (either to hold its position or to attack a province). Fleets may also be ordered to '''convoy''' armies across bodies of water to coastal provinces. ===Hold=== This is the default for all units (what they will do if not given any other orders). The unit will stay in its position, and will not move, support, convoy, or do anything. Holding units can be supported by units in neighboring provinces or be attacked by foreign units. If the attacking unit has more units supporting it than the holding unit, the holding unit is ousted from that province and must either retreat or disband (see above). A hold order is written as follows: Army/Fleet (Province that the unit is in) holds. '''Example:''' Italy: ''Army Rome holds.'' ===Attack/Move=== This order moves the unit in one province to an adjacent province. Of course, armies cannot move into sea provinces, and fleets cannot move into landlocked provinces. A unit may not move into a province held by another unit unless it has '''support'''. As units may be supported either in attacking a province or in holding a province, ''the attacking unit must have more support than the defending unit if the attack is to be successful''. If the attack is not successful, the attacking unit does not move anywhere. Two units may not swap provinces, unless there is a '''convoy''' involved. A move order is written as follows: Army/Fleet (Province that the unit is in) to (destination province). '''Examples:''' ;Italy ''Army Rome to Venice'' ;France ''Fleet Brest to English Channel'' When the destination province is occupied by another unit, for instance: ;Austria-Hungary ''Fleet Trieste holds'' ;Italy ''Army Venice to Trieste'' Army Venice and Fleet Trieste do not move, unless either are attacked or defended by stronger support. When two units with equal support try to move into the same destination province, for instance: ;Germany ''Army Munich to Tyrolia'' ;Italy ''Army Venice to Tyrolia'' Neither of the two units can go into Tyrolia. Army Venice will stay in Venice, and Army Munich will stay in Munich. Again, this is assuming that these two units are the only two units in this little battle, and that they have equal support for their moves. ===Support=== Support is the trickiest aspect of the rules, and the most important of the game. Support may involve cooperation between two (or more) powers, and is the only way to make forward progress through enemy territory (unless you can convince the enemy to let you in). Simply put, ''more support defeats less support''. The support order is given in reference to another unit's move. That other unit's move must be to a province into which the supporting unit could otherwise move. Support may also be given to a unit holding its position. In addition, units giving support can themselves be supported in their holding position. Support is a unit's sole action for a given move, and supporting units remain where they are (unless they are attacked by greater support and have to retreat or disband during the retreat phase). A country cannot dislodge or support the dislodgement of one of its own units, although if same country's units attempt to move into the same province with equal support, neither will succeed as normal. '''Cutting Support:''' If the supporting unit is attacked during the turn by some other unit, its support is cut. In effect, the support order becomes a hold order, as the unit must defend its province against the attack. Note that a unit occupying the province into which the support is directed cannot cut support, unless its attack successfully dislodges the supporting unit. An attack by a country on one of its own units also doesn't cut support. Support orders are written thus:<br> Army/Fleet (Space that the supporting unit is in) supports Army/Fleet (Space that the supported unit is in) to (destination of supported unit) <br> '''or''' <br> Army/Fleet (Space that the supporting unit is in) supports Army/Fleet (Space that the supported unit is holding) '''Example:''' NB: Below are complete orders as submitted by all 7 Powers for the Fall 1907 campaign season of a made-up game to help you understand the intricacies of supporting and breaking support. Having a game map to look on with is highly recommended; the one provided at the top of this page is adequate. We'll start with: ;'''--Germany--''' * ''Army Ruhr to Holland <br>'' * ''Fleet Kiel supports Army Ruhr to Holland''<br> * ''Army Munich supports Army Ruhr to Holland'' Note that in this case the order for Munich to support Ruhr into Holland would not work because Munich does not border Holland and thus cannot support Ruhr in (Munich could, however, support Ruhr if Ruhr were simply holding). The rule for supporting an attack is that a supporting unit must border the province being attacked, but need not border the attacker's province of origin (to support a unit to hold, however, the supporting unit must border the supported unit). Essentially, ''the supporting unit must border the destination of the supported unit, whether it is its own province or a new province entirely''. In sum, Ruhr is actually attacking Holland with the support of only one unit (Fleet Kiel). * ''Army Prussia supports Army Silesia''<br> * ''Army Silesia supports Army Prussia''<br> Here, Army Prussia is supported by one unit, and Army Silesia is supported by one unit. The last two moves are legal, and this method of double-support is helpful when there are two units that both could be attacked and dislodged. Of course, if both units are attacked, the support fails. ;'''--England--''' * ''Army London to Holland''<br> * ''Fleet North Sea convoys Army London to Holland'' ('''<-- a convoy''')<br> * ''Fleet Heligoland Bight supports Army London to Holland''<br> Note that the convoying fleet is not considered to be giving support, so Army London actually has support from only one unit: Fleet Heligoland-Bight. * ''Army Denmark to Kiel''<br> Here England interferes with Germany's plans (see Germany, above) by attacking Kiel with Army Denmark. This cuts the support of Fleet Kiel to Army Ruhr, thereby leaving Army Ruhr's attack on Holland unsupported. Army London, on the other hand, (see above) is supported in its attack on Holland by one unit (Fleet Heligoland-Bight), thereby enabling Army London to be convoyed successfully into Holland, as long as Fleet North Sea is not dislodged during the convoy. * ''Army Picardy to Brest''<br> * ''Fleet Mid-Atlantic Ocean supports Army Picardy to Brest''<br> * ''Fleet English Channel supports Army Picardy to Brest''<br> Here Army Picardy is supported by both Fleet Mid-Atlantic Ocean and Fleet English Channel to move into Brest. Unless the French successfully defend it, England will also take Brest. '''--France--''' * ''Fleet Gascony to Mid-Atlantic Ocean''<br> * ''Fleet Irish Sea to English Channel''<br> Fleet Gascony and Fleet Irish Sea cut the support by Fleet Mid-Atlantic Ocean and Fleet English Channel for England's Army Picardy (see England, above). Therefore, Army Picardy is now attacking Brest unsupported. * ''Fleet Brest holds''<br> * ''Army Paris supports Fleet Brest''<br> Army Paris supports Fleet Brest, and so Army Picardy’s now unsupported attempt to move into Brest fails. * ''Army Burgundy to Ruhr''<br> Army Burgundy does not successfully move into Ruhr because Army Ruhr’s move to Holland failed (see Germany and England, above). '''--Russia--''' ''Fleet Sevastopol holds''<br> ''Army Moscow supports Fleet Sevastopol''<br> Fleet Sevastopol is supported by Army Moscow. ''Fleet St. Petersburg (North Coast) to Norway''<br> ''Army Finland supports Fleet St. Petersburg (North Coast) to Norway''<br> Norway is not occupied, so Russia takes it immediately. ''Army Livonia to Prussia''<br> Unsupported Army Livonia attempts to move into Prussia, but since Army Prussia is supported by Army Silesia (see Germany, above), the attack is not successful. '''--Austria-Hungary--''' ''Army Ukraine supports Fleet Sevastopol''<br> Army Ukraine supports Fleet Sevastopol, so there are now two units supporting (see Russia, above). In fact, international support is necessary in alliances, whether supporting each other in defence or to attack another Power. ''Fleet Trieste holds''<br> ''Army Budapest supports Fleet Trieste''<br> ''Army Vienna supports Fleet Trieste''<br> There are two units supporting Fleet Trieste: Army Budapest and Army Vienna. '''--Turkey--''' ''Army Galicia to Ukraine''<br> Army Galicia cuts the Austrian support to Sevastopol, thereby decreasing the support to Sevastopol by one unit (see Austria and Russia, above). ''Fleet Black Sea to Sevastopol''<br> ''Army Armenia supports Fleet Black Sea to Sevastopol''<br> ''Army Rumania supports Fleet Black Sea to Sevastopol''<br> Now, since Fleet Black Sea is supported by two units into Sevastopol, Fleet Black Sea moves into Sevastopol, and Fleet Sevastopol has to be disbanded or retreat. A retreating fleet that is displaced by another force can only retreat into a movable space (i.e. a sea or coastal province that is vacant) which may not be the same space that was previously occupied by the displacing unit. Since Fleet Sevastopol has nowhere to retreat, it disbands automatically. '''--Italy--''' ''Army Apulia to Trieste''<br> ''Fleet Adriatic Sea convoys Army Apulia to Trieste''<br> ''Army Venezia supports Army Apulia to Trieste''<br> ''Fleet Albania supports Army Apulia to Trieste''<br> There are two units supporting Army Apulia into Trieste, but since Fleet Trieste is supported by two units (see Austria-Hungary, above), the attack bounces. Finally note that the orders for both the army being convoyed and the fleet doing the convoying must use the proper protocol and fully identify the units involved in the convoy. This is a complex manoeuver and becomes more complex if it involves units controlled by more than one power. ===Convoy=== This move is used to transfer army units across sea spaces, or to move large distances in one move. Only armies may be convoyed, and only fleets may convoy. Let us say, for instance, that in Fall 1901 England has the following position: <br>Army Yorkshire <br>Fleet North Sea <br>Fleet English Channel A convoy order would be: '''--England--'''<br> ''Army Yorkshire to Norway''<br> ''Fleet North Sea convoys Army Yorkshire to Norway'' Army Yorkshire will move to Norway, unless another unit should prevent this process by dislodging or destroying the convoying fleet. If a convoy order fails and the convoyed piece could not ordinarily move there without the convoy, the convoyed army unit holds. The unit being convoyed can be supported into its destination space by any other units that border the destination space, just like any other support. However, if the convoying fleet is dislodged, it cannot convoy the unit and the entire move will fail. Note that convoys are not "broken" as easily as support; a convoying fleet that is attacked ''but not dislodged'' will successfully carry out its convoy order. Convoying fleets can be supported to prevent them from being dislodged or destroyed. Convoying fleets cannot perform any other order. A fleet on a coastal space may not convoy. If an army can arrive to its destination either by land or convoy, convoy is used if at least one of the convoying fleets belongs to the army's owner, or if army's owner specified "via convoy" on the army's move order; otherwise, land route is used. If several fleets are convoying an army so that it can take multiple routes to its destination, convoy succeeds as long as at least one convoy route remains open. ===Abbreviation of Orders=== Most orders are not written out as lengthily as they are in our examples. For instance, here is a set of Russia's moves written in an abbreviated form: A Mos H<br> A War-Gal<br> A Bud S A War-Gal<br> A Sev-Ank<br> F Bla C A Sev-Ank<br> Abbreviations of most provinces are written as the first three letters of the name; for instance, Bal for Baltic Sea, Lon for London, and so on. There are exceptions for the provinces whose names begin with "Nor", as there are several; many use the following: Nth for the North Sea, NAt or NAO for the North Atlantic Ocean, NAf for North Africa, Nwg for the Norwegian Sea, Nwy for Norway. Additionally, the Tyrrhenian Sea is abbreviated as TyS or Tyh to avoid conflict with Tyrolia (Tyr). {{BookCat}} 2h7l4ph2svni3ipm5jxvci4513hm9aq Wikijunior:Bugs/Spider 110 106228 4442402 4214654 2024-10-24T21:49:55Z 219.88.226.213 Changed the long Reproduction title and subsection (which appeared to mistakenly have a paragraph inside of it). 4442402 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Jumping_spider_nagerhole.jpg|thumb|right|Jumping Spiders actively hunt, and as their name suggests they jump on top of their prey when they attack.]] ==Description == Spiders are members of a group of animals without backbones, called the Arthropods, meaning “joint legged.” They are not insects. They belong to the Class Arachnida, along with the tick, dust mite, and scorpion. Spiders never have antennae or wings. Their eight legs have seven segments each. The tip of each leg usually has two or three claws and many bristles or hairs. Spiders do not have an internal skeleton or backbone. They instead have an external skeleton, called an exoskeleton. It is tough and fairly rigid like a suit of armour. It is flexible for ease of movement. Muscles are attached to the inside. The exoskeleton supports and protects a spider’s soft delicate internal organs. The head and thorax are combined to form the cephalothorax. Sometimes there are spikes, lumps, or odd shapes on it. There is a narrow pedicel (waist) connecting the cephalothorax to the abdomen. When viewed from above a tough covering or shield called a carapace can be seen. At the front of the head are chelicerae (jaws). There are sharp teeth and fangs to pierce the exoskeleton of a spider’s prey. Each fang has a tiny hole connected to poison sacs. The fangs move on hinges and inject poison when the spider bites. Scientists use the number and arrangement of a spider’s eyes to identify its family. There is normally a group of six to twelve simple eyes. One pair of eyes forms an image, while the surrounding eyes detect movement. The silk with which a spider builds webs comes from a special organ in the abdomen called a spinneret. Most spiders have three or four pairs of spinnerets to deliver liquid silk to the outside. People often confuse spiders with their eight-legged relations called harvestmen which look similar but have a different body arrangement. Unlike spiders, harvestmen have a body with head, thorax and abdomen fused into a single structure. Spiders range in size from very small to relatively large. The small Branch Tipped Spider is only 1/16 of an inch long. The Orb-Weaver Spider is 3/8 of an inch long. The large Black and Yellow Argiope is 1-1/8 inches long. Tarantulas are large hairy spiders. They can be 1-3/8 inches or more in length. Female Cobalt Blue Tarantulas can be 2-3/4 inches long. Brown Recluse Spiders have a leg span about the size of a quarter. Their body is about 3/8 of an inch in length and about 3/16 of an inch in width. Females can be 2 to 7 inches. They are commonly referred to as "fiddleback" or "violin" spiders because of a violin-shaped marking on the back. Often, this feature is very faint depending on the species and on how recently it has molted. Their color ranges from light tan to dark brown. They are covered with many fine hairs that give them a velvety appearance. They have long, thin, brown legs also covered with fine hairs. Brown Recluse Spiders have six eyes instead of the usual eight. ==Habitat == Spiders are familiar predators found in nearly every habitat. Some species live in damp marshes and some live in dry deserts. Spiders that do not spin webs live in silk-lined burrows, while others have no permanent safe place. Some spiders live part of their lives on the surface of freshwater ponds and lakes. A few dive below the surface where they can survive for short periods of time. Spiders that live along the coastline are able to tolerate immersion in salt water when the tide is in. Only true water spiders, ''Argyroneta'', are able to live completely under water. Water Spiders build their homes underwater, spinning silken tents that they fill with bubbles of air. They are found throughout temperate Asia and Europe, including Great Britain and Ireland. They live in lakes, ponds, and ditches. American House Spiders live in sheltered corners of houses, barns and other buildings. Their range is throughout the United States and Canada. Brown Recluse Spiders are native to the United States. They are found mainly in the central Midwestern states southward to the Gulf of Mexico. Occasionally they are transported in materials and may be found outside this area. In favorable habitats, their populations are usually dense. Brown Recluse Spiders seek and prefer seclusion. They usually occupy dark, undisturbed sites indoors or outdoors. Indoors, they may be found in attics and basements. They may seek shelter in shoes, folded linens, and behind furniture. Outdoors, brown recluse spiders may be found beneath logs and under loose stones in piles of rocks. Southern Black Widows live among fallen branches and under many kinds of objects, including furniture and trash. Their range is from Massachusetts to Florida, west to California, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. They are most common in the south. Tarantulas are nocturnal and hide in dark cavities or burrows during the day. They come out to hunt by touch when it gets dark. They are sometimes called banana spiders, because tropical species arrive in cargoes of fruit. There are about 30 species in the United States. ==Diet == All spiders feed almost entirely upon prey that they catch for themselves. A few species eat food which has been taken by other spiders. They usually eat other arthropods, mainly insects, woodlice and centipedes. One family feeds exclusively on other spiders. Very large species, such as the “bird-eating” spiders, are able to consume small animals. Orb Weaver Spiders coat some of their silk with droplets of sticky liquid to catch prey. Other species create a bewildering maze of dry silk threads where insects get lost. Water Spiders anchor their nests to water plants. During the day, they sit in the nest with their front legs in the water, waiting. When a water insect passes by, it is quickly pounced on, killed, and drawn into the nest. When they venture out of their nest to hunt, Water Spiders carry an air bubble on the abdomen to breathe from. Their genus name is ''Argyros'', from the Greek for “silver” because the air bubble shines with a silvery hue through the water. Some spider species stalk and ambush their victims on the ground. Most spin webs to catch prey in the air. Intricate spider webs can be seen between plants, branches, or buildings. There are many different web shapes, weaving patterns, and web locations. Each spider species spins only one kind of web. Scientists often identify a species by its distinctive web. American House Spiders spin irregular webs made of sticky strands. Their webs catch dust as well as prey and are known as “cob webs”. Southern Black Widows spin irregular meshed webs with a funnel-shape to hide in. Most species of Tarantulas line the top of their burrows with silk, but do not spin webs to catch prey. They prey on insects, lizards, and other small animals. Brown Recluse Spiders are largely scavengers, preferring dead insects and meat. ==Defense == Most species have poor vision and feel movement through body hairs or slits in the exoskeleton. Brown Recluse Spiders are not aggressive, and normally bite only when crushed, touched or disturbed. There are reports of people having been bitten in bed after rolling over onto one of these spiders. Others have been bitten after accidentally touching one while cleaning storage area. Southern Black Widows are the most feared of all spiders. Female Black Widow venom is very poisonous to people. Despite their reputation, they often escape rather than stab, unless they are guarding an egg. Males do not bite. Some spiders defend themselves in strange ways indeed. ... Orb spiders make body doubles of themselves out of dead bugs and silk to defend themselves from predators while in their webs. The green lynx spider can spit venom up to a foot away, so you don't have to even come in contact with it to become a victim. ==Reproduction == Spiders undergo simple metamorphosis with only three main growth stages, egg, spiderling, adult. The pupal stage is omitted and the young spiderlings often look like small versions of adults. Because the exoskeleton cannot stretch, spiders can grow only by shedding or molting the exoskeleton several times. Most spiders lay eggs in silken sacs. Egg sacs may be placed in the web or attached to twigs or leaves. Some species carry the sac around until the eggs hatch. Young spiderlings are often cannibalistic, eating their own kind. Female American House Spiders spin pear-shaped brownish silken cocoons around the egg mass and hang it in a web. Female tarantulas continue to molt after reaching maturity and may live to twenty years. ==Special behavior == Some spiders have up to six types of silk glands to make silk for different uses. They use silk to catch and bind prey, to build webs and cocoons, and to spin draglines. Many spiders pull a dragline when walking. It serves as a life line for jumping clear of danger. Dragline silk is twice as elastic as nylon. All young spiders release long silken strands, which they use like a parachute to ride the wind from one place to another. This process is called parachuting. Spiders save their prey for a later meal by wrapping it in hundreds of thin threads called a swathing band. Female Southern Black Widows often eat the smaller males after mating with their leader, earning the name “widow.” When young Water Spiders hatch, they leave the nest covered with bubbles trapped by hydrophobic (water repelling) hair so they can breathe under water until they find a nesting place of their own. ==Human effects == Few spiders bite people. The venom of most is harmless. Some South American species of Tarantulas have deadly venom, but the bite of North American Tarantulas is no more dangerous to people than a wasp or bee sting. Spiders are part of folklore and legend in many parts of the world. They are considered beneficial to humans because they help keep insect populations in check. They help to balance nature in general. ==References== Shea, G., & Bickel D. (Eds.). (2004). ''Encyclopedia of Discovery, Reptiles and Insects.'' San Francisco, CA: Fog City Press. Milne, L., & Milne, M. (2000). ''National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders.'' New York, NY: Alfred A Knopf. Preston-Mafham, K. (1984). ''Spiders of the world.'' New York, NY: Facts on File Publications. ''Ohio State University Fact Sheet'' http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2061.html ''Understanding science and nature. Insects and spiders.'' (1993). Alexandria, VA: Time-Life. {{BookCat}} fwzkhlv8twh187vmzyz13rt1c928rob Photography Equipment/What should I get? 0 147825 4442445 4441880 2024-10-25T08:29:23Z 3LM6wjuS 3484941 Removed paragraph from “compact digitals”, as it was referencing the “Micro Four Thirds” system, which is a specific recommendation and false, since the MFT system was never intended for the “compact digital” market, as they have regular sized bodies and lenses. Also fixed a spelling mistake in “Sensor Size”. 4442445 wikitext text/x-wiki =It depends.= The numerous options available today can be overwhelming, furthermore, entire publications dedicate themselves to talking about the necessity of the latest camera gear. However, digital cameras starting from 2012 and lenses from at least 1893 are able to produce top-quality results, that easily find themselves on large posters, magazine front covers and much more. Knowing what to buy and what will serve you well, will protect you from overspending. If you're seriously interested in photography and just starting out, you are generally best served with a camera with an interchangeable lens. In photography, the lens is the most important factor for technical image quality, the camera is secondary. Furthermore, optics have had minor developments for more than 100 years, so you have a massive catalogue of affordable, high-quality optics, even more so in the used market. As for the camera itself, it should be“[[wikipedia:Raw_image_format|RAW]] capable”, that '''is the most important aspect''' '''of the camera body.''' “[[wikipedia:Raw_image_format|RAW]] capable” means that the camera can output the unaltered sensor data to a storage medium, this will open an entire world of new creative possibilities for you and can even save shots you thought you missed. ==In more detail:== === Compact Digitals === These are for casual photographers: "point & shoot" If you do not want to dedicate much time or money, want a camera that fits in a pocket or purse, and just want to easily take photos to view on computers or small prints, compact digitals are ideal, and the choice of 100 million people per year. Conversely, they are generally of lower quality than more advanced cameras, their automatic operation takes control of the image away from the photographer and they lack interchangeable lenses, although, they retract the lenses into the body, which gives them a tiny foot print, more akin to a phone, rather than a camera. === 35mm Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) and Mirrorless cameras === The ideal choice for hobbyists and professionals alike. 35mm cameras are suitable for all purposes, they can provide excellent quality and are reasonably portable and affordable. New cameras start from below € 500.00 and used ones are even cheaper. 35mm cameras today are all mirrorless, they show you a video of what the sensor is seeing. Therefore, exposure, compositional aides, remaining shots and much more is being presented to you as it happens in real time. Preferably, choose a mirrorless camera, as they have adapters to almost all lens mounts that were ever created and therefore have superior lens choice. Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) cameras do not have these two benefits, other than that, they are identical. Over 5 million bodies are sold per year. === Digital Medium Format (> 35 mm) === Top quality, at a high price. Digital “Medium Format” cameras are designed to achieve optimal image quality, at the expense of everything else. While nowadays most medium format cameras are as portable as 35mm cameras, they are expensive, significantly slower and strict in their workflow. They are meant to be used on high-end commercial sets or in the studio, where you have controlled lighting and actors. While the price hike from high-end 35mm to medium format is manageable, as your first, or hobby camera, they are a bad choice. That being said, they have the highest image quality of any digital camera by far. Their optics are second to none, due to sensor size, they have significantly more resolution, better tonal reproduction, higher dynamic range, superior accuracy in colour reproduction and much more. If you pursue a career in art, high-end advertising photography or scientific imaging, they are the tool of choice. === Large Format (≥ 9 x 12 cm) === Unique images and unique baggage. Large Format refers to any sensory medium that is at least 9 x 12 cm large. They are specialised cameras, most of them need a tripod to be even properly used. They are heavy, bulky and the by far slowest, many of them even require their own suitcase to be transported. They are exclusive to film, as a digital large format sensor costs about € 375,000.00; needs to be cooled with liquid nitrogen and is only custom manufactured for high-end telescopes. Their benefit however, is that the position of the lens and the film cassette can be freely changed, this allows to manipulate your image in ways the other formats cannot natively do. Digital cameras can do some of their perspective correction, but that requires a high-resolution image and even then, it is only an approximation of this effect. The larger your sensor or film, the more natural the perspective of your image will be, as this is a side-effect of magnification. Spaces and objects will look more like they do to normal human vision and naturally, large format has the this effect to the strongest extent. Lastly, if loaded with the right film, they will surpass the resolution of even high-end digital medium format significantly. == Sensor size == [[File:SensorSizes.svg|thumb|Relative [[w:Image sensor format|sensor sizes]] of common formats.]] The key reason that compact digitals are disdained by serious photographers is that the sensors are small. All else equal, a bigger sensor is better – the typical compact [[w:Image sensor format|digital sensor size]] is 25 mm<sup>2</sup>, while the smallest DSLR sensors are 9 times bigger, more typically 13–15 times bigger, with the biggest DSLR sensors being over 34 times bigger. This results in a major difference in quality, but an increase in cost and size – bigger sensors are harder to make, and require bigger (and heavier) lenses. The larger sensors in DSLRs provide ''very significant'' advantages in low-light sensitivity, [[w:dynamic range|dynamic range]], and [[w:image noise|image noise]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clarkvision.com/imagedetail/digital.sensor.performance.summary/index.html|title= Digital Camera Sensor Performance Summary|author=R. N. Clark|publisher=ClarkVision.com|date=2008-12-26}}</ref> Sensors have a “crop factor”, which derives magnification, the ''lower the crop factor'', the ''larger the sensor'' and ''the less the magnification'' of said sensor; the reverse applies. This means wider lenses are needed for general use, hence the added magnification of the sensor needs to be offset by the lens. An all-rounder camera should have a '''crop factor of at most 1.5,''' smaller sensors than that will have degraded performance in all situations, adding to that is the severely limited lens choice, as you will need extremely wide lenses to accommodate the massive magnification of a small sensor. Common crop factors are: * Micro Four Thirds: 2 * APS-C: 1.5 * 35 mm: 1 * Common smaller Medium Format: 0.8 * Digital 645 Medium Format: 0.644 Focal length in a lens, which is printed on the lens tube in millimetres, together with the crop factor of the sensor, will both influence the field of view. Human vision is similar to a 42 mm lens on a Crop Factor 1 camera. If the focal length is longer than 42 mm, the more an object will be magnified; the reverse applies again. If the same 42 mm lens were mounted on an APS-C (Crop Factor: 1.5) camera, the field of view will be equal to a 63 mm lens (63 = 42 x 1.5) on a Crop Factor 1 camera. A crop factor of 1.5 is still manageable, has increased reach and can be beneficial for optical quality, as it will only use the centre of the lens, which is its best part. If you were to mount a 600 mm lens for wildlife photography on an APS-C camera, you will actually have a 900 mm lens, for sports/action/wildlife and macro photography an APS-C camera is especially beneficial. The quality between APS-C and 35mm sensors is very close. The most commonly manufactured lenses have a focal length of 50 mm and thus are very close to natural human vision. APS-C cameras will enhance the optical quality of those lenses, but they will be effectively 75 mm, which could be limiting depending on the application. A Crop factor of 2 is more akin to a compact digital camera, since the sensor will have significantly degraded performance and to get a workable field of view, extreme wide angle lenses need to be used, which is detrimental in all applications, considering that extreme wide angle lenses (< 35 mm focal length) add a high amount of extension distortion, which cannot be removed. Close objects seem closer, than they are and far object seem farther than they are. You can photograph your own face closely with your phone and see how distorted especially the nose, cheekbones and chin will be. For starting out, both 35 mm or APS-C cameras are a good choice, choosing a system depends on what you want. You can either go with the extremely flexible 35 mm sensors, or the slightly more inflexible APS-C sensors, which enhance optical quality, at the cost of higher magnification. ==Compact digitals== Compact digitals vary greatly in appearance, interface, and features, and substantially in price, but rather little in image quality. Specific models are hard to recommend because of the rapid replacement cycle in this category. Biggest issues (beyond price) are generally portability (does it fit where you want to carry it?) and usability: does the interface work for you? ''Auxiliary camera.'' Compact cameras are widely used and recommended as auxiliary cameras – a camera is no good if it's at home – and thus many photographers will carry around a pocket or purse-sized camera when not on a specifically photographic expedition. ''Ignore pixel count.'' At these sensor sizes, higher pixels yield higher noise which swamp the higher resolution and instead yield ''worse'' image quality, not better. * [http://photo.net/equipment/best-digital-camera/ The Best Digital Cameras], by Philip Greenspun These have caused some measure of excitement, as they allow high quality images in a camera that can easily be carried around, and thus are suited as an auxiliary camera for when one does not wish to carry around a DSLR. == Bridge cameras == [[w:Bridge camera|Bridge camera]]s—cameras between compact digitals and DSLRs—form an amorphous category. === Usual meaning === They generally mean "a small sensor with a big lens" – thus a style similar to a DSLR, but with a small sensor and hence relatively poor image quality. By comparison with compact digitals, they have bigger and faster lenses, hence can take photographs in lower light and of moving objects, while by comparison with DSLRs the lenses are much easier to make, and hence are generally super-zoom. These fill a niche which is increasingly small as the price of DSLRs has come down, and one is almost always better served by an entry level DSLR such as the Canon Rebel XTi/XSi or Nikon D40. Currently in the US<ref>(2009-APR)</ref> entry DSLRs (with kit lens) retail for $375 (Nikon D40) to $600 (Canon Digital Rebel XSi), while bridge cameras are in the $250 to $400 range. If quality is a concern, get an entry-level DSLR or large sensor non-DSLR (see below); if budget is a concern, get a compact digital and play to its strengths. === Large sensor non-DSLR === The "large sensor non-DSLR" class is an emerging class, consisting of cameras with large sensor (like entry-level DSLRs), but a smaller format. Several of these are in the [[w:Micro Four Thirds System|Micro Four Thirds System]], by Panasonic and Olympus, which features a Four Thirds size sensor and interchangeable lenses. There are currently two types: * High-quality compact *:These are pocket-size (compact) cameras with a large sensor *:[[w:Sigma DP1|Sigma DP1]] & [[w:Sigma DP2|Sigma DP2]] are available, and have a fixed (non-interchangeable) lens with a fixed focal length. *:Olympus has also announced a camera in this class with interchangeable lenses and a retro design. * DSLR-style without viewfinder *:These are similar in design and size to bridge cameras, but with large sensors: smaller bodies than DSLRs, and an [[w:electronic viewfinder|electronic viewfinder]] (EVF) *:[[w:Panasonic Lumix DMC-G1|Panasonic Lumix DMC-G1]] & [[w:Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1|Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1]] High-quality compact cameras have generated some measure of excitement, as they finally provide a camera that takes quality photographs but fits in the pocket. These are limited in many ways compared to DSLRs (the Sigma DP1 & DP2 have fixed lenses with fixed focal length), but can function within their limits, and as auxiliary cameras. Large sensor non-DSLRs fill a similar role to entry-level DSLRs, and are worth considering as alternatives – the lack of a [[w:pentaprism|pentaprism]] and mirror makes them significantly smaller and lighter, at the cost of not having an optical viewfinder. Further, there are very few cameras in this class. == DSLRs == As discussed at [[../DSLRs|DSLRs]], you are first buying a ''system'', not a ''camera'' or ''body''. Unless you find [[../DSLRs#Other_brands|an other brand]] particularly compelling – and there are reasons to do so – you should get a [[../DSLRs#Canon_and_Nikon|Canon or Nikon]] body and some lenses. * [http://photo.net/equipment/building-a-digital-slr-system/ Building a DSLR system], by Philip Greenspun ===System=== See [[../Canon_and_Nikon|Canon and Nikon]] for comparison between the systems; they are both excellent and high in quality. Try them both out to see if either particularly delights you, and consider how you expect to use your camera, and whether either brand has particular strengths or weaknesses. If you have trouble deciding, price up what you expect to buy on either system and choose one if it's substantially cheaper than the other. Otherwise, flip a coin: they're both good. === Body === Which body is mostly determined by budget: the more you spend, the higher quality and more features. Some issues: ;weight: The largest DSLRs (like the 1Ds Mark III) are very heavy and bulky, which may bother you. ;full-frame: Several top-end DSLRs (currently Canon 1Ds, 5D, and Nikon D3, D3X, D770 and Sony α 900) are [[w:Full-frame digital SLR|full-frame]]. This is a substantially larger sensor and consequently yields much higher quality pictures; for some this is a sine qua non. However, this is more demanding on the lenses. ;high-speed: If you wish to do professional sports photography, the Canon 1D and the Nikon D3 have much higher speeds than the others. ===Lenses=== In general, one begins with a '''[[Photography_Equipment/Lenses/Overview#Standard_Lenses|standard lens]]''', and subsequently buys lenses as necessary for particular subjects. See [[../Lenses|lenses]] for details. As a standard lens, most commonly people use the zoom lens that is included with the DSLR body (called the '''[[w:kit lens|kit lens]]'''). Indeed, many people use no other lenses, and thus reap relatively little of the flexibility benefits that a DSLR affords. Others decry this practice<ref>http://photo.net/equipment/building-a-digital-slr-system/</ref> and suggest instead that one use a (prime) [[w:normal lens|normal lens]]. Kit lenses are not the highest quality zoom lenses, having low Image Quality and being slow (hence needed lots of light and not being capable of Depth of Field effects); they may be a good value though. For a prime normal lens on a small sensor DSLR, the appropriate focal length is 50mm divided by the [[w:crop factor|crop factor]]. For APS-C Canons (EF-S: Rebel, 20D/30D/40D), this is 1.6x, so a normal lens is 31.25mm, or about 30mm. For APS-C Nikons (DX), this is 1.5x, so a normal lens is 33 1/3mm. Some common recommendations follow. * [http://www.bobatkins.com/photography/digital/10d300dlenses.html Canon Lenses Overview by Bob Atkins], especially for APS-C (Rebel, 20D/30D/40D) * [http://www.the-digital-picture.com/Canon-Lenses/Canon-General-Purpose-Lens.aspx General Purpose Canon Lenses (from The-Digital-Picture)] Sample professional collections: *[http://www.luminous-landscape.com/reviews/lenses/canon_lenses.shtml Canon lenses] *[http://www.outbackphoto.com/reviews/equipment/lenses/ronreznick.html Nikon lenses] ====Canon==== [[Photography Equipment/Lenses/Canon standard]] =====Standard Zoom===== * kit lenses: [[w:Canon EF-S 18-55mm lens|Canon EF-S 18-55mm]]: considered very soft * [[w:Canon EF-S 17-55mm lens|Canon EF-S 17-55mm]] ($1,300) excellent general-purpose lens =====Standard Prime===== * Sigma 30mm f/1.4 for Canon ($400) ====Nikon==== [[Photography Equipment/Lenses/Nikon standard]] =====Standard Zoom===== * Kit ** Nikkor 18-55mm (various versions) ** [[w:Nikon 18-70mm f/3.5-4.5G ED-IF AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor|Nikon 18-70mm f/3.5-4.5]] * Nikkor 28-105mm f/3.5-4.5, ~$325 * [http://www.cameralabs.com/reviews/Nikkor_kit_lens_group_test/ Comparison of popular Nikon zoom lenses] * Nikkor 28-115mm =====Standard Prime===== * Sigma 30mm f/1.4 for Nikon ($400) ==Medium Format and Large Format== Medium Format (MF) and Large Format (LF) are largely ''film'' cameras. Digital backs (bodies/sensors) exist, but are quite expensive and limited. ===Film=== *[http://photo.net/equipment/medium-format/choosing Choosing a Medium Format Camera], by Philip Greenspun *[http://photo.net/equipment/large-format/choosing Choosing a Large Format Camera], by Philip Greenspun ===Digital=== MF backs exist that are similar to DSLR sensors: a full sensor. These are extremely expensive, but can be rented. LF backs are '''scanning backs''': a sensor the size of a LF image would be prohibitively expensive, so instead one uses a row of sensors which scans across the image, with exposures measured in minutes. They are thus only suited for photography of static objects. ==References== {{reflist}} *[http://photo.net/equipment/what-camera What Camera Should I Buy?], by Philip Greenspun {{BookCat}} 5pupdvgqc0e80lujawgze6mu5ak042n Writing Adolescent Fiction/Character names/African-American 0 148797 4442390 4316384 2024-10-24T20:15:32Z 102.223.130.43 /* Usage note */ 4442390 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Usage note== African-Americans are among the most prolific name-creators today. If you have an African-American character, you can try adding elements like De-, Sha-, La-, an, vaughn, -tavius and -sha together and come up with your own unique name for him or her. French names such as Monique, Chantal, Andre, and Antoine will work since they are used by African Americans. Italian names such as Ginevra, Aurora, Francesco, and Alessandro will work because they can be used by African Americans. A native European name could work as long as it does not offend him or her. Black Muslims typically adopt Arab last names. Even if their religion is not Muslim or the surname is not an Arab last name, the Muslim names such as Kairo, Ali, Tamara, Aaliyah, and Khalid can still be used by African Americans even if they are not Muslims. Ghanaian names like Kwame and Kweisi can be used by African-Americans as well even if they have not traced their bloodlines to Ghana or are not born on the day the names mea ==Girls' names== Almost any French name will work for an African-American girl. *Aaisha *Adasha *Adjoua *Aireona *Aisha *Aiyana *Aizza *Aja *Ajaysia *Akeiyla *Akita *Algenea *Almesha *Alora *Aneisha *Angelie *Anquaneshi *Antisha *Applice *Aranza *Aretha *Ariessa *Armetris *Atalaya *Atasha *Aumnee *Aushanique *Autherine *Avondelee *Alena *Ayana *Ayesha *Azaline *Barbarasha *Beneatha *Berline *Birdia *Bopha *Brinesha *Brishella *Bupe *Cambrea *Camika *Carneisha *Carolshay *Catherlean *Ceola *Chabris *Chamika *Chanelle *Chantal *Chante *Chaquasha *Chardai *Charmee *Charmesha *Charmian *Chatoya *Chenita *Chequettalin *Chevay *Chihiqua *Chiniqua *Chukwuma *Clairkita *Claya *Cyana *Cyniqua *Daejanae *Daeshandra *Daija *D’aiyaa *Dakeirra *D’Andra *Darnetta *Daraphonee *Darrenisha *Dashawna *Dashay *Davera *Deandra *Deeba *Deequa *Dega *Dejanelle *Dejuna *Delicia *Delronda *Demeka *Denali *Denisha *Denkia *Dequandra *Desana *Desha *De Yanira *Dhola *Diahann *Donesha *Doretha *Dramikha *Drayzhsha *D’Tarnika *Dvonne *Dysis *Dywonda *Ebonique *Ebony *Erakwanda *Esharia *Eshita *Eulissa *Eurethra *Exenia *Faafia *Farrusha *Faulishina *Felneetra *Flirtisha *Fredniqua *Gloriyae *Glynitra *Hidalia *I’aunia *Ieisha *Iesha *Ieshia *Ijanae *Ilunga *Imani *Indraneela *I’vaughna *Ivory *Iyeshia *Jabriona *Jakeisha *Jaleesa *Jalisa *Jaliyah *Jamaica *Jameeka *Jamesha *Jamila *Jamillah *Jamiyla *Jarica *Jatara *Jatherine *Javonna *Jawana *JaWanda *Jawarza *Jayauna *Jayonna *Jazzlynn *Jelona *Jelsey *Jeniece *Jesoya *Jerome *Jhannaya *Johnnaisha *Joneita *Jonqueesha *Jonzelle *Jon’Nae *JoRaye *Jubiia *Jyakita *Jyneeshia *Jyqueshia *Jyvondra *Jyvonne *Kahlita *Kalisa *Kamalis *Kamisha *Kaneesha *Kanisha *Kazzandra *Keesha *Kefira *Keisha *Keishauna *Keita *Keitra *Kemoshia *Kenesha *Kenia *Kenshayla *Kenya *Kenyatae *Kenyatta *Keshia *Keveronique *Keyala *Keyanna *Keyasia *Keyauna *Keyera *Keyna *Kha’sheena *Khena *Kia *Kiana *Kiandre *Kiante *Kiara *Kieantae *Kierra *Kimbery *Kitiara *Kizzy *Kmara *Kreata *Kusella *Kwabena *Kwanisha *Kwantazha *Kwatazia *Kwina *Kyaisha *Kyana *Kyanua *Kyesha *Kynedra *LaBebe *Lachelle *LaChrystal *Lacretia *Ladaisha *Ladasha *Ladawn *Ladonna *LaFefe *Lafondra *Lagisolia *Lakeisha *Lakendra *Lakenya *Lakia *Lakita *Lakitu *Lakresha *Lamesha *LaMonica *Lanautica *Laneisha *Lanette *LaQuain *Laquanda *Laqueena *Laqueefa *Laqueisha *Laquinta *Laquisha *Laquita *LaRhonda *Lashauna *Lashaunia *Lashaunta *Lashawna *LaShawndre *Lashay *Lasheree *Lashondra *LaTaijah *Latanya *Latara *Latasha *Latavia *LaTeasha *Lateisha *Latia *Latifah *Latisha *Latonya *Latoria *Latosha *Latoya *Latrice *Latricia *Lawanda *LaYvonne *Leenisha *Le Ethel *Leleejah *Lequita *Leshicqua *Le’Tania *Letonya *Ligaya *Llaila *Lonice *Loren (spelling) *Loverine *Luevonnia *Luvenia *Mahalia *Mahogany *Maiami *Malekwa *Maliequa *Mariha *Markisha *Marquashia *Marquesia *Marquette *Marquisha *Matrika *Mdalasini *Meaisha *Miata *Miesha *Mikalyn *Mishayla *Moesha *Moeshia *Molysha *Montanette *Moraya *Myisha *Mytalesha *Naja *Nakaela *Nakia *Nakili *Nakisha *Nashawna *Natosha *Nefertite *Neola *Nesha *Neshia *Ngizunzigu *Nia *Niesha *Nisha *Nyasia *Nykeila *Nytangia *Oakleigh *Oluwasegun *Omarara *Oneika *Onyeisha *Onzilee *Orienta *Orlesha *Oveita *Paniga *Pashiya *Perzavia *Phalopia *Phrstephynie *Presleysia *Qayshanta *Qiana *Qiarra *Quaasia *Quadezia *Quaniesha *Quanika *Quanisha *Quan Shay *Quantaya *Quashaniqua *QuaYein *Quiara *Quiniah *Quinstanisha *Quintasha *Quyannah *Qwshanda *Qyleshia *Rahnisha *Rashanda *Rashann *Rashauna *Ra Yanda *Reeshemah *Rehema *Reka *Rekeisha *Rhoshand *Rhoshanda *Rhoshaun *Ricielle *Roneisha *Roshawna *Ruqia *Rysheema *Sabeqwa *Sabrielle *Saisha *Salesha *Salisha *Saludae *Samisha *Sanjua *Sanjukta *Santana *Sanura *Sarisa *Saronda *Seneka *Shajuana *Shakeisha *Shakeema *Shakeria *Shakia *Shakina *Shakita *Shalanda *Shalaun *Shalinda *Shalisa *Shalona *Shalonde *Shameka *Shamica *Shamika *Shamiqua *Shanautica *Shanay *Shanaynay *Shandy *Shanethis *Shanika *Shaniqua *Shanita *Shanitra *Shaquanda *Shaquira *Shaquisha *Shaquita *Shaqwasha *Sharelle *Sharice *Sharika *Sharonda *Shatesha *Shauntrice *Sha’Vaughn *Shawa *Shawanna *Shaynell *Shebubu *Shelawn *Shelinda *Shemaia *Shenequa *Sheneque *Sherika *Sherita *Shianti *Shimika *Shiquan *Sh’Quita *Shontia *Shylonda *Sigma *Soheila *Sojourner *Solare *Steveanna *Stevetta *Sybrell *Sylvania *Syreeta *Tachine *Tahani *Tahara *Taisha *TaiWanda *Takeira *Takeisha *Takenya *Takia *Takira *Taliena *Talisa *Talisha *Tamesha *Tameshia *Tamika *Tamila *Tamisha *Tanaquil *Taneisha *Tanequa *Tanesha *Tangia *Tangier *Tanielle *Tanika *Tanisha *Taniya *Taniyah *Tanqueray *Taquanna *Tarena *Tareva *Tasha *Tashana *Tashelle *Taura *Taushae *Tavahna *Tawanna *Tawatha *Tazhan *Teaira *Teeairia *Tenayah *Tenea *Tenee *Tenelle *Teniqua *Tenisha *Tennille *Thandeka *Tia *Tianna *Tilneshia *Tinesha *Tisha *T’keyah *Tolani *Tosha *Toya *Tralena *Tranashia *Tranesha *Tuleda *Tyeanna *Tyesha *Tyisha *Tykeedra *Tylishia *TyQuasia *Ukiesha *VaJabra *Valeshia *Valetta *Vanita *Varah *Vatasha *Voneil *Vonesha *Vontrice *Wakeisha *Wakeena *Wanya *Wanzina *Waynia *Wenday *Wonder *Xernona *Xhosa *Xjenai *Xkeona *Yajaiva *Yushekia *Yvetteen *Zackulyn *Zakiyyah *Zanette *Zanquandria *Zanta *Zhonya *Zoya *Zuleika *Zwaanette *Zykeetria *Alexis *Alice *Alicia *Angela *Anita *Ashley *Aubrey *Audrey *Beulah *Brandi *Brandy *Brenda *Brianna *Carla *Charmaine *Cheyenne *Claire *Constance *Crystal *Danielle *Donna *Gwendolyn *Helen *Jane *Janet *Jasmine *Jayne *Jemima *Jennifer *Jessica *Joycelyn *Karen *Kay *La Netta *Larissa *Leanna *Lisa *Lorraine *Mandy *Marie *Mary *Mavis *Michelle *Monica *Mya *Natalie *Nicole *Nora *Pamela *Patricia *Phyllis *Pia *Renée *Rosa *Rose *Ruby *Ruth *Susan *Tiffany *Yvonne ==Boys' names== Arab names (Aashid, Abdul, Hakeem, Jamal, Kareem, Lateef, Omar, etc.) are also very popular. *Adarius *Aneon *Anfernee *Antani *Antavies *Anterion *Antiwan *Antjuan *Antwan *Antwon *Ardell *Aries *Ar’Keavius *Arkevius *Arphelius *Ashante *Aundre *Belawrence *Bokeem *Carnell *Carlton *Chalance *Chante *Chavez *Chayquan *Cleavon *Cleophus *Contrell *Cortez *Dabrian *Dacarlos *Daejuwon *Daequan *Daequon *Daeshon *Dajeon *DaJohn *Da-Jon *Dajour *DaJuan *Dakeem *Damari *Damarius *Damarrius *DaMonte *Danatay *Dandre *D’Andre *Dangelo *D’angelo *D’ante *Daquan *Darnay *Darnel *Darnell *Darnyl *DaRon *Darrion *Daryk *Dashawn *Dashon *Davaris *Daveon *Davion *Davon *Davontae *Davonte *Davonti *DaVonti’ *Dawaun *Dayveon *Dayquawn *Dayron *Dayshon *Daytoine *DeAndre *DeAngelo *Deangelos *DeAnthony *De-Anthony *Deanthus *DeAundre *Deaundrey *DeCameron *DeCarlo *DeCarlos *Dedrian *Deherric *Deighryon *DeJames *Dejon *DeJuan *DeJwon *DeKeven *Dekevin *Dekevyn *De’kwon *DeLewis *Delmarquis *Delon *Delonta *Delonte *Demar *Demari *DeMarco *DeMarcus *Demario *DeMarious *DeMarius *Demond *Demontavious *Denzel *Deole *Deon *Deonate *Deondrae *Deondre *Deonta *Deontae *Deonte *Deontey *Deontre *Dequan *DeRice *Deron *Deroshay *Derrion *DeSean *DeShaun *Deshaune *DeShawn *Deshay *DeShon *Deshone *Deshonte *Deterrious *Detreik *Devante *Devarious *Devaughn *Devayne *Deveon *Devion *Devonne *Devonta *Devontae *Devonte *Devontre *Devontrez *Diamante *Dionte *D’lon *D’lonn *D’Marco *D’Marcus *D’Mark *D’Marquis *Dondra *Dondre *Donquell *Dontae *Dontavian *Dontavius *Dontaye *Donte *Dontell *Dontez *D’Ontre *Dontrell *Drayven *Dre *D’Sean *Dumichael *Dwaun *Dwonn *Dyrell *Dytrone *Emeritus *Evander *Flaquan *Floristine *Garcello *Ghana *Gianni *Giovanni *Giovanny *Giovante *Hareem *Harlan *Harlem *Hasheem *Imari *Ivory *Jacorey *Jacquez *Jadarius *Jahan *Jahlil *Jahmodd *Jahquell *Jaimelius *Jajuan *Jakari *Jalen *Jamaal *Jamad *Jamaine *Jamar *Jamarcus *Jamariel *Jamarious *Jamel *Jamerious *Jamir *Jamon *Jamond *Janeil *Jantedrobi *Jaquan *Jaquann *Jaquavious *Jaquill *Jarell *Jarious *Jarius *Jarlen *Jarnail *Jarneal *Jaron *Ja Ron *Jashaun *Jaundray *Javion *Javon *Javonne *Javonte *Javoris *Jawon *Jayvaughn *Jemaar *Jemain *Jemarcus *Jeovany *Jiheem *Jomar *Jomo *Jorrell *Jovan *Jovanni *Jovante *Jovany *Jquan *J’Quez *Juwan *Juwuane *Jyvontaye *Jywuan *Kadarius *Kamar *Kavon *Keandre *Keeshawn *Keion *Keiondre *Kejuan *Kendarius *Kentarious *Kentrell *Kenyon *Keon *Keontre *Ke-Sean *Keshawn *Kesheem *Kevon *Kevonte *Keymon *Keyon *Keyonte *Keyshawn *Khaaliq *Kireem *Kquawi *Kwaeshon *LaDarius *LaDavis *Lakeveon *LaMalcolm *LaMark *Lamont *LaQuenton *LaQuinton *Larnzell *LaRon *LaShajaun *LaShawn *Lashonne *Latavious *Laterrian *Lathan *Latravis *Latrell *Lavemirus *Lavonne *LaZerek *Leevon *Legustus *LeMarcus *Lequann *LeQuentin *LeRon *Le Shon *Leverne *Levondre *Levonne *Lojan *Lonzell *Lyvonne *Maquan *Markevius *Marquan *Marquel *Marquez *Marquis *Marquise *Marshantose *Marshawn *Martavious *Martell *Martez *Milique *Montavius *Montel *Montell *Montez *Monteze *Montravious *Montrell *Montres *Mumia *Napaul *Naquan *Neferamari *Nekashi/Kashi *Nesaias *Netunji *Neontre *Nile *Odaniz *Omario *Omarr *Ontarus *Oshay *Phrstephen *Quadrees *Quandarrius *Quantez *Quantray *Quatavius *Quatrell *Quayvious *Quayvon *Quinshaun *Quntavious *Quytientarious *Q’vontrae *Raekwon *Raequan *Raequon *Raheem *Rakeem *Rashad *Rashane *Rashaun *Rashawn *Rashien *Rashod *Rashon *Ray J *Raykwan *Raymont *Raysean *Rayshan *Rayshawn *Rayshone *Raytheon *Rayvon *Readell *Reshaun *Reshaw *Rhashawn *Rishan *Romario *Romello *Rondel *Ron Dre *Rondrell *Ronell *Ronte *Roshay *Rovaughn *Sanchez *Santana *Saquan *Savion *Savon *Semaj *Serek *Shadel *Shaheem *Shakeel *Shakeem *Shamar *Shamon *Shamonde *Shan *Shandel *Shante *Shantell *Shaq *Shaquan *Shaquil *Shaquille *Sharod *Shavonte *Shawndray *Shawnell *Shawntae *Shawnte *Shay *Shemar *Shonntarious *Shonntay *Shonte *Sirosche *Syrone *Ta’Corian *Taeshaun *Tahj *Taijon *Taiwan *Tajay *Tajuan *Talan *Talon *Tamaurice *Tameron *Taquan *Tarek *Tarik *Tarique *Taron *Tarryl *Taurean *Tavares *Tavaris *Tavell *Tavian *Tavion *Tayqwon *Tayshawn *Teandre *Te’quandris *Terik *Terrill *Terron *Tevin *Tionne *Tiquan *Toussant *Traeshaun *Travion *Trayvon *Trayvonne *Tre *Treshawn *Trevion *Trevohn *Trevon *Trevonte *Twan *Tyee *Tyeshawn *Tyjuan *Tykeem *Tyquan *Tyquay *Tyqwell *Tyrae *Tyre *Tyree *Tyreek *Tyreese *Tyrek *Tyrel *Tyrell *Tyrene *Tyriek *Tyrik *Tyriq *Tyshawn *Tywan *Tyzea *Urdell *Vashan *Vashawn *Vernard *Wil’darrian *Xavion *Xhaephun *Xjumar *Yonah *Yosef *Zaire *Zavion *Zeshan *Zyshawn *Zytavius *Adrian *Alan *Alvin *Andre *Andrew *Anthony *Antoine *Antonio *Arsenio *Barry *Ben *Bernard *Bill *Caleb *Carl *Cassius *Cedric *Charles *Chico *Christopher *Clay *Clarence *Clifford *Clifton *Cody *Corey *Dale *Daniel *Danny *Dante *Darius *Darryl *David *Dennis *Devin *Dion *Donald *Duane *Dwayne *Dylan *Eamon *Eamonn *Earvin *Elijah *Emanuel *Eric *Ethan *Franklin *Gary *George *Gerald *Gordon *Greg *Harold *Harry *Harvey *Henry *Idi *Isaac *Isaiah *Jackson *James *Jason *Jeff *Jeremiah *Jermaine *Jesse *John *Jordan *Joseph *Josh *Juan *Julius *Keenan *Kenan *Kevin *Lamar *Larry *Lawrence *Leigh *Leland *Len *Leroy *Lou *Louis *Malcolm *Marcus *Mark *Martin *Marvin *Melvin *Michael *Neil *Neill *Nicholas *Octavius *Orenthal *Orlando *Paul *Perry *Peter *Prescott *Preston *Quentin *Randy *Ray *Reginald *Richard *Robert *Rodney *Samuel *Sean *Stanley *Steve *Steven *Tate *Terrell *Terrence *Terry *Tom *Trevor *Tyrone *Ulysses *Victor *Vincent *Wayne *Webster *Wes *William *Willie *Xavier *Young *Zach ==Surnames== ===Top 20=== *Williams *Johnson *Smith *Jones *Brown *Jackson *Davis *Thomas *Harris *Robinson *Taylor *Wilson *Moore *White *Lewis *Walker *Green *Washington *Thompson *Anderson ===21-200=== *Adams *Alexander *Allen *Alston *Andrews *Armstrong *Austin *Bailey *Baker *Banks *Barnes *Bell *Bennett *Berry *Black *Booker *Boyd *Bradley *Brooks *Bryant *Burns *Burton *Butler *Byrd *Caldwell *Campbell *Carr *Carter *Chambers *Charles *Clark *Cole *Coleman *Collins *Cook *Cooper *Cox *Crawford *Cunningham *Curry *Daniels *Dixon *Douglas *Edwards *Ellis *Evans *Ferguson *Fields *Fisher *Ford *Foster *Franklin *Frazier *Freeman *Fuller *Gardner *Garrett *Gibson *Glover *Gordon *Graham *Grant *Gray *Greene *Griffin *Hall *Hamilton *Hampton *Hardy *Harper *Harrison *Harvey *Hawkins *Hayes *Haynes *Henderson *Henry *Hicks *Hill *Hines *Holmes *Houston *Howard *Hudson *Hughes *Hunt *Hunter *James *Jefferson *Jenkins *Jordan *Joseph *Kelly *Kennedy *King *Knight *Lawrence *Lawson *Lee *Little *Long *Love *Mack *Marshall *Martin *Mason *Matthews *McCoy *McDonald *McGee *Miles *Miller *Mills *Mitchell *Montgomery *Morgan *Morris *Mosley *Murphy *Murray *Myers *Neal *Nelson *Oliver *Owens *Palmer *Parker *Patterson *Payne *Perkins *Perry *Peterson *Phillips *Porter *Powell *Price *Ray *Reed *Reid *Reynolds *Rice *Richardson *Riley *Roberson *Roberts *Robertson *Rogers *Ross *Russell *Sanders *Scott *Shaw *Simmons *Simpson *Sims *Singleton *Spencer *Stephens *Stevenson *Stewart *Tate *Terry *Thornton *Tucker *Turner *Wade *Wallace *Walton *Ward *Warren *Watkins *Watson *Watts *Webb *Wells *West *Willis *Woods *Wright *Young ===Others=== *Aaron *Abel *Abner *Abney *Abraham *Abram *Abrams *Abron *Abston *Ackard *Ackiss *Acklin *Acoff *Acre *Adair *Addison *Adger *Adkins *Adkisson *Adom *Africa *Agee *Agnew *Aggrey *Ahart *Aiken *Aikens *Ailstock *Airall *Akins *Albritton *Alex *Alexis *Alford *Alfred *Allison *Alman *Alvis *Amaker *Ambush *Amerson *Ames *Amey *Amos *Ampey *Ancel *Ancrum *Anfield *Angus *Ansley *Anthony *Antoine *Appleberry *Applewhite *Appling *Archer *Archie *Arline *Armfield *Armour *Armstead *Armwood *Arnold *Arnwine *Arrington *Artis *Arvie *Asberry *Ashberry *Ashby *Ashe *Ashford *Ashley *Ashton *Ashworth *Askew *Assue *Atkins *Atkinson *Attles *Atwater *August *Augustin *Augustine *Augustus *Aulden *Ausby *Autman *Avant *Avent *Avery *Awkard *Axam *Axt *Ayers *Aytch *Babineaux *Bacon *Bacote *Bagby *Baine *Baines *Baity *Baldwin *Balkham *Ball *Ballard *Baltimore *Baltrip *Bankhead *Bankston *Banner *Bannerman *Bannister *Baptist *Baptiste *Barbee *Barber *Barbour *Barefield *Barfield *Barge *Barker *Barkley *Barksdale *Barlow *Barner *Barnett *Barnhill *Barr *Barrett *Barrino *Barron *Bartee *Bartlett *Bartly *Barton *Baskerville *Baskin *Bass *Bates *Battle *Battles *Batts *Baugh *Baxter *Baylor *Baynes *Bazden *Bazemore *Bazmore *Beacham *Beaird *Beale *Beamon *Bean *Beard *Beasley *Beason *Beaty *Beauford *Beck *Beckett *Beckford *Becton *Beddingfield *Bedenfield *Bedford *Bee *Beeks *Beene *Belcher *Belk *Bellamy *Bellard *Bellinger *Belser *Belton *Bembry *Ben *Benbow *Benford *Benjamin *Benn *Bennet *Benning *Benson *Bentley *Benton *Berkley *Bernard *Bess *Best *Bester *Bethea *Bethley *Bethune *Bettis *Betts *Beverly *Bey *Bias *Bibbens *Bibby *Bickham *Biddie *Biggers *Billingslea *Billingsley *Billups *Bing *Bingham *Binion *Binns *Birdow *Birdsong *Bishop *Bivens *Bivins *Bizzell *Blackman *Blackmon *Blackshear *Blackshire *Blackwell *Blair *Blake *Blakely *Blakemore *Blakeney *Blakes *Blakey *Blakney *Bland *Blanding *Blango *Blanks *Blasingame *Blassingame *Bledsoe *Blige *Bligen *Blizzard *Blocker *Bloodsaw *Blount *Blow *Blue *Bluford *Bluitt *Blunt *Board *Boatwright *Bobbitt *Bobo *Bodrick *Body *Bogan *Boggan *Bolden *Bolds *Boler *Bollin *Bolling *Bolton *Bonaparte *Bond *Bonds *Bonner *Bookman *Boon *Boone *Boose *Booth *Booze *Boozer *Borders *Bosman *Bostic *Bostick *Boston *Boswell *Bouie *Bouldin *Boulware *Boutte *Bouttie *Bow *Bowden *Bowdry *Bowen *Bowens *Bowers *Bowie *Bowles *Bowman *Bowmer *Bowser *Boxhey *Boxley *Boyce *Boykin *Boykins *Boyland *Bozeman *Brabham *Bracey *Bracy *Braddy *Bradford *Bradshaw *Brady *Braggs *Branch *Brandican *Brandon *Branham *Brannon *Brantley *Braswell *Braveboy *Braxton *Bray *Brayboy *Braziel *Brazil *Breland *Brent *Brevard *Brewer *Brewington *Brewster *Brewton *Brice *Brickhouse *Bridgeforth *Bridges *Briggs *Bright *Brim *Brinkley *Brinson *Brisco *Briscoe *Brister *Britt *Brittingham *Britton *Broaden *Broadnax *Broadus *Broadwater *Broadway *Broady *Brock *Brockington *Brogdon *Brookins *Broom *Broomfield *Broughton *Broussard *Browder *Browning *Browne *Browner *Brownlee *Broxton *Bruce *Brumejum *Brumfield *Brundidge *Brunson *Bruton *Brutus *Bryan *Buchanan *Buckley *Buckner *Bufford *Buford *Bugg *Buggs *Buie *Bullard *Bullock *Bumphus *Bunch *Bunday *Bunton *Burch *Burden *Burgess *Burke *Burkes *Burkett *Burkhalter *Burks *Burley *Burnett *Burney *Burnley *Burnside *Burough *Burrell *Burris *Burroughs *Burrus *Burse *Burts *Burwell *Busby *Bush *Bushnell *Bushrod *Bussey *Busy *Butts *Byas *Byers *Bynes *Bynum *Byrdsong *Cabbagestalk *Cade *Caesar *Caffey *Cage *Cager *Cain *Caine *Calder *Calhoun *Callaham *Callahan *Callands *Calloway *Calmese *Calvin *Cameron *Camper *Canada *Canady *Cane *Cannady *Cannon *Canty *Capers *Carey *Carlton *Carmichael *Carmon *Carney *Carpenter *Carraway *Carrington *Carroll *Carruthers *Carson *Carswell *Carthan *Caruthers *Cary *Case *Casey *Cash *Cashaw *Cason *Cassidy *Caston *Catchings *Cathey *Causey *Cauthen *Cauther *Cauthon *Caver *Ceasar *Ceaser *Cephas *Cephus *Chambliss *Champion *Chandler *Chaney *Chapman *Chappell *Chappelle *Chapple *Charity *Chase *Chatman *Chatmon *Chavers *Chavis *Cheatham *Cheatom *Cheeks *Cheeseboro *Chenault *Cherry *Chester *Chestnut *Chevis *Childress *Childs *Chiles *Chillis *Chisley *Chism *Chisolm *Choice *Christian *Christmas *Christopher *Church *Churchwell *Churton *Cisco *Cistrunk *Citizen *Clack *Claiborne *Clanton *Clardy *Clarke *Clay *Clayborn *Clayborne *Claybrooks *Clayton *Claytor *Claves *Clements *Clemmons *Clemons *Cleveland *Clincy *Clinkscales *Clinton *Cloud *Clyburn *Coachman *Coates *Coats *Coaxum *Cobb *Cobbin *Cobbins *Cobbs *Cochran *Cockran *Cockrell *Coe *Cofer *Coffee *Coffey *Cofield *Cogdell *Cohen *Colbert *Coles *Coley *Collier *Colman *Colquitt *Colston *Colter *Colvin *Combess *Combs *Conerly *Coney *Conley *Conner *Contee *Conway *Conwell *Conyers *Cooke *Cooks *Cooley *Cooperwood *Copeland *Copes *Coppage *Copper *Corbin *Corbitt *Core *Corley *Corn *Cornelius *Cornet *Cornish *Cosby *Cosey *Cosper *Coston *Cotanch *Cottman *Cotton *Council *Countee *Coursey *Cousar *Cousins *Covington *Cowan *Cowans *Coward *Coy *Cozart *Cozens *Craft *Craig *Craighead *Crane *Crater *Crawley *Crayton *Credle *Crenshaw *Crew *Crews *Cribbs *Criss *Crittenden *Crittendon *Crockett *Cromartie *Cromwell *Croom *Crooms *Crosby *Cross *Crowder *Crudup *Cruell *Crumble *Crumbley *Crump *Crumpton *Crutcher *Crutchfield *Cubbins *Cudjo *Cudjoe *Cuff *Cuffee *Cuffie *Culberson *Culbreath *Cullins *Culpepper *Culver *Cumbo *Cummings *Cureton *Curle *Currie *Curtis *Custalow *Custis *Cuthbertson *Cuttillo *Cuttino *Cuyler *Cypress *Dabney *Dade *Dailey *Dales *Dallas *Dalton *Dance *Dancer *Dancy *Dandridge *Dangerfield *Daniel *Danner *Dansby *Dantzler *Danzy *Darby *D’Arcy *Darden *Dargan *Darrisaw *Datcher *Daughtry *Davenport *Daves *David *Davidson *Davie *Dawkins *Dawson *Day *Daye *Days *Dean *Deans *Dear *Deas *DeBerry *Debnam *Debose *Debrix *Dedeaux *Degrate *Delaine *Delbridge *Deloach *Deloatch *Deloney *DeMarcus *Demby *Demery *DeMilo *Demps *Dempsey *Dendy *Denmark *Dennard *Dennis *Dennum *Denson *Dent *DeRamus *Derosario *DeRossett *Derry *DeShazer *DeShazor *DeShields *Devaughn *Devreaux *Dewalt *Dewberry *Dews *Deyon *Dias *Dickens *Dickerson *Dicks *Dickson *Diggins *Diggs *Dildy *Dillard *Dillon *Dilworth *Dingle *Dinkins *Dismuke *Dismun *Dixson *Doakes *Dobbins *Dobbs *Doby *Dockery *Doctor *Dodson *Doe *Dogan *Dolby *Donald *Donaldson *Donathan *Donelson *Dones *Donnell *Dorsey *Dortch *Doss *Dotson *Doty *Douglass *Dove *Dowdell *Dowe *Downer *Downing *Dozier *Drain *Drake *Drakeford *Draughn *Drayton *Dredden *Drew *Driggers *Dring *Driver *Drumgold *Drummer *Drummond *Drury *Dubose *Duckett *Ducksworth *Duckworth *Ducre *Dudley *Duhart *Dukes *Dumas *Dunbar *Duncan *Dungee *Dungill *Dunigan *Dunlap *Dunlop *Dunmore *Dunn *Dunson *Dunstan *Dunston *Duplessis *Dupree *Durant *Durden *Duren *Durham *Durr *Dutchfield *Dyer *Dyson *Eaddy *Eady *Eaglin *Ealey *Ealy *Earl *Early *Earvin *Easley *Eason *Easter *Easterling *Easton *Eatmon *Eaton *Ebron *Echols *Eddings *Eddington *Eddins *Edgar *Edge *Edgerson *Edison *Edley *Edmond *Edmonds *Edmondson *Edward *Eiland *Elam *Elder *Eleby *Eley *Ellerbe *Ellington *Elliot *Elliott *Ellison *Elmore *Elston *England *English *Engram *Enoch *Epperson *Epps *Erby *Ervin *Erving *Esaw *Eskridge *Espree *Essex *Estell *Esters *Ethridge *Etienne *Eubanks *Everett *Everette *Ewell *Ewing *Exum *Ezell *Fagan *Faggott *Fails *Fair *Fairley *Faison *Falls *Fambro *Fant *Fantroy *Farmer *Faro *Farrar *Farris *Farrow *Farthing *Faulcon *Faulk *Faulkner *Fauntleroy *Favors *Fayson *Feagin *Fears *Feaster *Featherstone *Fedd *Feggins *Felder *Fells *Felton *Fenderson *Fennell *Ferebee *Ferrell *Few *Fielding *Figgs *Figures *Fikes *Finch *Findley *Finister *Finklea *Finley *Finney *Finnie *Fitchue *Fitts *Fitzgerald *Flagg *Flakes *Fleming *Flemings *Fletcher *Flickin *Flood *Flora *Florence *Flournoy *Flowers *Floyd *Fludd *Fluellen *Fluker *Fobbs *Foggie *Folks *Fontenette *Fontenot *Fonville *Fooks *Footman *Forbes *Fordham *Foreman *Forney *Fornis *Forrest *Fort *Forte *Fortson *Fortune *Foston *Fountain *Fowler *Fowlkes *Fox *Foxworth *Foxx *Foye *Fraction *Francis *Francisco *Francois *Frank *Frasier *Frederick *Freelon *French *Friday *Frierson *Erink *Frisby *Frison *Frizzell *Frost *Fry *Fryar *Frye *Fryson *Fudge *Fullam *Fullwood *Fulmore *Fulton *Funches *Funchess *Funderburk *Fuqua *Furlow *Futrell *Fuzmore *Gadberry *Gaddis *Gaddy *Gadison *Gadsden *Gadson *Gaillard *Gailliard *Gainer *Gaines *Gainey *Gaither *Galbreath *Gales *Gallimore *Gallman *Gallon *Galloway *Gamble *Gambrell *Gamby *Gammage *Gandy *Gant *Gantt *Garden *Gardener *Garland *Garmon *Garner *Garnes *Garnett *Garrick *Garris *Garrison *Garvin *Garth *Gary *Gaskin *Gaskins *Gaston *Gates *Gatewood *Gathers *Gatlin *Gatling *Gatson *Gause *Gay *Gayden *Gaye *Gayle *Gayles *Gean *Geathers *Gee *Generette *Gentry *George *Germany *Geter *Gethers *Ghant *Ghee *Gholar *Gholson *Gholston *Ghoston *Gibbs *Giddens *Gilbert *Gilchrist *Giles *Gilford *Gilkey *Gill *Gillard *Gillespie *Gillett *Gilliam *Gilliard *Gillis *Gills *Gilmore *Gilyard *Ginyard *Gipson *Gist *Givens *Gladden *Gladney *Glanton *Glasco *Glasper *Glaspie *Glass *Glaze *Glears *Gleaton *Glenn *Godbolt *Godett *Godfrey *Godley *Goens *Goff *Goffney *Goggins *Goheen *Goin *Goines *Going *Goings *Goins *Golden *Goldsby *Goldston *Golson *Golston *Gonsolin *Goode *Gooden *Gooding *Goodloe *Goodlow *Goodman *Goodrum *Goods *Goodson *Goodwin *Goodwyn *Goolsby *Goosby *Gordan *Gordy *Gore *Goree *Gorham *Goshay *Gourdine *Govan *Gowdy *Gowen *Gowens *Gowins *Grace *Grady *Granberry *Grandberry *Grantum *Granville *Grate *Gravely *Graves *Grayer *Grays *Grayson *Greenberry *Greenleaf *Greenlee *Greer *Greggs *Gregory *Gresham *Grey *Grice *Grier *Griffen *Griffey *Griffie *Griffith *Griggs *Grigsby *Grimes *Gripper *Grisby *Grissett *Groce *Groom *Gross *Groves *Grundy *Guenon *Guesnon *Guess *Guice *Guilford *Guinyard *Gullette *Gulley *Gunn *Gurley *Guy *Guyton *Gwinn *Gwyn *Gwynn *Habersham *Hackett *Hadnot *Hagans *Haggins *Hagins *Hagood *Haigler *Hailey *Hairston *Haith *Haithcock *Hale *Haley *Haliburton *Halliburton *Hambrick *Hamlett *Hamlin *Hammond *Hammonds *Hand *Handy *Hankerson *Hankins *Hannah *Hanson *Hardaway *Hardeman *Harden *Hardge *Hardiman *Hardin *Harding *Hardison *Hardmon *Hardnett *Hardrick *Hardwell *Hargrove *Hargrow *Hariston *Harkless *Harley *Harmon *Harold *Harrell *Harrington *Harshaw *Hart *Hartfield *Hartless *Hartsfield *Harvell *Harvin *Hasberry *Haskins *Hatcher *Hatchett *Hatfield *Hatten *Hatter *Haugabook *Hawley *Haws *Hawthorne *Hayden *Haygood *Haymer *Haymon *Haynesworth *Hays *Hayward *Haywood *Hazel *Head *Headen *Heady *Heal *Heard *Hearn *Hearns *Heath *Hebron *Heckstall *Hedgepeth *Helaire *Hemby *Hemingway *Hemphill *Hendricks *Hendrix *Henley *Henson *Henton *Herbert *Herdon *Hereford *Heron *Herring *Herron *Hervey *Hester *Hewett *Hewlett *Hewson *Heyward *Hibbler *Hickey *Hickman *Hickmon *Hickson *Higgins *High *Highsmith *Hightower *Hillard *Hilliard *Hills *Hilson *Hilton *Hinnant *Hinton *Hitchens *Hiter *Hoard *Hobbs *Hobson *Hobdy *Hockaday *Hodge *Hodges *Hodnett *Hogan *Hogans *Hogg *Hoke *Holden *Holder *Holiday *Holifield *Holland *Holley *Holliday *Hollie *Holliman *Hollinger *Hollins *Hollis *Holloman *Holloway *Holly *Holman *Holmon *Holsey *Holsome *Holston *Holt *Honesty *Honore *Hood *Hooker *Hookfin *Hooks *Hoomes *Hooper *Hope *Hopkins *Hopson *Horn *Horne *Horsey *Horton *Hosey *Hoskin *Hoskins *House *Howell *Howze *Hubbard *Huddleston *Huelin *Huff *Hugee *Huggins *Hughey *Hughley *Huguley *Humbles *Humphrey *Huntley *Hurd *Hurdle *Hurley *Hurst *Hurt *Husband *Hutcherson *Hutchins *Hutchinson *Hutson *Hyman *Hymes *Hymon *Ingram *Innes *Irby *Ireland *Irons *Irvin *Irving *Isaac *Isom *Ivery *Ivey *Ivory *Ivy *Jack *Jacobs *Jamerson *Jameson *Jamison *Jarmon *Jarrett *Jarvis *Jason *Jasper *Jean *Jeanbaptiste *Jefferies *Jeffery *Jeffries *Jelks *Jemison *Jennings *Jerry *Jessie *Jeter *Jewel *Jiggetts *Jiles *Jimeson *Jimmerson *John *Johnigan *Johns *Joiner *Jointer *Jolson *Jone *Jonson *Joplin *Jordon *Josey *Joubert *Joyner *Judkins *Jules *Jumper *June *Juniel *Junior *Junious *Kates *Kearse *Keaton *Kee *Keels *Keemer *Keith *Keitt *Kellam *Kelley *Kellum *Kemp *Kendall *Kendrick *Kendricks *Kennard *Kennebrew *Kenner *Kennon *Kenon *Kent *Kersey *Key *Keyes *Keys *Keyton *Kidd *Kilgore *Killebrew *Killings *Kimber *Kimble *Kimbrough *Kinard *Kincaid *Kinchen *Kindred *Kindle *Kinlaw *Kinnard *Kinney *Kirby *Kirk *Kirkland *Kirksey *Kirkwood *Kitt *Kittrell *Kizzie *Knighten *Knighton *Knightsen *Knowlin *Knox *Knuckles *Koger *Koonce *Kornegay *Kyles *Lacey *LaCour *Lacy *Laday *Ladson *Lafayette *LaGon *Lagrone *Lakes *Lamar *Lamb *Lambert *Lamhan *Lampkin *Lampkins *Lampley *Landrum *Landry *Landum *Lane *Lang *Langston *Lanier *Lansford *Lantern *Lark *Larkins *Larry *Lassai *Lassiter *Laster *Lathon *Latimer *Latimore *Latney *Latson *Lattimore *Lauderdale *Laury *Lavalais *Lavender *Law *Laws *Lawton *Leach *Leak *Leake *Leaks *Leath *Leavel *Leavell *Leday *Ledet *Leeks *Leffall *Leflore *Leftwich *Legette *Leggett *Lemelle *Lemon *Lemons *Lenard *Lenoir *Lenzy *Leonard *Lephew *Lesane *Leslie *Lester *Lesure *Lett *Levels *Leverett *Leverette *Leviner *Levingston *Liberty *Liddell *Liggins *Lightfoot *Lighty *Ligon *Lillard *Lilly *Lindsay *Lindsey *Linear *Linton *Linzy *Lipford *Lipscomb *Lipsey *Lish *Littlejohn *Littles *Lively *Liverpool *Livingston *Lloyd *Lockett *Lockhart *Locklear *Lockley *Lockridge *Lockson *Locus *Loflin *Lofton *Logan *Loggins *Logwood *Lomax *London *Longmire *Longo *Looney *Loston *Lott *Louis *Lovelace *Lovett *Loving *Lowe *Lowery *Lowry *Lucas *Lucious *Lucius *Luck *Luckett *Luckey *Lucky *Lugrove *Lumpkin *Lumpkins *Lundy *Luster *Luvert *Lykes *Lyles *Lymon *Lynch *Lynn *Lyons *Lytle *Mabrey *Mabry *Mackey *Mackins *Macklin *Maclin *Macon *Madden *Maddox *Madison *Madkins *Magee *Magwood *Mahone *Mahorney *Maiden *Majette *Major *Majors *Malcolm *Malcom *Mallard *Mallett *Mallory *Malone *Malveaux *Mance *Mangrum *Mangum *Manigault *Manigo *Manlove *Manly *Mann *Manning *Manns *Manson *Manuel *Mapp *Marable *Marbley *Marbury *Marion *Marks *Marlowe *Marrow *Marsh *Maryland *Marzett *Marzette *Massen *Massenburg *Massey *Massiah *Mathews *Mathis *Mattox *Maxie *Maxwell *May *Mayberry *Maye *Mayes *Mayfield *Maynor *Mayo *Mays *Mayweather *Mazique *Mazyck *McAdoo *McAfee *McAllister *McAlster *McBeth *McBride *McCaa *McCain *McCall *McCalla *McCallum *McCampbell *McCants *McCargo *McCarty *McCary *McCaskill *McCaster *McClain *McClam *McClary *McClendon *McClenton *McCline *McClinton *McCloud *McClure *McCollough *McCollum *McConico *McCormick *McCorvey *McCovery *McCrae *McCraney *McCrary *McCray *McCrea *McCree *McCrimmon *McCuller *McCullough *McCullum *McCutchen *McDade *McDaniel *McDaniels *McDay *McDougald *McDouggle *McDowell *McDuffie *McDuffy *McEachin *McElrath *McElroy *McElveen *McFadden *McFarland *McFarlane *McFarlin *McFerrin *McGary *McGhee *McGill *McGowan *McGriff *McGruder *McIlwain *McInnis *McIntosh *McIntyre *McIver *McKay *McKenzie *McKessan *McKever *McKinley *McKinney *McKinnie *McKinnon *McKinzie *McKissick *McKiver *McKnight *McKoy *McLaughlin *McLaurin *McLean *McLemore *McLendon *McLeod *McLin *McLeroy *McMillan *McMiller *McMillian *McMillion *McMillon *McMorris *McNair *McNary *McNeal *McNealy *McNeil *McNeill *M’Coy *McPhatter *McPherson *McQueen *McQuiller *McRae *McSwain *McWhite *McZeal *Meade *Meadows *Mealing *Mealy *Means *Mebane *Medley *Medlock *Meekins *Meeks *Meggett *Meggs *Melton *Melvin *Menefee *Menifee *Mention *Mercadel *Mercer *Meredith *Merkerson *Merritt *Merriweather *Metoyer *Michel *Mickens *Mickle *Mickles *Middlebrook *Middlebrooks *Middleton *Mike *Mikell *Milhouse *Mill *Millender *Milliner *Millner *Milton *Mimms *Mims *Mincey *Mines *Ming *Mingo *Minnifield *Minor *Minter *Miskell *Missouri *Mister *Mitchel *Mitchner *Mitchum *Mixon *Mobley *Moffett *Moment *Moncrief *Mongom *Monoggin *Monroe *Montague *Month *Moody *Moon *Moorer *Mooring *Mordick *Moreland *Morman *Morning *Morrison *Morrow *Morse *Morton *Mosby *Mose *Mosely *Moses *Moss *Moten *Motley *Moton *Motton *Moultrie *Moultry *Mouton *Mouzon *Moye *Moyer *Mozee *Mozingo *Muckelroy *Mukes *Muldrow *Mullins *Mumford *Munday *Munford *Mungin *Mungo *Muns *Murchison *Murph *Murrell *Murrow *Murry *Myers *Myles *Myrick *Myricks *Nabors *Naismith *Nalls *Nance *Napper *Narcisse *Nash *Nealy *Ned *Needham *Neely *Nellum *Neloms *Nero *Nesbit *Nesbitt *Nesmith *Nettles *Nevels *Newberry *Newborn *Newby *Newell *Newkirk *Newman *Newsom *Newsome *Newson *Newte *Newton *Niccans *Nicholas *Nichols *Nicholson *Nickens *Nicks *Nickson *Nixon *Noble *Nobles *Noel *Norfleet *Norman *Norris *Northern *Northington *Norton *Norwood *Nowden *Nowlin *Nunn *Nunnally *Nutts *Oates *Oatis *Oats *O’Banner *O’Bryant *Oden *Odom *Odoms *Odum *Odums *Ogburn *Oglesby *Ogletree *Okey *Oliphant *Ollie *Ollison *O’Neal *Orr *Osbey *Osborne *Osbourne *Osby *Otey *Otter *Ousley *Outland *Outlaw *Outley *Overstreet *Overton *Owen *Oxendine *Pace *Page *Pagee *Paige *Palmore *Pannell *Parham *Parkman *Parks *Paro *Parr *Parrish *Parrot *Parson *Partee *Partlow *Paschal *Pasley *Pass *Paterson *Patillo *Patrick *Patton *Paul *Pauling *Paulk *Paylor *Payton *Peace *Peacock *Pearsall *Pearson *Peavy *Peay *Peebles *Peele *Peeples *Peete *Pegram *Pegues *Peguese *Pelzer *Pendarvis *Pender *Pendergass *Pendleton *Penn *Pennywell *Penson *People *Peoples *Peppers *Percy *Pernell *Perryman *Person *Pete *Peters *Pettaway *Petties *Pettiford *Pettigrew *Pettis *Pettiway *Pettus *Pettway *Petty *Pharr *Phelps *Phifer *Phillip *Philon *Philpot *Phinazee *Phinisee *Phoenix *Pickens *Pickett *Pickney *Pierce *Pierre *Piggee *Pinchback *Pinckney *Pinkard *Pinkins *Pinkney *Pinkston *Pinn *Pipkin *Pipkins *Pippens *Pippins *Pirtle *Pitchford *Pitt *Pittman *Pitts *Player *Pleas *Pleasant *Pledger *Plowden *Plumly *Plummer *Poe *Poellnitz *Poindexter *Pointer *Poke *Poldo *Polite *Polk *Pollard *Pompey *Ponder *Pondexter *Ponds *Poole *Pope *Porch *Porchia *Poree *Portions *Portis *Portiss *Posey *Posley *Postell *Poteat *Potts *Pough *Poullard *Pouncy *Pounds *Powers *Poythress *Pratcher *Pratt *Prayer *Praylow *Prescott *Presha *President *Press *Pressley *Pressman *Preston *Prichard *Pride *Pridgen *Priester *Primm *Prince *Pringle *Prioleau *Pritchet *Pritchett *Proby *Proctor *Profit *Prophet *Prude *Pruden *Pruitt *Pryor *Pugh *Pulley *Pullins *Pullum *Purifoy *Purify *Purnell *Pursley *Puryear *Pye *Quabner *Quaid *Quarles *Quarterman *Quashie *Quattlebaum *Queen *Quinn *Rabb *Ragin *Ragland *Raglin *Raiford *Rainey *Rainge *Rains *Ralls *Ramseur *Ramsey *Randall *Randle *Randol *Randolf *Randolph *Range *Ranger *Rankin *Rankins *Rann *Ransaw *Ransom *Ransome *Ranson *Raper *Raspberry *Rascoe *Ratcliff *Ratliff *Ravenell *Rawlinson *Rawls *Rayford *Raymond *Readus *Reams *Reaves *Redcross *Redd *Reddic *Reddick *Redding *Redman *Redmon *Redmond *Reese *Reeves *Reliford *Rembert *Rencher *Render *Respress *Revell *Revels *Rhinehart *Rhodes *Rhone *Rhymes *Rich *Richard *Richards *Richburg *Richmond *Rickman *Ricks *Riddick *Rideaux *Ridley *Riggins *Riles *Ringgold *Ringo *Rivers *Roach *Roane *Robbins *Robins *Roby *Rochelle *Rochester *Rockett *Rodgers *Roland *Rollerson *Rollins *Rone *Rooks *Roquemore *Rorex *Rorie *Rosario *Roscoe *Rose *Roseboro *Rosser *Roulhac *Roundtree *Rountree *Rouse *Rowe *Rowland *Roy *Royal *Royster *Royston *Rozar *Rozier *Rucker *Ruff *Ruffin *Ruffins *Rufus *Rumph *Runnels *Rush *Rushing *Russ *Russaw *Russel *Rutland *Rutledge *Ryans *Sabb *Sabree *Saffold *Safford *Sain *Sales *Salley *Salmon *Salter *Salters *Sam *Samanna *Sample *Sampson *Samuel *Samuels *Sancho *Sanderlin *Sandifer *Sane *Sanford *Sango *Sangster *Sankey *Sanon *Santee *Satchell *Satterwhite *Saucier *Sauls *Saulsberry *Saunders *Savage *Savoy *Sawyer *Sayles *Scaife *Scales *Scarver *Scriven *Scruggs *Scullark *Scurry *Seabron *Seabrook *Seabrooks *Seals *Searcy *Seawood *Seawright *Seay *Segro *Seigers *Seldon *Sellers *Senegal *Session *Sessoms *Settles *Sevier *Seward *Sewell *Sewer *Sexton *Seymore *Shabazz *Shackleford *Shands *Shanklin *Shanks *Shannon *Sharp *Sharpe *Sharpton *Shavers *Shealey *Sheard *Shears *Sheffield *Shegog *Shelby *Shelton *Shelvin *Shepard *Shephard *Shepherd *Sheppard *Sherman *Sherrod *Shields *Shine *Shipp *Shivers *Shoecraft *Shoemaker *Sholar *Short *Shorter *Shorts *Shoto *Shoulders *Showers *Shropshire *Shufford *Shuford *Shuler *Shumpert *Sias *Sidberry *Sier *Sigg *Silas *Silver *Simien *Simmon *Simms *Simon *Simpkins *Sinclair *Sinegal *Singletary *Sinkfield *Sinquefield *Sinnamon *Siplin *Sipp *Sisco *Sistrunk *Sivels *Skinner *Skipper *Slade *Slappy *Slater *Slaton *Slaughter *Slaxton *Slay *Sledge *Sloan *Sloat *Smack *Small *Smalls *Smallwood *Smart *Smaw *Smiley *Smoot *Smothers *Snead *Sneed *Snelling *Snipes *Snowden *Socia *Soleleather *Solomon *Somana *Sorrell *Southall *Sowell *Spann *Sparks *Sparrow *Spates *Speaks *Spearman *Spears *Speed *Speers *Speight *Speights *Speller *Spellman *Spells *Spelman *Spence *Spikes *Spiller *Spinks *Spinner *Spivey *Spradley *Spraggins *Spratley *Spratt *Spriddle *Spriggs *Springfield *Springs *Spruce *Spruill *Spurlock *Square *Squire *Stackhouse *Stafford *Staggers *Stalling *Stallings *Stallworth *Stampley *Stamps *Stanback *Stancil *Standberry *Standifer *Stanford *Stanley *Stanton *Staples *Stapleton *Starks *Starling *Staten *Staton *Steele *Stennis *Stenson *Stephenson *Stepney *Steptoe *Sterling *Stevens *Steverson *Steward *Stigger *Stiggers *Stills *Stinson *Stirgus *Stith *Stockard *Stokes *Stone *Stoner *Stoudemire *Stoudmire *Stovall *Stover *Stowers *Straughter *Streater *Stredick *Stredit *Street *Streeter *Stribling *Strickland *Stricklen *Stricklin *Stringer *Stringfellow *Stringfield *Stroman *Strong *Strother *Stroud *Strozier *Stubblefield *Stubbs *Stuckey *Stukes *Sturdivant *Sturgis *Styles *Suber *Suggs *Sullivan *Sumbry *Sumler *Sumlin *Summers *Summerville *Sumpter *Sumrell *Sumter *Sunket *Surginer *Surles *Surratt *Surrency *Sutphin *Sutton *Swain *Swan *Swanigan *Swann *Swayzer *Sweat *Sweeney *Sweetin *Swinson *Swint *Swinton *Sydnor *Sylve *Sylvester *Symons *Tabb *Taborn *Tabron *Tademy *Tait *Talbert *Talbot *Taliaferro *Talley *Talton *Tanksley *Tankson *Tann *Tanner *Taplin *Tarpley *Tart *Tarver *Tasby *Tatum *Teague *Teamer *Teasley *Tellis *Tennessee *Terrell *Tezeno *Thames *Tharpe *Thaxton *Thigpen *Thompkins *Thorpe *Thrash *Threadgil *Threadgill *Threats *Threatt *Thrower *Thurman *Thurmond *Tibbs *Tidwell *Tiggs *Tigner *Tilghman *Tillery *Tillis *Tillman *Tillmon *Timber *Timberlake *Timmons *Tims *Tindal *Tinsley *Tisby *Tisdale *Todd *Tolbert *Tolefree *Toles *Toliver *Tolliver *Tolson *Toney *Tookes *Tooks *Toombs *Toomer *Tootle *Torain *Torrence *Toulson *Tousant *Toussaint *Townes *Towns *Townsel *Townsend *Toyer *Trammell *Travis *Trawick *Traylor *Treadwell *Tribble *Trice *Triggs *Triplett *Trotter *Troupe *Truesdale *Truitt *Truss *Truth *Tubbs *Tubman *Tuggle *Tukes *Tunstall *Turman *Turnage *Turnipseed *Tutson *Tutt *Twitty *Twyman *Tyler *Tyner *Tyre *Tyson *Tyus *Uddyback *Underdue *Underwood *Upshaw *Upshur *Urquhart *Usher *Utsey *Uzzell *Vaden *Vail *Valentine *Vance *Vann *Varnado *Varnedore *Vassall *Vasser *Vaughan *Vaughn *Vaughns *Veal *Veasley *Vena *Venable *Veney *Venie *Venson *Vereen *Verrett *Verty *Vickory *Victorian *Viers *Vincent *Vinson *Viser *Waddy *Wadley *Wafer *Waiters *Waites *Walden *Waldon *Walkins *Wall *Waller *Walls *Walston *Walters *Wanzo *Warburton *Wardlaw *Wardlow *Ware *Warfield *Waring *Warner *Warr *Warrick *Wash *Washington *Waters *Watford *Watley *Weary *Weathers *Weathersby *Weatherspoon *Weaver *Webster *Weddington *Weeden *Weekley *Weeks *Weems *Welch *Welcome *Wesley *Wesson *Westbrook *Westbrooks *Westley *Weston *Westry *Whack *Wharton *Whatley *Wheatley *Wheeler *Whetstone *Whidbee *Whigham *Whistler *Whitaker *Whitehead *Whitehurst *Whitelow *Whiten *Whiters *Whiteside *Whitfield *Whiting *Whitley *Whitlow *Whitney *Whitsett *Whitted *Wholey *Whye *Wicks *Wideman *Wigfall *Wiggins *Wiggs *Wilbert *Wilbon *Wilborn *Wilbourn *Wilburn *Wilcher *Wilcox *Wilder *Wilford *Wilkerson *Wilkes *Wilkins *Wilkinson *Wilks *William *Williamson *Willie *Willingham *Wills *Wilmore *Wilridge *Wiltshire *Wiltz *Wimberly *Wimbish *Wimbley *Wimbush *Wimes *Winborn *Winbush *Windham *Winder *Windley *Windom *Winfield *Winfrey *Wingate *Wingfield *Wingo *Winkfield *Winn *Winns *Winslow *Winston *Winters *Wise *Witcher *Withers *Witherspoon *Wofford *Wolf *Womack *Womble *Wongus *Wood *Woodard *Woodberry *Wooden *Woodfork *Woodhouse *Woodland *Woodley *Woodson *Woolfolk *Woolfork *Woolridge *Woosley *Wooten *Word *Wordlaw *Works *Wormley *Worrell *Worsley *Wortham *Worthy *Woulard *Wrice *Wyatt *Wyche *Wynn *Wysinger *Yancey *Yancy *Yarber *Yarborough *Yarbrough *Yates *Yearby *Yeldell *Yelder *Yelverton *Youngblood *Younger *Zachary *Zachery *Zackery *Zanders *Zeigler *Zeno *Zinnerman *Zollicoffer {{Subject|Writing Adolescent Fiction}} kk0iis95lzfm9a4dgeaak0838r8vzh7 User talk:MarcGarver 3 179242 4442388 4425128 2024-10-24T19:00:38Z Виктор Пинчук 3291001 /* Basics of fine-art photography */ new section 4442388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{bottom}}}|yes |{{tmbox |small = |image = none |style = text-align:center; |text = '''Please place new discussions at the bottom of the page.''' }} }}{{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|1|0}}*{{#ifeq:|yes|1|0}}| <table style="text-align:center; border: 1px solid #000000; border-bottom: none; background-color:#FFFFF3"> <tr> <th style="font-size: 85%">This is a <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span></span> [[WB:TALK|user discussion page]]. This is not a textbook or the discussion page for a textbook. If you find this page on any site other than <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span>,</span> you are viewing a mirror site. Be aware that the page may be outdated, and that the user this page belongs to may have no personal affiliation with any site other than <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span></span> itself. The original page is located at <span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;">[http://en.wiki<!---->books.org/wiki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}} <span>http://en.wiki</span><!----><span>books.org/wi</span><span>ki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</span>].</span> </th></tr></table> }} <table {{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|1|0}}*{{#ifeq:|yes|1|0}} |width="100%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 0px" |class="tmbox tmbox-notice plainlinks" id="talkheader" style="width: 80%; border-collapse: separate" }} ><tr> <th colspan=4 style="border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c090; width: 100%">{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|This is [[{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]'s [[WB:DISCUSS|discussion page]], where you can send messages and comments to {{PAGENAME}}.|This is the [[WB:DISCUSS|discussion page]] for discussing {{#if:|[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] and anything related to its purposes and tasks|improvements to the [[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{pagetype}}}}.}}</th> </tr><tr> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid #c0c090">{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}||*'''This is not a forum for general discussion of the page's subject.'''}} * '''Put new text under old text.''' 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[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|Ask questions, get answers]]. </td><td> * [[Wikibooks:Be civil|Be polite]] * [[Wikibooks:Assume good faith|Assume good faith]] * [[Wikibooks:No personal attacks|Avoid personal attacks]] * [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers|Be welcoming]] {{#switch:yes||{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}|no|yes}}=<td style="border-left: 1px solid #c0c090"><center> ; Textbook policies: </center> * [[Wikibooks:Original research|No original research]] * [[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view]] * [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks|Stay in scope]] </td> }}{{#if:|<td>{{shortcut||||| }}</td>}} </tr> {{#if:||{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive 1| <tr><td colspan=4 style="text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px">'''[[WB:ARCHIVE|Archives]]:''' {{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive index|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive index|Index]],&#32;}}{{Archive list|nobr=yes|root={{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</td> </tr> }} }} {{#if:| <tr><td colspan=4 style="text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 0"><inputbox> type=fulltext prefix={{#tag:nowiki|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/}} searchbuttonlabel=Search archives break=no </inputbox></td> </tr> }} </table> == Transwiki categories == Regarding your [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Log?logid=4853293 deletion summary]: Should such categories just be removed from the transwiki pages? That would also clean up [[Special:WantedCategories]]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 12:38, 2 January 2021 (UTC) :{{Ping|1234qwer1234qwer4}} Yes, I agree with that. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 16:43, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :: I did some cleanup. As this is a task that will have to be done over and over again as new transwikis are imported, this might be a good task for a bot. @[[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] Could you add a task to automatically remove categories from pages in the Transwiki: namespace (108)? [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 16:07, 4 March 2021 (UTC) ::: Hello, I rather think that it's a human job to treat the transwiki pages instead of decorating them outside of the books (and maybe forget them a little more). [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 20:36, 4 March 2021 (UTC) == Need for additional sysops == Hi, I'm part of the SWMT (Small Wiki Monitoring Team), and I see you have active editors. You do not have many active admins (6), so I was wondering if you were in need of assistance on-wiki. If so, please do tell me, and I'll be happy to help. If you are in need of additional sysops, I can get those as well, or I am happy to help out myself. You can email me at this [[Special:EmailUser/BlackWidowMovie0|link]], reach me on IRC at <code>#wikimedia-stewards</code>, and on Discord at <code>BlackWidowMovie0#8377</code>. [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 20:11, 22 January 2021 (UTC) * User is cross-wiki hatcollector and sockpuppeteer; see, for example, [[testwiki:Wikipedia:Requests/Permissions/BlackWidowMovie0]]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 20:18, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :Incorrect, I socked on enwiki, and am moving on. I had a genuine need for the testwiki perms, which were denied. So.....hatcollector: '''X'''. Sockpupeteer: '''X'''. [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 20:27, 22 January 2021 (UTC) The usual criteria apply for administrators here - tenure, many productive contributions and an understanding of the unique nature of Wikibooks. This is a global Sysop project so I'd recommend you pursue that route. Getting administration rights here would likely take you at least a year or two of extensive editing, not just vandal reverting. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 20:31, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :{{u|QuiteUnusual}}, Thank you for the advice! If you ever need anything, don't hesitate to reach out. Thanks! [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 16:05, 23 January 2021 (UTC) == CheckUser == Hi, can you run a CheckUser on the account [[User:Seckends]]? They have very similar editing patterns to an IP that I've blocked for creating nonsensical pages. Thanks in advance. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 19:36, 31 January 2021 (UTC) Looks like a duck. Blocked [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 19:50, 31 January 2021 (UTC) == "Mermaid" CheckUser == Can you run a CheckUser on the following sets of accounts: * [[User:MermaidWhoCodes1912]] * [[User:Mermaid2602]] * [[User:MermaidWhoCodes]] * [[User:NFP02]] They are creating copyvio material (remember the C++ Wikibooks book they tried to create? Turns out that they're copying it from various sources), and repeatedly creating accounts despite my blocking. It would be helpful if you could block the underlying IP range. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 12:01, 3 February 2021 (UTC) :You got all of the accounts and autoblock is now in effect for the underlying IP addresses, so that should stop the problem. I'll keep an eye on it. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 12:57, 3 February 2021 (UTC) == Thank you for the assist == Thank you for pointing out how using the word "Shambles" was inappropriate on [[US History/Biden]]. I think I let my own personal experience in the pandemic color my writing, and I apologize for that. I will do better to remain neutral while editing. Thank you again, and apologies for my slip. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:08, 3 February 2021 (UTC) == Blocking using abusefilter == Any way we can get that to work (it seems to be absent here, unlike mediawiki)? Or do I need to file a Phabricator task? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 09:39, 4 February 2021 (UTC) :{{Ping|Leaderboard}} - a Phab task is required. Block is disabled by default on all wikis, then enabled by request on a small number. To enable it needs $wgAbuseFilterActions['block'] = true; added to the enwikibooks configuration section of abusefilter.php. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 10:43, 4 February 2021 (UTC) :I'll do it then, it's kind of urgent due to the chess spam. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 10:45, 4 February 2021 (UTC) == [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikimedia-l Wikimedia-1] == I can't seem to post anything there, so can you do that for me? I want to post about [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Proposals#Start_allowing_game_strategies]] because I think that this proposal will have wide-ranging changes to the entire Wikimedia community if passed, and hence want to get more consensus if possible. Thanks in advance. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:26, 14 February 2021 (UTC) == File:DUN config 1.png == I am not sure what you mean; it looks fine to me, with the Microsoft licensing template added...? Plus the rationale seems valid, and is no different to the fair-use images I've uploaded from Microsoft. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:53, 22 February 2021 (UTC) : I've undeleted one of them (Animated_paperclip.png); it's not "replaceable" as you claimed, because the context is not about the paperclip, but about the software that employed the paperclip, and is an example of poor usability. I might be misunderstanding something from a Wikibooks point of view however. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:59, 22 February 2021 (UTC) ::Fair Use would mean, in this context, that nothing else could be used to illustrate bad usability - including properly licensed content. That is, you would have to be discussing very specifically ONLY Microsoft poor usability and which is not what the book is about. E.g., I can't use a copyright picture from a bad movie to illustrate a book about bad movies in general. It would have to be both specifically about that movie, be absolutely necessary to illustrate why the movie was bad, etc. I think you have crossed a bright line on copyright to include it. Personally I think our EDP is legally questionable and is not rigid enough per the requirements the [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy Foundation lays down]. E.g., the [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free content|Wikipedia]] one is extensive and precise and I don't think the stuff I deleted would comply with their policy. Ours is about [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights#Non-free_materials_and_special_requirements three lines of text]. That however is a different issue. Probably worth a discussion in one of the Reading Rooms rather than wheel warring over it. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:18, 22 February 2021 (UTC) :::I hate the organisation of material here. So the actual policy is at [[Wikibooks:Media]]. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:27, 22 February 2021 (UTC) ::::I can see where you're coming from, but the paperclip image is a very good example. Is it worth using an inferior image that would not convey the idea as well for the sake of ensuring free use? A similar example can be given for the network images that you deleted. (As for the EDP, that's something we can consider for the proposals section) [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:45, 22 February 2021 (UTC) :::::You're as qualified as me to decide. If you think it is in line with the policy, then go ahead and use it. I was actually getting round to reviewing all the unreviewed Files here (having cleared the pending changes backlog) rather than specifically targeting particular images, and these ones looked out of line with the policy - most of the changes I made were to ones with no license or FU criteria. Happy to go with your opinion rather than mine on these specific ones. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:52, 22 February 2021 (UTC) == LTA == If you're already revdelling (which I don't know if it is necessary), you should also delete https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=4929610. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 21:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC) : {{re|1234qwer1234qwer4}}, I undid the initial revdel (which I think was due to a concern of a user accidentally posting their IP), not sure what exactly you want us to delete (or revdel?). [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 21:11, 2 March 2021 (UTC) :: Right, didn't see this. Thanks! [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 21:12, 2 March 2021 (UTC) I started the revdel because I was going to CU the account and if I needed to subsequently warn them then I would be linking their account to an IP which is strongly discouraged. It became unnecessary when it became obvious that it's was the same user logged out and an LTA. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 22:00, 2 March 2021 (UTC) == Archiving == Hi, would you mind removing an Amazon link from a comment you wrote and helping automated archiving? [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:Reading_room/Assistance&diff=3471734&oldid=3471614] It looks like the link prevents [[User:ArchiverBot|my bot]] from archiving the surrounding text because doing so will trigger [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. [https://archiving.toolforge.org/logs/run_enwb.txt.2021-01-14] A quick solution would be to [[mw:Help:Formatting#Text_formatting_markunp|nowiki]]-fy the external link. A similar situation [https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%A3%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%B0&oldid=prev&diff=80275294 happened at ja.wikipedia] and the same fix worked. [[User:Whym|Whym]] ([[User talk:Whym|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Whym|contribs]]) 10:51, 5 March 2021 (UTC) :I'll just refactor it and remove the link. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 10:55, 5 March 2021 (UTC) ::Thanks, I think the bot works as expected now. [[User:Whym|Whym]] ([[User talk:Whym|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Whym|contribs]]) 11:10, 5 March 2021 (UTC) == Air Safety Book.. == Not sure if you were focusing solely on 'mechanical' and human factors analysis, but I will note that the shift to 'fly-by-wire' systems, Airbus and Boeing being among the first to implement it in civil aviation, changed the risk profile. The earliest mention of fly-by-wire systems I can find in "The RISKS Digest" is in 1985. You are presumably aware of the issue with certain Boeing planes ( https://www.aviationlawmonitor.com/2019/03/accident-investigation-1/the-boeing-737-max-8-controversy-explained/ ) in the last few years? (which was partly software related.) [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 10:00, 2 April 2021 (UTC) :The extent of the content is likely to be linked to the causes of air safety incidents, so would include software, electronic, electromechanical, human, procedural and other failures. In real life I am, amongst other things, a human behaviour and a critical systems safety specialist, so these are likely to be the area of higher focus. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 09:51, 6 April 2021 (UTC) == [[Types of Electric Circuit]] == Hello sir. I have created a page that name is [[Types of Electric Circuit]]. But no one doesn't reviewed that page. So please check it's quality. Thank you [[User:Tanbirzx|Tanbirzx]] ([[User talk:Tanbirzx|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tanbirzx|contribs]]) 14:55, 8 April 2021 (UTC) :We talked about this in 2019 briefly. We don't have separate pages like this at Wikibooks, instead we have textbooks. Your page needs integrating into a book - until it is, it won't be quality reviewed. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 15:46, 8 April 2021 (UTC) == [[Poem of Sidi Boushaki]] == Hello [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]], Thank you for the interest you have shown in the article on the [[Poem of Sidi Boushaki]] which is one of the most studied [[Arabic grammar]] texts in the world, and of which several exegeses and comments have been published. I hope you will help me improve the presentation of the text in accordance with Wikibooks standards. Cordially. --[[User:Lofton05|Lofton05]] ([[User talk:Lofton05|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lofton05|contribs]]) 10:14, 19 April 2021 (UTC) :The main point is if this is just an article, or just a source text, then it is out of scope. If you are writing a book that explains the poem, or an annotation to the text, then that's fine. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 11:38, 19 April 2021 (UTC) == Some doubts == Hello, This might not be the right place to ask but I could not find any village pump like page here to communicate my doubts. So, I went on to check the Admins here and reached you. I am new here. But, I know somewhat about Wikipedia. I read some of the policies page here and I am still not sure whether we can add already published books here? Or, we are supposed to write new books only? I sent an Email also that I found from the Contact us page but got no reply. I am also confused about what will make any difference in the contents of Wikiversity and Wikibooks. Thanks in advane. And, sorry if I made a wrong move to ask you here. [[User:Lightbluerain|Lightbluerain]] ([[User talk:Lightbluerain|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lightbluerain|contribs]]) 18:04, 11 May 2021 (UTC) An already published book if it was open source would go to Wikisource, not here. Wikibooks is for writing new books [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 19:21, 11 May 2021 (UTC) :Alright. [[User:Lightbluerain|Lightbluerain]] ([[User talk:Lightbluerain|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lightbluerain|contribs]]) 03:22, 12 May 2021 (UTC) == Neutrality on a wikibooks page == Ok, I joined sometime last night/SUPER early this morning right. Ive been a wikipedia member for awile but anyways I was on pokemon fandom and started noticing multiple mistakes so I started fixing them and i ultimately ended up here. Well more accurately (wikibooks) and noticed someone had flagged a topic I was interested in for the hour and I didn't know who to tell as to working on fixing the "problem" if any at all? Lol Apologies in advance if I explain in too much detail [[User:BeatnikSnail|BeatnikSnail]] ([[User talk:BeatnikSnail|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BeatnikSnail|contribs]]) 09:10, 12 May 2021 (UTC) :I'm not sure I understand the question you are asking. If you are asking "can I fix or problem, or do I need to tell someone first?", then the answer is you can just fix it. As a new editor, your edits will likely be reviewed by more experienced editors who will check you haven't made any mistakes which can happen as the Wiki editor isn't the easiest to use. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 14:32, 13 May 2021 (UTC) == CU request == Can you run CheckUser on [[User:MarvinMarie90]]? Seeing different accounts post identical spam, and hence think a rangeblock on the underlying IPs would be needed. P.S: do you think I should run for CheckUser, given that Xania is inactive? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 20:18, 16 May 2021 (UTC) : Unfortunately there's no common range. Feel free to run for CU. It may take a while to get the required 25 votes but theres no problem with the request staying open as long as necessary. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 21:12, 16 May 2021 (UTC) ::Do you think that it should be added to the sitenotice? Seems to be practice for past CU nominations but not sure if it's right here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:59, 30 May 2021 (UTC) :::You can add a sitenotice if you want. It'll probably help. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 07:51, 2 June 2021 (UTC) ::::Would it be OK to politely nudge those that are active (and that I interact with) but haven't voted? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:12, 14 July 2021 (UTC) :::::I would think so. We don't have the same focus on canvasing as at Wikipedia, but you should avoid appearing to badger people to support you. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:19, 14 July 2021 (UTC) == YGM == Kindly take a look at your email. Thanks. --[[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Minorax|contribs]]) 05:39, 26 May 2021 (UTC) :I did thanks and that's what led to my note on the talk page of the editor in question. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:23, 26 May 2021 (UTC) ::Seems like the editor doesn't want to address the issue that led to the global lock. --[[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Minorax|contribs]]) 15:41, 27 May 2021 (UTC) == Literature and reading guides on Wikibooks == Can Wikibooks be used for books about literature such as compendiums of synopses and reading guides?--[[User:Darrelljon|Darrelljon]] ([[User talk:Darrelljon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Darrelljon|contribs]]) 14:00, 28 May 2021 (UTC) :things like a parallel text of reading guide are permitted, but I wouldn't expect to see one in Wikijunior as this is an unlikely audience for such a book. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 14:44, 28 May 2021 (UTC) == Invitation for Functionary consultation 2021 == Greetings, I'm letting you know in advance about a meeting I'd like to invite you to regarding the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] and the community's ownership of its future enforcement. I'm still in the process of putting together the details, but I wanted to share the date with you: 27 June, 2021. I do not have a time on this date yet, but I will let you soon. We have created a [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Functionary consultations/June and July 2021|meta page]] with basic information. Please take a look at the meta page and sign up your name under the appropriate section. Thank you for your time.--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] 15:06, 2 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/UCoC_Group&oldid=21533343 --> == Regarding Subject: namespace and its pages == Hello, I am from Hindi Wikibooks (hiwikibooks) where I am trying to manage cataloguing. We have nearly all our templates imported from enwikibooks and follow the same structure. I'm just curious about the future of this "Subject:" namespace here on English Wikibooks. Because, we, at Hindi project, still have a very few pages in this namespace, created following the practice here. But we have a lot of (comparable to our no. of pages) redlinks there yet to be created (and someone may create them accidentality in belief that they are actually needed, as I have done it myself). I just want to ask if they are worth creating. If not, we can stop their creation (still being a NEW and small wikiproject). Please suggest. --[[User:SM7|SM7]] ([[User talk:SM7|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SM7|contribs]]) 05:40, 16 June 2021 (UTC) :We use them, and intend to continue using them, to group together books on a similar subject. If you only have a few books, you probably don't need them [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:54, 16 June 2021 (UTC) == Android 2113853211 == Created on 1 Apr 2021, Android 2113853211 mostly edits on simple English Wikipedia. However, Android 2113853211 was globally locked after 42 days and 800 edits. Android 2113853211 was not blocked here until 14 days after being globally locked, despite Android 2113853211 not editing here. [[Special:Contributions/79.67.17.238|79.67.17.238]] ([[User talk:79.67.17.238|discuss]]) 15:21, 23 June 2021 (UTC) :The blocking is performed to block the underlying IP address which a global lock does not do. The account was blocked here as it was a sockpuppet of another user. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 15:27, 23 June 2021 (UTC) == importer permissions == Hi, I wanted to ask you something. So I realize that as an admin, I can add myself to a few user groups, one of them being importer. I'm being very careful with my administrative responsibilities and always ask first before trying something new. I've used the import tool a number of times (mainly for Wikipedia and StrategyWiki under the [[Wikibooks:Importers]] guidelines). So basically, seeing as you promoted me to temporary admin, I wanted to ask if I have permission to promote myself to importer, as I can forsee myself using import, even after three months, to transwiki some Wikipedia articles (e.g. [[Mario_franchise_strategy_guide/Enemies/Bob-omb]] -- its page history was deleted but provided to me by a Wikipedia admin upon request; more info on the guide's [[Talk:Mario franchise strategy guide|talk page]]) for the video game strategy guide wikibooks here. At the same time I feel I need to make an effort to try and be more original with my writing on some of the existing wikibook pages. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:10, 1 July 2021 (UTC) :no you shouldn't give yourself permissions, as that's not what the community approved when giving you temporary admin rights. However, the admin rights includes importing and I think using this right would be acceptable to the community. If you want importer after your temp admin expires, you should request it at RFP. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:00, 2 July 2021 (UTC) ::Makes sense, thank you [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 13:32, 3 July 2021 (UTC) == Radiation Oncology == Who are those IPv6 editors there? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:59, 20 July 2021 (UTC) :Does https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:AbuseFilter/69 look OK to you? Equivalent to semi-protecting the entire book. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:34, 20 July 2021 (UTC) ::{{Ping|Leaderboard}} Yes, I was just fiddling around trying to do the same thing a different way. But yours looks okay [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 11:36, 20 July 2021 (UTC) == [[Special:Contributions/WilsonD055]] == Hello, you might want to globally lock and perform a sleeper check. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 18:09, 27 July 2021 (UTC) :The editor was hopping IPs every 2 minutes... no sleepers on any of them but it is hardly definitive as they are clearly able to move around quickly. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 07:52, 28 July 2021 (UTC) :: Thanks. I am pretty sure that this is not an "editor" in the strict sense by the way, since their userpage had the pattern of the ntsamr spambot. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:18, 28 July 2021 (UTC) == en.wiki troll has taken up residence here == (tried to post at Admin Assistance, but that's semi'd. Have to admit, it's hard for a non-autoconfirmed user to know where to ask for help. Probably true for en.wiki too, of course... Anyway, luckily I recognized your name and you seem active). Just got notified of this editor leaving me a message: [[Special:Contributions/TwilightSparkleCuddleBear453]]. Compare to this en.wiki troll, blocked by me a few days ago (no URL because your edit filter thinks I'm spamming you; this is '''on en.wiki''') User_talk:Twilight_Sparkle_222#I_am_blocked. An en.wiki CU said there is previous abuse on multiple accounts. I can solve my problem by turning off cross-wiki notifications. But just FYI, they're likely going to be a timesink for you folks too, unless you block and maybe CU them. Don't get tricked into thinking they are a new user making newbie mistakes (like, for example, posting to Misza13's talk page). --[[User:Floquenbeam|Floquenbeam]] ([[User talk:Floquenbeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Floquenbeam|contribs]]) 21:58, 3 September 2021 (UTC) : Thanks for the warning. There's something odd about the account. Will look more later as I need to put my Steward hat on and delve into the details. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 23:26, 3 September 2021 (UTC) == Thanks == Hi, how are you doing? Just saw your comment on my page. I was a bit confused myself and just chose to ignore the message. The part beneath it ''This survey is primarily meant to get feedback....'' also confused me a bit though i realise that it was originally part of another message.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 09:48, 8 September 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|Xania}} Yes I'm good, hope you're keeping well. The editor had created a bunch of "rules" he was trying to enforce on the book so I assume it was somehow related to that. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 09:52, 8 September 2021 (UTC) == Thanks! == Thanks! [[Special:Contributions/96.18.219.55|96.18.219.55]] ([[User talk:96.18.219.55|discuss]]) 16:38, 28 October 2021 (UTC) == Restoring a deleted page == Dear QuiteUnusual, you have recently deleted a page: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anorgaaniline_Keemia/Atmosfääri_osakesed It is not spam. Please help me restore the content and move it to a proper place at Estonian wikibooks. By mistake the author entered "en" instead of "et". Me and my student would be very grateful for your assistance as we are not so proficient with wikibooks. --Vladislav Ivaništšev 19:43, 3 December 2021 (UTC) {{unsigned|Olunet}} == More Bureaucrats == You appear to be the only bureaucrat on the English Wikibooks, so can you promote me and 3 other users to bureaucrats because I am experienced have never breached any Wikibooks policy. [[User:Faster than Thunder|Faster than Thunder]] ([[User talk:Faster than Thunder|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Faster than Thunder|contribs]]) 01:09, 20 December 2021 (UTC) No I can't. You need to be elected by the community. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 01:22, 20 December 2021 (UTC) == Misconduct == Thank you for destroying the work of hours within 5 minutes! There is nothing left than to report you. --[[User:Platonykiss|Platonykiss]] ([[User talk:Platonykiss|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Platonykiss|contribs]]) 15:20, 22 December 2021 (UTC) :Actually what would be more helpful is for you to provide a link to the original source, so that you can comply with the site license and not publish a copyright violation. Then the work can be restored. As you are clearly copying someone else's work they probably think yours is the misconduct. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 18:58, 22 December 2021 (UTC) == Please see.......... == .....my follow up question at Discussion.--[[User:Buddpaul|Buddpaul]] ([[User talk:Buddpaul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Buddpaul|contribs]]) 18:08, 30 December 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> 18:14, 4 January 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(3)&oldid=22532499 --> == Deleted pages == Hi, I recently got into deleted works of fiction. I understand that they are out of scope and don’t request to revive them. However, some of them are interesting and I would like to read them. Could you please email me the content of [[A Fiction Story About Free Fall: The 22 Million Mile Tower]], [[The Router That Got Away Lyrics]], [[Least Defensive Starter Pokémon]], [[September 2020 masculine names disaster]], [[Backpack Bear Introduces The Computer]], and [[Natural science and technology teacher's guide]]? <br>Also, while searching in the deletion log I have found strategy guides that were deleted back when they were out of scope that are yet to be revived. Here they are: [[Loving an unpopular Pokémon vs loving an unpopular name]], [[How to calculate the HP range for a species of Pokémon]], [[Effective stats]], and [[Pokémon Level 30]]. <br>Sorry for the very long message and thanks in advance, -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] <span style="color:purple;">From Middle English Wikipedia</span> 📜📖💻 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 13:30, 28 January 2022 (UTC) :Never mind. I will request in requests for undeletion. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] <span style="color:purple;">From Middle English Wikipedia</span> 📜📖💻 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 14:23, 29 January 2022 (UTC) == List of Unreviewed pages == Hello, I want to know that these pages ([[Wikijunior:Life]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland|Countries A-Z/Poland]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal|Portugal]]) and may be more pages are not reviewed but I can't find these pages in List of [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUnreviewedPages&namespace=110&category= Unreviewed pages]. Why? [[User:Zsohl|<span style="font-family:'Trebuchet MS'; color:#217d00;font-size:16px">'''Z'''sohl </span>]] <sup style="font-family:Trebuchet MS; color:#9971DA;font-size:12px">[[User talk:Zsohl| (discuss]]•[[Special:Contributions/Zsohl|contribs)]]</sup> 16:00, 3 February 2022 (UTC) :{{Ping|Zsohl}} The list of unreviewed pages lists pages that have '''never''' been reviewed. If they have been reviewed, but have changes that have not been reviewed, they are listed at [[Special:PendingChanges]]. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:50, 3 February 2022 (UTC) ::@[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]: Thanks for reply. But these pages are never been reviewed ( [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland|Countries A-Z/Poland]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal|Portugal]]). What about these? [[User:Zsohl|<span style="font-family:'Trebuchet MS'; color:#217d00;font-size:16px">'''Z'''sohl </span>]] <sup style="font-family:Trebuchet MS; color:#9971DA;font-size:12px">[[User talk:Zsohl| (discuss]]•[[Special:Contributions/Zsohl|contribs)]]</sup> 16:56, 3 February 2022 (UTC) :::Looks like a bug. If you look at [[Special:ValidationStatistics]] you can see 53 are unreviewed, but they don't appear on the list of unreviewed pages. While the unreviewed pages is cached it is updated as of 1 Feb so that can't be the cause. I'll need to raise a bug on Phabricator. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:51, 4 February 2022 (UTC) == == Hi ,[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] you had deleted page Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Documents_on_the_Persian_Gulf%27s_name] mentioned (Source texts belong at Wikisource. I would like to translate the book from its original text of persian wiki books not in detail but in short . specially parts that explain about the the roots of the names of Iran- Oman sea- Indian ocean erythraen sea, Arabian sea and ... would you please advise me about. --[[User:Cultural sec|Cultural sec]] ([[User talk:Cultural sec|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cultural sec|contribs]]) 08:32, 4 May 2022 (UTC) :A translation is also a source text. An annotated text is acceptable. In this case you should request an [[WB:RFI|import]] of the original text. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:52, 4 May 2022 (UTC) == Permission for [[Saint Michael: Early Anglo-Saxon Tradition]] == This has been submitted as [[Ticket:2022022210010563]]. It looks like you don't have access to permissions, so I can move it back to sister-projects if you'd like to take it over. Otherwise we can take a look at it in permissions and get back to you about it. Whichever you'd prefer. [[User:VernoWhitney|VernoWhitney]] ([[User talk:VernoWhitney|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VernoWhitney|contribs]]) 19:28, 5 May 2022 (UTC) :{{ping|VernoWhitney}} I'm more than happy for you to look at it in permissions. I had a quick look and I don't see clear evidence that the person who sent it is related to the estate, or the copyright holder, but I'm not an expert. Thanks. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 13:21, 9 May 2022 (UTC) ::I went through the VRT help pages for additional guidance and am inclined to approve it and have noted my reasoning in the Ticket. Unless you disagree I'll let you tag the book (or whatever you do to notate permission here on wikibooks) and then I'll reply. [[User:VernoWhitney|VernoWhitney]] ([[User talk:VernoWhitney|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VernoWhitney|contribs]]) 15:27, 9 May 2022 (UTC) ::::{{ping|VernoWhitney}} Thanks, your reasoning looks sound. I have tagged the page. Appreciate your work on this - regards. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:34, 10 May 2022 (UTC) == Double redirect protected == See [[User:QU~enwikibooks]] and talkpage. Please fix to help clear out [[Special:DoubleRedirects]] <sub> [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:orange">L10nM4st3r</span>]]/[[User_talk:L10nM4st3r|<span tyle="color:#fed8b1">Roar at me</span>]]</sub> 15:06, 1 July 2022 (UTC) :Thanks, done. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:59, 5 July 2022 (UTC) == Plasma Fusion Preface == Hi! I wonder what you think of "my" book? I will not do anything more to it, you are free to edit as you like but I am quite satisfied with the book as it is. [[User:Knoppson|Knoppson]] ([[User talk:Knoppson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Knoppson|contribs]]) 16:32, 4 July 2022 (UTC) :It's a strange name, and it isn't structured like a book - that's the structural "issue". Other than that, I have no comment on the content. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:58, 5 July 2022 (UTC) == Interlingue para principiantes == Hi, I see you left a comment in the book [[Interlingue para principiantes]] created by {{ping|Caro de Segeda}} that only books in English are accepted. I think if there’s such a thing as “Interlingue Wikibooks” it should be imported to there. If not, then I would suggest maybe moving it to the user space of the user for the time being however if the policy says to delete it after a certain amount of time (7 days?), then I think it’s fair. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 14:57, 24 July 2022 (UTC) :I checked and Interlingue Wikibooks does exist and can be found [https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal here]. I think the book should be imported. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 15:00, 24 July 2022 (UTC) ::There's no point importing it because it isn't in English. Unless the editor is going to translate it to English, it'd just be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:25, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :::Thanks for the reply. The rule that books should be written in English is valid for English Wikibooks. I assume this book is written in Interlingue therefore I suggest importing it to Interlingue Wikibooks where it will fit in perfectly. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 09:54, 25 July 2022 (UTC) ::::I think he means '''exporting''' it from here to Interlingue, not '''importing'''.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 14:08, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :::::It's already there though, at the link above... [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 14:14, 25 July 2022 (UTC) ::::::Xania is correct. I meant exporting it from English Wikibooks to Interlingue Wikibooks. I’m not sure what you mean by “it’s already there”. The link above is to the main page of Interlingue Wikibooks. I tried searching “Interlingue para principiantes” and it doesn’t appear they have a book with that title or a similar one. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 18:36, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :You don't need admin rights to Export. You may need rights on the ia project to import it - you'll need to ask there. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:27, 26 July 2022 (UTC) ::Unfortunately there hasn’t been any activity in ia.wikibooks during the last 30 days except for bots leaving messages and new account creations. Also there are no admins except the anti abuse filter and no importers. P.s. is it possible to export it and upload the xml dump to commons.wikimedia? Thanks in advance, -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 13:15, 26 July 2022 (UTC) == Admin request == In the middle of an edit, I somehow got logged out. Please can you hide my IP from [[Guide to the Godot game engine/Debugging]]. Thanks. <sup> [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:orange">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|<span tyle="color:#fed8b1">Roar at me</span>]]</sub> 11:06, 10 August 2022 (UTC) :It's done. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:09, 10 August 2022 (UTC) == [[User_talk:2603:7080:C43D:1882:A1DD:9973:EBC1:C9C1]]== This user is requesting to be unblocked. Can you take care of it if you can recall why they were blocked?--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 00:51, 16 September 2022 (UTC) == Indefinite IP blocks == Hello. Generally, IPs shouldn't be blocked indefinitely as it will be randomly assigned to different users. Kindly review [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:BlockList?wpTarget=&wpOptions%5B%5D=tempblocks&wpOptions%5B%5D=userblocks&blockType=&limit=50&wpFormIdentifier=blocklist the blocks] you made and adjust accordingly. Thanks. --[[User:Minorax|<span style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color:#69C;">Minorax</span>]]<sup>&laquo;&brvbar;[[User talk:Minorax|'''talk''']]&brvbar;&raquo;</sup> 11:36, 23 September 2022 (UTC) :They all remain appropriate. For those without talk page access, there remains CU evidence of an ongoing risk of harassment or abuse. The others can always request an unblock. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:50, 23 September 2022 (UTC) == Question about redirects == Hi @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I noticed that you [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=5089635 deleted the redirect] I created for [[Cookbook:Chili Sauce]]. I was wondering why, since it didn't match the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]]. The term "chili sauce" is likely to be searched by users, and inexperienced users may link to [[Cookbook:Chili Sauce]] when adding links to ingredient lists, so it seems only appropriate that this redirect exists. Can you clarify your reasoning for the deletion? Thanks!! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:34, 7 October 2022 (UTC) :Simple, we don't use "article" style redirects this way at Wikibooks. It's a style thing. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:33, 10 October 2022 (UTC) ::I see, thanks! Could you point me to the wikibooks style guide or community consensus that says this so that I can reference it for the future? And, should the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy%20deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]] be edited to reflect the fact that even terms likely to be searched for should not be made into redirects? Also, can you point me to the better and accepted way to account for the issue of such terms that inexperienced users are likely to search for and link to? In my editing of the cookbook I frequently run across the issue of multiple terms existing for, say, one ingredient, and it actively inhibits cohesion and comprehensibility of the cookbook when there's no way to connect all the different terms people use for the same thing. [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:49, 12 November 2022 (UTC) ::: I think that the speedy deletion reason would be "Pages with no meaningful content", as a "chilly sauce" research should show every recipes mentioning it equally (and we don't want one to have the monopoly). But as [[Cookbook:Chili Paste]] don't use this exact term, it could be interesting to add it in the wikicode (visible or not), like for SEO. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 12:15, 19 November 2022 (UTC) == Revdel == Hello, was [[Special:Redirect/logid/5091767|this]] intentional? [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:03, 21 October 2022 (UTC) : I realise now the link is not particularly helpful thanks to how MW displays the action. I'm talking about https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?action=historysubmit&type=logging&revisiondelete=1&ids[5091766]=1&ids[5091765]=1. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:06, 21 October 2022 (UTC) ::I don't understand your question fully, but if you mean did I intend to hide two entries in the deletion log, then yes I did. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:09, 21 October 2022 (UTC) ::: Even if you hid the titles because of the propagandist wording, I don't see why hiding the username was necessary... [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 14:06, 12 November 2022 (UTC) ::::Because I judged it so based on CheckUser data. I won't be providing any further information per the WMF policy. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:16, 14 November 2022 (UTC) == I replied to your deletion request... == [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Free Energy does not Exist]] -- [[User:Vinyasi|Vinyasi]] ([[User talk:Vinyasi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vinyasi|contribs]]) 16:55, 21 October 2022 (UTC) :[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance#How do I improve my wikibook, or is it impossible to improve it?]] -- [[User:Vinyasi|Vinyasi]] ([[User talk:Vinyasi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vinyasi|contribs]]) 13:42, 24 October 2022 (UTC) <blockquote>''Deletion is not inevitable. I don't see a problem with the book but maybe the person who tagged it for deletion can share their thoughts.''--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 04:29, 24 October 2022 (UTC)</blockquote> == SHB2000 == Was that person not supposed to get temporary adminship? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 15:11, 3 January 2023 (UTC) :Also, we've promoted people to temp admin with 4 supports (see 2005-Fan's request). I hence find both your responses strange. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 15:18, 3 January 2023 (UTC) ::Well, that's because it's down to my judgement - e.g., on how much weight I place on the people expressing an opinion. As for temp v's perm. They requested / discussed both. Opinions were expressed both ways and I concluded the way I did. If you don't like it you are free to request it is changed or removed, although I won't be doing it for reasons that will be clear soon. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 17:25, 3 January 2023 (UTC) == A quick hello == Hi, I was just poking around, seeing how WB was doing, seeing if anyone I knew from the old days was still around. It looks like you've had a handle change? I hope this not finds you well. [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 04:03, 15 February 2023 (UTC) :Hi, not many of the "old guard" left around and it's been a sad place (for me) since Pi zero died a few years ago... Glad to hear from you. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:24, 27 February 2023 (UTC) == Hello == Hello, I am the author of supplementary mathematics book. I came from another account, I wanted to ask if you can help me in writing the book. [[User:Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia]] ([[User talk:Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|contribs]]) 11:09, 1 April 2023 (UTC) == Help needed == Hi @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I have been encountering a user who continuously takes text from other Wiki projects (mostly Wikipedia), translates it (using an online translation tool, I'm pretty sure), and then pastes it in without attribution or linking back to the original page. I have tried on multiple occasions to tell them to stop doing this since it goes [[Help:Importing|against policy]] and disrupts the chain of attribution, but they either don't understand or are being willfully ignorant. Do you have any advice for me here? I'm uncomfortable with letting this continue. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:52, 23 June 2023 (UTC) :See [[Supplementary mathematics/Torus]] for the latest example post-warnings. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 23 June 2023 (UTC) ::If it looks like a copyvio, delete it immediately, then block. Keep extending the block each time... I'm afraid we've had this before (there was an infamous IP editor who came here each year after their blocked expired and would set off copy / pasting from other Wiki sites until i blocked him. Went on for 7 years). They'll either learn, or end up blocked indef. That's unfortunate but there's no excuse for continuous copyright / attribution breaking (which is also a copyright violation). [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 18:05, 23 June 2023 (UTC) :::Got it—thanks for the help! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:27, 24 June 2023 (UTC) :::@MarcGarver........ You are disgusting....You fool.Do you know how angry I am?😠. Firstly Why did you delete my page?You know what,You can block me and my account.You ruined my day [[User:Symbol Mosieleng|Symbol Mosieleng]] ([[User talk:Symbol Mosieleng|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Symbol Mosieleng|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 July 2023 (UTC) == Please help with Folkstyle Wrestling/Advanced Wrestling Strategy webpage == https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Folkstyle_Wrestling/Advanced_Wrestling_Strategy The text is NOT related to folkstyle wrestling. The text is related more to some sort of backyard style of wrestling. In folkstyle wrestling, there are weight classes and the wrestlers, except for the heavyweight wrestler, wrestle opponents their weight. While the mount might be an advanced pinning hold, it's description is not appropriate for an audience interested in amateur high school or college wrestling. I don't know how to fix this. I am a noob when it comes to editing wiki. I will only make a mess if I try. I am NOT an expert on folkstyle wrestling. Please contact an expert on the sport to get correct information for this page. I only know the information on this page is wrong and inappropriate. [[User:Ricks9001|Ricks9001]] ([[User talk:Ricks9001|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ricks9001|contribs]]) 23:11, 29 July 2023 (UTC) == [[Special:Contributions/Matthew Tameirao]] == Hello, I suspect there might be more sockpuppets looking at the recent [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Versions?action=history&limit=500 history]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 15:42, 30 July 2023 (UTC) : fyi, since [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao1225]] was blocked, [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao12]] and [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao317]] are at least very suspicious. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 23:26, 30 July 2023 (UTC) == Advice needed == Hello @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! There appears to be an individual rapidly and regularly contributing vast numbers of pages with health information, all unsourced. They edit from multiple IPs, and they don't seem to respond to messages left on the discussion page (probably has to do with changing IPs). I have a few main concerns that I'm not quite sure how to handle: * The sheer volume and rate of the contributions makes me wonder whether they are really writing all of it themselves and whether there could be a copyvio issue. I can't find any issues using copyvios.toolforge.org, but that still doesn't completely rule the issue out. * The fact that they are adding a large amount of biological/health-related information is somewhat concerning, as it seems to me like those topics should be robustly supported with at least basic sourcing. * The fact that they are editing significantly from an IP and aren't responsive to communication concerns me, since I'm not sure how to get in touch with them and engage in discussion about their contributions. Any advice would be appreciated! @[[User:Xania|Xania]] @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] @[[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] if any of you are around and have insight, it would be welcome as well. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:39, 12 September 2023 (UTC) :We have seen this before. They don't respond to talk page messages and are almost certainly copyright violating from an offline source. You don't need evidence that they are violating copyright, you just need to ask them to provide a source as the onus is on them to prove they own the material. See [[User:Chrisho952|Chrisho952]] as an example of a user I indef blocked in the end. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:48, 12 September 2023 (UTC) ::Got it, thank you. Would it be appropriate to delete the pages if they remain unsourced without response? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:26, 12 September 2023 (UTC) :::{{re|Kittycataclysm}}, yes (definitely). [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:28, 12 September 2023 (UTC) == CU Request == Hello @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! Can we get a CU on User:Mohammadkop1386? Based on activity and other factors, I'm concerned it may be a new account to evade a block. [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:51, 14 October 2023 (UTC) :There's no evidence of abuse. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 16 October 2023 (UTC) ::Okay thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:32, 16 October 2023 (UTC) == A book idea == Hi MarcGarver, How do you think I should go about creating a book meant to document the October 7th Massacre? Thanks in advance, -[[User:D1n05aur5 4ever|D1n05aur5 4ever]] ([[User talk:D1n05aur5 4ever|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/D1n05aur5 4ever|contribs]]) 17:46, 1 May 2024 (UTC) :I would start by writing one paragraph that describes what the book is about, like you would find on a dust jacket of a print book. This is what I first wrote when planning [[Castles of England]]: ::"This book is about castles in England, their development and design through the medieval period. Castles developed throughout this period in response to the changing demands placed on them. Before the beginning of the period covered, England was under threat from invaders like the Vikings, driving people to construct fortifications to protect their land and holdings. Following the Norman invasion, more powerful castles were required so that the Normans could consolidate their hold over the country. Castles continued to develop in response to more effective siege weapons and the various civil wars and conflicts. Finally, as England became more peaceful, the castle became more a comfortable home than a defensive structure, although still needing to be strong enough to defend against small roving bands of men." :By taking the time to think first about what the book is about, it helped focus my thoughts on what content to include. The next step I suggest is writing a list of chapter titles. This will flesh out your idea and place it in the right sequence. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 19:38, 1 May 2024 (UTC) == Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear Wikimedian, You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:17, 2 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list&oldid=26721206 --> == [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance#Another_user_editing_User:Jay_Bolero's_user_page]] == Hello, can I have your feedback here? CU is needed, and it is related to [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/February#Alert_about_possible_evasion_of_previous_1-week_block_at_English_Wikibooks_(CU_needed?)]] that was previously handled by you. Your assistance is always appreciated. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 07:31, 1 August 2024 (UTC) == Basics of fine-art photography == [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]], What is the problem with my textbook material? Where is the discussion of deleting pages? — [[User:Виктор Пинчук|Виктор Пинчук]] ([[User talk:Виктор Пинчук|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Виктор Пинчук|contribs]]) 19:00, 24 October 2024 (UTC) h20jsrg89agzrwpwb1l48wl8jnqh7t8 4442389 4442388 2024-10-24T19:03:17Z Виктор Пинчук 3291001 /* Basics of fine-art photography */ 4442389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{bottom}}}|yes |{{tmbox |small = |image = none |style = text-align:center; |text = '''Please place new discussions at the bottom of the page.''' }} }}{{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|1|0}}*{{#ifeq:|yes|1|0}}| <table style="text-align:center; border: 1px solid #000000; border-bottom: none; background-color:#FFFFF3"> <tr> <th style="font-size: 85%">This is a <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span></span> [[WB:TALK|user discussion page]]. This is not a textbook or the discussion page for a textbook. If you find this page on any site other than <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span>,</span> you are viewing a mirror site. Be aware that the page may be outdated, and that the user this page belongs to may have no personal affiliation with any site other than <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span></span> itself. The original page is located at <span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;">[http://en.wiki<!---->books.org/wiki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}} <span>http://en.wiki</span><!----><span>books.org/wi</span><span>ki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</span>].</span> </th></tr></table> }} <table {{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|1|0}}*{{#ifeq:|yes|1|0}} |width="100%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 0px" |class="tmbox tmbox-notice plainlinks" id="talkheader" style="width: 80%; border-collapse: separate" }} ><tr> <th colspan=4 style="border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c090; width: 100%">{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|This is [[{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]'s [[WB:DISCUSS|discussion page]], where you can send messages and comments to {{PAGENAME}}.|This is the [[WB:DISCUSS|discussion page]] for discussing {{#if:|[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] and anything related to its purposes and tasks|improvements to the [[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{pagetype}}}}.}}</th> </tr><tr> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid #c0c090">{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}||*'''This is not a forum for general discussion of the page's subject.'''}} * '''Put new text under old text.''' [{{fullurl:{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}|action=edit&section=new}} Click here to start a new topic]. * '''Please sign and date your posts''' by typing four tildes (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>). * '''New to Wikibooks?''' [[Wikibooks:Welcome|Welcome]]! [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|Ask questions, get answers]]. </td><td> * [[Wikibooks:Be civil|Be polite]] * [[Wikibooks:Assume good faith|Assume good faith]] * [[Wikibooks:No personal attacks|Avoid personal attacks]] * [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers|Be welcoming]] {{#switch:yes||{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}|no|yes}}=<td style="border-left: 1px solid #c0c090"><center> ; Textbook policies: </center> * [[Wikibooks:Original research|No original research]] * [[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view]] * [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks|Stay in scope]] </td> }}{{#if:|<td>{{shortcut||||| }}</td>}} </tr> {{#if:||{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive 1| <tr><td colspan=4 style="text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px">'''[[WB:ARCHIVE|Archives]]:''' {{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive index|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive index|Index]],&#32;}}{{Archive list|nobr=yes|root={{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</td> </tr> }} }} {{#if:| <tr><td colspan=4 style="text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 0"><inputbox> type=fulltext prefix={{#tag:nowiki|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/}} searchbuttonlabel=Search archives break=no </inputbox></td> </tr> }} </table> == Transwiki categories == Regarding your [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Log?logid=4853293 deletion summary]: Should such categories just be removed from the transwiki pages? That would also clean up [[Special:WantedCategories]]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 12:38, 2 January 2021 (UTC) :{{Ping|1234qwer1234qwer4}} Yes, I agree with that. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 16:43, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :: I did some cleanup. As this is a task that will have to be done over and over again as new transwikis are imported, this might be a good task for a bot. @[[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] Could you add a task to automatically remove categories from pages in the Transwiki: namespace (108)? [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 16:07, 4 March 2021 (UTC) ::: Hello, I rather think that it's a human job to treat the transwiki pages instead of decorating them outside of the books (and maybe forget them a little more). [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 20:36, 4 March 2021 (UTC) == Need for additional sysops == Hi, I'm part of the SWMT (Small Wiki Monitoring Team), and I see you have active editors. You do not have many active admins (6), so I was wondering if you were in need of assistance on-wiki. If so, please do tell me, and I'll be happy to help. If you are in need of additional sysops, I can get those as well, or I am happy to help out myself. You can email me at this [[Special:EmailUser/BlackWidowMovie0|link]], reach me on IRC at <code>#wikimedia-stewards</code>, and on Discord at <code>BlackWidowMovie0#8377</code>. [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 20:11, 22 January 2021 (UTC) * User is cross-wiki hatcollector and sockpuppeteer; see, for example, [[testwiki:Wikipedia:Requests/Permissions/BlackWidowMovie0]]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 20:18, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :Incorrect, I socked on enwiki, and am moving on. I had a genuine need for the testwiki perms, which were denied. So.....hatcollector: '''X'''. Sockpupeteer: '''X'''. [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 20:27, 22 January 2021 (UTC) The usual criteria apply for administrators here - tenure, many productive contributions and an understanding of the unique nature of Wikibooks. This is a global Sysop project so I'd recommend you pursue that route. Getting administration rights here would likely take you at least a year or two of extensive editing, not just vandal reverting. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 20:31, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :{{u|QuiteUnusual}}, Thank you for the advice! If you ever need anything, don't hesitate to reach out. Thanks! [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 16:05, 23 January 2021 (UTC) == CheckUser == Hi, can you run a CheckUser on the account [[User:Seckends]]? They have very similar editing patterns to an IP that I've blocked for creating nonsensical pages. Thanks in advance. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 19:36, 31 January 2021 (UTC) Looks like a duck. Blocked [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 19:50, 31 January 2021 (UTC) == "Mermaid" CheckUser == Can you run a CheckUser on the following sets of accounts: * [[User:MermaidWhoCodes1912]] * [[User:Mermaid2602]] * [[User:MermaidWhoCodes]] * [[User:NFP02]] They are creating copyvio material (remember the C++ Wikibooks book they tried to create? Turns out that they're copying it from various sources), and repeatedly creating accounts despite my blocking. It would be helpful if you could block the underlying IP range. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 12:01, 3 February 2021 (UTC) :You got all of the accounts and autoblock is now in effect for the underlying IP addresses, so that should stop the problem. I'll keep an eye on it. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 12:57, 3 February 2021 (UTC) == Thank you for the assist == Thank you for pointing out how using the word "Shambles" was inappropriate on [[US History/Biden]]. I think I let my own personal experience in the pandemic color my writing, and I apologize for that. I will do better to remain neutral while editing. Thank you again, and apologies for my slip. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:08, 3 February 2021 (UTC) == Blocking using abusefilter == Any way we can get that to work (it seems to be absent here, unlike mediawiki)? Or do I need to file a Phabricator task? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 09:39, 4 February 2021 (UTC) :{{Ping|Leaderboard}} - a Phab task is required. Block is disabled by default on all wikis, then enabled by request on a small number. To enable it needs $wgAbuseFilterActions['block'] = true; added to the enwikibooks configuration section of abusefilter.php. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 10:43, 4 February 2021 (UTC) :I'll do it then, it's kind of urgent due to the chess spam. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 10:45, 4 February 2021 (UTC) == [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikimedia-l Wikimedia-1] == I can't seem to post anything there, so can you do that for me? I want to post about [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Proposals#Start_allowing_game_strategies]] because I think that this proposal will have wide-ranging changes to the entire Wikimedia community if passed, and hence want to get more consensus if possible. Thanks in advance. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:26, 14 February 2021 (UTC) == File:DUN config 1.png == I am not sure what you mean; it looks fine to me, with the Microsoft licensing template added...? Plus the rationale seems valid, and is no different to the fair-use images I've uploaded from Microsoft. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:53, 22 February 2021 (UTC) : I've undeleted one of them (Animated_paperclip.png); it's not "replaceable" as you claimed, because the context is not about the paperclip, but about the software that employed the paperclip, and is an example of poor usability. I might be misunderstanding something from a Wikibooks point of view however. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:59, 22 February 2021 (UTC) ::Fair Use would mean, in this context, that nothing else could be used to illustrate bad usability - including properly licensed content. That is, you would have to be discussing very specifically ONLY Microsoft poor usability and which is not what the book is about. E.g., I can't use a copyright picture from a bad movie to illustrate a book about bad movies in general. It would have to be both specifically about that movie, be absolutely necessary to illustrate why the movie was bad, etc. I think you have crossed a bright line on copyright to include it. Personally I think our EDP is legally questionable and is not rigid enough per the requirements the [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy Foundation lays down]. E.g., the [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free content|Wikipedia]] one is extensive and precise and I don't think the stuff I deleted would comply with their policy. Ours is about [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights#Non-free_materials_and_special_requirements three lines of text]. That however is a different issue. Probably worth a discussion in one of the Reading Rooms rather than wheel warring over it. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:18, 22 February 2021 (UTC) :::I hate the organisation of material here. So the actual policy is at [[Wikibooks:Media]]. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:27, 22 February 2021 (UTC) ::::I can see where you're coming from, but the paperclip image is a very good example. Is it worth using an inferior image that would not convey the idea as well for the sake of ensuring free use? A similar example can be given for the network images that you deleted. (As for the EDP, that's something we can consider for the proposals section) [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:45, 22 February 2021 (UTC) :::::You're as qualified as me to decide. If you think it is in line with the policy, then go ahead and use it. I was actually getting round to reviewing all the unreviewed Files here (having cleared the pending changes backlog) rather than specifically targeting particular images, and these ones looked out of line with the policy - most of the changes I made were to ones with no license or FU criteria. Happy to go with your opinion rather than mine on these specific ones. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:52, 22 February 2021 (UTC) == LTA == If you're already revdelling (which I don't know if it is necessary), you should also delete https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=4929610. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 21:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC) : {{re|1234qwer1234qwer4}}, I undid the initial revdel (which I think was due to a concern of a user accidentally posting their IP), not sure what exactly you want us to delete (or revdel?). [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 21:11, 2 March 2021 (UTC) :: Right, didn't see this. Thanks! [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 21:12, 2 March 2021 (UTC) I started the revdel because I was going to CU the account and if I needed to subsequently warn them then I would be linking their account to an IP which is strongly discouraged. It became unnecessary when it became obvious that it's was the same user logged out and an LTA. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 22:00, 2 March 2021 (UTC) == Archiving == Hi, would you mind removing an Amazon link from a comment you wrote and helping automated archiving? [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:Reading_room/Assistance&diff=3471734&oldid=3471614] It looks like the link prevents [[User:ArchiverBot|my bot]] from archiving the surrounding text because doing so will trigger [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. [https://archiving.toolforge.org/logs/run_enwb.txt.2021-01-14] A quick solution would be to [[mw:Help:Formatting#Text_formatting_markunp|nowiki]]-fy the external link. A similar situation [https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%A3%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%B0&oldid=prev&diff=80275294 happened at ja.wikipedia] and the same fix worked. [[User:Whym|Whym]] ([[User talk:Whym|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Whym|contribs]]) 10:51, 5 March 2021 (UTC) :I'll just refactor it and remove the link. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 10:55, 5 March 2021 (UTC) ::Thanks, I think the bot works as expected now. [[User:Whym|Whym]] ([[User talk:Whym|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Whym|contribs]]) 11:10, 5 March 2021 (UTC) == Air Safety Book.. == Not sure if you were focusing solely on 'mechanical' and human factors analysis, but I will note that the shift to 'fly-by-wire' systems, Airbus and Boeing being among the first to implement it in civil aviation, changed the risk profile. The earliest mention of fly-by-wire systems I can find in "The RISKS Digest" is in 1985. You are presumably aware of the issue with certain Boeing planes ( https://www.aviationlawmonitor.com/2019/03/accident-investigation-1/the-boeing-737-max-8-controversy-explained/ ) in the last few years? (which was partly software related.) [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 10:00, 2 April 2021 (UTC) :The extent of the content is likely to be linked to the causes of air safety incidents, so would include software, electronic, electromechanical, human, procedural and other failures. In real life I am, amongst other things, a human behaviour and a critical systems safety specialist, so these are likely to be the area of higher focus. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 09:51, 6 April 2021 (UTC) == [[Types of Electric Circuit]] == Hello sir. I have created a page that name is [[Types of Electric Circuit]]. But no one doesn't reviewed that page. So please check it's quality. Thank you [[User:Tanbirzx|Tanbirzx]] ([[User talk:Tanbirzx|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tanbirzx|contribs]]) 14:55, 8 April 2021 (UTC) :We talked about this in 2019 briefly. We don't have separate pages like this at Wikibooks, instead we have textbooks. Your page needs integrating into a book - until it is, it won't be quality reviewed. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 15:46, 8 April 2021 (UTC) == [[Poem of Sidi Boushaki]] == Hello [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]], Thank you for the interest you have shown in the article on the [[Poem of Sidi Boushaki]] which is one of the most studied [[Arabic grammar]] texts in the world, and of which several exegeses and comments have been published. I hope you will help me improve the presentation of the text in accordance with Wikibooks standards. Cordially. --[[User:Lofton05|Lofton05]] ([[User talk:Lofton05|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lofton05|contribs]]) 10:14, 19 April 2021 (UTC) :The main point is if this is just an article, or just a source text, then it is out of scope. If you are writing a book that explains the poem, or an annotation to the text, then that's fine. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 11:38, 19 April 2021 (UTC) == Some doubts == Hello, This might not be the right place to ask but I could not find any village pump like page here to communicate my doubts. So, I went on to check the Admins here and reached you. I am new here. But, I know somewhat about Wikipedia. I read some of the policies page here and I am still not sure whether we can add already published books here? Or, we are supposed to write new books only? I sent an Email also that I found from the Contact us page but got no reply. I am also confused about what will make any difference in the contents of Wikiversity and Wikibooks. Thanks in advane. And, sorry if I made a wrong move to ask you here. [[User:Lightbluerain|Lightbluerain]] ([[User talk:Lightbluerain|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lightbluerain|contribs]]) 18:04, 11 May 2021 (UTC) An already published book if it was open source would go to Wikisource, not here. Wikibooks is for writing new books [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 19:21, 11 May 2021 (UTC) :Alright. [[User:Lightbluerain|Lightbluerain]] ([[User talk:Lightbluerain|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lightbluerain|contribs]]) 03:22, 12 May 2021 (UTC) == Neutrality on a wikibooks page == Ok, I joined sometime last night/SUPER early this morning right. Ive been a wikipedia member for awile but anyways I was on pokemon fandom and started noticing multiple mistakes so I started fixing them and i ultimately ended up here. Well more accurately (wikibooks) and noticed someone had flagged a topic I was interested in for the hour and I didn't know who to tell as to working on fixing the "problem" if any at all? Lol Apologies in advance if I explain in too much detail [[User:BeatnikSnail|BeatnikSnail]] ([[User talk:BeatnikSnail|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BeatnikSnail|contribs]]) 09:10, 12 May 2021 (UTC) :I'm not sure I understand the question you are asking. If you are asking "can I fix or problem, or do I need to tell someone first?", then the answer is you can just fix it. As a new editor, your edits will likely be reviewed by more experienced editors who will check you haven't made any mistakes which can happen as the Wiki editor isn't the easiest to use. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 14:32, 13 May 2021 (UTC) == CU request == Can you run CheckUser on [[User:MarvinMarie90]]? Seeing different accounts post identical spam, and hence think a rangeblock on the underlying IPs would be needed. P.S: do you think I should run for CheckUser, given that Xania is inactive? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 20:18, 16 May 2021 (UTC) : Unfortunately there's no common range. Feel free to run for CU. It may take a while to get the required 25 votes but theres no problem with the request staying open as long as necessary. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 21:12, 16 May 2021 (UTC) ::Do you think that it should be added to the sitenotice? Seems to be practice for past CU nominations but not sure if it's right here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:59, 30 May 2021 (UTC) :::You can add a sitenotice if you want. It'll probably help. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 07:51, 2 June 2021 (UTC) ::::Would it be OK to politely nudge those that are active (and that I interact with) but haven't voted? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:12, 14 July 2021 (UTC) :::::I would think so. We don't have the same focus on canvasing as at Wikipedia, but you should avoid appearing to badger people to support you. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:19, 14 July 2021 (UTC) == YGM == Kindly take a look at your email. Thanks. --[[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Minorax|contribs]]) 05:39, 26 May 2021 (UTC) :I did thanks and that's what led to my note on the talk page of the editor in question. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:23, 26 May 2021 (UTC) ::Seems like the editor doesn't want to address the issue that led to the global lock. --[[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Minorax|contribs]]) 15:41, 27 May 2021 (UTC) == Literature and reading guides on Wikibooks == Can Wikibooks be used for books about literature such as compendiums of synopses and reading guides?--[[User:Darrelljon|Darrelljon]] ([[User talk:Darrelljon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Darrelljon|contribs]]) 14:00, 28 May 2021 (UTC) :things like a parallel text of reading guide are permitted, but I wouldn't expect to see one in Wikijunior as this is an unlikely audience for such a book. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 14:44, 28 May 2021 (UTC) == Invitation for Functionary consultation 2021 == Greetings, I'm letting you know in advance about a meeting I'd like to invite you to regarding the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] and the community's ownership of its future enforcement. I'm still in the process of putting together the details, but I wanted to share the date with you: 27 June, 2021. I do not have a time on this date yet, but I will let you soon. We have created a [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Functionary consultations/June and July 2021|meta page]] with basic information. Please take a look at the meta page and sign up your name under the appropriate section. Thank you for your time.--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] 15:06, 2 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/UCoC_Group&oldid=21533343 --> == Regarding Subject: namespace and its pages == Hello, I am from Hindi Wikibooks (hiwikibooks) where I am trying to manage cataloguing. We have nearly all our templates imported from enwikibooks and follow the same structure. I'm just curious about the future of this "Subject:" namespace here on English Wikibooks. Because, we, at Hindi project, still have a very few pages in this namespace, created following the practice here. But we have a lot of (comparable to our no. of pages) redlinks there yet to be created (and someone may create them accidentality in belief that they are actually needed, as I have done it myself). I just want to ask if they are worth creating. If not, we can stop their creation (still being a NEW and small wikiproject). Please suggest. --[[User:SM7|SM7]] ([[User talk:SM7|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SM7|contribs]]) 05:40, 16 June 2021 (UTC) :We use them, and intend to continue using them, to group together books on a similar subject. If you only have a few books, you probably don't need them [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:54, 16 June 2021 (UTC) == Android 2113853211 == Created on 1 Apr 2021, Android 2113853211 mostly edits on simple English Wikipedia. However, Android 2113853211 was globally locked after 42 days and 800 edits. Android 2113853211 was not blocked here until 14 days after being globally locked, despite Android 2113853211 not editing here. [[Special:Contributions/79.67.17.238|79.67.17.238]] ([[User talk:79.67.17.238|discuss]]) 15:21, 23 June 2021 (UTC) :The blocking is performed to block the underlying IP address which a global lock does not do. The account was blocked here as it was a sockpuppet of another user. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 15:27, 23 June 2021 (UTC) == importer permissions == Hi, I wanted to ask you something. So I realize that as an admin, I can add myself to a few user groups, one of them being importer. I'm being very careful with my administrative responsibilities and always ask first before trying something new. I've used the import tool a number of times (mainly for Wikipedia and StrategyWiki under the [[Wikibooks:Importers]] guidelines). So basically, seeing as you promoted me to temporary admin, I wanted to ask if I have permission to promote myself to importer, as I can forsee myself using import, even after three months, to transwiki some Wikipedia articles (e.g. [[Mario_franchise_strategy_guide/Enemies/Bob-omb]] -- its page history was deleted but provided to me by a Wikipedia admin upon request; more info on the guide's [[Talk:Mario franchise strategy guide|talk page]]) for the video game strategy guide wikibooks here. At the same time I feel I need to make an effort to try and be more original with my writing on some of the existing wikibook pages. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:10, 1 July 2021 (UTC) :no you shouldn't give yourself permissions, as that's not what the community approved when giving you temporary admin rights. However, the admin rights includes importing and I think using this right would be acceptable to the community. If you want importer after your temp admin expires, you should request it at RFP. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:00, 2 July 2021 (UTC) ::Makes sense, thank you [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 13:32, 3 July 2021 (UTC) == Radiation Oncology == Who are those IPv6 editors there? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:59, 20 July 2021 (UTC) :Does https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:AbuseFilter/69 look OK to you? Equivalent to semi-protecting the entire book. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:34, 20 July 2021 (UTC) ::{{Ping|Leaderboard}} Yes, I was just fiddling around trying to do the same thing a different way. But yours looks okay [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 11:36, 20 July 2021 (UTC) == [[Special:Contributions/WilsonD055]] == Hello, you might want to globally lock and perform a sleeper check. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 18:09, 27 July 2021 (UTC) :The editor was hopping IPs every 2 minutes... no sleepers on any of them but it is hardly definitive as they are clearly able to move around quickly. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 07:52, 28 July 2021 (UTC) :: Thanks. I am pretty sure that this is not an "editor" in the strict sense by the way, since their userpage had the pattern of the ntsamr spambot. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:18, 28 July 2021 (UTC) == en.wiki troll has taken up residence here == (tried to post at Admin Assistance, but that's semi'd. Have to admit, it's hard for a non-autoconfirmed user to know where to ask for help. Probably true for en.wiki too, of course... Anyway, luckily I recognized your name and you seem active). Just got notified of this editor leaving me a message: [[Special:Contributions/TwilightSparkleCuddleBear453]]. Compare to this en.wiki troll, blocked by me a few days ago (no URL because your edit filter thinks I'm spamming you; this is '''on en.wiki''') User_talk:Twilight_Sparkle_222#I_am_blocked. An en.wiki CU said there is previous abuse on multiple accounts. I can solve my problem by turning off cross-wiki notifications. But just FYI, they're likely going to be a timesink for you folks too, unless you block and maybe CU them. Don't get tricked into thinking they are a new user making newbie mistakes (like, for example, posting to Misza13's talk page). --[[User:Floquenbeam|Floquenbeam]] ([[User talk:Floquenbeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Floquenbeam|contribs]]) 21:58, 3 September 2021 (UTC) : Thanks for the warning. There's something odd about the account. Will look more later as I need to put my Steward hat on and delve into the details. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 23:26, 3 September 2021 (UTC) == Thanks == Hi, how are you doing? Just saw your comment on my page. I was a bit confused myself and just chose to ignore the message. The part beneath it ''This survey is primarily meant to get feedback....'' also confused me a bit though i realise that it was originally part of another message.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 09:48, 8 September 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|Xania}} Yes I'm good, hope you're keeping well. The editor had created a bunch of "rules" he was trying to enforce on the book so I assume it was somehow related to that. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 09:52, 8 September 2021 (UTC) == Thanks! == Thanks! [[Special:Contributions/96.18.219.55|96.18.219.55]] ([[User talk:96.18.219.55|discuss]]) 16:38, 28 October 2021 (UTC) == Restoring a deleted page == Dear QuiteUnusual, you have recently deleted a page: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anorgaaniline_Keemia/Atmosfääri_osakesed It is not spam. Please help me restore the content and move it to a proper place at Estonian wikibooks. By mistake the author entered "en" instead of "et". Me and my student would be very grateful for your assistance as we are not so proficient with wikibooks. --Vladislav Ivaništšev 19:43, 3 December 2021 (UTC) {{unsigned|Olunet}} == More Bureaucrats == You appear to be the only bureaucrat on the English Wikibooks, so can you promote me and 3 other users to bureaucrats because I am experienced have never breached any Wikibooks policy. [[User:Faster than Thunder|Faster than Thunder]] ([[User talk:Faster than Thunder|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Faster than Thunder|contribs]]) 01:09, 20 December 2021 (UTC) No I can't. You need to be elected by the community. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 01:22, 20 December 2021 (UTC) == Misconduct == Thank you for destroying the work of hours within 5 minutes! There is nothing left than to report you. --[[User:Platonykiss|Platonykiss]] ([[User talk:Platonykiss|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Platonykiss|contribs]]) 15:20, 22 December 2021 (UTC) :Actually what would be more helpful is for you to provide a link to the original source, so that you can comply with the site license and not publish a copyright violation. Then the work can be restored. As you are clearly copying someone else's work they probably think yours is the misconduct. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 18:58, 22 December 2021 (UTC) == Please see.......... == .....my follow up question at Discussion.--[[User:Buddpaul|Buddpaul]] ([[User talk:Buddpaul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Buddpaul|contribs]]) 18:08, 30 December 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> 18:14, 4 January 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(3)&oldid=22532499 --> == Deleted pages == Hi, I recently got into deleted works of fiction. I understand that they are out of scope and don’t request to revive them. However, some of them are interesting and I would like to read them. Could you please email me the content of [[A Fiction Story About Free Fall: The 22 Million Mile Tower]], [[The Router That Got Away Lyrics]], [[Least Defensive Starter Pokémon]], [[September 2020 masculine names disaster]], [[Backpack Bear Introduces The Computer]], and [[Natural science and technology teacher's guide]]? <br>Also, while searching in the deletion log I have found strategy guides that were deleted back when they were out of scope that are yet to be revived. Here they are: [[Loving an unpopular Pokémon vs loving an unpopular name]], [[How to calculate the HP range for a species of Pokémon]], [[Effective stats]], and [[Pokémon Level 30]]. <br>Sorry for the very long message and thanks in advance, -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] <span style="color:purple;">From Middle English Wikipedia</span> 📜📖💻 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 13:30, 28 January 2022 (UTC) :Never mind. I will request in requests for undeletion. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] <span style="color:purple;">From Middle English Wikipedia</span> 📜📖💻 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 14:23, 29 January 2022 (UTC) == List of Unreviewed pages == Hello, I want to know that these pages ([[Wikijunior:Life]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland|Countries A-Z/Poland]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal|Portugal]]) and may be more pages are not reviewed but I can't find these pages in List of [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUnreviewedPages&namespace=110&category= Unreviewed pages]. Why? [[User:Zsohl|<span style="font-family:'Trebuchet MS'; color:#217d00;font-size:16px">'''Z'''sohl </span>]] <sup style="font-family:Trebuchet MS; color:#9971DA;font-size:12px">[[User talk:Zsohl| (discuss]]•[[Special:Contributions/Zsohl|contribs)]]</sup> 16:00, 3 February 2022 (UTC) :{{Ping|Zsohl}} The list of unreviewed pages lists pages that have '''never''' been reviewed. If they have been reviewed, but have changes that have not been reviewed, they are listed at [[Special:PendingChanges]]. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:50, 3 February 2022 (UTC) ::@[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]: Thanks for reply. But these pages are never been reviewed ( [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland|Countries A-Z/Poland]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal|Portugal]]). What about these? [[User:Zsohl|<span style="font-family:'Trebuchet MS'; color:#217d00;font-size:16px">'''Z'''sohl </span>]] <sup style="font-family:Trebuchet MS; color:#9971DA;font-size:12px">[[User talk:Zsohl| (discuss]]•[[Special:Contributions/Zsohl|contribs)]]</sup> 16:56, 3 February 2022 (UTC) :::Looks like a bug. If you look at [[Special:ValidationStatistics]] you can see 53 are unreviewed, but they don't appear on the list of unreviewed pages. While the unreviewed pages is cached it is updated as of 1 Feb so that can't be the cause. I'll need to raise a bug on Phabricator. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:51, 4 February 2022 (UTC) == == Hi ,[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] you had deleted page Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Documents_on_the_Persian_Gulf%27s_name] mentioned (Source texts belong at Wikisource. I would like to translate the book from its original text of persian wiki books not in detail but in short . specially parts that explain about the the roots of the names of Iran- Oman sea- Indian ocean erythraen sea, Arabian sea and ... would you please advise me about. --[[User:Cultural sec|Cultural sec]] ([[User talk:Cultural sec|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cultural sec|contribs]]) 08:32, 4 May 2022 (UTC) :A translation is also a source text. An annotated text is acceptable. In this case you should request an [[WB:RFI|import]] of the original text. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:52, 4 May 2022 (UTC) == Permission for [[Saint Michael: Early Anglo-Saxon Tradition]] == This has been submitted as [[Ticket:2022022210010563]]. It looks like you don't have access to permissions, so I can move it back to sister-projects if you'd like to take it over. Otherwise we can take a look at it in permissions and get back to you about it. Whichever you'd prefer. [[User:VernoWhitney|VernoWhitney]] ([[User talk:VernoWhitney|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VernoWhitney|contribs]]) 19:28, 5 May 2022 (UTC) :{{ping|VernoWhitney}} I'm more than happy for you to look at it in permissions. I had a quick look and I don't see clear evidence that the person who sent it is related to the estate, or the copyright holder, but I'm not an expert. Thanks. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 13:21, 9 May 2022 (UTC) ::I went through the VRT help pages for additional guidance and am inclined to approve it and have noted my reasoning in the Ticket. Unless you disagree I'll let you tag the book (or whatever you do to notate permission here on wikibooks) and then I'll reply. [[User:VernoWhitney|VernoWhitney]] ([[User talk:VernoWhitney|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VernoWhitney|contribs]]) 15:27, 9 May 2022 (UTC) ::::{{ping|VernoWhitney}} Thanks, your reasoning looks sound. I have tagged the page. Appreciate your work on this - regards. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:34, 10 May 2022 (UTC) == Double redirect protected == See [[User:QU~enwikibooks]] and talkpage. Please fix to help clear out [[Special:DoubleRedirects]] <sub> [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:orange">L10nM4st3r</span>]]/[[User_talk:L10nM4st3r|<span tyle="color:#fed8b1">Roar at me</span>]]</sub> 15:06, 1 July 2022 (UTC) :Thanks, done. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:59, 5 July 2022 (UTC) == Plasma Fusion Preface == Hi! I wonder what you think of "my" book? I will not do anything more to it, you are free to edit as you like but I am quite satisfied with the book as it is. [[User:Knoppson|Knoppson]] ([[User talk:Knoppson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Knoppson|contribs]]) 16:32, 4 July 2022 (UTC) :It's a strange name, and it isn't structured like a book - that's the structural "issue". Other than that, I have no comment on the content. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:58, 5 July 2022 (UTC) == Interlingue para principiantes == Hi, I see you left a comment in the book [[Interlingue para principiantes]] created by {{ping|Caro de Segeda}} that only books in English are accepted. I think if there’s such a thing as “Interlingue Wikibooks” it should be imported to there. If not, then I would suggest maybe moving it to the user space of the user for the time being however if the policy says to delete it after a certain amount of time (7 days?), then I think it’s fair. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 14:57, 24 July 2022 (UTC) :I checked and Interlingue Wikibooks does exist and can be found [https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal here]. I think the book should be imported. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 15:00, 24 July 2022 (UTC) ::There's no point importing it because it isn't in English. Unless the editor is going to translate it to English, it'd just be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:25, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :::Thanks for the reply. The rule that books should be written in English is valid for English Wikibooks. I assume this book is written in Interlingue therefore I suggest importing it to Interlingue Wikibooks where it will fit in perfectly. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 09:54, 25 July 2022 (UTC) ::::I think he means '''exporting''' it from here to Interlingue, not '''importing'''.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 14:08, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :::::It's already there though, at the link above... [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 14:14, 25 July 2022 (UTC) ::::::Xania is correct. I meant exporting it from English Wikibooks to Interlingue Wikibooks. I’m not sure what you mean by “it’s already there”. The link above is to the main page of Interlingue Wikibooks. I tried searching “Interlingue para principiantes” and it doesn’t appear they have a book with that title or a similar one. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 18:36, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :You don't need admin rights to Export. You may need rights on the ia project to import it - you'll need to ask there. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:27, 26 July 2022 (UTC) ::Unfortunately there hasn’t been any activity in ia.wikibooks during the last 30 days except for bots leaving messages and new account creations. Also there are no admins except the anti abuse filter and no importers. P.s. is it possible to export it and upload the xml dump to commons.wikimedia? Thanks in advance, -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 13:15, 26 July 2022 (UTC) == Admin request == In the middle of an edit, I somehow got logged out. Please can you hide my IP from [[Guide to the Godot game engine/Debugging]]. Thanks. <sup> [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:orange">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|<span tyle="color:#fed8b1">Roar at me</span>]]</sub> 11:06, 10 August 2022 (UTC) :It's done. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:09, 10 August 2022 (UTC) == [[User_talk:2603:7080:C43D:1882:A1DD:9973:EBC1:C9C1]]== This user is requesting to be unblocked. Can you take care of it if you can recall why they were blocked?--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 00:51, 16 September 2022 (UTC) == Indefinite IP blocks == Hello. Generally, IPs shouldn't be blocked indefinitely as it will be randomly assigned to different users. Kindly review [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:BlockList?wpTarget=&wpOptions%5B%5D=tempblocks&wpOptions%5B%5D=userblocks&blockType=&limit=50&wpFormIdentifier=blocklist the blocks] you made and adjust accordingly. Thanks. --[[User:Minorax|<span style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color:#69C;">Minorax</span>]]<sup>&laquo;&brvbar;[[User talk:Minorax|'''talk''']]&brvbar;&raquo;</sup> 11:36, 23 September 2022 (UTC) :They all remain appropriate. For those without talk page access, there remains CU evidence of an ongoing risk of harassment or abuse. The others can always request an unblock. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:50, 23 September 2022 (UTC) == Question about redirects == Hi @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I noticed that you [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=5089635 deleted the redirect] I created for [[Cookbook:Chili Sauce]]. I was wondering why, since it didn't match the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]]. The term "chili sauce" is likely to be searched by users, and inexperienced users may link to [[Cookbook:Chili Sauce]] when adding links to ingredient lists, so it seems only appropriate that this redirect exists. Can you clarify your reasoning for the deletion? Thanks!! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:34, 7 October 2022 (UTC) :Simple, we don't use "article" style redirects this way at Wikibooks. It's a style thing. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:33, 10 October 2022 (UTC) ::I see, thanks! Could you point me to the wikibooks style guide or community consensus that says this so that I can reference it for the future? And, should the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy%20deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]] be edited to reflect the fact that even terms likely to be searched for should not be made into redirects? Also, can you point me to the better and accepted way to account for the issue of such terms that inexperienced users are likely to search for and link to? In my editing of the cookbook I frequently run across the issue of multiple terms existing for, say, one ingredient, and it actively inhibits cohesion and comprehensibility of the cookbook when there's no way to connect all the different terms people use for the same thing. [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:49, 12 November 2022 (UTC) ::: I think that the speedy deletion reason would be "Pages with no meaningful content", as a "chilly sauce" research should show every recipes mentioning it equally (and we don't want one to have the monopoly). But as [[Cookbook:Chili Paste]] don't use this exact term, it could be interesting to add it in the wikicode (visible or not), like for SEO. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 12:15, 19 November 2022 (UTC) == Revdel == Hello, was [[Special:Redirect/logid/5091767|this]] intentional? [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:03, 21 October 2022 (UTC) : I realise now the link is not particularly helpful thanks to how MW displays the action. I'm talking about https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?action=historysubmit&type=logging&revisiondelete=1&ids[5091766]=1&ids[5091765]=1. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:06, 21 October 2022 (UTC) ::I don't understand your question fully, but if you mean did I intend to hide two entries in the deletion log, then yes I did. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:09, 21 October 2022 (UTC) ::: Even if you hid the titles because of the propagandist wording, I don't see why hiding the username was necessary... [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 14:06, 12 November 2022 (UTC) ::::Because I judged it so based on CheckUser data. I won't be providing any further information per the WMF policy. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:16, 14 November 2022 (UTC) == I replied to your deletion request... == [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Free Energy does not Exist]] -- [[User:Vinyasi|Vinyasi]] ([[User talk:Vinyasi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vinyasi|contribs]]) 16:55, 21 October 2022 (UTC) :[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance#How do I improve my wikibook, or is it impossible to improve it?]] -- [[User:Vinyasi|Vinyasi]] ([[User talk:Vinyasi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vinyasi|contribs]]) 13:42, 24 October 2022 (UTC) <blockquote>''Deletion is not inevitable. I don't see a problem with the book but maybe the person who tagged it for deletion can share their thoughts.''--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 04:29, 24 October 2022 (UTC)</blockquote> == SHB2000 == Was that person not supposed to get temporary adminship? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 15:11, 3 January 2023 (UTC) :Also, we've promoted people to temp admin with 4 supports (see 2005-Fan's request). I hence find both your responses strange. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 15:18, 3 January 2023 (UTC) ::Well, that's because it's down to my judgement - e.g., on how much weight I place on the people expressing an opinion. As for temp v's perm. They requested / discussed both. Opinions were expressed both ways and I concluded the way I did. If you don't like it you are free to request it is changed or removed, although I won't be doing it for reasons that will be clear soon. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 17:25, 3 January 2023 (UTC) == A quick hello == Hi, I was just poking around, seeing how WB was doing, seeing if anyone I knew from the old days was still around. It looks like you've had a handle change? I hope this not finds you well. [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 04:03, 15 February 2023 (UTC) :Hi, not many of the "old guard" left around and it's been a sad place (for me) since Pi zero died a few years ago... Glad to hear from you. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:24, 27 February 2023 (UTC) == Hello == Hello, I am the author of supplementary mathematics book. I came from another account, I wanted to ask if you can help me in writing the book. [[User:Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia]] ([[User talk:Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|contribs]]) 11:09, 1 April 2023 (UTC) == Help needed == Hi @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I have been encountering a user who continuously takes text from other Wiki projects (mostly Wikipedia), translates it (using an online translation tool, I'm pretty sure), and then pastes it in without attribution or linking back to the original page. I have tried on multiple occasions to tell them to stop doing this since it goes [[Help:Importing|against policy]] and disrupts the chain of attribution, but they either don't understand or are being willfully ignorant. Do you have any advice for me here? I'm uncomfortable with letting this continue. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:52, 23 June 2023 (UTC) :See [[Supplementary mathematics/Torus]] for the latest example post-warnings. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 23 June 2023 (UTC) ::If it looks like a copyvio, delete it immediately, then block. Keep extending the block each time... I'm afraid we've had this before (there was an infamous IP editor who came here each year after their blocked expired and would set off copy / pasting from other Wiki sites until i blocked him. Went on for 7 years). They'll either learn, or end up blocked indef. That's unfortunate but there's no excuse for continuous copyright / attribution breaking (which is also a copyright violation). [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 18:05, 23 June 2023 (UTC) :::Got it—thanks for the help! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:27, 24 June 2023 (UTC) :::@MarcGarver........ You are disgusting....You fool.Do you know how angry I am?😠. Firstly Why did you delete my page?You know what,You can block me and my account.You ruined my day [[User:Symbol Mosieleng|Symbol Mosieleng]] ([[User talk:Symbol Mosieleng|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Symbol Mosieleng|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 July 2023 (UTC) == Please help with Folkstyle Wrestling/Advanced Wrestling Strategy webpage == https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Folkstyle_Wrestling/Advanced_Wrestling_Strategy The text is NOT related to folkstyle wrestling. The text is related more to some sort of backyard style of wrestling. In folkstyle wrestling, there are weight classes and the wrestlers, except for the heavyweight wrestler, wrestle opponents their weight. While the mount might be an advanced pinning hold, it's description is not appropriate for an audience interested in amateur high school or college wrestling. I don't know how to fix this. I am a noob when it comes to editing wiki. I will only make a mess if I try. I am NOT an expert on folkstyle wrestling. Please contact an expert on the sport to get correct information for this page. I only know the information on this page is wrong and inappropriate. [[User:Ricks9001|Ricks9001]] ([[User talk:Ricks9001|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ricks9001|contribs]]) 23:11, 29 July 2023 (UTC) == [[Special:Contributions/Matthew Tameirao]] == Hello, I suspect there might be more sockpuppets looking at the recent [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Versions?action=history&limit=500 history]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 15:42, 30 July 2023 (UTC) : fyi, since [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao1225]] was blocked, [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao12]] and [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao317]] are at least very suspicious. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 23:26, 30 July 2023 (UTC) == Advice needed == Hello @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! There appears to be an individual rapidly and regularly contributing vast numbers of pages with health information, all unsourced. They edit from multiple IPs, and they don't seem to respond to messages left on the discussion page (probably has to do with changing IPs). I have a few main concerns that I'm not quite sure how to handle: * The sheer volume and rate of the contributions makes me wonder whether they are really writing all of it themselves and whether there could be a copyvio issue. I can't find any issues using copyvios.toolforge.org, but that still doesn't completely rule the issue out. * The fact that they are adding a large amount of biological/health-related information is somewhat concerning, as it seems to me like those topics should be robustly supported with at least basic sourcing. * The fact that they are editing significantly from an IP and aren't responsive to communication concerns me, since I'm not sure how to get in touch with them and engage in discussion about their contributions. Any advice would be appreciated! @[[User:Xania|Xania]] @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] @[[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] if any of you are around and have insight, it would be welcome as well. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:39, 12 September 2023 (UTC) :We have seen this before. They don't respond to talk page messages and are almost certainly copyright violating from an offline source. You don't need evidence that they are violating copyright, you just need to ask them to provide a source as the onus is on them to prove they own the material. See [[User:Chrisho952|Chrisho952]] as an example of a user I indef blocked in the end. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:48, 12 September 2023 (UTC) ::Got it, thank you. Would it be appropriate to delete the pages if they remain unsourced without response? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:26, 12 September 2023 (UTC) :::{{re|Kittycataclysm}}, yes (definitely). [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:28, 12 September 2023 (UTC) == CU Request == Hello @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! Can we get a CU on User:Mohammadkop1386? Based on activity and other factors, I'm concerned it may be a new account to evade a block. [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:51, 14 October 2023 (UTC) :There's no evidence of abuse. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 16 October 2023 (UTC) ::Okay thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:32, 16 October 2023 (UTC) == A book idea == Hi MarcGarver, How do you think I should go about creating a book meant to document the October 7th Massacre? Thanks in advance, -[[User:D1n05aur5 4ever|D1n05aur5 4ever]] ([[User talk:D1n05aur5 4ever|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/D1n05aur5 4ever|contribs]]) 17:46, 1 May 2024 (UTC) :I would start by writing one paragraph that describes what the book is about, like you would find on a dust jacket of a print book. This is what I first wrote when planning [[Castles of England]]: ::"This book is about castles in England, their development and design through the medieval period. Castles developed throughout this period in response to the changing demands placed on them. Before the beginning of the period covered, England was under threat from invaders like the Vikings, driving people to construct fortifications to protect their land and holdings. Following the Norman invasion, more powerful castles were required so that the Normans could consolidate their hold over the country. Castles continued to develop in response to more effective siege weapons and the various civil wars and conflicts. Finally, as England became more peaceful, the castle became more a comfortable home than a defensive structure, although still needing to be strong enough to defend against small roving bands of men." :By taking the time to think first about what the book is about, it helped focus my thoughts on what content to include. The next step I suggest is writing a list of chapter titles. This will flesh out your idea and place it in the right sequence. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 19:38, 1 May 2024 (UTC) == Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear Wikimedian, You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:17, 2 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list&oldid=26721206 --> == [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance#Another_user_editing_User:Jay_Bolero's_user_page]] == Hello, can I have your feedback here? CU is needed, and it is related to [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/February#Alert_about_possible_evasion_of_previous_1-week_block_at_English_Wikibooks_(CU_needed?)]] that was previously handled by you. Your assistance is always appreciated. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 07:31, 1 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]], What is the problem with my textbook material? Where is the discussion of deleting pages? — [[User:Виктор Пинчук|Виктор Пинчук]] ([[User talk:Виктор Пинчук|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Виктор Пинчук|contribs]]) 19:00, 24 October 2024 (UTC) 40nacq9lf6l2iosuu22w6h8oahx7gs5 4442394 4442389 2024-10-24T20:45:15Z MarcGarver 134830 /* Basics of fine-art photography */ 4442394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{bottom}}}|yes |{{tmbox |small = |image = none |style = text-align:center; |text = '''Please place new discussions at the bottom of the page.''' }} }}{{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|1|0}}*{{#ifeq:|yes|1|0}}| <table style="text-align:center; border: 1px solid #000000; border-bottom: none; background-color:#FFFFF3"> <tr> <th style="font-size: 85%">This is a <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span></span> [[WB:TALK|user discussion page]]. This is not a textbook or the discussion page for a textbook. If you find this page on any site other than <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span>,</span> you are viewing a mirror site. Be aware that the page may be outdated, and that the user this page belongs to may have no personal affiliation with any site other than <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span></span> itself. The original page is located at <span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;">[http://en.wiki<!---->books.org/wiki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}} <span>http://en.wiki</span><!----><span>books.org/wi</span><span>ki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</span>].</span> </th></tr></table> }} <table {{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|1|0}}*{{#ifeq:|yes|1|0}} |width="100%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 0px" |class="tmbox tmbox-notice plainlinks" id="talkheader" style="width: 80%; border-collapse: separate" }} ><tr> <th colspan=4 style="border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c090; width: 100%">{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|This is [[{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]'s [[WB:DISCUSS|discussion page]], where you can send messages and comments to {{PAGENAME}}.|This is the [[WB:DISCUSS|discussion page]] for discussing {{#if:|[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] and anything related to its purposes and tasks|improvements to the [[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{pagetype}}}}.}}</th> </tr><tr> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid #c0c090">{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}||*'''This is not a forum for general discussion of the page's subject.'''}} * '''Put new text under old text.''' [{{fullurl:{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}|action=edit&section=new}} Click here to start a new topic]. * '''Please sign and date your posts''' by typing four tildes (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>). * '''New to Wikibooks?''' [[Wikibooks:Welcome|Welcome]]! [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|Ask questions, get answers]]. </td><td> * [[Wikibooks:Be civil|Be polite]] * [[Wikibooks:Assume good faith|Assume good faith]] * [[Wikibooks:No personal attacks|Avoid personal attacks]] * [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers|Be welcoming]] {{#switch:yes||{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}|no|yes}}=<td style="border-left: 1px solid #c0c090"><center> ; Textbook policies: </center> * [[Wikibooks:Original research|No original research]] * [[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view]] * [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks|Stay in scope]] </td> }}{{#if:|<td>{{shortcut||||| }}</td>}} </tr> {{#if:||{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive 1| <tr><td colspan=4 style="text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px">'''[[WB:ARCHIVE|Archives]]:''' {{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive index|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive index|Index]],&#32;}}{{Archive list|nobr=yes|root={{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</td> </tr> }} }} {{#if:| <tr><td colspan=4 style="text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 0"><inputbox> type=fulltext prefix={{#tag:nowiki|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/}} searchbuttonlabel=Search archives break=no </inputbox></td> </tr> }} </table> == Transwiki categories == Regarding your [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Log?logid=4853293 deletion summary]: Should such categories just be removed from the transwiki pages? That would also clean up [[Special:WantedCategories]]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 12:38, 2 January 2021 (UTC) :{{Ping|1234qwer1234qwer4}} Yes, I agree with that. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 16:43, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :: I did some cleanup. As this is a task that will have to be done over and over again as new transwikis are imported, this might be a good task for a bot. @[[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] Could you add a task to automatically remove categories from pages in the Transwiki: namespace (108)? [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 16:07, 4 March 2021 (UTC) ::: Hello, I rather think that it's a human job to treat the transwiki pages instead of decorating them outside of the books (and maybe forget them a little more). [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 20:36, 4 March 2021 (UTC) == Need for additional sysops == Hi, I'm part of the SWMT (Small Wiki Monitoring Team), and I see you have active editors. You do not have many active admins (6), so I was wondering if you were in need of assistance on-wiki. If so, please do tell me, and I'll be happy to help. If you are in need of additional sysops, I can get those as well, or I am happy to help out myself. You can email me at this [[Special:EmailUser/BlackWidowMovie0|link]], reach me on IRC at <code>#wikimedia-stewards</code>, and on Discord at <code>BlackWidowMovie0#8377</code>. [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 20:11, 22 January 2021 (UTC) * User is cross-wiki hatcollector and sockpuppeteer; see, for example, [[testwiki:Wikipedia:Requests/Permissions/BlackWidowMovie0]]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 20:18, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :Incorrect, I socked on enwiki, and am moving on. I had a genuine need for the testwiki perms, which were denied. So.....hatcollector: '''X'''. Sockpupeteer: '''X'''. [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 20:27, 22 January 2021 (UTC) The usual criteria apply for administrators here - tenure, many productive contributions and an understanding of the unique nature of Wikibooks. This is a global Sysop project so I'd recommend you pursue that route. Getting administration rights here would likely take you at least a year or two of extensive editing, not just vandal reverting. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 20:31, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :{{u|QuiteUnusual}}, Thank you for the advice! If you ever need anything, don't hesitate to reach out. Thanks! [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 16:05, 23 January 2021 (UTC) == CheckUser == Hi, can you run a CheckUser on the account [[User:Seckends]]? They have very similar editing patterns to an IP that I've blocked for creating nonsensical pages. Thanks in advance. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 19:36, 31 January 2021 (UTC) Looks like a duck. Blocked [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 19:50, 31 January 2021 (UTC) == "Mermaid" CheckUser == Can you run a CheckUser on the following sets of accounts: * [[User:MermaidWhoCodes1912]] * [[User:Mermaid2602]] * [[User:MermaidWhoCodes]] * [[User:NFP02]] They are creating copyvio material (remember the C++ Wikibooks book they tried to create? Turns out that they're copying it from various sources), and repeatedly creating accounts despite my blocking. It would be helpful if you could block the underlying IP range. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 12:01, 3 February 2021 (UTC) :You got all of the accounts and autoblock is now in effect for the underlying IP addresses, so that should stop the problem. I'll keep an eye on it. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 12:57, 3 February 2021 (UTC) == Thank you for the assist == Thank you for pointing out how using the word "Shambles" was inappropriate on [[US History/Biden]]. I think I let my own personal experience in the pandemic color my writing, and I apologize for that. I will do better to remain neutral while editing. Thank you again, and apologies for my slip. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:08, 3 February 2021 (UTC) == Blocking using abusefilter == Any way we can get that to work (it seems to be absent here, unlike mediawiki)? Or do I need to file a Phabricator task? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 09:39, 4 February 2021 (UTC) :{{Ping|Leaderboard}} - a Phab task is required. Block is disabled by default on all wikis, then enabled by request on a small number. To enable it needs $wgAbuseFilterActions['block'] = true; added to the enwikibooks configuration section of abusefilter.php. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 10:43, 4 February 2021 (UTC) :I'll do it then, it's kind of urgent due to the chess spam. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 10:45, 4 February 2021 (UTC) == [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikimedia-l Wikimedia-1] == I can't seem to post anything there, so can you do that for me? I want to post about [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Proposals#Start_allowing_game_strategies]] because I think that this proposal will have wide-ranging changes to the entire Wikimedia community if passed, and hence want to get more consensus if possible. Thanks in advance. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:26, 14 February 2021 (UTC) == File:DUN config 1.png == I am not sure what you mean; it looks fine to me, with the Microsoft licensing template added...? Plus the rationale seems valid, and is no different to the fair-use images I've uploaded from Microsoft. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:53, 22 February 2021 (UTC) : I've undeleted one of them (Animated_paperclip.png); it's not "replaceable" as you claimed, because the context is not about the paperclip, but about the software that employed the paperclip, and is an example of poor usability. I might be misunderstanding something from a Wikibooks point of view however. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:59, 22 February 2021 (UTC) ::Fair Use would mean, in this context, that nothing else could be used to illustrate bad usability - including properly licensed content. That is, you would have to be discussing very specifically ONLY Microsoft poor usability and which is not what the book is about. E.g., I can't use a copyright picture from a bad movie to illustrate a book about bad movies in general. It would have to be both specifically about that movie, be absolutely necessary to illustrate why the movie was bad, etc. I think you have crossed a bright line on copyright to include it. Personally I think our EDP is legally questionable and is not rigid enough per the requirements the [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy Foundation lays down]. E.g., the [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free content|Wikipedia]] one is extensive and precise and I don't think the stuff I deleted would comply with their policy. Ours is about [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights#Non-free_materials_and_special_requirements three lines of text]. That however is a different issue. Probably worth a discussion in one of the Reading Rooms rather than wheel warring over it. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:18, 22 February 2021 (UTC) :::I hate the organisation of material here. So the actual policy is at [[Wikibooks:Media]]. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:27, 22 February 2021 (UTC) ::::I can see where you're coming from, but the paperclip image is a very good example. Is it worth using an inferior image that would not convey the idea as well for the sake of ensuring free use? A similar example can be given for the network images that you deleted. (As for the EDP, that's something we can consider for the proposals section) [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:45, 22 February 2021 (UTC) :::::You're as qualified as me to decide. If you think it is in line with the policy, then go ahead and use it. I was actually getting round to reviewing all the unreviewed Files here (having cleared the pending changes backlog) rather than specifically targeting particular images, and these ones looked out of line with the policy - most of the changes I made were to ones with no license or FU criteria. Happy to go with your opinion rather than mine on these specific ones. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:52, 22 February 2021 (UTC) == LTA == If you're already revdelling (which I don't know if it is necessary), you should also delete https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=4929610. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 21:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC) : {{re|1234qwer1234qwer4}}, I undid the initial revdel (which I think was due to a concern of a user accidentally posting their IP), not sure what exactly you want us to delete (or revdel?). [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 21:11, 2 March 2021 (UTC) :: Right, didn't see this. Thanks! [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 21:12, 2 March 2021 (UTC) I started the revdel because I was going to CU the account and if I needed to subsequently warn them then I would be linking their account to an IP which is strongly discouraged. It became unnecessary when it became obvious that it's was the same user logged out and an LTA. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 22:00, 2 March 2021 (UTC) == Archiving == Hi, would you mind removing an Amazon link from a comment you wrote and helping automated archiving? [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:Reading_room/Assistance&diff=3471734&oldid=3471614] It looks like the link prevents [[User:ArchiverBot|my bot]] from archiving the surrounding text because doing so will trigger [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. [https://archiving.toolforge.org/logs/run_enwb.txt.2021-01-14] A quick solution would be to [[mw:Help:Formatting#Text_formatting_markunp|nowiki]]-fy the external link. A similar situation [https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%A3%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%B0&oldid=prev&diff=80275294 happened at ja.wikipedia] and the same fix worked. [[User:Whym|Whym]] ([[User talk:Whym|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Whym|contribs]]) 10:51, 5 March 2021 (UTC) :I'll just refactor it and remove the link. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 10:55, 5 March 2021 (UTC) ::Thanks, I think the bot works as expected now. [[User:Whym|Whym]] ([[User talk:Whym|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Whym|contribs]]) 11:10, 5 March 2021 (UTC) == Air Safety Book.. == Not sure if you were focusing solely on 'mechanical' and human factors analysis, but I will note that the shift to 'fly-by-wire' systems, Airbus and Boeing being among the first to implement it in civil aviation, changed the risk profile. The earliest mention of fly-by-wire systems I can find in "The RISKS Digest" is in 1985. You are presumably aware of the issue with certain Boeing planes ( https://www.aviationlawmonitor.com/2019/03/accident-investigation-1/the-boeing-737-max-8-controversy-explained/ ) in the last few years? (which was partly software related.) [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 10:00, 2 April 2021 (UTC) :The extent of the content is likely to be linked to the causes of air safety incidents, so would include software, electronic, electromechanical, human, procedural and other failures. In real life I am, amongst other things, a human behaviour and a critical systems safety specialist, so these are likely to be the area of higher focus. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 09:51, 6 April 2021 (UTC) == [[Types of Electric Circuit]] == Hello sir. I have created a page that name is [[Types of Electric Circuit]]. But no one doesn't reviewed that page. So please check it's quality. Thank you [[User:Tanbirzx|Tanbirzx]] ([[User talk:Tanbirzx|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tanbirzx|contribs]]) 14:55, 8 April 2021 (UTC) :We talked about this in 2019 briefly. We don't have separate pages like this at Wikibooks, instead we have textbooks. Your page needs integrating into a book - until it is, it won't be quality reviewed. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 15:46, 8 April 2021 (UTC) == [[Poem of Sidi Boushaki]] == Hello [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]], Thank you for the interest you have shown in the article on the [[Poem of Sidi Boushaki]] which is one of the most studied [[Arabic grammar]] texts in the world, and of which several exegeses and comments have been published. I hope you will help me improve the presentation of the text in accordance with Wikibooks standards. Cordially. --[[User:Lofton05|Lofton05]] ([[User talk:Lofton05|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lofton05|contribs]]) 10:14, 19 April 2021 (UTC) :The main point is if this is just an article, or just a source text, then it is out of scope. If you are writing a book that explains the poem, or an annotation to the text, then that's fine. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 11:38, 19 April 2021 (UTC) == Some doubts == Hello, This might not be the right place to ask but I could not find any village pump like page here to communicate my doubts. So, I went on to check the Admins here and reached you. I am new here. But, I know somewhat about Wikipedia. I read some of the policies page here and I am still not sure whether we can add already published books here? Or, we are supposed to write new books only? I sent an Email also that I found from the Contact us page but got no reply. I am also confused about what will make any difference in the contents of Wikiversity and Wikibooks. Thanks in advane. And, sorry if I made a wrong move to ask you here. [[User:Lightbluerain|Lightbluerain]] ([[User talk:Lightbluerain|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lightbluerain|contribs]]) 18:04, 11 May 2021 (UTC) An already published book if it was open source would go to Wikisource, not here. Wikibooks is for writing new books [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 19:21, 11 May 2021 (UTC) :Alright. [[User:Lightbluerain|Lightbluerain]] ([[User talk:Lightbluerain|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lightbluerain|contribs]]) 03:22, 12 May 2021 (UTC) == Neutrality on a wikibooks page == Ok, I joined sometime last night/SUPER early this morning right. Ive been a wikipedia member for awile but anyways I was on pokemon fandom and started noticing multiple mistakes so I started fixing them and i ultimately ended up here. Well more accurately (wikibooks) and noticed someone had flagged a topic I was interested in for the hour and I didn't know who to tell as to working on fixing the "problem" if any at all? Lol Apologies in advance if I explain in too much detail [[User:BeatnikSnail|BeatnikSnail]] ([[User talk:BeatnikSnail|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BeatnikSnail|contribs]]) 09:10, 12 May 2021 (UTC) :I'm not sure I understand the question you are asking. If you are asking "can I fix or problem, or do I need to tell someone first?", then the answer is you can just fix it. As a new editor, your edits will likely be reviewed by more experienced editors who will check you haven't made any mistakes which can happen as the Wiki editor isn't the easiest to use. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 14:32, 13 May 2021 (UTC) == CU request == Can you run CheckUser on [[User:MarvinMarie90]]? Seeing different accounts post identical spam, and hence think a rangeblock on the underlying IPs would be needed. P.S: do you think I should run for CheckUser, given that Xania is inactive? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 20:18, 16 May 2021 (UTC) : Unfortunately there's no common range. Feel free to run for CU. It may take a while to get the required 25 votes but theres no problem with the request staying open as long as necessary. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 21:12, 16 May 2021 (UTC) ::Do you think that it should be added to the sitenotice? Seems to be practice for past CU nominations but not sure if it's right here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:59, 30 May 2021 (UTC) :::You can add a sitenotice if you want. It'll probably help. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 07:51, 2 June 2021 (UTC) ::::Would it be OK to politely nudge those that are active (and that I interact with) but haven't voted? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:12, 14 July 2021 (UTC) :::::I would think so. We don't have the same focus on canvasing as at Wikipedia, but you should avoid appearing to badger people to support you. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:19, 14 July 2021 (UTC) == YGM == Kindly take a look at your email. Thanks. --[[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Minorax|contribs]]) 05:39, 26 May 2021 (UTC) :I did thanks and that's what led to my note on the talk page of the editor in question. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:23, 26 May 2021 (UTC) ::Seems like the editor doesn't want to address the issue that led to the global lock. --[[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Minorax|contribs]]) 15:41, 27 May 2021 (UTC) == Literature and reading guides on Wikibooks == Can Wikibooks be used for books about literature such as compendiums of synopses and reading guides?--[[User:Darrelljon|Darrelljon]] ([[User talk:Darrelljon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Darrelljon|contribs]]) 14:00, 28 May 2021 (UTC) :things like a parallel text of reading guide are permitted, but I wouldn't expect to see one in Wikijunior as this is an unlikely audience for such a book. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 14:44, 28 May 2021 (UTC) == Invitation for Functionary consultation 2021 == Greetings, I'm letting you know in advance about a meeting I'd like to invite you to regarding the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] and the community's ownership of its future enforcement. I'm still in the process of putting together the details, but I wanted to share the date with you: 27 June, 2021. I do not have a time on this date yet, but I will let you soon. We have created a [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Functionary consultations/June and July 2021|meta page]] with basic information. Please take a look at the meta page and sign up your name under the appropriate section. Thank you for your time.--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] 15:06, 2 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/UCoC_Group&oldid=21533343 --> == Regarding Subject: namespace and its pages == Hello, I am from Hindi Wikibooks (hiwikibooks) where I am trying to manage cataloguing. We have nearly all our templates imported from enwikibooks and follow the same structure. I'm just curious about the future of this "Subject:" namespace here on English Wikibooks. Because, we, at Hindi project, still have a very few pages in this namespace, created following the practice here. But we have a lot of (comparable to our no. of pages) redlinks there yet to be created (and someone may create them accidentality in belief that they are actually needed, as I have done it myself). I just want to ask if they are worth creating. If not, we can stop their creation (still being a NEW and small wikiproject). Please suggest. --[[User:SM7|SM7]] ([[User talk:SM7|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SM7|contribs]]) 05:40, 16 June 2021 (UTC) :We use them, and intend to continue using them, to group together books on a similar subject. If you only have a few books, you probably don't need them [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:54, 16 June 2021 (UTC) == Android 2113853211 == Created on 1 Apr 2021, Android 2113853211 mostly edits on simple English Wikipedia. However, Android 2113853211 was globally locked after 42 days and 800 edits. Android 2113853211 was not blocked here until 14 days after being globally locked, despite Android 2113853211 not editing here. [[Special:Contributions/79.67.17.238|79.67.17.238]] ([[User talk:79.67.17.238|discuss]]) 15:21, 23 June 2021 (UTC) :The blocking is performed to block the underlying IP address which a global lock does not do. The account was blocked here as it was a sockpuppet of another user. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 15:27, 23 June 2021 (UTC) == importer permissions == Hi, I wanted to ask you something. So I realize that as an admin, I can add myself to a few user groups, one of them being importer. I'm being very careful with my administrative responsibilities and always ask first before trying something new. I've used the import tool a number of times (mainly for Wikipedia and StrategyWiki under the [[Wikibooks:Importers]] guidelines). So basically, seeing as you promoted me to temporary admin, I wanted to ask if I have permission to promote myself to importer, as I can forsee myself using import, even after three months, to transwiki some Wikipedia articles (e.g. [[Mario_franchise_strategy_guide/Enemies/Bob-omb]] -- its page history was deleted but provided to me by a Wikipedia admin upon request; more info on the guide's [[Talk:Mario franchise strategy guide|talk page]]) for the video game strategy guide wikibooks here. At the same time I feel I need to make an effort to try and be more original with my writing on some of the existing wikibook pages. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:10, 1 July 2021 (UTC) :no you shouldn't give yourself permissions, as that's not what the community approved when giving you temporary admin rights. However, the admin rights includes importing and I think using this right would be acceptable to the community. If you want importer after your temp admin expires, you should request it at RFP. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:00, 2 July 2021 (UTC) ::Makes sense, thank you [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 13:32, 3 July 2021 (UTC) == Radiation Oncology == Who are those IPv6 editors there? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:59, 20 July 2021 (UTC) :Does https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:AbuseFilter/69 look OK to you? Equivalent to semi-protecting the entire book. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:34, 20 July 2021 (UTC) ::{{Ping|Leaderboard}} Yes, I was just fiddling around trying to do the same thing a different way. But yours looks okay [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 11:36, 20 July 2021 (UTC) == [[Special:Contributions/WilsonD055]] == Hello, you might want to globally lock and perform a sleeper check. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 18:09, 27 July 2021 (UTC) :The editor was hopping IPs every 2 minutes... no sleepers on any of them but it is hardly definitive as they are clearly able to move around quickly. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 07:52, 28 July 2021 (UTC) :: Thanks. I am pretty sure that this is not an "editor" in the strict sense by the way, since their userpage had the pattern of the ntsamr spambot. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:18, 28 July 2021 (UTC) == en.wiki troll has taken up residence here == (tried to post at Admin Assistance, but that's semi'd. Have to admit, it's hard for a non-autoconfirmed user to know where to ask for help. Probably true for en.wiki too, of course... Anyway, luckily I recognized your name and you seem active). Just got notified of this editor leaving me a message: [[Special:Contributions/TwilightSparkleCuddleBear453]]. Compare to this en.wiki troll, blocked by me a few days ago (no URL because your edit filter thinks I'm spamming you; this is '''on en.wiki''') User_talk:Twilight_Sparkle_222#I_am_blocked. An en.wiki CU said there is previous abuse on multiple accounts. I can solve my problem by turning off cross-wiki notifications. But just FYI, they're likely going to be a timesink for you folks too, unless you block and maybe CU them. Don't get tricked into thinking they are a new user making newbie mistakes (like, for example, posting to Misza13's talk page). --[[User:Floquenbeam|Floquenbeam]] ([[User talk:Floquenbeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Floquenbeam|contribs]]) 21:58, 3 September 2021 (UTC) : Thanks for the warning. There's something odd about the account. Will look more later as I need to put my Steward hat on and delve into the details. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 23:26, 3 September 2021 (UTC) == Thanks == Hi, how are you doing? Just saw your comment on my page. I was a bit confused myself and just chose to ignore the message. The part beneath it ''This survey is primarily meant to get feedback....'' also confused me a bit though i realise that it was originally part of another message.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 09:48, 8 September 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|Xania}} Yes I'm good, hope you're keeping well. The editor had created a bunch of "rules" he was trying to enforce on the book so I assume it was somehow related to that. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 09:52, 8 September 2021 (UTC) == Thanks! == Thanks! [[Special:Contributions/96.18.219.55|96.18.219.55]] ([[User talk:96.18.219.55|discuss]]) 16:38, 28 October 2021 (UTC) == Restoring a deleted page == Dear QuiteUnusual, you have recently deleted a page: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anorgaaniline_Keemia/Atmosfääri_osakesed It is not spam. Please help me restore the content and move it to a proper place at Estonian wikibooks. By mistake the author entered "en" instead of "et". Me and my student would be very grateful for your assistance as we are not so proficient with wikibooks. --Vladislav Ivaništšev 19:43, 3 December 2021 (UTC) {{unsigned|Olunet}} == More Bureaucrats == You appear to be the only bureaucrat on the English Wikibooks, so can you promote me and 3 other users to bureaucrats because I am experienced have never breached any Wikibooks policy. [[User:Faster than Thunder|Faster than Thunder]] ([[User talk:Faster than Thunder|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Faster than Thunder|contribs]]) 01:09, 20 December 2021 (UTC) No I can't. You need to be elected by the community. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 01:22, 20 December 2021 (UTC) == Misconduct == Thank you for destroying the work of hours within 5 minutes! There is nothing left than to report you. --[[User:Platonykiss|Platonykiss]] ([[User talk:Platonykiss|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Platonykiss|contribs]]) 15:20, 22 December 2021 (UTC) :Actually what would be more helpful is for you to provide a link to the original source, so that you can comply with the site license and not publish a copyright violation. Then the work can be restored. As you are clearly copying someone else's work they probably think yours is the misconduct. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 18:58, 22 December 2021 (UTC) == Please see.......... == .....my follow up question at Discussion.--[[User:Buddpaul|Buddpaul]] ([[User talk:Buddpaul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Buddpaul|contribs]]) 18:08, 30 December 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> 18:14, 4 January 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(3)&oldid=22532499 --> == Deleted pages == Hi, I recently got into deleted works of fiction. I understand that they are out of scope and don’t request to revive them. However, some of them are interesting and I would like to read them. Could you please email me the content of [[A Fiction Story About Free Fall: The 22 Million Mile Tower]], [[The Router That Got Away Lyrics]], [[Least Defensive Starter Pokémon]], [[September 2020 masculine names disaster]], [[Backpack Bear Introduces The Computer]], and [[Natural science and technology teacher's guide]]? <br>Also, while searching in the deletion log I have found strategy guides that were deleted back when they were out of scope that are yet to be revived. Here they are: [[Loving an unpopular Pokémon vs loving an unpopular name]], [[How to calculate the HP range for a species of Pokémon]], [[Effective stats]], and [[Pokémon Level 30]]. <br>Sorry for the very long message and thanks in advance, -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] <span style="color:purple;">From Middle English Wikipedia</span> 📜📖💻 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 13:30, 28 January 2022 (UTC) :Never mind. I will request in requests for undeletion. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] <span style="color:purple;">From Middle English Wikipedia</span> 📜📖💻 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 14:23, 29 January 2022 (UTC) == List of Unreviewed pages == Hello, I want to know that these pages ([[Wikijunior:Life]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland|Countries A-Z/Poland]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal|Portugal]]) and may be more pages are not reviewed but I can't find these pages in List of [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUnreviewedPages&namespace=110&category= Unreviewed pages]. Why? [[User:Zsohl|<span style="font-family:'Trebuchet MS'; color:#217d00;font-size:16px">'''Z'''sohl </span>]] <sup style="font-family:Trebuchet MS; color:#9971DA;font-size:12px">[[User talk:Zsohl| (discuss]]•[[Special:Contributions/Zsohl|contribs)]]</sup> 16:00, 3 February 2022 (UTC) :{{Ping|Zsohl}} The list of unreviewed pages lists pages that have '''never''' been reviewed. If they have been reviewed, but have changes that have not been reviewed, they are listed at [[Special:PendingChanges]]. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:50, 3 February 2022 (UTC) ::@[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]: Thanks for reply. But these pages are never been reviewed ( [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland|Countries A-Z/Poland]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal|Portugal]]). What about these? [[User:Zsohl|<span style="font-family:'Trebuchet MS'; color:#217d00;font-size:16px">'''Z'''sohl </span>]] <sup style="font-family:Trebuchet MS; color:#9971DA;font-size:12px">[[User talk:Zsohl| (discuss]]•[[Special:Contributions/Zsohl|contribs)]]</sup> 16:56, 3 February 2022 (UTC) :::Looks like a bug. If you look at [[Special:ValidationStatistics]] you can see 53 are unreviewed, but they don't appear on the list of unreviewed pages. While the unreviewed pages is cached it is updated as of 1 Feb so that can't be the cause. I'll need to raise a bug on Phabricator. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:51, 4 February 2022 (UTC) == == Hi ,[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] you had deleted page Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Documents_on_the_Persian_Gulf%27s_name] mentioned (Source texts belong at Wikisource. I would like to translate the book from its original text of persian wiki books not in detail but in short . specially parts that explain about the the roots of the names of Iran- Oman sea- Indian ocean erythraen sea, Arabian sea and ... would you please advise me about. --[[User:Cultural sec|Cultural sec]] ([[User talk:Cultural sec|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cultural sec|contribs]]) 08:32, 4 May 2022 (UTC) :A translation is also a source text. An annotated text is acceptable. In this case you should request an [[WB:RFI|import]] of the original text. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:52, 4 May 2022 (UTC) == Permission for [[Saint Michael: Early Anglo-Saxon Tradition]] == This has been submitted as [[Ticket:2022022210010563]]. It looks like you don't have access to permissions, so I can move it back to sister-projects if you'd like to take it over. Otherwise we can take a look at it in permissions and get back to you about it. Whichever you'd prefer. [[User:VernoWhitney|VernoWhitney]] ([[User talk:VernoWhitney|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VernoWhitney|contribs]]) 19:28, 5 May 2022 (UTC) :{{ping|VernoWhitney}} I'm more than happy for you to look at it in permissions. I had a quick look and I don't see clear evidence that the person who sent it is related to the estate, or the copyright holder, but I'm not an expert. Thanks. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 13:21, 9 May 2022 (UTC) ::I went through the VRT help pages for additional guidance and am inclined to approve it and have noted my reasoning in the Ticket. Unless you disagree I'll let you tag the book (or whatever you do to notate permission here on wikibooks) and then I'll reply. [[User:VernoWhitney|VernoWhitney]] ([[User talk:VernoWhitney|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VernoWhitney|contribs]]) 15:27, 9 May 2022 (UTC) ::::{{ping|VernoWhitney}} Thanks, your reasoning looks sound. I have tagged the page. Appreciate your work on this - regards. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:34, 10 May 2022 (UTC) == Double redirect protected == See [[User:QU~enwikibooks]] and talkpage. Please fix to help clear out [[Special:DoubleRedirects]] <sub> [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:orange">L10nM4st3r</span>]]/[[User_talk:L10nM4st3r|<span tyle="color:#fed8b1">Roar at me</span>]]</sub> 15:06, 1 July 2022 (UTC) :Thanks, done. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:59, 5 July 2022 (UTC) == Plasma Fusion Preface == Hi! I wonder what you think of "my" book? I will not do anything more to it, you are free to edit as you like but I am quite satisfied with the book as it is. [[User:Knoppson|Knoppson]] ([[User talk:Knoppson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Knoppson|contribs]]) 16:32, 4 July 2022 (UTC) :It's a strange name, and it isn't structured like a book - that's the structural "issue". Other than that, I have no comment on the content. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:58, 5 July 2022 (UTC) == Interlingue para principiantes == Hi, I see you left a comment in the book [[Interlingue para principiantes]] created by {{ping|Caro de Segeda}} that only books in English are accepted. I think if there’s such a thing as “Interlingue Wikibooks” it should be imported to there. If not, then I would suggest maybe moving it to the user space of the user for the time being however if the policy says to delete it after a certain amount of time (7 days?), then I think it’s fair. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 14:57, 24 July 2022 (UTC) :I checked and Interlingue Wikibooks does exist and can be found [https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal here]. I think the book should be imported. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 15:00, 24 July 2022 (UTC) ::There's no point importing it because it isn't in English. Unless the editor is going to translate it to English, it'd just be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:25, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :::Thanks for the reply. The rule that books should be written in English is valid for English Wikibooks. I assume this book is written in Interlingue therefore I suggest importing it to Interlingue Wikibooks where it will fit in perfectly. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 09:54, 25 July 2022 (UTC) ::::I think he means '''exporting''' it from here to Interlingue, not '''importing'''.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 14:08, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :::::It's already there though, at the link above... [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 14:14, 25 July 2022 (UTC) ::::::Xania is correct. I meant exporting it from English Wikibooks to Interlingue Wikibooks. I’m not sure what you mean by “it’s already there”. The link above is to the main page of Interlingue Wikibooks. I tried searching “Interlingue para principiantes” and it doesn’t appear they have a book with that title or a similar one. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 18:36, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :You don't need admin rights to Export. You may need rights on the ia project to import it - you'll need to ask there. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:27, 26 July 2022 (UTC) ::Unfortunately there hasn’t been any activity in ia.wikibooks during the last 30 days except for bots leaving messages and new account creations. Also there are no admins except the anti abuse filter and no importers. P.s. is it possible to export it and upload the xml dump to commons.wikimedia? Thanks in advance, -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 13:15, 26 July 2022 (UTC) == Admin request == In the middle of an edit, I somehow got logged out. Please can you hide my IP from [[Guide to the Godot game engine/Debugging]]. Thanks. <sup> [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:orange">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|<span tyle="color:#fed8b1">Roar at me</span>]]</sub> 11:06, 10 August 2022 (UTC) :It's done. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:09, 10 August 2022 (UTC) == [[User_talk:2603:7080:C43D:1882:A1DD:9973:EBC1:C9C1]]== This user is requesting to be unblocked. Can you take care of it if you can recall why they were blocked?--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 00:51, 16 September 2022 (UTC) == Indefinite IP blocks == Hello. Generally, IPs shouldn't be blocked indefinitely as it will be randomly assigned to different users. Kindly review [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:BlockList?wpTarget=&wpOptions%5B%5D=tempblocks&wpOptions%5B%5D=userblocks&blockType=&limit=50&wpFormIdentifier=blocklist the blocks] you made and adjust accordingly. Thanks. --[[User:Minorax|<span style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color:#69C;">Minorax</span>]]<sup>&laquo;&brvbar;[[User talk:Minorax|'''talk''']]&brvbar;&raquo;</sup> 11:36, 23 September 2022 (UTC) :They all remain appropriate. For those without talk page access, there remains CU evidence of an ongoing risk of harassment or abuse. The others can always request an unblock. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:50, 23 September 2022 (UTC) == Question about redirects == Hi @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I noticed that you [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=5089635 deleted the redirect] I created for [[Cookbook:Chili Sauce]]. I was wondering why, since it didn't match the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]]. The term "chili sauce" is likely to be searched by users, and inexperienced users may link to [[Cookbook:Chili Sauce]] when adding links to ingredient lists, so it seems only appropriate that this redirect exists. Can you clarify your reasoning for the deletion? Thanks!! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:34, 7 October 2022 (UTC) :Simple, we don't use "article" style redirects this way at Wikibooks. It's a style thing. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:33, 10 October 2022 (UTC) ::I see, thanks! Could you point me to the wikibooks style guide or community consensus that says this so that I can reference it for the future? And, should the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy%20deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]] be edited to reflect the fact that even terms likely to be searched for should not be made into redirects? Also, can you point me to the better and accepted way to account for the issue of such terms that inexperienced users are likely to search for and link to? In my editing of the cookbook I frequently run across the issue of multiple terms existing for, say, one ingredient, and it actively inhibits cohesion and comprehensibility of the cookbook when there's no way to connect all the different terms people use for the same thing. [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:49, 12 November 2022 (UTC) ::: I think that the speedy deletion reason would be "Pages with no meaningful content", as a "chilly sauce" research should show every recipes mentioning it equally (and we don't want one to have the monopoly). But as [[Cookbook:Chili Paste]] don't use this exact term, it could be interesting to add it in the wikicode (visible or not), like for SEO. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 12:15, 19 November 2022 (UTC) == Revdel == Hello, was [[Special:Redirect/logid/5091767|this]] intentional? [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:03, 21 October 2022 (UTC) : I realise now the link is not particularly helpful thanks to how MW displays the action. I'm talking about https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?action=historysubmit&type=logging&revisiondelete=1&ids[5091766]=1&ids[5091765]=1. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:06, 21 October 2022 (UTC) ::I don't understand your question fully, but if you mean did I intend to hide two entries in the deletion log, then yes I did. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:09, 21 October 2022 (UTC) ::: Even if you hid the titles because of the propagandist wording, I don't see why hiding the username was necessary... [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 14:06, 12 November 2022 (UTC) ::::Because I judged it so based on CheckUser data. I won't be providing any further information per the WMF policy. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:16, 14 November 2022 (UTC) == I replied to your deletion request... == [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Free Energy does not Exist]] -- [[User:Vinyasi|Vinyasi]] ([[User talk:Vinyasi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vinyasi|contribs]]) 16:55, 21 October 2022 (UTC) :[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance#How do I improve my wikibook, or is it impossible to improve it?]] -- [[User:Vinyasi|Vinyasi]] ([[User talk:Vinyasi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vinyasi|contribs]]) 13:42, 24 October 2022 (UTC) <blockquote>''Deletion is not inevitable. I don't see a problem with the book but maybe the person who tagged it for deletion can share their thoughts.''--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 04:29, 24 October 2022 (UTC)</blockquote> == SHB2000 == Was that person not supposed to get temporary adminship? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 15:11, 3 January 2023 (UTC) :Also, we've promoted people to temp admin with 4 supports (see 2005-Fan's request). I hence find both your responses strange. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 15:18, 3 January 2023 (UTC) ::Well, that's because it's down to my judgement - e.g., on how much weight I place on the people expressing an opinion. As for temp v's perm. They requested / discussed both. Opinions were expressed both ways and I concluded the way I did. If you don't like it you are free to request it is changed or removed, although I won't be doing it for reasons that will be clear soon. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 17:25, 3 January 2023 (UTC) == A quick hello == Hi, I was just poking around, seeing how WB was doing, seeing if anyone I knew from the old days was still around. It looks like you've had a handle change? I hope this not finds you well. [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 04:03, 15 February 2023 (UTC) :Hi, not many of the "old guard" left around and it's been a sad place (for me) since Pi zero died a few years ago... Glad to hear from you. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:24, 27 February 2023 (UTC) == Hello == Hello, I am the author of supplementary mathematics book. I came from another account, I wanted to ask if you can help me in writing the book. [[User:Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia]] ([[User talk:Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|contribs]]) 11:09, 1 April 2023 (UTC) == Help needed == Hi @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I have been encountering a user who continuously takes text from other Wiki projects (mostly Wikipedia), translates it (using an online translation tool, I'm pretty sure), and then pastes it in without attribution or linking back to the original page. I have tried on multiple occasions to tell them to stop doing this since it goes [[Help:Importing|against policy]] and disrupts the chain of attribution, but they either don't understand or are being willfully ignorant. Do you have any advice for me here? I'm uncomfortable with letting this continue. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:52, 23 June 2023 (UTC) :See [[Supplementary mathematics/Torus]] for the latest example post-warnings. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 23 June 2023 (UTC) ::If it looks like a copyvio, delete it immediately, then block. Keep extending the block each time... I'm afraid we've had this before (there was an infamous IP editor who came here each year after their blocked expired and would set off copy / pasting from other Wiki sites until i blocked him. Went on for 7 years). They'll either learn, or end up blocked indef. That's unfortunate but there's no excuse for continuous copyright / attribution breaking (which is also a copyright violation). [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 18:05, 23 June 2023 (UTC) :::Got it—thanks for the help! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:27, 24 June 2023 (UTC) :::@MarcGarver........ You are disgusting....You fool.Do you know how angry I am?😠. Firstly Why did you delete my page?You know what,You can block me and my account.You ruined my day [[User:Symbol Mosieleng|Symbol Mosieleng]] ([[User talk:Symbol Mosieleng|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Symbol Mosieleng|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 July 2023 (UTC) == Please help with Folkstyle Wrestling/Advanced Wrestling Strategy webpage == https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Folkstyle_Wrestling/Advanced_Wrestling_Strategy The text is NOT related to folkstyle wrestling. The text is related more to some sort of backyard style of wrestling. In folkstyle wrestling, there are weight classes and the wrestlers, except for the heavyweight wrestler, wrestle opponents their weight. While the mount might be an advanced pinning hold, it's description is not appropriate for an audience interested in amateur high school or college wrestling. I don't know how to fix this. I am a noob when it comes to editing wiki. I will only make a mess if I try. I am NOT an expert on folkstyle wrestling. Please contact an expert on the sport to get correct information for this page. I only know the information on this page is wrong and inappropriate. [[User:Ricks9001|Ricks9001]] ([[User talk:Ricks9001|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ricks9001|contribs]]) 23:11, 29 July 2023 (UTC) == [[Special:Contributions/Matthew Tameirao]] == Hello, I suspect there might be more sockpuppets looking at the recent [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Versions?action=history&limit=500 history]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 15:42, 30 July 2023 (UTC) : fyi, since [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao1225]] was blocked, [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao12]] and [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao317]] are at least very suspicious. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 23:26, 30 July 2023 (UTC) == Advice needed == Hello @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! There appears to be an individual rapidly and regularly contributing vast numbers of pages with health information, all unsourced. They edit from multiple IPs, and they don't seem to respond to messages left on the discussion page (probably has to do with changing IPs). I have a few main concerns that I'm not quite sure how to handle: * The sheer volume and rate of the contributions makes me wonder whether they are really writing all of it themselves and whether there could be a copyvio issue. I can't find any issues using copyvios.toolforge.org, but that still doesn't completely rule the issue out. * The fact that they are adding a large amount of biological/health-related information is somewhat concerning, as it seems to me like those topics should be robustly supported with at least basic sourcing. * The fact that they are editing significantly from an IP and aren't responsive to communication concerns me, since I'm not sure how to get in touch with them and engage in discussion about their contributions. Any advice would be appreciated! @[[User:Xania|Xania]] @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] @[[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] if any of you are around and have insight, it would be welcome as well. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:39, 12 September 2023 (UTC) :We have seen this before. They don't respond to talk page messages and are almost certainly copyright violating from an offline source. You don't need evidence that they are violating copyright, you just need to ask them to provide a source as the onus is on them to prove they own the material. See [[User:Chrisho952|Chrisho952]] as an example of a user I indef blocked in the end. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:48, 12 September 2023 (UTC) ::Got it, thank you. Would it be appropriate to delete the pages if they remain unsourced without response? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:26, 12 September 2023 (UTC) :::{{re|Kittycataclysm}}, yes (definitely). [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:28, 12 September 2023 (UTC) == CU Request == Hello @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! Can we get a CU on User:Mohammadkop1386? Based on activity and other factors, I'm concerned it may be a new account to evade a block. [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:51, 14 October 2023 (UTC) :There's no evidence of abuse. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 16 October 2023 (UTC) ::Okay thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:32, 16 October 2023 (UTC) == A book idea == Hi MarcGarver, How do you think I should go about creating a book meant to document the October 7th Massacre? Thanks in advance, -[[User:D1n05aur5 4ever|D1n05aur5 4ever]] ([[User talk:D1n05aur5 4ever|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/D1n05aur5 4ever|contribs]]) 17:46, 1 May 2024 (UTC) :I would start by writing one paragraph that describes what the book is about, like you would find on a dust jacket of a print book. This is what I first wrote when planning [[Castles of England]]: ::"This book is about castles in England, their development and design through the medieval period. Castles developed throughout this period in response to the changing demands placed on them. Before the beginning of the period covered, England was under threat from invaders like the Vikings, driving people to construct fortifications to protect their land and holdings. Following the Norman invasion, more powerful castles were required so that the Normans could consolidate their hold over the country. Castles continued to develop in response to more effective siege weapons and the various civil wars and conflicts. Finally, as England became more peaceful, the castle became more a comfortable home than a defensive structure, although still needing to be strong enough to defend against small roving bands of men." :By taking the time to think first about what the book is about, it helped focus my thoughts on what content to include. The next step I suggest is writing a list of chapter titles. This will flesh out your idea and place it in the right sequence. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 19:38, 1 May 2024 (UTC) == Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear Wikimedian, You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:17, 2 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list&oldid=26721206 --> == [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance#Another_user_editing_User:Jay_Bolero's_user_page]] == Hello, can I have your feedback here? CU is needed, and it is related to [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/February#Alert_about_possible_evasion_of_previous_1-week_block_at_English_Wikibooks_(CU_needed?)]] that was previously handled by you. Your assistance is always appreciated. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 07:31, 1 August 2024 (UTC) == [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]], What is the problem with my textbook material? Where is the discussion of deleting pages? — [[User:Виктор Пинчук|Виктор Пинчук]] ([[User talk:Виктор Пинчук|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Виктор Пинчук|contribs]]) 19:00, 24 October 2024 (UTC) :The discussion is [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_deletion#Various_pages_in_Basics_of_fine-art_photography here] [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 20:45, 24 October 2024 (UTC) ivpf9zm4qwayj3xuxrtqppjf9yp8sbn 4442395 4442394 2024-10-24T20:46:35Z MarcGarver 134830 /* Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance#Another_user_editing_User:Jay_Bolero's_user_page */ 4442395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{bottom}}}|yes |{{tmbox |small = |image = none |style = text-align:center; |text = '''Please place new discussions at the bottom of the page.''' }} }}{{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|1|0}}*{{#ifeq:|yes|1|0}}| <table style="text-align:center; border: 1px solid #000000; border-bottom: none; background-color:#FFFFF3"> <tr> <th style="font-size: 85%">This is a <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span></span> [[WB:TALK|user discussion page]]. This is not a textbook or the discussion page for a textbook. If you find this page on any site other than <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span>,</span> you are viewing a mirror site. Be aware that the page may be outdated, and that the user this page belongs to may have no personal affiliation with any site other than <span style="white-space: nowrap"><span>&#87;&#105;<!-- Wikibooks -->&#107;&#105;</span><span>&#98;&#111;&#111;&#107;&#115;</span></span> itself. The original page is located at <span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;">[http://en.wiki<!---->books.org/wiki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}} <span>http://en.wiki</span><!----><span>books.org/wi</span><span>ki/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</span>].</span> </th></tr></table> }} <table {{#ifexpr:{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|1|0}}*{{#ifeq:|yes|1|0}} |width="100%" align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #000000; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 0px" |class="tmbox tmbox-notice plainlinks" id="talkheader" style="width: 80%; border-collapse: separate" }} ><tr> <th colspan=4 style="border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c090; width: 100%">{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|User talk|This is [[{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]'s [[WB:DISCUSS|discussion page]], where you can send messages and comments to {{PAGENAME}}.|This is the [[WB:DISCUSS|discussion page]] for discussing {{#if:|[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] and anything related to its purposes and tasks|improvements to the [[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}]] {{pagetype}}}}.}}</th> </tr><tr> <td style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid #c0c090">{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}||*'''This is not a forum for general discussion of the page's subject.'''}} * '''Put new text under old text.''' [{{fullurl:{{TALKPAGENAMEE}}|action=edit&section=new}} Click here to start a new topic]. * '''Please sign and date your posts''' by typing four tildes (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>). * '''New to Wikibooks?''' [[Wikibooks:Welcome|Welcome]]! [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance|Ask questions, get answers]]. </td><td> * [[Wikibooks:Be civil|Be polite]] * [[Wikibooks:Assume good faith|Assume good faith]] * [[Wikibooks:No personal attacks|Avoid personal attacks]] * [[Wikibooks:Please do not bite the newcomers|Be welcoming]] {{#switch:yes||{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}|no|yes}}=<td style="border-left: 1px solid #c0c090"><center> ; Textbook policies: </center> * [[Wikibooks:Original research|No original research]] * [[Wikibooks:Neutral point of view|Neutral point of view]] * [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks|Stay in scope]] </td> }}{{#if:|<td>{{shortcut||||| }}</td>}} </tr> {{#if:||{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive 1| <tr><td colspan=4 style="text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 1px 3px">'''[[WB:ARCHIVE|Archives]]:''' {{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive index|[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Archive index|Index]],&#32;}}{{Archive list|nobr=yes|root={{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</td> </tr> }} }} {{#if:| <tr><td colspan=4 style="text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #c0c090; padding: 0"><inputbox> type=fulltext prefix={{#tag:nowiki|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/}} searchbuttonlabel=Search archives break=no </inputbox></td> </tr> }} </table> == Transwiki categories == Regarding your [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Log?logid=4853293 deletion summary]: Should such categories just be removed from the transwiki pages? That would also clean up [[Special:WantedCategories]]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 12:38, 2 January 2021 (UTC) :{{Ping|1234qwer1234qwer4}} Yes, I agree with that. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 16:43, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :: I did some cleanup. As this is a task that will have to be done over and over again as new transwikis are imported, this might be a good task for a bot. @[[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] Could you add a task to automatically remove categories from pages in the Transwiki: namespace (108)? [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 16:07, 4 March 2021 (UTC) ::: Hello, I rather think that it's a human job to treat the transwiki pages instead of decorating them outside of the books (and maybe forget them a little more). [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 20:36, 4 March 2021 (UTC) == Need for additional sysops == Hi, I'm part of the SWMT (Small Wiki Monitoring Team), and I see you have active editors. You do not have many active admins (6), so I was wondering if you were in need of assistance on-wiki. If so, please do tell me, and I'll be happy to help. If you are in need of additional sysops, I can get those as well, or I am happy to help out myself. You can email me at this [[Special:EmailUser/BlackWidowMovie0|link]], reach me on IRC at <code>#wikimedia-stewards</code>, and on Discord at <code>BlackWidowMovie0#8377</code>. [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 20:11, 22 January 2021 (UTC) * User is cross-wiki hatcollector and sockpuppeteer; see, for example, [[testwiki:Wikipedia:Requests/Permissions/BlackWidowMovie0]]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 20:18, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :Incorrect, I socked on enwiki, and am moving on. I had a genuine need for the testwiki perms, which were denied. So.....hatcollector: '''X'''. Sockpupeteer: '''X'''. [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 20:27, 22 January 2021 (UTC) The usual criteria apply for administrators here - tenure, many productive contributions and an understanding of the unique nature of Wikibooks. This is a global Sysop project so I'd recommend you pursue that route. Getting administration rights here would likely take you at least a year or two of extensive editing, not just vandal reverting. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 20:31, 22 January 2021 (UTC) :{{u|QuiteUnusual}}, Thank you for the advice! If you ever need anything, don't hesitate to reach out. Thanks! [[User:BlackWidowMovie0|BlackWidowMovie0]] ([[User talk:BlackWidowMovie0|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlackWidowMovie0|contribs]]) 16:05, 23 January 2021 (UTC) == CheckUser == Hi, can you run a CheckUser on the account [[User:Seckends]]? They have very similar editing patterns to an IP that I've blocked for creating nonsensical pages. Thanks in advance. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 19:36, 31 January 2021 (UTC) Looks like a duck. Blocked [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 19:50, 31 January 2021 (UTC) == "Mermaid" CheckUser == Can you run a CheckUser on the following sets of accounts: * [[User:MermaidWhoCodes1912]] * [[User:Mermaid2602]] * [[User:MermaidWhoCodes]] * [[User:NFP02]] They are creating copyvio material (remember the C++ Wikibooks book they tried to create? Turns out that they're copying it from various sources), and repeatedly creating accounts despite my blocking. It would be helpful if you could block the underlying IP range. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 12:01, 3 February 2021 (UTC) :You got all of the accounts and autoblock is now in effect for the underlying IP addresses, so that should stop the problem. I'll keep an eye on it. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 12:57, 3 February 2021 (UTC) == Thank you for the assist == Thank you for pointing out how using the word "Shambles" was inappropriate on [[US History/Biden]]. I think I let my own personal experience in the pandemic color my writing, and I apologize for that. I will do better to remain neutral while editing. Thank you again, and apologies for my slip. --[[User:Mbrickn|Mbrickn]] ([[User talk:Mbrickn|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mbrickn|contribs]]) 22:08, 3 February 2021 (UTC) == Blocking using abusefilter == Any way we can get that to work (it seems to be absent here, unlike mediawiki)? Or do I need to file a Phabricator task? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 09:39, 4 February 2021 (UTC) :{{Ping|Leaderboard}} - a Phab task is required. Block is disabled by default on all wikis, then enabled by request on a small number. To enable it needs $wgAbuseFilterActions['block'] = true; added to the enwikibooks configuration section of abusefilter.php. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 10:43, 4 February 2021 (UTC) :I'll do it then, it's kind of urgent due to the chess spam. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 10:45, 4 February 2021 (UTC) == [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikimedia-l Wikimedia-1] == I can't seem to post anything there, so can you do that for me? I want to post about [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Proposals#Start_allowing_game_strategies]] because I think that this proposal will have wide-ranging changes to the entire Wikimedia community if passed, and hence want to get more consensus if possible. Thanks in advance. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:26, 14 February 2021 (UTC) == File:DUN config 1.png == I am not sure what you mean; it looks fine to me, with the Microsoft licensing template added...? Plus the rationale seems valid, and is no different to the fair-use images I've uploaded from Microsoft. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:53, 22 February 2021 (UTC) : I've undeleted one of them (Animated_paperclip.png); it's not "replaceable" as you claimed, because the context is not about the paperclip, but about the software that employed the paperclip, and is an example of poor usability. I might be misunderstanding something from a Wikibooks point of view however. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:59, 22 February 2021 (UTC) ::Fair Use would mean, in this context, that nothing else could be used to illustrate bad usability - including properly licensed content. That is, you would have to be discussing very specifically ONLY Microsoft poor usability and which is not what the book is about. E.g., I can't use a copyright picture from a bad movie to illustrate a book about bad movies in general. It would have to be both specifically about that movie, be absolutely necessary to illustrate why the movie was bad, etc. I think you have crossed a bright line on copyright to include it. Personally I think our EDP is legally questionable and is not rigid enough per the requirements the [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy Foundation lays down]. E.g., the [[w:Wikipedia:Non-free content|Wikipedia]] one is extensive and precise and I don't think the stuff I deleted would comply with their policy. Ours is about [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights#Non-free_materials_and_special_requirements three lines of text]. That however is a different issue. Probably worth a discussion in one of the Reading Rooms rather than wheel warring over it. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:18, 22 February 2021 (UTC) :::I hate the organisation of material here. So the actual policy is at [[Wikibooks:Media]]. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:27, 22 February 2021 (UTC) ::::I can see where you're coming from, but the paperclip image is a very good example. Is it worth using an inferior image that would not convey the idea as well for the sake of ensuring free use? A similar example can be given for the network images that you deleted. (As for the EDP, that's something we can consider for the proposals section) [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:45, 22 February 2021 (UTC) :::::You're as qualified as me to decide. If you think it is in line with the policy, then go ahead and use it. I was actually getting round to reviewing all the unreviewed Files here (having cleared the pending changes backlog) rather than specifically targeting particular images, and these ones looked out of line with the policy - most of the changes I made were to ones with no license or FU criteria. Happy to go with your opinion rather than mine on these specific ones. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:52, 22 February 2021 (UTC) == LTA == If you're already revdelling (which I don't know if it is necessary), you should also delete https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=4929610. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 21:04, 2 March 2021 (UTC) : {{re|1234qwer1234qwer4}}, I undid the initial revdel (which I think was due to a concern of a user accidentally posting their IP), not sure what exactly you want us to delete (or revdel?). [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 21:11, 2 March 2021 (UTC) :: Right, didn't see this. Thanks! [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 21:12, 2 March 2021 (UTC) I started the revdel because I was going to CU the account and if I needed to subsequently warn them then I would be linking their account to an IP which is strongly discouraged. It became unnecessary when it became obvious that it's was the same user logged out and an LTA. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 22:00, 2 March 2021 (UTC) == Archiving == Hi, would you mind removing an Amazon link from a comment you wrote and helping automated archiving? [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikibooks:Reading_room/Assistance&diff=3471734&oldid=3471614] It looks like the link prevents [[User:ArchiverBot|my bot]] from archiving the surrounding text because doing so will trigger [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. [https://archiving.toolforge.org/logs/run_enwb.txt.2021-01-14] A quick solution would be to [[mw:Help:Formatting#Text_formatting_markunp|nowiki]]-fy the external link. A similar situation [https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%A3%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%B0&oldid=prev&diff=80275294 happened at ja.wikipedia] and the same fix worked. [[User:Whym|Whym]] ([[User talk:Whym|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Whym|contribs]]) 10:51, 5 March 2021 (UTC) :I'll just refactor it and remove the link. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 10:55, 5 March 2021 (UTC) ::Thanks, I think the bot works as expected now. [[User:Whym|Whym]] ([[User talk:Whym|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Whym|contribs]]) 11:10, 5 March 2021 (UTC) == Air Safety Book.. == Not sure if you were focusing solely on 'mechanical' and human factors analysis, but I will note that the shift to 'fly-by-wire' systems, Airbus and Boeing being among the first to implement it in civil aviation, changed the risk profile. The earliest mention of fly-by-wire systems I can find in "The RISKS Digest" is in 1985. You are presumably aware of the issue with certain Boeing planes ( https://www.aviationlawmonitor.com/2019/03/accident-investigation-1/the-boeing-737-max-8-controversy-explained/ ) in the last few years? (which was partly software related.) [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 10:00, 2 April 2021 (UTC) :The extent of the content is likely to be linked to the causes of air safety incidents, so would include software, electronic, electromechanical, human, procedural and other failures. In real life I am, amongst other things, a human behaviour and a critical systems safety specialist, so these are likely to be the area of higher focus. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 09:51, 6 April 2021 (UTC) == [[Types of Electric Circuit]] == Hello sir. I have created a page that name is [[Types of Electric Circuit]]. But no one doesn't reviewed that page. So please check it's quality. Thank you [[User:Tanbirzx|Tanbirzx]] ([[User talk:Tanbirzx|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tanbirzx|contribs]]) 14:55, 8 April 2021 (UTC) :We talked about this in 2019 briefly. We don't have separate pages like this at Wikibooks, instead we have textbooks. Your page needs integrating into a book - until it is, it won't be quality reviewed. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 15:46, 8 April 2021 (UTC) == [[Poem of Sidi Boushaki]] == Hello [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]], Thank you for the interest you have shown in the article on the [[Poem of Sidi Boushaki]] which is one of the most studied [[Arabic grammar]] texts in the world, and of which several exegeses and comments have been published. I hope you will help me improve the presentation of the text in accordance with Wikibooks standards. Cordially. --[[User:Lofton05|Lofton05]] ([[User talk:Lofton05|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lofton05|contribs]]) 10:14, 19 April 2021 (UTC) :The main point is if this is just an article, or just a source text, then it is out of scope. If you are writing a book that explains the poem, or an annotation to the text, then that's fine. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 11:38, 19 April 2021 (UTC) == Some doubts == Hello, This might not be the right place to ask but I could not find any village pump like page here to communicate my doubts. So, I went on to check the Admins here and reached you. I am new here. But, I know somewhat about Wikipedia. I read some of the policies page here and I am still not sure whether we can add already published books here? Or, we are supposed to write new books only? I sent an Email also that I found from the Contact us page but got no reply. I am also confused about what will make any difference in the contents of Wikiversity and Wikibooks. Thanks in advane. And, sorry if I made a wrong move to ask you here. [[User:Lightbluerain|Lightbluerain]] ([[User talk:Lightbluerain|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lightbluerain|contribs]]) 18:04, 11 May 2021 (UTC) An already published book if it was open source would go to Wikisource, not here. Wikibooks is for writing new books [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 19:21, 11 May 2021 (UTC) :Alright. [[User:Lightbluerain|Lightbluerain]] ([[User talk:Lightbluerain|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lightbluerain|contribs]]) 03:22, 12 May 2021 (UTC) == Neutrality on a wikibooks page == Ok, I joined sometime last night/SUPER early this morning right. Ive been a wikipedia member for awile but anyways I was on pokemon fandom and started noticing multiple mistakes so I started fixing them and i ultimately ended up here. Well more accurately (wikibooks) and noticed someone had flagged a topic I was interested in for the hour and I didn't know who to tell as to working on fixing the "problem" if any at all? Lol Apologies in advance if I explain in too much detail [[User:BeatnikSnail|BeatnikSnail]] ([[User talk:BeatnikSnail|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BeatnikSnail|contribs]]) 09:10, 12 May 2021 (UTC) :I'm not sure I understand the question you are asking. If you are asking "can I fix or problem, or do I need to tell someone first?", then the answer is you can just fix it. As a new editor, your edits will likely be reviewed by more experienced editors who will check you haven't made any mistakes which can happen as the Wiki editor isn't the easiest to use. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 14:32, 13 May 2021 (UTC) == CU request == Can you run CheckUser on [[User:MarvinMarie90]]? Seeing different accounts post identical spam, and hence think a rangeblock on the underlying IPs would be needed. P.S: do you think I should run for CheckUser, given that Xania is inactive? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 20:18, 16 May 2021 (UTC) : Unfortunately there's no common range. Feel free to run for CU. It may take a while to get the required 25 votes but theres no problem with the request staying open as long as necessary. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 21:12, 16 May 2021 (UTC) ::Do you think that it should be added to the sitenotice? Seems to be practice for past CU nominations but not sure if it's right here. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:59, 30 May 2021 (UTC) :::You can add a sitenotice if you want. It'll probably help. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 07:51, 2 June 2021 (UTC) ::::Would it be OK to politely nudge those that are active (and that I interact with) but haven't voted? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:12, 14 July 2021 (UTC) :::::I would think so. We don't have the same focus on canvasing as at Wikipedia, but you should avoid appearing to badger people to support you. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:19, 14 July 2021 (UTC) == YGM == Kindly take a look at your email. Thanks. --[[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Minorax|contribs]]) 05:39, 26 May 2021 (UTC) :I did thanks and that's what led to my note on the talk page of the editor in question. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:23, 26 May 2021 (UTC) ::Seems like the editor doesn't want to address the issue that led to the global lock. --[[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Minorax|contribs]]) 15:41, 27 May 2021 (UTC) == Literature and reading guides on Wikibooks == Can Wikibooks be used for books about literature such as compendiums of synopses and reading guides?--[[User:Darrelljon|Darrelljon]] ([[User talk:Darrelljon|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Darrelljon|contribs]]) 14:00, 28 May 2021 (UTC) :things like a parallel text of reading guide are permitted, but I wouldn't expect to see one in Wikijunior as this is an unlikely audience for such a book. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 14:44, 28 May 2021 (UTC) == Invitation for Functionary consultation 2021 == Greetings, I'm letting you know in advance about a meeting I'd like to invite you to regarding the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] and the community's ownership of its future enforcement. I'm still in the process of putting together the details, but I wanted to share the date with you: 27 June, 2021. I do not have a time on this date yet, but I will let you soon. We have created a [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Functionary consultations/June and July 2021|meta page]] with basic information. Please take a look at the meta page and sign up your name under the appropriate section. Thank you for your time.--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] 15:06, 2 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/UCoC_Group&oldid=21533343 --> == Regarding Subject: namespace and its pages == Hello, I am from Hindi Wikibooks (hiwikibooks) where I am trying to manage cataloguing. We have nearly all our templates imported from enwikibooks and follow the same structure. I'm just curious about the future of this "Subject:" namespace here on English Wikibooks. Because, we, at Hindi project, still have a very few pages in this namespace, created following the practice here. But we have a lot of (comparable to our no. of pages) redlinks there yet to be created (and someone may create them accidentality in belief that they are actually needed, as I have done it myself). I just want to ask if they are worth creating. If not, we can stop their creation (still being a NEW and small wikiproject). Please suggest. --[[User:SM7|SM7]] ([[User talk:SM7|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SM7|contribs]]) 05:40, 16 June 2021 (UTC) :We use them, and intend to continue using them, to group together books on a similar subject. If you only have a few books, you probably don't need them [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 08:54, 16 June 2021 (UTC) == Android 2113853211 == Created on 1 Apr 2021, Android 2113853211 mostly edits on simple English Wikipedia. However, Android 2113853211 was globally locked after 42 days and 800 edits. Android 2113853211 was not blocked here until 14 days after being globally locked, despite Android 2113853211 not editing here. [[Special:Contributions/79.67.17.238|79.67.17.238]] ([[User talk:79.67.17.238|discuss]]) 15:21, 23 June 2021 (UTC) :The blocking is performed to block the underlying IP address which a global lock does not do. The account was blocked here as it was a sockpuppet of another user. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 15:27, 23 June 2021 (UTC) == importer permissions == Hi, I wanted to ask you something. So I realize that as an admin, I can add myself to a few user groups, one of them being importer. I'm being very careful with my administrative responsibilities and always ask first before trying something new. I've used the import tool a number of times (mainly for Wikipedia and StrategyWiki under the [[Wikibooks:Importers]] guidelines). So basically, seeing as you promoted me to temporary admin, I wanted to ask if I have permission to promote myself to importer, as I can forsee myself using import, even after three months, to transwiki some Wikipedia articles (e.g. [[Mario_franchise_strategy_guide/Enemies/Bob-omb]] -- its page history was deleted but provided to me by a Wikipedia admin upon request; more info on the guide's [[Talk:Mario franchise strategy guide|talk page]]) for the video game strategy guide wikibooks here. At the same time I feel I need to make an effort to try and be more original with my writing on some of the existing wikibook pages. [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 16:10, 1 July 2021 (UTC) :no you shouldn't give yourself permissions, as that's not what the community approved when giving you temporary admin rights. However, the admin rights includes importing and I think using this right would be acceptable to the community. If you want importer after your temp admin expires, you should request it at RFP. Thanks - [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 13:00, 2 July 2021 (UTC) ::Makes sense, thank you [[User:2005-Fan|2005-Fan]] ([[User talk:2005-Fan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/2005-Fan|contribs]]) 13:32, 3 July 2021 (UTC) == Radiation Oncology == Who are those IPv6 editors there? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 08:59, 20 July 2021 (UTC) :Does https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:AbuseFilter/69 look OK to you? Equivalent to semi-protecting the entire book. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 11:34, 20 July 2021 (UTC) ::{{Ping|Leaderboard}} Yes, I was just fiddling around trying to do the same thing a different way. But yours looks okay [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 11:36, 20 July 2021 (UTC) == [[Special:Contributions/WilsonD055]] == Hello, you might want to globally lock and perform a sleeper check. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 18:09, 27 July 2021 (UTC) :The editor was hopping IPs every 2 minutes... no sleepers on any of them but it is hardly definitive as they are clearly able to move around quickly. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 07:52, 28 July 2021 (UTC) :: Thanks. I am pretty sure that this is not an "editor" in the strict sense by the way, since their userpage had the pattern of the ntsamr spambot. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:18, 28 July 2021 (UTC) == en.wiki troll has taken up residence here == (tried to post at Admin Assistance, but that's semi'd. Have to admit, it's hard for a non-autoconfirmed user to know where to ask for help. Probably true for en.wiki too, of course... Anyway, luckily I recognized your name and you seem active). Just got notified of this editor leaving me a message: [[Special:Contributions/TwilightSparkleCuddleBear453]]. Compare to this en.wiki troll, blocked by me a few days ago (no URL because your edit filter thinks I'm spamming you; this is '''on en.wiki''') User_talk:Twilight_Sparkle_222#I_am_blocked. An en.wiki CU said there is previous abuse on multiple accounts. I can solve my problem by turning off cross-wiki notifications. But just FYI, they're likely going to be a timesink for you folks too, unless you block and maybe CU them. Don't get tricked into thinking they are a new user making newbie mistakes (like, for example, posting to Misza13's talk page). --[[User:Floquenbeam|Floquenbeam]] ([[User talk:Floquenbeam|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Floquenbeam|contribs]]) 21:58, 3 September 2021 (UTC) : Thanks for the warning. There's something odd about the account. Will look more later as I need to put my Steward hat on and delve into the details. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 23:26, 3 September 2021 (UTC) == Thanks == Hi, how are you doing? Just saw your comment on my page. I was a bit confused myself and just chose to ignore the message. The part beneath it ''This survey is primarily meant to get feedback....'' also confused me a bit though i realise that it was originally part of another message.--[[User:Xania|ЗAНИA]] [[Image:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg|15px]][[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 09:48, 8 September 2021 (UTC) :{{ping|Xania}} Yes I'm good, hope you're keeping well. The editor had created a bunch of "rules" he was trying to enforce on the book so I assume it was somehow related to that. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 09:52, 8 September 2021 (UTC) == Thanks! == Thanks! [[Special:Contributions/96.18.219.55|96.18.219.55]] ([[User talk:96.18.219.55|discuss]]) 16:38, 28 October 2021 (UTC) == Restoring a deleted page == Dear QuiteUnusual, you have recently deleted a page: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anorgaaniline_Keemia/Atmosfääri_osakesed It is not spam. Please help me restore the content and move it to a proper place at Estonian wikibooks. By mistake the author entered "en" instead of "et". Me and my student would be very grateful for your assistance as we are not so proficient with wikibooks. --Vladislav Ivaništšev 19:43, 3 December 2021 (UTC) {{unsigned|Olunet}} == More Bureaucrats == You appear to be the only bureaucrat on the English Wikibooks, so can you promote me and 3 other users to bureaucrats because I am experienced have never breached any Wikibooks policy. [[User:Faster than Thunder|Faster than Thunder]] ([[User talk:Faster than Thunder|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Faster than Thunder|contribs]]) 01:09, 20 December 2021 (UTC) No I can't. You need to be elected by the community. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 01:22, 20 December 2021 (UTC) == Misconduct == Thank you for destroying the work of hours within 5 minutes! There is nothing left than to report you. --[[User:Platonykiss|Platonykiss]] ([[User talk:Platonykiss|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Platonykiss|contribs]]) 15:20, 22 December 2021 (UTC) :Actually what would be more helpful is for you to provide a link to the original source, so that you can comply with the site license and not publish a copyright violation. Then the work can be restored. As you are clearly copying someone else's work they probably think yours is the misconduct. [[User:QuiteUnusual|QuiteUnusual]] ([[User talk:QuiteUnusual|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/QuiteUnusual|contribs]]) 18:58, 22 December 2021 (UTC) == Please see.......... == .....my follow up question at Discussion.--[[User:Buddpaul|Buddpaul]] ([[User talk:Buddpaul|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Buddpaul|contribs]]) 18:08, 30 December 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> 18:14, 4 January 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(3)&oldid=22532499 --> == Deleted pages == Hi, I recently got into deleted works of fiction. I understand that they are out of scope and don’t request to revive them. However, some of them are interesting and I would like to read them. Could you please email me the content of [[A Fiction Story About Free Fall: The 22 Million Mile Tower]], [[The Router That Got Away Lyrics]], [[Least Defensive Starter Pokémon]], [[September 2020 masculine names disaster]], [[Backpack Bear Introduces The Computer]], and [[Natural science and technology teacher's guide]]? <br>Also, while searching in the deletion log I have found strategy guides that were deleted back when they were out of scope that are yet to be revived. Here they are: [[Loving an unpopular Pokémon vs loving an unpopular name]], [[How to calculate the HP range for a species of Pokémon]], [[Effective stats]], and [[Pokémon Level 30]]. <br>Sorry for the very long message and thanks in advance, -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] <span style="color:purple;">From Middle English Wikipedia</span> 📜📖💻 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 13:30, 28 January 2022 (UTC) :Never mind. I will request in requests for undeletion. -[[User:Gifnk dlm 2020|Gifnk dlm 2020]] <span style="color:purple;">From Middle English Wikipedia</span> 📜📖💻 ([[User talk:Gifnk dlm 2020|talk]]) 14:23, 29 January 2022 (UTC) == List of Unreviewed pages == Hello, I want to know that these pages ([[Wikijunior:Life]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland|Countries A-Z/Poland]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal|Portugal]]) and may be more pages are not reviewed but I can't find these pages in List of [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUnreviewedPages&namespace=110&category= Unreviewed pages]. Why? [[User:Zsohl|<span style="font-family:'Trebuchet MS'; color:#217d00;font-size:16px">'''Z'''sohl </span>]] <sup style="font-family:Trebuchet MS; color:#9971DA;font-size:12px">[[User talk:Zsohl| (discuss]]•[[Special:Contributions/Zsohl|contribs)]]</sup> 16:00, 3 February 2022 (UTC) :{{Ping|Zsohl}} The list of unreviewed pages lists pages that have '''never''' been reviewed. If they have been reviewed, but have changes that have not been reviewed, they are listed at [[Special:PendingChanges]]. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 16:50, 3 February 2022 (UTC) ::@[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]: Thanks for reply. But these pages are never been reviewed ( [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Poland|Countries A-Z/Poland]], [[Wikijunior:Countries A-Z/Portugal|Portugal]]). What about these? [[User:Zsohl|<span style="font-family:'Trebuchet MS'; color:#217d00;font-size:16px">'''Z'''sohl </span>]] <sup style="font-family:Trebuchet MS; color:#9971DA;font-size:12px">[[User talk:Zsohl| (discuss]]•[[Special:Contributions/Zsohl|contribs)]]</sup> 16:56, 3 February 2022 (UTC) :::Looks like a bug. If you look at [[Special:ValidationStatistics]] you can see 53 are unreviewed, but they don't appear on the list of unreviewed pages. While the unreviewed pages is cached it is updated as of 1 Feb so that can't be the cause. I'll need to raise a bug on Phabricator. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:51, 4 February 2022 (UTC) == == Hi ,[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] you had deleted page Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Documents_on_the_Persian_Gulf%27s_name] mentioned (Source texts belong at Wikisource. I would like to translate the book from its original text of persian wiki books not in detail but in short . specially parts that explain about the the roots of the names of Iran- Oman sea- Indian ocean erythraen sea, Arabian sea and ... would you please advise me about. --[[User:Cultural sec|Cultural sec]] ([[User talk:Cultural sec|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Cultural sec|contribs]]) 08:32, 4 May 2022 (UTC) :A translation is also a source text. An annotated text is acceptable. In this case you should request an [[WB:RFI|import]] of the original text. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:52, 4 May 2022 (UTC) == Permission for [[Saint Michael: Early Anglo-Saxon Tradition]] == This has been submitted as [[Ticket:2022022210010563]]. It looks like you don't have access to permissions, so I can move it back to sister-projects if you'd like to take it over. Otherwise we can take a look at it in permissions and get back to you about it. Whichever you'd prefer. [[User:VernoWhitney|VernoWhitney]] ([[User talk:VernoWhitney|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VernoWhitney|contribs]]) 19:28, 5 May 2022 (UTC) :{{ping|VernoWhitney}} I'm more than happy for you to look at it in permissions. I had a quick look and I don't see clear evidence that the person who sent it is related to the estate, or the copyright holder, but I'm not an expert. Thanks. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 13:21, 9 May 2022 (UTC) ::I went through the VRT help pages for additional guidance and am inclined to approve it and have noted my reasoning in the Ticket. Unless you disagree I'll let you tag the book (or whatever you do to notate permission here on wikibooks) and then I'll reply. [[User:VernoWhitney|VernoWhitney]] ([[User talk:VernoWhitney|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VernoWhitney|contribs]]) 15:27, 9 May 2022 (UTC) ::::{{ping|VernoWhitney}} Thanks, your reasoning looks sound. I have tagged the page. Appreciate your work on this - regards. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:34, 10 May 2022 (UTC) == Double redirect protected == See [[User:QU~enwikibooks]] and talkpage. Please fix to help clear out [[Special:DoubleRedirects]] <sub> [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:orange">L10nM4st3r</span>]]/[[User_talk:L10nM4st3r|<span tyle="color:#fed8b1">Roar at me</span>]]</sub> 15:06, 1 July 2022 (UTC) :Thanks, done. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:59, 5 July 2022 (UTC) == Plasma Fusion Preface == Hi! I wonder what you think of "my" book? I will not do anything more to it, you are free to edit as you like but I am quite satisfied with the book as it is. [[User:Knoppson|Knoppson]] ([[User talk:Knoppson|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Knoppson|contribs]]) 16:32, 4 July 2022 (UTC) :It's a strange name, and it isn't structured like a book - that's the structural "issue". Other than that, I have no comment on the content. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:58, 5 July 2022 (UTC) == Interlingue para principiantes == Hi, I see you left a comment in the book [[Interlingue para principiantes]] created by {{ping|Caro de Segeda}} that only books in English are accepted. I think if there’s such a thing as “Interlingue Wikibooks” it should be imported to there. If not, then I would suggest maybe moving it to the user space of the user for the time being however if the policy says to delete it after a certain amount of time (7 days?), then I think it’s fair. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 14:57, 24 July 2022 (UTC) :I checked and Interlingue Wikibooks does exist and can be found [https://ia.wikibooks.org/wiki/Pagina_principal here]. I think the book should be imported. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 15:00, 24 July 2022 (UTC) ::There's no point importing it because it isn't in English. Unless the editor is going to translate it to English, it'd just be deleted. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 07:25, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :::Thanks for the reply. The rule that books should be written in English is valid for English Wikibooks. I assume this book is written in Interlingue therefore I suggest importing it to Interlingue Wikibooks where it will fit in perfectly. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 09:54, 25 July 2022 (UTC) ::::I think he means '''exporting''' it from here to Interlingue, not '''importing'''.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 14:08, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :::::It's already there though, at the link above... [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 14:14, 25 July 2022 (UTC) ::::::Xania is correct. I meant exporting it from English Wikibooks to Interlingue Wikibooks. I’m not sure what you mean by “it’s already there”. The link above is to the main page of Interlingue Wikibooks. I tried searching “Interlingue para principiantes” and it doesn’t appear they have a book with that title or a similar one. -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 18:36, 25 July 2022 (UTC) :You don't need admin rights to Export. You may need rights on the ia project to import it - you'll need to ask there. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 10:27, 26 July 2022 (UTC) ::Unfortunately there hasn’t been any activity in ia.wikibooks during the last 30 days except for bots leaving messages and new account creations. Also there are no admins except the anti abuse filter and no importers. P.s. is it possible to export it and upload the xml dump to commons.wikimedia? Thanks in advance, -<span style="background:yellow;">[[User:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Слава🇺🇦Україні</span>🇺🇦<span style="color:blue;">Героям🇺🇦Слава🇺🇦</span>]]([[User talk:Slava Ukraini Heroyam Slava 123|talk]])🇺🇦</span> 13:15, 26 July 2022 (UTC) == Admin request == In the middle of an edit, I somehow got logged out. Please can you hide my IP from [[Guide to the Godot game engine/Debugging]]. Thanks. <sup> [[User:L10nM4st3r|<span style="color:orange">L10nM4st3r</span>]]</sup> / <sub>[[meta:User_talk:L10nM4st3r|<span tyle="color:#fed8b1">Roar at me</span>]]</sub> 11:06, 10 August 2022 (UTC) :It's done. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:09, 10 August 2022 (UTC) == [[User_talk:2603:7080:C43D:1882:A1DD:9973:EBC1:C9C1]]== This user is requesting to be unblocked. Can you take care of it if you can recall why they were blocked?--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 00:51, 16 September 2022 (UTC) == Indefinite IP blocks == Hello. Generally, IPs shouldn't be blocked indefinitely as it will be randomly assigned to different users. Kindly review [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:BlockList?wpTarget=&wpOptions%5B%5D=tempblocks&wpOptions%5B%5D=userblocks&blockType=&limit=50&wpFormIdentifier=blocklist the blocks] you made and adjust accordingly. Thanks. --[[User:Minorax|<span style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color:#69C;">Minorax</span>]]<sup>&laquo;&brvbar;[[User talk:Minorax|'''talk''']]&brvbar;&raquo;</sup> 11:36, 23 September 2022 (UTC) :They all remain appropriate. For those without talk page access, there remains CU evidence of an ongoing risk of harassment or abuse. The others can always request an unblock. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:50, 23 September 2022 (UTC) == Question about redirects == Hi @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I noticed that you [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=5089635 deleted the redirect] I created for [[Cookbook:Chili Sauce]]. I was wondering why, since it didn't match the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]]. The term "chili sauce" is likely to be searched by users, and inexperienced users may link to [[Cookbook:Chili Sauce]] when adding links to ingredient lists, so it seems only appropriate that this redirect exists. Can you clarify your reasoning for the deletion? Thanks!! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 15:34, 7 October 2022 (UTC) :Simple, we don't use "article" style redirects this way at Wikibooks. It's a style thing. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 08:33, 10 October 2022 (UTC) ::I see, thanks! Could you point me to the wikibooks style guide or community consensus that says this so that I can reference it for the future? And, should the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy%20deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]] be edited to reflect the fact that even terms likely to be searched for should not be made into redirects? Also, can you point me to the better and accepted way to account for the issue of such terms that inexperienced users are likely to search for and link to? In my editing of the cookbook I frequently run across the issue of multiple terms existing for, say, one ingredient, and it actively inhibits cohesion and comprehensibility of the cookbook when there's no way to connect all the different terms people use for the same thing. [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 20:49, 12 November 2022 (UTC) ::: I think that the speedy deletion reason would be "Pages with no meaningful content", as a "chilly sauce" research should show every recipes mentioning it equally (and we don't want one to have the monopoly). But as [[Cookbook:Chili Paste]] don't use this exact term, it could be interesting to add it in the wikicode (visible or not), like for SEO. [[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] ([[User talk:JackPotte|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPotte|contribs]]) 12:15, 19 November 2022 (UTC) == Revdel == Hello, was [[Special:Redirect/logid/5091767|this]] intentional? [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:03, 21 October 2022 (UTC) : I realise now the link is not particularly helpful thanks to how MW displays the action. I'm talking about https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?action=historysubmit&type=logging&revisiondelete=1&ids[5091766]=1&ids[5091765]=1. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 08:06, 21 October 2022 (UTC) ::I don't understand your question fully, but if you mean did I intend to hide two entries in the deletion log, then yes I did. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:09, 21 October 2022 (UTC) ::: Even if you hid the titles because of the propagandist wording, I don't see why hiding the username was necessary... [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 14:06, 12 November 2022 (UTC) ::::Because I judged it so based on CheckUser data. I won't be providing any further information per the WMF policy. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:16, 14 November 2022 (UTC) == I replied to your deletion request... == [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion#Free Energy does not Exist]] -- [[User:Vinyasi|Vinyasi]] ([[User talk:Vinyasi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vinyasi|contribs]]) 16:55, 21 October 2022 (UTC) :[[Wikibooks:Reading room/Assistance#How do I improve my wikibook, or is it impossible to improve it?]] -- [[User:Vinyasi|Vinyasi]] ([[User talk:Vinyasi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vinyasi|contribs]]) 13:42, 24 October 2022 (UTC) <blockquote>''Deletion is not inevitable. I don't see a problem with the book but maybe the person who tagged it for deletion can share their thoughts.''--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]] [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|<sup>talk</sup>]] 04:29, 24 October 2022 (UTC)</blockquote> == SHB2000 == Was that person not supposed to get temporary adminship? [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 15:11, 3 January 2023 (UTC) :Also, we've promoted people to temp admin with 4 supports (see 2005-Fan's request). I hence find both your responses strange. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 15:18, 3 January 2023 (UTC) ::Well, that's because it's down to my judgement - e.g., on how much weight I place on the people expressing an opinion. As for temp v's perm. They requested / discussed both. Opinions were expressed both ways and I concluded the way I did. If you don't like it you are free to request it is changed or removed, although I won't be doing it for reasons that will be clear soon. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 17:25, 3 January 2023 (UTC) == A quick hello == Hi, I was just poking around, seeing how WB was doing, seeing if anyone I knew from the old days was still around. It looks like you've had a handle change? I hope this not finds you well. [[User:Thenub314|Thenub]][[Special:Contributions/Thenub314|314]] ([[User talk:Thenub314|talk]]) 04:03, 15 February 2023 (UTC) :Hi, not many of the "old guard" left around and it's been a sad place (for me) since Pi zero died a few years ago... Glad to hear from you. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 09:24, 27 February 2023 (UTC) == Hello == Hello, I am the author of supplementary mathematics book. I came from another account, I wanted to ask if you can help me in writing the book. [[User:Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia]] ([[User talk:Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mohammad.Hosein.J.Shia|contribs]]) 11:09, 1 April 2023 (UTC) == Help needed == Hi @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! I have been encountering a user who continuously takes text from other Wiki projects (mostly Wikipedia), translates it (using an online translation tool, I'm pretty sure), and then pastes it in without attribution or linking back to the original page. I have tried on multiple occasions to tell them to stop doing this since it goes [[Help:Importing|against policy]] and disrupts the chain of attribution, but they either don't understand or are being willfully ignorant. Do you have any advice for me here? I'm uncomfortable with letting this continue. Thanks! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:52, 23 June 2023 (UTC) :See [[Supplementary mathematics/Torus]] for the latest example post-warnings. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:53, 23 June 2023 (UTC) ::If it looks like a copyvio, delete it immediately, then block. Keep extending the block each time... I'm afraid we've had this before (there was an infamous IP editor who came here each year after their blocked expired and would set off copy / pasting from other Wiki sites until i blocked him. Went on for 7 years). They'll either learn, or end up blocked indef. That's unfortunate but there's no excuse for continuous copyright / attribution breaking (which is also a copyright violation). [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 18:05, 23 June 2023 (UTC) :::Got it—thanks for the help! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:27, 24 June 2023 (UTC) :::@MarcGarver........ You are disgusting....You fool.Do you know how angry I am?😠. Firstly Why did you delete my page?You know what,You can block me and my account.You ruined my day [[User:Symbol Mosieleng|Symbol Mosieleng]] ([[User talk:Symbol Mosieleng|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Symbol Mosieleng|contribs]]) 16:51, 5 July 2023 (UTC) == Please help with Folkstyle Wrestling/Advanced Wrestling Strategy webpage == https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Folkstyle_Wrestling/Advanced_Wrestling_Strategy The text is NOT related to folkstyle wrestling. The text is related more to some sort of backyard style of wrestling. In folkstyle wrestling, there are weight classes and the wrestlers, except for the heavyweight wrestler, wrestle opponents their weight. While the mount might be an advanced pinning hold, it's description is not appropriate for an audience interested in amateur high school or college wrestling. I don't know how to fix this. I am a noob when it comes to editing wiki. I will only make a mess if I try. I am NOT an expert on folkstyle wrestling. Please contact an expert on the sport to get correct information for this page. I only know the information on this page is wrong and inappropriate. [[User:Ricks9001|Ricks9001]] ([[User talk:Ricks9001|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ricks9001|contribs]]) 23:11, 29 July 2023 (UTC) == [[Special:Contributions/Matthew Tameirao]] == Hello, I suspect there might be more sockpuppets looking at the recent [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Unicode/Versions?action=history&limit=500 history]. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 15:42, 30 July 2023 (UTC) : fyi, since [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao1225]] was blocked, [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao12]] and [[Special:Contributions/AshtonTameirao317]] are at least very suspicious. [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝟙𝟤𝟯𝟺𝐪𝑤𝒆𝓇𝟷𝟮𝟥𝟜𝓺𝔴𝕖𝖗𝟰]] ([[User talk:1234qwer1234qwer4|𝗍𝗮𝘭𝙠]]) 23:26, 30 July 2023 (UTC) == Advice needed == Hello @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! There appears to be an individual rapidly and regularly contributing vast numbers of pages with health information, all unsourced. They edit from multiple IPs, and they don't seem to respond to messages left on the discussion page (probably has to do with changing IPs). I have a few main concerns that I'm not quite sure how to handle: * The sheer volume and rate of the contributions makes me wonder whether they are really writing all of it themselves and whether there could be a copyvio issue. I can't find any issues using copyvios.toolforge.org, but that still doesn't completely rule the issue out. * The fact that they are adding a large amount of biological/health-related information is somewhat concerning, as it seems to me like those topics should be robustly supported with at least basic sourcing. * The fact that they are editing significantly from an IP and aren't responsive to communication concerns me, since I'm not sure how to get in touch with them and engage in discussion about their contributions. Any advice would be appreciated! @[[User:Xania|Xania]] @[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] @[[User:JackPotte|JackPotte]] if any of you are around and have insight, it would be welcome as well. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:39, 12 September 2023 (UTC) :We have seen this before. They don't respond to talk page messages and are almost certainly copyright violating from an offline source. You don't need evidence that they are violating copyright, you just need to ask them to provide a source as the onus is on them to prove they own the material. See [[User:Chrisho952|Chrisho952]] as an example of a user I indef blocked in the end. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:48, 12 September 2023 (UTC) ::Got it, thank you. Would it be appropriate to delete the pages if they remain unsourced without response? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:26, 12 September 2023 (UTC) :::{{re|Kittycataclysm}}, yes (definitely). [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 17:28, 12 September 2023 (UTC) == CU Request == Hello @[[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]]! Can we get a CU on User:Mohammadkop1386? Based on activity and other factors, I'm concerned it may be a new account to evade a block. [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:51, 14 October 2023 (UTC) :There's no evidence of abuse. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 15:34, 16 October 2023 (UTC) ::Okay thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:32, 16 October 2023 (UTC) == A book idea == Hi MarcGarver, How do you think I should go about creating a book meant to document the October 7th Massacre? Thanks in advance, -[[User:D1n05aur5 4ever|D1n05aur5 4ever]] ([[User talk:D1n05aur5 4ever|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/D1n05aur5 4ever|contribs]]) 17:46, 1 May 2024 (UTC) :I would start by writing one paragraph that describes what the book is about, like you would find on a dust jacket of a print book. This is what I first wrote when planning [[Castles of England]]: ::"This book is about castles in England, their development and design through the medieval period. Castles developed throughout this period in response to the changing demands placed on them. Before the beginning of the period covered, England was under threat from invaders like the Vikings, driving people to construct fortifications to protect their land and holdings. Following the Norman invasion, more powerful castles were required so that the Normans could consolidate their hold over the country. Castles continued to develop in response to more effective siege weapons and the various civil wars and conflicts. Finally, as England became more peaceful, the castle became more a comfortable home than a defensive structure, although still needing to be strong enough to defend against small roving bands of men." :By taking the time to think first about what the book is about, it helped focus my thoughts on what content to include. The next step I suggest is writing a list of chapter titles. This will flesh out your idea and place it in the right sequence. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 19:38, 1 May 2024 (UTC) == Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear Wikimedian, You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process. This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:17, 2 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list&oldid=26721206 --> == [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance#Another_user_editing_User:Jay_Bolero's_user_page]] == Hello, can I have your feedback here? CU is needed, and it is related to [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2024/February#Alert_about_possible_evasion_of_previous_1-week_block_at_English_Wikibooks_(CU_needed?)]] that was previously handled by you. Your assistance is always appreciated. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 07:31, 1 August 2024 (UTC) :Can't believe I missed this, sorry. However, it's now been dealt with given the further socking on the same page. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 20:46, 24 October 2024 (UTC) == [[Basics of fine-art photography]] == [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]], What is the problem with my textbook material? Where is the discussion of deleting pages? — [[User:Виктор Пинчук|Виктор Пинчук]] ([[User talk:Виктор Пинчук|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Виктор Пинчук|contribs]]) 19:00, 24 October 2024 (UTC) :The discussion is [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Requests_for_deletion#Various_pages_in_Basics_of_fine-art_photography here] [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 20:45, 24 October 2024 (UTC) 8pkrxatcpp9vtxnb8k4jxvnc119lafy High School Earth Science/Nature of Science 0 225590 4442385 4324173 2024-10-24T18:16:13Z 156.3.33.27 4442385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{TOCright}} Think of your favorite science fiction movie. What is it about? Btw this is not true. Maybe it’s about spaceships going to distant planets, or people being cloned in laboratories, or undersea civilizations, or robots that walk among us. These entertaining imaginings are make-believe fantasies, that’s why they’re called science “fiction.” They are not real. But why are they called “science” fiction? The answer is that science uses a disciplined process to answer questions. In science, "disciplined" does not mean well-behaved. It means following orderly steps in order to come up with the best answers. Science involves observing, wondering, categorizing, communicating, calculating, analyzing, and much more. In order to convert creativity into reality, we need science. In order to travel beyond where anyone has gone before, we need science. In order to understand the world, make sense of it, and conserve it, we need science. In order to confirm our best guesses about the universe and the things in it, we need science. Science fiction stories extend and expand on all the ideas of science and technology in creative ways. ==Lesson Objectives== * Explain the importance of asking questions. * State the steps of the scientific method. * Describe the three major types of scientific models. * Use appropriate safety precautions inside and outside the science laboratory. ==Asking Questions== Why is the sky blue? How tall will this tree grow? Why does the wind blow so hard? Will it be cold tonight? How many stars are out there? Are there planets like Earth that orbit about some of those stars? How did this rock get holes in it? Why are some rocks sharp and jagged, while others are round? You probably ask yourself a thousand questions a day, many of which you never ask anyone else. For many of the questions you do ask, you never even get an answer. But your brain keeps churning with questions and curiosity. We can't help but want to know. The list of questions above are some of the same questions that scientists ask. Science has developed over centuries and centuries, and our ability to measure the tiniest trait has increased immensely. So although there is no wrong question, there are questions that lend themselves more to the scientific process than others. In other words, some questions can be investigated using the scientific method while others rely on pure faith or opinion. ==Scientific Methods== [[File:The Scientific Method.png|thumb|200px|left|'''Figure 1.1''': The Scientific Method]] [[File:Erosion.jpg|thumb|200px|'''Figure 1.2''': Soil Erosion]] The scientific method is not a list of instructions but a series of steps that help to investigate a question. By using the scientific method, we can have greater confidence in how we evaluate that question. Sometimes, the order of the steps in the scientific method can change, because more questions arise from observations or data that we collect. The basic sequence followed in the scientific method is illustrated in Figure 1.1. ===Question=== The scientific method almost always begins with a question that helps to focus the investigation. What are we studying? What do we want to know? What is the problem we want to solve? The best questions for scientific investigation are specific as opposed to general; they imply what factors may be observed or manipulated. '''Example:''' A farmer has heard of a farming method called “no-till farming.” In this method, certain techniques in planting and fertilizing eliminate the need for tilling (or plowing) the land. Will no-till farming reduce the erosion of the farmland (Figure 1.2)? {{clear}} ===Research=== Before we go any further, it is important to find out what is already known about the topic. You can research a topic by looking up books and magazines in the library, searching on the Internet, and even talking to people who are experts in the area. By learning about your topic, you’ll be able to make thoughtful predictions. Your experimental design might be influenced by what you have researched. Or you might even find that your question has been researched thoroughly. Although repeating experiments is valid and important in science, you may choose to introduce new ideas into your investigation, or you may change your initial question. '''Example:''' The farmer decides to research the topic of no-till farming (Figure 1.3). She finds sources on the Internet, at the library, and at the local farming supply store that discuss what type of fertilizer might be used and what the best spacing for her crop would be. She even finds out that no-till farming can be a way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which helps in the fight against global warming. [[File:Soja en Siembra Directa sobre rastrojo de Sorgo Granífero.jpg|thumb|500px|center|'''Figure 1.3''': The farmer would need to research no-till farming methods.]] ===Hypothesis=== Now that you have researched the topic, you can make an educated guess or explanation to the question. This is your '''hypothesis'''. The best hypothesis is directly related to the question and is testable, so that you can do experiments to determine whether your hypothesis is correct. '''Example:''' The farmer has researched her question and developed the following hypothesis: No-till farming will decrease the soil loss on hills of similar steepness as compared to the traditional farming technique because there will be less disturbance to the soil. A hypothesis can be either proved or disproved by testing. If a hypothesis is repeatedly tested and proven to be true, then scientists will no longer call it a hypothesis. A scientific '''theory''' has a great deal of supporting evidence that backs it up. ===Experiment=== Not all questions can be tested by experimentation. However, many questions present us with ways to test them that give us the clearest conclusions. When we design experiments, we select the factor that will be manipulated or changed. This is the '''independent variable'''. We will also choose all of the factors that must remain the same. These are the experimental '''controls'''. Finally, we will choose the factor that we are measuring, as we change the independent variable. This is the '''dependent variable'''. We might say that the dependent variable “depends” on the independent variable. How much soil is eroded depends on the type of farming technique that we choose. Example: The farmer will conduct an experiment on two separate hills with similar slopes or steepnesses (Figure 1.4). On one hill, he will use a traditional farming technique which includes plowing to stir up the nutrients in the soil. On the other hill, he will use a no-till technique by spacing plants further apart and using specialized equipment that plants the plants without tilling. He will give both sets of plants identical amounts of water and fertilizer. [[File:Cropscientist.jpg|500px|thumb|center|'''Figure 1.4''': A farmer takes careful measurements in the field.]] In this case, the independent variable is the farming technique—either traditional or no-till&mdash;because that is what is being manipulated. In order to be able to compare the two hills, they must have the same slope and the same amount of fertilizer and water. If one had a different slope, then it could be the angle that affects the erosion, not the farming technique, for example. These are the controls. Finally, the dependent variable is the amount of erosion because the farmer will measure the erosion to analyze its relatedness to the farming technique. ===Data and Experimental Error=== Data can be collected in many different ways depending on what we are interested in finding out. Scientists use electron microscopes to explore the universe of tiny objects and telescopes to venture into the universe itself. Scientists routinely travel to the bottom of the ocean in research submersibles to make observations and collect samples. Probes are used to make observations in places that are too dangerous or too impractical for scientists to venture. Probes have explored the Titanic as it lay on the bottom of the ocean and to other planets in our solar system. Data from the probes travels through cables or through space to a computer where it can be manipulated by scientists. Of course, many scientists work in a laboratory and perform experiments and analyses on a bench top. During an experiment, we may make many measurements. These measurements are our observations that will be carefully recorded in an organized manner. This data is often computerized and kept in a spreadsheet that can be in the form of charts or tables that are clearly labeled, so that we won’t forget what each number represents. "Data" refers to the list of measurements that we have collected. We may make written descriptions of our observations but often, the most useful data is numerical. Even data that is difficult to measure with a number is sometimes represented numerically. For example, we may make observations about cleanliness on a scale from one to ten, where ten is very clean and one is very dirty. Statistical analyses also allow us to make more effective use of the data by allowing us to show relationships between different categories of data. Statistics can make sense of the variability (spread) in a data set. By graphing data, we can visually understand the relationships between data. Besides graphs, data can be displayed as charts or drawings so that other people who are interested can see the relationships easily. As in just about every human endeavor, errors are unavoidable. In an experiment, systematic errors are inherent in the experimental setup so that the numbers are always skewed in one direction or another. For example, a scale may always measure one-half ounce high. Like many systematic errors, the scale can be recalibrated or the error can be easily corrected. Random errors occur because no measurement can be made exactly precisely. For example, a stopwatch may be stopped too soon or too late. This type of error is reduced if many measurements are taken and then averaged. Sometimes a result is inconsistent with the results from other samples. If enough tests have been done, the inconsistent data point can be thrown out since likely a mistake was made in that experiment. The remaining results can be averaged. Not all data is quantified, however. Our written descriptions are qualitative data, data that describes the situation observed. In any case, data is used to help us draw logical conclusions. ===Conclusions=== After you have summarized the results of the experiments and presented the data as graphs, tables and diagrams, you can try to draw a conclusion from the experiments. You must gather all your evidence and background information. Then using logic you need to try to formulate an explanation for your data. What is the answer to the question based on the results of the experiment? A conclusion should include comments about the hypothesis. Was the hypothesis supported or not? Some experiments have clear, undeniable results that completely support the hypothesis. Others do not support the hypothesis. However, all experiments contribute to our wealth of knowledge. Even experiments that do not support the hypothesis may teach us new information that we can learn from. In the world of science, hypotheses are rarely proved to one hundred percent certainty. More often than not, experiments lead to even more questions and more possible ways of considering the same idea. '''Example''': After a full year of running her experiment, the farmer finds 2.2 times as much erosion on the traditionally farmed hill as on the no-till hill. She intends to use no-till methods of farming from now on and to continue researching other factors that may affect erosion. The farmer also notices that plants in the no-till plots are taller and the soil moisture seems higher. She decides to repeat the experiment and measure soil moisture, plant growth, and total water needed to irrigate in each kind of farming. ===Theory=== If a topic is of interest to scientists, many scientists will conduct experiments and make observations, which they will publish in scientific journals. Over time the evidence will mount in, for, or against the hypothesis being tested. If a hypothesis explains all the data and no data contradicts the hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a theory. A theory is supported by many observations and there are no major inconsistencies. A theory is also used to predict behavior. Although a theory can be overthrown if conflicting data is discovered, the longer a theory has been in existence the more data it probably has to back it up and the less likely it will be proven wrong. A theory is a model of reality that is simpler than the phenomenon itself. The common usage of the word theory is very different from the scientific usage; e.g. I have a theory as to why Joe likes Sue more than Rae. The word hypothesis would be more correct in most cases. ==Scientific Models== Many scientists use models to understand and explain ideas. Models are representations of objects or systems. Models are often very useful because they are more practical and simpler than the real life object. They may be manipulated and adjusted more easily. There are three types of models and each type is useful in certain ways. Each has drawbacks as well. ===Physical Models=== Physical models are physical representations of whatever subject is being studied. These models may be simplified by leaving out certain real components, but will contain the important elements. Model cars and toy dinosaurs are examples of physical models. Drawings and maps are also physical models. They allow us to see and feel and move them, so that we can compare them to one another and illustrate certain features. We can use a drawing to model the layers of the Earth (Figure 1.5). This type of model is useful in understanding the composition of the Earth, the relative temperatures within the Earth, and the changing densities of the Earth beneath the surface. Yet there are many differences between a cut-away model of the Earth and the real thing. First of all, the size is much different. It is difficult to understand the size of the Earth by looking at a simple drawing. You can’t get a good idea of the movement of substances beneath the surface by looking at a drawing that does not move. The model is very useful but has its shortcomings. [[File:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg|500px|thumb|center|'''Figure 1.5''': The Earth's Center]] ===Conceptual Models=== [[File:Artist's concept of collision at HD 172555.jpg|500px|thumb|center|'''Figure 1.6''': A collision showing a meteor striking the Earth.]] A conceptual model is not a physical model, but rather a mental explanation that ties together many ideas to attempt to explain something. A conceptual model tries to combine knowledge and must incorporate new knowledge that may change it as knowledge is acquired. The origin of the moon, for example, is explained by some as a Mars sized planet that hit the Earth and formed a great cloud of debris and gas (Figure 1.6). This debris and gas eventually formed a single spherical body called the Moon. This is a useful model of an event that probably occurred billions of years ago. It incorporates many ideas about the craters and volcanoes on the Moon, and the similarity of some elements on both the moon and the Earth. Not all data may fit this model, however, and there may be much information that we simply don’t know. Some people think that the Moon was initially an asteroid out in space which was captured in orbit by the gravity of the Earth. This may be a competing conceptual model which has its own arguments and weaknesses. As with physical models, all conceptual models have limitations. ===Mathematical Models=== A third type of model is the mathematical model. These models are created through a great deal of consideration and analysis of data. A mathematical model is an equation or formula that takes many factors or variables into account. These models may help predict complex events like tornadoes and climate change. In order to predict climate change, for example, a mathematical model may take into account factors such as temperature readings, ice density, snow fall, and humidity. These data may be plugged into equations to give a prediction. As with other models, not all factors can be accounted for, so that the mathematical model may not work perfectly. This may yield false alarms or prediction failures. No model is without its limitations. Models are a useful tool in science. They allow us to efficiently demonstrate ideas and create hypotheses. They give us visual or conceptual manners for thinking about things. They allow us to make predictions and conduct experiments without all of the difficulties of real-life objects. Could you imagine trying to explain a plant cell by only using a real plant cell or trying to predict the next alignment of planets by only looking at them? In general, models have limitations that should be taken into consideration before any prediction is believed or any conclusion seen as fact. ==Safety in Science== Accidents happen from time to time in everyday life. Since science involves an adventure into the unknown, it is natural that accidents can happen. Therefore, we must be careful and use proper equipment to prevent as many accidents as possible (Figure 1.7). We must also be sure to treat any injury or accident appropriately. {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;" |[[File:Hazard C.svg|right|250px|thumb|Corrosive]] |[[File:Hazard O.svg|left|250px|thumb|Oxidizing Agent]] |- |[[File:Hazard T.svg|right|250px|thumb|Toxic]] |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:High voltage warning.svg|left|250px|thumb|High Voltage]] |- |colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''Figure 1.7''': Safety Symbols |} ===Inside the Science Laboratory=== If you work in the science lab, you may come across dangerous materials or situations. Sharp objects, chemicals, heat, and electricity are all used at times in earth science laboratories. With proper protection and precautions, almost all accidents can be prevented and suffering minimized. Below is a list of safety guidelines that you should follow when doing labs: * Follow directions at all times. * Although working in the science lab can be fun, it is not a play area. Be sure to obey any safety guidelines given in lab instructions or by the lab supervisor. * Use only the quantities of materials directed. Check with your teacher before you do something different than what’s described on the lab procedure. * Tie back long hair. Wear closed shoes with flat heels and shirts with no hanging sleeves, hoods, or drawstrings. * Use gloves, goggles, or safety aprons when instructed to do so. * Use extreme care with any sharp or pointed objects like scalpels, knives, or broken glass. * Never eat or drink anything in the science lab, even if you brought it there yourself. Table tops and counters could have dangerous substances on them. * Keep your work area neat and clean. Be sure to properly clean and maintain materials like test tubes and beakers. Leftover substances could interact with other substances in future experiments. A messy work area leaves more opportunities for spills and breakage. * Be careful when you reach. Flames or heat plates could be beneath your arms or long hair could get burned. * Use electrical appliances and burners as instructed. * Know how to use an eye wash station, fire blanket, fire extinguisher, or first aid kit. * Alert the lab supervisor in the case that anything out of the ordinary occurs. An accident report may be required if someone is hurt and the lab supervisor must know if any materials are damaged or discarded. ===Outside the Laboratory=== [[File:Eaglecreek-28July2006.jpg|200px|thumb|'''Figure 1.8''': Outdoor Excursions]] Many earth science investigations are conducted outside of the science laboratory (Figure 1.8). Of course, the same precautions must be taken with lab-like materials but we must take additional considerations into mind. For any scientific endeavor outside or at home: * Be sure to wear appropriate clothing. Hiking into a canyon requires boots, long pants, and protection from the sun, for example. * Bring sufficient supplies like food and water, even for a short trip. Dehydration can occur rapidly. * Have appropriate first aid available. * Be sure to let others know where you are going, what you will be doing, and when you will be returning. Be sure to take a map with you if you don’t know the area and you may leave a copy of the map with someone at home. * Be sure you have access to emergency services and some way to communicate. Keep in mind that not all places have coverage for cellular phones. * Finally, be sure that you are accompanied by a person familiar with the area to which you are traveling or familiar with the type of investigation that you are going to do. {{clear}} ==Review Questions== # Write a list of five questions about the world around you that you find interesting. # A scientist was studying the effects of oil contamination on ocean seaweed. He believed that oil runoff from storm drains would keep seaweed from growing normally. He had two large aquarium tanks of equal size. He monitored the dissolved oxygen in the water to keep it equal as well as the water's temperature. He introduced some motor oil into one tank but not in the other. He then measured the growth of seaweed plants in each tank. In the tank with no oil, the average growth was 2.57&nbsp;cm. The average growth of the seaweed in the tank with oil was 2.37&nbsp;cm. Based on this experiment, answer the following questions: #* What was the question that the scientist started with? #* What was his hypothesis? #* Identify the independent variable, the dependent variable, and the experimental control(s). #* What did the data show? # Explain three types of scientific models. What is one benefit of each and one disadvantage of each? # Identify or design five of your own safety symbols, based on your knowledge of safety procedures in a science laboratory. # Design your own experiment based on one of your questions from question 1 above. Include the question, hypothesis, independent and dependent variables, and safety precautions. You may want to work with your teacher or a group. ==Vocabulary== ; conceptual model : An abstract, mental representation of something using thoughts and ideas instead of physical objects. ; control : Factors that are kept the same in an experiment, in order to focus just on the independent and dependent variables. ; dependent variable : The variable in an experiment that you are measuring as you change the independent variable. It "depends" on the independent variable. ; hypothesis : A good working explanation for a problem that can be tested. ; independent variable : The variable (or thing) in an experiment that is controlled and changed by the researcher. ; mathematical model : A set of mathematical equations and numbers that simulates a natural system being modeled. ; physical model : A representation of something using objects. ; theory : A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and proven to be true. ==Points to Consider== * What parts of the Earth do you think are most important and should be better studied? * What type of model have you had experience with? What did you learn from it? * What situations are both necessary and dangerous for scientists to study? What precautions do you think they should use when they study them? * If you could go anywhere, where would it be? What safety equipment or precautions would you take? {{chapnav|What is Earth Science?|Earth Science and Its Branches}} j83tktm81llj7mpgevo59th7ojevuof 4442387 4442385 2024-10-24T18:18:41Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 Rejected the last text change (by [[Special:Contributions/156.3.33.27|156.3.33.27]]) and restored revision 4324173 by Alextejthompson 4442387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{TOCright}} Think of your favorite science fiction movie. What is it about? Maybe it’s about spaceships going to distant planets, or people being cloned in laboratories, or undersea civilizations, or robots that walk among us. These entertaining imaginings are make-believe fantasies, that’s why they’re called science “fiction.” They are not real. But why are they called “science” fiction? The answer is that science uses a disciplined process to answer questions. In science, "disciplined" does not mean well-behaved. It means following orderly steps in order to come up with the best answers. Science involves observing, wondering, categorizing, communicating, calculating, analyzing, and much more. In order to convert creativity into reality, we need science. In order to travel beyond where anyone has gone before, we need science. In order to understand the world, make sense of it, and conserve it, we need science. In order to confirm our best guesses about the universe and the things in it, we need science. Science fiction stories extend and expand on all the ideas of science and technology in creative ways. ==Lesson Objectives== * Explain the importance of asking questions. * State the steps of the scientific method. * Describe the three major types of scientific models. * Use appropriate safety precautions inside and outside the science laboratory. ==Asking Questions== Why is the sky blue? How tall will this tree grow? Why does the wind blow so hard? Will it be cold tonight? How many stars are out there? Are there planets like Earth that orbit about some of those stars? How did this rock get holes in it? Why are some rocks sharp and jagged, while others are round? You probably ask yourself a thousand questions a day, many of which you never ask anyone else. For many of the questions you do ask, you never even get an answer. But your brain keeps churning with questions and curiosity. We can't help but want to know. The list of questions above are some of the same questions that scientists ask. Science has developed over centuries and centuries, and our ability to measure the tiniest trait has increased immensely. So although there is no wrong question, there are questions that lend themselves more to the scientific process than others. In other words, some questions can be investigated using the scientific method while others rely on pure faith or opinion. ==Scientific Methods== [[File:The Scientific Method.png|thumb|200px|left|'''Figure 1.1''': The Scientific Method]] [[File:Erosion.jpg|thumb|200px|'''Figure 1.2''': Soil Erosion]] The scientific method is not a list of instructions but a series of steps that help to investigate a question. By using the scientific method, we can have greater confidence in how we evaluate that question. Sometimes, the order of the steps in the scientific method can change, because more questions arise from observations or data that we collect. The basic sequence followed in the scientific method is illustrated in Figure 1.1. ===Question=== The scientific method almost always begins with a question that helps to focus the investigation. What are we studying? What do we want to know? What is the problem we want to solve? The best questions for scientific investigation are specific as opposed to general; they imply what factors may be observed or manipulated. '''Example:''' A farmer has heard of a farming method called “no-till farming.” In this method, certain techniques in planting and fertilizing eliminate the need for tilling (or plowing) the land. Will no-till farming reduce the erosion of the farmland (Figure 1.2)? {{clear}} ===Research=== Before we go any further, it is important to find out what is already known about the topic. You can research a topic by looking up books and magazines in the library, searching on the Internet, and even talking to people who are experts in the area. By learning about your topic, you’ll be able to make thoughtful predictions. Your experimental design might be influenced by what you have researched. Or you might even find that your question has been researched thoroughly. Although repeating experiments is valid and important in science, you may choose to introduce new ideas into your investigation, or you may change your initial question. '''Example:''' The farmer decides to research the topic of no-till farming (Figure 1.3). She finds sources on the Internet, at the library, and at the local farming supply store that discuss what type of fertilizer might be used and what the best spacing for her crop would be. She even finds out that no-till farming can be a way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, which helps in the fight against global warming. [[File:Soja en Siembra Directa sobre rastrojo de Sorgo Granífero.jpg|thumb|500px|center|'''Figure 1.3''': The farmer would need to research no-till farming methods.]] ===Hypothesis=== Now that you have researched the topic, you can make an educated guess or explanation to the question. This is your '''hypothesis'''. The best hypothesis is directly related to the question and is testable, so that you can do experiments to determine whether your hypothesis is correct. '''Example:''' The farmer has researched her question and developed the following hypothesis: No-till farming will decrease the soil loss on hills of similar steepness as compared to the traditional farming technique because there will be less disturbance to the soil. A hypothesis can be either proved or disproved by testing. If a hypothesis is repeatedly tested and proven to be true, then scientists will no longer call it a hypothesis. A scientific '''theory''' has a great deal of supporting evidence that backs it up. ===Experiment=== Not all questions can be tested by experimentation. However, many questions present us with ways to test them that give us the clearest conclusions. When we design experiments, we select the factor that will be manipulated or changed. This is the '''independent variable'''. We will also choose all of the factors that must remain the same. These are the experimental '''controls'''. Finally, we will choose the factor that we are measuring, as we change the independent variable. This is the '''dependent variable'''. We might say that the dependent variable “depends” on the independent variable. How much soil is eroded depends on the type of farming technique that we choose. Example: The farmer will conduct an experiment on two separate hills with similar slopes or steepnesses (Figure 1.4). On one hill, he will use a traditional farming technique which includes plowing to stir up the nutrients in the soil. On the other hill, he will use a no-till technique by spacing plants further apart and using specialized equipment that plants the plants without tilling. He will give both sets of plants identical amounts of water and fertilizer. [[File:Cropscientist.jpg|500px|thumb|center|'''Figure 1.4''': A farmer takes careful measurements in the field.]] In this case, the independent variable is the farming technique—either traditional or no-till&mdash;because that is what is being manipulated. In order to be able to compare the two hills, they must have the same slope and the same amount of fertilizer and water. If one had a different slope, then it could be the angle that affects the erosion, not the farming technique, for example. These are the controls. Finally, the dependent variable is the amount of erosion because the farmer will measure the erosion to analyze its relatedness to the farming technique. ===Data and Experimental Error=== Data can be collected in many different ways depending on what we are interested in finding out. Scientists use electron microscopes to explore the universe of tiny objects and telescopes to venture into the universe itself. Scientists routinely travel to the bottom of the ocean in research submersibles to make observations and collect samples. Probes are used to make observations in places that are too dangerous or too impractical for scientists to venture. Probes have explored the Titanic as it lay on the bottom of the ocean and to other planets in our solar system. Data from the probes travels through cables or through space to a computer where it can be manipulated by scientists. Of course, many scientists work in a laboratory and perform experiments and analyses on a bench top. During an experiment, we may make many measurements. These measurements are our observations that will be carefully recorded in an organized manner. This data is often computerized and kept in a spreadsheet that can be in the form of charts or tables that are clearly labeled, so that we won’t forget what each number represents. "Data" refers to the list of measurements that we have collected. We may make written descriptions of our observations but often, the most useful data is numerical. Even data that is difficult to measure with a number is sometimes represented numerically. For example, we may make observations about cleanliness on a scale from one to ten, where ten is very clean and one is very dirty. Statistical analyses also allow us to make more effective use of the data by allowing us to show relationships between different categories of data. Statistics can make sense of the variability (spread) in a data set. By graphing data, we can visually understand the relationships between data. Besides graphs, data can be displayed as charts or drawings so that other people who are interested can see the relationships easily. As in just about every human endeavor, errors are unavoidable. In an experiment, systematic errors are inherent in the experimental setup so that the numbers are always skewed in one direction or another. For example, a scale may always measure one-half ounce high. Like many systematic errors, the scale can be recalibrated or the error can be easily corrected. Random errors occur because no measurement can be made exactly precisely. For example, a stopwatch may be stopped too soon or too late. This type of error is reduced if many measurements are taken and then averaged. Sometimes a result is inconsistent with the results from other samples. If enough tests have been done, the inconsistent data point can be thrown out since likely a mistake was made in that experiment. The remaining results can be averaged. Not all data is quantified, however. Our written descriptions are qualitative data, data that describes the situation observed. In any case, data is used to help us draw logical conclusions. ===Conclusions=== After you have summarized the results of the experiments and presented the data as graphs, tables and diagrams, you can try to draw a conclusion from the experiments. You must gather all your evidence and background information. Then using logic you need to try to formulate an explanation for your data. What is the answer to the question based on the results of the experiment? A conclusion should include comments about the hypothesis. Was the hypothesis supported or not? Some experiments have clear, undeniable results that completely support the hypothesis. Others do not support the hypothesis. However, all experiments contribute to our wealth of knowledge. Even experiments that do not support the hypothesis may teach us new information that we can learn from. In the world of science, hypotheses are rarely proved to one hundred percent certainty. More often than not, experiments lead to even more questions and more possible ways of considering the same idea. '''Example''': After a full year of running her experiment, the farmer finds 2.2 times as much erosion on the traditionally farmed hill as on the no-till hill. She intends to use no-till methods of farming from now on and to continue researching other factors that may affect erosion. The farmer also notices that plants in the no-till plots are taller and the soil moisture seems higher. She decides to repeat the experiment and measure soil moisture, plant growth, and total water needed to irrigate in each kind of farming. ===Theory=== If a topic is of interest to scientists, many scientists will conduct experiments and make observations, which they will publish in scientific journals. Over time the evidence will mount in, for, or against the hypothesis being tested. If a hypothesis explains all the data and no data contradicts the hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a theory. A theory is supported by many observations and there are no major inconsistencies. A theory is also used to predict behavior. Although a theory can be overthrown if conflicting data is discovered, the longer a theory has been in existence the more data it probably has to back it up and the less likely it will be proven wrong. A theory is a model of reality that is simpler than the phenomenon itself. The common usage of the word theory is very different from the scientific usage; e.g. I have a theory as to why Joe likes Sue more than Rae. The word hypothesis would be more correct in most cases. ==Scientific Models== Many scientists use models to understand and explain ideas. Models are representations of objects or systems. Models are often very useful because they are more practical and simpler than the real life object. They may be manipulated and adjusted more easily. There are three types of models and each type is useful in certain ways. Each has drawbacks as well. ===Physical Models=== Physical models are physical representations of whatever subject is being studied. These models may be simplified by leaving out certain real components, but will contain the important elements. Model cars and toy dinosaurs are examples of physical models. Drawings and maps are also physical models. They allow us to see and feel and move them, so that we can compare them to one another and illustrate certain features. We can use a drawing to model the layers of the Earth (Figure 1.5). This type of model is useful in understanding the composition of the Earth, the relative temperatures within the Earth, and the changing densities of the Earth beneath the surface. Yet there are many differences between a cut-away model of the Earth and the real thing. First of all, the size is much different. It is difficult to understand the size of the Earth by looking at a simple drawing. You can’t get a good idea of the movement of substances beneath the surface by looking at a drawing that does not move. The model is very useful but has its shortcomings. [[File:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg|500px|thumb|center|'''Figure 1.5''': The Earth's Center]] ===Conceptual Models=== [[File:Artist's concept of collision at HD 172555.jpg|500px|thumb|center|'''Figure 1.6''': A collision showing a meteor striking the Earth.]] A conceptual model is not a physical model, but rather a mental explanation that ties together many ideas to attempt to explain something. A conceptual model tries to combine knowledge and must incorporate new knowledge that may change it as knowledge is acquired. The origin of the moon, for example, is explained by some as a Mars sized planet that hit the Earth and formed a great cloud of debris and gas (Figure 1.6). This debris and gas eventually formed a single spherical body called the Moon. This is a useful model of an event that probably occurred billions of years ago. It incorporates many ideas about the craters and volcanoes on the Moon, and the similarity of some elements on both the moon and the Earth. Not all data may fit this model, however, and there may be much information that we simply don’t know. Some people think that the Moon was initially an asteroid out in space which was captured in orbit by the gravity of the Earth. This may be a competing conceptual model which has its own arguments and weaknesses. As with physical models, all conceptual models have limitations. ===Mathematical Models=== A third type of model is the mathematical model. These models are created through a great deal of consideration and analysis of data. A mathematical model is an equation or formula that takes many factors or variables into account. These models may help predict complex events like tornadoes and climate change. In order to predict climate change, for example, a mathematical model may take into account factors such as temperature readings, ice density, snow fall, and humidity. These data may be plugged into equations to give a prediction. As with other models, not all factors can be accounted for, so that the mathematical model may not work perfectly. This may yield false alarms or prediction failures. No model is without its limitations. Models are a useful tool in science. They allow us to efficiently demonstrate ideas and create hypotheses. They give us visual or conceptual manners for thinking about things. They allow us to make predictions and conduct experiments without all of the difficulties of real-life objects. Could you imagine trying to explain a plant cell by only using a real plant cell or trying to predict the next alignment of planets by only looking at them? In general, models have limitations that should be taken into consideration before any prediction is believed or any conclusion seen as fact. ==Safety in Science== Accidents happen from time to time in everyday life. Since science involves an adventure into the unknown, it is natural that accidents can happen. Therefore, we must be careful and use proper equipment to prevent as many accidents as possible (Figure 1.7). We must also be sure to treat any injury or accident appropriately. {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%;" |[[File:Hazard C.svg|right|250px|thumb|Corrosive]] |[[File:Hazard O.svg|left|250px|thumb|Oxidizing Agent]] |- |[[File:Hazard T.svg|right|250px|thumb|Toxic]] |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:High voltage warning.svg|left|250px|thumb|High Voltage]] |- |colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|'''Figure 1.7''': Safety Symbols |} ===Inside the Science Laboratory=== If you work in the science lab, you may come across dangerous materials or situations. Sharp objects, chemicals, heat, and electricity are all used at times in earth science laboratories. With proper protection and precautions, almost all accidents can be prevented and suffering minimized. Below is a list of safety guidelines that you should follow when doing labs: * Follow directions at all times. * Although working in the science lab can be fun, it is not a play area. Be sure to obey any safety guidelines given in lab instructions or by the lab supervisor. * Use only the quantities of materials directed. Check with your teacher before you do something different than what’s described on the lab procedure. * Tie back long hair. Wear closed shoes with flat heels and shirts with no hanging sleeves, hoods, or drawstrings. * Use gloves, goggles, or safety aprons when instructed to do so. * Use extreme care with any sharp or pointed objects like scalpels, knives, or broken glass. * Never eat or drink anything in the science lab, even if you brought it there yourself. Table tops and counters could have dangerous substances on them. * Keep your work area neat and clean. Be sure to properly clean and maintain materials like test tubes and beakers. Leftover substances could interact with other substances in future experiments. A messy work area leaves more opportunities for spills and breakage. * Be careful when you reach. Flames or heat plates could be beneath your arms or long hair could get burned. * Use electrical appliances and burners as instructed. * Know how to use an eye wash station, fire blanket, fire extinguisher, or first aid kit. * Alert the lab supervisor in the case that anything out of the ordinary occurs. An accident report may be required if someone is hurt and the lab supervisor must know if any materials are damaged or discarded. ===Outside the Laboratory=== [[File:Eaglecreek-28July2006.jpg|200px|thumb|'''Figure 1.8''': Outdoor Excursions]] Many earth science investigations are conducted outside of the science laboratory (Figure 1.8). Of course, the same precautions must be taken with lab-like materials but we must take additional considerations into mind. For any scientific endeavor outside or at home: * Be sure to wear appropriate clothing. Hiking into a canyon requires boots, long pants, and protection from the sun, for example. * Bring sufficient supplies like food and water, even for a short trip. Dehydration can occur rapidly. * Have appropriate first aid available. * Be sure to let others know where you are going, what you will be doing, and when you will be returning. Be sure to take a map with you if you don’t know the area and you may leave a copy of the map with someone at home. * Be sure you have access to emergency services and some way to communicate. Keep in mind that not all places have coverage for cellular phones. * Finally, be sure that you are accompanied by a person familiar with the area to which you are traveling or familiar with the type of investigation that you are going to do. {{clear}} ==Review Questions== # Write a list of five questions about the world around you that you find interesting. # A scientist was studying the effects of oil contamination on ocean seaweed. He believed that oil runoff from storm drains would keep seaweed from growing normally. He had two large aquarium tanks of equal size. He monitored the dissolved oxygen in the water to keep it equal as well as the water's temperature. He introduced some motor oil into one tank but not in the other. He then measured the growth of seaweed plants in each tank. In the tank with no oil, the average growth was 2.57&nbsp;cm. The average growth of the seaweed in the tank with oil was 2.37&nbsp;cm. Based on this experiment, answer the following questions: #* What was the question that the scientist started with? #* What was his hypothesis? #* Identify the independent variable, the dependent variable, and the experimental control(s). #* What did the data show? # Explain three types of scientific models. What is one benefit of each and one disadvantage of each? # Identify or design five of your own safety symbols, based on your knowledge of safety procedures in a science laboratory. # Design your own experiment based on one of your questions from question 1 above. Include the question, hypothesis, independent and dependent variables, and safety precautions. You may want to work with your teacher or a group. ==Vocabulary== ; conceptual model : An abstract, mental representation of something using thoughts and ideas instead of physical objects. ; control : Factors that are kept the same in an experiment, in order to focus just on the independent and dependent variables. ; dependent variable : The variable in an experiment that you are measuring as you change the independent variable. It "depends" on the independent variable. ; hypothesis : A good working explanation for a problem that can be tested. ; independent variable : The variable (or thing) in an experiment that is controlled and changed by the researcher. ; mathematical model : A set of mathematical equations and numbers that simulates a natural system being modeled. ; physical model : A representation of something using objects. ; theory : A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and proven to be true. ==Points to Consider== * What parts of the Earth do you think are most important and should be better studied? * What type of model have you had experience with? What did you learn from it? * What situations are both necessary and dangerous for scientists to study? What precautions do you think they should use when they study them? * If you could go anywhere, where would it be? What safety equipment or precautions would you take? {{chapnav|What is Earth Science?|Earth Science and Its Branches}} tvmlka3ndm950vf3perj9qbg6puv6fi The Linux Kernel/Storage 0 226984 4442375 4442322 2024-10-24T15:56:46Z Conan 3188 /* Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing */ 4442375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Storage functionality}} {|style="width: 25%; float: right; text-align:center;border-spacing: 0; color:black; margin:auto;" cellpadding=5pc ! bgcolor=#cef | storage |-style="" | bgcolor=#aef | [[#Files_and_directories|files & directories access]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#8df | [[#Virtual File System|Virtual File System]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#8ce |[[#Page_cache|page cache]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#7ac |[[#Logical file systems|logical file systems]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#69a |[[#Block_device_layer|block devices]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#689 |[[#Storage_drivers|storage drivers]] |} Storage functionality provides access to various storage devices via files and directories of files. Most of the storage is persistent as flash memory, SSD and legacy hard disks. Another kind of storage is temporary. The ''file system'' provides an abstraction to organize the information into separate pieces of data (called ''files'') identified by a unique name. Each file system type defines their own structures and logic rules used to manage these groups of information and their names. Linux supports a plethora or different file system types, local and remote, native and from other operating systems. To accommodate such disparity the kernel defines a common top layer, the ''virtual file system'' (VFS) layer. [[File:The Linux Storage Stack Diagram.svg|Summary of the Linux kernel's storage stack|right|800x800px]] == Files and directories == Four basic files access system calls: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|open}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sys_open}} - opens a file by name and returns a {{w|file descriptor}} (<big>fd</big>). Below functions operates on a fd. : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|close}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|close_fd}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|read}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_read}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|write}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_write}} File in Linux and UNIX is not only physical file on persistent storage. File interface is used to access pipes, sockets and other pseudo-files. 🔧 TODO : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readlink}} , {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|symlink}} , {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|link}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|readdir}} ⇾ {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getdents}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|path_resolution}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} &ndash; manipulate file descriptor ⚙️ Files and directories internals : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fs.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/open.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namei.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/read_write.c}} 📚 Files and directories references : [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/I_002fO-Overview.html Input/Output, The GNU C Library] : [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-3.html VFS in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals] : {{w|Unix file types}} === File locks === File locks are mechanisms that allow processes to coordinate access to shared files. These locks help prevent conflicts when multiple processes or threads attempt to access the same file simultaneously. 💾 ''Historical: [https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.14/K/ident/CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING Mandatory locking] feature is no longer supported at all in Linux 5.15 and above because the implementation is unreliable.'' ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|lslocks}} &ndash; list local system locks : {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|lockf}} &ndash; apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|flock}} &ndash; apply or remove an advisory BSD lock on an open file : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} &ndash; manipulate file descriptor :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SETLK}} &ndash; advisory record lock :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_OFD_SETLK}} &ndash; Open File Description Lock :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|flock}} &ndash; lock parameters ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/filelock.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/locks.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/filelock.h}} === Asynchronous I/O === 🚀 advanced features '''AIO''' : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Asynchronous_IO : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_submit}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_setup}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_cancel}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_destroy}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_getevents}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/aio_abi.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/aio.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|io/aio}} '''{{w|io_uring}}''' 🌱 ''New since release 5.1 in May 2019'' : https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/an-introduction-to-the-io_uring-asynchronous-io-framework : https://thenewstack.io/how-io_uring-and-ebpf-will-revolutionize-programming-in-linux/ : {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_enter}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_setup}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_register}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/io_uring.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/io_uring.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/.c}} : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#io_uring :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/779472/ io_uring, SCM_RIGHTS, and reference-count cycles] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/810414/ The rapid growth of io_uring] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/815491/ Automatic buffer selection for io_uring] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/826053/ Operations restrictions for io_uring] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/779472/ io_uring, SCM_RIGHTS, and reference-count cycles] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/803070/ Redesigned workqueues for io_uring] : {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|io_uring}} === {{w|Asynchronous_I/O#Forms|Non-blocking I/O}} === Allow non-blocking access to multiple file descriptors. '''Efficient event polling {{w|epoll}}''' ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/eventpoll.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|epoll}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_create}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_create}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_ctl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_ctl}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_wait}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_wait}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/eventpoll.c}} '''{{w|Select (Unix)|select}} and {{w|poll (Unix)|poll}}''' 💾 ''Historical: Select and poll system calls are derived from UNIX'' ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|poll}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sys_poll}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|select}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kern_select}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/select.c}} === Vectored I/O === 🚀 advanced feature {{w|Vectored I/O}}, also known as scatter/gather I/O, is a method of input and output by which a single procedure call sequentially reads data from multiple buffers and writes it to a single data stream, or reads data from a data stream and writes it to multiple buffers, as defined in a vector of buffers. Scatter/gather refers to the process of gathering data from, or scattering data into, the given set of buffers. Vectored I/O can operate synchronously or asynchronously. The main reasons for using vectored I/O are efficiency and convenience. ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/uio.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/uio.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|iovec}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readv}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_readv}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|writev}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_writev}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|iov_iter}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_readv}} ↯ call hierarchy: :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_readv}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|import_iovec}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_file_read_iter}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/iov_iter.c}} 📚 References : [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Scatter_002dGather.html Fast Scatter-Gather I/O, The GNU C Library] : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Vectored_IO : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scattergather_chaining == Virtual File System == The {{w|virtual file system}} (VFS) is an abstract layer on top of a concrete logical file system. The purpose of a VFS is to allow client applications to access different types of logical file systems in a uniform way. A VFS can, for example, be used to access local and [[../Networking#Network_storage|network storage]] devices transparently without the client application noticing the difference. It can be used to bridge the differences in Windows, classic Mac OS/macOS and Unix filesystems, so that applications can access files on local file systems of those types without having to know what type of file system they are accessing. A VFS specifies an interface (or a "contract") between the kernel and a logical file system. Therefore, it is easy to add support for new file system types to the kernel simply by fulfilling the contract. 🔧 TODO: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfsmount}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_create}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_read}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_write}} 📚 VFS References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|VFS|filesystems/#core-vfs-documentation}} : [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-3.html VFS in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals] == Logical file systems == A {{w|file system}} (or ''filesystem'') is used to control how data is stored and retrieved. Without a file system, information placed in a storage area would be one large body of data with no way to tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins. By separating the data into individual pieces, and giving each piece a name, the information is easily separated and identified. Each group of data is called a "file". The structure and logic rules used to manage the groups of information and their names is called a "file system". There are many different kinds of file systems. Each one has different structure and logic, properties of speed, flexibility, security, size and more. Some file systems have been designed to be used for specific applications. For example, the ISO 9660 file system is designed specifically for optical discs. File systems can be used on many different kinds of storage devices. Each storage device uses a different kind of media. The most common storage device in use today is a {{w|SSD}}. Other media that was used are hard disk, magnetic tape, optical disc, and . In some cases, the computer's main memory (RAM) is used to create a temporary file system for short-term use. Raw storage is called a block device. Linux supports many different file systems, but common choices for the system disk on a block device include the ext* family (such as {{w|ext2}}, {{w|ext3}} and {{w|ext4}}), {{w|XFS}}, {{w|ReiserFS}} and {{w|btrfs}}. For raw Flash without a {{w|flash translation layer}} (FTL) or {{w|Memory Technology Device}} (MTD), there is {{w|UBIFS}}, {{w|JFFS2}}, and {{w|YAFFS}}, among others. {{w|SquashFS}} is a common compressed read-only file system. NFS and another network FS are described further in paragraph [[../Networking#Network_storage|Network storage]]. ⚲ Shell interfaces: : cat /proc/filesystems : ls /sys/fs/ : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|mount}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|umount}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|findmnt}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|mountpoint}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|df}} Infrastructure ⚲ API function {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_filesystem}} registers structs {{The Linux Kernel/id|file_system_type}} and stores them in linked list ⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|file_systems}}. Function {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_init_fs}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_fs_type}}. Operation of ''file system opening'' is called mounting: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_mount}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namespace.c}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mount}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mount}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/buffer_head.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|super_block}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sb_bread}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/ext4/ext4.h}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_sb_bread}} 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|filesystems|filesystems/#filesystems}} : Kernel wikis: [https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/ EXT4], [https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/ btrfs], [https://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org/ Reiser4], [https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/ RAID], [https://xfs.wiki.kernel.org/ XFS] == Page cache == A page cache or disk cache is a transparent cache for the memory pages originating from a secondary storage device such as a hard disk drive. The operating system keeps a page cache in otherwise unused portions of the main memory, resulting in quicker access to the contents of cached pages and overall performance improvements. The page cache is implemented by the kernel, and is mostly transparent to applications. Usually, all physical memory not directly allocated to applications is used by the operating system for the page cache. Since the memory would otherwise be idle and is easily reclaimed when applications request it, there is generally no associated performance penalty and the operating system might even report such memory as "free" or "available". The page cache also aids in writing to a disk. Pages in the main memory that have been modified during writing data to disk are marked as "dirty" and have to be flushed to disk before they can be freed. When a file write occurs, the page backing the particular block is looked up. If it is already found in the page cache, the write is done to that page in the main memory. Otherwise, when the write perfectly falls on page size boundaries, the page is not even read from disk, but allocated and immediately marked dirty. Otherwise, the page(s) are fetched from disk and requested modifications are done. Not all cached pages can be written to as program code is often mapped as read-only or copy-on-write; in the latter case, modifications to code will only be visible to the process itself and will not be written to disk. ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fsync}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fsync}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sync_file_range}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_sync_file_range}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syncfs}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sync_filesystem}} 📚 References : {{The Linux Kernel/id|wb_workfn}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|address_space}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_writepages}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/writeback.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/page-writeback.c}} : {{w|Page cache}} More : [https://lwn.net/Articles/717953/ The future of DAX ] - direct access bypassing the cache : [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-4.html Linux Page Cache in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals] == Zero-copy == 🚀 advanced features Writing data to storage and reading are very resource consuming operations. Copying memory is time and CPU consuming operation too. Set of methods to avoid copying operations is called {{w|zero-copy}}. The goal of zero-copy methods is a fast and efficient data transfer within the system. The first and simplest method is {{w|Pipeline (Unix)|Pipeline}}, invoked by operator "|" in shells. Instead of writing data into temporary file and reading, the data is passed efficiently via a pipe bypassing a storage. The second method is {{w|Tee_(command)|tee}}. ⚲ Syscalls: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pipe2}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tee}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|tee}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|copy_file_range}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|splice}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|vmsplice}} ⚲ API and ⚙️ Internals: : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pipe2}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_pipe2}} - creates pipe :: uses {{The Linux Kernel/id|pipe_fs_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pipefifo_fops}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tee}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_tee}}- duplicates pipe content :: calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|link_pipe}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sendfile}} - transfers data between file descriptors, the output can be a socket. Used in [[../Networking#Network_storage|network storage]] and servers. :: Calls: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_direct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_direct_to_actor}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|copy_file_range}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_copy_file_range}} - transfers data between files :: calls custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|remap_file_range}} like {{The Linux Kernel/id|nfs42_remap_file_range}} :: or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_file_range}} like {{The Linux Kernel/id|fuse_copy_file_range}} :: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_direct}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|splice}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice}} - splices data to/from a pipe. :: There are three cases regarding which end being a pipe: :# {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_from}} - only input is a pipe :#: Calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|iter_file_splice_write}} or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_write}} :#: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|default_file_splice_write}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|write_pipe_buf}}, {{The Linux_Kernel/id|splice_from_pipe}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__splice_from_pipe}} :# {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_to}} - only output is a pipe. :#: Calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|generic_file_splice_read}} or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_read}} :#: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|default_file_splice_read}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_readv}} :# {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_pipe_to_pipe}} - both are pipes : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|vmsplice}}''' ↪ :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmsplice_to_pipe}} &ndash; splices user pages to a pipe :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmsplice_to_user}} &ndash; splices a pipe to user pages ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/splice.h}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/pipe.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/splice.c}} 🔧 TODO: {{The Linux Kernel/id|zerocopy_sg_from_iter}} builds a zerocopy skb datagram from an iov_iter. Used in {{The Linux Kernel/id|tap_get_user}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|tun_get_user}}. {{The Linux Kernel/id|skb_zerocopy}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|skb_zerocopy_iter_dgram}} 📚 References : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pipe}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|fifo}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|splice and pipes|filesystems/splice.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Pipes API|filesystems/splice.html#pipes-api}} : {{w|splice (system call)}} : LTP: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|pipe}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|pipe2}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|tee}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sendfile}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|copy_file_range}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|splice}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|vmsplice}} == Block device layer == Linux storage is based on block devices. Block devices provide buffered access to the hardware, always allowing to read or write any sized block (including single characters/bytes) and are not subject to alignment restrictions. They are commonly used to represent hardware like hard disks. ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/genhd.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blk_types.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bio}} &ndash; main unit of I/O for the block layer and lower layers : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bio.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_device}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_disk_node}} allocates {{The Linux Kernel/id|gendisk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_disk}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_add_disk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_device_operations}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_blkdev}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|bio}} - main unit of I/O for the block layer and lower layers (ie drivers and stacking drivers) : {{The Linux Kernel/id|request}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_queue}} ⚙️ Internals. : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}} 👁 Examples: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/brd.c}} - small RAM backed block device driver : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/null_blk}} === Device mapper === The ''device mapper'' is a framework provided by the kernel for mapping physical block devices onto higher-level "virtual block devices". It forms the foundation of LVM2, software RAIDs and dm-crypt disk encryption, and offers additional features such as file system snapshots. Device mapper works by passing data from a virtual block device, which is provided by the device mapper itself, to another block device. Data can be also modified in transition, which is performed, for example, in the case of device mapper providing disk encryption. User space applications that need to create new mapped devices talk to the device mapper via the <code>libdevmapper.so</code> shared library, which in turn issues ioctls to the <code>/dev/mapper/control</code> device node. Functions provided by the device mapper include linear, striped and error ''mappings,'' as well as crypt and multipath ''targets.'' For example, two disks may be concatenated into one logical volume with a pair of ''linear'' mappings, one for each disk. As another example, ''crypt'' target encrypts the data passing through the specified device, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API. The following mapping targets are available: : ''cache'' - allows the creation of hybrid volumes, by using solid-state drives (SSDs) as caches for hard disk drives (HDDs) : ''crypt'' - provides data encryption, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API : ''delay'' - delays reads and/or writes to different devices (used for testing) : ''era'' - behaves in a way similar to the linear target, while it keeps track of blocks that were written to within a user-defined period of time : ''error'' - simulates I/O errors for all mapped blocks (used for testing) : ''flakey'' - simulates periodic unreliable behaviour (used for testing) : ''linear'' - maps a continuous range of blocks onto another block device : ''mirror'' - maps a mirrored logical device, while providing data redundancy : ''multipath'' - supports the mapping of multipathed devices, through usage of their path groups : ''raid'' - offers an interface to the Linux kernel's software RAID driver (md) : ''snapshot'' and ''snapshot-origin'' - used for creation of LVM snapshots, as part of the underlining copy-on-write scheme : ''striped'' - strips the data across physical devices, with the number of stripes and the striping chunk size as parameters : ''zero'' - an equivalent of <code>/dev/zero</code>, all reads return blocks of zeros, and writes are discarded 📚 References : {{w|Device mapper}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device mapper|admin-guide/device-mapper}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device-mapper.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/md}} : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Device_mapper === Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing === The blk-mq API enhances IO performance by leveraging multiple queues for parallel processing, addressing bottlenecks from traditional single-queue designs. It uses software queues for scheduling, merging, and reordering requests, and hardware queues to interface directly with devices. If hardware resources are limited, requests are temporarily queued for later dispatch. ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blk-mq.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_ctx}} &ndash software staging queue :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_hw_ctx}} &ndash hardware dispatch queue ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq.c}} : ... 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)|block/blk-mq.html}} === I/O scheduler === I/O scheduling (or disk scheduling) is the method chosen by the kernel to decide in which order the block I/O operations will be submitted to the storage volumes. I/O scheduling usually has to work with hard disk drives that have long access times for requests placed far away from the current position of the disk head (this operation is called a seek). To minimize the effect this has on system performance, most I/O schedulers implement a variant of the elevator algorithm that reorders the incoming randomly ordered requests so the associated data would be accessed with minimal arm/head movement. The particular I/O scheduler used with certain block device can be switched at run time by modifying the corresponding <code>/sys/block/<block_device>/queue/scheduler</code> file in the sysfs filesystem. Some I/O schedulers also have tunable parameters that can be set through files in <code>/sys/block/<block_device>/queue/iosched/</code>. ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/elevator.h}} : Function {{The Linux Kernel/id|elv_register}} registers struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|elevator_type}}. : {{The Linux Kernel/id|elevator_queue}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/elevator.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/Kconfig.iosched}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/bfq-iosched.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/kyber-iosched.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/mq-deadline.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|include/trace/events/block.h}} 📖 References: : {{w|I/O scheduling}} : {{w|Elevator algorithm}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Switching Scheduler|block/switching-sched.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|BFQ - Budget Fair Queueing|block/bfq-iosched.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline IO scheduler tunables|deadline-iosched.html}} : https://www.cloudbees.com/blog/linux-io-scheduler-tuning/ : https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Reference/IOSchedulers === ... === 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Block devices|block}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Switching Scheduler|block/switching-sched.html}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|BFQ - Budget Fair Queueing|block/bfq-iosched.html}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline IO scheduler tunables|block/deadline-iosched.html}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kyber I/O scheduler tunables|block/kyber-iosched.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)|block/blk-mq.html}} 📚 Further reading : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Block_layer : [https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/ block devices ML] : [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch16.pdf LDD3:Block Drivers] : [http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch12.html LDD1:Loading Block Drivers] : [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/understanding-the-linux/0596005652/ch14.html ULK3 Chapter 14. Block Device Drivers] == {{w|Computer data storage|Storage}} drivers == 🔧 TODO ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/scsi}} - {{w|SCSI|Small Computer System Interface}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/virtio}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/sdio}} - {{w|Secure Digital#SDIO cards|Secure Digital Input Output}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvmem}} - Non Volatile Memory devices like {{w|EEPROM}}, {{w|Efuse}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/mtd}} - {{w|Memory Technology Device}} for 🤖 embedded devices === NVMe === {{w|NVM Express}} drivers provide accesses a computer's {{w|non-volatile storage}}. Local storage is attached via {{w|PCIe|PCI Express}} bus. PCI NVMe device driver entry point is {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init}}. Remote storage driver is called target and local {{w|Proxy_pattern|proxy}} driver is called host. {{w|Switched fabric|Fabrics}} connect remote targets with local host. A fabric can be based on {{w|Remote direct memory access|RDMA}}, {{w|Transmission Control Protocol|TCP}} or {{w|Fibre Channel}} protocols. ⚲ API: : [https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli nvme-cli] : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/nvme_ioctl.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme.h}} ⚙️ '''Internals:''' : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme}} '''Host''' {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host}}: ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host/nvme.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init_ctrl}} initializes a NVMe controller structures {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_ctrl}} with operations {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_ctrl_ops}} ::: a subroutine of {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_scan_work}} adds a new disk with {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_add_disk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init}} - local PCI nvme module init :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_probe}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init_ctrl}} ... ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_pci_ctrl_ops}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_core_init}} - module init '''Fabrics''' ⚲ interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host/fabrics.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_register_transport}} resisters {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_transport_ops}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_init}} - fabrics module init ⚙️ internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_init}} - fabrics module init :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_misc}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_dev_fops}} :::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_dev_write}} ::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_create_ctrl}} binds {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_transport_ops}} '''Target''' {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/target}}: ⚲ Interfaces: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/target/nvmet.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_register_transport}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_fabrics_ops}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_init}} - module init : {{The Linux Kernel/id|fcloop_init}} - loopback test module init which can be useful to test NVMe-FC transport interfaces. {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! colspan="3" |NVMe over {{w|Switched fabric|Fabrics}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Layers</div> !{{w|Transmission Control Protocol|TCP}} ![[../Networking#RDMA|RDMA]] !{{w|Fibre Channel}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Host modules</div> |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_tcp_init_module}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_rdma_init_module}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_fc_init_module}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Fabrics protocols</div> |{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-tcp.h}} |{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-rdma.h}} |{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-fc.h}} {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-fc-driver.h}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Target modules</div> |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_tcp_init}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_rdma_init}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_fc_init_module}} |} 👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_init_module}} nvme loopback : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_transport}} - fabrics operations :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_create_ctrl}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_create_io_queues}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_ops}} - target operation :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_add_port}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_queue_response}} == Appendices== 🚀 Advanced : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|pidstat}} &ndash; reports task statistics : /proc/self/io &ndash; I/O statistics for the process (see {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|proc}}) 💾 Historical storage drivers : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/ata}} - {{w|Parallel ATA}} 📖 Further reading about storage : [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/README.md#storage-and-filesystems-tools bcc/ebpf storage and filesystems tools] {{BookCat}} ek81r9tdfw3t7uzbiucuiihh9woa777 4442376 4442375 2024-10-24T15:59:55Z Conan 3188 /* Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing */ 4442376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Storage functionality}} {|style="width: 25%; float: right; text-align:center;border-spacing: 0; color:black; margin:auto;" cellpadding=5pc ! bgcolor=#cef | storage |-style="" | bgcolor=#aef | [[#Files_and_directories|files & directories access]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#8df | [[#Virtual File System|Virtual File System]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#8ce |[[#Page_cache|page cache]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#7ac |[[#Logical file systems|logical file systems]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#69a |[[#Block_device_layer|block devices]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#689 |[[#Storage_drivers|storage drivers]] |} Storage functionality provides access to various storage devices via files and directories of files. Most of the storage is persistent as flash memory, SSD and legacy hard disks. Another kind of storage is temporary. The ''file system'' provides an abstraction to organize the information into separate pieces of data (called ''files'') identified by a unique name. Each file system type defines their own structures and logic rules used to manage these groups of information and their names. Linux supports a plethora or different file system types, local and remote, native and from other operating systems. To accommodate such disparity the kernel defines a common top layer, the ''virtual file system'' (VFS) layer. [[File:The Linux Storage Stack Diagram.svg|Summary of the Linux kernel's storage stack|right|800x800px]] == Files and directories == Four basic files access system calls: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|open}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sys_open}} - opens a file by name and returns a {{w|file descriptor}} (<big>fd</big>). Below functions operates on a fd. : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|close}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|close_fd}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|read}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_read}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|write}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_write}} File in Linux and UNIX is not only physical file on persistent storage. File interface is used to access pipes, sockets and other pseudo-files. 🔧 TODO : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readlink}} , {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|symlink}} , {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|link}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|readdir}} ⇾ {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getdents}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|path_resolution}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} &ndash; manipulate file descriptor ⚙️ Files and directories internals : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fs.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/open.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namei.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/read_write.c}} 📚 Files and directories references : [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/I_002fO-Overview.html Input/Output, The GNU C Library] : [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-3.html VFS in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals] : {{w|Unix file types}} === File locks === File locks are mechanisms that allow processes to coordinate access to shared files. These locks help prevent conflicts when multiple processes or threads attempt to access the same file simultaneously. 💾 ''Historical: [https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.14/K/ident/CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING Mandatory locking] feature is no longer supported at all in Linux 5.15 and above because the implementation is unreliable.'' ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|lslocks}} &ndash; list local system locks : {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|lockf}} &ndash; apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|flock}} &ndash; apply or remove an advisory BSD lock on an open file : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} &ndash; manipulate file descriptor :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SETLK}} &ndash; advisory record lock :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_OFD_SETLK}} &ndash; Open File Description Lock :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|flock}} &ndash; lock parameters ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/filelock.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/locks.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/filelock.h}} === Asynchronous I/O === 🚀 advanced features '''AIO''' : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Asynchronous_IO : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_submit}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_setup}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_cancel}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_destroy}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_getevents}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/aio_abi.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/aio.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|io/aio}} '''{{w|io_uring}}''' 🌱 ''New since release 5.1 in May 2019'' : https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/an-introduction-to-the-io_uring-asynchronous-io-framework : https://thenewstack.io/how-io_uring-and-ebpf-will-revolutionize-programming-in-linux/ : {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_enter}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_setup}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_register}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/io_uring.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/io_uring.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/.c}} : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#io_uring :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/779472/ io_uring, SCM_RIGHTS, and reference-count cycles] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/810414/ The rapid growth of io_uring] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/815491/ Automatic buffer selection for io_uring] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/826053/ Operations restrictions for io_uring] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/779472/ io_uring, SCM_RIGHTS, and reference-count cycles] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/803070/ Redesigned workqueues for io_uring] : {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|io_uring}} === {{w|Asynchronous_I/O#Forms|Non-blocking I/O}} === Allow non-blocking access to multiple file descriptors. '''Efficient event polling {{w|epoll}}''' ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/eventpoll.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|epoll}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_create}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_create}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_ctl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_ctl}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_wait}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_wait}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/eventpoll.c}} '''{{w|Select (Unix)|select}} and {{w|poll (Unix)|poll}}''' 💾 ''Historical: Select and poll system calls are derived from UNIX'' ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|poll}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sys_poll}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|select}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kern_select}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/select.c}} === Vectored I/O === 🚀 advanced feature {{w|Vectored I/O}}, also known as scatter/gather I/O, is a method of input and output by which a single procedure call sequentially reads data from multiple buffers and writes it to a single data stream, or reads data from a data stream and writes it to multiple buffers, as defined in a vector of buffers. Scatter/gather refers to the process of gathering data from, or scattering data into, the given set of buffers. Vectored I/O can operate synchronously or asynchronously. The main reasons for using vectored I/O are efficiency and convenience. ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/uio.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/uio.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|iovec}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readv}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_readv}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|writev}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_writev}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|iov_iter}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_readv}} ↯ call hierarchy: :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_readv}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|import_iovec}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_file_read_iter}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/iov_iter.c}} 📚 References : [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Scatter_002dGather.html Fast Scatter-Gather I/O, The GNU C Library] : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Vectored_IO : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scattergather_chaining == Virtual File System == The {{w|virtual file system}} (VFS) is an abstract layer on top of a concrete logical file system. The purpose of a VFS is to allow client applications to access different types of logical file systems in a uniform way. A VFS can, for example, be used to access local and [[../Networking#Network_storage|network storage]] devices transparently without the client application noticing the difference. It can be used to bridge the differences in Windows, classic Mac OS/macOS and Unix filesystems, so that applications can access files on local file systems of those types without having to know what type of file system they are accessing. A VFS specifies an interface (or a "contract") between the kernel and a logical file system. Therefore, it is easy to add support for new file system types to the kernel simply by fulfilling the contract. 🔧 TODO: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfsmount}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_create}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_read}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_write}} 📚 VFS References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|VFS|filesystems/#core-vfs-documentation}} : [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-3.html VFS in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals] == Logical file systems == A {{w|file system}} (or ''filesystem'') is used to control how data is stored and retrieved. Without a file system, information placed in a storage area would be one large body of data with no way to tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins. By separating the data into individual pieces, and giving each piece a name, the information is easily separated and identified. Each group of data is called a "file". The structure and logic rules used to manage the groups of information and their names is called a "file system". There are many different kinds of file systems. Each one has different structure and logic, properties of speed, flexibility, security, size and more. Some file systems have been designed to be used for specific applications. For example, the ISO 9660 file system is designed specifically for optical discs. File systems can be used on many different kinds of storage devices. Each storage device uses a different kind of media. The most common storage device in use today is a {{w|SSD}}. Other media that was used are hard disk, magnetic tape, optical disc, and . In some cases, the computer's main memory (RAM) is used to create a temporary file system for short-term use. Raw storage is called a block device. Linux supports many different file systems, but common choices for the system disk on a block device include the ext* family (such as {{w|ext2}}, {{w|ext3}} and {{w|ext4}}), {{w|XFS}}, {{w|ReiserFS}} and {{w|btrfs}}. For raw Flash without a {{w|flash translation layer}} (FTL) or {{w|Memory Technology Device}} (MTD), there is {{w|UBIFS}}, {{w|JFFS2}}, and {{w|YAFFS}}, among others. {{w|SquashFS}} is a common compressed read-only file system. NFS and another network FS are described further in paragraph [[../Networking#Network_storage|Network storage]]. ⚲ Shell interfaces: : cat /proc/filesystems : ls /sys/fs/ : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|mount}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|umount}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|findmnt}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|mountpoint}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|df}} Infrastructure ⚲ API function {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_filesystem}} registers structs {{The Linux Kernel/id|file_system_type}} and stores them in linked list ⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|file_systems}}. Function {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_init_fs}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_fs_type}}. Operation of ''file system opening'' is called mounting: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_mount}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namespace.c}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mount}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mount}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/buffer_head.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|super_block}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sb_bread}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/ext4/ext4.h}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_sb_bread}} 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|filesystems|filesystems/#filesystems}} : Kernel wikis: [https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/ EXT4], [https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/ btrfs], [https://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org/ Reiser4], [https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/ RAID], [https://xfs.wiki.kernel.org/ XFS] == Page cache == A page cache or disk cache is a transparent cache for the memory pages originating from a secondary storage device such as a hard disk drive. The operating system keeps a page cache in otherwise unused portions of the main memory, resulting in quicker access to the contents of cached pages and overall performance improvements. The page cache is implemented by the kernel, and is mostly transparent to applications. Usually, all physical memory not directly allocated to applications is used by the operating system for the page cache. Since the memory would otherwise be idle and is easily reclaimed when applications request it, there is generally no associated performance penalty and the operating system might even report such memory as "free" or "available". The page cache also aids in writing to a disk. Pages in the main memory that have been modified during writing data to disk are marked as "dirty" and have to be flushed to disk before they can be freed. When a file write occurs, the page backing the particular block is looked up. If it is already found in the page cache, the write is done to that page in the main memory. Otherwise, when the write perfectly falls on page size boundaries, the page is not even read from disk, but allocated and immediately marked dirty. Otherwise, the page(s) are fetched from disk and requested modifications are done. Not all cached pages can be written to as program code is often mapped as read-only or copy-on-write; in the latter case, modifications to code will only be visible to the process itself and will not be written to disk. ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fsync}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fsync}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sync_file_range}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_sync_file_range}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syncfs}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sync_filesystem}} 📚 References : {{The Linux Kernel/id|wb_workfn}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|address_space}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_writepages}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/writeback.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/page-writeback.c}} : {{w|Page cache}} More : [https://lwn.net/Articles/717953/ The future of DAX ] - direct access bypassing the cache : [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-4.html Linux Page Cache in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals] == Zero-copy == 🚀 advanced features Writing data to storage and reading are very resource consuming operations. Copying memory is time and CPU consuming operation too. Set of methods to avoid copying operations is called {{w|zero-copy}}. The goal of zero-copy methods is a fast and efficient data transfer within the system. The first and simplest method is {{w|Pipeline (Unix)|Pipeline}}, invoked by operator "|" in shells. Instead of writing data into temporary file and reading, the data is passed efficiently via a pipe bypassing a storage. The second method is {{w|Tee_(command)|tee}}. ⚲ Syscalls: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pipe2}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tee}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|tee}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|copy_file_range}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|splice}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|vmsplice}} ⚲ API and ⚙️ Internals: : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pipe2}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_pipe2}} - creates pipe :: uses {{The Linux Kernel/id|pipe_fs_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pipefifo_fops}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tee}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_tee}}- duplicates pipe content :: calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|link_pipe}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sendfile}} - transfers data between file descriptors, the output can be a socket. Used in [[../Networking#Network_storage|network storage]] and servers. :: Calls: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_direct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_direct_to_actor}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|copy_file_range}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_copy_file_range}} - transfers data between files :: calls custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|remap_file_range}} like {{The Linux Kernel/id|nfs42_remap_file_range}} :: or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_file_range}} like {{The Linux Kernel/id|fuse_copy_file_range}} :: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_direct}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|splice}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice}} - splices data to/from a pipe. :: There are three cases regarding which end being a pipe: :# {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_from}} - only input is a pipe :#: Calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|iter_file_splice_write}} or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_write}} :#: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|default_file_splice_write}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|write_pipe_buf}}, {{The Linux_Kernel/id|splice_from_pipe}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__splice_from_pipe}} :# {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_to}} - only output is a pipe. :#: Calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|generic_file_splice_read}} or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_read}} :#: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|default_file_splice_read}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_readv}} :# {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_pipe_to_pipe}} - both are pipes : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|vmsplice}}''' ↪ :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmsplice_to_pipe}} &ndash; splices user pages to a pipe :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmsplice_to_user}} &ndash; splices a pipe to user pages ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/splice.h}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/pipe.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/splice.c}} 🔧 TODO: {{The Linux Kernel/id|zerocopy_sg_from_iter}} builds a zerocopy skb datagram from an iov_iter. Used in {{The Linux Kernel/id|tap_get_user}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|tun_get_user}}. {{The Linux Kernel/id|skb_zerocopy}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|skb_zerocopy_iter_dgram}} 📚 References : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pipe}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|fifo}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|splice and pipes|filesystems/splice.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Pipes API|filesystems/splice.html#pipes-api}} : {{w|splice (system call)}} : LTP: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|pipe}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|pipe2}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|tee}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sendfile}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|copy_file_range}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|splice}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|vmsplice}} == Block device layer == Linux storage is based on block devices. Block devices provide buffered access to the hardware, always allowing to read or write any sized block (including single characters/bytes) and are not subject to alignment restrictions. They are commonly used to represent hardware like hard disks. ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/genhd.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blk_types.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bio}} &ndash; main unit of I/O for the block layer and lower layers : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bio.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_device}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_disk_node}} allocates {{The Linux Kernel/id|gendisk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_disk}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_add_disk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_device_operations}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_blkdev}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|bio}} - main unit of I/O for the block layer and lower layers (ie drivers and stacking drivers) : {{The Linux Kernel/id|request}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_queue}} ⚙️ Internals. : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}} 👁 Examples: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/brd.c}} - small RAM backed block device driver : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/null_blk}} === Device mapper === The ''device mapper'' is a framework provided by the kernel for mapping physical block devices onto higher-level "virtual block devices". It forms the foundation of LVM2, software RAIDs and dm-crypt disk encryption, and offers additional features such as file system snapshots. Device mapper works by passing data from a virtual block device, which is provided by the device mapper itself, to another block device. Data can be also modified in transition, which is performed, for example, in the case of device mapper providing disk encryption. User space applications that need to create new mapped devices talk to the device mapper via the <code>libdevmapper.so</code> shared library, which in turn issues ioctls to the <code>/dev/mapper/control</code> device node. Functions provided by the device mapper include linear, striped and error ''mappings,'' as well as crypt and multipath ''targets.'' For example, two disks may be concatenated into one logical volume with a pair of ''linear'' mappings, one for each disk. As another example, ''crypt'' target encrypts the data passing through the specified device, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API. The following mapping targets are available: : ''cache'' - allows the creation of hybrid volumes, by using solid-state drives (SSDs) as caches for hard disk drives (HDDs) : ''crypt'' - provides data encryption, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API : ''delay'' - delays reads and/or writes to different devices (used for testing) : ''era'' - behaves in a way similar to the linear target, while it keeps track of blocks that were written to within a user-defined period of time : ''error'' - simulates I/O errors for all mapped blocks (used for testing) : ''flakey'' - simulates periodic unreliable behaviour (used for testing) : ''linear'' - maps a continuous range of blocks onto another block device : ''mirror'' - maps a mirrored logical device, while providing data redundancy : ''multipath'' - supports the mapping of multipathed devices, through usage of their path groups : ''raid'' - offers an interface to the Linux kernel's software RAID driver (md) : ''snapshot'' and ''snapshot-origin'' - used for creation of LVM snapshots, as part of the underlining copy-on-write scheme : ''striped'' - strips the data across physical devices, with the number of stripes and the striping chunk size as parameters : ''zero'' - an equivalent of <code>/dev/zero</code>, all reads return blocks of zeros, and writes are discarded 📚 References : {{w|Device mapper}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device mapper|admin-guide/device-mapper}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device-mapper.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/md}} : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Device_mapper === Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing === The blk-mq API enhances IO performance by leveraging multiple queues for parallel processing, addressing bottlenecks from traditional single-queue designs. It uses software queues for scheduling, merging, and reordering requests, and hardware queues to interface directly with devices. If hardware resources are limited, requests are temporarily queued for later dispatch. ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blk-mq.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_hw_ctx}} &ndash; hardware dispatch queue ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_ctx}} &ndash; software staging queue : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq.c}} : ... 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)|block/blk-mq.html}} === I/O scheduler === I/O scheduling (or disk scheduling) is the method chosen by the kernel to decide in which order the block I/O operations will be submitted to the storage volumes. I/O scheduling usually has to work with hard disk drives that have long access times for requests placed far away from the current position of the disk head (this operation is called a seek). To minimize the effect this has on system performance, most I/O schedulers implement a variant of the elevator algorithm that reorders the incoming randomly ordered requests so the associated data would be accessed with minimal arm/head movement. The particular I/O scheduler used with certain block device can be switched at run time by modifying the corresponding <code>/sys/block/<block_device>/queue/scheduler</code> file in the sysfs filesystem. Some I/O schedulers also have tunable parameters that can be set through files in <code>/sys/block/<block_device>/queue/iosched/</code>. ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/elevator.h}} : Function {{The Linux Kernel/id|elv_register}} registers struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|elevator_type}}. : {{The Linux Kernel/id|elevator_queue}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/elevator.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/Kconfig.iosched}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/bfq-iosched.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/kyber-iosched.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/mq-deadline.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|include/trace/events/block.h}} 📖 References: : {{w|I/O scheduling}} : {{w|Elevator algorithm}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Switching Scheduler|block/switching-sched.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|BFQ - Budget Fair Queueing|block/bfq-iosched.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline IO scheduler tunables|deadline-iosched.html}} : https://www.cloudbees.com/blog/linux-io-scheduler-tuning/ : https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Reference/IOSchedulers === ... === 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Block devices|block}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Switching Scheduler|block/switching-sched.html}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|BFQ - Budget Fair Queueing|block/bfq-iosched.html}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline IO scheduler tunables|block/deadline-iosched.html}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kyber I/O scheduler tunables|block/kyber-iosched.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)|block/blk-mq.html}} 📚 Further reading : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Block_layer : [https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/ block devices ML] : [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch16.pdf LDD3:Block Drivers] : [http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch12.html LDD1:Loading Block Drivers] : [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/understanding-the-linux/0596005652/ch14.html ULK3 Chapter 14. Block Device Drivers] == {{w|Computer data storage|Storage}} drivers == 🔧 TODO ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/scsi}} - {{w|SCSI|Small Computer System Interface}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/virtio}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/sdio}} - {{w|Secure Digital#SDIO cards|Secure Digital Input Output}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvmem}} - Non Volatile Memory devices like {{w|EEPROM}}, {{w|Efuse}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/mtd}} - {{w|Memory Technology Device}} for 🤖 embedded devices === NVMe === {{w|NVM Express}} drivers provide accesses a computer's {{w|non-volatile storage}}. Local storage is attached via {{w|PCIe|PCI Express}} bus. PCI NVMe device driver entry point is {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init}}. Remote storage driver is called target and local {{w|Proxy_pattern|proxy}} driver is called host. {{w|Switched fabric|Fabrics}} connect remote targets with local host. A fabric can be based on {{w|Remote direct memory access|RDMA}}, {{w|Transmission Control Protocol|TCP}} or {{w|Fibre Channel}} protocols. ⚲ API: : [https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli nvme-cli] : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/nvme_ioctl.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme.h}} ⚙️ '''Internals:''' : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme}} '''Host''' {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host}}: ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host/nvme.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init_ctrl}} initializes a NVMe controller structures {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_ctrl}} with operations {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_ctrl_ops}} ::: a subroutine of {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_scan_work}} adds a new disk with {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_add_disk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init}} - local PCI nvme module init :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_probe}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init_ctrl}} ... ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_pci_ctrl_ops}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_core_init}} - module init '''Fabrics''' ⚲ interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host/fabrics.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_register_transport}} resisters {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_transport_ops}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_init}} - fabrics module init ⚙️ internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_init}} - fabrics module init :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_misc}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_dev_fops}} :::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_dev_write}} ::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_create_ctrl}} binds {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_transport_ops}} '''Target''' {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/target}}: ⚲ Interfaces: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/target/nvmet.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_register_transport}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_fabrics_ops}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_init}} - module init : {{The Linux Kernel/id|fcloop_init}} - loopback test module init which can be useful to test NVMe-FC transport interfaces. {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! colspan="3" |NVMe over {{w|Switched fabric|Fabrics}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Layers</div> !{{w|Transmission Control Protocol|TCP}} ![[../Networking#RDMA|RDMA]] !{{w|Fibre Channel}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Host modules</div> |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_tcp_init_module}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_rdma_init_module}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_fc_init_module}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Fabrics protocols</div> |{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-tcp.h}} |{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-rdma.h}} |{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-fc.h}} {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-fc-driver.h}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Target modules</div> |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_tcp_init}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_rdma_init}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_fc_init_module}} |} 👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_init_module}} nvme loopback : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_transport}} - fabrics operations :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_create_ctrl}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_create_io_queues}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_ops}} - target operation :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_add_port}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_queue_response}} == Appendices== 🚀 Advanced : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|pidstat}} &ndash; reports task statistics : /proc/self/io &ndash; I/O statistics for the process (see {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|proc}}) 💾 Historical storage drivers : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/ata}} - {{w|Parallel ATA}} 📖 Further reading about storage : [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/README.md#storage-and-filesystems-tools bcc/ebpf storage and filesystems tools] {{BookCat}} 5bgtvy2g74tqts2wkogywhk0ltz7ojn 4442382 4442376 2024-10-24T17:24:50Z Conan 3188 /* Block device layer */ intro 4442382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Storage functionality}} {|style="width: 25%; float: right; text-align:center;border-spacing: 0; color:black; margin:auto;" cellpadding=5pc ! bgcolor=#cef | storage |-style="" | bgcolor=#aef | [[#Files_and_directories|files & directories access]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#8df | [[#Virtual File System|Virtual File System]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#8ce |[[#Page_cache|page cache]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#7ac |[[#Logical file systems|logical file systems]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#69a |[[#Block_device_layer|block devices]] |-style="" | bgcolor=#689 |[[#Storage_drivers|storage drivers]] |} Storage functionality provides access to various storage devices via files and directories of files. Most of the storage is persistent as flash memory, SSD and legacy hard disks. Another kind of storage is temporary. The ''file system'' provides an abstraction to organize the information into separate pieces of data (called ''files'') identified by a unique name. Each file system type defines their own structures and logic rules used to manage these groups of information and their names. Linux supports a plethora or different file system types, local and remote, native and from other operating systems. To accommodate such disparity the kernel defines a common top layer, the ''virtual file system'' (VFS) layer. [[File:The Linux Storage Stack Diagram.svg|Summary of the Linux kernel's storage stack|right|800x800px]] == Files and directories == Four basic files access system calls: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|open}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sys_open}} - opens a file by name and returns a {{w|file descriptor}} (<big>fd</big>). Below functions operates on a fd. : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|close}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|close_fd}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|read}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_read}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|write}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_write}} File in Linux and UNIX is not only physical file on persistent storage. File interface is used to access pipes, sockets and other pseudo-files. 🔧 TODO : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readlink}} , {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|symlink}} , {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|link}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|readdir}} ⇾ {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getdents}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|path_resolution}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} &ndash; manipulate file descriptor ⚙️ Files and directories internals : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fs.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/open.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namei.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/read_write.c}} 📚 Files and directories references : [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/I_002fO-Overview.html Input/Output, The GNU C Library] : [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-3.html VFS in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals] : {{w|Unix file types}} === File locks === File locks are mechanisms that allow processes to coordinate access to shared files. These locks help prevent conflicts when multiple processes or threads attempt to access the same file simultaneously. 💾 ''Historical: [https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.14/K/ident/CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING Mandatory locking] feature is no longer supported at all in Linux 5.15 and above because the implementation is unreliable.'' ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|lslocks}} &ndash; list local system locks : {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|lockf}} &ndash; apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|flock}} &ndash; apply or remove an advisory BSD lock on an open file : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} &ndash; manipulate file descriptor :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SETLK}} &ndash; advisory record lock :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_OFD_SETLK}} &ndash; Open File Description Lock :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|flock}} &ndash; lock parameters ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/filelock.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/locks.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/filelock.h}} === Asynchronous I/O === 🚀 advanced features '''AIO''' : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Asynchronous_IO : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_submit}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_setup}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_cancel}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_destroy}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_getevents}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/aio_abi.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/aio.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|io/aio}} '''{{w|io_uring}}''' 🌱 ''New since release 5.1 in May 2019'' : https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/an-introduction-to-the-io_uring-asynchronous-io-framework : https://thenewstack.io/how-io_uring-and-ebpf-will-revolutionize-programming-in-linux/ : {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_enter}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_setup}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_register}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/io_uring.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/io_uring.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/.c}} : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#io_uring :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/779472/ io_uring, SCM_RIGHTS, and reference-count cycles] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/810414/ The rapid growth of io_uring] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/815491/ Automatic buffer selection for io_uring] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/826053/ Operations restrictions for io_uring] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/779472/ io_uring, SCM_RIGHTS, and reference-count cycles] :: [https://lwn.net/Articles/803070/ Redesigned workqueues for io_uring] : {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|io_uring}} === {{w|Asynchronous_I/O#Forms|Non-blocking I/O}} === Allow non-blocking access to multiple file descriptors. '''Efficient event polling {{w|epoll}}''' ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/eventpoll.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|epoll}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_create}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_create}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_ctl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_ctl}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_wait}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_wait}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/eventpoll.c}} '''{{w|Select (Unix)|select}} and {{w|poll (Unix)|poll}}''' 💾 ''Historical: Select and poll system calls are derived from UNIX'' ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|poll}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sys_poll}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|select}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kern_select}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/select.c}} === Vectored I/O === 🚀 advanced feature {{w|Vectored I/O}}, also known as scatter/gather I/O, is a method of input and output by which a single procedure call sequentially reads data from multiple buffers and writes it to a single data stream, or reads data from a data stream and writes it to multiple buffers, as defined in a vector of buffers. Scatter/gather refers to the process of gathering data from, or scattering data into, the given set of buffers. Vectored I/O can operate synchronously or asynchronously. The main reasons for using vectored I/O are efficiency and convenience. ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/uio.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/uio.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|iovec}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readv}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_readv}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|writev}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_writev}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|iov_iter}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_readv}} ↯ call hierarchy: :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_readv}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|import_iovec}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_file_read_iter}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/iov_iter.c}} 📚 References : [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Scatter_002dGather.html Fast Scatter-Gather I/O, The GNU C Library] : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Vectored_IO : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scattergather_chaining == Virtual File System == The {{w|virtual file system}} (VFS) is an abstract layer on top of a concrete logical file system. The purpose of a VFS is to allow client applications to access different types of logical file systems in a uniform way. A VFS can, for example, be used to access local and [[../Networking#Network_storage|network storage]] devices transparently without the client application noticing the difference. It can be used to bridge the differences in Windows, classic Mac OS/macOS and Unix filesystems, so that applications can access files on local file systems of those types without having to know what type of file system they are accessing. A VFS specifies an interface (or a "contract") between the kernel and a logical file system. Therefore, it is easy to add support for new file system types to the kernel simply by fulfilling the contract. 🔧 TODO: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfsmount}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_create}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_read}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_write}} 📚 VFS References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|VFS|filesystems/#core-vfs-documentation}} : [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-3.html VFS in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals] == Logical file systems == A {{w|file system}} (or ''filesystem'') is used to control how data is stored and retrieved. Without a file system, information placed in a storage area would be one large body of data with no way to tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins. By separating the data into individual pieces, and giving each piece a name, the information is easily separated and identified. Each group of data is called a "file". The structure and logic rules used to manage the groups of information and their names is called a "file system". There are many different kinds of file systems. Each one has different structure and logic, properties of speed, flexibility, security, size and more. Some file systems have been designed to be used for specific applications. For example, the ISO 9660 file system is designed specifically for optical discs. File systems can be used on many different kinds of storage devices. Each storage device uses a different kind of media. The most common storage device in use today is a {{w|SSD}}. Other media that was used are hard disk, magnetic tape, optical disc, and . In some cases, the computer's main memory (RAM) is used to create a temporary file system for short-term use. Raw storage is called a block device. Linux supports many different file systems, but common choices for the system disk on a block device include the ext* family (such as {{w|ext2}}, {{w|ext3}} and {{w|ext4}}), {{w|XFS}}, {{w|ReiserFS}} and {{w|btrfs}}. For raw Flash without a {{w|flash translation layer}} (FTL) or {{w|Memory Technology Device}} (MTD), there is {{w|UBIFS}}, {{w|JFFS2}}, and {{w|YAFFS}}, among others. {{w|SquashFS}} is a common compressed read-only file system. NFS and another network FS are described further in paragraph [[../Networking#Network_storage|Network storage]]. ⚲ Shell interfaces: : cat /proc/filesystems : ls /sys/fs/ : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|mount}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|umount}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|findmnt}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|mountpoint}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|df}} Infrastructure ⚲ API function {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_filesystem}} registers structs {{The Linux Kernel/id|file_system_type}} and stores them in linked list ⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|file_systems}}. Function {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_init_fs}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_fs_type}}. Operation of ''file system opening'' is called mounting: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_mount}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namespace.c}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mount}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mount}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/buffer_head.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|super_block}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sb_bread}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/ext4/ext4.h}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_sb_bread}} 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|filesystems|filesystems/#filesystems}} : Kernel wikis: [https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/ EXT4], [https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/ btrfs], [https://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org/ Reiser4], [https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/ RAID], [https://xfs.wiki.kernel.org/ XFS] == Page cache == A page cache or disk cache is a transparent cache for the memory pages originating from a secondary storage device such as a hard disk drive. The operating system keeps a page cache in otherwise unused portions of the main memory, resulting in quicker access to the contents of cached pages and overall performance improvements. The page cache is implemented by the kernel, and is mostly transparent to applications. Usually, all physical memory not directly allocated to applications is used by the operating system for the page cache. Since the memory would otherwise be idle and is easily reclaimed when applications request it, there is generally no associated performance penalty and the operating system might even report such memory as "free" or "available". The page cache also aids in writing to a disk. Pages in the main memory that have been modified during writing data to disk are marked as "dirty" and have to be flushed to disk before they can be freed. When a file write occurs, the page backing the particular block is looked up. If it is already found in the page cache, the write is done to that page in the main memory. Otherwise, when the write perfectly falls on page size boundaries, the page is not even read from disk, but allocated and immediately marked dirty. Otherwise, the page(s) are fetched from disk and requested modifications are done. Not all cached pages can be written to as program code is often mapped as read-only or copy-on-write; in the latter case, modifications to code will only be visible to the process itself and will not be written to disk. ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fsync}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fsync}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sync_file_range}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_sync_file_range}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syncfs}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sync_filesystem}} 📚 References : {{The Linux Kernel/id|wb_workfn}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|address_space}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_writepages}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/writeback.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/page-writeback.c}} : {{w|Page cache}} More : [https://lwn.net/Articles/717953/ The future of DAX ] - direct access bypassing the cache : [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-4.html Linux Page Cache in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals] == Zero-copy == 🚀 advanced features Writing data to storage and reading are very resource consuming operations. Copying memory is time and CPU consuming operation too. Set of methods to avoid copying operations is called {{w|zero-copy}}. The goal of zero-copy methods is a fast and efficient data transfer within the system. The first and simplest method is {{w|Pipeline (Unix)|Pipeline}}, invoked by operator "|" in shells. Instead of writing data into temporary file and reading, the data is passed efficiently via a pipe bypassing a storage. The second method is {{w|Tee_(command)|tee}}. ⚲ Syscalls: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pipe2}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tee}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|tee}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|copy_file_range}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|splice}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|vmsplice}} ⚲ API and ⚙️ Internals: : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pipe2}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_pipe2}} - creates pipe :: uses {{The Linux Kernel/id|pipe_fs_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pipefifo_fops}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tee}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_tee}}- duplicates pipe content :: calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|link_pipe}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sendfile}} - transfers data between file descriptors, the output can be a socket. Used in [[../Networking#Network_storage|network storage]] and servers. :: Calls: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_direct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_direct_to_actor}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|copy_file_range}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_copy_file_range}} - transfers data between files :: calls custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|remap_file_range}} like {{The Linux Kernel/id|nfs42_remap_file_range}} :: or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_file_range}} like {{The Linux Kernel/id|fuse_copy_file_range}} :: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_direct}} : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|splice}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice}} - splices data to/from a pipe. :: There are three cases regarding which end being a pipe: :# {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_from}} - only input is a pipe :#: Calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|iter_file_splice_write}} or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_write}} :#: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|default_file_splice_write}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|write_pipe_buf}}, {{The Linux_Kernel/id|splice_from_pipe}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__splice_from_pipe}} :# {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_to}} - only output is a pipe. :#: Calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|generic_file_splice_read}} or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_read}} :#: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|default_file_splice_read}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_readv}} :# {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_pipe_to_pipe}} - both are pipes : '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|vmsplice}}''' ↪ :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmsplice_to_pipe}} &ndash; splices user pages to a pipe :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmsplice_to_user}} &ndash; splices a pipe to user pages ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/splice.h}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/pipe.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/splice.c}} 🔧 TODO: {{The Linux Kernel/id|zerocopy_sg_from_iter}} builds a zerocopy skb datagram from an iov_iter. Used in {{The Linux Kernel/id|tap_get_user}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|tun_get_user}}. {{The Linux Kernel/id|skb_zerocopy}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|skb_zerocopy_iter_dgram}} 📚 References : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pipe}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|fifo}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|splice and pipes|filesystems/splice.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Pipes API|filesystems/splice.html#pipes-api}} : {{w|splice (system call)}} : LTP: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|pipe}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|pipe2}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|tee}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sendfile}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|copy_file_range}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|splice}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|vmsplice}} == Block device layer == The block device layer in Linux provides an abstraction for accessing storage devices, such as and USB drives, by presenting them as a series of fixed-size blocks. It sits between the hardware and the file system, allowing applications and file systems to perform read and write operations efficiently without needing to know the specifics of the underlying hardware. Key components include block drivers, the I/O scheduler, and buffer management, which work together to handle requests, optimize access patterns, and ensure data integrity. This layer supports essential features like caching, partition management, and queueing mechanisms to balance performance and reliability. ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/genhd.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blk_types.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bio}} &ndash; main unit of I/O for the block layer and lower layers : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bio.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_device}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_disk_node}} allocates {{The Linux Kernel/id|gendisk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_disk}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_add_disk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_device_operations}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_blkdev}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|bio}} - main unit of I/O for the block layer and lower layers (ie drivers and stacking drivers) : {{The Linux Kernel/id|request}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_queue}} ⚙️ Internals. : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}} 👁 Examples: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/brd.c}} - small RAM backed block device driver : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/null_blk}} === Device mapper === The ''device mapper'' is a framework provided by the kernel for mapping physical block devices onto higher-level "virtual block devices". It forms the foundation of LVM2, software RAIDs and dm-crypt disk encryption, and offers additional features such as file system snapshots. Device mapper works by passing data from a virtual block device, which is provided by the device mapper itself, to another block device. Data can be also modified in transition, which is performed, for example, in the case of device mapper providing disk encryption. User space applications that need to create new mapped devices talk to the device mapper via the <code>libdevmapper.so</code> shared library, which in turn issues ioctls to the <code>/dev/mapper/control</code> device node. Functions provided by the device mapper include linear, striped and error ''mappings,'' as well as crypt and multipath ''targets.'' For example, two disks may be concatenated into one logical volume with a pair of ''linear'' mappings, one for each disk. As another example, ''crypt'' target encrypts the data passing through the specified device, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API. The following mapping targets are available: : ''cache'' - allows the creation of hybrid volumes, by using solid-state drives (SSDs) as caches for hard disk drives (HDDs) : ''crypt'' - provides data encryption, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API : ''delay'' - delays reads and/or writes to different devices (used for testing) : ''era'' - behaves in a way similar to the linear target, while it keeps track of blocks that were written to within a user-defined period of time : ''error'' - simulates I/O errors for all mapped blocks (used for testing) : ''flakey'' - simulates periodic unreliable behaviour (used for testing) : ''linear'' - maps a continuous range of blocks onto another block device : ''mirror'' - maps a mirrored logical device, while providing data redundancy : ''multipath'' - supports the mapping of multipathed devices, through usage of their path groups : ''raid'' - offers an interface to the Linux kernel's software RAID driver (md) : ''snapshot'' and ''snapshot-origin'' - used for creation of LVM snapshots, as part of the underlining copy-on-write scheme : ''striped'' - strips the data across physical devices, with the number of stripes and the striping chunk size as parameters : ''zero'' - an equivalent of <code>/dev/zero</code>, all reads return blocks of zeros, and writes are discarded 📚 References : {{w|Device mapper}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device mapper|admin-guide/device-mapper}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device-mapper.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/md}} : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Device_mapper === Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing === The blk-mq API enhances IO performance by leveraging multiple queues for parallel processing, addressing bottlenecks from traditional single-queue designs. It uses software queues for scheduling, merging, and reordering requests, and hardware queues to interface directly with devices. If hardware resources are limited, requests are temporarily queued for later dispatch. ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blk-mq.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_hw_ctx}} &ndash; hardware dispatch queue ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_ctx}} &ndash; software staging queue : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq.c}} : ... 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)|block/blk-mq.html}} === I/O scheduler === I/O scheduling (or disk scheduling) is the method chosen by the kernel to decide in which order the block I/O operations will be submitted to the storage volumes. I/O scheduling usually has to work with hard disk drives that have long access times for requests placed far away from the current position of the disk head (this operation is called a seek). To minimize the effect this has on system performance, most I/O schedulers implement a variant of the elevator algorithm that reorders the incoming randomly ordered requests so the associated data would be accessed with minimal arm/head movement. The particular I/O scheduler used with certain block device can be switched at run time by modifying the corresponding <code>/sys/block/<block_device>/queue/scheduler</code> file in the sysfs filesystem. Some I/O schedulers also have tunable parameters that can be set through files in <code>/sys/block/<block_device>/queue/iosched/</code>. ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/elevator.h}} : Function {{The Linux Kernel/id|elv_register}} registers struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|elevator_type}}. : {{The Linux Kernel/id|elevator_queue}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/elevator.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/Kconfig.iosched}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/bfq-iosched.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/kyber-iosched.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/mq-deadline.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|include/trace/events/block.h}} 📖 References: : {{w|I/O scheduling}} : {{w|Elevator algorithm}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Switching Scheduler|block/switching-sched.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|BFQ - Budget Fair Queueing|block/bfq-iosched.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline IO scheduler tunables|deadline-iosched.html}} : https://www.cloudbees.com/blog/linux-io-scheduler-tuning/ : https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Reference/IOSchedulers === ... === 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Block devices|block}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Switching Scheduler|block/switching-sched.html}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|BFQ - Budget Fair Queueing|block/bfq-iosched.html}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline IO scheduler tunables|block/deadline-iosched.html}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kyber I/O scheduler tunables|block/kyber-iosched.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)|block/blk-mq.html}} 📚 Further reading : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Block_layer : [https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/ block devices ML] : [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch16.pdf LDD3:Block Drivers] : [http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch12.html LDD1:Loading Block Drivers] : [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/understanding-the-linux/0596005652/ch14.html ULK3 Chapter 14. Block Device Drivers] == {{w|Computer data storage|Storage}} drivers == 🔧 TODO ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/scsi}} - {{w|SCSI|Small Computer System Interface}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/virtio}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/sdio}} - {{w|Secure Digital#SDIO cards|Secure Digital Input Output}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvmem}} - Non Volatile Memory devices like {{w|EEPROM}}, {{w|Efuse}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/mtd}} - {{w|Memory Technology Device}} for 🤖 embedded devices === NVMe === {{w|NVM Express}} drivers provide accesses a computer's {{w|non-volatile storage}}. Local storage is attached via {{w|PCIe|PCI Express}} bus. PCI NVMe device driver entry point is {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init}}. Remote storage driver is called target and local {{w|Proxy_pattern|proxy}} driver is called host. {{w|Switched fabric|Fabrics}} connect remote targets with local host. A fabric can be based on {{w|Remote direct memory access|RDMA}}, {{w|Transmission Control Protocol|TCP}} or {{w|Fibre Channel}} protocols. ⚲ API: : [https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli nvme-cli] : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/nvme_ioctl.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme.h}} ⚙️ '''Internals:''' : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme}} '''Host''' {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host}}: ⚲ Interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host/nvme.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init_ctrl}} initializes a NVMe controller structures {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_ctrl}} with operations {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_ctrl_ops}} ::: a subroutine of {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_scan_work}} adds a new disk with {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_add_disk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init}} - local PCI nvme module init :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_probe}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init_ctrl}} ... ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_pci_ctrl_ops}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_core_init}} - module init '''Fabrics''' ⚲ interfaces: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host/fabrics.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_register_transport}} resisters {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_transport_ops}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_init}} - fabrics module init ⚙️ internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_init}} - fabrics module init :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_misc}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_dev_fops}} :::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_dev_write}} ::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_create_ctrl}} binds {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_transport_ops}} '''Target''' {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/target}}: ⚲ Interfaces: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/target/nvmet.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_register_transport}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_fabrics_ops}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_init}} - module init : {{The Linux Kernel/id|fcloop_init}} - loopback test module init which can be useful to test NVMe-FC transport interfaces. {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! colspan="3" |NVMe over {{w|Switched fabric|Fabrics}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Layers</div> !{{w|Transmission Control Protocol|TCP}} ![[../Networking#RDMA|RDMA]] !{{w|Fibre Channel}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Host modules</div> |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_tcp_init_module}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_rdma_init_module}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_fc_init_module}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Fabrics protocols</div> |{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-tcp.h}} |{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-rdma.h}} |{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-fc.h}} {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-fc-driver.h}} |- !<div style='text-align:left'>Target modules</div> |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_tcp_init}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_rdma_init}} |{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_fc_init_module}} |} 👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_init_module}} nvme loopback : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_transport}} - fabrics operations :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_create_ctrl}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_create_io_queues}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_ops}} - target operation :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_add_port}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_queue_response}} == Appendices== 🚀 Advanced : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|pidstat}} &ndash; reports task statistics : /proc/self/io &ndash; I/O statistics for the process (see {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|proc}}) 💾 Historical storage drivers : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/ata}} - {{w|Parallel ATA}} 📖 Further reading about storage : [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/README.md#storage-and-filesystems-tools bcc/ebpf storage and filesystems tools] {{BookCat}} o99u0vlfd2d7dcadw38lwp7v7fm71g5 OpenSSH/Cookbook/Proxies and Jump Hosts 0 248428 4442443 4438215 2024-10-25T07:52:29Z Larsnooden 430753 Diagram for basic SSH dynamic forwarding 4442443 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{simple chapter navigation|previous=Multiplexing|next=}}</noinclude> A proxy is an intermediary that forwards requests from clients to other servers. Performance improvement, load balancing, security or access control are some reasons proxies are used. <noinclude>__TOC__</noinclude> ==Jump Hosts -- Passing Through a Gateway or Two== It is possible to connect to another host via one or more intermediaries so that the client can act as if the connection were direct. The main method is to use an SSH connection to forward the SSH protocol through one or more ''jump'' hosts, using the '''ProxyJump''' directive, to an SSH server running on the target destination host. This is the most secure method because encryption is end-to-end. In addition to whatever other encryption goes on, the end points of the chain encrypt and decrypt each other's traffic. So the traffic passing through the intermediate hosts is always encrypted. But this method cannot be used if the intermediate hosts deny port forwarding. Using the '''ProxyCommand''' option to invoke Netcat as the last in the chain is a variation of this for very old clients. The SSH protocol is forwarded by <code>nc</code> instead of <code>ssh</code>. Attention must also be paid to whether or not the username changes from host to host in the chain of SSH connections. The outdated [http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 netcat] method does not allow a change of username. Other methods do. When port forwarding is available the easiest way is to use '''ProxyJump''' in the configuration file or '''-J''' as a run-time parameter. An example of '''-J''' usage is: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -J firewall.example.org:22 server2.example.org </syntaxhighlight> The '''ProxyJump''' directive ('''-J''') is so useful it has an entire sub-section [[#Passing Through One or More Gateways Using ProxyJump|below]]. In older versions '''-J''' is not available. In this case the safest and most straightforward way is to use [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)]'s stdio forwarding ('''-W''') mode to "bounce" the connection through an intermediate host. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -o ProxyCommand="ssh -W %h:%p firewall.example.org" server2.example.org </syntaxhighlight> This approach supports port-forwarding without further tricks. {{Info| A note about using '''%h''', '''%u''', and other expansion tokens from dodgy remote systems: In older versions of OpenSSH, an invalid user name or host name could be used to pass shell metacharacters via the expansion tokens. The problem is described in [https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51385 CVE-2023-51385] and mitigated somewhat in [https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6 OpenSSH 9.6] and later. It refers to untrusted proxy strings, such as may come from unreliable version control services and elsewhere. The mitigation is partial as it is infeasible to filter all the shell metacharacters which may be relevant to user-supplied commands. }} Even older clients don't support the '''-W''' option. In this case <code>ssh -tt</code> may be used. This forces TTY allocation and passes the SSH traffic as though typed, though this is less secure. To connect to ''server2'' via ''firewall'' as the jump host: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -tt firewall.example.com ssh -tt server2.example.org </syntaxhighlight> That example opens an SSH session to the remote machine. You can also pass commands. For example, to reattach to a remote screen session using [http://linux.die.net/man/1/screen screen] you can do the following: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -tt firewall.example.com ssh -tt server2.example.org screen -dR </syntaxhighlight> The chain can be arbitrarily long and is not limited to just two hosts. The disadvantage of this approach over stdio-forwarding at the network layer with '''-W''' or '''-J''' is that your session, any forwarded agent, X11 server, and sockets are exposed to the intermediate hosts. ===Passing Through One or More Gateways Using ProxyJump=== Starting from OpenSSH 7.3, released August 2016<ref name="ProxyJump">{{cite web |url=http://www.openssh.com/txt/release-7.3 |title=OpenSSH 7.3 Release Notes|publisher=OpenSSH|accessdate=2016-08-01|date=2016-08-01}}</ref>, the easiest way to pass through one or more jump hosts is with the '''ProxyJump''' directive in [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)]. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server2 HostName 192.168.5.38 ProxyJump user1@jumphost1.example.org:22 User fred </syntaxhighlight> Multiple jump hosts can be specified as a comma-separated list. The hosts will be visited in the order listed. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server3 HostName 192.168.5.38 ProxyJump user1@jumphost1.example.org:22,user2@jumphost2.example.org:2222 User fred </syntaxhighlight> It also has the shortcut of '''-J''' when using it as a run-time parameter. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -J user1@jumphost1.example.org:22 fred@192.168.5.38 </syntaxhighlight> Multiple jump hosts can be chained in the same way. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -J user1@jumphost1.example.org:22,user2@jumphost2.example.org:2222 fred@192.168.5.38 </syntaxhighlight> It is not possible to use both the '''ProxyJump''' and '''ProxyCommand''' directives in the same host configuration. The first one found is used and then the other blocked. ===Transiting a Jump Host Which Has Multiple RDomains / Routing Tables=== When passing through a jump host which has its relevant interfaces each on a different [http://man.openbsd.org/rdomain.4 rdomain(4)], it will be necessary to manipulate the routing tables manually. Specifically that means going back to an older method of transit which relies on [http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 netcat] and uses '''ProxyCommand''' instead of '''ProxyJump''' so that [http://man.openbsd.org/route.8 route(8)] can be added in the middle. Here is an example doing so using only run time parameters to pass through to rdomain 1: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -o ProxyCommand="ssh user1@jumphost.example.org route -T 1 exec nc %h %p" fred@server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> That configuration can be made persistent by adding it to the client configuration file, [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)]: <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host jump jumphost.example.org HostName jumphost.example.org User user1 IdentitiesOnly yes IdentityFile ~/.ssh/jump_key Host server server.example.com HostName 10.100.200.44 User fred IdentitiesOnly yes IdentityFile ~/.ssh/inside_key ProxyCommand ssh jump route -T 1 exec nc %h %p </syntaxhighlight> With those settings, it is then possible to connect to the host on the LAN via the jump host simply with the line <code>ssh server</code> and all the settings will be taken into use. Otherwise, the recommended way would have been to use '''ProxyJump'''. For more on using the older '''ProxyCommand''' directive see the section below, [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Proxies_and_Jump_Hosts#ProxyCommand_with_Netcat|ProxyCommand with Netcat]]. ===Conditional Use of Jump Hosts=== It is possible to use '''Match exec''' to select for difficult patterns or otherwise make complex decisions, such as which network the client is connecting from or the network connectivity of the available network(s). Below are two cases for how to automatically choose when to use '''ProxyJump''' to connect via an intermediate host. The first example is for occasions when there is no local IPv6 connectivity when connecting to a remote machine which has only IPv6<ref name="ipv6-decision"> {{cite web |title=phessler |author=Peter Hessler |date=2018-12-04 |publisher=Mastodon |url=https://bsd.network/@phessler/101182487005125208 |accessdate=2018-12-05}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Tunneling an SSH connection only when necessary using Match |author=Mike Lee Williams |date=2017-07-13 |url=https://mike.place/2017/ssh-match/ |accessdate=2019-09-05}}</ref>. The second case<ref name="lan-decision">{{cite web |title=afresh1 |author=Andrew Hewus Fresh |date=2019-08-25 |publisher=Mastodon |url=https://bsd.network/@AFresh1/102674835140957188 |accessdate=2019-09-05}}</ref> is for occasions when the target machines are on another network. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Match host ipv6only.example.org User fred Match host ipv6only.example.org !exec "route -n get -inet6 %h" ProxyJump dualstack.example.org </syntaxhighlight> With those settings, connections to the machine ''ipv6only.example.org'' will go via a jump host only if it is not directly accessible via IPv6. On GNU/Linux systems that capability would be more complicated. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Match host ipv6only.example.org User fred Match host ipv6only.example.org !exec "/sbin/ip route get $(host -t AAAA %h | sed 's/^.* //')" ProxyJump dualstack.example.org </syntaxhighlight> The scripts are invoked using the shell named in the '''$SHELL''' environment variable. Remember that configuration directives are applied according to the first one to match. So specific rules go near the top and more general ones go at the end. Another way is to use the [http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 nc(1)] utility to check for connectivity to the target host directly at the port in question. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Match !host jumphost.example.org !exec "nc -z -w 1 %h %p" ProxyJump jumphost.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Since the above assumes that only one jump host is ever used, it might be combined with other '''Match''' criteria for more precision. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Match host 192.168.1.* !host jumphostone.example.org !exec "nc -z -w 1 %h %p" ProxyJump jumphostone.example.org Match host 192.168.2.* !host jumphosttwo.example.org !exec "nc -z -w 1 %h %p" ProxyJump jumphosttwo.example.org </syntaxhighlight> That would catch all connections going to the network 192.168.1.*, if there is no direct connection, and send them through the first jump host. Likewise it would also send all connections to the network 192.168.2.* through the second jump host if there is no direct connection. But if there is a direct connection the client will proceed without the jump host. Of course the tests will have to be more complicated if the client machine moves between several different networks with the same numbering. ===Using Canonical Host Names Which Are Behind Jump Hosts=== Some local area networks (LANs) have their own internal domain name service to assign its own host names. These names are not accessible to systems outside the LAN. So therefore it is not possible to use the '''-J''' or '''ProxyJump''' option from the outside because the client would not be able to look up the names on the LAN on the other side of the jump host. However, the jump host itself can look these names up, so the '''ProxyCommand''' option can be used instead to call an SSH client on the jump host and use its capabilities to look up a name on the LAN. In the following sequence, the absence of outside DNS records for the inner host is shown. Then a connection is made to the inner host via the jump host using the jump host's SSH client and the '''-W''' option. Keys or certificates are the recommended way of connecting, but passwords are used in this example so that the stages are more visible: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ host fuloong04.localnet.lan Host fuloong04.localnet.lan not found: 3(NXDOMAIN) $ host fuloong04 Host fuloong04 not found: 2(SERVFAIL) $ ssh -o ProxyCommand="ssh -W fuloong04.localnet.lan:22 jumphost.example.org" fred@fuloong04 fred@jumphost.example.org's password: fred@fuloong04's password: Last login: Sun May 24 04:06:21 2020 from 203.0.113.131 OpenBSD 6.7-current (GENERIC) #44: Sun May 24 04:06:31 MDT 2020 $ host fuloong04.localnet.lan fuloong04.localnet.lan has address 10.10.10.193 </syntaxhighlight> The '''-W''' option ensures that the connection is forwarded over the secure channel and just passes through the jump host without being decrypted. The jump host must both be able to do the DNS look up for LAN names as well as have an SSH client available. Here is what the initial connection looks like as the client collects the host key and asks about it: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -o ProxyCommand="ssh -W fuloong04.localnet.lan:22 jumphost.example.org" fred@fuloong04 fred@jumphost.example.org's password: The authenticity of host 'fuloong04 (<no hostip for proxy command>)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:TGH6fbXRswaP7iR1OBrJuhJ+c1JiEvvc2GJ2krqaJy4. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes Warning: Permanently added 'fuloong04' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. fred@fuloong04's password: Last login: Thu May 7 21:06:18 2020 from 203.0.113.131 OpenBSD 6.7-current (GENERIC) #44: Sun May 24 04:06:21 MDT 2020 </syntaxhighlight> Notice that while a name must be given in the usual position it will only serve to identify which host keys are to be associated with the connection. After that initial connection, a host key is saved in '''known_hosts''' for the name given as destination ''fuloong04'' not the name given in the '''ProxyCommand''' option: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh-keygen -F fuloong04 # Host fuloong04 found: line 55 fuloong04 ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBKwZOXY7wP1lCvlv5YC64QvWPxSrhCa0Dn+pK4b97jjeUqGy/wII5zCnuv6WZKCEjSQnKFP+8K9cmSGnIvUisPg= $ ssh-keygen -F fuloong04.localnet.lan </syntaxhighlight> The target host name just serves to identify which host keys to expect. It has no association with the actual host name or address passed in the '''ProxyCommand''' option and could even be a random string. Above ''fuloong04'' was used by itself but, again, it could be any random string or even overridden by using the '''HostKeyAlias''' option. As usual, these SSH options can be recorded in a permanent shortcut within [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config.5 ssh_config(5)] to reduce effort in typing and to avoid errors. ===Old Methods of Passing Through Jump Hosts=== {{RightHalf|'''A note on old methods''': These old methods are deprecated because newer versions of OpenSSH provide easier ways to pass through a jump host. See instead the section [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Proxies_and_Jump_Hosts#Passing_Through_One_or_More_Gateways_Using_ProxyJump |Passing Through One or More Gateways Using ProxyJump]] above. However, some long term support versions of various GNU/Linux distributions may keep very old versions of OpenSSH around on purpose. So while these are unlikely to be encountered, there is still a possibility to need these methods for some years to come.}} In old versions of OpenSSH, specifically version 7.2 and earlier, passing through one or more gateways is more complex and requires use of stdio forwarding or, prior to 5.4, use of the [http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 netcat(1)] utility. ====Old: Passing Through a Gateway Using stdio Forwarding (Netcat Mode)==== Between OpenSSH 5.4<ref name="Netcat_mode">{{cite web |url=http://www.openssh.com/txt/release-5.4 |title=OpenSSH 5.4 Release Notes|publisher=OpenSSH|accessdate=2013-04-19|date=2010-04-07}}</ref> and 7.2 inclusive, a 'netcat mode' can connect stdio on the client to a single port forwarded on the server. This can also be used to connect using [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)], but it needs the '''ProxyCommand''' option either as a run time parameter or as part of '''~/.ssh/config'''. However, it no longer needs [http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 netcat(1)] to be installed on the intermediary machine(s). Here is an example of using it in a run time parameter. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -o ProxyCommand="ssh -W %h:%p jumphost.example.org" server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> In that example, authentication will happen twice, first on the jump host and then on the final host where it will bring up a shell. The syntax is the same if the gateway is identified in the configuration file. [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] expands the full name of the gateway and the destination from the configuration file. The following allows the destination host to be reached by entering <code>ssh ''server''</code> in the terminal. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server Hostname server.example.org ProxyCommand ssh -W %h:%p jumphost.example.org </syntaxhighlight> The same can be done for SFTP. Here the destination SFTP server can be reached by entering <code>sftp ''sftpserver''</code> and the configuration file takes care of the rest. If there is a mix up with the final host key, then it is necessary to add in '''HostKeyAlias''' to explicitly name which key will be used to identify the destination system. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host sftpserver HostName sftpserver.example.org HostKeyAlias sftpserver.example.org ProxyCommand ssh -W %h:%p jumphost.example.org </syntaxhighlight> It is possible to add the key for the gateway to the ssh-agent which you have running or else specify it in the configuration file. The option '''User''' refers to the user name on the destination. If the user is the same on both the destination and the originating machine, then it does not need to be used. If the user name is different on the gateway, then the '''-l''' option can be used in the '''ProxyCommand''' option. Here, the user 'fred' on the local machine, logs into the gateway as 'fred2' and into the destination server as 'fred3'. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server HostName server.example.org User fred3 ProxyCommand ssh -l fred2 -i /home/fred/.ssh/rsa_key -W %h:%p jumphost.example.org </syntaxhighlight> If both the gateway and destination are using keys, then the option '''IdentityFile''' in the config is used to point to the gateway's private key and the option '''IdentityFile''' specified on the commandline points at the destination's private key. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host jump HostName server.example.org IdentityFile /home/fred/.ssh/rsa_key_2 ProxyCommand ssh -i /home/fred/.ssh/rsa_key -W %h:%p jumphost.example.org </syntaxhighlight> The old way prior to OpenSSH 5.4 used netcat, '''nc(1)'''. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server Hostname server.example.org ProxyCommand ssh jumphost.example.org nc %h %p </syntaxhighlight> But that should not be used anymore and the netcat mode, provided by '''-W''', should be used instead. The new way does not require [http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 netcat] at all on any of the machines. =====Old: Recursively Chaining Gateways Using stdio Forwarding===== The easy way to do this is with '''ProxyJump''' which is available starting with OpenSSH 7.3 mentioned above. For older versions, if the route always has the same hosts in the same order, then a straightforward chain can be put in the configuration file. Here three hosts are chained with the destination being given the shortcut ''machine3''. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host machine1 Hostname server.example.org User fred IdentityFile /home/fred/.ssh/machine1_e25519 Port 2222 Host machine2 Hostname 192.168.15.21 User fred IdentityFile /home/fred/.ssh/machine2_e25519 Port 2222 ProxyCommand ssh -W %h:%p machine1 Host machine3 Hostname 10.42.0.144 User fred IdentityFile /home/fred/.ssh/machine3_e25519 Port 2222 ProxyCommand ssh -W %h:%p machine2 </syntaxhighlight> Thus any machine in the chain can be reached with a single line. For example, the final machine can be reached with <code>ssh ''machine3''</code> and worked with as normal. This includes port forwarding and any other capabilities. Only '''hostname''' and, for second and subsequent hosts, '''ProxyCommand''' are needed for each '''Host''' directive. If keys are not used, then '''IdentityFile''' is not needed. If the user is the same for all hosts, the that can be skipped. And if the port is the default, then '''Port''' can be skipped. If using many keys in the agent at the same time and the error "too many authentication" pops up on the client end, it might be necessary to add '''IdentitiesOnly yes''' to each host's configuration. =====Old: Recursively Chaining an Arbitrary Number of Hosts===== Again, the easy way to do this is with '''ProxyJump''' should be used when available, which is starting with OpenSSH 7.3. For older versions, it is possible to make the configuration more abstract and allow passing through an arbitrary number of gateways. You can set the user name with '''-l''' thanks to the token, but that user name will be used for all host that you connect to or through. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host */* ProxyCommand ssh %r@$(dirname %h) -W $(basename %h):%p </syntaxhighlight> In this way hosts are separated with a slash (/) and can be arbitrary in number<ref name="proxycommand-chaining">{{cite web |url=https://joshua.hoblitt.com/rtfm/2011/09/recursively_chaining_ssh_proxycommand/ |title=Recursively chaining SSH ProxyCommand |author=Josh Hoblitt | publisher=[Read This Fine Material] from Joshua Hoblitt|date=2011-09-03 |accessdate=2014-02-14}}</ref>. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh host1/host2/host3/host4 </syntaxhighlight> There are limitations resulting from using the slash as a separator, as there would be with other symbols. However, it allows use of [http://man.openbsd.org/dirname.1 dirname(1)] and [http://man.openbsd.org/basename.1 basename(1)] to process the host names. The following configuration uses [http://man.openbsd.org/sed.1 sed(1)] to allow different port numbers and user names using the plus sign (+) as the delimiter for hosts, a colon (:) for ports, and an percentage sign (%) for user names. The basic structure is ''<code>ssh -W $() $()</code>'' and where '''%h''' is substituted for the target host name. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host *+* ProxyCommand ssh -W $(echo %h | sed 's/^.*+//;s/^\([^:]*$\)/\1:22/') $(echo %h | sed 's/+[^+]*$//;s/\([^+%%]*\)%%\([^+]*\)$/\2 -l \1/;s/:\([^:+]*\)$/ -p \1/') </syntaxhighlight> The port can be left off for the default of 22 or delimited with a colon (:) for non-standard values<ref name="jumphost-chaining">{{cite web |url=https://glandium.org/blog/?p=3631 |title=SSH through jump hosts, revisited |author=Mike Hommey | publisher=glandium |date=2016-02-08 |accessdate=2016-02-09}}</ref>. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh host1+host2:2022+host3:2224 </syntaxhighlight> As-is, the colons confound [http://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1 sftp(1)], so the above configuration will only work with it using standard ports. If [http://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1 sftp(1)] is needed on non-standard ports then another delimiter, such as an underscore (_), can be configured. Any user name except the final one can be specified for a given host using the designated delimiter, in the above it is a percentage sign (%). The destination host's user name is specified with '''-l''' and all others can be joined to their corresponding host name with the delimiter. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -l user3 user1%host1+user2%host2+host3 </syntaxhighlight> If user names are specified, depending on the delimiter, [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] can be unable to match the final host to an IP number and the key fingerprint in ''known_hosts''. In such cases, it will ask for verification each time the connection is established, but this should not be a problem if either the equal sign (=) or percentage sign (%) is used. If keys are to be used then load them into an agent, then the client figures them out automatically if agent forwarding with the '''-A''' option is used. However, agent forwarding is not needed if the '''ProxyJump''' option ('''-J''') is available. It is considered by many to actually be a security flaw and a general misfeature. So use the '''ProxyJump''' option instead if it is available. Also, because the default for '''MaxAuthTries''' on the server is 6, using keys normally in an agent will limit the number of keys or hops to 6, with server-side logging getting triggered after half that. ====Old: ProxyCommand with Netcat==== Another way, which was needed for OpenSSH 5.3 and older, is to use the '''ProxyCommand''' configuration directive and [http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 netcat]. The utility [http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 nc(1)] is for reading and writing network connections directly. It can be used to pass connections onward to a second machine. In this case, ''destination'' is the other server reached via the intermediary ''jumphost''. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -o 'HostKeyAlias=destination.example.edu' \ -o 'ProxyCommand ssh %h nc destination.example.edu 22' \ jumphost.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Keys and different login names can also be used. Using '''ProxyCommand''', [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] will first connect to ''jumphost'' and then from there to ''destination.example.edu''. The '''HostKeyAlias''' directive is needed to look up the right key for ''destination.example.edu'', because without it the key for ''jumphost'' will be tried and that will, of course, fail unless both systems have the same host keys. In this example, the account ''user2'' exists on ''jumphost''. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -o 'HostKeyAlias=destination.example.edu' \ -o 'ProxyCommand ssh -i jumphost_key-rsa -l user2 %h \ nc destination.example.edu 22' \ jumphost.example.org </syntaxhighlight> It's also possible to make this arrangement more permanent and reduce typing by editing '''ssh_config''' Here a connection is made to ''destination'' via ''jumphost'' whenever the target host name is used in full: <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host destination.example.org ProxyCommand ssh %r@jumphost.example.org nc %h %p </syntaxhighlight> Here a connection is made to ''destination'' via ''jumphost'' using the shortcut name 'jump'. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host jump HostKeyAlias destination.example.org Hostname jumphost.example.org User fred ProxyCommand ssh %h nc destination.example.org 22 </syntaxhighlight> It can be made more general. The first stanza is to ensure that the bastion or jump host is not looping back on itself. The second stanza applies general rules to pass through the bastion or jumphost for all domains ending in ''.example.edu'' or for the shortcut ''my-private-host'': <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host jumphost.example.org ProxyCommand none Host *.example.org my-private-host ProxyCommand ssh -l %r jumphost.example.org nc %h %p </syntaxhighlight> The same can be done with [http://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1 sftp(1)] by passing parameters on to [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)]. Here is a simple example with [http://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1 sftp(1)] where ''jumphost'' is the intermediate host used to connect to ''machine2''. The user name is the same for both hosts. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ sftp -o 'HostKeyAlias=machine2.example.edu' \ -o 'ProxyCommand=ssh %h nc machine2.example.edu 22' \ fred@jumphost.example.edu </syntaxhighlight> Here is a more complex example using a key for ''jumphost'' but regular password-based login for the SFTP server. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ sftp -o 'HostKeyAlias=destination.example.edu' \ -o 'ProxyCommand ssh -i /home/fred/.ssh/jumphost_rsa \ -l user2 jumphost.example.edu nc destination.example.edu 22' \ jumphost.example.edu </syntaxhighlight> If the user accounts names are different on the two machines, that works, too. Here, 'fred' is the account on the second machine which is the final target. The user 'user2' is the account on the intermediary or jump host. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -i fred -i /home/fred/.ssh/destination_rsa \ -o 'HostKeyAlias destination.example.org' \ -o 'ProxyCommand ssh -i /home/fred/.ssh/jumphost_rsa \ -l user2 %h nc destination.example.org 22' jumphost.example.org </syntaxhighlight> If at all possible, upgrade or back port a newer version of OpenSSH so that the '''ProxyJump''' or '''-J''' option may be used instead. =====Old: ProxyCommand without Netcat, Using Bash's ''/dev/tcp/'' Pseudo-device===== On GNU/Linux jump hosts missing even [https://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 nc(1)], but which have the Bash shell interpreter, the pseudo device '''/dev/tcp'''<ref name="bashdevtcp">{{cite web | url=https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/19604/all-about-ssh-proxycommand | title=All about ssh ProxyCommand | publisher=Stack Exchange | year=2011 }}</ref> can be another option. This makes use of some built-in Bash functionality, along with the [https://man.openbsd.org/cat.1 cat(1)] utility: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -o HostKeyAlias=server.example.org \ -o ProxyCommand="ssh -l fred %h 'exec 3<>/dev/tcp/server.example.com/22; cat <&3 & cat >&3;kill $!'" fred@jumphost.example.com </syntaxhighlight> It is necessary to set the '''HostKeyAlias''' to the host name or IP address of the destination because the SSH connection is just passing through the jump host and needs to expect the right key. The main prerequisite for this method is having a login shell on a GNU/Linux jump host with Bash as the default shell. If another shell is used instead, such as the POSIX shell, then the pseudo device will not exist and an error will occur instead: <syntaxhighlight lang="text"> sh: 1: cannot create /dev/tcp/server.example.com/22: Directory nonexistent </syntaxhighlight> With [https://man.openbsd.org/ksh.1 ksh(1)], a similar error will occur. <syntaxhighlight lang="text"> ksh: cannot create /dev/tcp/server.example.com/22: No such file or directory </syntaxhighlight> The [https://linux.die.net/man/1/zsh zsh(1)] shell will also be missing the '''/dev/tcp''' pseudo device but produce a different error. <syntaxhighlight lang="text"> zsh:1: no such file or directory: /dev/tcp/server.example.com/22 zsh:1: 3: bad file descriptor zsh:1: 3: bad file descriptor zsh:kill:1: not enough arguments </syntaxhighlight> So, again, this is a process specific to the [https://linux.die.net/man/1/bash bash(1)] shell. Furthermore, this method is specific to Bash on GNU/Linux distros and will not be available with any of the BSDs or Mac OS as a jump host even if [https://linux.die.net/man/1/bash bash(1)] is present. The full details of the connection process from the client perspective can be captured to a log file using the '''-E'' option while increasing the verbosity of the debugging information. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -vvv -E /tmp/ssh.dev.tcp.log \ -o HostKeyAlias=server.example.org \ -o ProxyCommand="ssh -l fred %h 'exec 3<>/dev/tcp/server.example.com/22; cat <&3 & cat >&3;kill $!'" fred@jumphost.example.com </syntaxhighlight> This pseudo device method is included here mostly as a curiosity but can serve as a last resort in some edge cases. As mentioned before, all recent deployments of OpenSSH will have the '''-J''' option for '''ProxyJump''' instead. ==Port Forwarding Through One or More Intermediate Hosts== Tunneling, also called port forwarding, is when a port on one machine mapped to a connection to a port on another machine. In that way remote services can be accessed as if they were local. Or in the case of reverse port forwarding, vice versa. Forwarding can be done directly from one machine to another or via a machine in the middle. When available, the '''ProxyJump''' option is preferable. It works just as easily with port forwarding. Below a tunnel is set up from the ''localhost'' to ''machine2'' which is behind a jump host. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -L 8900:localhost:80 -J jumphost.example.org machine2 </syntaxhighlight> Thus port 8900 on the ''localhost'' will actually be a tunnel to port 80 on ''machine2''. It can be as simple as that. As with the usual '''ProxyJump''' option, jump hosts can be chained by joining them with commas. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -L 8900:localhost:80 -J jumphost1.example.org,jumphost2.localnet.lan machine2 </syntaxhighlight> Alternative accounts and ports can be specified that way, too, if needed. This method works best with key- or certificate-based authentication. It is possible to use all the options in this way, such as '''-X''' for X11 forwarding. The same with '''-D''' for making a SOCKS proxy. ===Old: Port Forwarding Via a Single Intermediate Host Without ProxyJump=== Below we are setting up a tunnel from the ''localhost'' to ''machine2'', which is behind a firewall, ''machine1''. The tunnel will be via ''machine1'' which is publicly accessible and also has access to ''machine2''. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -L 2222:machine2.example.org:22 machine1.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Next connecting to the tunnel will actually connect to the second host, ''machine2''. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -p 2222 remoteuser@localhost </syntaxhighlight> Here is an example of running [http://linux.die.net/man/1/rsync rsync(1)] between the two hosts using ''machine1'' as an intermediary with the above setup. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ rsync -av -e "ssh -p 2222" /path/to/some/dir/ localhost:/path/to/some/dir/ </syntaxhighlight> ==SOCKS Proxy== It is possible to connect via an intermediate machine using a SOCKS proxy. SOCKS4 and SOCKS5 proxies are currently supported by OpenSSH. SOCKS5<ref name="socksrfc">{{cite web |url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1928 |title= SOCKS Protocol version 5|publisher=IETF|accessdate=2011-02-17}}</ref> allows transparent traversal of a firewall or other barrier by an application and can use strong authentication with help of GSS-API. Dynamic application-level port forwarding allows the outgoing port to be allocated on the fly thus creating a proxy at the TCP session level. [[File:Wikibook-diagram-SSH-forwarding-dynamic-basic.png|thumb|Basic SSH Dynamic Forwarding]] Here the web browser can connect to the SOCKS proxy on port 3555 on the local host: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -D 3555 server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Using [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] as a SOCKS5 proxy, or in any other capacity where forwarding is used, you can specify multiple ports in one action: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -D 80 -D 8080 -f -C -q -N fred@server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> You'll also want the DNS requests to go via your proxy. So, for example, in recent versions of Firefox, there may be an option "Proxy DNS when using SOCKS v5" to check. Or in older versions, ''' about:config''' needs '''network.proxy.socks_remote_dns''' set to '''true''' instead. However, in Chromium<ref name="sockschromium">{{cite web|url=https://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/network-stack/socks-proxy|title=Configuring a SOCKS proxy server in Chrome |publisher=The Chromium Projects|accessdate=2016-12-10}}</ref>, you'll need to launch the browser while adding two run-time options '''--proxy-server''' and '''--host-resolver-rules''' to point to the proxy and tell the browser not to send any DNS requests over the open network. It will be similar for other programs that support SOCKS proxies. So, you can tunnel Samba over [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)], too. Going via a jump host is just a matter of using the '''ProxyJump''' option: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -D 8899 -J jumphost.example.org machine2 </syntaxhighlight> Chaining multiple jump hosts can be done this way too. See the earlier section on that for discussion and examples. ===Old: SOCKS Proxy Via a Single Intermediate Host=== If you want to open a SOCKS proxy via an intermediate host, it is possible: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -D 3555 -J user1@middle.example.org user2@server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> On older clients, an extra step is needed. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -L 8001:localhost:8002 user1@middle.example.org -t ssh -D 8002 user2@server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> In the second example, the client will see a SOCKS proxy on port 8001 on the local host, which is actually a connection to ''machine1'' and the traffic will ultimately enter and leave the net through ''machine2''. Port 8001 on the local host connects to port 8002 on ''machine1'' which is a SOCKS proxy to ''machine2''. The port numbers can be chosen to be whatever is needed, but forwarding privileged ports still requires root privileges. ==SSH Over Tor== There are two ways to use SSH over Tor. One is using the client over Tor, the other is to host the server as an Onion service. Running the client over Tor allows its origin to be hidden. Hosting the server behind Tor allows its location to be hidden. The two methods can be combined. ===Tunneling the SSH Client Over Tor with Netcat=== {{Info|These instructions use the port number 9050 which corresponds to the Tor system daemon. For the Tor Browser, substitute with port 9150 and leave the Tor Browser open.}} Besides using [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] as a SOCKS proxy, it is possible to tunnel the SSH protocol itself over another SOCKS proxy such as [https://www.torproject.org/ Tor]. It is anonymity software and a corresponding network that uses relay hosts to conceal a user's location and network activity. Its architecture is intended to prevent surveillance and traffic analysis. Tor can be used in cases where it is important to conceal the point of origin of the SSH client. It can also be used to connect to onion services. Unfortunately, connecting through Tor often comes at the expense of noticeable latency. On the end point which the client sees, Tor is a regular SOCKS5 proxy and can be used like any other SOCKS5 proxy. So this is tunneling SSH over a SOCKS proxy. The easiest way to do this is with the <code>torsocks</code> utility if available, simply by preceding a SSH command with it:<ref name="sshtor">{{cite web |url=https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/TorifyHOWTO/ssh |title= SSH Over Tor |publisher=The Tor Project | date=2012-08-28 | accessdate=2013-05-04 }}</ref> <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ torsocks ssh fred@server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> However, this can also be accomplished by using [http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 netcat]: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -o ProxyCommand="nc -X 5 -x localhost:9050 %h %p" fred@server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> When attempting a connection like this, it is very important that it does not leak information. In particular, the DNS lookup should occur over Tor and not be done by the client itself. Make sure that if '''VerifyHostKeyDNS''' is used that it be set to 'no'. The default is 'no' but check to be sure. It can be passed as a run-time argument to remove any doubt or uncertainty. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -o VerifyHostKeyDNS=no -o ProxyCommand="nc -X 5 -x localhost:9050 %h %p" server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Using the netcat-openbsd [http://man.openbsd.org/nc.1 nc(1)] package, this seems not to leak any DNS information. Other netcat packages might or might not be the same. It's also not clear if there are other ways in which this method might leak information. YMMV. Since these methods proxy through Tor, all of them will also enable connecting to onion services. You can configure SSH to automatically connect to these through Tor, without affecting other types of connections. An entry similar to the following can be added to '''ssh_config''' or '''~/.ssh/config''': <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host *.onion VerifyHostKeyDNS no ProxyCommand nc -x localhost:9050 -X 5 %h %p </syntaxhighlight> You can further add '''CanonicalizeHostname yes''' before any '''Host''' declarations so that if you give onion services a nickname, SSH will apply this configuration after determining the hostname is a .onion address. ===Providing SSH as an Onion Service=== SSH can be served from an .onion address to provide anonymity and privacy for the client and, to a certain extent, the server. Neither will know where the other is located, though a lot of additional precautions must be taken to come close to anonymizing the server itself and at least some level of trusting the users will still be necessary. The first step in making SSH available over Tor is to set up [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] so that the SSH service listens on the ''localhost'' address and only on the ''localhost'' address. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> ListenAddress 127.0.0.1:22 </syntaxhighlight> Multiple '''ListenAddress''' directives can be used if multiple ports are to be made available. However, any '''ListenAddress''' directives provided should bind only to addresses in the 127.0.0.0/8 network or the IPv6 equivalent. Listening to any WAN or LAN address would defeat Tor's anonymity by allowing the SSH server to be identified from its public keys. The next step in serving SSH over Tor is to set up a Tor client with a hidden service forwarded to the local SSH server. Follow the instructions for installing a Tor client given at the Tor Project web site<ref name="onion">{{cite web |url=https://www.torproject.org/docs/tor-hidden-service#two|title=Configuring Hidden Services for Tor|publisher=The Tor Project, Inc |accessdate=2016-12-09}}</ref>, but skip the part about the web server if it is not needed. Add the appropriate '''HiddenServicePort''' directive to match the address and that [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)] is using. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> HiddenServicePort 22 127.0.0.1:22 </syntaxhighlight> If necessary, add additional directives for additional ports. In newer versions of Tor, a 56-character version 3 onion address<ref name="version3">{{cite web |url=https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/tree/rend-spec-v3.txt | title=Tor Rendezvous Specification - Version 3 |accessdate=2018-12-14 |date=2015-05-26 |publisher=The Tor Project, Inc.}}</ref> can be made by adding <code>HiddenServiceVersion 3</code> to the Tor configuration in versions that support it. Be sure that '''HiddenServiceDir''' points to a location appropriate for your system. The onion address of the new SSH service will then be in the file ''hostname'' inside the directory indicated by the '''HiddenServiceDir''' directive and will be accessible regardless of where it is on the net or how many layers of NAT have it buried. To use the SSH service and verify that it is actually available over Tor, see the preceding section on using the SSH client over Tor with [http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/nc.1 Netcat]. Just making it available over Tor is not enough alone to anonymize the server. However, one of the other advantages of this method is NAT punching. If the SSH service is behind several layers of NAT, then providing it as an Onion service allows passing through those layers seamlessly without configuring each router at each layer. This eliminates the need for a reverse tunnel to an external server and works through an arbitrary number of layers of NAT such as are now found with mobile phone modems. ==Passing Through a Gateway with an Ad Hoc VPN== Two subnets can be connected over SSH by configuring the network routing on the end points to use the tunnel. The result is a VPN. A drawback is that root access is needed on both hosts, or at least [http://linux.die.net/man/8/sudo sudo(8)] access to [http://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8 ifconfig(8)] and [http://man.openbsd.org/route.8 route(8)]. A related more limited and more archaic approach, not presented here but which does not require root at the remote end, would be to use <code>ssh</code> to establish connectivity and then establish a network using PPP and <code>slirp</code>.<ref name="pppsshslirp">{{ cite web | author=Jeremy Impson|url=http://jdimpson.livejournal.com/3330.html | title=pppsshslirp: create a PPP session through SSH to a remote machine to which you don't have root|date=2008-09-16|accessdate=2016-12-10}}</ref> Note that there are very few instances where use of a VPN is legitimately called for, not because VPNs are illegal (quite the opposite, indeed data protection laws in many countries make them absolutely compulsory to protect content in transit) but simply because OpenSSH is usually flexible enough to complete most routine sysadmin and operational tasks using normal SSH methods as and when required. This SSH ad-hoc VPN method is therefore needed only very rarely. Take this example with two networks. One network has the address range 10.0.50.1 through 10.0.50.254. The other has the address range 172.16.99.1 through 172.16.99.254. Each has a machine, 10.0.50.1 and 172.16.99.1 respectively, that will function as a gateway. Local machine numbering starts with 3 because 2 will be used for the tunnel interfaces on each LAN. <syntaxhighlight lang="text"> +----10.0.50.1 172.16.99.1----+ + 10.0.50.2 ===== 172.16.99.2 + | | 10.0.50.3-----+ +---172.16.99.3 | | 10.0.50.4-----+ +---172.16.99.4 | | 10.0.50.5-----+ +---172.16.99.5 | | 10.0.50.etc---+ +---172.16.99.etc | | 10.0.50.254---+ +---172.16.99.254 </syntaxhighlight> First a tun device is created on each machine, a virtual network device for point-to-point IP tunneling. Then the tun interfaces on these two gateways are then connected by an SSH tunnel. Each tun interface is assigned an IP address. The tunnel connects machines 10.0.50.1 and 172.16.99.1 to each other, and each are already connected to their own local area network (LAN). Here is a VPN with the client as 10.0.50.0/24, remote as 172.16.99.0/24. First, set on the client: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -f -w 0:1 192.0.2.15 true $ ifconfig tun0 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.252 $ route add 172.16.99.0/24 10.1.1.2 </syntaxhighlight> On the server: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ifconfig tun1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.252 $ route add 10.0.50.0/24 10.1.1.1 </syntaxhighlight> ===Troubleshooting an Ad Hoc VPN=== There are several possible causes to the following kind of error message: <pre> channel 0: open failed: connect failed: open failed Tunnel forwarding failed </pre> One possibility is that tunneling has not yet been enabled on the server. The SSH server's default configuration has tunneling turned off, so it must be enabled explicitly using the '''PermitTunnel''' configuration directive prior to attempting an ad hoc VPN. Failure to enable tunneling will result in an error like the above when connecting using the '''-w''' option in the client. The solution in that case for that is to set '''PermitTunnel''' to 'yes' on the server. Another possibility is that either the remote system or the local system or both lack the necessary network interface pseudo-device. That can happen because either or both accounts lack the privileges necessary to create the [https://man.openbsd.org/tun tun(4)] devices on the fly. Several work-arounds exist, including using a privileged account to make the [https://man.openbsd.org/tun tun(4)] devices on each system in advance. In other words, the solution is to manually create the necessary network interface pseudo-devices for the tunneling. A third possibility is that the one or both of the accounts do not have proper permissions to access the network interface pseudo-devices. Check and, if necessary, correct group memberships. &nbsp; '''References''' {{reflist}} <noinclude>{{OpenSSH/TOC|mini}}</noinclude> {{BookCat}} {{Subjects|Proxies|Bastion Hosts|Jump Hosts}} {{status|100%}} eaf0khqn649fdm97x0rycgeh1jfzfmv OpenSSH/Cookbook/Tunnels 0 281762 4442440 4441228 2024-10-25T07:47:50Z Larsnooden 430753 Diagram for basic SSH forwarding 4442440 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{simple chapter navigation|previous=The Client Configuration File|next=Automated Backup}}</noinclude> &nbsp; In tunneling, or port forwarding, a local port is connected to a port on a remote host or vice versa. So connections to the port on one machine are in effect connections to a port on the other machine. The [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] options '''-f''' (go to background), '''-N''' (do not execute a remote program) and '''-T''' (disable pseudo-tty allocation) can be useful for connections that are used only for creation of tunnels. <noinclude>__TOC__</noinclude> ==Tunneling== In regular port forwarding, connections to a local port are forwarded to a port on a remote machine. This is a way of securing an insecure protocol or of making a remote service appear as local. Here we forwarded VNC in two steps. First make the tunnel: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 -l fred desktop.example.org </syntaxhighlight> In that way connections on the local machine made to the forwarded port will in effect be connecting to the remote machine. Multiple tunnels can be specified at the same time. The tunnels can be of any kind, not just regular forwarding. See the next section below for reverse tunnels. For dynamic forwarding see the section [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Proxies_and_Jump_Hosts|Proxies and Jump Hosts]]. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 \ -L 5432:localhost:5432 \ -l fred desktop.example.org </syntaxhighlight> If a connection is only used to create a tunnel, then it can be told not to execute any remote programs ('''-N'''), making it a non-interactive session, and also to drop to the background ('''-f'''). <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -fN -L 3128:localhost:3128 -l fred server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Note that '''-N''' will work even if the '''authorized_keys''' forces a program using the '''command="..."''' option. So a connection using '''-N''' will stay open instead of running a program and then exiting. The three connections above could be saved in the SSH client's configuration file, '''~/.ssh/config''' and even given shortcuts. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host desktop desktop.example.org HostName desktop.example.org User fred LocalForward 5901 localhost:5901 Host postgres HostName desktop.example.org User fred LocalForward 5901 localhost:5901 LocalForward 5432 localhost:5432 Host server server.example.org HostName server.example.org User fred ExitOnForwardFailure no LocalForward 3128 localhost:3128 Host * ExitOnForwardFailure yes </syntaxhighlight> With those settings, the tunnels listed are added automatically when connecting to ''desktop'', ''desktop.example.org'', ''postgres'', ''server'', or ''server.example.org''. The catchall configuration at the end applies to any of the above hosts which have not already set '''ExitOnForwardFailure''' to 'no' and the client will refuse to connect if a tunnel cannot be made. The first obtained value for any given configuration directive will be used, but the file's contents can be overidden with run-time options passed on the command line. [[File:Wikibook-diagram-SSH-forwarding-basic.png|thumb|Basic SSH Forwarding]] ===Tunneling Via A Single Intermediate Host=== Tunneling can go via one intermediate host to reach a second host, and the latter does not need to be on a publicly accessible network. However, the target port on the second remote machine does have to be accessible on the same network as the first. Here, ''192.168.0.101'' and ''bastion.example.org'' must be on the same network and, in addition, ''bastion.example.org'' has to be directly accessible to the client machine running '''ssh(1)'''. So, port 80 on ''192.168.0.101'' has to be available to the machine ''bastion.example.org''. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -fN -L 1880:192.168.0.101:80 -l fred bastion.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Thus, once the tunnel is made, to connect to port 80 on ''192.168.2.101'' via the host ''bastion.example.org'', connect to port 1880 on ''localhost''. This way works for one or two hosts. It is also possible to chain multiple hosts, using different methods. ====Securing a Hop, Tunneling Via One Or More Intermediate Hosts==== Here, the idea is to limit the ability of a group of users to the bare minimum needed to pass through a jump host yet still be able to forward ports onward to other machines. If the account is sufficiently locked down then the bastion can only be used for forwarding and not shell access, scripts, or even SFTP. The following settings on the bastion host in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] prevent either shell access or SFTP but still allow port forwarding. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Match Group tunnelers ForceCommand /bin/false PasswordAuthentication no ChrootDirectory %h PermitTTY no X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding yes PermitTunnel no Banner none </syntaxhighlight> Note that their home directories, but not the files within them, must be owned by root and writable by only root because of the '''ChrootDirectory''' configuration directive there in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)]. Also, because of the '''PasswordAuthentication''' configuration directive keys will have to be set up in the home directory in '''~/.ssh/authorized_keys''', if an alternate location is not already configured. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -N -L 9980:localhost:80 -J fred@bastion.example.org fred@192.168.79.124 </syntaxhighlight> In that way port 9980 on the client is directed via ''bastion.example.org'' through to port 80 on ''192.168.79.124''. In cases where the bastion must have a reverse tunnel from the inner host in order to reach it, then the same method works but with the prerequisite of a reverse tunnel from the inner host to the bastion first. For more about passing through intermediate computers, see the Cookbook section on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Proxies_and_Jump_Hosts|Proxies and Jump Hosts]]. ===Finding The Process ID (PID) Of A Tunnel Which Is In The Background=== When a tunneled connection is sent to the background execution using the '''-f''' option for the client, there is not currently an automatic way to find the process ID (PID) of the task sent to the background. Background processes are often used for port forwarding or reverse port forwarding. Here is an example of port forwarding, also called tunneling. The connection is made and then the client goes away, leaving the tunnel available in the background, connecting port 2194 on the local host to port 194 of the remote system's local host. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -Nf -L 2194:localhost:194 fred@203.0.113.214 </syntaxhighlight> The special '''$!''' variable remains empty, even if '''$?''' reports success or failure of the action. The reason is that the shell's job control did not put the client into the background. Instead the client runs in the foreground for a moment and then exits normally, after leaving a different process to run in the background via a fork. The process ID of the original client vanishes since that client is gone. Finding the process ID usually takes at least two steps. Some of the ways to retroactively identify the process involve trying [http://man.openbsd.org/ps.1 ps(1)] and rummaging through the output for all that account's processes, but that is unnecessary effort. If the background SSH client is the most recent one, then [http://man.openbsd.org/pgrep.1 pgrep(1)] can be used, or else the output needs to be comma delimited and fed into [http://man.openbsd.org/ps.1 ps(1)] via [http://man.openbsd.org/xargs.1 xargs(1)] or process substitution. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ps uw | less $ pgrep -n -x ssh $ pgrep -d, -x ssh | xargs ps -p $ ps -p $(pgrep -d, -x ssh) </syntaxhighlight> Some variations on the above might be needed depending on operating system if the '''-d''' option is not supported. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ pgrep -x ssh | xargs -n 1 ps -o user,pid,ppid,args -p | awk 'NR==1 || $3==1' USER PID PPID COMMAND fred 97778 1 ssh -fN -L 8008:localhost:80 fred@203.0.113.8 fred 14026 1 ssh -fN -L 8183:localhost:80 fred@203.0.113.183 fred 79522 1 ssh -fN -L 8228:localhost:80 fred@203.0.113.228 fred 49773 1 ssh -fN -L 8205:localhost:80 203.0.113.205 </syntaxhighlight> Either way, note that all the connections running in the background have a Parent Process ID (PPID) of 1, the process control initialization system for the operating system. Being aware of this shortcoming, a proactive approach can be used with the '''ControlMaster''' and '''ControlPath''' configuration directives in order to leave a socket to read to get the background task's process ID. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -M -S ~/.ssh/sockets/pid.%C -fN -L 5901:localhost:5901 fred@203.0.113.122 $ ssh -S ~/.ssh/sockets/pid.%C -O check 203.0.113.122 </syntaxhighlight> The '''-M''' option causes the client to go into Master mode for multiplexing using the socket designated by the '''-S''' option. Then, after '''-f''' forks the client into the background, The control command ''check'' will then use the socket to check that the master process is running and report the Process ID. It is a good idea for the socket to be in an isolated directory not readable or writable by other accounts. Aside from the complexity, a noticeable down side is that it can be possible for the socket to be reused for additional connections. See the Cookbook section on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Multiplexing|Multiplexing]] for more about the risks and additional uses. ==Reverse Tunneling== A reverse tunnel forwards connections in the opposite direction of a regular tunnel, that is to say the opposite direction from that which the SSH session is initiated. With remote forwarding as it is also called, an SSH session begins from the local host to a remote host while a port is forwarded from the remote host to one the local host. There are two stages in using reverse tunneling: first connect from endpoint A to endpoint B using SSH with remote forwarding enabled; second connect other systems to the designated port on endpoint B and that port is then forwarded to endpoint A. So while system A initiated the SSH connection to system B, the connections to the designated port on B are sent over to A over the reverse tunnel. Once the SSH connection is made, the reverse tunnel can be used on endpoint B the same as a regular tunnel, even though the endpoint A initiated the SSH connection. Remote forwarding is method which can be used to forward SSH over SSH in order to work on an otherwise inaccessible system, such as an always-on SBC behind a home router. First, open an SSH session from the inaccessible system to another which is accessible including a designated reverse tunnel. In this example, while the SSH connection is from a local system (endpoint A) to a remote system (endpoint B), that connection contains a reverse tunnel from port 2022 on that remote system (endpoint B) to port 22 over on the local system: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -fN -R 2022:localhost:22 -l fred server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Lastly, using the example above, a connection is made on the remote machine, ''server.example.org'', to the reverse tunnel connection on port 2022. Thus even though the connection is made to port 2022 on ''locahost'' on ''server.example.org'', the packets end up over on port 22 on the system which initiated the SSH initial connection carrying the reverse tunnel. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -p 2022 -l fred localhost </syntaxhighlight> Thus that example allows SSH access to an otherwise inaccessible system via SSH. SSH goes out, makes a reverse tunnel, then the second system can connect at will to the first via SSH as long as the tunnel persists. If keys and a loop are used to generate the SSH connection with the remote forwarding then the reverse tunnel can be maintained automatically. The next example makes VNC available over SSH from an otherwise inaccessible system via a second system, ''server.example.org''. Starting from the system with a running VNC server, reverse forward the port for the first VNC display locally to the third VNC display over on ''server.example.org'': <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -fNT -R 5903:localhost:5901 -l fred server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Then on the system ''server.example.org'', people can connect to that system's ''localhost'' address on its third VNC display and be patched through to the originating system: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ xvncviewer :3 </syntaxhighlight> That also is an example of how the forwarded ports don't have to be the same. Remote forwarding can be included in the SSH client's configuration file using the '''RemoteForward''' directive. See the next subsection for that. A common use-case for reverse tunneling is when you have to access a system or service which is behind either NAT or a firewall or both and thus incoming SSH connections are blocked, but you have direct access to a second system outside the firewall which can accept incoming connections. In such cases it is easy to make a reverse tunnel from the internal system behind the firewall to the second system on the outside. Once the SSH connection has made the reverse tunnel, to connect to the internal system from outside, other systems can connect to the forwarded port on the remote system. The remote system on the outside then acts as a relay server to forward connections to the initiating system on the inside. ===Configuring Remote Forwarding Using The Client Configuration File=== The '''RemoteForward''' client configuration directive can be used in [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config ssh_config(5)] to establish a reverse tunnel from another system. The '''ForkAfterAuthentication''' would be '''-f''' and '''SessionType''' would be '''-N''' as run time arguments and, of course, optional in this example which is the same as the first example in the subsection above: <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server server.example.org User fred HostName server.example.org ForkAfterAuthentication yes SessionType none RemoteForward 2022 localhost:22 </syntaxhighlight> With that in place over on the other system, one can establish a reverse tunnel from ''server'' by simply connecting to it by entering <code>ssh server</code>. Then over on ''server.example.org'', connecting to ''localhost'' on port 2022 will carry through back to the original system on port 22. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server server.example.org User fred HostName server.example.org ForkAfterAuthentication yes SessionType none RequestTTY no RemoteForward 5903 localhost:5901 </syntaxhighlight> Likewise that duplicates the second example from the subsection above but in the client configuration file instead of using run time arguments. More about that is covered in the chapter on using [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/The_Client_Configuration_File‎|The&nbsp;Client&nbsp;Configuration&nbsp;File]]. ==Adding or Removing Tunnels within an Established Connection== It is possible to add or remove tunnels, reverse tunnels, and SOCKS proxies to or from an existing connection using escape sequences. The default escape character is the tilde (~) and the full range of options is described in the manual page for [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)]. Escape sequences only work if they are the first characters entered on a line and followed by a return. When adding or removing a tunnel to or from an existing connection, '''~C''', the command line is used. To add a tunnel in an active SSH session, use the escape sequence to open a command line in SSH and then enter the parameters for the tunnel: <pre> ~C L 2022:localhost:22 </pre> To remove a tunnel from an active SSH session is almost the same. Instead of -L, -R, or -D we have -KL, -KR, and -KD plus the port number. Use the escape sequence to open a command line in SSH and then enter the parameters for removing the tunnel. <pre> ~C KL2022 </pre> ===Adding or Removing Tunnels within a Multiplexed Connection=== There is an additional option for forwarding when multiplexing. More than one SSH connection can be multiplexed over a single TCP connection. Control commands can be passed to the master process to add or drop port forwarding to the master process. First a master connection is made and a socket path assigned. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -S '/home/fred/.ssh/%h:%p' -M server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Then using the socket path, it is possible to add port forwarding. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -O forward -L 2022:localhost:22 -S '/home/fred/.ssh/%h:%p' fred@server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Since OpenSSH 6.0 it is possible to cancel specific port forwarding using a control command. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -S "/home/fred/.ssh/%h:%p" -O cancel -L 2022:localhost:22 fred@server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> For more about multiplexing, see the Cookbook section on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Multiplexing|Multiplexing]]. ==Restricting Tunnels to Specific Ports== By default, port forwarding will allow forwarding to any port if it is allowed at all. The way to restrict which ports a user can use in forwarding is to apply the '''PermitOpen''' option on the server side either in the server's configuration or inside the user's public key in '''authorized_keys'''. For example, with this setting in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] all users can forward only to port 7654 on the server, if they try forwarding: <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> PermitOpen localhost:7654 </syntaxhighlight> Multiple ports may be specified on the same line if separated by whitespace. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> PermitOpen localhost:7654 localhost:3306 </syntaxhighlight> If the client tries to forward to a disallowed port, there will be a warning message that includes the text "open failed: administratively prohibited: open failed" while the connection otherwise continues as normal. However, even if the client has '''ExitOnForwardFailure''' in its configuration a connection will still succeed, despite the warning message. However, if shell access is available, it is possible to run other port forwarders, so without further restrictions, '''PermitOpen''' is more of a reminder or recommendation than a restriction. But for many cases, such a reminder might be enough. For reverse tunnels, the '''PermitListen''' option is available instead. It determines which port on the remote system is available. So the following, for example, allows <code>ssh -R 2022:localhost:''xxxx''</code>, where ''xxxx'' can be any available port number at the origin of the reverse tunnel, but only 2022 on the far end of the tunnel. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> PermitListen localhost:2022 </syntaxhighlight> The '''PermitOpen''' or '''PermitListen''' options can be used as part of one or more '''Match''' blocks if forwarding options need to vary depending on various combinations of user, group, client address or network, server address or network, and/or the listening port used by [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)]. If using the '''Match''' criteria to selectively apply rules for port forwarding, it is also possible to prevent the account from getting an interactive shell by setting '''PermitTTY''' to '''no'''. That will prevent the allocation of a pseudo-terminal (PTY) on the server thus prevent shell access, but allow other programs to still be run unless an appropriate forced command is specified in addition. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Match Group mariadbusers PermitOpen localhost:3306 PermitTTY no ForceCommand /usr/bin/true </syntaxhighlight> With that stanza in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] it is only possible to connect by adding the '''-N''' option to avoid executing a remote command. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -N -L 3306:localhost:3306 server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> The '''-N''' option can be used alone or with the '''-f''' option which drops the client to the background once the connection is established. Without the '''ForceCommand''' option in a '''Match''' block in the server configuration, if an attempt is made to get a PTY by a client that is blocked from getting one, the warning "PTY allocation request failed on channel ''n''" will show up on the client, with ''n'' being the channel number, but otherwise the connection will succeed without a remote shell and the port(s) will still be forwarded. Various programs, including shells, can still be specified by the client, they just won't get a PTY. So to really prevent access to the system other than forwarding, a forced command is needed. The tool '''true(1)''' comes in handy for that. Note that '''true(1)''' might be in a different location on different systems. ===Limiting Port Forwarding Requests Using Keys Only=== The following '''authorized_keys''' line shows the '''PermitOpen''' option prepended to a key in order to limit a user connecting with that particular key to forwarding to just port 8765: <pre> permitopen="localhost:8765" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NT... </pre> Multiple '''PermitOpen''' options may be applied to the same public key if they are separated by commas and thus a key can allow multiple ports. By default, shell access is allowed. With shell access it is still possible to run other port forwarders. The '''no-pty''' option inside the key can facilitate making a key that only allows forwarding and not an interactive shell if combined with an appropriate forced command using the '''command''' option. Here is an example of such a key as it would be listed in '''authorized_keys''': <pre> no-pty,permitopen="localhost:9876",command="/usr/bin/true" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NT... </pre> The '''no-pty''' option blocks interactive shell. The client will still connect to the remote server and will allow forwarding but will respond with an error including the message "PTY allocation request failed on channel&nbsp;''n''". But as mentioned in the previous subsection, there are still a lot of ways around that and adding the '''command''' option hinders them. This method is awkward to lock down. If the account has write access in any way, directly or indirectly, to the '''authorized_keys''' file, then it is possible for the user to add a new key or overwrite the existing key(s) with more permissive options. In order to prevent that, the server has to be configured to look for the file in a location outside of the user's reach. See the section on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Public_Key_Authentication | Public Key Authentication]] for details on that. The methods described above in the previous subsection using [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] might be more practical in many cases. <noinclude>{{OpenSSH/TOC|mini}}</noinclude> {{BookCat}} {{status|100%}} oo4jzr1kih1fwkpfbzsis13qn97k323 4442442 4442440 2024-10-25T07:50:47Z Larsnooden 430753 Diagram for basic SSH reverse forwarding 4442442 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{simple chapter navigation|previous=The Client Configuration File|next=Automated Backup}}</noinclude> &nbsp; In tunneling, or port forwarding, a local port is connected to a port on a remote host or vice versa. So connections to the port on one machine are in effect connections to a port on the other machine. The [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)] options '''-f''' (go to background), '''-N''' (do not execute a remote program) and '''-T''' (disable pseudo-tty allocation) can be useful for connections that are used only for creation of tunnels. <noinclude>__TOC__</noinclude> ==Tunneling== In regular port forwarding, connections to a local port are forwarded to a port on a remote machine. This is a way of securing an insecure protocol or of making a remote service appear as local. Here we forwarded VNC in two steps. First make the tunnel: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 -l fred desktop.example.org </syntaxhighlight> In that way connections on the local machine made to the forwarded port will in effect be connecting to the remote machine. Multiple tunnels can be specified at the same time. The tunnels can be of any kind, not just regular forwarding. See the next section below for reverse tunnels. For dynamic forwarding see the section [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Proxies_and_Jump_Hosts|Proxies and Jump Hosts]]. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 \ -L 5432:localhost:5432 \ -l fred desktop.example.org </syntaxhighlight> If a connection is only used to create a tunnel, then it can be told not to execute any remote programs ('''-N'''), making it a non-interactive session, and also to drop to the background ('''-f'''). <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -fN -L 3128:localhost:3128 -l fred server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Note that '''-N''' will work even if the '''authorized_keys''' forces a program using the '''command="..."''' option. So a connection using '''-N''' will stay open instead of running a program and then exiting. The three connections above could be saved in the SSH client's configuration file, '''~/.ssh/config''' and even given shortcuts. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host desktop desktop.example.org HostName desktop.example.org User fred LocalForward 5901 localhost:5901 Host postgres HostName desktop.example.org User fred LocalForward 5901 localhost:5901 LocalForward 5432 localhost:5432 Host server server.example.org HostName server.example.org User fred ExitOnForwardFailure no LocalForward 3128 localhost:3128 Host * ExitOnForwardFailure yes </syntaxhighlight> With those settings, the tunnels listed are added automatically when connecting to ''desktop'', ''desktop.example.org'', ''postgres'', ''server'', or ''server.example.org''. The catchall configuration at the end applies to any of the above hosts which have not already set '''ExitOnForwardFailure''' to 'no' and the client will refuse to connect if a tunnel cannot be made. The first obtained value for any given configuration directive will be used, but the file's contents can be overidden with run-time options passed on the command line. [[File:Wikibook-diagram-SSH-forwarding-basic.png|thumb|Basic SSH Forwarding]] ===Tunneling Via A Single Intermediate Host=== Tunneling can go via one intermediate host to reach a second host, and the latter does not need to be on a publicly accessible network. However, the target port on the second remote machine does have to be accessible on the same network as the first. Here, ''192.168.0.101'' and ''bastion.example.org'' must be on the same network and, in addition, ''bastion.example.org'' has to be directly accessible to the client machine running '''ssh(1)'''. So, port 80 on ''192.168.0.101'' has to be available to the machine ''bastion.example.org''. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -fN -L 1880:192.168.0.101:80 -l fred bastion.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Thus, once the tunnel is made, to connect to port 80 on ''192.168.2.101'' via the host ''bastion.example.org'', connect to port 1880 on ''localhost''. This way works for one or two hosts. It is also possible to chain multiple hosts, using different methods. ====Securing a Hop, Tunneling Via One Or More Intermediate Hosts==== Here, the idea is to limit the ability of a group of users to the bare minimum needed to pass through a jump host yet still be able to forward ports onward to other machines. If the account is sufficiently locked down then the bastion can only be used for forwarding and not shell access, scripts, or even SFTP. The following settings on the bastion host in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] prevent either shell access or SFTP but still allow port forwarding. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Match Group tunnelers ForceCommand /bin/false PasswordAuthentication no ChrootDirectory %h PermitTTY no X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding yes PermitTunnel no Banner none </syntaxhighlight> Note that their home directories, but not the files within them, must be owned by root and writable by only root because of the '''ChrootDirectory''' configuration directive there in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)]. Also, because of the '''PasswordAuthentication''' configuration directive keys will have to be set up in the home directory in '''~/.ssh/authorized_keys''', if an alternate location is not already configured. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -N -L 9980:localhost:80 -J fred@bastion.example.org fred@192.168.79.124 </syntaxhighlight> In that way port 9980 on the client is directed via ''bastion.example.org'' through to port 80 on ''192.168.79.124''. In cases where the bastion must have a reverse tunnel from the inner host in order to reach it, then the same method works but with the prerequisite of a reverse tunnel from the inner host to the bastion first. For more about passing through intermediate computers, see the Cookbook section on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Proxies_and_Jump_Hosts|Proxies and Jump Hosts]]. ===Finding The Process ID (PID) Of A Tunnel Which Is In The Background=== When a tunneled connection is sent to the background execution using the '''-f''' option for the client, there is not currently an automatic way to find the process ID (PID) of the task sent to the background. Background processes are often used for port forwarding or reverse port forwarding. Here is an example of port forwarding, also called tunneling. The connection is made and then the client goes away, leaving the tunnel available in the background, connecting port 2194 on the local host to port 194 of the remote system's local host. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -Nf -L 2194:localhost:194 fred@203.0.113.214 </syntaxhighlight> The special '''$!''' variable remains empty, even if '''$?''' reports success or failure of the action. The reason is that the shell's job control did not put the client into the background. Instead the client runs in the foreground for a moment and then exits normally, after leaving a different process to run in the background via a fork. The process ID of the original client vanishes since that client is gone. Finding the process ID usually takes at least two steps. Some of the ways to retroactively identify the process involve trying [http://man.openbsd.org/ps.1 ps(1)] and rummaging through the output for all that account's processes, but that is unnecessary effort. If the background SSH client is the most recent one, then [http://man.openbsd.org/pgrep.1 pgrep(1)] can be used, or else the output needs to be comma delimited and fed into [http://man.openbsd.org/ps.1 ps(1)] via [http://man.openbsd.org/xargs.1 xargs(1)] or process substitution. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ps uw | less $ pgrep -n -x ssh $ pgrep -d, -x ssh | xargs ps -p $ ps -p $(pgrep -d, -x ssh) </syntaxhighlight> Some variations on the above might be needed depending on operating system if the '''-d''' option is not supported. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ pgrep -x ssh | xargs -n 1 ps -o user,pid,ppid,args -p | awk 'NR==1 || $3==1' USER PID PPID COMMAND fred 97778 1 ssh -fN -L 8008:localhost:80 fred@203.0.113.8 fred 14026 1 ssh -fN -L 8183:localhost:80 fred@203.0.113.183 fred 79522 1 ssh -fN -L 8228:localhost:80 fred@203.0.113.228 fred 49773 1 ssh -fN -L 8205:localhost:80 203.0.113.205 </syntaxhighlight> Either way, note that all the connections running in the background have a Parent Process ID (PPID) of 1, the process control initialization system for the operating system. Being aware of this shortcoming, a proactive approach can be used with the '''ControlMaster''' and '''ControlPath''' configuration directives in order to leave a socket to read to get the background task's process ID. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -M -S ~/.ssh/sockets/pid.%C -fN -L 5901:localhost:5901 fred@203.0.113.122 $ ssh -S ~/.ssh/sockets/pid.%C -O check 203.0.113.122 </syntaxhighlight> The '''-M''' option causes the client to go into Master mode for multiplexing using the socket designated by the '''-S''' option. Then, after '''-f''' forks the client into the background, The control command ''check'' will then use the socket to check that the master process is running and report the Process ID. It is a good idea for the socket to be in an isolated directory not readable or writable by other accounts. Aside from the complexity, a noticeable down side is that it can be possible for the socket to be reused for additional connections. See the Cookbook section on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Multiplexing|Multiplexing]] for more about the risks and additional uses. ==Reverse Tunneling== A reverse tunnel forwards connections in the opposite direction of a regular tunnel, that is to say the opposite direction from that which the SSH session is initiated. With remote forwarding as it is also called, an SSH session begins from the local host to a remote host while a port is forwarded from the remote host to one the local host. There are two stages in using reverse tunneling: first connect from endpoint A to endpoint B using SSH with remote forwarding enabled; second connect other systems to the designated port on endpoint B and that port is then forwarded to endpoint A. So while system A initiated the SSH connection to system B, the connections to the designated port on B are sent over to A over the reverse tunnel. Once the SSH connection is made, the reverse tunnel can be used on endpoint B the same as a regular tunnel, even though the endpoint A initiated the SSH connection. [[File:Wikibook-diagram-SSH-forwarding-reverse-basic.png|thumb|Basic SSH Reverse Forwarding]] Remote forwarding is method which can be used to forward SSH over SSH in order to work on an otherwise inaccessible system, such as an always-on SBC behind a home router. First, open an SSH session from the inaccessible system to another which is accessible including a designated reverse tunnel. In this example, while the SSH connection is from a local system (endpoint A) to a remote system (endpoint B), that connection contains a reverse tunnel from port 2022 on that remote system (endpoint B) to port 22 over on the local system: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -fN -R 2022:localhost:22 -l fred server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Lastly, using the example above, a connection is made on the remote machine, ''server.example.org'', to the reverse tunnel connection on port 2022. Thus even though the connection is made to port 2022 on ''locahost'' on ''server.example.org'', the packets end up over on port 22 on the system which initiated the SSH initial connection carrying the reverse tunnel. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -p 2022 -l fred localhost </syntaxhighlight> Thus that example allows SSH access to an otherwise inaccessible system via SSH. SSH goes out, makes a reverse tunnel, then the second system can connect at will to the first via SSH as long as the tunnel persists. If keys and a loop are used to generate the SSH connection with the remote forwarding then the reverse tunnel can be maintained automatically. The next example makes VNC available over SSH from an otherwise inaccessible system via a second system, ''server.example.org''. Starting from the system with a running VNC server, reverse forward the port for the first VNC display locally to the third VNC display over on ''server.example.org'': <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -fNT -R 5903:localhost:5901 -l fred server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Then on the system ''server.example.org'', people can connect to that system's ''localhost'' address on its third VNC display and be patched through to the originating system: <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ xvncviewer :3 </syntaxhighlight> That also is an example of how the forwarded ports don't have to be the same. Remote forwarding can be included in the SSH client's configuration file using the '''RemoteForward''' directive. See the next subsection for that. A common use-case for reverse tunneling is when you have to access a system or service which is behind either NAT or a firewall or both and thus incoming SSH connections are blocked, but you have direct access to a second system outside the firewall which can accept incoming connections. In such cases it is easy to make a reverse tunnel from the internal system behind the firewall to the second system on the outside. Once the SSH connection has made the reverse tunnel, to connect to the internal system from outside, other systems can connect to the forwarded port on the remote system. The remote system on the outside then acts as a relay server to forward connections to the initiating system on the inside. ===Configuring Remote Forwarding Using The Client Configuration File=== The '''RemoteForward''' client configuration directive can be used in [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh_config ssh_config(5)] to establish a reverse tunnel from another system. The '''ForkAfterAuthentication''' would be '''-f''' and '''SessionType''' would be '''-N''' as run time arguments and, of course, optional in this example which is the same as the first example in the subsection above: <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server server.example.org User fred HostName server.example.org ForkAfterAuthentication yes SessionType none RemoteForward 2022 localhost:22 </syntaxhighlight> With that in place over on the other system, one can establish a reverse tunnel from ''server'' by simply connecting to it by entering <code>ssh server</code>. Then over on ''server.example.org'', connecting to ''localhost'' on port 2022 will carry through back to the original system on port 22. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Host server server.example.org User fred HostName server.example.org ForkAfterAuthentication yes SessionType none RequestTTY no RemoteForward 5903 localhost:5901 </syntaxhighlight> Likewise that duplicates the second example from the subsection above but in the client configuration file instead of using run time arguments. More about that is covered in the chapter on using [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/The_Client_Configuration_File‎|The&nbsp;Client&nbsp;Configuration&nbsp;File]]. ==Adding or Removing Tunnels within an Established Connection== It is possible to add or remove tunnels, reverse tunnels, and SOCKS proxies to or from an existing connection using escape sequences. The default escape character is the tilde (~) and the full range of options is described in the manual page for [http://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1 ssh(1)]. Escape sequences only work if they are the first characters entered on a line and followed by a return. When adding or removing a tunnel to or from an existing connection, '''~C''', the command line is used. To add a tunnel in an active SSH session, use the escape sequence to open a command line in SSH and then enter the parameters for the tunnel: <pre> ~C L 2022:localhost:22 </pre> To remove a tunnel from an active SSH session is almost the same. Instead of -L, -R, or -D we have -KL, -KR, and -KD plus the port number. Use the escape sequence to open a command line in SSH and then enter the parameters for removing the tunnel. <pre> ~C KL2022 </pre> ===Adding or Removing Tunnels within a Multiplexed Connection=== There is an additional option for forwarding when multiplexing. More than one SSH connection can be multiplexed over a single TCP connection. Control commands can be passed to the master process to add or drop port forwarding to the master process. First a master connection is made and a socket path assigned. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -S '/home/fred/.ssh/%h:%p' -M server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Then using the socket path, it is possible to add port forwarding. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -O forward -L 2022:localhost:22 -S '/home/fred/.ssh/%h:%p' fred@server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> Since OpenSSH 6.0 it is possible to cancel specific port forwarding using a control command. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -S "/home/fred/.ssh/%h:%p" -O cancel -L 2022:localhost:22 fred@server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> For more about multiplexing, see the Cookbook section on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Multiplexing|Multiplexing]]. ==Restricting Tunnels to Specific Ports== By default, port forwarding will allow forwarding to any port if it is allowed at all. The way to restrict which ports a user can use in forwarding is to apply the '''PermitOpen''' option on the server side either in the server's configuration or inside the user's public key in '''authorized_keys'''. For example, with this setting in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] all users can forward only to port 7654 on the server, if they try forwarding: <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> PermitOpen localhost:7654 </syntaxhighlight> Multiple ports may be specified on the same line if separated by whitespace. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> PermitOpen localhost:7654 localhost:3306 </syntaxhighlight> If the client tries to forward to a disallowed port, there will be a warning message that includes the text "open failed: administratively prohibited: open failed" while the connection otherwise continues as normal. However, even if the client has '''ExitOnForwardFailure''' in its configuration a connection will still succeed, despite the warning message. However, if shell access is available, it is possible to run other port forwarders, so without further restrictions, '''PermitOpen''' is more of a reminder or recommendation than a restriction. But for many cases, such a reminder might be enough. For reverse tunnels, the '''PermitListen''' option is available instead. It determines which port on the remote system is available. So the following, for example, allows <code>ssh -R 2022:localhost:''xxxx''</code>, where ''xxxx'' can be any available port number at the origin of the reverse tunnel, but only 2022 on the far end of the tunnel. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> PermitListen localhost:2022 </syntaxhighlight> The '''PermitOpen''' or '''PermitListen''' options can be used as part of one or more '''Match''' blocks if forwarding options need to vary depending on various combinations of user, group, client address or network, server address or network, and/or the listening port used by [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8 sshd(8)]. If using the '''Match''' criteria to selectively apply rules for port forwarding, it is also possible to prevent the account from getting an interactive shell by setting '''PermitTTY''' to '''no'''. That will prevent the allocation of a pseudo-terminal (PTY) on the server thus prevent shell access, but allow other programs to still be run unless an appropriate forced command is specified in addition. <syntaxhighlight lang="apache" line="1"> Match Group mariadbusers PermitOpen localhost:3306 PermitTTY no ForceCommand /usr/bin/true </syntaxhighlight> With that stanza in [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] it is only possible to connect by adding the '''-N''' option to avoid executing a remote command. <syntaxhighlight lang="shell-session"> $ ssh -N -L 3306:localhost:3306 server.example.org </syntaxhighlight> The '''-N''' option can be used alone or with the '''-f''' option which drops the client to the background once the connection is established. Without the '''ForceCommand''' option in a '''Match''' block in the server configuration, if an attempt is made to get a PTY by a client that is blocked from getting one, the warning "PTY allocation request failed on channel ''n''" will show up on the client, with ''n'' being the channel number, but otherwise the connection will succeed without a remote shell and the port(s) will still be forwarded. Various programs, including shells, can still be specified by the client, they just won't get a PTY. So to really prevent access to the system other than forwarding, a forced command is needed. The tool '''true(1)''' comes in handy for that. Note that '''true(1)''' might be in a different location on different systems. ===Limiting Port Forwarding Requests Using Keys Only=== The following '''authorized_keys''' line shows the '''PermitOpen''' option prepended to a key in order to limit a user connecting with that particular key to forwarding to just port 8765: <pre> permitopen="localhost:8765" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NT... </pre> Multiple '''PermitOpen''' options may be applied to the same public key if they are separated by commas and thus a key can allow multiple ports. By default, shell access is allowed. With shell access it is still possible to run other port forwarders. The '''no-pty''' option inside the key can facilitate making a key that only allows forwarding and not an interactive shell if combined with an appropriate forced command using the '''command''' option. Here is an example of such a key as it would be listed in '''authorized_keys''': <pre> no-pty,permitopen="localhost:9876",command="/usr/bin/true" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NT... </pre> The '''no-pty''' option blocks interactive shell. The client will still connect to the remote server and will allow forwarding but will respond with an error including the message "PTY allocation request failed on channel&nbsp;''n''". But as mentioned in the previous subsection, there are still a lot of ways around that and adding the '''command''' option hinders them. This method is awkward to lock down. If the account has write access in any way, directly or indirectly, to the '''authorized_keys''' file, then it is possible for the user to add a new key or overwrite the existing key(s) with more permissive options. In order to prevent that, the server has to be configured to look for the file in a location outside of the user's reach. See the section on [[OpenSSH/Cookbook/Public_Key_Authentication | Public Key Authentication]] for details on that. The methods described above in the previous subsection using [http://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5 sshd_config(5)] might be more practical in many cases. <noinclude>{{OpenSSH/TOC|mini}}</noinclude> {{BookCat}} {{status|100%}} 27qmja53fw6b74sm7tlttveg28jmq72 Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry/Ionic and Covalent Solids - Energetics 0 294005 4442359 4440536 2024-10-24T13:55:32Z Tem5psu 1013978 /* &#160;&#160;9.13 Problems */ 4442359 wikitext text/x-wiki == Chapter 9: Ionic and Covalent Solids - Energetics== [[File:CsCl_crystal.png|right|170px|thumb|At ordinary pressures, the CsCl structure is adopted by only three of the alkali halides, CsCl, CsBr, and CsI. Under high pressure however, other alkali halides transform from the NaCl to the CsCl structure because of the higher Madelung constant of CsCl.]]In Chapter 8, we learned all about crystal structures of '''ionic compounds'''. A good question to ask is, ''what makes a compound choose a particular structure?'' In addressing this question, we will learn about the forces that hold crystals together and the relative energies of different structures. This will in turn help us understand in a more quantitative way some of the heuristic concepts we have learned about in earlier chapters, such as hard-soft acid-base theory. '''Learning goals for Chapter 9:''' *Understand the geometric basis of radius ratio rules. *Understand the chemical basis of structure maps and why they are better predictors of crystal structures than radius ratios. *Use the Born-Mayer and Kapustinskii equations to calculate lattice energies of known and hypothetical compounds. *Construct Born-Haber cycles using lattice energies and calculate unknown quantities in the cycles. *Predict the stabilities of low and high oxidation states using lattice energies. *Understand the quantum mechanical origin of the extra "resonance" stability of metals. *Predict trends in the solubility and thermal stability of inorganic compounds using lattice energies. == 9.1 Ionic radii and radius ratios== Atoms in crystals are held together by electrostatic forces, van der Waals interactions, and covalent bonding. It follows that arrangements of atoms that can maximize the strength of these attractive interactions should be most favorable and lead to the most commonly observed crystal structures. [[file:Atomic_vs_Ionic_Radius.png|600px|right|thumb|'''Atomic and Ionic Radii.''' Note that cations are always smaller than the neutral atom (pink) of the same element, whereas anions are larger. Going from left to right across any row of the periodic table, neutral atoms and cations contract in size because of increasing nuclear charge. (click for larger image)]]<br /> '''Radius ratio rules.''' Early crystallographers had trouble solving the structures of inorganic solids using X-ray diffraction because some of the mathematical tools for analyzing the data had not yet been developed. Once a trial structure was proposed, it was relatively easy to calculate the diffraction pattern, but it was difficult to go the other way (from the diffraction pattern to the structure) if nothing was known ''a priori'' about the arrangement of atoms in the unit cell. It was (and still is!) important to develop some guidelines for guessing the coordination numbers and bonding geometries of atoms in crystals. The first such rules were proposed by Linus Pauling, who considered how one might pack together oppositely charged spheres of different radii. Pauling proposed from geometric considerations that the quality of the "fit" depended on the '''radius ratio''' of the anion and the cation. <br /> [[Image:Criticalradiusratio.png|thumb|300px|right|''Critical Radius Ratio''. This diagram is for coordination number six: 4 anions in the plane are shown, 1 is above the plane and 1 is below. The stability limit is at r<sub>C</sub>/r<sub>A</sub> = 0.414]] <br /> The basic idea of radius ratio rules is illustrated at the right. We consider that the anion is the packing atom in the crystal and the smaller cation fills interstitial sites ("holes"). Cations will find arrangements in which they can contact the largest number of anions. If the cation can touch all of its nearest neighbor anions, as shown at the right for a small cation in contact with larger anions, then the fit is good. If the cation is too small for a given site, that coordination number will be unstable and it will prefer a lower coordination structure. The table below gives the ranges of cation/anion radius ratios that give the best fit for a given coordination geometry.<br /> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Coordination number !! Geometry !! ρ = r<sub>cation</sub>/r<sub>anion</sub> |- |<center> 2 </center>||<center> linear </center>||<center> 0 - 0.155 </center> |- |<center> 3 </center>||<center> triangular </center>||<center> 0.155 - 0.225 </center> |- |<center> 4 </center>||<center> tetrahedral </center>||<center> 0.225 - 0.414 </center> |- |<center> 4 </center>||<center> square planar </center>||<center> 0.414 - 0.732 </center> |- |<center> 6 </center>||<center> octahedral </center>||<center> 0.414 - 0.732 </center> |- |<center> 8 </center>||<center> cubic </center>||<center> 0.732 - 1.0 </center> |- |<center> 12 </center>||<center> cuboctahedral </center>||<center> 1.0 </center> |} There are unfortunately several challenges with using this idea to predict crystal structures: * We don't know the radii of individual ions * Atoms in crystals are not really ions - there is a varying degree of covalency depending electronegativity differences * Bond distances (and therefore ionic radii) depend on bond strength and coordination number (remember Pauling's rule D(n) = D(1) - 0.6 log n) * Ionic radii depend on oxidation state (higher charge => smaller cation size, larger anion size) We can build up a table of ionic radii by assuming that the bond length is the sum of the radii (r<sub>+</sub> + r<sub>-</sub>) if the ions are in contact in the crystal. Consider for example the compounds MgX and MnX, where X = O, S, Se. All of these compounds crystallize in the NaCl structure: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''bond distance (r<sub>MX</sub>)''' :MgO&nbsp;&nbsp;2.10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MgS&nbsp;&nbsp;2.60&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MgSe&nbsp;&nbsp;2.73 Å :MnO&nbsp;&nbsp;2.24&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MnS&nbsp;&nbsp;2.59&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MnSe&nbsp;&nbsp;2.73 Å [[file:MgX-radius-ratio.png|left|300px]]For the two larger anions (S<sup>2-</sup> and Se<sup>2-</sup>), the unit cell dimensions are the same for both cations. This suggests that the anions are in contact in these structures. From geometric considerations, the anion radius in this case is given by: <math>r_-=\frac{r_{MX}}{\sqrt{2}}</math><br /> and thus the radii of the S<sup>2-</sup> and Se<sup>2-</sup> ions are 1.84 and 1.93 Å, respectively. Once the sizes of these anions are fixed, we can obtain a self-consistent set of cation and anion radii from the lattice constants of many MX compounds. How well does this model work? Let's consider the structures of tetravalent metal oxides (MO<sub>2</sub>), using Pauling radii and the predictions of the radius ratio model: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Oxide MO<sub>2</sub> !! Radius ratio !! Predicted coord. no. !! Observed coord no. (structure) |- |<center> CO<sub>2</sub> </center>||<center> ~0.1 </center>|| <center>2 </center>|| 2 (linear molecule) |- |<center> SiO<sub>2</sub> </center> ||<center> 0.32 </center>||<center> 4 </center>|| 4 (various tetrahedral structures) |- |<center> GeO<sub>2</sub> </center> ||<center> 0.43 </center>||<center> 4 </center>|| 4 (silica-like structures) |- |<center> " </center>||<center> 0.54 </center>||<center> 6 </center>|| 6 (rutile) |- |<center> TiO<sub>2</sub> </center>||<center>0.59 </center>|| <center>6 </center>|| 6 (rutile) |- |<center> ZrO<sub>2</sub> </center> ||<center> 0.68 </center>||<center> 6 </center>|| 7 (baddleyite) |- |<center> " </center>||<center> 0.77</center> ||<center> 8 </center>|| 8 (fluorite) |- |<center> ThO<sub>2</sub> </center> ||<center> 0.95 </center>||<center> 8 </center>|| 8 (fluorite) |} Note that cations have different radii depending on their coordination numbers, and thus different radius ratios are calculated for Ge<sup>4+</sup> with coordination numbers 4 and 6, and for Zr<sup>4+</sup> with coordination numbers 6 and 8. For this series of oxides, the model appears to work quite well. The correct coordination number is predicted in all cases, and borderline cases such as GeO<sub>2</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub> are found in structures with different coordination numbers. The model also correctly predicts the structures of BeF<sub>2</sub> (SiO<sub>2</sub> type), MgF<sub>2</sub> (rutile), and CaF<sub>2</sub> (fluorite). What about the alkali halides NaCl, KBr, LiI, CsF, etc.? All of them have the NaCl structure except for CsCl, CsBr, and CsI, which have the CsCl (8-8) structure. In this case the radius ratio model fails rather badly. The Li<sup>+</sup> salts LiBr and LiI are predicted to have tetrahedral structures, and KF is predicted to have an 8-8 structure like CsCl. We can try adjusting the radii (e.g., making the cations larger and anions smaller), but the best we can do with the alkali halides is predict about half of their structures correctly. Since the alkali halides are clearly ionic compounds, this failure suggests that there is something very wrong with the radius ratio model, and its success with MO<sub>2</sub> compounds was coincidental. [[File:Atomic structure of olivine 1.png|thumb|right|Structure of olivine. M (Mg or Fe) = blue spheres, Si = pink tetrahedra, O = red spheres.]]In addition to the radius ratio rule, [[w:Linus_Pauling|Linus Pauling]] developed other useful rules that are helpful in rationalizing and also predicting the structures of inorganic compounds. [[w:Pauling's_rules|Pauling's rules]]<ref>{{cite journal |author-link= Pauling L |year= 1929|title= The principles determining the structure of complex ionic crystals |journal= J. Am. Chem. Soc.|volume= 51 |issue= 4 |pages= 1010–1026 |doi= 10.1021/ja01379a006 |author= Pauling, Linus }}</ref> state that: *Stable structures are '''locally electroneutral'''. For example, in the structure of the double perovskite Sr<sub>2</sub>FeMoO<sub>6</sub>, MO<sub>6</sub> (M = Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Mo<sup>6+</sup>) octahedra share all their vertices, and Sr<sup>2+</sup> ions fill the cubooctahedral cavities that are flanked by eight MO<sub>6</sub> octahedra.<ref>K.-I. Kobayashi, T. Kimura, H. Sawada, K. Terakura, and Y. Tokura, Room-temperature magnetoresistance in an oxide material with an ordered double-perovskite structure, ''Nature'' (1998) '''395''', 677-680. DOI:10.1038/27167</ref> Each O<sup>2-</sup> ion is coordinated to one Fe<sup>2+</sup> and one Mo<sup>6+</sup> ion in order to achieve local electroneutrality, and thus the FeO<sub>6</sub> and MoO<sub>6</sub> octahedra alternate in the structure. *'''Cation-cation repulsion''' should be minimized. Anion polyhedra can share vertices (as in the perovskite structure) without any energetic penalty. Shared polyhedral edges, and especially shared faces, cause cation-cation repulsion and should be avoided. For example, in rutile, the most stable polymorph of TiO<sub>2</sub>, the TiO<sub>6</sub> octahedra share vertices and two opposite edges, forming ribbons in the structure. In anatase TiO<sub>2</sub>, each octahedron shares four edges so the anatase polymorph is less thermodynamically stable. *'''Highly charged cations''' in anion polyhedra tend not to share edges or even vertices, especially when the coordination number is low. For example, in orthosilicates such as olivine (M<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>), there are isolated SiO<sub>4</sub><sup>4-</sup> tetrahedra. As we will soon see, all of Pauling's rules are justified on the basis of lattice energy considerations. In ionic compounds, the arrangement of atoms that maximizes anion-cation interactions while minimizing cation-cation and anion-anion contacts is energetically the best. == &#160;&#160;9.2 Structure maps== [[file:mooser-pearson.png|right|400px]]Structure maps, which plot structures against properties such electronegativity, are more consistent than radius ratio rules in correctly predicting coordination numbers and crystal structures. One of the early examples of this approach was published by Mooser and Pearson in 1959.<ref>E. Mooser and W. B. Pearson, On the Crystal Chemistry of Normal Valence Compounds, Acta. Cryst. 12, 1015 (1959).</ref> A '''Mooser-Pearson diagram''' maps crystal structures according to the average principal quantum numbers of the atoms and their electronegativity difference. The basic ideas behind such a plot are: * The greater the electronegativity difference, the more ionic is the compound. Higher ionicity results in higher coordination numbers because anions like to surround cations (and vice versa). * Higher principal quantum numbers result in less s-p hybridization, less directional bonding, and therefore higher coordination number. We saw this trend before with the structures of elements in group IV: descending the group the coordination number increases progressively from 3-4 (carbon) to 12 (Pb). The lines in the Mooser-Pearson diagram separate MX compounds with CsCl, NaCl, and tetrahedral (wurtzite and zincblende) structures. Note that wurtzite has higher ionicity than zincblende in the plot, consistent with our discussion of the "boat" and "chair" ring structures in Chapter 8. Diamorphic compounds tend to fall on the boundaries. On the whole, the Mooser-Pearson diagram makes far fewer errors in predicting structures than the radius ratio rule. There are similar diagrams for MX<sub>2</sub> structures, in which the order of ionicity is CaF<sub>2</sub> (8:4 coordination) > rutile (6:3) > silica structures (4:2). == &#160;&#160;9.3 Energetics of crystalline solids: the ionic model== [[File:Sodium-chloride-3D-ionic.png|200px|right|thumb|The [[w:Sodium_chloride|NaCl]] crystal structure is the archetype for calculating lattice energies and computing enthalpies of formation from Born-Haber cycles.]] Many ionic compounds have simple structures. Because the forces holding the atoms together are primarily electrostatic, we can calculate the cohesive energy of the crystal lattice with good accuracy. Interesting questions to ask about these lattice energy calculations are: * How accurate are lattice energy calculations? * What do they teach us about the chemical bonds in ionic crystals? * Can we use lattice energies to predict properties such as solubility, stability, and reactivity? * Can we use lattice energies to predict the crystal structures of ionic compounds? Let's start by looking at the forces that hold ionic lattices together. There are mainly two kinds of force that determine the energy of an ionic bond. 1) '''Electrostatic Force''' of attraction and repulsion (Coulomb's Law): Two ions with charges z<sub>+</sub> and z<sub>-</sub>, separated by a distance r, experience a force F: :<math>\mathbf F = -\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 }{z_+z_-\over r^2}\qquad</math> :where :''e'' = 1.6022{{e|&minus;19}} [[coulomb|C]] :4 &pi; &epsilon;<sub>0</sub> = 1.112{{e|&minus;10}} C²/(J m) This force is attractive for ions of opposite charge. The electrostatic potential energy, E<sub>elec</sub>, is then given by :<math>\mathbf E_{elec} =\int_\infty^r F(r)\,\mathrm{d}r = \frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 }{z_+z_-\over r}.\qquad</math> The sign of E<sub>elec</sub> is negative for the attractive interaction between a cation and an anion. That is, the closer oppositely charged ions approach each other, the lower the potential energy. [[file:IonicBondLength.jpg|right|300px]] 2) '''Closed-shell repulsion'''. When electrons in the closed shells of one ion overlap with those of another ion, there is a repulsive force comes from the Pauli exclusion principle. A third electron cannot enter an orbital that already contains two electrons. This force is short range, and is typically modeled as falling off exponentially or with a high power of the distance r between atoms. For example, in the Born approximation, B is a constant and ρ is a number with units of length, which is usually empirically determined from compressibility data. A typical value of ρ is 0.345 Å. :<math>\mathbf E_{repulsion} = B \exp\left(\frac{-r}{\rho}\right).\qquad</math> The energy of the ionic bond between two atoms is then calculated as the combination of net electrostatic and the closed-shell repulsion energies, as shown in the figure at the right. Note that for the moment we are ignoring the attractive van der Waals energy between ions, which we will explain below. For a pair of ions, the equilibrium distance between ions is determined by the minimum in the total energy curve. At this distance, the net force on each ion is zero. <br /> <br /> [[File:NaCl-ionlattice-madelung.png|right|thumb|The Madelung constant is calculated by summing up electrostatic interactions with ion labeled 0 in the expanding spheres method. Each number designates the order in which it is summed. For example, ions labeled 1 represent the six nearest neighbors (attractive interaction), ions labeled 2 are the 12 next nearest neighbors (repulsive interaction) and so on. Note that if the sum is carried out over shells 1-2-3..., it converges very slowly, but there are mathematical methods for summing it which give a rapidly converging series.]] '''Electrostatic energy of a crystal lattice.''' We can use these equations to calculate the lattice energy of a crystal by summing up the interactions between all pairs of ions. Because the closed-shell repulsion force is short range, this term is typically calculated only for interactions between neighboring ions. However, the Coulomb force is long range, and must be calculated over the entire crystal. This problem was first solved in 1918 by [[w:Erwin Madelung|Erwin Madelung]], a German physicist.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Madelung E | year = 1918 | title = Das elektrische Feld in Systemen von regelmäßig angeordneten Punktladungen | url = | journal = Phys. Zs. | volume = XIX | issue = | pages = 524–533 }}</ref> Consider an ion in the NaCl structure labeled "O" in the diagram at the right. We can see that the nearest neighbor interactions (+ -) with ions labeled "1" are attractive, the next nearest neighbor interactions (- - and + +) are repulsive, and so on. In the NaCl structure, counting from the ion in the center of the unit cell, there are 6 nearest neighbors (on the faces of the cube), 12 next nearest neighbors (on the edges of the cube), 8 in the next shell (at the vertices of the cube), and so on. Their distances from ion "0" increase progressively: r<sub>o</sub>, √2 r<sub>o</sub>, √3 r<sub>o</sub>, and so on, where r<sub>o</sub> is the nearest neighbor distance. We can now write the electrostatic energy at ion "O" as: <math>\mathbf E_{elec} = -6\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 }{z_+z_-\over r_{o}} + 12\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 }\frac{z_+z_-}{\sqrt{2}r_{o}} - 8\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 }\frac{z_+z_-}{\sqrt{3}r_{o}} + ...</math> Factoring out constants and the nearest-neighbor bond distance r<sub>o</sub> we obtain: <math>\mathbf E_{elec} = \frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 }{z_+z_-\over r_{o}}\left(6- \frac{12}{\sqrt{2}}+ \frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}- \frac{6}{\sqrt{4}}+\cdots\right)</math> Where the sum in parentheses, which is unitless, slowly converges to a value of ''A'' = 1.74756. Generalizing this formula for any three-dimensional ionic crystal we get a function: <math>\mathbf E_{elec} = \frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 }{z_+z_-\over r_{o}}NA\qquad</math> where ''N'' is Avogadro's number (because we are calculating energy per mole of ions) and ''A'' is called the ''Madelung constant''. The '''Madelung constant''' depends only on the geometrical arrangement of the ions and so it varies between different types of crystal structures, but within a given structure type it does not change. Thus MgO and NaCl have the same Madelung constant because they both have the NaCl structure. The table below lists Madelung constants for some common structures. The '''reduced Madelung constant''' is obtained by normalizing the values to the number of ions in the formula unit. It can be seen from the table that the reduced Madelung constants are quite similar for different structures. This makes it hard to determine on the basis of electrostatic energy calculations which structure will be most stable for a given compound. It is interesting to note that the trend in reduced Madelung constants roughly follows the trend in ionicity (cf. the Mooser-Pearson diagram in Section 9.2). For example, wurtzite has a slightly higher Madelung constant than zincblende, consistent with our earlier conclusion that the wurtzite structure is favored by more polar compounds. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Structure !! Madelung Constant, ''A'' !! Reduced Madelung Constant, 2''A/n'' |- |<center> NaCl (halite) </center>||<center> 1.7476 </center>||<center> 1.7476 </center> |- |<center> CsCl </center>||<center> 1.7627 </center>||<center> 1.7627 </center> |- |<center> ZnS (zincblende) </center>||<center> 1.6381 </center>||<center> 1.6381 </center> |- |<center> ZnS (wurtzite) </center>||<center> 1.6413 </center>||<center> 1.6413 </center> |- |<center> CaF<sub>2</sub> (fluorite) </center>||<center> 2.5194 </center>||<center> 1.6796 </center> |- |<center> TiO<sub>2</sub> (rutile) </center>||<center> 2.4080 </center>||<center> 1.6053 </center> |- |<center> Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (corundum) </center>||<center> 4.172 </center>||<center> 1.6688 </center> |} [[File:LiF-crystal.jPeG|250px|thumb|Lithium fluoride (shown here as a large single crystal in a beaker of water) is the only alkali halide that is not freely soluble in water. The lattice energy of LiF is the most negative of the alkali fluorides because Li<sup>+</sup> and F<sup>-</sup> are both small ions and ''E<sub>L</sub>'' is proportional to 1/''r''<sub>0</sub>.]]'''Total lattice energy of a crystal.''' Having in hand a formula for the electrostatic energy, we can now add in the closed-shell repulsion term to obtain an equation that gives us the total lattice energy. <math> E_L = \frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 }\frac{z_+z_-}{r_{o}}N A + N B \exp\left(\frac{-r}{\rho}\right).\qquad</math> At the equilibrium bond distance, the forces on all the ions are zero, and we can use this fact to eliminate the constant ''B'': <math>\left[\frac{dE}{dr}\right]_{r=r_o} = 0.\qquad</math> From this we obtain the [[w:Born–Mayer_equation|Born-Mayer equation]]: <math>E_L=\frac{e^2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 }\frac{z_+z_-}{r_{o}}N A\left(1-\frac{\rho}{r_o}\right).</math> Expressed this way, ''E<sub>L</sub>'' is a negative number (because z<sub>+</sub> and z<sub>-</sub> have opposite signs). It represents the energy change for forming one mole of solid salt from one mole of the gaseous ions, separated initially at an infinite distance. <br /> <br /> == &#160;&#160;9.4 Born-Haber cycles for NaCl and silver halides== Now that we have an equation for the lattice energy of an ionic crystal, we can ask the question of how accurate it is. Remember, we made several approximations in arriving at this formula. We assumed that the lattice was completely ionic, we ignored the van der Waals attractive energy of the ions, and we assumed that there was no covalent contribution to the bonding. Let's consider the lattice energy of table salt (NaCl) Na<sup>+</sup>(g) + Cl<sup>-</sup>(g) --> NaCl(s) To calculate the lattice energy, we lump together the physical constants: :<math>E_L (kJ/mol) = (1389.3)\frac{Az_+z_-}{r_o}(1-\frac{.345}{r_o})</math> where r<sub>o</sub> is expressed in Å. Now we can calculate the lattice energy for NaCl using r<sub>o</sub> = 2.814 Å, as: :<math>E_L = -(1389.3)\frac{1.7476}{2.814}(1-\frac{.345}{2.814}) = -766.5 </math> kJ/mol We can alternatively construct a '''Born-Haber cycle''' for the formation of NaCl from the elements and calculate the lattice energy as the "missing" term in the cycle. [[Image:BHC-NaCl-kJ.png|350px|left|Born-Haber Cycle of NaCl]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> S= Sublimation energy of Na(s) IP= Ionization potential of Na(g) D= Bond dissociation energy of Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) EA= Electron affinity of Cl(g) E<sub>L</sub>=Lattice energy of NaCl R= Gas constant T= Absolute temperature From '''Hess' Law:''' ΔH<sub>f</sub> = S + 1/2D + IP + EA + E<sub>L</sub> - 2RT = '''-396 kJ/mol''' Here we have to subtract 2RT to convert our cycle of energies to a cycle of enthalpies, because we are compressing two moles of gas in making NaCl(s) and PΔV = ΔnRT, where Δn = -2. Experimentally ΔH<sub>f</sub> for NaCl is '''-411 kJ/mol''' Because all the other numbers in the cycle are known accurately, the error in our calculation is only about 15 kJ (about 2% of E<sub>L</sub>). The result is promising because we neglected the van der Waals term. <u>But....how did we get away with neglecting the van der Waals term?</u> This is because we used '''energy minimization''' to obtain the repulsion energy in the Born-Mayer equation. If we underestimate the attractive energy of the crystal lattice, the energy minimization criterion ensures that the repulsion energy is underestimated as well. The two errors partially compensate, so the overall error in the calculation is small. We can do better by explicitly including the short-range van der Waals attractive energy between ions. The table below shows results of more detailed lattice energy calculations for ionic fluorides in which the van der Waals term is explicitly included. The errors in this case are only about 1% of E<sub>L</sub>. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Compound !! Calculated Lattice Energy (kJ/mol) !! Experimental E<sub>L</sub> from Born-Haber Cycle |- |<center> MgF<sub>2</sub> (rutile structure) </center>||<center> -2,920 </center>||<center> -2,908 </center> |- |<center> CaF<sub>2</sub> (fluorite structure) </center>||<center> -2,586 </center>||<center> -2,611 </center> |- |<center> BaF<sub>2</sub> (fluorite structure) </center>||<center> -2,326 </center>||<center> -2,368 </center> |} '''Silver Halides'''[[File:Silver chloride (AgCl).jpg|200px|thumb|A drop of siver nitrate solution, when added to a dilute hydrochloric acid solution, results in the immediate formation of a white silver chloride precipitate. This reaction is used as a qualitative test for the presence of halide ions in solutions. The covalent bonding contribution to the lattice energies of AgCl, AgBr, and AgI makes these salts sparingly soluble in water.]] It is interesting to repeat this exercise for the silver halides, which have either the NaCl structure (AgF, AgCl, AgBr) or zincblende structure (AgI). {| class="wikitable" |- ! Silver Halide !! Calculated !! Cycle !! Difference (kJ/mol) |- |<center> AgF </center>||<center> -920 </center>||<center> -954 </center>||<center> 34 </center> |- |<center> AgCl </center>||<center> -833 </center>||<center> -908 </center>||<center> 75 </center> |- |<center> AgBr </center>||<center> -816 </center>||<center> -900 </center>||<center> 84 </center> |- |<center> AgI </center>||<center> -778 </center>||<center> -883 </center>||<center> 105 </center> |- |} Looking at the table, we see that the error is small for AgF and becomes progressively larger for the heavier silver halides. However we are still obtaining answers within about 12% error even for AgI. Should we interpret the good agreement with values calculated from the ionic model to mean that these compounds are ionic? Clearly, this description is inappropriate for AgI, where the electronegativity difference Δχ is only 0.6 (compare this value to 0.4 for a C-H bond, which we typically view as non-polar). Again, we can interpret the fortuitous agreement between the calculated and experimentally obtained energies in terms of compensating errors. Our lattice energy calculation ''overestimates'' the ionic contribution in the case of the heavier silver halides, but ''underestimates'' the covalent contribution. Of these compounds, only AgF is soluble in water and should be thought of as an ionic compound. The others are progressively more insoluble in water (K<sub>sp</sub> is 10<sup>-10</sup>, 10<sup>-13</sup>, and 10<sup>-16</sup> for AgCl, AgBr, and AgI), reflecting increasing covalency as Δχ decreases. The moral of the story is that simple lattice energy calculations based on the ionic model work well, but ''they do not necessarily imply that the compounds are ionic''! == &#160;&#160;9.5 Kapustinskii equation== From the discussion above, it is clear that the lattice energy, E<sub>L</sub>, of an ionic crystal can be calculated with reasonable accuracy if the structure is known. But how can we calculate E<sub>L</sub> for a new or hypothetical compound of unknown structure? Recall that the reduced Madelung constant is about the same for different crystal structures. Russian chemist A. F. Kapustinskii recognized this fact and devised a formula that allows one to calculate E<sub>L</sub> for any compound if we know the univalent radii of the constituent ions.<ref>A. F. Kapustinskii: ''Lattice energy of ionic crystals'', ''Quart. Rev. Chem. Soc.'' Nr.&nbsp;10, '''1956''', pp.&nbsp;283–294. DOI|10.1039/QR9561000283</ref> The Madelung constant, A, is proportional to the number of ions (n) in formula unit, so dividing by the n gives similar values as shown in the table below: '''A/n ~ invariant''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Structure!! A/n |- | NaCl || 0.874 |- | CsCl || 0.882 |- | Rutile || 0.803 |- | Fluorite || 0.800 |} Kapustinskii noticed that the difference in ionic radii between M<sup>+</sup> and M<sup>2+</sup> (the monovalent vs. divalent radius) largely compensates for the differences in A/n between monovalent (NaCl, CsCl) and divalent (rutile, CaF<sub>2</sub>) structures. He thus arrived at a lattice energy formula using an average Madelung constant, corrected to monovalent radii. In the [[w:Kapustinskii_equation|'''Kapustinskii formula''']], the lattice energy (kJ/mol) is given by: <math>\mathbf E_L= {1213.8z_+z_- n \over r_++r_-}(1-\frac{0.345}{r_++r_-})</math> Here the sum of the monovalent radii is used in place of r<sub>o</sub>, the bond distance in the Born-Mayer equation. The beauty of this formula is that it requires no knowledge of the structure of the compound. Therefore it can be used, in combination with Born-Haber cycles, to predict the stability of unknown compounds. As we show below, this is a broadly useful tool in guiding syntheses and predicting the reactivity of inorganic solids. == &#160;&#160;9.6 Discovery of noble gas compounds== [[File:XeF2 kristalle.png|200px|thumb|Crystals of xenon difluoride (XeF<sub>2</sub>), which is made by photolysis of a gas mixture of Xe and F<sub>2</sub>. XeF<sub>2</sub> is used as a selective etchant for SiO<sub>2</sub> in certain microelectronic fabrication processes. Prior to Neil Bartlett's discovery of the first xenon compound in 1962, it was believed that elements in group VIII (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) could not form chemical compounds. Since then chemists have discovered a rich family of noble gas compounds containing Xe, Kr, or Ar.]] In 1962 at the University of British Columbia, [[w:Neil_Bartlett_(chemist)|'''Neil Bartlett''']] was working with the powerful oxidizer PtF<sub>6</sub> and, because of an accidental leak in his vacuum line, noticed the compound’s reaction with O<sub>2</sub> to generate a solid with formula "PtF<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub>." The formula suggested Pt in the +10 oxidation state, which was clearly unreasonable because PtF<sub>6</sub> was known to be a more powerful oxidizer than either molecular fluorine (F<sub>2</sub>) or molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>). Bartlett noticed that the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the compound was similar to that of Cs<sup>+</sup>AsF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup>, a salt with the CsCl structure in which octahedral AsF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup> ions occupy the chloride ion sites. This led Bartlett to propose a formulation of O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>PtF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup> for his new compound.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate (V), O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>[PtF<sub>6</sub>]<sup>&minus;</sup> | author=Neil Bartlett and D. H. Lohmann | journal = Proceedings of the Chemical Society | volume = | publisher = Chemical Society | location = London | issue = 3 | pages = 115 |date=March 1962 | url = | doi = 10.1039/PS9620000097 }}</ref> Magnetic susceptibility data subsequently confirmed the presence of the paramagnetic O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> cation, which (see Chapter 2) has a bond order of 2.5. This formulation implies that PtF<sub>6</sub> was a strong enough oxidizing agent to oxidize molecular oxygen. <br /> But just how strong an oxidizer is PtF<sub>6</sub>? Its electron affinity could be estimated by using a Born-Haber cycle, filling in the lattice energy of O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>PtF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup> by means of Kapustinskii's formula: <br /><br> [[File:O2PtF6-kJ.png|350px]]<br /><br /> The electron affinity (EA) for PtF<sub>6</sub> can be calculated as EA = -159 - 1167 + 571 = -751 kJ/mol. To put it in perspective, this is 417 kJ/mol more exothermic than the electron affinity of atomic fluorine (334 kJ). PtF<sub>6</sub> was by far the strongest oxidizer that had ever been made!<br /> Bartlett recognized that Xe has ionization energy of +1170 kJ, which is very close to the ionization energy of O<sub>2</sub>. Since Xe<sup>+</sup> should be about the same size as O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, the lattice energy should be about the same with Xe<sup>+</sup> in the cation site of the O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>PtF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup> structure. Since all of the other terms in the Born-Haber cycle for the reaction of Xe with PtF<sub>6</sub> are the same, Bartlett concluded that Xe<sup>+</sup>PtF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup>, like O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>PtF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup>, should be a stable compound. He purchased a lecture bottle of xenon gas and reacted the two compounds, producing an orange solid.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Xenon hexafluoroplatinate (V) Xe<sup>+</sup>[PtF<sub>6</sub>]<sup>&minus;</sup> | author = Bartlett, N. | journal = Proceedings of the Chemical Society | volume = | publisher = Chemical Society | location = London | issue = 6 | pages = 218 |date=June 1962 | url = | doi = 10.1039/PS9620000197}}</ref> While the product initially formed in the reaction may in fact be Xe<sup>+</sup>PtF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup>, the Xe<sup>+</sup> free radical is a powerful Lewis acid and reacts further with excess PtF<sub>6</sub>. The ultimate product of the reaction is formulated [XeF<sup>+</sup>][Pt<sub>2</sub>F<sub>11</sub><sup>-</sup>], a salt which contains Xe in the +2 oxidation state and Pt in the +5 oxidation state. This was an important discovery because it shattered the dogmatic notion, which derived from the octet rule, that elements in group VIII could not form bonds with other elements. The name of this group was changed from the "inert gases" to the "noble gases." Subsequently, many compounds of Xe and a few of Kr and even Ar (which is much harder to oxidize) were synthesized and characterized. <br /> == &#160;&#160;9.7 Stabilization of high and low oxidation states== Lattice energies, in addition to guiding the discovery of unknown compounds, are useful in explaining the absence (i.e., the thermodynamic instability) of '''non-existent compounds'''.<ref>W. E. Dasent, Non-Existent Compounds, ''J. Chem. Educ.'', '''1963''', ''40'', p 130, DOI: 10.1021/ed040p130</ref> For example, CuF and AuF are unknown compounds, whereas CuF<sub>2</sub>, AuF<sub>3</sub>, and AuF<sub>5</sub> are stable. In contrast AgF is a known, stable compound. <br /> From the Born Haber cycle for CuF, the compound should be marginally stable (ΔH<sub>f</sub><sup>o</sup> = -140 kJ/mol) with respect to the elements. Why then is CuF unknown?<br /><br /> [[File:CuFBornHaber-kJ.png|450px]] To gain insight into this question, we first construct a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of CuF<sub>2</sub> from the elements. This compound is stable with respect to the elements by -368 kJ/mol. <br /> [[File:CuF2BornHaber-kJ.png|450px]] <br /> Combining the two cycles we see that the '''disproportionation''' of CuF to Cu and CuF<sub>2</sub> is spontaneous. From similar cycles, we can also predict that the reaction 3AuF → AuF<sub>3</sub> + 2Au should be spontaneous. [[File:Copper(I) iodide.jpg|200px|thumb|Cuprous iodide (CuI) is a crystalline compound used in organic synthesis and cloud seeding. This compound can be made in the laboratory by reacting soluble Cu<sup>2+</sup> salts with a solution of sodium or potassium iodide. Because CuI<sub>2</sub> is thermodynamicaly unstable, the reaction liberates I<sub>2</sub> and a CuI precipitate forms.]]Why is the lowest oxidation state unstable for these fluorides? The key point is that the large difference in E<sub>L</sub> values (2908-972=1926 kJ in the case of copper fluorides) drives their disproportionation reactions. Note that when we use the Kapustinskii equation, we calculate that E<sub>L</sub> for CuF<sub>2</sub> is approximately '''three times''' that of CuF. We use the same univalent radii in both calculations, but Cu has a 2+ charge in CuF<sub>2</sub> (doubling the lattice energy relative to CuF), and contains 3/2 as many ions. The product z<sub>+</sub>z<sub>-</sub>n is thus three times larger for CuF<sub>2</sub>. The difference in E<sub>L</sub> values will thus increase as E<sub>L</sub> for the monovalent salt increases. We know that fluorides, having a small anion radius, will give larger E<sub>L</sub> values than iodides, which have larger anions. Thus the disproportionation reaction becomes more favorable for CuF than it is for CuI. The stability of the lower vs. higher oxidation state thus depends on the '''size of the anion'''. For example, in fluorides, CuF is unstable but CuF<sub>2</sub> is stable. However, in iodides, CuI is stable whereas CuI<sub>2</sub> is unstable. From this we can develop a broad conclusion: '''small anions (O,F) tend to stabilize higher oxidation states, whereas large anions (S, Br, I...) stabilize lower oxidation states.''' Note that this trend has to do with the '''size''' and not with the electronegativity of the anion. Coincidentally, F and O are electronegative elements, but it is really their small size that has consequences for the lattice energy and their stabilization of higher oxidation states. Remember that the '''hard-soft acid-base rules''' could be interpreted in terms of the dominance of ionic vs. covalent interactions. Here we have put the hard-hard interaction in quantitative terms, based on (electrostatic) lattice energies. Ag appears to buck the periodic trend. Why is AgF stable? This is because the second IP is very high (2071 kJ vs. 1958 kJ for Cu, 1979 for Au). Thus both AgF and AgF<sub>2</sub> are known fluorides of Ag. == &#160;&#160;9.8 Alkalides and electrides== [[Image:Electride 01.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Cavities and channels in an electride]]Another interesting consequence of lattice energies involves the formation of certain salts containing Na<sup>-</sup> and e<sup>-</sup> anions. These compounds are known as '''alkalides''' and '''electrides''', respectively.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Dye, J. L. | title = Electrons as Anions | journal = Science | year = 2003 | volume = 301 | pages = 607–608 | doi = 10.1126/science.1088103 | pmid = 12893933 | issue = 5633}}</ref> Most of these compounds have been discovered by Prof. James Dye at Michigan State University. <br /> The alkali metals have one electron in their valence shell. For example, the electronic configurations of Na and K are [Ar]3s<sup>1</sup> and [Kr]4s<sup>1</sup>, respectively. Although we are accustomed to seeing these very electropositive elements give up their electrons when they make compounds with electronegative elements, they can also gain an electron to achieve a [noble gas]ns<sup>2</sup> configuration. This is possible with strong electron donors such as alkali metals, especially when the cation that is formed is stabilized by coordination to a crown ether. Typically, these compounds are synthesized by combining the alkali metal and the appropriate crown ether in liquid ammonia, and then evaporating the ammonia. Electride salts are formed under similar conditions, except in this case the anion is simply an electron that exists in an anion "cavity" in the crystal. The crystal structures are clearly salt-like, with the cations (alkali cations stabilized by crown or cryptand ligands) alternating in the structure with electrons. [[File:AlkalideElectrideSalts.png|left|450px]][[File:1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane 200.svg|thumb|170px|18-Crown-6, a crown ether that strongly complexes Na<sup>+</sup> cations]] <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Complexing Na<sup>+</sup> (K<sup>+</sup>, Rb<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>) with crown ether ligands stabilizes the M<sup>+</sup> form of the metal ("salt" form). Because the metal cation with its ligand shell is rather large, the lattice energy of these salts is rather low. <br /><br /> Solutions of electride salts are powerful reducing agents, as demonstrated by their use in the [[w:Birch_reduction|Birch reduction]], in which aromatic compounds are hydrogenated to produce dienes. Electrides are also useful for reducing metal ions to metals. Evaporation of blue electride solutions in anhydrous ammonia affords a mirror of Na. Such solutions slowly lose their color as the electrons reduce ammonia to the amide anion: <br /><br /> :[Na(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>+</sup>e<sup>−</sup> + NH<sub>3</sub> → NaNH<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> <br /> It is interesting to consider, in the context of lattice energies and Born-Haber cycles, what might happen without these ligands present. That is, we can ask the question of whether sodium metal would prefer to exist in the metallic form as Na(s), or to form the sodide salt Na<sup>+</sup>Na<sup>-</sup>, or the electride salt Na<sup>+</sup> e<sup>-</sup>. Of course, we already know the answer to this question. Elemental sodium is clearly a metal (it is shiny, conducts electricity, and has a bcc crystal structure) and has never been observed in either of the "salt" forms. But how far away are these forms energetically? We can calculate the energetics by assuming that the Na- ion is about the same size as Br<sup>-</sup>, and that the e<sup>-</sup> anion is about the same size as Cl<sup>-</sup>. Then the lattice energies in the cycles become the same as those of NaBr and NaCl: [[File:2NaBornHaber-kJ.png|400px]] <br /> [[File:NaBornHaber-kJ.png|400px]] The rather surprising result from these calculations is that sodium would be marginally stable as a sodide salt and very stable (by 161 kJ) as an electride. All the terms in these simple cycles are known precisely. But we must be doing something wrong here, because Na(s) is clearly metallic. The key, subtle point here is that Born-Haber cycles consider only the ''potential energy'' (rather than the total energy) of the substances in the cycle. Normally we can ignore the ''kinetic energy'' part of the total energy, but in this case we cannot because of the quantum mechanical effect of ''resonance''. == &#160;&#160;9.9 Resonance energy of metals== [[File:Na (Sodium).jpg|250px|thumb|Sodium owes its metallic properties to the resonance stabilization of its delocalized valence electrons.]]The solution to the problem above must consider the quantum mechanical nature of the electron. The valence electrons in Na metal are in orbitals that are delocalized over the entire crystal. However in the Na<sup>+</sup> e<sup>-</sup> "salt" form, the electrons are localized on specific anion sites. This localization imparts an additional kinetic energy (via the "[[w:Particle_in_a_box|'''particle in a box''']]" effect) that adds to the total energy. From the quantum mechanical result for a particle in a one-dimensional box, we obtain <math>KE = \frac{h^2 n^2}{8mL^2}</math> <br /> where: h = Plank's constant = 6.626 x 10<sup>-34</sup> J s n = energy level, assumed to be the lowest, n = 1 m = electron mass = 9.109 x 10<sup>-31</sup> kg L = size of the box If we approximate the size of the electron "box" as 3 Å (3 x 10<sup>-10</sup> m), we obtain: <br /> <math>KE = \frac{(6.626\cdot10^{-34})^{2}(6.022\cdot10^{23})}{8\cdot (9.1\cdot10^{-31})(3\cdot10^{-10})^{2}} = 4.04\cdot10^{5} J/mol = +404 kJ/mol</math> <br /> This extra kinetic energy makes the Na<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> "salt" unstable relative to the electron-delocalized metal. The calculation is not very accurate because the electron kinetic energy is not zero in the metal, and because the "box" size is not so well defined. However, it does illustrate that electron delocalization has a substantial effect in thermodynamically stabilizing metals. The situation is entirely analogous to the stabilization of aromatic molecules by electron delocalization. In molecules like [[w:Resonance_(chemistry)#Resonance_energy|benzene]], resonance is also a quantum-mechanical kinetic energy effect. In general, the resonance stabilization energy is significantly larger in metals than it is in π-delocalized organic molecules. For example, the resonance energy of the six π-electrons in benzene is approximately 151 kJ/mol, less than half of the value we have calculated (per electron) in sodium metal. [[file:Ca2N_electride_structure.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Crystal structure of Ca<sub>2</sub>N, with 2D electron layers shown schematically in blue.]]Interestingly, several of the alkali metals (and other metallic elements) transform at ultrahigh pressures to optically transparent, insulating phases in which the valence electrons are localized.<ref>Ma, Y.; Eremets, M.; Oganov, A. R.; Xie, Y.; Trojan, I.; Medvedev, S.; Lyakhov, A. O.; Valle, M.; Prakapenka, V., "Transparent Dense Sodium," Nature 2009, 458, 182–183. [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v458/n7235/full/nature07786.html doi:10.1038/nature07786]</ref><ref>M.-S. Miao and R. Hoffmann, "High Pressure Electrides: A Predictive Chemical and Physical Theory," Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 1311–1317. [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ar4002922 DOI: 10.1021/ar4002922]</ref> These high pressure electride phases defy the general rule (which we will encounter in Chapter 10) that insulators transform to metals at sufficiently high density. They illustrate how the stable structure of an element can depend on the trade-off between the lattice energy of an ionic electride structure and the resonance energy of an electron-delocalized metal. In addition to the salt-like electrides that are formed by complexing alkali metals with crown ether ligands, there are a number of recently discovered solid state nitrides and oxides, such as Ca<sub>2</sub>N and Ca<sub>24</sub>Al<sub>28</sub>O<sub>64</sub>, that are more properly formulated as electrides, i.e. as [Ca<sub>2</sub>N<sup>+</sup>](e<sup>-</sup>)<ref>K. Lee, et al., "Dicalcium nitride as a two-dimensional electride with an anionic electron layer," ''Nature'', 2013, 494, 336–340. [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11812 DOI:10.1038/nature11812]</ref> and [Ca<sub>24</sub>Al<sub>28</sub>O<sub>64</sub>]<sup>4+</sup>(e<sup>−</sup>)<sub>4</sub>.<ref>S. Matsuishi, et al., "High-Density Electron Anions in a Nanoporous Single Crystal: [Ca<sub>24</sub>Al<sub>28</sub>O<sub>64</sub>]<sup>4+</sup>(e<sup>−</sup>)<sub>4</sub>," ''Science,'' 2003, 301, 626-629. [http://science.sciencemag.org/content/301/5633/626 DOI: 10.1126/science.1083842]</ref> In these compounds the Ca, Al, O, and N atoms have their ordinary octet oxidation states (+2, +3, -2, and -3, respectively), and electrons act as anions, filling in cage-like voids or layers in the crystal. For example, Ca<sub>2</sub>N adopts the anti-CdCl<sub>2</sub> structure, as shown at the right, with void spaces between layers that are occupied by a 2D gas of electrons. Like other layered materials, Ca<sub>2</sub>N can be easily delaminated into thin nanosheets while retaining its structure and properties as an electride.<ref>D. L. Druffel et al., "Experimental Demonstration of an Electride as a 2D Material," ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.,'' 2016, 138, 16089–16094. [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jacs.6b10114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10114]</ref> These compounds are powerful reducing agents and also have interesting activity as catalysts.<ref>Y. Inoue et al., "Highly Dispersed Ru on Electride [Ca<sub>24</sub>Al<sub>28</sub>O<sub>64</sub>]<sup>4+</sup>(e<sup>−</sup>)<sub>4</sub> as a Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis," ACS Catal., 2014, 4, 674–680. [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/cs401044a DOI: 10.1021/cs401044a]</ref> <br> == &#160;&#160;9.10 The strange case of the alkali oxides== [[File:Sodium peroxide 2grams.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Sodium metal is oxided in air to sodium peroxide, Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>]] [[file:K2O and Cs2O structures.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Space-filling models of the crystal structures of K<sub>2</sub>O (top) and Cs<sub>2</sub>O (bottom). Oxygen atoms are red, potassium ions are blue, and cesium ions are magenta]]'''Unexpected stoichiometry.''' The alkali oxides, made by reacting alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) with oxygen, show an unusual trend. When lithium reacts with oxygen we obtain the binary oxide Li<sub>2</sub>O, as expected from combining an element in group I with one in group VI. Curiously, the oxide that forms most readily when sodium metal is oxidized is not Na<sub>2</sub>O, but is instead the peroxide Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which we can formulate as (Na<sup>+</sup>)<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup>). With potassium, rubidium, and cesium we obtain the superoxides MO<sub>2</sub>, which contain the superoxide radical anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>-.</sup>) and should be formulated as (M<sup>+</sup>)(O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>). While it is possible to make Na<sub>2</sub>O, K<sub>2</sub>O, Rb<sub>2</sub>O, and Cs<sub>2</sub>O by reaction of the appropriate metal nitrate (MNO<sub>3</sub>) with elemental alkali metal M,<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first= A.F.|editor1-last= Holleman|editor2-first= E.|editor2-last= Wiberg|title= Inorganic Chemistry|year= 2001|publisher= Academic Press|location= San Diego|isbn= 978-0-12-352651-9}}</ref> it is curious that these "normal valent" compounds do not form by direct reaction of the metal with oxygen. Because the alkali metals are all very electropositive (χ = 0.8-1.0), and oxygen is very electronegative (χ = 3.5), we expect all the compounds we make by combining them to be reliably ionic. Consistent with this picture we find that Li<sub>2</sub>O (along with Na<sub>2</sub>O, K<sub>2</sub>O, and Rb<sub>2</sub>O) adopts the antifluorite structure (8:4 coordination - see problem 8.8.2), which we expect to find with relatively ionic M<sub>2</sub>X compounds. Strangely however, Cs<sub>2</sub>O crystallizes in the anti-CdCl<sub>2</sub> structure. This is odd because CdCl<sub>2</sub> has a layered structure that we normally associate with polar covalent MX<sub>2</sub> compounds (see section 8.4). In Cs<sub>2</sub>O, six Cs<sup>+</sup> cations surround each O<sup>2-</sup> anion in an octahedron. Each Cs<sup>+</sup> is coordinated to three O<sup>2-</sup> ions, and the Cs<sup>+</sup> ions contact each other across a van der Waals gap. The juxtaposition of Cs<sup>+</sup> ions near each other is clearly electrostatically unfavorable, so why does Cs<sub>2</sub>O prefer the anti-CdCl<sub>2</sub> structure to antifluorite? The answer has to do with the crowding of alkali ions around oxygen, as illustrated for K<sub>2</sub>O at the right. Because eight large K<sup>+</sup> ions surround each O<sup>2-</sup> ion in the structure, the cations are essentially in contact. Indeed, the metal-oxygen bonds are "stretched" in Na<sub>2</sub>O, K<sub>2</sub>O, and Rb<sub>2</sub>O relative to M-O bonds with the same bond order in other structures.<ref>N. K. McGuire and M. O'Keeffe, "Bond lengths in alkali metal oxides," ''J. Solid State Chem.'' '''1984''', ''54,'' 49-53. [https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(84)90129-4 DOI:10.1016/0022-4596(84)90129-4]</ref> The situation is so extreme for Cs<sub>2</sub>O that it finds an (electrostatically unfavorable) structure in which the coordination is lowered to 6:3. This packing problem is relieved somewhat in the peroxides, where the coordination is still 8:4 but the anion is larger, and especially in the superoxides where the cation:anion ratio is 1:1 and the coordination is 6:6. Thus the larger alkali ions (K<sup>+</sup>, Rb<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup>) tend to form superoxides. Another way that we can rationalize this trend is through the energetics of forming the oxides, peroxides, and superoxides. Let's calculate the enthalpy change (per mole of metal) for forming a metal oxide M<sub>2</sub>O from the metal and oxygen: ::M(s) + 1/4 O<sub>2</sub>(g) --> 1/2 M<sub>2</sub>O(s) We can use Hess' law to write this as a sum of reactions: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Reaction!! ΔH |- |M(s) --> M(g) --> M<sup>+</sup>(g)|| ΔH<sub>s</sub> + IE = ΔH<sub>f,M<sup>+</sup>(g)</sub> |- | 1/4 O<sub>2</sub>(g) --> 1/2 O(g) --> 1/2 O<sup>2-</sup>(g) || 1/4 ΔH<sub>d</sub> + 1/2 EA<sub>1</sub> + 1/2 EA<sub>2</sub> = 1/2 ΔH<sub>f,O<sup>2-</sup>(g)</sub> |- | M<sup>+</sup>(g) + 1/2 O<sup>2-</sup>(g) --> 1/2 M<sub>2</sub>O(s) || 1/2 E<sub>L,M<sub>2</sub>O</sub> - 3/2 RT |- | '''Overall:'''|| |- | M(s) + 1/4 O<sub>2</sub>(g) --> 1/2 M<sub>2</sub>O(s)||ΔH<sub>f,M<sup>+</sup>(g)</sub> + 1/2 ΔH<sub>f,O<sup>2-</sup>(g)</sub> + 1/2 E<sub>L,M<sub>2</sub>O</sub> - 3/2 RT |} To get the enthalpy change for the overall reaction (the heat of formation of 1/2 mole of M<sub>2</sub>O) we will need the heats of formation of M<sup>+</sup>(g) and O<sup>2-</sup>(g), which are available from tabulated values, and E<sub>L</sub>, which we can calculate from Kapustinskii's equation. Similarly, we can write for the formation of the alkali peroxides: ::M(s) + 1/2 O<sub>2</sub>(g) --> 1/2 M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(s) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Reaction!! ΔH |- |M(s) --> M(g) --> M<sup>+</sup>(g)|| ΔH<sub>f,M<sup>+</sup>(g)</sub> |- | 1/2 O<sub>2</sub>(g) --> 1/2 O<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup>(g) || 1/2 ΔH<sub>f,O<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup>(g)</sub> |- | M<sup>+</sup>(g) + 1/2 O<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup>(g) --> 1/2 M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(s) || 1/2 E<sub>L,M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub> - 3/2 RT |- | '''Overall:'''|| |- | M(s) + 1/2 O<sub>2</sub>(g) --> 1/2 M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(s)||ΔH<sub>f,M<sup>+</sup>(g)</sub> + 1/2 ΔH<sub>f,O<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup>(g)</sub> + 1/2 E<sub>L,M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub> - 3/2 RT |} and for the superoxides: ::M(s) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) --> MO<sub>2</sub>(s) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Reaction!! ΔH |- |M(s) --> M(g) --> M<sup>+</sup>(g)|| ΔH<sub>f,M<sup>+</sup>(g)</sub> |- | O<sub>2</sub>(g) --> O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(g) || ΔH<sub>f,O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(g)</sub> |- | M<sup>+</sup>(g) + O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(g) --> MO<sub>2</sub>(s) || E<sub>L,MO<sub>2</sub></sub> - 2 RT |- | '''Overall:'''|| |- | M(s) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) --> M<sub></sub>O<sub>2</sub>(s)||ΔH<sub>f,M<sup>+</sup>(g)</sub> + ΔH<sub>f,O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>(g)</sub> + E<sub>L,MO<sub>2</sub></sub> - 2 RT |} For the gaseous anions and cations, we have the following heats of formation and ionic radii (CN=6): {| class="wikitable" |- ! Ion !! ΔH<sub>f</sub>, kJ || ionic radius, Å |- | Li<sup>+</sup> || 678 || 0.76 |- | Na<sup>+</sup> || 602 || 1.02 |- | K<sup>+</sup> || 506 || 1.38 |- | Rb<sup>+</sup> || 485 || 1.52 |- | Cs<sup>+</sup> || 473 || 1.67 |- | O<sup>2-</sup> || 500 || 1.20 |- | O<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup> || 519 || 1.59 |- | O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> || -88 || 1.49 |} Now using Kapustinskii's equation, we can calculate the lattice energies for each compound; these have been converted to lattice enthalpies by subtracting 2 RT or 3 RT as appropriate: <math>\mathbf E_L= {1213.8z_+z_- n \over r_++r_-}(1-\frac{0.345}{r_++r_-})</math> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Metal !! ΔH<sub>L</sub>,M<sub>2</sub>O || ΔH<sub>L</sub>,M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> || ΔH<sub>L</sub>,M<sub></sub>O<sub>2</sub> |- | Li || -3,065 kJ|| -2,651 kJ || -918 kJ |- | Na || -2,776 || -2,433 || -838 |- | K || -2,454 || -2,178 || -751 |- | Rb || -2,345 || -2,090 || -721 |- | Cs || -2,241 || -2,007 || -678 |} As expected, the lattice energies for M<sub>2</sub>O and M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> are comparable, the latter being somewhat smaller in magnitude because of the larger size of the O<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup> anion. The lattice energies of the superoxides, MO<sub>2</sub>, are about 1/3 those of the corresponding peroxides because both the anion and cation are singly charged, and there are only two ions per formula unit. Now, putting it all together, we can use the lattice energies and heats of formation of the individual ions to compare the heats of formation (per mole of metal) of each of the oxides: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Metal !! 1/2 ΔH<sub>f</sub>,M<sub>2</sub>O || 1/2 ΔH<sub>f</sub>,M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> || ΔH<sub>f</sub>,M<sub></sub>O<sub>2</sub> |- | Li || '''-404''' kJ|| -388 kJ|| -328 kJ |- | Na || -338 || '''-354''' || -324 |- | K || -271 || -321 || '''-328''' |- | Rb || -241 || -300 || '''-324''' |- | Cs || -53 || -70 || '''-81''' |} We can see that for Li, the formation of Li<sub>2</sub>O is favored over Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or LiO<sub>2</sub> because of the very favorable lattice energy of Li<sub>2</sub>O. As the lattice energy becomes less negative with increasing cation size, the peroxide becomes the most stable at Na. For the heavier alkalis, M<sub>2</sub>O becomes quite unstable and the superoxides MO<sub>2</sub> are the most stable. This is consistent with our observations of the chemistry of the group I oxides. [[File:Rb9O2_cluster.png|100px|left|thumb|Rb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cluster in the Rb suboxides]] <br> '''Alkali suboxides.''' Interestingly, the heaviest alkali metals (Rb, Cs) also form a range of [[w:Suboxide#Metal-containing_suboxides|suboxides]], such as Rb<sub>9</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, Rb<sub>6</sub>O, Cs<sub>11</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Cs<sub>4</sub>O, Cs<sub>7</sub>O, Cs<sub>11</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Rb, Cs<sub>11</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Rb<sub>2</sub>, and Cs<sub>11</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Rb<sub>3</sub>, in which the oxide ions are octahedrally coordinated by alkali metals. Stoichiometries that are metal-rich (e.g., Rb<sub>6</sub>O and Cs<sub>7</sub>O) are crystalline intergrowths of these clusters with alkali metals.<ref>Simon, A. ”Group 1 and 2 Suboxides and Subnitrides — Metals with Atomic Size Holes and Tunnels” ''Coord. Chem. Rev.'' 1997, 163, 253–270.[https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-8545(97)00013-1 doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(97)00013-1]</ref> These compounds are potent reducing agents. [[File:Li-air-solidstate.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Schematic of an air-breathing lithium battery]]'''Metal-air batteries.''' The alkali oxides are quite interesting in the context of metal-air batteries because of their potential for extremely high energy storage on a mass basis. Such batteries have alkali metal (typically Li) or Zn anodes and utilize oxygen from the air at the cathode. Although lithium is the lightest and therefore the most energy-dense alkali metal, there are materials problems associated with the formation of Li dendrites when the battery is recharged, and also with the slow kinetics of the four-electron interconversion between O<sub>2</sub>(g) and 2 O<sup>2-</sup> at the cathode. For this reason, superoxide batteries are currently being studied as alternatives. The one-electron cathode reaction O<sub>2</sub> + e<sup>-</sup> = O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> is kinetically fast, and potassium<ref>X. Ren and Y. Wu, "A low-overpotential potassium–oxygen battery based on potassium superoxide," ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'' '''2013''', ''135,'' 2923–2926. [https://doi.org/10.1021/ja312059q DOI:10.1021/ja312059q]</ref> and sodium<ref>P. Hartmann, et al., "A rechargeable room-temperature sodium superoxide (NaO<sub>2</sub>) battery," ''Nature Materials'' '''2012''', ''12,'' 228–232. [https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3486 DOI:10.1038/nmat3486]</ref> represent potentially viable alternatives to lithium for the anode of these air-breathing batteries. Recently, it has been shown that LiO<sub>2</sub> can be kinetically stabilized by template growth on iridium nanoparticles, potentially opening the door to very high energy density lithium-air batteries.<ref>J. Lu et al., "A lithium–oxygen battery based on lithium superoxide," ''Nature'' '''2016''', ''529,'' 377-382. [https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16484 DOI:10.1038/nature16484]</ref> == &#160;&#160;9.11 Lattice energies and solubility== Lattice energies can also help predict compound solubilities. Let's consider a Born-Haber cycle for dissolving a salt in water. We can imagine this as the sum of two processes: (1) the vaporization of the salt to produce gaseous ions, characterized by the lattice enthalpy, and (2) the hydration of those ions to produce the solution. The enthalpy change for the overall process is the sum of those two steps. We know that the entropy change for dissolution of a solid is positive, so the solubility depends on the enthalpy change for the overall process. [[File:LatticeSolubility.png|500px]] Here we need to consider the trends in both the lattice energy E<sub>L</sub> and the hydration energy E<sub>H</sub>. The lattice energy depends on the sum of the anion and cation radii (r<sub>+</sub> + r<sub>-</sub>), whereas the hydration energy has separate anion and cation terms. Generally the solvation of small ions (typically cations) dominates the hydration energy because of the 1/r<sup>2</sup> dependence. <br/> :<math>E_{L} \propto \frac{1}{r_{+}+r_{-}}</math> :<math>E_{H} \propto \frac{1}{r_{+}^{2}}+\frac{1}{r_{-}^{2}}</math> For salts that contain large anions, E<sub>L</sub> doesn't change much as r<sub>+</sub> changes. That is because the anion dominates the r<sub>+</sub> + r<sub>-</sub> term in the denominator of the formula for E<sub>L</sub>. On the other hand, E<sub>H</sub> changes substantially with r<sub>+</sub>, especially for small cations. As a result, sulfate salts of small divalent cations, such as MgSO<sub>4</sub> (epsom salts), are soluble, whereas the lower hydration energy of Ba<sup>2+</sup> in BaSO<sub>4</sub> makes that salt insoluble (K<sub>sp</sub> = 10<sup>-10</sup>). [[File:Solubility depend on ion size.jpg|thumb|left|600px|Left: E<sub>L</sub> diagram for sulfate salts. The large SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> ion is size-mismatched to small cations such as Mg<sup>2+</sup>, which have large hydration energies, resulting soluble salts. With larger cations such as Ba<sup>2+</sup>, which have lower E<sub>H</sub>, the lattice energy exceeds the solvation enthalpy and the salts are insoluble.. Right: In the case of small anions such as F<sup>-</sup> and OH<sup>-</sup>, the lattice energy dominates with small cations such as transition metal ions (TM<sup>n+</sup>), Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and Li<sup>+</sup>. Anion-cation size mismatch occurs with larger cations, such as Cs<sup>+</sup> and Ba<sup>2+</sup>, which make soluble fluoride salts.]] For small anions, E<sub>L</sub> is more sensitive to r<sub>+</sub>, whereas E<sub>H</sub> does not depend on r<sub>+</sub> as strongly. For fluorides and hydroxides, LiF is slightly soluble whereas CsF is very soluble, and Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> is insoluble whereas Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub> is very soluble. <br /> Putting both trends together, we see that '''low solubility''' is most often encountered when the '''anion and cation match well in their sizes''', especially when one or both are '''multiply charged'''. <br> [[File:Barium-sulfate-3D-vdW.png|250px|thumb|Space-filling models showing the van der Waals surfaces of Ba<sup>2+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>. The similarity in size of the two ions contributes to the low solubility of BaSO<sub>4</sub> in water.]] <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> <br /><br /><br /> Combining all our conclusions about solubility, we note the following trends: <br /><br/> 1) Increasing '''size mismatch''' between the anion and cation leads to greater solubility, so CsF and LiI are the most soluble alkali halides. 2) Increasing '''covalency''' leads to lower solubility in the salts (due to larger E<sub>L</sub>. For example, AgF, AgCl, AgBr, and AgI exhibit progressively lower solubility because of increasing covalency. :AgF > AgCl > AgBr > AgI 3) Increasing the '''charge on the anion''' lowers the solubility because the increase in E<sub>L</sub> is large relative to the increase in E<sub>H</sub>. 4) Small, polyvalent cations (having large E<sub>H</sub>) make '''soluble salts with large, univalent anions''' such as I<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, PF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup>, and acetate. <br /> '''Examples:''' Salts of transition metal and lanthanide ions * Ln<sup>3+</sup>: Nitrate salts are soluble, but oxides and hydroxides are insoluble. * Fe<sup>3+</sup>: Perchlorate is soluble, but sulfate is insoluble. 5) Multiple charged anions such as O<sup>2-</sup>, S<sup>2-</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> make insoluble salts with most M<sup>2+</sup>, M<sup>3+</sup>, and M<sup>4+</sup> metals. == &#160;&#160;9.12 Discussion questions== *Explain why lattice energy calculations are very accurate for NaCl and CaCl<sub>2</sub>, but less accurate (by about 10%) for AgCl and PbCl<sub>2</sub>. Does the Born-Mayer equation under- or overestimate the latter values? *Fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen. However, for many transition metals, we can make higher oxidation states in oxides than we can in fluorides. For example, Mn(IV) is stable in an oxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>), but MnF<sub>4</sub> is unstable relative to MnF<sub>3</sub> and fluorine.<ref>K. O. Christe, "Chemical synthesis of elemental fluorine," ''Inorg. Chem.'' '''1986''', ''25,'' 3721–3722. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00241a001 DOI: 10.1021/ic00241a001]</ref> Can you explain this in terms of lattice energies? == &#160;&#160;9.13 Problems== 1. Use lattice energies to explain why MgSO<sub>4</sub> decomposes to magnesium oxide and SO<sub>3</sub> at a much lower temperature than does BaSO<sub>4</sub>. 2. The oxide that forms most readily when sodium metal is oxidized is not Na<sub>2</sub>O, but is instead the peroxide Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which we can formulate as (Na<sup>+</sup>)<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub><sup>2-</sup>). The electronegativity (1.0) and ionic radius (1.14 Å) of the calcium ion are very close to those of sodium (0.9 and 1.16 Å). Would you expect calcium to form the oxide (CaO) or the peroxide (CaO<sub>2</sub>) when it exposed to air? Explain your reasoning. 3. Solid CaO might be formulated as Ca<sup>+</sup>O<sup>-</sup> or Ca<sup>2+</sup>O<sup>2-</sup>. Use the thermochemical data below (some of which are irrelevant) and Kapustinskii's formula to determine which is more stable. The lattice constant for CaO (NaCl structure) is 4.810 Å. While the idea of an O<sup>-</sup> ion might seem strange, note that the second electron affinity of O and the second ionization potential of Ca (in the table below) are both quite endothermic. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Reaction !! ∆H<sup>o</sup>, kJ/mol |- | Ca(s) = Ca(g) || 178 |- | Ca(g) = Ca<sup>+</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> || 590 |- | Ca<sup>+</sup>(g) = Ca<sup>2+</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> || 1,145 |- | O<sub>2</sub>(g) = 2 O(g) || 498 |- | O(g) + e<sup>-</sup> = O<sup>-</sup>(g) || -141 |- | O<sup>-</sup>(g) + e<sup>-</sup> = O<sup>2-</sup>(g) ||790 |} 4. From the heat of formation of solid NH<sub>4</sub>Cl (-315 kJ/mol) and gaseous NH<sub>3</sub> (-46), the bond dissociation energies of H<sub>2</sub> (436) and Cl<sub>2</sub> (244), the ionization potential of atomic hydrogen (1,311), and the electron affinity of atomic chlorine (-349), calculate the gas-phase proton affinity of NH<sub>3</sub>. The lattice energy of NH<sub>4</sub>Cl may be estimated from Kapustinskii's formula using r<sub>N-Cl</sub> = 3.50 Å. 5. Bottles of aqueous ammonia are often labeled “ammonium hydroxide.” We will test this idea by using a lattice energy calculation to determine whether the salt NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>OH<sup>-</sup> can exist. The heats of formation of gaseous OH- and H<sub>2</sub>O are respectively -141 and -242 kJ/mol. Assuming that NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> is about the same size as Rb<sup>+</sup>, and OH<sup>-</sup> about the same size as F<sup>-</sup>, using Kapustinskii's formula, ionic radii, and the NH<sub>3</sub> proton affinity calculated in problem 4, determine whether NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>OH<sup>-</sup> should be a stable salt relative to NH<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O. At what temperature should NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>-</sup> be unstable relative to NH<sub>3</sub> and HCl, if ΔH<sub>f</sub><sup>o</sup> for HCl is -92 kJ/mol and ΔS<sup>o</sup> (NH<sub>4</sub>Cl --> NH<sub>3</sub> + HCl) = 280 J/mol K? 6. Lithium metal burns in nitrogen to make the nitride Li<sub>3</sub>N. The heavier alkali metals (K, Rb, Cs) can form stable azides (MN<sub>3</sub>), but not M<sub>3</sub>N nitrides. Explain why this is so. 7. (a) Do you expect BaSO<sub>4</sub> or MgSO<sub>4</sub> to be more soluble in water? (b) Is LiF more soluble than LiClO<sub>4</sub>? Explain. [[File:Diagrama_de_Pourbaix_del_Arsènic.jpg|500px|right]] 8. Which polymorph of ZnS (zincblende or wurzite) would you expect to be more stable on the basis of electrostatic energy? <br /> 9. Arsenic contamination of ground water is a serious problem in Bangladesh, Chile, Argentina, and other parts of the world including the western United States. Arsenic poisoning been widespread in the Ganges river delta, where tube wells bring contaminated water up from 20-100 meters below the surface. One simple treatment that has been proposed is to precipitate the arsenic by aeration of the well water, which also contains high concentrations of Fe<sup>2+</sup>. Referring to the Pourbaix diagram of arsenic at the right and the Pourbaix diagram of iron in Chapter 4, identify the iron and arsenic species that are present in aerated water at neutral pH. What insoluble compound precipitates to lower the concentration of arsenic? (Hint: which compound would have the largest lattice energy?)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==&#160;&#160;9.14 References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} {{BookCat}} 0b8cou371tsoeva7ikzb3uvvnko161w Mysticism 0 295167 4442373 4351546 2024-10-24T15:42:46Z MarcGarver 134830 /* See also */ 4442373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hildegard von Bingen Liber Divinorum Operum.jpg|thumb|200px]] {{print version}} '''Mysticism is the pursuit of communion with, identity with, or conscious awareness of an ultimate reality, divinity, spiritual truth, or God through direct experience, intuition, instinct or insight. Mysticism usually centers on practices intended to nurture those experiences. (Wikipedia)''' * [[Wikibooks:Collections/Mysticism|Download PDF and book]], [https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/381962 various formats] ==Contents== #[[/What is mysticism?/]] #[[/Mystic theology/]] #[[/Life After Death/]] #[[/Belief and brain research/]] #[[/Prayer/]] #[[/Discussion on mysticism/]] ==See also== {{Wikipedia|Mysticism|Christian mysticism}} *[[v:God/Nils|God (Wikiversity)]] *[[v:Christian mysticism|Christian mysticism (Wikiversity)]] *[[Sufism]] *[[Yoga/Spiritual Almanac]] *[[v:Relaxation_techniques|Relaxation techniques (Wikiversity)]] ==External links== {{Wikiversity|God/Nils/Angel oracle|Angel oracle}} *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mysticism/ Mysticism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)] *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10663b.htm Mysticism (Catholic Encyclopedia )] *[http://www.sacred-texts.com/myst/ sacred-texts Mysticism] {{Shelves|Religious studies}} {{Shelves|Paranormal}} {{Alphabetical|M}} {{status|100%}} pax9jer1ibrzm2xxcmj14tcpykf3tee Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 31-43 - Documents 0 412650 4442397 4436896 2024-10-24T20:59:02Z Refcanimm 3267488 4442397 wikitext text/x-wiki Rules 31-43 are in a section of the rules entitled "documents" and they concern how to provide documents, the language(s) that documents may be in, the process that the Division should follow when it itself wants to provide documents, the criteria that the Division shall use to determine whether to accept documents, how the Division should decide whether or not to accept documents that have been submitted late, how documents may be provided both to the Division and to other parties, the requirement to provide original documents at the hearing, and the process for providing additional documents as evidence after a hearing. In short, these rules 31-43 concern the ''process'' by which a claimant is to submit a document to the Board. For a discussion of what documents a claimant is obliged to submit to the Board, see Rules 3-12 and the summary of those obligations at [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Documents#What documents does a party need to provide when?]] == RPD Rule 31 - How to provide documents == The text of the relevant rules reads: <pre>Documents Form and Language of Documents Documents prepared by party 31 (1) A document prepared for use by a party in a proceeding must be typewritten, in a type not smaller than 12 point, on one or both sides of 216 mm by 279 mm (8 1⁄2 inches x 11 inches) paper. Photocopies (2) Any photocopy provided by a party must be a clear copy of the document photocopied and be on one or both sides of 216 mm by 279 mm (8 1⁄2 inches x 11 inches) paper. List of documents (3) If more than one document is provided, the party must provide a list identifying each of the documents. Consecutively numbered pages (4) A party must consecutively number each page of all the documents provided as if they were one document.</pre> === What is a "document" as the term is used in these rules? === The term "document" is not explicitly defined in these rules. No definition, for instance, is provided in the definitions section of the rules at Rule 1 ([[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Definitions]]). As with any exercise of statutory interpretation in Canada, the proper scope and meaning of the term "document" in these rules will thus emerge by applying Driedger’s modern approach to statutory interpretation, namely that "the words of an Act are to be read in their entire context and in their grammatical and ordinary sense harmoniously with the scheme of the Act, the object of the Act, and the intention of Parliament".<ref>''Bell ExpressVu Limited Partnership v. Rex,'' 2002 SCC 42 (CanLII), [2002] 2 SCR 559, par. 26, <http://canlii.ca/t/51s6#26>, retrieved on 2020-02-02</ref> Doing so, the following principles emerge: * <u>The term "documents" is defined broadly and is not confined to paper documents:</u> When the current version of the RPD Rules were drafted in 2012, they were drafted against the background of the wording of the prior Rule 27 under the 2002 Refugee Protection Division Rules and the caselaw that had interpreted that version of the rules. One such case was ''Cortes v. Canada'', which, when interpreting the previous version of this rule in the 2002 RPD Rules,<ref>''Refugee Protection Division Rules,'' SOR/2002-228, Rule 27.</ref> had endorsed the following broad conception of what a document is within the meaning of the RPD Rules: "The ''Commentaries to the Refugee Protection Division Rules'' provide that “document” includes “any correspondence, memorandum, book, plan, map, drawing, diagram, picture or graphic work, photograph, film, microform, sound recording, videotape, machine‑readable record, and any other documentary material, regardless of physical form or characteristics, and any copy of those documents”".<ref name=":1">''Hernandez Cortes v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2009 FC 583 (CanLII), para. 26.</ref> This interpretation continues to be persuasive, notwithstanding that the ''Commentaries to the Refugee Protection Division Rules'' are no longer made available by the Board. The caselaw applying to the previous rule would therefore appear to continue to be applicable to the updated one, as there was no indication that the 2012 amendments to the rules intended to depart from the previous interpretations and practices. Indeed, decisions under the new rules continue to construe the term "document" broadly, as with the following 2017 Refugee Appeal Division decision which concludes that "documents" include “electronic documents”, as that term is defined in section 31.8 of the ''Canada Evidence Act'' ("''electronic document'' means data that is recorded or stored on any medium in or by a computer system or other similar device and that can be read or perceived by a person or a computer system or other similar device. It includes a display, printout or other output of that data.").<ref>''X (Re),'' 2017 CanLII 56261 (CA IRB), par. 49, <http://canlii.ca/t/h5p78#par49>, retrieved on 2020-08-19.</ref> The ''Interpretation Act'' includes the following definition: "<dfn>writing</dfn>, or any term of like import, includes words printed, typewritten, painted, engraved, lithographed, photographed or represented or reproduced by any mode of representing or reproducing words in visible form. (écrit)".<ref>''Interpretation Act,'' RSC 1985, c I-21, s 35, <<nowiki>https://canlii.ca/t/7vhg#sec35</nowiki>>, retrieved on 2022-08-23.</ref> This definition has been considered in other contexts that have concluded that written documents may include those in electronic format.<ref>''Gagné c. R.,'' 2011 QCCA 2157 (CanLII), <https://canlii.ca/t/fw1r4>.</ref> Furthermore, the Federal Court has held that non-paper sources of evidence, such as DVDs, are admissible before administrative tribunals in other circumstances: ''Grenier v Canada''.<ref>''Grenier v Canada (Attorney General)'', 2013 FC 208 (CanLII) at paras 31, 34-39.</ref> * <u>The term "document" as used in these rules is not limited to documents provided for evidentiary purposes, but also includes other types of documents:</u> Where the term "document" is used in these rules without any qualification, it should apply to all documents, whether or not those documents are evidentiary ones or other types of documents such as written submissions. The term "documents" as used in these rules includes documents ''prepared by a party'' as per Rule 31(1), which sets out the format required for any "document prepared for use by a party in a proceeding". RPD Rule 37 specifies that a "document", as the term is used in these rules, includes "a notice or request in writing". Some of the RPD rules apply only to documents used as evidence (for example Rule 43 applies only where "a party wants to provide a document ''as evidence''", which the courts have held excludes situations where documents are provided for non-evidentiary purposes, such as written submissions (<em>Yared Belay v. Canada</em>, paras. 41-42<ref name=":0" />) and caselaw (''Petrovic v. Canada'', para. 11<ref name=":5" />)). By necessary implication, the fact that other rules do not include this type of limitation on the term "documents" means that those rules apply to all documents submitted (notices, requests, submissions, caselaw, etc.), not simply evidentiary ones. === What is a "proceeding" as the term is used in these rules? === Many of these rules relate to documents used in "a proceeding", for example Rule 31(1) specifies that "a document prepared for use by a party in a proceeding" must meet the specifications set out therein. Are all documents submitted to the Refugee Board by a claimant or protected person (where there is an application to vacate or cease their protection, say) ones that are being used in a proceeding? Generally speaking, that is the case, as discussed in the following commentary below: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Documents#Meaning of "proceeding" in this rule]]. === The evidence to be relied upon should be submitted so that it is part of the tribunal's record === Rule 31(4) provides that a party must consecutively number each page of all of the documents provided as if they were one document. One of the policy implications of this is that documents and evidence relied upon should generally be submitted and placed on the record in numbered pages so that they are available for any appeal or review of the Division's decision and the evidence on the record can be precisely pointed to. The <abbr>RPD</abbr> states in its ''Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' that it will not accept a hyperlink to a document as evidence.<ref name=":20" /> It goes on to explain in a "questions and answers" document on the IRB website that while hyperlinks may be included in document text, the content found at the links will not be considered as evidence.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Questions and answers: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09 <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pnpi-qa.aspx</nowiki>>, at question 27.</ref> This prohibition may be seen to flow from the above requirement that pages be numbered, given that mere hyperlinks to documents would not meet this requirement. This policy may also be justified by the consideration that the Division should not generally accept hyperlinks to evidence given that the content at the hyperlink may change. The Federal Court holds that "citations are not evidence before the Court"<ref>''Sani v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2021 FC 1337 (CanLII), at para 14, <https://canlii.ca/t/jl2k3#par14>, retrieved on 2021-12-17.</ref> and the Division should conclude likewise. The following analysis from ''Iribhogbe v. Canada'' may be considered persuasive: <blockquote>With respect to the website links and excerpts from these webpages, the RAD noted that the Applicant did not provide any documentation as new evidence in his Rule 29 application, as required by the RAD Rules. Instead, he included references to forty (40) Internet web links and select excerpts from webpages. The RAD indicated that any submission of new evidence must be in printed form, not a simple reference to an Internet link. The RAD further indicated that, in the absence of the actual documents containing the excerpts, it was unable to ascertain the publication date of the information to determine if the documents could have been provided with the Applicant’s appeal record.<ref>''Iribhogbe v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2022 FC 501 (CanLII), at para 24, <https://canlii.ca/t/jnm47#par24>, retrieved on 2022-05-12.</ref> </blockquote>Similarly, in ''Urbieta v. Canada'' the RAD noted the RPD could not reasonably be expected to take a claimant's cellphone into evidence and proffering one's cellphone at the hearing is not a substitute for having submitted the documents prior to the hearing as required by the RPD Rules, so that the evidence may be accepted and placed on the record.<ref>''Urbieta v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2022 FC 815 (CanLII), at para 28, <https://canlii.ca/t/jpl5g#par28>, retrieved on 2022-06-27.</ref> === Information that should be included with all documents: file number, hearing date (if applicable) and type of document === The ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' states that all documents provided must have the <abbr>RPD</abbr> File Number, the date of the hearing, if applicable, and the type of document clearly indicated on them.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx</nowiki>>, at 3.1.</ref> == RPD Rule 32 - Language of Documents == <pre>Language of documents — claimant or protected person 32 (1) All documents used by a claimant or protected person in a proceeding must be in English or French or, if in another language, be provided together with an English or French translation and a declaration signed by the translator. Language of Minister’s documents (2) All documents used by the Minister in a proceeding must be in the language of the proceeding or be provided together with a translation in the language of the proceeding and a declaration signed by the translator. Translator’s declaration (3) A translator’s declaration must include translator’s name, the language and dialect, if any, translated and a statement that the translation is accurate.</pre> == Commentary == The following commentary applies to RPD Rules 32(1)-(3) collectively. It is then followed by more specific commentary pertaining to each of the specific subsections of Rule 32. === Where evidence has not been translated in accordance with the rules, the Board may decline to accept it or may assign it low weight === ==== Declining to accept untranslated documents ==== The proper procedure to follow where a claimant attempts to admit documents that are untranslated is ordinarily that followed by RAD Member Normand Leduc when he wrote as follows: "Exhibit P-3 is not translated into English or French and, consequently, I cannot accept it as evidence."<ref>''X (Re),'' 2014 CanLII 15012 (CA IRB), at para 16, <https://canlii.ca/t/g6dp2#par16>, retrieved on 2023-09-28.</ref> This is so as the language of this rule is described as "mandatory", including through its use of the word "must",<ref>''Londono v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2011 CanLII 95605 (CA IRB), para. 17 (interpreting its analogous and identically-worded rule).</ref> and that countervailing considerations such as cost<ref>''Glibchenko v Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness),'' 2014 CanLII 95427 (CA IRB), para. 6.</ref> and time constraints<ref>''X (Re),'' 2013 CanLII 99305 (CA IRB), para. 15.</ref> are not generally valid reasons for non-compliance with the rule that documents be translated. Furthermore, the Federal Court has stated that it is not the tribunal's role to ask an interpreter present in the hearing room, if any, to translate a claimant's narrative: <blockquote>The burden of being ready to proceed at a hearing is on the applicant, not the tribunal. Placing an obligation on the tribunal to ensure that the applicant's PIF is complete is similar to transferring the applicant's burden to the tribunal. The Court feels that the tribunal did not have an obligation to ask the interpreter present in the courtroom to translate the applicant's PIF to correct his deficiencies, as the applicant had suggested. It is the applicant's responsibility to prepare his claim file, and it is not up to the tribunal to fix his deficiencies.<ref>''Singh v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2013 FC 818 (CanLII), at para 27, <https://canlii.ca/t/g0jvf#par27>, retrieved on 2022-03-28.</ref> </blockquote>See RPD Rule 6(3) on the requirement for the Basis of Claim form to have an interpreter's declaration: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Information and Documents to be Provided#RPD Rule 6 - Basis of Claim Form]]. ==== Declining to accept a document that has only been translated in part ==== The above logic applies equally where only a portion of the document has been translated. Member Edward Bosveld of the Refugee Appeal Division concluded that generally, a translation of a document should be complete, not only a selective translation of isolated words in a document on which a party wishes to rely:<blockquote>Here, the Minister has not provided a translation of the Albanian-language wording on the Facebook pages, and yet seeks to rely upon that wording to establish that the Respondent’s father is employed as a XXXX XXXX XXXX, which the Minister argues is not consistent with self-confinement at home. The Respondent disputes this contention, noting that the Minister has only translated selective words, and he disagrees that the words relate to his father’s employment. The Minister has not complied with the requirement to provide a signed translator’s declaration along with the translation of the Albanian words on the Facebook posts. Further, even if such a declaration had been provided, the RAD would still have some difficulty because only a partial translation has been provided. The translation provided does not comply with the Rules, is not complete, and the RAD cannot determine whether it is accurate. The RAD therefore declines to admit the Google translations into evidence.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2014 CanLII 95934 (CA IRB), paras. 14-15.</ref></blockquote>But see ''Islam v. Canada'', in which the Federal Court held that it was unreasonable for the RAD to accord no weight to new evidence on the sole basis that the translated version contains a caption that was absent in the untranslated version. This was so as the caption did not provide any information that was not already present in the translation, and giving weight to the evidence could potentially undermine the conclusion that the agents of persecution were unconnected with the Awami League.<ref>''Islam v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)'' (F.C., No. IMM-6413-20), Zinn, November 21, 2022, 2022 FC 1585.</ref> ==== Accepting untranslated evidence into evidence, but weighing it based on the fact that it is untranslated ==== The Board also has the power to admit such evidence into the record through its power to vary the rules per Rule 70 of the RPD Rules. Doing so and accepting untranslated documents from a claimant in a case where the Minister is not intervening does not generally breach procedural fairness.<ref>''Melay, Fabio Mukendi v. MCI'' (FC, No. IMM-6350-20), Rochester, August 26, 2022, 2022 FC 1230.</ref> Normally such evidence will be assigned little or no weight, though there may be circumstances where more weight can be given to the evidence. For example, in interpreting its analogous rule, the Immigration Appeal Division commented that German-language documents intended to show the extent of the applicant's medical treatment could be accepted into evidence, though given low weight:<blockquote>The appellant provided approximately 72 pages of documents as evidence. The majority of the documents were in the German language. Minister’s counsel objected to admission of those documents on the basis that they did not comply with ''Immigration Appeal Division Rule'' 29(1). The German language documents were not translated into either official language. The appellant explained that the purpose of the documents was to show the extent of his dental treatment. The documents were allowed into evidence but the appellant was advised little or no weight could be attached to them since they were not translated into one of Canada’s official languages.<ref>''Stellbrink v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2013 CanLII 98269 (CA IRB), para. 5.</ref></blockquote>The logic and practicality of admitting such untranslated documents was illustrated by the Immigration Appeal Division, when interpreting its analogous rule, as follows:<blockquote>The appellant provided copies of chat messages for a select period. For the most part, those messages are in a foreign language. Counsel for the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration submitted that the messages should not have been admitted as evidence because they do not conform to ''IAD Rule'' 29(1). The age of smartphones, internet communications and social media creates a dilemma. If a couple is regularly communicating by text, chat messages, Facebook or similar instant messaging, disclosure of all their messages would bog down hearings with mountains of paper. The cost of translation would be prohibitive. On the other hand, providing the messages without translation limits their probative value. Providing only a sample may lead to the inference that the remaining messages contain evidence adverse to the appellant’s case. There is no easy solution. The appellant has attempted to overcome the problem by providing a statutory declaration explaining the evidence. That is of some assistance. I give the evidence some weight, but the weight I give is reduced by the fact that the messages are in a foreign language.<ref name=":9">''Zhao v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2017 CanLII 57822 (CA IRB), para. 9.</ref></blockquote>See also ''Elias v. Canada'', in which the Federal Court commented on an IAD decision that had discounted evidence on the basis that it was untranslated. The court commented that the fact that the evidence was untranslated was not relevant to its probative value, as follows:<blockquote>The IAD found that there was insufficient evidence that Ms. Elias and Mr. Baiade are in frequent communication. Yet, the record contains about 50 pages of screen shots showing communications by WhatsApp or other phone and messaging applications, apparently in 2015 and 2019. The IAD discounted this evidence because it was in Arabic and not translated. Yet, what is relevant is the frequency of communication, not its contents. ... While these issues may not independently render the IAD’s decision unreasonable, they further erode its reasonableness.<ref>''Elias v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2022 FC 252 (CanLII), at para 23, <https://canlii.ca/t/jml60#par23>, retrieved on 2022-03-31.</ref></blockquote>When considering this case, it should be noted that the IAD's equivalent rule, IAD Rule 29, is very similar to the above RPD Rule ("All documents used at a proceeding by a person who is the subject of an appeal must be in English or French or, if in another language, be provided with an English or French translation and a translator’s declaration").<ref>Immigration Appeal Division Rules, SOR/2002-230, s 29, <https://canlii.ca/t/7xss#sec29>, retrieved on 2022-03-31.</ref> === This translation requirement applies to video and audio evidence submitted to the Board, which must also be transcribed === Claimants regularly submit audio and video evidence to the Board. It must be transcribed and that transcription should then be translated into English or French. The Federal Court confirmed this in ''Cortes v. Canada'' when interpreting the previous version of this rule:<blockquote>Rule 28 provides that “[a]ll documents used at a proceeding must be in English or French or, if in another language, be provided with an English or French translation and a translator’s declaration”. Moreover, the ''Commentaries to the Refugee Protection Division Rules'' provide that “document” includes “any correspondence, memorandum, book, plan, map, drawing, diagram, picture or graphic work, photograph, film, microform, sound recording, videotape, machine‑readable record, and any other documentary material, regardless of physical form or characteristics, and any copy of those documents”. Here, the DVD is a “document” that was not translated as required by the Rules. The panel was therefore entitled to attach no probative value to it.<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>The Refugee Protection Division has confirmed that the same reasoning applies to audiovisual and other evidence submitted under the current version of the RPD Rules.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2014 CanLII 93295 (CA IRB), para. 34.</ref> The guidebook ''Refugee Hearing Preparation: A Guide for Refugee Claimants'' from ''refugeeclaim.ca'' under the question "Do videos, websites, or other electronic documents need to be translated?" states that "Yes! All evidence that you obtain must be translated into English or French. Videos must be transcribed." This reflects the best, and usual, practice. == RPD Rule 32(1) - Language of claimant or protected person's documents == <pre>Language of documents — claimant or protected person 32 (1) All documents used by a claimant or protected person in a proceeding must be in English or French or, if in another language, be provided together with an English or French translation and a declaration signed by the translator.</pre> === This rule applies to documents used by a claimant or protected person in a proceeding, not to all documents provided=== Claimants are obliged to provide all relevant documents in their possession at the time that they provide their BOC Form. These documents need not be translated: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Information and Documents to be Provided#Documents attached to the BOC form need not be translated at the time that they are attached]]. In contrast, documents provided at a later time must be translated since the only reason for their provision is that the claimant intends to rely upon them at the hearing, and hence they are to be "used" within the meaning of Rule 32(1). === Claimants need not provide documents in the language of the proceeding, only in English or French=== Claimants elect a language for their proceeding, either English or French. That said, per Rule 32(1), they are not limited to submitting documents in that language. Unlike the Rule for the Minister at 32(2), claimants are solely required to provide their documents in English or French (or, for documents in another language, with a translation into either English or French), regardless of what the language of the proceeding is. RAD Member Douglas Fortney commented on this issue as follows: <blockquote>In this case where the RPD member could not understand a document provided in French, the correct procedure would have been to have accepted the document into evidence and if necessary obtain an English language translation. Alternatively, it could have been considered to have obtained the services of a French – English interpreter who could have assisted in understanding the contents of the document at the RPD hearing.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2016 CanLII 107659 (CA IRB), para. 27.</ref> </blockquote>This is reinforced by the IRB ''Policy Statement on Official Languages and the Principle of the Substantive Equality of English and French'', which states that "All persons in the hearing room are free to speak the official language of their choice, including counsel for the subject of the proceeding. At the request of any party to the proceeding, the IRB will make arrangements to provide interpretation from one official language to the other, taking into consideration third language interpretation may also be required for the case."<ref name=":7">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Policy Statement on Official Languages and the Principle of the Substantive Equality of English and French'', Date modified: 2018-07-03 <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Pages/pnnpollo.aspx> (Accessed January 22, 2020).</ref> This has legislative support in section 14 of the ''Official Languages Act'', which provides:<blockquote>''Official languages of federal courts<br/>'''''14)''' English and French are the official languages of the federal courts, and either of those languages may be used by any person in, or in any pleading in or process issuing from, any federal court.<ref>Official Languages Act, RSC 1985, c 31 (4th Supp), s 14 <<nowiki>http://canlii.ca/t/530sl#sec14</nowiki>> retrieved on 2020-01-25.</ref></blockquote>The Board is considered to be a "federal court" based on the way that term is defined in the Official Languages Act and is thus bound by this provision: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Decisions#In what language or languages must the reasons for decisions be made available where they are publicly released?]] As such, a claimant may provide documents (be they letters, correspondence, submissions, notices, or other evidentiary or non-evidentiary documents - see the broad definition of what is considered to be a "document" above [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Documents#Rule 31 - How to provide documents]]) provided that they meet the Rule 32 requirements regarding language. === What should a claimant do if they cannot afford to translate all of their documents? === Claimants are responsible for absorbing the cost of translating all written materials into either French or English.<ref>Jennifer Bond & David Wiseman, ''Imperfect Evidence and Uncertain Justice: An Exploratory Study of Access to Justice Issues in Canada's Asylum System,'' 53 U.B.C. L. Rev. 1 (2020), page 8.</ref> At times, claimants cannot afford to translate all of their documents. This may come up where a claimant is unrepresented (and thus does not have access to a translation budget from Legal Aid), where a claimant has sufficient means to afford private counsel but nonetheless is not able to afford having all of their documents translated because the documents are particularly voluminous, and where a claimant is entitled to legal aid but the translation budget provided by legal aid has been insufficient in the context of the case. In such a situation the claimant should advise the Division of the situation and be able to show that they took all reasonable steps to have the documents translated: *<u>Advise the Division in writing of the existence of the additional documents and the cost issue preventing them from being translated:</u> The guidebook ''Refugee Hearing Preparation: A Guide for Refugee Claimants'' from ''refugeeclaim.ca'' recommends that a claimant "Tell the [RPD] in writing that you have other documents that you could not afford to translate."<ref>Kinbrace Community Society, ''Refugee Hearing Preparation: A Guide for Refugee Claimants,'' 2019 Version, <<nowiki>https://refugeeclaim.ca/wp-content/themes/refugeeclaim/library/guide/rhpg-vancouver-en.pdf</nowiki>>, page 17 (accessed January 17, 2020).</ref> *<u>Seek out a friend, volunteer, family member, etc. to translate the documents:</u> The claimant should be prepared to show that they made reasonable efforts to have the documents translated. The rules do not require that the translation be done by a professional: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Documents#The translator need not supply an affidavit, be accredited, be fluent in both languages, or be completely independent]]. *<u>Apply to legal aid (for additional funds for translation):</u> For example, the BC Legal Services Society pre-authorizes translation costs of up to $361 (1,900 words) for each immigration representation contract.<ref>Legal Services Society, ''Disbursements Tariff'', November 2017 <https://legalaid.bc.ca/sites/default/files/2019-03/disbursementsNov2017.pdf> (Accessed February 2, 2020), page 8.</ref> Counsel may apply for authorization to translate additional documents in particular cases. Similarly, in Ontario, lawyers with RPD certificates from Legal Aid can bill Legal Aid online for translation of up to 3500 words. For documents longer than 3500 words, lawyers can submit a request for additional disbursements for translation.<ref>Legal Aid Ontario, News Release, "New Translation Disbursement for Refugee Certificates" (29 May 2015), online: <http://legalaid.on.ca/en/news/newsarchive/1505-29&#x20;translationdisbursement.asp>.</ref> Furthermore, the claimant should consider alternative ways to put the information in question in front of the Member: *<u>Translate the most important documents:</u> Instructions to claimants in public documents such as the guidebook ''Refugee Hearing Preparation: A Guide for Refugee Claimants'' from ''refugeeclaim.ca'' are that "Translation can be very expensive. If you can’t afford to translate everything, choose the most important documents."<ref name=":3" /> *<u>Have only portions of the documents translated:</u> As a half-way measure, the claimant may attempt to have the most important or relevant portions of the documents translated. But see [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Documents#Declining to accept evidence that has only been translated in part]] regarding the Division's discretion to decline to admit such evidence where, for instance, the partial translation properly reduces the weight that can be attached to the document. *<u>Make the untranslated documents available at the hearing, including for spot translation:</u> The guidebook ''Refugee Hearing Preparation: A Guide for Refugee Claimants'' from ''refugeeclaim.ca'' recommends that a claimant "Take [the untranslated documents] to the hearing and explain to the Presiding Member what the documents show."<ref name=":3">Kinbrace Community Society, ''Refugee Hearing Preparation: A Guide for Refugee Claimants,'' 2019 Version, <https://refugeeclaim.ca/wp-content/themes/refugeeclaim/library/guide/rhpg-vancouver-en.pdf>, page 29 (accessed January 17, 2020).</ref> The Member would then have the discretion to ask the interpreter to spot-translate portions of the documents: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Interpreters#Can an interpreter be asked to translate documents?]] *<u>Provide a statutory declaration or testimony under oath about the contents of the untranslated documents:</u> The Board has the power to waive the rules and admit the untranslated documents into evidence for the purposes of the record (albeit potentially assigning them less weight because of the lack of a translation). For example, the Immigration Appeal Division did just this when interpreting its analogous rule, commenting as follows: <blockquote>The appellant provided copies of chat messages for a select period. For the most part, those messages are in a foreign language. Counsel for the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration submitted that the messages should not have been admitted as evidence because they do not conform to ''IAD Rule'' 29(1). The age of smartphones, internet communications and social media creates a dilemma. If a couple is regularly communicating by text, chat messages, Facebook or similar instant messaging, disclosure of all their messages would bog down hearings with mountains of paper. The cost of translation would be prohibitive. On the other hand, providing the messages without translation limits their probative value. Providing only a sample may lead to the inference that the remaining messages contain evidence adverse to the appellant’s case. There is no easy solution. The appellant has attempted to overcome the problem by providing a statutory declaration explaining the evidence. That is of some assistance. I give the evidence some weight, but the weight I give is reduced by the fact that the messages are in a foreign language.<ref name=":9" /></blockquote>Finally, the claimant should consider that except for documents that were in their possession at the time that they completed their BOC form, and documents travel and identity documents that they acquire after that time, the rules do not strictly require the claimant to submit all relevant documents in their possession. Instead, the claimant need only submit the documents on which they wish to rely in order to make their case and the claimant must take all reasonable steps to corroborate their claim in the circumstances; see commentary to Rule 34: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Documents#What documents does a party need to provide when?]]. As such, if the rules do not require the evidence in question to be submitted to the tribunal, then the claimant may consider whether they wish to rely on the information and whether the same information may be adduced in another way, such as through witness testimony. === The Board is not obliged to pay for the translation of documents where a claimant cannot afford to do so=== The instructions on the Basis of Claim form are "Include certified translations in English or French for all documents in a language other than English or French. You must pay for these translations yourself."<ref name=":6">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Basis of Claim Form'', November 2012 Version <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/forms/Documents/RpdSpr0201_e.pdf>, page 2.</ref> The Refugee Appeal Division has held that "the responsibility to provide translations for documents in a foreign language rests with the party using the documents, in this case, the claimant." They went on to note that "the fact that the Board can and sometimes does translate documents that the Board intends to use as evidence is not relevant to the decision of the RPD. The RPD Rules clearly require the “user” (claimant in this case) to provide translations of foreign language documents. The claimant (the Appellant) failed to do so and therefore failed to comply with the rules."<ref>''X (Re),'' 2017 CanLII 144401 (CA IRB), para. 10.</ref> === Procedural fairness considerations where a claimant's untranslated documents are not accepted === The above list of possible actions by a claimant concerns circumstances where the claimant has made reasonable efforts to have documents translated and has been unable to do so because of cost. There are other reasons why a claimant may appear at a hearing with untranslated documents, including where they state that they did not know that the documents needed to be translated. Where a claimant's untranslated documents are not accepted, panels of the Division have attempted to accommodate persons, particularly unrepresented claimants, in a number of ways, including by allowing the party to testify to the matters discussed in the documents as an alternative way of adducing the evidence in question (see ''Huang v Canada'')<ref>''Huang v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2013 CanLII 98247 (CA IRB), para. 5.</ref> and by allowing the party to submit proper translations of the documents in question post-hearing (though the court has held that the Board need not do so as a matter of procedural fairness, even where a claimant is unrepresented, though this conclusion will likely depend on the probative value of the document in question, see ''Soares v. Canada'').<ref>''Da Costa Soares v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2007 FC 190 (CanLII), paras. 15-25.</ref> == RPD Rule 32(2) - Language of Minister's documents == <pre>Language of Minister’s documents (2) All documents used by the Minister in a proceeding must be in the language of the proceeding or be provided together with a translation in the language of the proceeding and a declaration signed by the translator.</pre> === The requirement for a declaration signed by the translator is waived if the document is provided to the RPD electronically=== The ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' states that this requirement for a signature is waived if the document is provided electronically, such as by email, Connect or the My Case portal. The requirement to sign these documents is not waived if they are provided by mail, courier, fax, or in-person delivery. Furthermore, all documents must be dated, even if submitted electronically.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx</nowiki>>, at 3.2.</ref> === The Minister must use the language of the proceeding in oral and written pleadings=== As per Rule 32(2), all documents used by the Minister in a proceeding must be in the language of the proceeding (or be provided together with a translation). A question may arise about the proper scope of the terms "documents" and "proceeding" in the above rule. For example, if a Minister provides a notice of intervention, is it a "document" being used in a "proceeding"? ==== Meaning of "documents" in this rule ==== One argument that has been advanced is that the term "documents" as used in this rule only includes documents as evidence, not notices from the Minister. This argument is best rejected based on the observations and citations provided in the section on the definition of "document" above: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Documents#What is a "document" as the term is used in these rules?]]. ==== Meaning of "proceeding" in this rule ==== As per Rule 32(2), all documents used by the Minister in a proceeding must be in the language of the proceeding (or be provided together with a translation). At times, the argument has been advanced that documents such as a notice of intervention are not being used in a proceeding at the time that they are supplied since "proceeding" is defined in Rule 1 as follows: "proceeding includes a conference, an application or a hearing". Instead, rather than being supplied for use in any one of those listed proceedings, the argument is that it is being supplied for notification purposes. Such semantic quibbling is best avoided and this argument should be rejected for the following reasons: * As the Board states in its ''Policy Statement on Official Languages and the Principle of the Substantive Equality of English and French'', "language rights must generally be given a broad and liberal interpretation".<ref name=":7" /> * The definition of a proceeding in Rule 1 "includes" the listed procedures, but does not indicate that it is limited to them. The RPD Rules are subordinate to the Act, which in s. 170 contemplates a broad and expansive conception of what a Refugee Protection Division "proceeding" is, including that a file-review decision made without any hearing being held is something that happens within a proceeding (s. 170(f)) and that the Board's provision of notice of the hearing to the Minister is also something that happens in a proceeding (s. 170(c)). If notifying the Minister of the hearing is something that happens "in a[] proceeding", then it is hard to see why the Minister's notifications should not similarly be considered to have been provided for use "in a proceeding".<ref>''Immigration and Refugee Protection Act'', SC 2001, c 27, s 170 <<nowiki>http://canlii.ca/t/53z6t#sec170</nowiki>> retrieved on 2020-02-01.</ref> Furthermore, in ''Duale v. Canada'' the court commented that "proceedings" as used in section 167 of the Act encompass more than the actual hearing before the RPD. Thus, subsection 168(1) allows a division to determine that "a proceeding" before it has been abandoned for such pre-hearing matters as failing to provide required information or failing to communicate with the division as required.<ref name=":02">''Duale v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2004 FC 150 (CanLII), par. 5, <http://canlii.ca/t/1gcff#5>, retrieved on 2020-01-27</ref> See the discussion of the interpretation of the term "proceeding" in the Act at: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Definitions#Commentary on the definition of "proceeding"]]. * Furthermore, Ministerial intervention notices must include the details required by Rule 29, and where they do not, the proper remedy is that the notice of intervention will not be accepted.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2016 CanLII 62221 (CA IRB), <<nowiki>https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/irb/doc/2016/2016canlii62221/2016canlii62221.html</nowiki>>.</ref> It is clear that the Minister provides a notice of intervention so that it can rely on it ''at the hearing'' as proof that it has complied with the rules requiring such notification. * Finally, the purpose of such notices has been described as follows: "[Rule 29(2)(a)] exists to compel the Minister to provide notice to the claimant why they have decided to intervene in his or her claim. It is to provide the claimant with fore-knowledge of the concerns the Minister has with the claim, so as to allow the claimant to prepare a response to these concerns. It is an issue of procedural fairness."<ref>''X (Re),'' 2016 CanLII 62221 (CA IRB), para. 15.</ref> If this notice were not provided in the language of the proceedings, then the purpose of providing this specific advance information to the claimant about the Minister's concerns could be frustrated. ==== Ministerial obligations pursuant to ''Official Languages Act'' ==== Finally, the better view of this question is that the Minister is under a legal obligation to provide all documents, including pleadings and other procedural documents, in the language of the proceeding and that this obligation stems from the ''Official Languages Act'', which is considered a quasi-constitutional statute.<ref>''Canada (Attorney General) v. Viola'', [1991] 1 F.C. 373, at page 386.</ref> The ''Official Languages Act'' provides that where a federal institution is a party to civil proceedings is shall use the language chosen by the other parties in any oral or written pleadings, except in narrow exceptional circumstances:<blockquote><u>Language of civil proceedings where Her Majesty is a party</u> '''18''' Where Her Majesty in right of Canada or a federal institution is a party to civil proceedings before a federal court, (a) Her Majesty or the institution concerned shall use, in any oral or written pleadings in the proceedings, the official language chosen by the other parties unless it is established by Her Majesty or the institution that reasonable notice of the language chosen has not been given; and (b) if the other parties fail to choose or agree on the official language to be used in those pleadings, Her Majesty or the institution concerned shall use such official language as is reasonable, having regard to the circumstances.<ref>Official Languages Act, RSC 1985, c 31 (4th Supp), s 18 <http://canlii.ca/t/530sl#sec18> retrieved on 2020-01-25.</ref></blockquote>While there does not appear to be judicial consideration on point, it is arguable that this provision applies to delegates of the Minister from IRCC and PSEP where they intervene in matters before the Board. Such proceedings are "before a federal court", which is defined in s. 3(2) of the ''Official Languages Act'' as "any court, tribunal or other body that carries out adjudicative functions and is established by or pursuant to an Act of Parliament." The Federal Court of Appeal concluded that the IRB meets this definition in ''Devinat v. Canada''.<ref>''Devinat v. Canada (Immigration and Refugee Board),'' 1999 CanLII 9386 (FCA), [2000] 2 FC 212, par. 57, <<nowiki>http://canlii.ca/t/4ll0#57</nowiki>>, retrieved on 2020-01-25</ref> Furthermore, the participation of the Minister's delegates in Board proceedings would appear to constitute a circumstance in which a "federal institution" has become party to proceedings. A "federal institution" is defined broadly in the ''Official Languages Act,'' it not only includes the Department of Citizenship and Immigration and the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness (based on the definitions of "federal institution" and "department" in s. 3 of the Act), but it also includes "any other body that is specified by an Act of Parliament to be an agent of Her Majesty in right of Canada or to be subject to the direction of the Governor in Council or a minister of the Crown", which would presumably include a Minister's delegate under the IRPA whose powers are derived from s. 6 of the Act which provides, ''inter alia'', that "The Minister may designate any persons or class of persons as officers to carry out any purpose of any provision of this Act, and shall specify the powers and duties of the officers so designated".<ref>''Immigration and Refugee Protection Act,'' SC 2001, c 27, s 6 <http://canlii.ca/t/53z6t#sec6> retrieved on 2020-01-31.</ref> === If the claimant switches languages from French to English, or vice versa, the Minister must provide translations of their documents they intend to use === ==== Practice under the previous version of the RPD rules was that such documents did not need to be translated ==== Under the previous 2002 version of the rules, the wording of the predecessor rule to Rule 32(2) was interpreted as not requiring the Minister to provide translations of documents where the claimant subsequently switched the language of proceedings. For example, if the claimant elected to proceed in French and the Minister gave the claimant a document in French, and the claimant then subsequently decided that they instead preferred to proceed in English, the Minister was not obliged to provide a new translation of the document into English, but could instead rely on the previously disclosed document. The key question was whether the document was provided to the claimant in the language of proceedings at the time that it was sent. This question was dealt with by the Federal Court in ''Blanco v. Canada'', a case that concerned the previous version of the rules at the Immigration Division, which tracked the wording in the RPD Rule. In that case, the person concerned commenced his proceedings in English. The claimant then secured new, French-speaking, counsel. The Board then approved the claimant's application to change the language of the proceedings to French. At the same time, both the panel and the Minister refused to provide French translations of the documents that the Minister had previously sent to the applicant's former counsel in English. The claimant argued at the hearing that the panel could not legally enter into evidence documents that were in English and had not been translated into French prior to the hearing. The Federal Court rejected this argument on the basis that "It is clear that when the documents in question were provided by the respondents, the language of the proceedings was English, precluding the need for a French translation."<ref>''Bolanos Blanco v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2010 FC 280 (CanLII), paras. 12-20.</ref> This interpretation appears to turn on the then-extant Immigration Division rule which stipulated that "If the Minister <u>provides</u> a document that is not in the language of the proceedings, the Minister must provide a translation and a translator’s declaration. <u>[emphasis added]</u>" On the basis that the rule in question provided that the trigger for translation is the language of proceedings at the time that the document is provided, the court concluded that the documents could properly be entered as evidence in the hearing. ==== Changes to this provision in the 2012 RPD Rules now require that the document be in the language of proceedings at the time of its use ==== The Board's practice that was highlighted in the ''Blanco'' decision (above) was stridently criticized by members of the House of Commons Official Languages Committee.<ref>Official Languages Committee on Dec. 16th, 2010, House of Commons Hansard <https://openparliament.ca/committees/official-languages/40-3/39/sylvia-cox-duquette-1/>.</ref> The Official Languages Commissioner subsequently requested that the Board make changes to the RPD Rules regarding the rules about the language of RPD proceedings. One of the goals for the new RPD Rules, as identified by the Board, was to "address [these] recommendations of the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages (OCOL)".<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''RPD Rules Regulatory Impact Analysis Statement,'' Date modified: 2018-07-04, Accessed January 3, 2020 <<nowiki>https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/act-rules-regulations/Pages/RiasReir.aspx</nowiki>>.</ref> The wording of the new (and current) Rule 32(2) requires that "all documents <u>used by the Minister</u> in a proceeding must be in the language of the proceeding or be provided together with a translation in the language of the proceeding and a declaration signed by the translator <u>[emphasis added]</u>". This is a departure from the previous wording of this Rule under the 2002 version of these rules, which read: "If the Minister <u>provides a document</u> that is not in the language of the proceedings, the Minister must provide a translation in that language and a translator’s declaration."<ref>''Refugee Protection Division Rules,'' SOR/2002-228, Rule 28(2).</ref> The fact that the rule focuses on the ''use'' of the documents appears to indicate that under the new rules, the circumstances in ''Blanco v. Canada'' would not recur because the Minister would be obliged to provide translations of any documents that they had previously provided should they want to continue to rely on them''.'' == RPD Rule 32(3) - Language of documents - Requirement for a translator's declaration== <pre>Translator’s declaration (3) A translator’s declaration must include translator’s name, the language and dialect, if any, translated and a statement that the translation is accurate.</pre> === What are the requirements for the translator's declaration for documents?=== Translated document should meet the following requirements: * <u>A copy of the original-language document should be provided in addition to the translation:</u> Rules 32(1), 32(2), and 32(3), read conjointly, require that a copy of the original document in the original language be submitted as well as a translation of it. * <u>The translator's declaration must meet each of the requirements enumerated in Rule 32(3):</u> The translator's declaration should be in the following form: "A translator’s declaration must include the translator’s name, the language and dialect, if any, translated and a statement that the translation is accurate." * <u>The translator's declaration should be signed:</u> The instructions in the Basis of Claim form regarding document translation are that a claimant is to "Include certified translations in English or French for all documents in a language other than English or French."<ref name=":6" /> As explained on the Basis of Claim form, this requirement that the translations be "certified" will be met where any documents provided are accompanied by a translator's declaration that meets the requirements of Rule 32(3) ("A translator’s declaration must include translator’s name, the language and dialect, if any, translated and a statement that the translation is accurate") plus the statement is signed by the translator.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Basis of Claim Form'', November 2012 Version <<nowiki>https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/forms/Documents/RpdSpr0201_e.pdf</nowiki>>, Appendix - Pages 1-2.</ref> However, the ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' waives this requirement for a signature if the declaration is submitted electronically.<ref name=":19">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx</nowiki>>, at 3.2.</ref> * <u>The translation statement should be dated:</u> The ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' has a section which discusses an interpreter's or translator's declaration, which provides that all such documents must be dated, even if submitted electronically.<ref name=":19" /> * <u>The translator should have some independence from the claimant:</u> As a best practice, the translator is to have a certain degree of independence from the claimant. **''Counsel on record for the case should not act as the translator:'' The RPD states to claimants: "Your counsel [] cannot translate your documents."<ref name=":20">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Questions and answers: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09 <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pnpi-qa.aspx>, at question 10.</ref> The Refugee Protection Division has held that "acting as both a representative and an interpreter may create a conflict of interest."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board, ''Reasons and Decision – Fatemeh Shahin,'' January 12, 2024, <https://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/decisions/Pages/fatemeh-shahin.aspx>.</ref> Counsel themselves should not act as the translator because, should any issues arise as to the accuracy of the translation in question, then they could be called as a witness. While that can occur (e.g. cases in other legal contexts have held that "while it is highly undesirable for counsel to wear the cloak of both advocate and witness, the client has the right to have his counsel testify as a witness"<ref>''Insurance Corp. of British Columbia v. Suska,'' 2007 BCSC 1838.</ref>) it raises questions about potential conflicts of interest and logistical hurdles. However, as the court accepted in ''Grandmont v. Canada'', a person working in-house at the law firm the claimant has selected may be considered acceptable to translate documents.<ref name=":4" /> ** ''The claimant themselves, and close family members thereto, should not act as the translator:'' The RPD states to claimants: "You are not allowed to translate documents on your own."<ref name=":20" /> When interpreting its similar rule, the Immigration Appeal Division has also rejected documents in on the basis of its concern that, ''inter alia'', the documents were "not fully translated by an independent translator".<ref>''Huang v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2012 CanLII 46522 (CA IRB), para. 19.</ref> The basis for this independence requirement in the rules appears to be somewhat scant, but arguably arises as a matter of the weight that the Board should attach to the evidence - particularly if any other credibility issues regarding the person doing the translating were to emerge at the hearing. This aspect of independence is also emphasized by public explanations of the refugee claim process, including Kinbrace Community Society's ''Refugee Hearing Preparation: A Guide for Refugee Claimants'' which notes that it is best that the translator not be a relative: "Certified translators are best, but not required. If you cannot pay for a professional translator, you can have someone else you trust (preferably not a relative) translate your documents for you."<ref name=":3" /> === Where the document does not contain a translator's declaration in the appropriate form, it should generally not be admitted=== Where the requirement for a translator's declaration has not been complied with, the proper process is generally that the document should not be admitted. For example, the RAD has commented as follows:<blockquote>Although there is an English translation of these documents, there is no [translator's declaration] attached to them, as is required.... The RAD, therefore, cannot ascertain that these documents have been properly translated from Chinese into English. The RAD therefore cannot accept these documents[.]<ref>''X (Re),'' 2016 CanLII 151861 (CA IRB), para. 10.</ref></blockquote>In the words of the Federal Court in ''Gorgulu v. Canada'', "unless there is confirmation that the translation is accurate, the information in the English document is simply irrelevant because the necessary nexus to the original document is missing. ... Standing on their own, the English documents have no evidentiary value.  In the absence of an attestation from the translator that the documents in English are accurate translations of the original documents, there is no basis for the decision maker to consider the English documents.  They are simply irrelevant."<ref>''Gorgulu v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 23 (CanLII), at paras 35 and 49, <https://canlii.ca/t/jtsr9#par49>, retrieved on 2023-07-03.</ref><br /> <p>Parties sometimes attempt to adduce evidence that has been translated through automated systems such as Google Translate. It should generally not be admitted into evidence on the basis that no Rule 32(3) translator's declaration has been provided for such evidence. On the basis that "The Board cannot determine whether it is accurate", the Refugee Appeal Division has declined to admit such Google translations into evidence, including when provided by the Minister.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2014 CanLII 95934 (CA IRB), para. 15.</ref> Members of the RPD have done likewise.<ref>X (Re), 2013 CanLII 99162 (CA IRB), <https://canlii.ca/t/gjqrz>, at paragraph 26.</ref> The Refugee Protection Division specifically issued a practice notice on this point entitled ''Refugee Protection Division Practice Notice: Compliance with Refugee Protection Division Rules'' which commented on Google translations as follows:<blockquote>The RPD frequently receives documents that have not been translated, or have been translated but are not accompanied by a translator’s declaration. Sometimes these documents have been translated by a web-based tool, such as Google Translate. Such translations do not comply with RPD Rule 32, cause delays to the proceedings and may not be accepted by the presiding member.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division Practice Notice: Compliance with Refugee Protection Division Rules'', Effective date: December 8, 2014 <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/AviPraNotRpdSprComRulResReg.aspx> (Accessed January 25, 2020).</ref></blockquote>In 2024 the above practice notice was replaced with the ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'', which states:<blockquote><u>3.5 Translation of documents</u>Documents that are not in either French or English must be accompanied by a translation into French or English. Translations must be completed by a human translator who provides a declaration that the translation is accurate. Using web-based tools such as Google Translate or other software to translate documents does not comply with RPD Rule 32.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx>, at 3.5.</ref></p></blockquote>But see ''Gorgulu v. Canada'', in which an applicant had submitted documents without a translator's declaration, and the court concluded that the decision maker was unreasonable in excluding the evidence without having first alerted the applicant to the missing certifications.<ref>''Gorgulu v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 23 (CanLII), at para 50, <https://canlii.ca/t/jtsr9#par50>, retrieved on 2023-07-03.</ref> In that case the court found that "a reasonable decision maker would conclude that the absence of a certification as to the accuracy of the translations was likely due to an oversight on the part of the translator and/or the lawyer who submitted the documents."<ref>''Gorgulu v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 23 (CanLII), at para 51, <https://canlii.ca/t/jtsr9#par51>, retrieved on 2023-07-03.</ref> === The translator need not supply an affidavit, be accredited, be fluent in both languages, or be completely independent === Provided that this is done, a translator's declaration need not comply with other requirements that are not found in the rules: *<u>Statement from translator need not be an affidavit:</u> For example, the translator's statement need not be in the form of an affidavit; the Immigration Appeal Division reached this conclusion when interpreting its similar rule: "The panel does not share the respondent’s concern with the Certificate of Translation that accompanied the disclosure. While not in the form of an affidavit, the Rule does not require one".<ref>''Yeung v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2010 CanLII 80130 (CA IRB), para. 8.</ref> *<u>Translator need not be "accredited":</u> There are many bodies that accredit translators and interpreters, from the Board itself to professional organizations like the ''Society of Translators and Interpreters of British Columbia''.<ref>For more information see Society of Translators and Interpreters of British Columbia, www.stibc.org.</ref> While using an accredited translator may be a good idea, it is not a requirement of the rules. The Immigration Appeal Division reached this conclusion when interpreting its similar rule: "The Minister’s counsel submitted that the translations ... do not constitute credible evidence because they were not done by accredited translators.... The panel is of the opinion that the documents submitted by the appellant showing the exchanges between the parties ... can be taken into account by the panel, even though they were not written by accredited translators".<ref name=":4">''Grandmont v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2010 CanLII 97579 (CA IRB), para. 43.</ref> *<u>The translator need not be fluent in both languages:</u> The requirement in the rules is solely that the translator provide a "statement that the translation is accurate," nothing more. The University of Ottawa Refugee Assistance Project has a Hearing Preparation Kit which discusses the level of proficiency the translator must have in the languages in question. That kit includes sample translator's declarations, both where the translator is fully fluent in both languages, and one for where the translator is not. They indicate that an acceptable declaration to be used where the translator is not fully fluent in both languages is as follows: "I, ____(name_______, of the City of ____(location)_____, hereby certify that I have translated this Marriage Certificate from ____(original language)___ to English, and that I am partially competent to render such translation, being partially fluent in the ____(original language)___ and English languages. A fully competent translator was not available."<ref>University of Ottawa Refugee Assistance Project, ''UORAP Hearing Preparation Kit'', ''Guide 3: Preparing Evidence for your Hearing'' <https://www.fcjrefugeecentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/hearing_preparation_kit.pdf>, page 14.</ref> That said, a party may use a non-fluent translator at their peril: the court notes that parties appearing before the RPD or the RAD are responsible for providing certified translations of their own documents that are in a language other than English or French and the Division need not be attuned to the possibility of there being a translation error in a document a party has submitted.<ref>''Gutierrez Medina v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 591 (CanLII), at para 27, <https://canlii.ca/t/jwvb2#par27>, retrieved on 2023-07-06.</ref> *<u>Translator need not be completely independent from the claimant:</u> As discussed above, the translator is to have a certain degree of independence from the claimant, but the degree of independence required is not high. The RPD states to claimants: "You are not allowed to translate documents on your own. Your counsel also cannot translate your documents."<ref name=":20" /> This aspect of independence is also emphasized by public explanations of the process, including Kinbrace Community Society's ''Refugee Hearing Preparation: A Guide for Refugee Claimants'' which notes that it is best that the translator not be a relative: "Certified translators are best, but not required. If you cannot pay for a professional translator, you can have someone else you trust (preferably not a relative) translate your documents for you. This person must sign a translator’s declaration."<ref name=":3" /> As the court accepted in ''Grandmont v. Canada'', a person working in-house at the law firm the claimant has selected may be considered acceptable to perform this task.<ref name=":4" /> See further: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 31-43 - Documents#What are the requirements for the translator's declaration for documents?]] == RPD Rule 33 - Disclosure and use of documents by the Division== <pre>Disclosure and Use of Documents Disclosure of documents by Division 33 (1) Subject to subrule (2), if the Division wants to use a document in a hearing, the Division must provide a copy of the document to each party. Disclosure of country documentation by Division (2) The Division may disclose country documentation by providing to the parties a list of those documents or providing information as to where a list of those documents can be found on the Board’s website.</pre> === There is no time limit that applies to this rule, and new documents can be provided during a hearing === Rule 33(1) of the ''RPD Rules'' say that if the RPD “wants to use a document in a hearing, the Division must provide a copy of the document to each party.” The jurisprudence confirms that there are no time constraints on Rule 33(1), and that the RPD may disclose documents to a claimant at the hearing.<ref>''Kandiah v Canada (Minister of Citizenship & Immigration)'', 2021 FC 1388.</ref> Providing copies of documents during a break to counsel is not in and of itself procedurally unfair.<ref>''Opee v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2022 FC 1636 (CanLII), at para 48, <https://canlii.ca/t/jt97n#par48>, retrieved on 2023-06-30.</ref> But see: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Disclosure rights and obligations for the Board]]. === The Division has the power to provide post-hearing documents prior to rendering a decision === RPD Rule 33 concerns circumstances in which the Division provides a copy of a document that it wants to use in a hearing. What about where the Division wants to provide a document to parties following a hearing? The Division may do so and, while it must invite comment from the parties on any such post-hearing disclosure, it need not resume the hearing afterwards. The Division's power to provide such post-hearing documents was emphasized in the Board's public commentary on the previous version of the RPD Rules, which read "The Division may provide a document to the claimant (and to the Minister if the Minister has intervened) after a hearing if the Division considers its use would assist in ensuring a full and proper determination of a claim for refugee protection. The claimant will be given an opportunity to make submissions on that document."<ref name=":8" /> While that public commentary is no longer published by the IRB, the principle stands. === The RPD has an obligation to provide documents and information required by the Rules to the Minister upon request === Subsection 170(''d'') of the Act requires the Division to provide the Minister, on request, with the documents and information referred to in subsection 100(4) of the Act, which are the documents and information required by the rules of the Board:<blockquote>100(4) A person who makes a claim for refugee protection inside Canada at a port of entry and whose claim is referred to the Refugee Protection Division must provide the Division, within the time limits provided for in the regulations, with the documents and information — including in respect of the basis for the claim — required by the rules of the Board, in accordance with those rules.</blockquote> === The panel should consider the most recent National Documentation Package === The Board ''Policy on National Documentation Packages in Refugee Determination Proceedings,'' which is dated June 2019, commits that "The <abbr>RPD</abbr> and <abbr>RAD</abbr> will consider the most recent <abbr>NDP</abbr>(s) in support of assessing forward-looking risk."<ref name=":14">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Policy on National Documentation Packages in Refugee Determination Proceedings,'' Effective date: June 5, 2019, <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Pages/national-documentation-packages.aspx> (Accessed August 30, 2020).</ref> A panel of the Board should comply with this policy. This has implications both for which NDPs should be disclosed on a file and for the currency of the NDPs which are disclosed: * <u>Which NDPs are disclosed:</u> A panel should ensure that it considers the relevant NDPs, both those that relate to countries of citizenship, as well as those that relate to countries of former habitual residence, where that concept applies. For example, in ''El Hraich v. Canada'', the court commented that "There is no indication that the Panel considered the National Documentary Package on the UAE before it rendered the decision", noting that the court has found that where central elements of a claim, such as the right to return to a country of former habitual residence for a stateless person, are at issue, the RPD should examine and refer to the available country documentation.<ref>''El Hraich v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2022 FC 213 (CanLII), at para 28, <https://canlii.ca/t/jmk07#par28>, retrieved on 2022-03-16.</ref> Furthermore, the panel may consider additional NDPs where relevant, such as those for a country that an appellant has transited through.<ref>''Adefule v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2021 FC 1227 (CanLII), at para 22, <https://canlii.ca/t/jkj7j#par22>, retrieved on 2021-11-29.</ref> See, relatedly: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rule 22 - Specialized Knowledge#When must a panel provide notice of "generally recognized facts" before relying upon them?]] * <u>Whether the NDPs disclosed are current:</u> In ''Zhao v. Canada'' the court held that "as a matter of procedural fairness, the [Board] had a duty to disclose the most recent NDP and to give the Applicants an opportunity to respond and make submissions on this matter."<ref>''Zhao v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2019 FC 1593 (CanLII), par. 31, <<nowiki>http://canlii.ca/t/j48rf#par31</nowiki>>, retrieved on 2020-04-01.</ref> Similarly, in ''Oymali v. Canada'' the court held that "the latest NDP should be considered in assessing risks".<ref>''Oymali v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2017 FC 889.</ref> The obligation to consider the latest NDP extends to matters where a new NDP is released while a claim is under reserve. However, there are some limits to this principle: * <u>It does not apply to documents other than those in an NDP:</u> In ''Tambwe-Lubemba'' the court considered whether a panel of the Board must consider updated country documents received by the Board post-hearing that are not explicitly placed on the file''.'' The applicants in that case submitted that the panel hearing their claim should have considered information received by the Refugee Division's document centre after the hearing, but before the decision had been rendered. What the Court held was that the panel was under no obligation to consider information that the members had not seen and that was not tendered by the claimants.<ref>''Nagulesan v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2004 FC 1382 (CanLII), para. 13.</ref> * <u>It does not apply where the new information would make no difference to the decision:</u> The failure of the RAD to consider the most up-to-date NDP may constitute a reviewable error where the failure leads to the tribunal failing to consider and comment on evidence that contradicts its findings.<ref>''Torres Araque, Jesus David v. M.C.I.'' (F.C., no. IMM-1352-22), Furlanetto, January 18, 2023; 2023 FC 69.</ref> In ''Worku v. Canada'', the Federal Court held that the Board was not bound to consider the newest NDP information when there was no indication that the information was a significant departure from the information which was considered by the RPD.<ref>''Worku v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2019 FC 784.</ref> As such, the Board ''Policy on National Documentation Packages in Refugee Determination Proceedings'' is that "The <abbr>RAD</abbr> will disclose to the parties new <abbr>NDP</abbr> documents only when they wish to rely upon them".<ref name=":14" /> A panel will err if it does not consider an update to the NDP if the revision "could have affected the result".<ref>''Monzon Gordillo v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 1529 (CanLII), at para 9, <https://canlii.ca/t/k1850#par9>, retrieved on 2023-12-15.</ref> However, it is up to the applicant to establish that the new NDP contains information that is sufficiently different, new, and important.<ref>''Kamara v. M.C.I.'' (FC, No. IMM-6517-22), Gascon, January 4, 2024, 2024 FC 13.</ref> See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RAD Rules Part 1 - Rules Applicable to Appeals Made by a Person Who Is the Subject of an Appeal#What is a new issue requiring notice?]]. The fact that the panel should consider the most recent National Documentation Package does not mean that a panel needs to scour through every document in it for any possible statement that could support or hinder the claimant; for a discussion of this, see [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The Board's inquisitorial mandate#There is a shared duty of fact-finding in refugee matters]]. === Rule 33(2): The Division may disclose country documentation by providing information as to where a list of those documents can be found on the Board's website === RPD Rule 33(2) provides that "the Division may disclose country documentation by providing to the parties a list of those documents or providing information as to where a list of those documents can be found on the Board’s website." Certain documents are listed in the lists of documents on the Board website, but the documents themselves are only available via email, in particular samples of identity documents appended to Responses to Information Requests generated by the Board's research directorate. The court has held that the fact that such samples are not reproduced in the NDP published online on the IRB’s website does not breach procedural fairness. In ''Zerihaymanot v. Canada'', the court noted that "this sample document was attached to a Response to Information Request in the NDP, with a note that to obtain a copy of the attachment, one must email a request. Rule 33(2) specifies that disclosure of country documentation may include being provided with the document by the Division or being informed where the information could be found."<ref>''Zerihaymanot, Brhane Ghebrihiwet, v. M.C.I.'' (F.C., no. IMM-3077-21), McHaffie, April 26, 2022; 2022 FC 610.</ref> Further, in that case, during the RPD hearing, counsel was directed to the sample birth certificate and it was clear from counsel’s questions and submissions that counsel had the document. The court noted that there does not appear to be any requirement that the NDP be publicly posted on the internet, and that in the 1990s when this was not done, the Federal Court of Appeal had concluded that the fact that documents were available in IRB documentation centres was sufficient to be fair: ''Mancia v Canada''.<ref>''Mancia v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', [1998] 3 FC 461 at paras 22, 26.</ref> == RPD Rule 34 - Obligation, process, and timeline for a party to disclose documents they want to use in a hearing == <pre>Disclosure of documents by party 34 (1) If a party wants to use a document in a hearing, the party must provide a copy of the document to the other party, if any, and to the Division. Proof that document was provided (2) The copy of the document provided to the Division must be accompanied by a written statement indicating how and when a copy of that document was provided to the other party, if any. Time limit (3) Documents provided under this rule must be received by their recipients no later than (a) 10 days before the date fixed for the hearing; or (b) five days before the date fixed for the hearing if the document is provided to respond to another document provided by a party or the Division.</pre> === What documents does a party need to provide when? === Rule 34(1) concerns documents that a party "wants" to use in a hearing. The rule provides that such documents must be received by their recipients no later than 10 days before the date fixed for the hearing (except, per Rule 34(3)(b) where they are provided in response to documents provided by other party, in which case the deadline is five days prior to the hearing). This discretionary rule allows, but does not require, a claimant to submit documents. It can be contrasted with Rule 7(3) which obliges claimants to provide certain types of documents. Specifically, Rule 7(3) provides that a claimant "must" attach all "relevant documents in their possession" to their Basis of Claim form, including identity and travel documents (whether genuine or not). The only exception to this is for documents that were seized by an officer or provided to the Division by an officer. In short, the disclosure deadlines established by the RPD rules appear to be the following: {| class="wikitable" !Stage in Claim !Document Type !Disclosure Obligation !Deadline !Rule |- |When BOC Form Provided |All relevant documents in the claimant's possession |Mandatory Disclosure |Must be attached to BOC Form |Rule 7(3) |- |After BOC Form Provided |Claimant's identity or travel documents |Mandatory Disclosure |Must be provided "without delay" after the claimant obtains |Rule 7(4) |- |After BOC Form Provided |Any other documents "a party wants to use" |Discretionary/optional |10 days before the hearing (or 5, if in response) |Rule 34 |} As such, the rules appear to establish a regime in which a claimant is obliged to provide all relevant documents that are in their possession at the time that they provide their BOC form. For documents that come into a claimant's possession after that point, other than identity or travel documents, the claimant has discretion about whether or not to submit them and need only do so if they want to use them in the proceeding. A qualification to this principle is that: * claimants are obliged to submit identity and travel documents (whether genuine or not) that come into their possession at any point ([[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 3-13 - Information and Documents to be Provided#A claimant is obliged to provide any relevant documents in their possession at the time that they provide their BOC form]]); * while the Minister has no obligation to become a party to a proceeding ([[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rule 29 - Intervention by the Minister#The Minister is permitted to intervene in proceedings, but is not required to do so]]), once it does so and provides disclosure, its disclosure must be "complete" and cannot be selective. A failure to do so is a violation of natural justice. In the words of the Federal Court, "At a bare minimum, if the Minister chooses to disclose evidence, that disclosure must be complete."<ref>''B135 v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2013 FC 871 at para. 26.</ref> The Federal Court states that frankness can be expected of the Minister and that the Minister has a duty of candour.<ref>''Oladipupo v. Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness),'' 2024 FC 921 (CanLII), at paras 36 and 40, <https://canlii.ca/t/k5thz#par36>, retrieved on 2024-08-27.</ref> Where complete disclosure has not been provided by the Minister, procedural fairness may oblige the RPD to require the Minister to make inquiries of relevant Canadian law enforcement agencies to obtain documents, for example.<ref>''Jankovic v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2022 FC 857 (CanLII), at para 48, <https://canlii.ca/t/jprtv#par48>, retrieved on 2022-08-09.</ref> In contrast, however, Ministerial disclosure does not need to be "complete" in proceedings before the Immigration Division.<ref>''Danaj v. Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness),'' 2024 FC 402 (CanLII), at para 26, <https://canlii.ca/t/k3b90#par26>, retrieved on 2024-04-05.</ref> As general matter, the ''Stinchcombe'' principles [regarding providing disclosure in criminal cases] do not apply in the administrative context; that said, a heightened disclosure obligation akin to ''Stinchcombe'' may be afforded in the administrative context where the potential consequences of the tribunal’s decision are sufficiently serious.<ref>''Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness) v. Dos Santos Freitas,'' 2024 FC 608 (CanLII), at para 23, <https://canlii.ca/t/k45zc#par23>, retrieved on 2024-05-16.</ref> For example, a heightened disclosure obligation applies at the Immigration Division where an individual is detained: "''The need for detainees to know the case against them creates a disclosure obligation. To be meaningful, the disclosure obligation cannot be limited to information on which the Minister intends to rely. All relevant information must be disclosed, including information that is only to the advantage of the detainee.''"<ref>''Brown v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2020 FCA 130 (CanLII), [2021] 1 FCR 53, at para 142, <https://canlii.ca/t/j93cf#par142>, retrieved on 2024-07-14.</ref> Similarly, at the Immigration Division the CBSA may have an obligation to make reasonable inquiries of the RCMP to obtain all records, including exculpatory records, that may be relevant to an inadmissibility hearing, and to produce those records to the person subject to the proceedings.<ref>''Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness) v. Dos Santos Freitas,'' 2024 FC 608 (CanLII), at para 34, <https://canlii.ca/t/k45zc#par34>, retrieved on 2024-05-16.</ref> Furthermore, there is a distinction in law between first party and third party disclosure in administrative proceedings;<ref>''Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness) v. Dos Santos Freitas,'' 2024 FC 608 (CanLII), at para 31, <https://canlii.ca/t/k45zc#par31>, retrieved on 2024-05-16.</ref> separate principles apply to information held by a third party, for example where CBSA is involved in a case but the RCMP has also conducted an investigation.<ref>''Seyoboka v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2009 FC 104 (CanLII), [2010] 2 FCR 3, para. 44.</ref> As pointed out by Justice Sebastien Grammond, full disclosure benefits the justice system as a whole because it facilitates the search for truth, allowing access to information and the testing of assertions.<ref>''Mawut v Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness)'', 2021 FC 1155 at para 29.</ref> * claimants have an obligation to take reasonable steps to provide acceptable documents establishing their identity and other elements of the claim ([[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 3-13 - Information and Documents to be Provided#A claimant has an obligation to make reasonable efforts to establish their identity and to corroborate their claim]]); and * the Board can compel testimony and the production of evidence should it choose to do so ([[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 3-13 - Information and Documents to be Provided#The Division may instruct a claimant to provide specific documents]]). The above timelines for providing documents are reiterated in the Basis of Claim form that all claimants receive: "If you get more identity or travel documents that support your claim after you have provided your BOC Form, give two copies to the IRB without delay. If you get more documents, other than identity or travel documents, that support your claim after you have provided your BOC Form, give one copy to the IRB and a copy to the Minister, if the Minister is a party, at least 10 days before your hearing." The BOC Form also states on its cover page: "you are responsible for obtaining and providing to the IRB any documents that may support your claim." The above documentary disclosure obligations specified in the Rules are also distinct from the separate matter of the Division's ability to draw an adverse inference as to credibility in circumstances in which documents are not provided. Even if it is not mandatory for the claimant to have submitted a particular document above as per the Rules, where a claimant does not do so, the Division may conclude that a claimant's failure to provide a document is indicative of a fear to provide the evidence to the Board, allowing the Board to draw an adverse inference about the credibility of the fact that the document would have otherwise served to establish or corroborate. Of course, this type of adverse inference may only be drawn where the claimant is given a reasonable opportunity to adduce the evidence once the Division identifies its concern, or where the evidence was otherwise mandatory for the claimant to produce, and furthermore the Federal Court has held that "a panel cannot draw a negative inference from the mere fact that a party failed to produce any extrinsic documents corroborating his or her allegations, except when the applicant’s credibility is at issue".<ref>''Ahortor v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration)'' (1993), 65 F.T.R. 137 (FCT).</ref> See the discussion of Rule 11 for more detail: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 3-13 - Information and Documents to be Provided#RPD Rule 11 - Documents Establishing Identity and Other Elements of the Claim]]. === Rule 34(2): Proof that document was provided === Rule 34(2) provides that "the copy of the document provided to the Division must be accompanied by a written statement indicating how and when a copy of that document was provided to the other party, if any". When considering what such a statement will include, one can consider the cognate RAD rule:<pre>Proof document was provided 34 (1) Proof that a document was provided must be established by (a) an acknowledgment of receipt signed by the recipient or a statement of service, if the document was provided by hand; (b) a confirmation of receipt if the document was provided by registered mail, courier, fax or email or other electronic means; or (c) a statement of service if the document was provided by regular mail. Statement of service (2) For the purpose of paragraph (1)(a) or (c), a statement of service consists of a written statement, signed by the person who provided the document, that includes the person’s name and a statement of how and when the document was provided. Statement – unable to provide proof (3) If a party is unable to provide proof that a document was provided in a way required by paragraph (1)(a) to (c), the party must provide a written statement, signed by the party, that includes an explanation of why they are unable to provide proof.</pre>See: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RAD Rules Part 3 - Rules Applicable to All Appeals#RAD Rule 34: Proof document was provided]]. === A party who provides late documentary evidence to​ the <abbr>RPD</abbr> must make an application using the form specified by the Division === A party who provides late documentary evidence to​ the <abbr>RPD</abbr> must make an application using the form Application to submit late disclosure to the Refugee Protection Division. Use of the form is mandatory, but the <abbr>RPD</abbr> states that it will apply this requirement flexibly for unrepresented parties.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx</nowiki>>, at 4.4.</ref> The RPD states that "while <abbr>RPD</abbr> Rule 36 sets out ''factors'' for a member to consider when deciding whether to accept late disclosure, neither this Rule nor any other Rule sets out a ''procedure'' for submitting late evidence." The RPD states that their practice notice "brings clarity by laying out a procedure that includes a new form."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Questions and answers: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09 <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pnpi-qa.aspx</nowiki>>, at question 22.</ref> === The Board must consider its discretion to provide relief where a claimant submits a document later than the time limit in Rule 34(3) === The time limit in Rule 34(3) for providing documents must be read in conjunction with section 170 of the IRPA, and specifically the following subsections of that provision:<pre>Subsections 170 (e), (g) and (h) of the IRPA however indicate that in any proceeding before the RPD it: (e) must give the person . . . a reasonable opportunity to present evidence . . .; (g) is not bound by any legal or technical rules of evidence; (h) may receive and base a decision on evidence that is adduced in the proceedings and considered credible or trustworthy in the circumstances.</pre>In ''Trboljevac v. Canada'', the court commented that "While the Panel Member was aware of the ten-day time period in Rule 34(3) for disclosing documents, the failure of the Member to acknowledge or apparently be aware of the ''IRPA'' provisions allowing them to nonetheless accept the documents had the effect of preventing the Applicant from substantiating his claim. ... the Panel Member should have addressed why they declined to exercise the discretion provided to them in section 170 of the ''IRPA''. Failure to exercise that discretion was a breach of natural justice in this matter."<ref>''Trboljevac v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2020 FC 26 (CanLII), para. 52.</ref> The Board's discretion to admit late-filed documents is guided by Rule 36, below: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Documents#Rule 36 - Use of undisclosed documents]]. === The 10 day deadline for submitting documents resets when a hearing has multiple sittings === A question can arise about the interpretation of the phrase "days before the date fixed for the hearing" in Rule 34. As per Rule 34(3), documents provided under this rule must be received by their recipients no later than 10 days before the date fixed for the hearing. If a resumption of a hearing is scheduled more than 10 days after the first sitting of the hearing, does this mean that any documents submitted 10 or more days prior to the next sitting are, in the words of RPD Rule 34(3), being submitted at least "10 days before the date fixed for the hearing"? The answer to this question would appear to be yes. The ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' states: <blockquote>The same requirements apply to subsequent sittings as to the first sitting. For example, if a hearing is started and then adjourned to be completed at a later date, an application is not required if the documents are received no later than 10 calendar days before the date fixed for the second sitting (or 5 calendar days if the document is provided to respond to another document).<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx>, at 4.4.</ref> </blockquote> == RPD Rule 35 - Documents relevant and not duplicate == <pre>Documents relevant and not duplicate 35 Each document provided by a party for use at a proceeding must (a) be relevant to the particular proceeding; and (b) not duplicate other documents provided by a party or by the Division.</pre> === The use of the National Documentation Package does not preclude the disclosure of additional Country of origin information === The Board ''Policy on National Documentation Packages in Refugee Determination Proceedings'' states that:<blockquote>Relevant <abbr>NDP</abbr>(s) are disclosed to the parties in every refugee claim before the <abbr>RPD</abbr> as the standard source of <abbr>COI</abbr> evidence in refugee determination. As per <abbr>RPD</abbr> Rule 33(2), the <abbr>RPD</abbr> provides the parties with information as to where the <abbr>NDP</abbr> can be found on the Board's website, and it is the parties' responsibility to check the <abbr>IRB</abbr> website for the newest version of the relevant <abbr>NDP</abbr>(s) prior to their hearing. ... The use of <abbr>NDPs</abbr> does not preclude the disclosure of additional <abbr>COI</abbr> not contained in an <abbr>NDP</abbr> by the Division or a party to a proceeding. Such information must be disclosed on a case-by-case basis, subject to the legal and procedural requirements of each Division.</blockquote> === An application must be made to submit country conditions evidence in excess of 100 pages === There is no page limit on providing personal documents as documentary evidence.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx</nowiki>>, at 4.5(a).</ref> However, with country conditions documents, in 2018 the Board issued ''Notice to parties and counsel appearing before the Refugee Protection Division – voluminous country conditions evidence'', which specified procedures regarding voluminous disclosure of country conditions evidence filed at the Refugee Protection Division. As per the practice notice, parties were to make a formal application to submit country conditions evidence that exceeds 100 pages per country of reference.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Notice to parties and counsel appearing before the Refugee Protection Division – voluminous country conditions evidence,'' Date modified: 2018-06''-''26 ''<''https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/voluminous-country-conditions-evidence-preuve-volumineuse-relative-aux-conditions-dans-le-pays.aspx''>.''</ref> Disclosure of country conditions evidence over the specified page limit was to be accompanied by an application made in accordance with RPD Rule 50. During the Covid-19 pandemic, this practice notice was suspended.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on the resumption of in-person hearings,'' July 10​, 2020, <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-hearing-resumption.aspx#toc34> (Accessed August 14, 2020).</ref> Following the Covid period, in 2024, this practice notice was formally declared to no longer be in effect, but the same content was included in the new ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'', which states:<blockquote>The page limit for submitting country conditions evidence without an application ​​​is 100 pages per file at the <abbr>RPD</abbr> (claims or applications heard together are considered 1 file). Each side of a page is counted as 1 page (where both sides of a page are used, it is counted as 2​ pages). Documents submitted to the <abbr>RPD</abbr> before the coming into force of this section of the practice notice do not count against the total number of pages. Where a claim or application involves multiple countries of reference, the page limit is 100 pages for each country of reference. A party who submits country conditions evidence over the page limit must make an application using this form Application to submit voluminous disclosure to the Refugee Protection Division. Use of the form is mandatory, but the <abbr>RPD</abbr> will apply this requirement flexibly for unrepresented parties. The application should explain how each document is relevant to the claimant(s)' particular circumstances. Parties should consult the relevant National Documentation Package(s) to ensure the documents are not duplicative.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx>, at 4.5.</ref></blockquote>The table of contents and a fax confirmation page are not counted towards the 100-page limit.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Questions and answers: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09 <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pnpi-qa.aspx</nowiki>>, at question 27.</ref> A voluminous disclosure application must be submitted 10 days before the hearing or the party will also need to submit an application for late disclosure using the application form on the <abbr>IRB</abbr> website.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Questions and answers: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09 <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pnpi-qa.aspx</nowiki>>, at question 29.</ref> ==== How does one know whether documents are country conditions evidence or not? ==== As the practice notice states, evidence presented before the RPD generally falls into two broad categories: documents personal to the parties (e.g. identity documents, police reports, etc.) and evidence regarding country conditions (e.g. human rights reports, research on the situation in the country, etc.). This Practice Notice applies only to country conditions evidence. Documents which speak to the claimant's personal risk and are specific to their claim, for example those that are by or about the claimant themselves, will be considered personal. In contrast, country conditions documents are evidence relating to human rights conditions in a claimant's country. The question in each case is whether the primary purpose of a particular document is to substantiate the claimant's personal profile or to speak to human rights or other facts and conditions regarding a claimant's country. The ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' includes an an "information bubble" next to the term "personal documents" which pops up with the following information: <blockquote> ”Personal documents” refers to evidence that is specific to an individual claimant. Some examples are: * identity documents * proof of membership in political organizations * medical reports * psychological reports * police documents * business records * news articles * visas and travel documents * social media * letters or affidavits from people who have information about the claim, such as people who witnessed the events<ref name=":18">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx>, at 4.5.</ref> </blockquote> The guidebook ''Refugee Hearing Preparation: A Guide for Refugee Claimants'' from refugeeclaim.ca provides examples of each type of document. With regards to personal documents, they list: <blockquote> * Are there photographs, letters, videos, emails, or other documents that show the problems you had? Get them! * Did you go to the police or another government agency for help? Get a copy of the police report or other proof of your visit. * Did you get medical help? Get your hospital or doctor’s records. * Are there news articles about people who are connected to your case? Get them! * Are there people who witnessed what happened to you? Ask them to write what happened and send it to you. If possible, ask this person to swear (declare) their statement is true in front of a lawyer or notary. * Are there people who have experienced problems that are similar to yours? Ask them to describe their experiences in writing. If possible, ask this person to swear their statement is true in front of a lawyer or notary. * Is your claim based on your religious identity or membership in a political party or other group? Get documents that show your membership. * Has your mental health suffered because of what happened to you? Get a report from a doctor or psychologist in Canada which documents your health problems. * You will also need identity documents to prove your citizenship.<ref name=":3" /> </blockquote> The ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' includes an an "information bubble" next to the term "country conditions evidence" which pops up with the following information: <blockquote>Country conditions evidence is documentary evidence about conditions in the country that you are claiming protection from. Examples include reports from well-respected sources, such as human rights organizations and credible news organizations. The <abbr>IRB</abbr> has put together a National Documentation Package (NDP) for every country. The <abbr>NDP</abbr> contains lists of public documents that provide information on country conditions. The <abbr>IRB</abbr> considers the relevant <abbr>NDP</abbr> information as country condition evidence in every claim.<ref name=":18" /></blockquote> With regards to country conditions documents, the guidebook ''Refugee Hearing Preparation: A Guide for Refugee Claimants'' lists: <blockquote> * This type of evidence includes reports from well-respected sources that document human rights abuses, political events, and other news that relate to your claim. * Recent reports from human rights organizations (e.g. Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch), United Nations reports, U.S. State Department Country Reports, news articles, or videos showing human rights abuses in your country. * Articles and reports from newspapers and human rights organizations in your country. </blockquote>Similarly, documents about an organization that the claimant may have been involved with (even in Canada) will fit into this category of evidence that relates to human rights conditions in a claimant's country, so long as they do not mention the claimant by name or otherwise depict or refer to the claimant. Thus, for example, where the Minister seeks to intervene to argue that a claimant is excluded pursuant to Article 1F(a) of the Convention, if the Minister wishes to provide more than 100 pages to demonstrate that an organization in question committed crimes during a specific historical period, pursuant to this practice notice, they must bring an application for permission to file voluminous disclosure. Additional discussion of the difference between these two types of documents is found in the IRB ''Instructions for Gathering and Disclosing Information for Refugee Protection Division Proceedings'' which distinguishes between country-of-origin research—which is generally-available information and does not include “information gathered by the IRB that is specific to a particular claimant”—and claimant-specific research.<ref>''Instructions for Gathering and Disclosing Information for Refugee Protection Division Proceedings,'' Instructions issued by the Chairperson pursuant to section 159(1)(a) of the ''Immigration and Refugee Protection Act'', amended December, 2012 <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Pages/InstructInfo.aspx>.</ref> Furthermore, the Board ''Policy on National Documentation Packages in Refugee Determination Proceedings'' provides the following definition of Country of origin information (COI): "Information about the situation in a country that is relevant to the refugee determination process and obtained from publicly available sources that are viewed as, whenever possible, reliable and objective."<ref name=":14" /> ==== What is the Board's jurisdiction to limit voluminous country conditions disclosure? ==== As is clear from Rule 35, the only conditions imposed by the Rules on which documents may be admitted are that they must be relevant to the proceeding and not duplicate any other documents provided by the claimant or the Division. The RPD Rules themselves contain no restriction on the volume of documents that may be disclosed, and they make no distinctions between different types of documents. The authority cited in the practice notice is that the Chairperson of the IRB has the authority to take any action that may be necessary to ensure that members of the Board are able to carry out their duties efficiently and without undue delay as per paragraph 159(1)(g) of the Act. The practice notice notes that the Chairperson has delegated this authority to Deputy Chairpersons. In addition, Rule 69 of the RPD Rules specifies that in the absence of a provision in the Rules dealing with a matter raised during the proceedings, the Division may do whatever is necessary to deal with the matter. <abbr>RPD</abbr> Rule 70 provides that the Division may, after giving notice to the parties and an opportunity to object, change a requirement of a rule, excuse a person from a requirement of a rule, and extend or shorten a time limit. The sufficiency of this legislative provision and Rule as authority for what appears to be an amendment to the Rules via practice notice (that was not authorized by the Governor in Council, as required), does not appear to have received judicial consideration. See [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/About]] for details about how the RPD rules were authorized by the Governor General in Council. However, the Federal Court of Appeal’s reasoning in ''Thamotharem v. Canada'' would appear to provide some support for the Board’s action.<ref>''Thamotharem v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2007 FCA 198 (CanLII), [2008] 1 FCR 385.</ref> As the IRB ''Policy on the Use of Chairperson's Guidelines and Jurisprudential Guides'' notes, "that the subject of a guideline could have been enacted as a rule of procedure issued under paragraph 161(1)(a) of the IRPA will not normally invalidate it."<ref name=":03">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Policy on the Use of Chairperson's Guidelines and Jurisprudential Guides,'' July 7​, 2022, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/pages/PolJurisGuide.aspx> (Accessed July, 2022).</ref> For further discussion thereon, see: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/159 - Duties of Chairperson#The Chairperson's guideline‑issuing and rule‑making powers overlap]]. === The Board has jurisdiction to refuse to admit documents for reasons that are broader than the Rule 35 criteria === Rule 35 provides two criteria for all documents provided by a party for use at a proceeding: they must be relevant and not duplicative. Does the fact that the Rules only enumerate these two criteria here mean that, by implication, the Board may not refuse to admit documents for other reasons beyond those enumerated in Rule 35? No. The Board retains a broader discretion to control its process, including the documents that it admits in its proceedings. There are numerous examples of this, including: * ''Excluding evidence where doing so is required by the Constitution:'' For example, the Division has the power to exclude evidence pursuant to s. 24(2) of the ''Charter'' where the evidence was collected in violation of ''Charter'' rights, an issue which usually arises regarding port of entry interview notes in situation where the right to counsel was violated; see, as an example, ''Huang v. Canada''.<ref>''Huang v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2002 FCT 149 (CanLII), [2002] 3 FC 266, par. 23, <http://canlii.ca/t/lgk#par23>, retrieved on 2020-02-06.</ref> * ''Excluding evidence where doing so is required by law:'' The Board states in its Legal Services paper on Weighing Evidence that "in some cases it is not appropriate to admit evidence and give it little or no weight, instead the panel should refuse to admit the evidence at all. This may arise, for example, where the evidence is ... protected by privilege or statutory protection of its confidentiality".<ref name=":10">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Weighing Evidence - Chapter 3: Assessing Evidence'', Last Updated December 31, 2003, <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/legal-concepts/Pages/EvidPreu03.aspx> (Accessed February 6, 2020).</ref> This would apply, for example, where the use of the evidence is prohibited by the ''Privacy Act.'' The Board frequently considers this issue when determining whether to admit decisions from other panels into evidence where they are provided by the parties: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/166 - Proceedings must be held in the absence of the public#Should a panel admit copies of decisions from other claims?]]. * ''Excluding evidence as a discretionary decision made by the tribunal:'' The Board states in its Legal Services paper on Weighing Evidence that "in some cases it is not appropriate to admit evidence and give it little or no weight, instead the panel should refuse to admit the evidence at all. This may arise, for example, where the evidence is not relevant to the issues in the case; or where the prejudicial effect of the evidence outweighs its probative value; ... or where the evidence is unduly repetitive."<ref name=":10" /> == RPD Rule 36 - Use of undisclosed documents == <pre>Use of undisclosed documents 36 A party who does not provide a document in accordance with rule 34 must not use the document at the hearing unless allowed to do so by the Division. In deciding whether to allow its use, the Division must consider any relevant factors, including (a) the document’s relevance and probative value; (b) any new evidence the document brings to the hearing; and (c) whether the party, with reasonable effort, could have provided the document as required by rule 34.</pre> === The Board must weigh the relevant factors === The court has provided guidance on how the RPD should approach the task of weighing the factors listed in Rule 36, noting that considering such factors does not mean merely listing them, but involves actively weighing them to determine whether the documents in question should be admitted.<ref>''Mbirimujo v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2013 FC 553, at para. 23.</ref> Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, the RPD had a practice notice in effect entitled ''Notice to parties and counsel appearing before the Refugee Protection Division – late disclosure''.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Notice to parties and counsel appearing before the Refugee Protection Division – late disclosure,'' May 7, 2018 <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/late-disclosure-communication-tardive.aspx></ref> Nothing in this practice notice relieved the Board of the obligation to exercise its discretion under Rule 36:<blockquote>Rule 36 of the RPD Rules clearly gives the RPD discretion to accept an undisclosed document at the hearing. This discretion exists even if a party’s request does not comply with the ''Notice to parties and counsel appearing before the Refugee Protection Division - late disclosure'' published by the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, although this defect may be a relevant factor in determining the request. When a refugee protection claimant asks the RPD to exercise this discretion, the principles of procedural fairness require that he or she be given the opportunity to make submissions on the matter. The RPD did not give Ms. Alvarez Rivera such an opportunity, which constitutes a breach of procedural fairness.<ref>''Alvarez Rivera c. Canada (Citoyenneté et Immigration),'' 2021 CF 99 (CanLII), par. 24, <https://canlii.ca/t/jczlf#par24>, consulté le 2021-02-22.</ref></blockquote>Furthermore, the list of relevant factors under Rule 36 requires that all of the factors should be considered, not just some of them.<ref>''Alvarez Rivera v. Canada,'' 2021 FC 99, para. 31.</ref> === Past consideration of the Rule 36 factors === Past decisions of the Board have considered the above factors thusly: *'''(a) the document’s relevance and probative value''' **<u>Is the source of the document reliable?</u> For country conditions evidence, probative value can be assessed in part by considering the source of the document. For example, in ''Hasan v. Canada'' the Board refused to admit a series of documents concerning country conditions relevant to the claim: "Within the Disclosure Package are a number of reports from various organizations attesting to the ill-treatment of Palestinian males, the severe measures taken against Palestinians, and the unlawful killings and other abuses directed against Palestinians by Israeli forces." The court held that it could be considered that "These reports come from such traditionally accepted (for purposes of evidence) sources as Amnesty International. In addition, several reports emanated from Israeli sources such as the Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories."<ref>''Hasan v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2004 FC 1537 (CanLII), para. 9-10.</ref> **<u>How central are these documents to the core elements of the claim?</u> The RAD has held that, as part of this probative value assessment, there should be an analysis as to the centrality of the documents to the core elements of the claim.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2019 CanLII 140842 (CA IRB), par. 18, <http://canlii.ca/t/j8rc1#par18>, retrieved on 2020-12-18.</ref> **<u>What is the probative value of the documents?</u> In ''Mohammed v. Canada'', the Federal Court upheld a Board decision in which the RPD refused to admit affidavits submitted post-hearing as "the affidavits were of...very weak probative value given the sparse details they contained of the alleged persecution, the contradictions in them, and the absence of identity documents of the affiants."<ref name=":16">''Mohammed v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2024 FC 713 (CanLII), at para 23, <https://canlii.ca/t/k4jc6#par23>, retrieved on 2024-07-03.</ref> *'''(b) any new evidence the document brings to the proceedings''' **For example, in ''Mohammed v. Canada'', the Federal Court upheld a Board decision in which the RPD refused to admit affidavits submitted post-hearing on the basis that the affidavits "disclosed no new evidence not previously covered in Mr. Mohammed’s basis of claim [BOC] or testimony, and did not address [the affaints'] alleged efforts to locate other evidence."<ref name=":16" /> *'''(c) whether the party, with reasonable effort, could have provided the document as required by rule 34''' **<u>Is the claimant educated?</u> In ''Mercado v. Canada'' the court affirmed that it is proper to consider a claimant's level of education when making this decision, stating with approval that "The panel clearly took into consideration the fact that the applicant was educated."<ref name=":11">''Mercado v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' [2010] F.C.J. No. 311, 2010 FC 289 (F.C.), para. 38.</ref> **<u>Has the claimant been self-represented?</u> The Board's Chairperson Guidelines 7 provide that "Generally speaking, the RPD will make allowances for self-represented claimants who are unfamiliar with the RPD's processes and rules."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Chairperson Guidelines 7: Concerning Preparation and Conduct of a Hearing in the Refugee Protection Division'', Amended December 15, 2012 <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Pages/GuideDir07.aspx#FailureA4> (Accessed January 26, 2020), section 1.3.</ref> That said, it may be considered that the Claimant's Kit that all claimants receive, and the instructions on the BOC form, emphasize the document disclosure deadlines (see [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 31-43 - Documents#What documents does a party need to provide when?]]). **<u>Is the party's counsel experienced?</u> In ''Mercado v. Canada'' the court affirmed that it is proper to consider the fact that a claimant was represented by experienced counsel when making this decision. The court stated: "Contrary to the applicant’s argument, the RPD did not impose a heavier burden on him simply because he was represented by this counsel. That was simply a part of the facts relevant to assessing the reasonable efforts that could objectively be expected on the part of a person in the applicant’s position."<ref name=":11" /> But see: "Counsel should be presumed to have acted competently" at [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Principles for the interpretation of refugee procedure#Principles about the expectations that one reasonably has of counsel]]. **<u>How much time has the party had to try to obtain the document?</u> In ''Mercado v. Canada'' the court affirmed that it is proper to consider how much time a claimant has had to access the document in question, writing "the RPD also considered that the applicant had more than two years to obtain this documentation and that it should have been easy to access".<ref name=":12">''Mercado v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' [2010] F.C.J. No. 311, 2010 FC 289 (F.C.), para. 40.</ref> **<u>Were the documents available to the party earlier?</u> Lorne Waldman writes in his text that a panel of the Board should consider the explanation provided for the late disclosure: "If the documents were available and could have been disclosed earlier than this will weigh against acceptance of the documents."<ref name=":13">Waldman, Lorne, ''Canadian Immigration & Refugee Law Practice'', Markham, Ont.: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2018, ISBN 9780433478928, ISSN [tel:1912-0311 1912-0311], <<nowiki>https://search.library.utoronto.ca/details?5022478</nowiki>> (Accessed April 1, 2020) at page 1724 of the PDF.</ref> For example, in ''Mercado v. Canada'' the court commented with approval that the RPD "considered that the applicant had more than two years to obtain this documentation and that it should have been easy to access because the principal applicant seemed to indicate that the tax return was in his father’s possession in Venezuela."<ref name=":12" /> **<u>Was a party's ability to produce this document affected by the Covid-19 pandemic?</u> The RPD should consider the principle set out in the (now revoked) 2020 ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on the resumption of in-person hearings'' that it would apply the rules flexibly in light of Covid-19.<ref name=":15" /> The following is an example of how this factor was considered in one decision: the RPD considered the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, but noted that (a) Mr. Mohammed had been in Canada for almost two years prior to the pandemic; (b) state and central government offices in Telangana were functioning at full strength as of May 11, 2021, and that all COVID restrictions had been lifted on June 19, 2021. Finally, from a broader policy perspective, the RPD noted that while the ''RPD Rules'' contemplated a flexible, accessible, and adaptive tribunal process, the timely disclosure of documents in accordance with the ''Rules'' promoted efficiency and access to justice. Since the factors weighed against admission of the evidence, the RPD declined to admit the affidavits.<ref>''Mohammed v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2024 FC 713 (CanLII), at para 24, <https://canlii.ca/t/k4jc6#par24>, retrieved on 2024-07-03.</ref> Furthermore, the Board is to consider any other relevant factors, which have included: *<u>When were the documents actually disclosed?</u> As stated in the Board's public commentary on the previous version of these rules under the heading ''Other factors the Division may consider where disclosure is late'', "The Division may also consider other relevant factors such as ... when the documents were actually disclosed. Thus the parties should make every effort to disclose their documents as soon as possible."<ref name=":8" /> The ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues'' states: "The application must be made as soon as possible. Parties should not wait until the day of the hearing to present documents to the RPD."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <<nowiki>https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx</nowiki>>, at 4.4.</ref> For example, in one decision on this matter RAD Member Angus Grant noted that it was relevant that the documents had been submitted "a full five days prior to the hearing".<ref>''X (Re),'' 2019 CanLII 140842 (CA IRB), par. 18, <http://canlii.ca/t/j8rc1#par18>, retrieved on 2020-12-17.</ref> *<u>Was the Board aware at an earlier date that a mistake was made in providing the document, and what actions did the Board take?</u> The Federal Court noted in ''Balasundaram v. Canada'' that "Reasonableness underlying fairness is also based on expectations. Norms of conduct develop and persons come to rely upon them. One of those norms that normally applies is that obvious slips and omissions will not be automatically fatal and may be corrected. For example, the failure to include an attachment to an email raises the expectation that the addressee will advise the sender of his or her error."<ref>''Balasundaram v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2015 FC 38 (CanLII), par. 30, <https://canlii.ca/t/gg2lx#par30>, retrieved on 2021-03-31.</ref> *<u>Will admitting the documents result in delay to the proceedings?</u> Lorne Waldman writes in his text that a panel properly considers "whether or not the admission of the late disclosure will result in a lengthy delay in the proceedings."<ref name=":13" /> Where it would, this would point against admission of the late document. Where it would not, this would support admitting the document. *<u>Would admitting the evidence cause prejudice to the other party in the proceedings?</u> The court considered this factor in ''Hasan v. Canada'' when it concluded that the Board was wrong to refuse late evidence in a case where the Minister was not participating.<ref>''Hasan v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2004 FC 1537 (CanLII), para. 12.</ref> Lorne Waldman writes in his text that "In light of the wording of these Rules and given the importance of the procedure to the individual involved, it is certainly arguable that relevant documents should be excluded only if their admission would be highly prejudicial to one of the parties and if this prejudice could not be rectified by a short adjournment."<ref>Waldman, Lorne, ''Canadian Immigration & Refugee Law Practice'', Markham, Ont.: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2018, ISBN 9780433478928, ISSN [tel:1912-0311 1912-0311], <<nowiki>https://search.library.utoronto.ca/details?5022478</nowiki>> (Accessed April 1, 2020) at page 1720 of the PDF.</ref> *<u>Are there any relevant personal circumstances of the claimant?</u> As stated in the Board's public commentary on the previous version of these rules under the heading ''Other factors the Division may consider where disclosure is late'', "The Division may also consider other relevant factors such as the personal circumstances of the claimant".<ref name=":8" /> For example, one may consider the statement in the Board's SOGIE guidelines that "A reasonable delay may also arise out of an individual's reluctance to reveal their <abbr>SOGIE</abbr> to a spouse or other family member, or in their realizing or accepting their <abbr>SOGIE</abbr>."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Chairperson's Guideline 9: Proceedings Before the IRB Involving Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression,'' <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Pages/GuideDir09.aspx>, at section 8.5.11.</ref> === Rule concerns use of undisclosed documents at a hearing, as opposed to other types of proceedings === Rule 36 provides that a party who does not provide a document in accordance with Rule 34 (which specifies the process and timeline for disclosure of documents by a party) must not use the document at the hearing unless allowed to do so by the Division as per the process specified above. In interpreting this rule, the definitions section in Rule 1 provides a definition of a "proceeding" which is apposite. It defines a proceeding as including "a conference, an application or a hearing". As such, the fact that such documents cannot be used at a "hearing" appears to imply that they may be used in other types of proceedings, subject to other relevant rules. One such rule is Rule 43 concerning additional documents provided after a hearing. If the hearing has occurred, then any documents provided afterwards must meet the requirements of that rule. The fact that this rule does not limit a party's ability to use documents in, say, a pre-hearing application or conference stems from the wording of Rule 34, which establishes the deadline for providing such documents as being "10 days before the date fixed for the hearing". Instead, if a late-filed document being relied upon in a pre-hearing conference or application were to cause prejudice to another party, then general principles of procedural fairness would guide the Board's actions. === The Division may impose conditions on the use of late documents === As stated in the Board's public commentary on the previous version of these rules, "Where the Division allows the use of a document provided outside the time limit in the rules, it may impose conditions on its use that it considers appropriate. For example, the Division may decide that only certain relevant portions of a long document will be referred to."<ref name=":8">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Commentaries to the Refugee Protection Division Rules'', Date Modified: 2009-05-22 <https://web.archive.org/web/20100704062357/http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/eng/brdcom/references/aclo/pages/rpdcomment.aspx> (Accessed January 28, 2020).</ref> === If the panel admits late documents pursuant to Rule 36, it should not then assign those documents low weight for the sole reason that they are late === In ''Pineda v. Canada'', the Division had accepted documents that were submitted late. However, in its reasons, the tribunal concluded that it would afford the documents little weight because of the late disclosure. The court concluded that this was in error: "having exercised its discretion to allow the filing of this evidence pursuant to Rule 30 outside of the delay provided for in Rule 29, it appears somewhat counterintuitive considering the criteria to be used in the exercise of such discretion to then assign very little weight to this evidence on the basis that it was filed late and without considering the explanation provided by the applicant as to why it was so."<ref>''Pineda v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship & Immigration),'' [2010] F.C.J. No. 538, 2010 FC 454 (F.C.), para. 35.</ref> === The Rule 36 factors need not be considered where a document is otherwise inadmissible, for example where it has not been translated === The requirement that the tribunal consider whether to accept a late document does not apply where the issue is not the lateness of the document but rather the lack of a proper translation. In ''Soares v. Canada'' the court held that this rule need not be considered in a case where the issue is not that a document had been disclosed late, but rather that it has been disclosed without translation.<ref>''Soares v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship & Immigration),'' [2007] F.C.J. No. 254, 2007 FC 190 (F.C.).</ref> In short, the fact that a party is attempting to provide untranslated analysis late does not change the fact that both this rule and Rule 32 properly apply in such circumstances: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 31-43 - Documents#Where evidence has not been translated in accordance with the rules, the Board may decline to accept it or may assign it low weight]]. == RPD Rule 37 - Rules 38-41 apply to any document == <pre>Providing a Document General provision 37 Rules 38 to 41 apply to any document, including a notice or request in writing.</pre> == RPD Rule 38 - How to provide documents to the Division, the Minister, and any other person == <pre>Providing documents to Division 38 (1) A document to be provided to the Division must be provided to the registry office specified by the Division. Providing documents to Minister (2) A document to be provided to the Minister must be provided to the Minister’s counsel. Providing documents to person other than Minister (3) A document to be provided to a person other than the Minister must be provided to the person’s counsel if the person has counsel of record. If the person does not have counsel of record, the document must be provided to the person.</pre> == RPD Rule 39 - Ways that a document may be provided == <pre>How to provide document 39 Unless these Rules provide otherwise, a document may be provided in any of the following ways: (a) by hand; (b) by regular mail or registered mail; (c) by courier; (d) by fax if the recipient has a fax number and the document is no more than 20 pages long, unless the recipient consents to receiving more than 20 pages; and (e) by email or other electronic means if the Division allows.</pre> === This limit was increased to 50 pages by practice notice during the Covid period, but the limit returned to 20 pages afterwards === As per the ''Practice Notice on the resumption of in-person hearings'' from the RPD dated June 24, 2020, the 20 page limit for faxes was increased to 50 pages.<ref name=":15">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on the resumption of in-person hearings,'' June 24, 2020, <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-hearing-resumption.aspx> (Accessed June 24, 2020). This practice notice related to Covid is no longer in effect, but was in effect until September 9, 2024: <https://irb.gc.ca/en/news/2024/Pages/rpd-pnpi.aspx>.</ref> On September 9, 2024, that Covid-related practice notice was revoked, and the page limit for fax would seem to return to the 20 pages specified in the rules now. The successor practice notice states that "a party and their counsel are encouraged to use electronic means of communication with the RPD such as email, Connect (formerly ePost Connect) and the My Case portal​."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx>, at 3.1.</ref> === Unless consent to receive more than 20 pages by fax is received prior to sending the document, the document will not be considered to have been received === As stated in the Board's public commentary on the previous version of these rules, "The maximum number of pages that may be faxed to the Division or to another party is 20 pages, including a cover sheet. The recipient's consent must be obtained ''before'' faxing a document or package of documents longer than 20 pages; otherwise, the documents will not be considered to have been received."<ref name=":8" /> === The RPD allows documents to be sent by email and other electronic means, with certain provisos === RPD Rule 39 states that a document may be provided by email or other electronic means if the Division allows. The RPD states that a party and their counsel are encouraged to use electronic means of communication with the <abbr>RPD</abbr> such as email, Connect (formerly ePost Connect) and the My Case portal​. If a party chooses to use email, the RPD provides that "documents submitted by email must be in PDF format as attachments."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues,'' Date modified: 2024-09-09, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-procedural-issues.aspx>, at 3.1.</ref> Furthermore, "the subject line of the email must state the <abbr>RPD</abbr> File Number, the date of the hearing, if applicable, and the type of document."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Questions and answers: Practice Notice on Procedural Issues, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pnpi-qa.aspx>, at question 9.</ref> If a party chooses to use Connect (formerly ePost Connect), the requirements for doing so are set out in the ''Refugee Protection Division Practice Notice: Exchange of documents through Canada Post Connect''.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Refugee Protection Division Practice Notice: Exchange of documents through Canada Post Connect,'' Date modified: 2024-05-27, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/procedures/Pages/rpd-pn-epost-connect.aspx>.</ref> == RPD Rule 40 - Application if unable to provide document == <pre>Application if unable to provide document 40 (1) If a party is unable to provide a document in a way required by rule 39, the party may make an application to the Division to be allowed to provide the document in another way or to be excused from providing the document. Form of application (2) The application must be made in accordance with rule 50. Allowing application (3) The Division must not allow the application unless the party has made reasonable efforts to provide the document to the person to whom the document must be provided.</pre> === Rule 40(3): The party must have made reasonable efforts to provide the document to the person to whom the document must be provided === This is an issue that arises with applications to vacate and cease refugee protection where the protected person cannot be located: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rule 64 - Applications to Vacate or to Cease Refugee Protection#Rule 64(3): The Minister must provide a copy of the application to the protected person]]. Such applications may proceed in the absence of the person concerned unless doing so would amount to a breach of the tribunal's duty of fairness. The Division must not allow an application to proceed without having provided notice to the person concerned unless the Minister can show, to the Division's satisfaction, that reasonable efforts have been made to provide the document as required, as stated in Rule 40(3). In determining applications under rule 40, the RPD has considered such factors as: * the Minister’s efforts to search internet databases, * the Minister's searches in the Canadian Police Information Centre database, * the Minister's personal attendance at the last known address, * the Minister's attempts to reach the protected person at the last known telephone number, and * the relative quality of the Minister’s evidence on the merits of the application to cease.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Legal Resources - Chapter 12 - Applications to Cease Refugee Protection'', <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/legal-concepts/Pages/RefDef12.aspx#n1242> (Accessed December 6, 2020), at s. 12.4.2.</ref> == RPD Rule 41 - When documents are considered received == <pre>When document received by Division 41 (1) A document provided to the Division is considered to be received by the Division on the day on which the document is date-stamped by the Division. When document received by recipient other than Division (2) A document provided by regular mail other than to the Division is considered to be received seven days after the day on which it was mailed. If the seventh day is not a working day, the document is considered to be received on the next working day. Extension of time limit — next working day (3) When the time limit for providing a document ends on a day that is not a working day, the time limit is extended to the next working day.</pre> === The fact that a document is "considered to be received" on a particular day creates a rebuttable presumption of fact === Rule 41(2) states that "a document provided by regular mail...is considered to be received seven days after the day on which it was mailed." The fact that a document is "considered to be received" on that date means that it can be presumed, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that the document was received on the date in question. However, this is a rebuttable presumption of fact. Where, for example, the mail is returned as undeliverable, the presumption would not hold. Similarly, if information came to the attention of the sender that the document in question in reality was received on a later day, for example because the recipient was outside of the country for an extended period, then it would not be proper to simply "consider" the document as having been received after the seven-day period. This interpretation is supported by the Board's public commentary on the previous version of the rules which held that the fact that a document is "considered to be received" in this way "does not relieve a party of ensuring that [it was actually received]": "If a document is sent by regular mail, [this subsection] of the Rules states that the document is considered to be received seven days after the day it was mailed. If the seventh day is not a working day, the document is considered received on the next working day. However, mailing the document does not relieve a party of ensuring that the Division actually receives the document within the specified time limit."<ref name=":8" /> Similarly, while it will be presumed that a notice of hearing mailed to a claimant (or their counsel) provides adequate notice of a hearing, where the evidence establishes that the notice was not in fact received, then any abandonment determination could be set aside, subject to a broader examination of the principles relevant to abandonment proceedings including whether the claimant was diligent in keeping the Board up-to-date with their contact information.<ref>''Anwar v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', [2003] FCJ No 622 (FC), as cited in Martin David Jones and Sasha Baglay. ''Refugee Law (Second Edition)''. Irwin Law, 2017, page 307.</ref> In Waldman's words, "in a specific case it may be possible to overcome the deeming provision if the claimant can show that in fact the [document] was not received within the stipulated seven day period. However, there will be an onus on the claimant to establish through cogent evidence that that was the case."<ref>Waldman, Lorne, ''Immigration Law and Practice, 2nd Edition (Butterworths)'', Looseleaf at 9-226.7 (Section 9.540) Rel. 68-4/2018.</ref> ''Ghaloghlyan'' ''v. Canada'' provides guidance on what it takes to prove that a document was sent:<blockquote>9. Thus, the question becomes: what does it take to prove on a balance of probabilities that a document was sent? In my opinion, to find that a document was “correctly sent”, as that term is used in ''Kaur'', it must have been sent to the address supplied by an applicant by a means capable of verifying that the document actually <u>went on its way</u> to the applicant. 10. For example, with respect to documents, proving that a letter went on its way is verified by sending it by registered mail and producing documentation that this was the manner of sending, or by producing an affidavit from the person who actually posted the letter. Proving that a fax went on its way is verified by producing a fax log of sent messages confirming the sending. Proving that an email went on its way is verified by producing a printout of the sender’s e-mail sent box showing the message concerned was addressed to the e-mail address supplied for sending, and as no indication of non-delivery, the e-mail did not “bounce back”. Other evidence that a document went on its way might suffice; the determination in each case depends on the evidence advanced.<ref>''Ghaloghlyan v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2011 FC 1252, paras. 9-10.</ref></blockquote>One way that this is commonly done on files is through the generation of what is titled a “Statement that a Document was Provided”, which contains an express statement that a was served on a particular date and which a Registry Officer signs at the bottom of the form.<ref>''Avci v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2024 FC 354 (CanLII), at para 27, <https://canlii.ca/t/k3k2l#par27>, retrieved on 2024-04-28.</ref> Similarly, at the bottom of the Notice to Appear, there will typically be a reference to the document having been transmitted by, say, regular mail to the applicant. This has been found by the Federal Court to constitute sufficient proof that a document was sent.<ref name=":17">''Yu v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2024 FC 1189 (CanLII), at para 13, <https://canlii.ca/t/k61w7#par13>, retrieved on 2024-08-20.</ref> Upon proof on a balance of probabilities that a document was sent to an applicant, a rebuttable presumption arises that the applicant received it, and the applicant’s statement that it was not received, on its own, does not rebut the presumption.<ref>''Ghaloghlyan v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2011 FC 1252, para. 8.</ref> In ''Yu v. Canada'', the court held that "given that the Notice to Appear was sent to the Applicant’s most updated address on file where the Applicant has confirmed receipt of other documentation both before and after the date of the Notice to Appear, I am satisfied that a presumption of delivery arises and the risk of non-delivery rests with the Applicant whose statement that she did not receive it is insufficient to rebut the presumption of delivery."<ref name=":17" /> === Documents sent to another Division of the Board will not automatically be placed on the RPD file === Persons with matters before the RPD may also have matters before another Division of the Board, including the Immigration Division, or the Refugee Appeal Division (as when a matter is appealed and then remitted for reconsideration by the RAD). Documents submitted to those other Divisions will not automatically be placed on the record at the RPD and it is generally up to a party to submit such documents to the RPD if they want the RPD to consider them. == RPD Rule 42 - Original documents == <pre>Original Documents Original documents 42 (1) A party who has provided a copy of a document to the Division must provide the original document to the Division (a) without delay, on the written request of the Division; or (b) if the Division does not make a request, no later than at the beginning of the proceeding at which the document will be used. Documents referred to in paragraph 3(5)(e) or (g) (2) On the written request of the Division, the Minister must without delay provide to the Division the original of any document referred to in paragraph 3(5)(e) or (g) that is in the possession of an officer.</pre> === One of the purposes of original documents being made available to the Division is to allow for the verification of those original documents === Rule 42 provides that a party who has provided a copy of a document to the Division must also provide the original document to the Division. One of the purposes of this relates to the integrity of the process and the ability of the Division to assess the authenticity of the original document. For example, the ''Instructions for Gathering and Disclosing Information for Refugee Protection Division Proceedings'' state that where, after consulting with the responsible member manager, the assigned member forms the opinion that forensic verification is necessary, they may direct the RPD adjudicative support team to send the document to the RCMP Forensic Laboratory Services for verification.<ref>''Instructions for Gathering and Disclosing Information for Refugee Protection Division Proceedings,'' Instructions issued by the Chairperson pursuant to section 159(1)(a) of the ''Immigration and Refugee Protection Act'', amended December, 2012 <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Pages/InstructInfo.aspx> (Accessed November 28, 2021).</ref> The average turn around time for forensic examination is 120 days. Hence, the assigned member must consider whether forensic verification will unreasonably delay the proceedings beyond the parameters set by legislation. == RPD Rule 43 - Additional documents provided as evidence after a hearing == <pre>Additional Documents Documents after hearing 43 (1) A party who wants to provide a document as evidence after a hearing but before a decision takes effect must make an application to the Division. Application (2) The party must attach a copy of the document to the application that must be made in accordance with rule 50, but the party is not required to give evidence in an affidavit or statutory declaration. Factors (3) In deciding the application, the Division must consider any relevant factors, including (a) the document’s relevance and probative value; (b) any new evidence the document brings to the proceedings; and (c) whether the party, with reasonable effort, could have provided the document as required by rule 34.</pre> === History === The present RPD Rule 43 is similar, but not identical, to the previous Rule 37 in the older, 2002, version of the rules:<ref>''Cox v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2012 FC 1220 (CanLII), at para 23, <https://canlii.ca/t/ftgjl#par23>, retrieved on 2022-07-07.</ref><pre>Additional documents after the hearing has ended 37. (1) A party who wants to provide a document as evidence after a hearing must make an application to the Division. Written application (2) The party must attach a copy of the document to the application. The application must be made under rule 44, but the party is not required to give evidence in an affidavit or statutory declaration. Factors (3) In deciding the application, the Division must consider any relevant factors, including: (a) the document’s relevance and probative value; (b) any new evidence it brings to the proceedings; and (c) whether the party, with reasonable effort, could have provided the document as required by rule 29.</pre> === Rule 43 applies to evidence, not submissions, caselaw, or other tribunal decisions === Rule 43 does not apply to submissions made after a hearing. This is because, as stated in <em>Yared Belay v. Canada</em>, this rule sets out a procedure for filing evidence after a hearing, not submissions.<ref name=":0">''Yared Belay v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2016 FC 1387 (CanLII), paras. 41-42 <https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/fct/doc/2016/2016fc1387/2016fc1387.html>.</ref> Furthermore, a party cannot make an application to submit another decision of the Refugee Protection Division, or indeed some other tribunal, or a piece of caselaw pursuant to this rule. As the court commented in ''Petrovic v. Canada:''<blockquote>I do not find that a copy of a tribunal decision constitutes “evidence” under subsection 43(1) of the Rules for the following reasons. First, the RPD is not required to analyze each piece of case law, as it would material evidence. Second, with the presentation of new evidence, the opposing party is generally given the opportunity to make submissions on the admissibility of said evidence, including cross‑examination. It is difficult to imagine how anyone could oppose the admissibility of a piece of case law (decision). Lastly, if Parliament wanted previous RPD decisions to constitute evidence under section 43 of the Rules, I believe it would have explicitly indicated so.<ref name=":5">''Petrovic v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2016 FC 637 (CanLII), para. 11.</ref></blockquote>The relevant rule for extending the time to supply non-evidentiary documents is Rule 70 ([[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 69-71 - General Provisions#RPD Rule 70 - Power to change a rule, excuse a person from a rule, extend a time limit, or act on its own initiative]]). All of this said, the court has held that in some situations where the RPD accepts post-hearing submissions, it may be unreasonable not to accept the evidence on which those submissions were based.<ref>''Engenlbers v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2022 FC 1545 (CanLII), at para 22, <https://canlii.ca/t/jt03h#par22>, retrieved on 2022-12-17.</ref> === The Division has no substantive duty to accept post-hearing evidence or submissions, but it must consider the newly submitted evidence expressly === As held in ''Aguilera v Canada'', the Board "has no duty to accept post-hearing evidence or to allow submissions thereon".<ref>''Aguilera v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2008 FC 507, 167 ACWS (3d) 967.</ref> It does, however, have a duty to "acknowledge the post-hearing evidence submitted by the Applicants and to explain why it should or should not be considered".<ref>''Mannan v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2015 FC 144 (CanLII), para. 52.</ref> In short, "the Board ha[s] a duty to consider the newly submitted evidence expressly".<ref>''Matingou-Testie v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2012 FC 389, [2012] FCJ No 401 at para 43.</ref> This duty extends until such time as the decision is rendered.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2015 CanLII 108739 (CA IRB), paras. 13-19.</ref> Where a panel fails to acknowledge and review a claimant's post-hearing evidentiary submissions, it will have violated the principles of natural justice and procedural fairness in the adjudication of the claim. However, this obligation does not entitle a claimant to any particular result other than a fair process in which the relevant rules, such as Rule 43, are considered and the evidence is then either accepted or rejected. This obligation to consider newly submitted evidence expressly applies even where the Rule 43 application may be scant, or missing details. For example, in ''Cox v. Canada'', the court considered a situation in which the Minister argued that: <blockquote>the Board had no duty to consider expressly the application to admit the evidence in its reasons because the application did not comply with all of the requirements of Rule 37. Particularly, the Respondent underlines the want of explanation in the application as to why the evidence could not have been submitted in time for the hearing. </blockquote>The court dismissed this argument, concluding that the Board had a duty to consider the newly submitted evidence expressly notwithstanding the lack of such submissions on one of the factors enumerated in the relevant rule.<ref>''Cox v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2012 FC 1220 (CanLII), at para 24, <https://canlii.ca/t/ftgjl#par24>, retrieved on 2022-07-07.</ref> See also the following commentary: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 31-43 - Documents#New evidence submitted post-hearing should be assessed pursuant to Rule 43 even where the party does not explicitly refer to the rule]]. === New evidence submitted post-hearing should be assessed pursuant to Rule 43 even where the party does not explicitly refer to the rule === In ''Shuaib'', the Court addressed the issue of whether the RPD could reject post-hearing documents on the basis that no formal application for their admission was made in accordance with Rule 43. The Court found that providing the documents, accompanied by an explanation as to why they should be considered, met the requirements of the Rules.<ref>''Mannan v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2015 FC 144 (CanLII), para. 46.</ref> The Court determined that the RPD made a reviewable error in ignoring the post-hearing evidence. Similarly, the RAD has held that the RPD erred in not considering documents where it was "implicit in the correspondence to the RPD that an application was being made to have further evidence considered post-hearing." Member M. Pettinella of the RAD commented on this obligation as follows in one case: <blockquote>The RAD notes that the Minister’s correspondence was received by the Board after the Appellant’s hearing and before a decision was rendered by the RPD. It is implicit in the Minister’s correspondence to the RPD that an application was being made to have further evidence considered post-hearing. The RPD erred when it failed to consider the Minister’s correspondence as an application. The RPD had an obligation to consider the Minister’s application and determine if the evidence was admissible within its rules. RPD rule 43(3) indicates that the RPD must consider any relevant factors, including, the document’s relevance and probative value; any new evidence the document brings to the proceedings; and whether the party, with reasonable effort, could have provided the document as required by rule [43].<ref>''X (Re),'' 2016 CanLII 107435 (CA IRB), para. 17.</ref> </blockquote> === The Board must consider each of the Rule 43(3) factors === Pursuant to Rule 43(3), in deciding this type of application, the Division must consider any relevant factors, including: *(a) the document’s relevance and probative value *(b) any new evidence the document brings to the proceedings *(c) whether the party, with reasonable effort, could have provided the document as required by rule 34 As such, the Board is required to consider the relevance, probative value, newness of the documents, as well as whether the party, with reasonable effort, could have provided the document on time, i.e. factors that are the same as those enumerated in Rules 36(a), (b), and (c). The text ''Refugee Law'' states that "the criteria for the receipt of post-hearing evidence are similar to the long-established grounds at common law by which an individual may tender new evidence on appeal."<ref>Martin David Jones and Sasha Baglay. ''Refugee Law (Second Edition)''. Irwin Law, 2017, page 304.</ref> The court has held that "While the list of factors to be considered in [Rule 36] is not exhaustive, the use of the word “including” rather than the words “such as” before the list of factors indicates the intent that each of the factors included in the sub-rule be considered. A failure to do so gives rise to a breach of procedural fairness."<ref name=":2">''Cox v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2012 FC 1220 (CanLII), para. 27.</ref> As such, in a case where the Board's decision weighed only one factor, the court concluded that it had erred. === Rule 43(3) factors are not exhaustive, and as such, the Board may consider additional factors === The fact that, per Rule 43(3), the Division should consider "any relevant factors" means that it is not limited to the factors above, which are enumerated in the rule, and may consider other factors. In the words of Mr. Justice Near, "the list of factors to be considered in Rule 37(3) is not exhaustive" and the same principle would apply here.<ref name=":2" /> === The consideration of the Rule 43(3) factors in past decisions === See the discussion of the identical factors in the commentary for Rule 36 above ([[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 31-43 - Documents#RPD Rule 36 - Use of undisclosed documents]]). Additional factors particular to post-hearing documents that have been considered have included: *'''Whether a claimant made an earlier application to provide post-hearing documents that did not include this type of document:''' Where a panel has provided a claimant with leave to submit some specified type of document post-hearing, the claimant should not expect that another, unrelated, type of document will be allowed absent an application on point. In ''Farkas v. Canada'', the court noted that "the post-hearing documents actually submitted do not fit within the type for which the RPD had given leave to file, that is to say 'corroborative police and/or medical documents'. As the post-hearing evidence did not fall within the scope of the RPD’s grant of permission, the RPD would have been justified rejecting it."<ref>''Farkas v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2014 FC 542 (CanLII), para. 13.</ref> *'''Whether the document exists at the time of the application:''' At times, parties will apply for a proceeding to be held in abeyance until some document comes into their possession, for example a court decision from a foreign judicial process that has not yet concluded. This rule does not apply to such requests because this rule only applies where the party has and submits a copy of the document that it wants the Board to consider, per Rule 43(2). Instead, requests for leave to provide documents post-hearing, and to refrain from providing a decision until such documents are provided are not strictly assessed under Rule 43, but should instead be considered based on the Board's plenary jurisdiction. === Requests to submit a document post-hearing that the claimant does not have in their possession are not made pursuant to Rule 43 === At times, a party will request that a proceeding be held in abeyance until some document comes into their possession, for example a court decision from a foreign judicial process that has not yet concluded. RPD Rule 43 does not apply to such requests because this rule only applies where the party has and submits a copy of the document that it wants the Board to consider, per Rule 43(2). Instead, requests for leave to provide documents post-hearing, and to refrain from providing a decision until such documents are provided are not strictly assessed under Rule 43, but should instead be considered based on the Board's plenary jurisdiction. The court has held that fundamental justice requires a tribunal to delay its decision if it knows that, given a reasonable time, an applicant can obtain a crucial document.<ref>''Iqbal, Muhammad v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', (F.C.T.D., no. IMM-4207-93), Muldoon, May 7, 1996. Reported: Iqbal v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (1996), 33 Imm. L.R. (2d) 179 (F.C.T.D.).</ref> In some cases, such requests will relate to an ongoing foreign process, such as a trial in another country. The general approach is to decline to hold a proceeding in abeyance pending the outcome of a foreign process, but it should be noted that, when considering the overall scheme of the Act, in cases where the person has been charged with an offence in Canada punishable by ten or more years, and the criminal proceedings are still pending, the officer has the discretion to await the outcome of the trial before making a determination as to an individual's admissibility to file a claim.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, SC 2001, c 27, s 100(2) <http://canlii.ca/t/53z6t#sec100subsec2> retrieved on 2020-04-13.</ref> As such, there is some precedent in the IRPA for putting proceedings into abeyance pending another proceeding's conclusion and documents related thereto becoming available. In ''Faysal v. Canada'', the court commented that the RAD did not act fairly where it concluded that an appellant had not established his identity, without waiting on the results of his passport application, the result of that process potentially being determinative of his identity: <blockquote>The Applicant’s enrollment date for the passport application was January 11, 2019. Based on the NDP, the Applicant’s passport may therefore not be verified until January 11, 2020. The RAD, however, issued its decision on October 9, 2019 — well within the six to twelve month verification process outlined in the NDP. ... [T]he RAD...had the ability to assess the application’s results after it had run its expected course. I find that the RAD’s failure to do so, in light of the passport’s materiality, renders its decision unreasonable.<ref>''Faysal v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2021 FC 324 (CanLII), at para 27, <https://canlii.ca/t/jfqkt#par27>, retrieved on 2024-01-13.</ref> </blockquote> The court held in ''Gulamsakhi v. Canada'' that the Board should generally have a liberal approach to allowing reasonable requests to submit post-hearing documents given the issues that are usually at stake in refugee claims:<blockquote>In my opinion, in the circumstances of this case, the RPD erred in refusing to grant the Applicant an adjournment or permission to file evidence later. All adjournments require a balancing of the many circumstances of the case. Here, the primary error was that the RPD did not factor into its balancing the consequences of deportation for this Applicant. ... In the present case, particularly given the potentially horrific fate awaiting the Applicant, not only at the hands of her husband but also at the hands of criminal and possibly religious justice authorities, and given little prejudice an adjournment would realistically cause the RPD or Canadian authorities, in my view in the circumstances overall fairness required the RPD to grant the adjournment to enable the Applicant to provide the RPD with the corroborating documents it was requested.<ref>''Gulamsakhi v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2015 FC 105 (CanLII), at para 25, <https://canlii.ca/t/ggp7p#par25>, retrieved on 2023-11-02.</ref></blockquote>See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Parties are entitled to timely decisions and reasons therefor]]. === If credibility concerns emerge from documents submitted by a claimant post-hearing, the panel generally need not resume the hearing === The general rule is that the RPD has no obligation to return to a claimant with concerns arising from their own post-hearing submissions. The court has stated that "To do so would be onerous on the RPD. It must be kept in mind that it was up to the Applicants to submit credible and corroborative evidence to support their claim."<ref>''Behary v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2015 FC 794 (CanLII), para. 31.</ref> This conclusion may differ where the Minister is involved in a proceeding and their post-hearing submissions raise issues as to the credibility of the claimant, or vice versa. See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 3-13 - Information and Documents to be Provided#The Division has the discretion to reconvene a hearing]]. == References == <references responsive="" /> h4hdr8ibl3b4ak3tv66ias3rzs1lfoo Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to an independent decision-maker 0 413243 4442396 4441159 2024-10-24T20:56:48Z Refcanimm 3267488 4442396 wikitext text/x-wiki Parties are entitled to an independent decision maker.<ref>''Bourbonnais v. Canada (Attorney General),'' 2004 FC 1754, [2005] 4 F.C.R. 529 at paras. 49-57, 267 F.T.R. 169.</ref> When we speak of independence, we are referring to the ability of the decision-maker to render decisions in an atmosphere that is free from inappropriate influences so that they approach and determine the matters in issue freely and in a sufficiently dispassionate and disinterested way.<ref>Laverne A. Jacobs, Tribunal Independence and Impartiality: Rethinking the Theory after Bell and Ocean Port Hotel—A Call for Empirical Analysis, Essays In Administrative Law and Justice (2001–2007), <https://ciaj-icaj.ca/wp-content/uploads/documents/2016/09/pub2007-2.pdf?id=7966&1474963642>.</ref> Key legal issues that have emerged related to this independence follow. == The right to an independent decision-maker == The ''Code of Conduct for Members of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada'' stipulates that "Members shall not be influenced by extraneous or improper considerations in their decision-making. Members shall make their decisions free from the improper influence of other persons, institutions, interest groups or the political process."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Code of Conduct for Members of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada,'' Effective Date: April 9, 2019, <<nowiki>https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/members/Pages/MemComCode.aspx</nowiki>> (Accessed May 3, 2020), at section 34.</ref> There is a presumption that a Member will perform their duties independently and in accordance with their oath and legal obligations.<ref name=":3">''Mohammad v. Canada (Minister of Employment & Immigration),'' 1988 CanLII 9450 (FCA), [1989] 2 FC 363, <https://canlii.ca/t/g91pk>, retrieved on 2023-11-13, page 385.</ref> The requirement that decisions in refugee matters be made (or be reviewable) by an independent decision-maker not only emerges from Canada's domestic law, but also arises from Canada’s international obligations. The independence of tribunals is provided for in article 14 of the ''International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights''.<ref>UN General Assembly, ''International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights'', United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171, 16 December 1966, https://www.refworld.org/legal/agreements/unga/1966/en/17703</ref> The UN Human Rights Committee has also found, in ''Alzery v Sweden'', that effective, independent review of the decision to expel prior to expulsion is necessitated by the nature of the ''non-refoulement'' obligation under article 7 of the ''International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights'', as read with the right to effective remedies under article 2 of that instrument.<ref>UN doc CCPR/C/88/D/1416/2005 (10 November 2006).</ref> The following are some of the more specific ways that this right to an independent decision-maker applies to the IRB process. === Decision-makers must be free of any reasonable apprehension of bias === Decision makers must enjoy independence from the parties to the cases before them.<ref>Burgh House Principles On The Independence Of The International Judiciary, ''Study Group of the International Law Association on the Practice and Procedure of International Courts and Tribunals'', <https://docs.pca-cpa.org/2020/04/ef1f0fb6-burgh-house-principles.pdf> (Accessed September 30, 2022).</ref> Indeed, the court holds that the Immigration and Refugee Board is structured to operate as an administrative tribunal with as much independence from its sponsoring Department as is ever found in the contemporary administrative justice system.<ref>''Ahumada'', 2001 FCA 97.</ref> The fact that the government or a Minister may have made comments about a case in public or the House of Commons cannot itself be taken to create a reasonable apprehension of bias that the Member will decide the case unfairly.<ref name=":3" /> For a discussion of the doctrine of bias, or a reasonable apprehension thereof, as it relates to any relationship, past or present, between the decision-maker and the parties or those who may benefit from the decision, see: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to an unbiased decision-maker#Any relationship, past or present, between the decision-maker and the party/parties or those who may benefit from the decision]]. See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to an impartial decision-maker#Exposure to political and bilateral relations considerations]]. === The IRB may use "soft law" instruments such as policy statements, guidelines, manuals, and handbooks === The Federal Court of Appeal holds that administrative agencies do not require an express grant of statutory authority in order to use “soft law” such as policy statements, guidelines, manuals and handbooks to structure the exercise of their discretion.<ref>''Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship),'' 2020 FCA 196 (CanLII), par. 45, <http://canlii.ca/t/jblsl#par45>, retrieved on 2020-11-17.</ref> In any event, the IRPA provides an express grant of authority to the Chairperson to issue guidelines in writing to members of the Board and identify decisions of the Board as jurisprudential guides. Members are expected to follow such guidelines unless compelling or exceptional reasons exist to depart from them.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Policy on the Use of Chairperson's Guidelines and Jurisprudential Guides,'' July 7​, 2022, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Pages/policy-chairperson-guidelines-jurisprudential-guides.aspx> (Accessed July 2022).</ref> See the discussion of this authority at the commentary on section 159 of the IRPA: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/159 - Duties of Chairperson]]. === The Board may not fetter the discretion of Members and Members may not fetter their own discretion === ==== Members should engage in an independent assessment of the case before them ==== Every application should be considered individually.<ref>''Akinfolajimi v. Canada (MCI)'', 2018 FC 722, at para. 30.</ref> A decision maker's reasons must make clear that they put their mind to the actual issues and made an independent decision based on the evidence.<ref>''Abdi v Canada (MCI),'' 2016 FC 1050 at para 26.</ref> For example, when a matter is remitted for redetermination, the new panel should not copy and paste from the prior decision in a way that calls into question whether they genuinely reconsidered the matter.<ref>''Belay v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 1154 (CanLII), at para 24, <https://canlii.ca/t/jzwtv#par24>.</ref> Similarly, a RAD Member may not dispose of an appeal in a few sentences by simply stating that they had reviewed the record, done an independent assessment, and agreed with the RPD.<ref>''Tan v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2022 FC 807 (CanLII), at para 10, <https://canlii.ca/t/jpl52#par10>.</ref> That said, while the RAD is required to undertake an independent review of the evidence, it need not engage in a repetitive analysis where the RAD is in agreement with both the outcome reached and the reasoning relied upon by the RPD.<ref>''Wiltshire, Simone Alecia v. M.C.I.'' (F.C., no. IMM-853-23), Gleeson, January 22, 2024; 2024 FC 103.</ref> See: * [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Each claim should be considered individually]] * [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Use of templates and precedents]] * [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Decision-making assigned to a Member must be done by the Member and shall not be delegated]] ==== The Board may not fetter the discretion of Members through policy statements or guidelines that take on a mandatory character ==== Fundamental to the right of a fair hearing is that a Board member exercise independent judgment in deciding a case on its merits free from undue influence. Where policy statements, guidelines, or other institutional actions fetter a decision-maker's independence, this can constitute undue influence upon the member and violate the principles of procedural fairness.<ref>''Benitez v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2006 FC 461 (CanLII), [2007] 1 FCR 107, par. 133, <https://canlii.ca/t/1n3nx#par133>, retrieved on 2021-07-17.</ref> The fettering of discretion doctrine has been used primarily to assess the validity of policy instruments such as guidelines.<ref>Houle, F. (2008). Thamotharem and Guideline 7 of the IRB: Rethinking the Scope of the Fettering of Discretion Doctrine. ''Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees'', ''25''(2), 103-118. Retrieved from https://refuge.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/refuge/article/view/26034, page 105.</ref> The fact that a guideline is intended to establish how discretion will normally be exercised is not enough to make it an unlawful fetter, as long as it does not preclude the possibility that the decision-maker may deviate from normal practice in the light of particular facts.<ref>''Thamotharem v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2007 FCA 198 (CanLII), [2008] 1 FCR 385, par. 78, <http://canlii.ca/t/1rmr4#par78>, retrieved on 2020-12-23.</ref> When assessing whether a policy statement or guideline amounts to an unlawful fetter on a decision-maker's discretion, courts have recourse to the factors from ''Ainsley'': (1) the language of the policy; (2) the practical effect of failing to comply with the policy; and (3) the evidence with respect to the expectations of the Commission and staff regarding the implementation of the policy.<ref>''Benitez v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2006 FC 461 (CanLII), [2007] 1 FCR 107, par. 130, <https://canlii.ca/t/1n3nx#par130>, retrieved on 2021-07-17.</ref> If a policy statement is actually a set of binding rules, then this will require legislative or regulatory authority. For discussion of this, see: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Documents#What is the Board's jurisdiction to limit voluminous country conditions disclosure?]]. An example of where a policy in the immigration context was held by the Federal Court of Appeal to have invalidly fettered discretion was a blanket directive issued by ''Citizenship and Immigration Canada'' prohibiting lawyers and representatives from attending interviews in the overseas refugee resettlement context. This policy was held by the court in ''Ha v. Canada'' to be invalid because it fettered visa officers’ discretion to consider each case on their facts and determine whether to allow lawyers to attend the interview.<ref>''Ha v Canada (MCI),'' 2004 FCA 49.</ref> ==== Members may not fetter their own discretion ==== In addition, Members may not fetter their ''own'' discretion through excessive deference to policy statements and other extraneous materials. Just as a decision-maker cannot “arrogate powers to themselves that they were never intended to have”, it is unreasonable for a decision maker to eschew powers they were intended to have.<ref>''Al-Lamy v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2024 FC 1621, para. 11.</ref> As the court held in ''Yanasik v. Canada'', a decision-maker cannot limit the exercise of the discretion imposed upon them by adopting a policy, and then refusing to consider other factors that are legally relevant.<ref>''Yanasik v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2021 FC 1319 (CanLII), at para 33, <https://canlii.ca/t/jl2k1#par33>, retrieved on 2021-12-21.</ref> The application of a policy guideline may amount to an unlawful fettering of a panel's discretion if it is applied without due consideration to the evidence and submissions in a particular case. Such a situation may arise where a member decides to apply the guideline without exception and ignores the evidence or submissions of counsel that there is reason to vary the procedure.<ref>''Benitez v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2006 FC 461 (CanLII), [2007] 1 FCR 107, par. 172, <https://canlii.ca/t/1n3nx#par172>, retrieved on 2021-07-17.</ref> A separate, but related, issue can arise where one RPD panel relies upon fact-finding conducted by another panel. Generally speaking, one panel of the RPD can rely on fact-finding conducted by another.<ref>''Rodriguez Lopez v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2021 FC 66 (CanLII), par. 10, <https://canlii.ca/t/jcq6v#par10>, retrieved on 2021-02-05.</ref> This usually occurs uncontroversially in the context of documentary evidence about conditions in a country. That said, the Federal Court cautions that a panel cannot “blindly” or “blithely” adopt another panel’s findings and that “reliance on the findings of another panel must be limited, careful and justified”.<ref>''Badal v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2003 FCT 311 at para 25.</ref> In ''Calandrini v Canada,'' Justice Mosley explained that “[t]he exercise of discretion by a decision-maker is said to have been fettered if the decision is made in accordance with the views of another without the exercise of independent judgment”.<ref>''Calandrini v Canada (AG)'', 2018 FC 52, para 126.</ref> For further discussion of this, see [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Each claim should be considered individually]] and also see the discussion of the use that a new panel can make of previous reasons where a matter is being heard ''de novo'': [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Use of templates and precedents]]. Another example of where Members may be held to have fettered their own discretion is where they refuse to admit evidence on the basis that it is unsworn. There is no requirement that a document be sworn in order to be admitted,<ref>''Mathieu v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2021 FC 249 at paras 28-29.</ref> as the Refugee Division is not bound by legal or technical rules of evidence. In the words of ''Siad v. Canada'', it is not for the Refugee Division to impose on itself or claimants evidentiary fetters of which Parliament has freed them.<ref>''Siad v. Canada (Secretary of State),'' 1996 CanLII 4099 (FCA), [1997] 1 FC 608, <https://canlii.ca/t/4n98>, retrieved on 2022-08-02.</ref> Similarly, a panel should not refuse to admit evidence because it is hearsay; however, this may be a valid basis for admitting the evidence and then assigning less weight to it: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/170 - Proceedings#While the Division is not bound by rules of evidence, the Division may still have regard to them]]. ==== Members are not bound by previous interlocutory decisions on a file ==== The IRPA distinguishes between interlocutory and non-interlocutory decisions: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 67-68 - Decisions#Section 169 of the IRPA specify circumstances in which written reasons must be provided, circumstances which do not include interlocutory decisions]]. A member is not technically bound by a past interlocutory decision made on a file, for example the decision of a coordinating member on a preliminary matter. This is so as a result of the tribunal's power to control its own procedure, including its ability to reconsider past interlocutory decisions when new evidence or argument is provided. As a general matter, where a decision-maker has a reconsideration power—a power to “review and rescind or vary any decision made by it”—the decision-maker “should not be fettered by statements it may have made in a different context at a different time by a different author”.<ref>''Teksavvy Solutions Inc v Bell Canada,'' 2024 FCA 121 (July 22, 2024), para. 47.</ref> See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#The Board is bound by its own undertakings where it indicates that something is not at issue, that particular evidence is unnecessary, or that a particular procedure will be followed]]. That said, section 23 of the IRB Code of Conduct states: “Members, in their decision-making, have a responsibility to support the institutional interest of the IRB in ensuring the consistency of its decisions, while recognizing that no improper influence may be brought to bear upon their adjudicative independence.” For reasons of consistency and judicial comity, previous decisions should generally be respected unless there are reasons to deviate from them (e.g., new evidence is filed, new arguments are raised); see: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Each claim should be considered individually, while overall decision-making should be predictable and consistent]]. Furthermore, some RAD and RPD Rules have specific provisions concerning subsequent or multiple applications for the same relief, which need to be applied if a Member is to deviate from a past decision: see, e.g. [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rule 54 - Changing the Date or Time of a Proceeding#RPD Rule 54(9) - Subsequent applications]]. ==== Members are not bound where the Minister concedes a point ==== A situation can arise where the Minister is a party to a proceeding and concedes a point or makes a recommendation in the claimant's favour; this does not bind the Division and does not relieve a claimant from their obligation to make their case: ''Fong v Canada''.<ref>''Fong v Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness)'', 2010 FC 1134 at para 31.</ref> That said, while a joint submission is not binding on the Division, the caselaw establishes that it should be given serious consideration: ''Nguyen v Canada''.<ref>''Nguyen v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2000 CanLII 16488 (FC) at para 14.</ref> See: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The Board's inquisitorial mandate#A hearing becomes adversarial where the Minister is involved]]. === Members will be seized of a matter in certain circumstances === When a panel which is hearing a case becomes seized of the case, only that panel may complete the case; members become seized once substantive evidence has been adduced.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. ''CRDD Handbook'', Dated March 31, 1999, online <<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20080331073416/https://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/references/legal/rpd/handbook/hb01_e.htm</nowiki>> (Accessed November 9, 2023).</ref> As RAD Member Edward Bosveld noted in ''X (Re),'' 2013 CanLII 76391 (CA IRB), the tribunal may remain seized of a matter.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2013 CanLII 76391 (CA IRB), <https://canlii.ca/t/g23dh>, retrieved on 2021-02-20.</ref> The fact that the tribunal is seized of a matter means that it remains in consideration of the matter. Once a superior court of record has heard evidence, it is seized of the case and no other judge may decide it.<ref>''Demirtas v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration)'', 1992 CanLII 2425 (FCA), [1993] 1 F.C. 602 (C.A.).</ref> However, this principle does not apply to a tribunal like the IRB, which maintains more flexibility than a court to proceed in an informal and expeditious manner: ''Manalang v. Canada''.<ref>''Manalang v. Canada (Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness),'' 2007 FC 1368 (CanLII), [2008] 4 FCR 440, <https://canlii.ca/t/1vbp6>, retrieved on 2021-02-20.</ref> For examine, in a case involving another tribunal, the Quebec Court of Appeal concluded that it was not improper for the Senior Chair of the Office of Disciplinary Chairs to remove seized cases from a member due to long delays in rendering decisions.<ref>''Perreault,'' 2019 QCCS 4853 ''/'' 2020 QCCA 51.</ref> === Informal discussions with colleagues are permissible so long as independence is maintained === A question can arise about the permissible limits of voluntary and informal discussions amongst Members of a tribunal about the issues raised in their files. As Mullan notes in his text, "the case law on the subject is surprisingly far from comprehensive".<ref name=":02" /> The Ontario Court of Appeal held that there is no bar on a tribunal member consulting and being influenced by those internal consultations in ''Khan v. College of Physicians & Surgeons of Ontario'':<blockquote>The volume and complexity of modern decision-making all but necessitates resort to "outside" sources during the drafting process. Contemporary reason-writing is very much a consultive process during which the writer of the reasons resorts to many sources, including persons not charged with the responsibility of deciding the matter, in formulating his or her reasons. It is inevitable that the author of the reasons will be influenced by some of these sources. To hold that any "outside" influence vitiates the validity of the proceedings or the decision reached is to insist on a degree of isolation which is not only totally unrealistic, but also destructive of effective reason-writing.</blockquote>This is reinforced in the IRB context by section 13 of the Code of Conduct for Members which provides that "Members have a responsibility to perform their duties in a manner that fosters collegiality among members and with staff and to treat them with courtesy and respect. Members are expected to assist their colleagues through the respectful exchange of views, information and opinions."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Code of Conduct for Members of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada,'' Effective Date: April 9, 2019, <<nowiki>https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/members/Pages/MemComCode.aspx</nowiki>> (Accessed May 3, 2020), at section 13.</ref> There is no doubt that the participation of "outsiders" in the decision-making process of an administrative tribunal may sometimes cause problems. The decisions of the tribunal must, indeed, be rendered by those on whom Parliament has conferred power to decide and their decisions must, unless the relevant legislation impliedly or expressly provides otherwise, meet the requirements of natural justice. However, the court has held that "when the practice followed by members of an administrative tribunal does not violate natural justice and does not infringe on their ability to decide according to their opinion, even though it may influence that opinion, it cannot be criticized."<ref name=":1" /> As such, there is no issue with the Board, for example, hiring mentors for new members who may work with those new members in order to assist with preparing for hearings and then assist post-hearing with reaching factual findings about the evidence heard. There is indeed a body of literature on such mentoring for adjudicators and its permissibility so long as it is carried out in a way that maintains the mentee's independence.<ref>Mackenzie, Ian, ''Mentoring for Adjudicators: The Need for Guidelines'', Slaw: Canada's online legal magazine, July 6, 2016, <http://www.slaw.ca/2016/07/06/mentoring-for-adjudicators-the-need-for-guidelines/> (accessed January 18, 2020).</ref> As well, it is permissible for other tribunal members, even a member's superiors such as the Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson of the tribunal, to comment on a member's draft reasons as noted by the Federal Court of Appeal: "While the Acting Deputy Chairperson reviewed drafts of the member’s decision, under the ''IRPA'', the Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson are also members of the RAD and paragraph 159(1)(''h'') does not prohibit them from suggesting changes to a draft at a deliberative stage."<ref>''Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship),'' 2020 FCA 196 (CanLII), par. 98, <http://canlii.ca/t/jblsl#par98>, retrieved on 2020-11-17.</ref> Furthermore, the use of administrative and proofreading assistance is not prohibited so long as, in every case, the ultimate decision is that of the decision maker.<ref>''Krasilov v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 635 (CanLII), at para 13, <https://canlii.ca/t/jx63g#par13>, retrieved on 2023-06-28.</ref> === Internal discussions between tribunal members on process, law, and policy are encouraged === A key issue that arises with respect to independence is the extent of permitted discussions amongst members of the tribunal about a case that is under consideration. The leading case on this subject is the Supreme Court of Canada decision ''I.W.A. v. Consolidated Bathurst Packaging Ltd.''<ref>''I.W.A. v. Consolidated Bathurst Packaging Ltd''., [1990] 1 S.C.R. 282.</ref> The rules on this subject allow for a broad latitude for internal discussions, within an atmosphere that has been referred to as “assertive collegiality”, provided that the final decision-maker is unencumbered in freely making their own decision. The principles are well captured by this passage from the paper ''Consistency in Tribunal Decision Making'' from the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice:<blockquote>This culture of ongoing discussion can be described as a system of “assertive collegiality”—where there can be vigorous debate internally within the complement of adjudicators, but once the discussion is complete, the person hearing the case is free to make their own decision. Discussions also occur regularly between tribunal Chairs and individual adjudicators at any stage in the hearing process. For example, particular types of cases which raise significant or novel issues may be flagged at the intake stage. Once identified, they are brought to the attention of the Chair who will then choose a particular adjudicator to deal with the case. The Chair may have a discussion with the adjudicator before the assignment is made in order to canvass the procedural, law and policy issues that might be presented in the case. During the course of the hearing, the adjudicator and the Chair may continue the discussion, so that the adjudicator understands the issues in the context of the tribunal’s institutional views. Once the hearing is completed, the Chair and the adjudicator may then continue their discussion throughout the decision writing process.<ref name=":0">Whitaker, Kevin, ''Consistency in Tribunal Decision Making: What Really Goes On Behind Closed Doors...,'' Essays in Administrative Law and Justice (2001-2007), Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice, <https://ciaj-icaj.ca/wp-content/uploads/documents/2016/09/pub2007-8.pdf?id=7973&1577812348> (Accessed January 18, 2020).</ref></blockquote>It is entirely permissible, and even desirable for reasons of training and consistency, for members to be encouraged to distribute draft decisions amongst each other for comment: “Most tribunals schedule regular meetings for more formal discussions and it is not unusual where adjudicators are primarily full time and based in one location for there to be weekly or in some cases, daily meetings where drafts are exchanged and where issues of process, law and policy are discussed.”<ref name=":0" /> In the words of the Supreme Court of Canada, the “criteria for independence are not absence of influence but rather the freedom to decide according to one’s own conscience and opinions” <ref>''Iwa v. Consolidated-Bathurst Packaging Ltd.,'' 1990 CanLII 132 (SCC), [1990] 1 SCR 282, para. 84.</ref> As a general rule, the members of the organization who have not heard the evidence cannot be allowed to re-assess it.<ref>''Ellis-Don Ltd,'' [2001] 1 S.C.R. 221.</ref> Discussions of policy in the context of refugee adjudication may, and indeed should, cover consideration of country conditions. As the Federal Court of Appeal notes when distinguishing the type of factual findings at issue in ''Consolidated Bathurst'', ''supra'', factual issues in refugee adjudication can be of a "special nature to the extent that they go beyond the evidence specific to any particular claimant."<ref>''Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship),'' 2020 FCA 196 (CanLII), par. 75, <http://canlii.ca/t/jblsl#par75>, retrieved on 2020-11-17.</ref> As the Federal Court noted in ''Barrantes v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', “it would not do to have one panel member’s terrorist organization be characterized by another member as a benevolent non-government organization”.<ref>''Barrantes v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2005 FC 518.</ref> As such, in the context of refugee adjudication, discussions between tribunal members on general issues of fact related to a country are not just permissible, but desirable. === Discussions cannot be imposed upon a Member === ''Consolidated-Bathurst'' involved discussions by members of an administrative tribunal after hearing cases but before reaching final decisions. In that decision Gonthier J. okayed the practice, but imposed important limitations. In short, discussions could not be coercive and could not delve into the facts of particular cases.<ref>Daly, Paul, ''Judges Talking to other Judges: Judicious Consultation?'', Administrative Law Matters Blog <https://www.administrativelawmatters.com/blog/2015/05/22/judges-talking-to-other-judges-judicious-consultation/> (Accessed January 19, 2020).</ref> The rules for such discussions are enumerated in the eponymous case.<ref name=":2">''Iwa v. Consolidated-Bathurst Packaging Ltd.,'' 1990 CanLII 132 (SCC), [1990] 1 SCR 282.</ref> The Supreme Court of Canada affirmed this conclusion in ''Tremblay v. Quebec: “''In my view, the mere fact that the president can of his own motion refer a matter for plenary discussion may in itself be a constraint on decision makers. In such circumstances, they may not feel free to refuse to submit a question to the "consensus table" when the president suggests this. Further, the statute clearly provides that it is the decision makers who must decide a matter. Accordingly, it is those decision makers who must retain the right to initiate consultation; imposing it on them amounts to an act of compulsion towards them and a denial of the choice expressly made by the legislature.”<ref>''Tremblay v. Quebec (Commission des affaires sociales)'', 1992 CanLII 1135 (SCC), [1992] 1 S.C.R. 952</ref> As such, where a Member does not wish to consult, either with other members, a supervisor, or legal services, they must be truly free to not do so (aside from during special circumstances such as during an initial probationary training period). === Legal services review of decisions may discuss issues of fact in the reasons but should not attempt to influence factual findings === Gonthier J. of the Supreme Court of Canada made the following comment (in dissent) in ''Consolidated-Bathurst:''<blockquote>The determination and assessment of facts are delicate tasks which turn on the credibility of the witness and an overall evaluation of the relevancy of all the information presented as evidence. As a general rule, these tasks cannot be properly performed by persons who have not heard all the evidence and the rules of natural justice do not allow such persons to vote on the result. Their participation in discussions dealing with such factual issues is less problematic when there is no participation in the final decision. However, ''I am of the view that generally such discussions constitute a breach of the rules of natural justice because they allow persons other than the parties to make representations on factual issues when they have not heard the evidence. [emphasis added]''<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>The applicability of this comment to the refugee context was considered by the Federal Court of Appeal in ''Bovbel v. Canada''. Specifically, in that case, the court considered whether having legal advisors have access to the files of refugee claimants when providing legal advice to Members, the above principle could be offended. The court rejected this concern as follows:<blockquote>A fair reading of the documents on the record shows, in our view, that the legal advisors were not expected to discuss the findings of facts made by the members but merely, if there was a factual inconsistency in the reasons, to look at the file in order to determine, if possible, how the inconsistency could be resolved. True, there was always the possibility that the legal advisors might, since they were in possession of the file, exceed their mandate and try to influence the factual findings of the Board. However, as mentioned by Mahoney J.A. in ''Weerasinge'', any policy is susceptible of abuse.<ref name=":1">''Bovbel v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration),'' 1994 CanLII 3465 (FCA), [1994] 2 FC 563</ref></blockquote>As such, discussions, whether with the Board's legal services team, or otherwise, should not aim to influence the factual findings of Members, but need not eschew all discussion of facts, for example where a Member has made inconsistent factual findings in a decision and that concern should be resolved. Procedural fairness does not demand that Members of the Board never discuss the facts of a file. That said, it is plain that a mandatory policy of legal review in which legal services members attempted to influence or pressure Members to make certain factual findings regarding a hearing that they had never observed would offend principles of independence. Finally, there appears to be a real lack of clarity on exactly how to interpret the statements of Gonthier J. in ''Consolidated-Bathurst.''<ref name=":2" /> For example, David Mullan writes in his text ''Administrative Law'' that "on the mater of discussion of the evidence, the Court itself is not totally unequivocal even in the context of discussions with colleagues who have not heard the evidence. Where staff have been present at giving of the relevant testimony or where the evidence is written rather than given orally, the constraint on discussion may not have quite the same force."<ref name=":02">Mullan, David, ''Administrative Law'' (Irwin Law), page 301.</ref> === Discussions between Members of different Divisions must be limited === The IRB Chairperson’s ''Instructions Governing Communications Between Related Divisions'' reaffirm the importance of institutional independence so that members are free from improper influence.<ref>Chairperson’s Instructions Governing Communications Between Related Divisions at the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada,'' May 30, 2014. Online: <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Documents/InstructDivisions_e.pdf> (accessed April 28, 2022).</ref> The Instructions provide that members of a first-level Division must never communicate with members of a related appeal Division, and vice versa, with respect to: * particular files, whether before or during deliberations, or after the final decision is rendered; and * adjudicative strategies pertaining to their Division. === The fact that IRB Members have limited terms of appointment does not in itself unduly constrain their independence === The IRPA establishes that IRB members have appointments of fixed duration. Generally speaking, independent decision makers should have terms that are sufficiently long to limit the pressure stemming from frequent renewals. This is compatible with having a term of fixed duration. For example, judges of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the African Court of Justice and Human Rights, and the Court of Justice of the European Union all have terms of six years.<ref>Alain Pellet, Judicial Settlement of International Disputes, ''Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law'', July 2013.</ref> Furthermore, while RPD members are granted ‘a high degree of independence’, they lack ‘the judicial independence of courts of law’.<ref>''Bourbonnais v Canada (Attorney General),'' 2004 FC 1754, para 35.</ref> In ''Sethi v. Canada'', the Federal Court concluded that the fact that the government had introduced a bill into Parliament discharging Board members without compensation for the unexpired term of their appointment did not, in itself, create a reasonable apprehension of bias. The Court noted in that case that the introduction of a bill does not create bias as passage of any bill is speculative and public policy dictates the government should be allowed to announce proposed changes without bringing tribunal to a halt.<ref>''Sethi v. M.E.I.,'' [1988] 2 F.C. 552, rev’g [1988] 2 F.C. 537.</ref> === The tribunal must follow explicit instructions stated in a judgment or direction from a reviewing court === Where a matter is remitted by the Court to an administrative tribunal for redetermination, a tribunal is required to follow explicit instruction stated in the judgment or direction from the reviewing Court.<ref>Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) v Yansane, 2017 FCA 48 at para 19.</ref> While the decision maker is advised to consider the comments and recommendations in the reviewing Court’s reasons, it is not required to follow them.<ref>''Ouellet v Canada (Attorney General),'' 2018 FCA 25 at para 7</ref> The fact that a judgment includes the statement that the matter is to be re-determined “in accordance with these reasons” does not mean that everything in the reasons constitutes a direction from the court. In the words of the Federal Court of Appeal: "I am of the opinion that only instructions explicitly stated in the judgment bind the subsequent decision-maker; otherwise, the comments and recommendations made by the Court in its reasons would have to be considered mere ''obiters'', and the decision-maker would be advised to consider them but not required to follow them."<ref>Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) v Yansane, 2017 FCA 48 at para 19</ref> As such, in ''Patricks v. Canada'', wherein a matter had been returned to the RAD on consent at the Federal Court on the basis that the compelling reasons doctrine had not been adequately considered in the underlying decision, the court held that as the court order did not make any explicit reference to "compelling reasons", the new RAD panel was "[free] to conduct a complete assessment and to reach a different conclusion from the RPD and namely, on the issue of credibility".<ref>Patricks v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2023 FC 745 (CanLII), at para 18, <https://canlii.ca/t/jxhpp#par18>, retrieved on 2023-06-28</ref> See also: * [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#The record on a court-ordered redetermination]] * [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Reopening a Claim or Application#Once reopened, is a claim to be heard de novo or as a redetermination based on the previous record?]] == Deliberative Secrecy == The principle of deliberative secrecy prevents disclosure of how and why adjudicative decision-makers make their decisions. The "how and why" of decision-making are kept secret to protect the decision-maker and the decision-making process.<ref>''Summitt Energy Management Inc. v. Ontario Energy Board,'' 2012 ONSC 2753 (CanLII), as discussed in Cass, Fred D,; Thoms, Zoe, ''Deliberative Secrecy in the Context of Decision-Making by Administrative Tribunals'', Advocates' Quarterly 44 Advoc. Q. (2015) <https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/aqrty44&i=177>, page 169 (Accessed January 18, 2020).</ref> In the context of administrative decision-making, the common law principle of deliberative secrecy has two elements: (i) the general rule that the deliberative process is secret, and (ii) that secrecy will be lifted when this is necessary for effective judicial review of the administrative decision.<ref>''Mamut v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 1108 (CanLII), at para 3, <https://canlii.ca/t/k003d#par3>, retrieved on 2023-09-27.</ref> The jurisprudence establishes that, in the administrative context, the principle of deliberative secrecy applies only to administrative tribunals – that is, to bodies that make adjudicative decisions. It does not apply to “administrative decision makers” writ large.<ref>''Mamut v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 1108 (CanLII), at para 36, <https://canlii.ca/t/k003d#par36>, retrieved on 2023-09-27.</ref> Secrecy remains the rule, but it may nonetheless be lifted when the litigant can present valid reasons for believing that the process followed did not comply with the rules of natural justice.<ref>''Tremblay v Quebec (Commission des affaires sociales)'', 1992 CanLII 1135 (SCC), [1992] 1 SCR 952, as cited in ''Mamut v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 1108 (CanLII), at para 43, <https://canlii.ca/t/k003d#par43>, retrieved on 2023-09-27.</ref> This principle is reflected in s. 156 of the IRPA, which provides that members are not competent or compellable to appear as a witness in any civil proceedings in respect of the exercise or purported exercise of their functions under this Act: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/156 - Immunity and no summons]]. === The record on judicial review or appeal will not ordinarily include drafts of a Member’s decision === The record on judicial review or appeal will not ordinarily include drafts of a Member’s decision. When discussing immigration officers’ working notes, the court has stated that they “are properly classified as evidence of an officer’s thought process, but thoughts are only marginally relevant, if relevant at all, to the assessment of reasons, which is the heart of judicial review”.<ref>''Mehrara v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2024 FC 1554 (CanLII), at para 58, <<nowiki>https://canlii.ca/t/k74qm#par58</nowiki>>, retrieved on 2024-10-24.</ref> As stated by Justice John Norris: <q>“It has never been suggested that reasonableness review should also consider the reasons that may have been considered by the decision-maker but were ultimately not advanced in the final decision”.</q><ref>''Mohammed v Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship)'', 2019 FC 193 at para 52.</ref> === Access to information rights under the ''Privacy Act and Access to Information Act'' apply to files and recordings made of hearings === In general, the IRB may be required to release records related to hearing, including copies of files, audio recordings, and videos of hearing under the ''Access to Information Act'' to non-party requestors. This includes third-party subpoenas, media requests, and requests from academics or the general public. Such requests can also be made by a party to the case pursuant to the ''Privacy Act''. For example, in ''Krasilov v. Canada'', the applicants obtained a series of internal emails between the RAD member and an assistant working at the RAD regarding the assistant's review of the member’s draft decision.<ref>''Krasilov v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 635 (CanLII), at para 12, <https://canlii.ca/t/jx63g#par12>, retrieved on 2023-06-28.</ref> See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Privacy Act]]. === Access to information rights under the ''Privacy Act'' do not apply to a Board Member's notes === The issue of how the principle of deliberative secrecy intersects with access to information rights under the federal ''Privacy Act'' was considered in ''Tunian v. Chairman of the Immigration and Refugee Board.''<ref>''Tunian v. Chairman of the Immigration and Refugee Board,'' 2004 FC 849 (CanLII).</ref> The Tunian family were refused refugee status. They applied pursuant to section 41 of the ''Privacy Act'' to receive the draft reasons and notes prepared by the member of the Refugee Protection Division of the IRB who made the decision determining that they were not Convention refugees. Section 41 of the Privacy Act gives the Court the jurisdiction to review instances in which an individual has been refused access to personal information. The ''Privacy Act'' provides individuals with a right of access to information about them where it is either in a "personal information bank" or under the "control" of a government institution. Access to the Member's notes was refused in this case on the basis that notes made by quasi-judicial decision-makers in the course of carrying out an independent adjudicative function are not in the control of the administrative tribunal but, rather, are in the control of the member themself. In this case, the court affirmed the decision ''Privacy Commissioner v. Labour Relations Board'' and held that the principles discussed therein apply to the Immigration and Refugee Board, particularly:<blockquote>It is the duty and role of courts to ensure that administrative tribunals make their decisions in accordance with the rules of natural justice. ... As such, courts are called upon to warrant the fairness of the process. To do so the Court must ensure that the tribunal possesses the freedom to decide matters independently, as it sees fit, without interference from anyone at any time. In my view, regulated and systematic intrusions by outsiders into the thought process of a decision maker as it stands to be revealed by the hearing notes would impact negatively on the integrity of the decision-making process.<ref>''Canada (Privacy Commissioner v. Canada (Labour Relations Board)'' (2000), 257 N.R. 66 (F.C.A.), [2000] F.C.J. No. 617 (C.A.) (QL)).</ref></blockquote> === Board Members are neither competent nor compellable witnesses as a result of the principle of deliberative secrecy === The rule protecting deliberative secrecy is an exclusionary rule. The rule operates to prohibit compelled testimony from judges about their deliberations. It also provides that judges are not ''competent'' to testify about their deliberations. That is because the purpose of the rule is not to protect judges’ personal interests, but rather “to ensure public confidence in an impartial and independent judicial system”: ''Kosko c. Bijimine.''<ref>''Kosko c. Bijimine,'' 2006 QCCA 671 at para. 40.</ref> Gascon J. stated in ''Laval v. Syndicat de l’enseignement de la région de Laval'' that “[j]udges cannot of course choose to lift deliberative secrecy to explain the reasoning behind their conclusions whenever it suits them to do so.”<ref>''Commission scolaire de Laval v. Syndicat de l’enseignement de la région de Laval,'' 2016 SCC 8, at para. 64.</ref> Among the broader rationales that have been offered for this rule is to prevent judges themselves from subsequently augmenting or qualifying their reasons, which offends the need for finality in judicial decision-making and undermines public confidence in the administration of justice.<ref>''West Moberly First Nations v British Columbia,'' 2018 BCSC 1835 (CanLII), para. 159.</ref> The applicability of this rule to Members of the Immigration and Refugee Board was considered in ''Ermina v. Canada.''<ref>''Ermina v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)'' (1998), 1998 CanLII 8969 (FC), 167 D.L.R. (4th) 764 (F.C.).</ref> In that case, the applicant’s refugee status had been vacated by a panel of the Board. At the hearing before the Board, the applicant had sought to elicit testimony from the chair of the panel that had originally granted her that status. The Board refused to hear such testimony, relying on the rule protecting deliberative secrecy. The applicant then tried to adduce an affidavit sworn by the former chair and containing the same information. The Board refused to receive that as well. On the ensuing application for judicial review, Tremblay-Lamer J. upheld the Board’s decisions in that regard, finding that the former chair was neither a compellable nor a competent witness. In that decision, justice Tremblay-Lamer explained that “[d]ecisions must be final and subject only to review in the ordinary channels.” In reaching that conclusion, she relied heavily on ''Agnew v. Ontario Association of Architects'',<ref>''Agnew v. Ontario Association of Architects'' (1987), 1987 CanLII 4030 (ON SC), 64 O.R. (2d) 8 (Div. Ct.) at 14.</ref> in which the Court elaborated on the rationale for extending the rule to administrative decision-makers:<blockquote>The authorities do not make it clear whether this general rule applies equally to members of administrative tribunals. In logic, there is no reason why it should not. The mischief of penetrating the decision process of a tribunal member is exactly the same as the mischief of penetrating the decision process of a judge. Apart from the practical consideration that tribunal members and judges would spend more time testifying about their decisions than making them, their compellability would be inconsistent with any system of finality of decisions. No decision and ''a fortiori'' no record, would be really final until the judge or tribunal member had been cross-examined about his decision. Instead of review by appeal or extraordinary remedy, a system would grow up of review by cross-examination. In the case of a specialized tribunal representing different interests the mischief would be even greater because the process of discussion and compromise among different points of view would not work if stripped of its confidentiality. It is not necessary to catalogue all the different forms of mischief that might result from the compellability of judges and tribunal members to testify about their decisions. It is sufficient to say that there is no reason in logic to distinguish between a judge and a member of the statutory tribunal under consideration here.</blockquote>See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/156 - Immunity and no summons]]. This is consistent with international practices regarding human rights and refugee inquiries. For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone concluded that the High Commissioner for Human Rights was protected by privilege and should not be compelled to provide information considered confidential.<ref>Prosecutor v. Brima, Kamara and Kanu, case No. SCSL-2004-16-AR73, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Prosecution Appeal against Decision on Oral Application for Witness TF1-150 to Testify without Being Compelled to Answer Questions on Grounds of Confidentiality, 26 May 2006</ref> === Board management cannot read a Member's emails without good reason === The IRB has stated that it supports the principle that access to an employee's e-mail without consent is justified only in extreme situations, for example in situations involving a criminal or security infraction, and only after proper authorization from senior management. As a result, a Member's emails will ordinarily be private and not readable by managers or others in the organization, absent exceptional circumstances and good reason to do so. The federal Privacy Commissioner chastised the IRB when it departed from this standard in one case.<ref>Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, ''Inappropriate monitoring of employees' e-mail accounts,'' Date modified: 2003-01-29, <https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/investigations/investigations-into-federal-institutions/2001-02/pa_200102_05/> (Accessed August 16, 2020).</ref> == References == <references responsive="" /> {{BookCat}} 849uxo03aflgogzdt2fa0dwxuv39lv7 4442398 4442396 2024-10-24T21:11:15Z Refcanimm 3267488 4442398 wikitext text/x-wiki Parties are entitled to an independent decision maker.<ref>''Bourbonnais v. Canada (Attorney General),'' 2004 FC 1754, [2005] 4 F.C.R. 529 at paras. 49-57, 267 F.T.R. 169.</ref> When we speak of independence, we are referring to the ability of the decision-maker to render decisions in an atmosphere that is free from inappropriate influences so that they approach and determine the matters in issue freely and in a sufficiently dispassionate and disinterested way.<ref>Laverne A. Jacobs, Tribunal Independence and Impartiality: Rethinking the Theory after Bell and Ocean Port Hotel—A Call for Empirical Analysis, Essays In Administrative Law and Justice (2001–2007), <https://ciaj-icaj.ca/wp-content/uploads/documents/2016/09/pub2007-2.pdf?id=7966&1474963642>.</ref> Key legal issues that have emerged related to this independence follow. == The right to an independent decision-maker == The ''Code of Conduct for Members of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada'' stipulates that "Members shall not be influenced by extraneous or improper considerations in their decision-making. Members shall make their decisions free from the improper influence of other persons, institutions, interest groups or the political process."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Code of Conduct for Members of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada,'' Effective Date: April 9, 2019, <<nowiki>https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/members/Pages/MemComCode.aspx</nowiki>> (Accessed May 3, 2020), at section 34.</ref> There is a presumption that a Member will perform their duties independently and in accordance with their oath and legal obligations.<ref name=":3">''Mohammad v. Canada (Minister of Employment & Immigration),'' 1988 CanLII 9450 (FCA), [1989] 2 FC 363, <https://canlii.ca/t/g91pk>, retrieved on 2023-11-13, page 385.</ref> The requirement that decisions in refugee matters be made (or be reviewable) by an independent decision-maker not only emerges from Canada's domestic law, but also arises from Canada’s international obligations. The independence of tribunals is provided for in article 14 of the ''International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights''.<ref>UN General Assembly, ''International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights'', United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171, 16 December 1966, https://www.refworld.org/legal/agreements/unga/1966/en/17703</ref> The UN Human Rights Committee has also found, in ''Alzery v Sweden'', that effective, independent review of the decision to expel prior to expulsion is necessitated by the nature of the ''non-refoulement'' obligation under article 7 of the ''International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights'', as read with the right to effective remedies under article 2 of that instrument.<ref>UN doc CCPR/C/88/D/1416/2005 (10 November 2006).</ref> The following are some of the more specific ways that this right to an independent decision-maker applies to the IRB process. === Decision-makers must be free of any reasonable apprehension of bias === Decision makers must enjoy independence from the parties to the cases before them.<ref>Burgh House Principles On The Independence Of The International Judiciary, ''Study Group of the International Law Association on the Practice and Procedure of International Courts and Tribunals'', <https://docs.pca-cpa.org/2020/04/ef1f0fb6-burgh-house-principles.pdf> (Accessed September 30, 2022).</ref> Indeed, the court holds that the Immigration and Refugee Board is structured to operate as an administrative tribunal with as much independence from its sponsoring Department as is ever found in the contemporary administrative justice system.<ref>''Ahumada'', 2001 FCA 97.</ref> The fact that the government or a Minister may have made comments about a case in public or the House of Commons cannot itself be taken to create a reasonable apprehension of bias that the Member will decide the case unfairly.<ref name=":3" /> For a discussion of the doctrine of bias, or a reasonable apprehension thereof, as it relates to any relationship, past or present, between the decision-maker and the parties or those who may benefit from the decision, see: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to an unbiased decision-maker#Any relationship, past or present, between the decision-maker and the party/parties or those who may benefit from the decision]]. See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to an impartial decision-maker#Exposure to political and bilateral relations considerations]]. === The IRB may use "soft law" instruments such as policy statements, guidelines, manuals, and handbooks === The Federal Court of Appeal holds that administrative agencies do not require an express grant of statutory authority in order to use “soft law” such as policy statements, guidelines, manuals and handbooks to structure the exercise of their discretion.<ref>''Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship),'' 2020 FCA 196 (CanLII), par. 45, <http://canlii.ca/t/jblsl#par45>, retrieved on 2020-11-17.</ref> In any event, the IRPA provides an express grant of authority to the Chairperson to issue guidelines in writing to members of the Board and identify decisions of the Board as jurisprudential guides. Members are expected to follow such guidelines unless compelling or exceptional reasons exist to depart from them.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Policy on the Use of Chairperson's Guidelines and Jurisprudential Guides,'' July 7​, 2022, <https://irb.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Pages/policy-chairperson-guidelines-jurisprudential-guides.aspx> (Accessed July 2022).</ref> See the discussion of this authority at the commentary on section 159 of the IRPA: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/159 - Duties of Chairperson]]. === The Board may not fetter the discretion of Members and Members may not fetter their own discretion === ==== Members should engage in an independent assessment of the case before them ==== Every application should be considered individually.<ref>''Akinfolajimi v. Canada (MCI)'', 2018 FC 722, at para. 30.</ref> A decision maker's reasons must make clear that they put their mind to the actual issues and made an independent decision based on the evidence.<ref>''Abdi v Canada (MCI),'' 2016 FC 1050 at para 26.</ref> For example, when a matter is remitted for redetermination, the new panel should not copy and paste from the prior decision in a way that calls into question whether they genuinely reconsidered the matter.<ref>''Belay v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 1154 (CanLII), at para 24, <https://canlii.ca/t/jzwtv#par24>.</ref> Similarly, a RAD Member may not dispose of an appeal in a few sentences by simply stating that they had reviewed the record, done an independent assessment, and agreed with the RPD.<ref>''Tan v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2022 FC 807 (CanLII), at para 10, <https://canlii.ca/t/jpl52#par10>.</ref> That said, while the RAD is required to undertake an independent review of the evidence, it need not engage in a repetitive analysis where the RAD is in agreement with both the outcome reached and the reasoning relied upon by the RPD.<ref>''Wiltshire, Simone Alecia v. M.C.I.'' (F.C., no. IMM-853-23), Gleeson, January 22, 2024; 2024 FC 103.</ref> See: * [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Each claim should be considered individually]] * [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Use of templates and precedents]] * [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Decision-making assigned to a Member must be done by the Member and shall not be delegated]] ==== The Board may not fetter the discretion of Members through policy statements or guidelines that take on a mandatory character ==== Fundamental to the right of a fair hearing is that a Board member exercise independent judgment in deciding a case on its merits free from undue influence. Where policy statements, guidelines, or other institutional actions fetter a decision-maker's independence, this can constitute undue influence upon the member and violate the principles of procedural fairness.<ref>''Benitez v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2006 FC 461 (CanLII), [2007] 1 FCR 107, par. 133, <https://canlii.ca/t/1n3nx#par133>, retrieved on 2021-07-17.</ref> The fettering of discretion doctrine has been used primarily to assess the validity of policy instruments such as guidelines.<ref>Houle, F. (2008). Thamotharem and Guideline 7 of the IRB: Rethinking the Scope of the Fettering of Discretion Doctrine. ''Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees'', ''25''(2), 103-118. Retrieved from https://refuge.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/refuge/article/view/26034, page 105.</ref> The fact that a guideline is intended to establish how discretion will normally be exercised is not enough to make it an unlawful fetter, as long as it does not preclude the possibility that the decision-maker may deviate from normal practice in the light of particular facts.<ref>''Thamotharem v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2007 FCA 198 (CanLII), [2008] 1 FCR 385, par. 78, <http://canlii.ca/t/1rmr4#par78>, retrieved on 2020-12-23.</ref> When assessing whether a policy statement or guideline amounts to an unlawful fetter on a decision-maker's discretion, courts have recourse to the factors from ''Ainsley'': (1) the language of the policy; (2) the practical effect of failing to comply with the policy; and (3) the evidence with respect to the expectations of the Commission and staff regarding the implementation of the policy.<ref>''Benitez v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2006 FC 461 (CanLII), [2007] 1 FCR 107, par. 130, <https://canlii.ca/t/1n3nx#par130>, retrieved on 2021-07-17.</ref> If a policy statement is actually a set of binding rules, then this will require legislative or regulatory authority. For discussion of this, see: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Documents#What is the Board's jurisdiction to limit voluminous country conditions disclosure?]]. An example of where a policy in the immigration context was held by the Federal Court of Appeal to have invalidly fettered discretion was a blanket directive issued by ''Citizenship and Immigration Canada'' prohibiting lawyers and representatives from attending interviews in the overseas refugee resettlement context. This policy was held by the court in ''Ha v. Canada'' to be invalid because it fettered visa officers’ discretion to consider each case on their facts and determine whether to allow lawyers to attend the interview.<ref>''Ha v Canada (MCI),'' 2004 FCA 49.</ref> ==== Members may not fetter their own discretion ==== In addition, Members may not fetter their ''own'' discretion through excessive deference to policy statements and other extraneous materials. Just as a decision-maker cannot “arrogate powers to themselves that they were never intended to have”, it is unreasonable for a decision maker to eschew powers they were intended to have.<ref>''Al-Lamy v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2024 FC 1621, para. 11.</ref> As the court held in ''Yanasik v. Canada'', a decision-maker cannot limit the exercise of the discretion imposed upon them by adopting a policy, and then refusing to consider other factors that are legally relevant.<ref>''Yanasik v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2021 FC 1319 (CanLII), at para 33, <https://canlii.ca/t/jl2k1#par33>, retrieved on 2021-12-21.</ref> The application of a policy guideline may amount to an unlawful fettering of a panel's discretion if it is applied without due consideration to the evidence and submissions in a particular case. Such a situation may arise where a member decides to apply the guideline without exception and ignores the evidence or submissions of counsel that there is reason to vary the procedure.<ref>''Benitez v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2006 FC 461 (CanLII), [2007] 1 FCR 107, par. 172, <https://canlii.ca/t/1n3nx#par172>, retrieved on 2021-07-17.</ref> A separate, but related, issue can arise where one RPD panel relies upon fact-finding conducted by another panel. Generally speaking, one panel of the RPD can rely on fact-finding conducted by another.<ref>''Rodriguez Lopez v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2021 FC 66 (CanLII), par. 10, <https://canlii.ca/t/jcq6v#par10>, retrieved on 2021-02-05.</ref> This usually occurs uncontroversially in the context of documentary evidence about conditions in a country. That said, the Federal Court cautions that a panel cannot “blindly” or “blithely” adopt another panel’s findings and that “reliance on the findings of another panel must be limited, careful and justified”.<ref>''Badal v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2003 FCT 311 at para 25.</ref> In ''Calandrini v Canada,'' Justice Mosley explained that “[t]he exercise of discretion by a decision-maker is said to have been fettered if the decision is made in accordance with the views of another without the exercise of independent judgment”.<ref>''Calandrini v Canada (AG)'', 2018 FC 52, para 126.</ref> For further discussion of this, see [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Each claim should be considered individually]] and also see the discussion of the use that a new panel can make of previous reasons where a matter is being heard ''de novo'': [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Use of templates and precedents]]. Another example of where Members may be held to have fettered their own discretion is where they refuse to admit evidence on the basis that it is unsworn. There is no requirement that a document be sworn in order to be admitted,<ref>''Mathieu v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2021 FC 249 at paras 28-29.</ref> as the Refugee Division is not bound by legal or technical rules of evidence. In the words of ''Siad v. Canada'', it is not for the Refugee Division to impose on itself or claimants evidentiary fetters of which Parliament has freed them.<ref>''Siad v. Canada (Secretary of State),'' 1996 CanLII 4099 (FCA), [1997] 1 FC 608, <https://canlii.ca/t/4n98>, retrieved on 2022-08-02.</ref> Similarly, a panel should not refuse to admit evidence because it is hearsay; however, this may be a valid basis for admitting the evidence and then assigning less weight to it: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/170 - Proceedings#While the Division is not bound by rules of evidence, the Division may still have regard to them]]. ==== Members are not bound by previous interlocutory decisions on a file ==== The IRPA distinguishes between interlocutory and non-interlocutory decisions: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rules 67-68 - Decisions#Section 169 of the IRPA specify circumstances in which written reasons must be provided, circumstances which do not include interlocutory decisions]]. A member is not technically bound by a past interlocutory decision made on a file, for example the decision of a coordinating member on a preliminary matter. This is so as a result of the tribunal's power to control its own procedure, including its ability to reconsider past interlocutory decisions when new evidence or argument is provided. As a general matter, where a decision-maker has a reconsideration power—a power to “review and rescind or vary any decision made by it”—the decision-maker “should not be fettered by statements it may have made in a different context at a different time by a different author”.<ref>''Teksavvy Solutions Inc v Bell Canada,'' 2024 FCA 121 (July 22, 2024), para. 47.</ref> See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#The Board is bound by its own undertakings where it indicates that something is not at issue, that particular evidence is unnecessary, or that a particular procedure will be followed]]. That said, section 23 of the IRB Code of Conduct states: “Members, in their decision-making, have a responsibility to support the institutional interest of the IRB in ensuring the consistency of its decisions, while recognizing that no improper influence may be brought to bear upon their adjudicative independence.” For reasons of consistency and judicial comity, previous decisions should generally be respected unless there are reasons to deviate from them (e.g., new evidence is filed, new arguments are raised); see: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#Each claim should be considered individually, while overall decision-making should be predictable and consistent]]. Furthermore, some RAD and RPD Rules have specific provisions concerning subsequent or multiple applications for the same relief, which need to be applied if a Member is to deviate from a past decision: see, e.g. [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RPD Rule 54 - Changing the Date or Time of a Proceeding#RPD Rule 54(9) - Subsequent applications]]. ==== Members are not bound where the Minister concedes a point ==== A situation can arise where the Minister is a party to a proceeding and concedes a point or makes a recommendation in the claimant's favour; this does not bind the Division and does not relieve a claimant from their obligation to make their case: ''Fong v Canada''.<ref>''Fong v Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness)'', 2010 FC 1134 at para 31.</ref> That said, while a joint submission is not binding on the Division, the caselaw establishes that it should be given serious consideration: ''Nguyen v Canada''.<ref>''Nguyen v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2000 CanLII 16488 (FC) at para 14.</ref> See: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The Board's inquisitorial mandate#A hearing becomes adversarial where the Minister is involved]]. === Members will be seized of a matter in certain circumstances === When a panel which is hearing a case becomes seized of the case, only that panel may complete the case; members become seized once substantive evidence has been adduced.<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. ''CRDD Handbook'', Dated March 31, 1999, online <<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20080331073416/https://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/references/legal/rpd/handbook/hb01_e.htm</nowiki>> (Accessed November 9, 2023).</ref> As RAD Member Edward Bosveld noted in ''X (Re),'' 2013 CanLII 76391 (CA IRB), the tribunal may remain seized of a matter.<ref>''X (Re),'' 2013 CanLII 76391 (CA IRB), <https://canlii.ca/t/g23dh>, retrieved on 2021-02-20.</ref> The fact that the tribunal is seized of a matter means that it remains in consideration of the matter. Once a superior court of record has heard evidence, it is seized of the case and no other judge may decide it.<ref>''Demirtas v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration)'', 1992 CanLII 2425 (FCA), [1993] 1 F.C. 602 (C.A.).</ref> However, this principle does not apply to a tribunal like the IRB, which maintains more flexibility than a court to proceed in an informal and expeditious manner: ''Manalang v. Canada''.<ref>''Manalang v. Canada (Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness),'' 2007 FC 1368 (CanLII), [2008] 4 FCR 440, <https://canlii.ca/t/1vbp6>, retrieved on 2021-02-20.</ref> For examine, in a case involving another tribunal, the Quebec Court of Appeal concluded that it was not improper for the Senior Chair of the Office of Disciplinary Chairs to remove seized cases from a member due to long delays in rendering decisions.<ref>''Perreault,'' 2019 QCCS 4853 ''/'' 2020 QCCA 51.</ref> === Informal discussions with colleagues are permissible so long as independence is maintained === A question can arise about the permissible limits of voluntary and informal discussions amongst Members of a tribunal about the issues raised in their files. As Mullan notes in his text, "the case law on the subject is surprisingly far from comprehensive".<ref name=":02" /> The Ontario Court of Appeal held that there is no bar on a tribunal member consulting and being influenced by those internal consultations in ''Khan v. College of Physicians & Surgeons of Ontario'':<blockquote>The volume and complexity of modern decision-making all but necessitates resort to "outside" sources during the drafting process. Contemporary reason-writing is very much a consultive process during which the writer of the reasons resorts to many sources, including persons not charged with the responsibility of deciding the matter, in formulating his or her reasons. It is inevitable that the author of the reasons will be influenced by some of these sources. To hold that any "outside" influence vitiates the validity of the proceedings or the decision reached is to insist on a degree of isolation which is not only totally unrealistic, but also destructive of effective reason-writing.</blockquote>This is reinforced in the IRB context by section 13 of the Code of Conduct for Members which provides that "Members have a responsibility to perform their duties in a manner that fosters collegiality among members and with staff and to treat them with courtesy and respect. Members are expected to assist their colleagues through the respectful exchange of views, information and opinions."<ref>Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Code of Conduct for Members of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada,'' Effective Date: April 9, 2019, <<nowiki>https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/members/Pages/MemComCode.aspx</nowiki>> (Accessed May 3, 2020), at section 13.</ref> There is no doubt that the participation of "outsiders" in the decision-making process of an administrative tribunal may sometimes cause problems. The decisions of the tribunal must, indeed, be rendered by those on whom Parliament has conferred power to decide and their decisions must, unless the relevant legislation impliedly or expressly provides otherwise, meet the requirements of natural justice. However, the court has held that "when the practice followed by members of an administrative tribunal does not violate natural justice and does not infringe on their ability to decide according to their opinion, even though it may influence that opinion, it cannot be criticized."<ref name=":1" /> As such, there is no issue with the Board, for example, hiring mentors for new members who may work with those new members in order to assist with preparing for hearings and then assist post-hearing with reaching factual findings about the evidence heard. There is indeed a body of literature on such mentoring for adjudicators and its permissibility so long as it is carried out in a way that maintains the mentee's independence.<ref>Mackenzie, Ian, ''Mentoring for Adjudicators: The Need for Guidelines'', Slaw: Canada's online legal magazine, July 6, 2016, <http://www.slaw.ca/2016/07/06/mentoring-for-adjudicators-the-need-for-guidelines/> (accessed January 18, 2020).</ref> As well, it is permissible for other tribunal members, even a member's superiors such as the Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson of the tribunal, to comment on a member's draft reasons as noted by the Federal Court of Appeal: "While the Acting Deputy Chairperson reviewed drafts of the member’s decision, under the ''IRPA'', the Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson are also members of the RAD and paragraph 159(1)(''h'') does not prohibit them from suggesting changes to a draft at a deliberative stage."<ref>''Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship),'' 2020 FCA 196 (CanLII), par. 98, <http://canlii.ca/t/jblsl#par98>, retrieved on 2020-11-17.</ref> Furthermore, the use of administrative and proofreading assistance is not prohibited so long as, in every case, the ultimate decision is that of the decision maker.<ref>''Krasilov v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 635 (CanLII), at para 13, <https://canlii.ca/t/jx63g#par13>, retrieved on 2023-06-28.</ref> === Internal discussions between tribunal members on process, law, and policy are encouraged === A key issue that arises with respect to independence is the extent of permitted discussions amongst members of the tribunal about a case that is under consideration. The leading case on this subject is the Supreme Court of Canada decision ''I.W.A. v. Consolidated Bathurst Packaging Ltd.''<ref>''I.W.A. v. Consolidated Bathurst Packaging Ltd''., [1990] 1 S.C.R. 282.</ref> The rules on this subject allow for a broad latitude for internal discussions, within an atmosphere that has been referred to as “assertive collegiality”, provided that the final decision-maker is unencumbered in freely making their own decision. The principles are well captured by this passage from the paper ''Consistency in Tribunal Decision Making'' from the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice:<blockquote>This culture of ongoing discussion can be described as a system of “assertive collegiality”—where there can be vigorous debate internally within the complement of adjudicators, but once the discussion is complete, the person hearing the case is free to make their own decision. Discussions also occur regularly between tribunal Chairs and individual adjudicators at any stage in the hearing process. For example, particular types of cases which raise significant or novel issues may be flagged at the intake stage. Once identified, they are brought to the attention of the Chair who will then choose a particular adjudicator to deal with the case. The Chair may have a discussion with the adjudicator before the assignment is made in order to canvass the procedural, law and policy issues that might be presented in the case. During the course of the hearing, the adjudicator and the Chair may continue the discussion, so that the adjudicator understands the issues in the context of the tribunal’s institutional views. Once the hearing is completed, the Chair and the adjudicator may then continue their discussion throughout the decision writing process.<ref name=":0">Whitaker, Kevin, ''Consistency in Tribunal Decision Making: What Really Goes On Behind Closed Doors...,'' Essays in Administrative Law and Justice (2001-2007), Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice, <https://ciaj-icaj.ca/wp-content/uploads/documents/2016/09/pub2007-8.pdf?id=7973&1577812348> (Accessed January 18, 2020).</ref></blockquote>It is entirely permissible, and even desirable for reasons of training and consistency, for members to be encouraged to distribute draft decisions amongst each other for comment: “Most tribunals schedule regular meetings for more formal discussions and it is not unusual where adjudicators are primarily full time and based in one location for there to be weekly or in some cases, daily meetings where drafts are exchanged and where issues of process, law and policy are discussed.”<ref name=":0" /> In the words of the Supreme Court of Canada, the “criteria for independence are not absence of influence but rather the freedom to decide according to one’s own conscience and opinions” <ref>''Iwa v. Consolidated-Bathurst Packaging Ltd.,'' 1990 CanLII 132 (SCC), [1990] 1 SCR 282, para. 84.</ref> As a general rule, the members of the organization who have not heard the evidence cannot be allowed to re-assess it.<ref>''Ellis-Don Ltd,'' [2001] 1 S.C.R. 221.</ref> Discussions of policy in the context of refugee adjudication may, and indeed should, cover consideration of country conditions. As the Federal Court of Appeal notes when distinguishing the type of factual findings at issue in ''Consolidated Bathurst'', ''supra'', factual issues in refugee adjudication can be of a "special nature to the extent that they go beyond the evidence specific to any particular claimant."<ref>''Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship),'' 2020 FCA 196 (CanLII), par. 75, <http://canlii.ca/t/jblsl#par75>, retrieved on 2020-11-17.</ref> As the Federal Court noted in ''Barrantes v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', “it would not do to have one panel member’s terrorist organization be characterized by another member as a benevolent non-government organization”.<ref>''Barrantes v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)'', 2005 FC 518.</ref> As such, in the context of refugee adjudication, discussions between tribunal members on general issues of fact related to a country are not just permissible, but desirable. === Discussions cannot be imposed upon a Member === ''Consolidated-Bathurst'' involved discussions by members of an administrative tribunal after hearing cases but before reaching final decisions. In that decision Gonthier J. okayed the practice, but imposed important limitations. In short, discussions could not be coercive and could not delve into the facts of particular cases.<ref>Daly, Paul, ''Judges Talking to other Judges: Judicious Consultation?'', Administrative Law Matters Blog <https://www.administrativelawmatters.com/blog/2015/05/22/judges-talking-to-other-judges-judicious-consultation/> (Accessed January 19, 2020).</ref> The rules for such discussions are enumerated in the eponymous case.<ref name=":2">''Iwa v. Consolidated-Bathurst Packaging Ltd.,'' 1990 CanLII 132 (SCC), [1990] 1 SCR 282.</ref> The Supreme Court of Canada affirmed this conclusion in ''Tremblay v. Quebec: “''In my view, the mere fact that the president can of his own motion refer a matter for plenary discussion may in itself be a constraint on decision makers. In such circumstances, they may not feel free to refuse to submit a question to the "consensus table" when the president suggests this. Further, the statute clearly provides that it is the decision makers who must decide a matter. Accordingly, it is those decision makers who must retain the right to initiate consultation; imposing it on them amounts to an act of compulsion towards them and a denial of the choice expressly made by the legislature.”<ref>''Tremblay v. Quebec (Commission des affaires sociales)'', 1992 CanLII 1135 (SCC), [1992] 1 S.C.R. 952</ref> As such, where a Member does not wish to consult, either with other members, a supervisor, or legal services, they must be truly free to not do so (aside from during special circumstances such as during an initial probationary training period). === Legal services review of decisions may discuss issues of fact in the reasons but should not attempt to influence factual findings === Gonthier J. of the Supreme Court of Canada made the following comment (in dissent) in ''Consolidated-Bathurst:''<blockquote>The determination and assessment of facts are delicate tasks which turn on the credibility of the witness and an overall evaluation of the relevancy of all the information presented as evidence. As a general rule, these tasks cannot be properly performed by persons who have not heard all the evidence and the rules of natural justice do not allow such persons to vote on the result. Their participation in discussions dealing with such factual issues is less problematic when there is no participation in the final decision. However, ''I am of the view that generally such discussions constitute a breach of the rules of natural justice because they allow persons other than the parties to make representations on factual issues when they have not heard the evidence. [emphasis added]''<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>The applicability of this comment to the refugee context was considered by the Federal Court of Appeal in ''Bovbel v. Canada''. Specifically, in that case, the court considered whether having legal advisors have access to the files of refugee claimants when providing legal advice to Members, the above principle could be offended. The court rejected this concern as follows:<blockquote>A fair reading of the documents on the record shows, in our view, that the legal advisors were not expected to discuss the findings of facts made by the members but merely, if there was a factual inconsistency in the reasons, to look at the file in order to determine, if possible, how the inconsistency could be resolved. True, there was always the possibility that the legal advisors might, since they were in possession of the file, exceed their mandate and try to influence the factual findings of the Board. However, as mentioned by Mahoney J.A. in ''Weerasinge'', any policy is susceptible of abuse.<ref name=":1">''Bovbel v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration),'' 1994 CanLII 3465 (FCA), [1994] 2 FC 563</ref></blockquote>As such, discussions, whether with the Board's legal services team, or otherwise, should not aim to influence the factual findings of Members, but need not eschew all discussion of facts, for example where a Member has made inconsistent factual findings in a decision and that concern should be resolved. Procedural fairness does not demand that Members of the Board never discuss the facts of a file. That said, it is plain that a mandatory policy of legal review in which legal services members attempted to influence or pressure Members to make certain factual findings regarding a hearing that they had never observed would offend principles of independence. Finally, there appears to be a real lack of clarity on exactly how to interpret the statements of Gonthier J. in ''Consolidated-Bathurst.''<ref name=":2" /> For example, David Mullan writes in his text ''Administrative Law'' that "on the mater of discussion of the evidence, the Court itself is not totally unequivocal even in the context of discussions with colleagues who have not heard the evidence. Where staff have been present at giving of the relevant testimony or where the evidence is written rather than given orally, the constraint on discussion may not have quite the same force."<ref name=":02">Mullan, David, ''Administrative Law'' (Irwin Law), page 301.</ref> === Discussions between Members of different Divisions must be limited === The IRB Chairperson’s ''Instructions Governing Communications Between Related Divisions'' reaffirm the importance of institutional independence so that members are free from improper influence.<ref>Chairperson’s Instructions Governing Communications Between Related Divisions at the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, ''Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada,'' May 30, 2014. Online: <https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/legal-policy/policies/Documents/InstructDivisions_e.pdf> (accessed April 28, 2022).</ref> The Instructions provide that members of a first-level Division must never communicate with members of a related appeal Division, and vice versa, with respect to: * particular files, whether before or during deliberations, or after the final decision is rendered; and * adjudicative strategies pertaining to their Division. === The fact that IRB Members have limited terms of appointment does not in itself unduly constrain their independence === The IRPA establishes that IRB members have appointments of fixed duration. Generally speaking, independent decision makers should have terms that are sufficiently long to limit the pressure stemming from frequent renewals. This is compatible with having a term of fixed duration. For example, judges of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the African Court of Justice and Human Rights, and the Court of Justice of the European Union all have terms of six years.<ref>Alain Pellet, Judicial Settlement of International Disputes, ''Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law'', July 2013.</ref> Furthermore, while RPD members are granted ‘a high degree of independence’, they lack ‘the judicial independence of courts of law’.<ref>''Bourbonnais v Canada (Attorney General),'' 2004 FC 1754, para 35.</ref> In ''Sethi v. Canada'', the Federal Court concluded that the fact that the government had introduced a bill into Parliament discharging Board members without compensation for the unexpired term of their appointment did not, in itself, create a reasonable apprehension of bias. The Court noted in that case that the introduction of a bill does not create bias as passage of any bill is speculative and public policy dictates the government should be allowed to announce proposed changes without bringing tribunal to a halt.<ref>''Sethi v. M.E.I.,'' [1988] 2 F.C. 552, rev’g [1988] 2 F.C. 537.</ref> === The tribunal must follow explicit instructions stated in a judgment or direction from a reviewing court === Where a matter is remitted by the Court to an administrative tribunal for redetermination, a tribunal is required to follow explicit instruction stated in the judgment or direction from the reviewing Court.<ref>Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) v Yansane, 2017 FCA 48 at para 19.</ref> While the decision maker is advised to consider the comments and recommendations in the reviewing Court’s reasons, it is not required to follow them.<ref>''Ouellet v Canada (Attorney General),'' 2018 FCA 25 at para 7</ref> The fact that a judgment includes the statement that the matter is to be re-determined “in accordance with these reasons” does not mean that everything in the reasons constitutes a direction from the court. In the words of the Federal Court of Appeal: "I am of the opinion that only instructions explicitly stated in the judgment bind the subsequent decision-maker; otherwise, the comments and recommendations made by the Court in its reasons would have to be considered mere ''obiters'', and the decision-maker would be advised to consider them but not required to follow them."<ref>Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) v Yansane, 2017 FCA 48 at para 19</ref> As such, in ''Patricks v. Canada'', wherein a matter had been returned to the RAD on consent at the Federal Court on the basis that the compelling reasons doctrine had not been adequately considered in the underlying decision, the court held that as the court order did not make any explicit reference to "compelling reasons", the new RAD panel was "[free] to conduct a complete assessment and to reach a different conclusion from the RPD and namely, on the issue of credibility".<ref>Patricks v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2023 FC 745 (CanLII), at para 18, <https://canlii.ca/t/jxhpp#par18>, retrieved on 2023-06-28</ref> See also: * [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/The right to be heard and the right to a fair hearing#The record on a court-ordered redetermination]] * [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Reopening a Claim or Application#Once reopened, is a claim to be heard de novo or as a redetermination based on the previous record?]] == Deliberative Secrecy == The principle of deliberative secrecy prevents disclosure of how and why adjudicative decision-makers make their decisions. The "how and why" of decision-making are kept secret to protect the decision-maker and the decision-making process.<ref>''Summitt Energy Management Inc. v. Ontario Energy Board,'' 2012 ONSC 2753 (CanLII), as discussed in Cass, Fred D,; Thoms, Zoe, ''Deliberative Secrecy in the Context of Decision-Making by Administrative Tribunals'', Advocates' Quarterly 44 Advoc. Q. (2015) <https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/aqrty44&i=177>, page 169 (Accessed January 18, 2020).</ref> In the context of administrative decision-making, the common law principle of deliberative secrecy has two elements: (i) the general rule that the deliberative process is secret, and (ii) that secrecy will be lifted when this is necessary for effective judicial review of the administrative decision.<ref>''Mamut v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 1108 (CanLII), at para 3, <https://canlii.ca/t/k003d#par3>, retrieved on 2023-09-27.</ref> The jurisprudence establishes that, in the administrative context, the principle of deliberative secrecy applies only to administrative tribunals – that is, to bodies that make adjudicative decisions. It does not apply to “administrative decision makers” writ large.<ref>''Mamut v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 1108 (CanLII), at para 36, <https://canlii.ca/t/k003d#par36>, retrieved on 2023-09-27.</ref> Secrecy remains the rule, but it may nonetheless be lifted when the litigant can present valid reasons for believing that the process followed did not comply with the rules of natural justice.<ref>''Tremblay v Quebec (Commission des affaires sociales)'', 1992 CanLII 1135 (SCC), [1992] 1 SCR 952, as cited in ''Mamut v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 1108 (CanLII), at para 43, <https://canlii.ca/t/k003d#par43>, retrieved on 2023-09-27.</ref> This principle is reflected in s. 156 of the IRPA, which provides that members are not competent or compellable to appear as a witness in any civil proceedings in respect of the exercise or purported exercise of their functions under this Act: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/156 - Immunity and no summons]]. === The record on judicial review or appeal will not ordinarily include drafts of a Member’s decision === The record on judicial review or appeal will not ordinarily include drafts of a Member’s decision. When discussing immigration officers’ working notes, the court has stated that they “are properly classified as evidence of an officer’s thought process, but thoughts are only marginally relevant, if relevant at all, to the assessment of reasons, which is the heart of judicial review”.<ref>''Mehrara v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2024 FC 1554 (CanLII), at para 58, <<nowiki>https://canlii.ca/t/k74qm#par58</nowiki>>, retrieved on 2024-10-24.</ref> As stated by Justice John Norris: <q>“It has never been suggested that reasonableness review should also consider the reasons that may have been considered by the decision-maker but were ultimately not advanced in the final decision”.</q><ref>''Mohammed v Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship)'', 2019 FC 193 at para 52.</ref> See: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/RAD Rules Part 3 - Rules Applicable to All Appeals#RAD Rule 21 - Refugee Protection Division Record]]. === Access to information rights under the ''Privacy Act and Access to Information Act'' apply to files and recordings made of hearings === In general, the IRB may be required to release records related to hearing, including copies of files, audio recordings, and videos of hearing under the ''Access to Information Act'' to non-party requestors. This includes third-party subpoenas, media requests, and requests from academics or the general public. Such requests can also be made by a party to the case pursuant to the ''Privacy Act''. For example, in ''Krasilov v. Canada'', the applicants obtained a series of internal emails between the RAD member and an assistant working at the RAD regarding the assistant's review of the member’s draft decision.<ref>''Krasilov v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration),'' 2023 FC 635 (CanLII), at para 12, <https://canlii.ca/t/jx63g#par12>, retrieved on 2023-06-28.</ref> See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/Privacy Act]]. === Access to information rights under the ''Privacy Act'' do not apply to a Board Member's notes === The issue of how the principle of deliberative secrecy intersects with access to information rights under the federal ''Privacy Act'' was considered in ''Tunian v. Chairman of the Immigration and Refugee Board.''<ref>''Tunian v. Chairman of the Immigration and Refugee Board,'' 2004 FC 849 (CanLII).</ref> The Tunian family were refused refugee status. They applied pursuant to section 41 of the ''Privacy Act'' to receive the draft reasons and notes prepared by the member of the Refugee Protection Division of the IRB who made the decision determining that they were not Convention refugees. Section 41 of the Privacy Act gives the Court the jurisdiction to review instances in which an individual has been refused access to personal information. The ''Privacy Act'' provides individuals with a right of access to information about them where it is either in a "personal information bank" or under the "control" of a government institution. Access to the Member's notes was refused in this case on the basis that notes made by quasi-judicial decision-makers in the course of carrying out an independent adjudicative function are not in the control of the administrative tribunal but, rather, are in the control of the member themself. In this case, the court affirmed the decision ''Privacy Commissioner v. Labour Relations Board'' and held that the principles discussed therein apply to the Immigration and Refugee Board, particularly:<blockquote>It is the duty and role of courts to ensure that administrative tribunals make their decisions in accordance with the rules of natural justice. ... As such, courts are called upon to warrant the fairness of the process. To do so the Court must ensure that the tribunal possesses the freedom to decide matters independently, as it sees fit, without interference from anyone at any time. In my view, regulated and systematic intrusions by outsiders into the thought process of a decision maker as it stands to be revealed by the hearing notes would impact negatively on the integrity of the decision-making process.<ref>''Canada (Privacy Commissioner v. Canada (Labour Relations Board)'' (2000), 257 N.R. 66 (F.C.A.), [2000] F.C.J. No. 617 (C.A.) (QL)).</ref></blockquote> === Board Members are neither competent nor compellable witnesses as a result of the principle of deliberative secrecy === The rule protecting deliberative secrecy is an exclusionary rule. The rule operates to prohibit compelled testimony from judges about their deliberations. It also provides that judges are not ''competent'' to testify about their deliberations. That is because the purpose of the rule is not to protect judges’ personal interests, but rather “to ensure public confidence in an impartial and independent judicial system”: ''Kosko c. Bijimine.''<ref>''Kosko c. Bijimine,'' 2006 QCCA 671 at para. 40.</ref> Gascon J. stated in ''Laval v. Syndicat de l’enseignement de la région de Laval'' that “[j]udges cannot of course choose to lift deliberative secrecy to explain the reasoning behind their conclusions whenever it suits them to do so.”<ref>''Commission scolaire de Laval v. Syndicat de l’enseignement de la région de Laval,'' 2016 SCC 8, at para. 64.</ref> Among the broader rationales that have been offered for this rule is to prevent judges themselves from subsequently augmenting or qualifying their reasons, which offends the need for finality in judicial decision-making and undermines public confidence in the administration of justice.<ref>''West Moberly First Nations v British Columbia,'' 2018 BCSC 1835 (CanLII), para. 159.</ref> The applicability of this rule to Members of the Immigration and Refugee Board was considered in ''Ermina v. Canada.''<ref>''Ermina v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration)'' (1998), 1998 CanLII 8969 (FC), 167 D.L.R. (4th) 764 (F.C.).</ref> In that case, the applicant’s refugee status had been vacated by a panel of the Board. At the hearing before the Board, the applicant had sought to elicit testimony from the chair of the panel that had originally granted her that status. The Board refused to hear such testimony, relying on the rule protecting deliberative secrecy. The applicant then tried to adduce an affidavit sworn by the former chair and containing the same information. The Board refused to receive that as well. On the ensuing application for judicial review, Tremblay-Lamer J. upheld the Board’s decisions in that regard, finding that the former chair was neither a compellable nor a competent witness. In that decision, justice Tremblay-Lamer explained that “[d]ecisions must be final and subject only to review in the ordinary channels.” In reaching that conclusion, she relied heavily on ''Agnew v. Ontario Association of Architects'',<ref>''Agnew v. Ontario Association of Architects'' (1987), 1987 CanLII 4030 (ON SC), 64 O.R. (2d) 8 (Div. Ct.) at 14.</ref> in which the Court elaborated on the rationale for extending the rule to administrative decision-makers:<blockquote>The authorities do not make it clear whether this general rule applies equally to members of administrative tribunals. In logic, there is no reason why it should not. The mischief of penetrating the decision process of a tribunal member is exactly the same as the mischief of penetrating the decision process of a judge. Apart from the practical consideration that tribunal members and judges would spend more time testifying about their decisions than making them, their compellability would be inconsistent with any system of finality of decisions. No decision and ''a fortiori'' no record, would be really final until the judge or tribunal member had been cross-examined about his decision. Instead of review by appeal or extraordinary remedy, a system would grow up of review by cross-examination. In the case of a specialized tribunal representing different interests the mischief would be even greater because the process of discussion and compromise among different points of view would not work if stripped of its confidentiality. It is not necessary to catalogue all the different forms of mischief that might result from the compellability of judges and tribunal members to testify about their decisions. It is sufficient to say that there is no reason in logic to distinguish between a judge and a member of the statutory tribunal under consideration here.</blockquote>See also: [[Canadian Refugee Procedure/156 - Immunity and no summons]]. This is consistent with international practices regarding human rights and refugee inquiries. For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone concluded that the High Commissioner for Human Rights was protected by privilege and should not be compelled to provide information considered confidential.<ref>Prosecutor v. Brima, Kamara and Kanu, case No. SCSL-2004-16-AR73, Appeals Chamber, Decision on Prosecution Appeal against Decision on Oral Application for Witness TF1-150 to Testify without Being Compelled to Answer Questions on Grounds of Confidentiality, 26 May 2006</ref> === Board management cannot read a Member's emails without good reason === The IRB has stated that it supports the principle that access to an employee's e-mail without consent is justified only in extreme situations, for example in situations involving a criminal or security infraction, and only after proper authorization from senior management. As a result, a Member's emails will ordinarily be private and not readable by managers or others in the organization, absent exceptional circumstances and good reason to do so. The federal Privacy Commissioner chastised the IRB when it departed from this standard in one case.<ref>Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, ''Inappropriate monitoring of employees' e-mail accounts,'' Date modified: 2003-01-29, <https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/investigations/investigations-into-federal-institutions/2001-02/pa_200102_05/> (Accessed August 16, 2020).</ref> == References == <references responsive="" /> {{BookCat}} gmjermbn3e7cepyipqugg9gmqaatckc Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2) 0 426716 4442367 4109913 2024-10-24T15:35:28Z MarcGarver 134830 /* Notable Figures in Spira's History */ 4442367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{to do|add missing images}} This book has maps and pictures of all hidden areas in Spira but is not a game Walktrough. For a detailed Walkthrough see [http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/ps2/game/197344.html GameFAQs for ''Final Fantasy X''] or [http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/ps2/game/562386.html GameFAQs for ''Final Fantasy X-2'']. This is a more detailed look at the world of Spira, written with fanfiction writers and other ''[[Final Fantasy X]]'' or ''[[Final Fantasy X-2]]'' fanatics in mind. People who write fanfiction for both ''FFX'' and ''FFX-2'' often want to describe a place or someone from the game, but can't find any pictures on the web. Now they can. {{TOCleft}} ==Economy== ===Currency=== [[File:Sphere_break_2.jpg|thumb|150 px|right|Coins used during Sphere Break]] Spira currently uses '''gil''' as its official currency, but evidence dug out in Bikanel Desert recently (FFX-2) indicates it may have used gold coins in the past. For notation we will use "G" for gil amounts. ===Commerce=== People in Spira can be seen weaving (Besaid), working in shops, bars and travel agencies, playing blitzball, raising chocobos, sailing boats, managing shoopufs and performing in a variety of entertainment shows. One assumes some Spira residents fish and grow produce to supply their fellow Spirans with consumable goods (like the fishing nets found in Besaid) and that there must be a market in every city/village. [[File:FFXMAPs.jpg|thumb|Spira]] ==Geography== The world of Spira is covered in large part with water, having only one large continent that spans from Spira's south pole—viewable in the distance in Besaid—<!-- [[Renmiri to do|add img]] --> to well above Spira's equator. ===Climate=== [[File:Macalania.jpg|thumb|200px|The Macalania Woods]] On the southern part of the continent, Spira's climate resembles the climate of the south pacific on Earth. The climate gets colder as one approaches Guadosalam, further to the north, as we can see by the clothing worn by the Guado and Bevelle natives. Macalania seems to be positioned at a high altitude, as vast icy areas can be seen on the road to Macalania Temple, yet ice is not present in the neighboring city of Bevelle. With the exception of the snowy high mountain trails of Mt. Gagazet, the northern tip of the continent seems to have a temperate or mildly warm climate since lighter clothing is worn by Yunalesca, Maechen and other Zanarkand natives and by the travel agency patrons on the Calm Lands. ===Flora/Fauna=== Spira has its own unique fauna, composed mainly of '''[[w:fiends|fiends]]''', which are hostile monsters that attack any passerby. Other animals that can be seen in Spira are small monkeys, dogs, cats and [[w:Final Fantasy bestiary|chocobos and shoopuf]]. All plant species in Spira resemble the vegetation on Earth with three notable exceptions: [[:File:Macalania.jpg|The magical woods of Macalania Forest]], the moon lilies of the Moonflow and the '''plant fiends''', plant-like monsters such as the [[w:Final Fantasy bestiary|Ochu]]. ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Culture|Cultural aspects]]== From Wikipedia: ''Many elements of Final Fantasy X are drawn from Japanese culture and folklore. The names of most of the main cast are drawn from either Okinawan or Ainu words ("Yuna" meaning "moon" in the former and "Wakka" "water" in the latter). The world of Spira itself is modeled on southeast asia, most notably with respect to its vegetation, topography, and architecture''. ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Culture/Religion|Religion]]=== The Teachings of Yevon—said to have been left by Yevon to his daughter, Lady Yunalesca—were implemented by Bevelle to maintain order through giving the people hope that Spira may someday be free of Sin should they atone for their "sins." Until Yuna exposed their lies, the Church of Yevon taught that machina were forbidden, that Sin was a result of humanity's pride and use of machina in the past, and that Sin could only be vanquished when humanity had attained purity and been cleansed of its past sins. Until then, it was said that only the ritual known as "the Final Summoning" would provide brief reprieves from Sin's terror (called "Calms"). ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Culture/Mythology|Mythology]]=== Like many of the precedent ''[[w:Final Fantasy (series)|Final Fantasy]]'' games, the story lines of the role-playing games ''[[Final Fantasy X]]'' and ''[[Final Fantasy X-2]]'' borrow ideas and names from ancient mythological figures and from past and present cultures such as Indian, Roman, Greek and Arabian, but the two games also have their own distinct mythology. The concepts of '''magic''', '''spiritual energy''', the power of memories, and the spirituality of the people are heavily intertwined, and their effects manifest in a number of situations, including sporting events, religious practices, the technology used by Spirans and even in some of the native wildlife of the planet. The '''''Hymn of the Fayth'''''—composed by Japanese composer [[w:Nobuo Uematsu|Nobuo Uematsu]]—serves as a transitional song and an indicator of religious importance or solemnity. In actuality, the Hymn of the Fayth was originally an Al Bhed song sung in defiance of Yu Yevon. In the real world, the lyrics of the song require some deciphering to find their true meaning. ===Entertainment=== *[[Final Fantasy X/Blitzball|Blitzball]] *[[Final Fantasy X-2/Sphere Break|Sphere Break]] ==Population== [[File:Hypello FFX.jpg|thumb|70px|Hypello]] ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Ethnic|Races / Ethnic Groups]]=== Most intelligent beings in Spira belong to one of the five sentient humanoid races that inhabit the planet. The exception are the Cactuar, intelligent, talking cacti that can even move around Spira during certain stages of their lives. The Cactuars have been the protectors of Bikanel Desert for many generations. '''Humanoids''' — Humanoids in Spira belong to one of the following five sentient races: [[w:Races of Final Fantasy#Ronso|Ronso]], [[w:Races of Final Fantasy#Guado|Guado]], [[w:Races of Final Fantasy#Hypello|Hypello]], [[w:Races of Final Fantasy#Al Bhed|Al Bhed]] and [[w:Races of Final Fantasy#Hume|regular humans]]. Among Spira's regular humans there are several small ethnic subgroups that share some distinctive clothing and/or physical traits. <br>'''Cactuar''' — The ''[[w:Cactuar|Cactuar]]'' are intelligent, talking cacti that appear in the games ''[[Final Fantasy X]]'' and its sequel, ''[[Final Fantasy X-2]]''. They go through several life stages, including one where they are small mobile cacti. {{clear}} ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Magical|Magical Beings]]=== [[File:LENNE_U.jpg|left|thumb|120 px|Lenne is an unsent]] In Spira, we have the regular humanoid persons and animals that can be killed or die of natural causes, but we also have several magical classes of beings. There are two types of "immortal" beings that look, move and talk as living humans yet are not alive and cannot die: The unsent and the fayth. All five humanoid races can technically become either, depending on circumstance and the individuals in question. There are also two classes of magical fauna in Spira: the helpful '''Aeons''' and the aggressive '''fiends'''. {{clear}} ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places|Places to go]]== [[Image:SPMAPS2.jpg|right|400 px]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Besaid|Besaid]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Kilika|Kilika]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Luca|Luca]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Mihen|Mi'hen Highroad]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Mushroom Rock|Mushroom Rock]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Djose|Djose]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Moonflow|Moonflow]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Guadosalam|Guadosalam]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Thunder Plains|Thunder Plains]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Macalania|Macalania Woods]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Bevelle|Bevelle]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Calm Lands|Calm Lands]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Gagazet|Mt. Gagazet]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Zanarkand Ruins|Zanarkand]] ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/History|Spira's History]]== ===Calendar=== For clarity's sake, we will divide Spira's calendar into two periods: before and after the events on first game of the series (FFX) take place, abbreviated as "BG" and "AG" respectively. Following this notation, FFX-2 takes place in the year AG 2 and the Bevelle/Zanarkand war takes place in year 1,000 BG. [[Image:TIMELINE.jpg|center]] ===Significant Events=== One thousand years before the events of ''Final Fantasy X'' take place, the world of Spira was much different than what we see in the game. Zanarkand, now a dead city, was a vibrant metropolis with many skyscrapers and a thriving civilization of mages, lead by Summoner Yu Yevon. Bevelle was also a large, vibrant city, though at this time, its leaders were not preoccupied with the Church of Yevon, for they were actually enemies of both Yevon and Zanarkand. A war began between Zanarkand and Bevelle, and Sin was born of an attempt by Yu Yevon to preserve his city, if only in memories. Sin destroyed all living things it encountered, but had been programmed to especially target advanced technology and large populations of people. Yu Yevon's daughter, Yunalesca, defeated Sin 1,000 years ago and brought temporary peace to Spira with the first Calm. After Yunalesca, the title of "high summoner" was bestowed on summoners that were successful in defeating Sin. There are currently only 6 High Summoners known to have defeated Sin after Yunalesca: *Lord Gandof defeated Sin 400 years ago (400 BG), becoming the first high summoner since Yunalesca. *Lord Ohalland defeated Sin 230 years ago(230 BG). *Lady Yocun defeated Sin approximately 100 years ago (100 BG). *Lord Braska, Yuna's father, defeated Sin ten years before the events of FFX took place (10 BG). *Lady Yuna defeated Sin during FFX, bringing the Eternal Calm and becoming the last high summoner, and also defeated Vegnagun two years later during FFX-2 (AG 2). ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Cities|Lost Cities]]== All large ruins share Zanarkand's distinctive architectural style, which differs widely from Spira's current style for cities such as Luca. ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Cities/Dream Zanarkand|Dream City]]=== In addition to the ruined cities, Spira also has [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Cities/Dream Zanarkand|Dream Zanarkand]], Tidus' home town, which is shown as a very advanced technological city, featuring little to no magic. ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Cities/City Ruins|City Ruins]]=== After 1,000 years of Sin's attacks, as one might expect, the world of Spira plays host to the ruins of many old cities and buildings. They are the "lost cities of Spira": #Zanarkand Ruins - A city dead for 1,000 years; '''not''' the same city as Tidus' home town of Dream Zanarkand. #Moonflow river - Submerged city ruins #Mi'hen Highroad - City ruins #Bikanel Desert ruins #Thunder Plains ruins #Macalania Lake - Submerged city ruins #Besaid ruins #Calm Lands ruins #Yadonoki Tower ruins - The tower explored in Last Mission ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Temples|Temples]]== Each temple has a distinctive architectural style, and bears differences to that seen in the temple at Zanarkand. This can be easily explained in that the temples that are part of a summoner's pilgrimage were all built ''after'' Zanarkand fell, and were constructed by the Church of Yevon. ===Open Temples=== #Besaid Temple - Valefor's fayth - No element #Kilika Temple - Ifrit's fayth - Fire element #Djose Temple - Ixion's aeon - Thunder element #Macalania Temple - Shiva's aeon - Ice element #Bevelle Temple - Bahamut's aeon - No element ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Temples|Lost Temples]]=== #Baaj Temple - Anima's fayth - No element #Remien Temple - Magus Sisters' fayth - No element #Floating Ruins - No fayth; only accessible in FFX-2; very distinctive architecture, possibly indicative of a Water element theme ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Hidden Dungeons]]== There are fourteen dungeons that have been discovered so far in Spira: ===Dungeons available in [[w:Final Fantasy X|FFX]]=== #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Calm Lands Gorge - Cavern of the Stolen Fayth]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Omega Ruins - Omega Dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Bevelle - Underwater Dungeon - Via Purifico]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Gagazet Summit - Small Underwater/Cave dungeon]] ===Additional dungeons available in [[w:Final Fantasy X-2|FFX-2]]=== #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Mi'hen Highroad - Old Road; hover crashsite dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Zanarkand - Zanarkand Dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Floating Ruins - Small dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Chocobo Ranch dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Thunder Plains - Tower dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Thunder Plains - Dragon dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Bikanel Desert - Cactuar dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Mushroom Rock - Den of Woe]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Bevelle - Via Infinito]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Besaid - Wakka's Cave]] ==Architecture== Many places in Spira have ruins showcasing a distinctive architectural style of tall round towers with pointed cones and a band of decorative runes around each cone. The tower colors resemble terracotta with decorations are usually blue/green and windows that tend to be circular. This architectural style is in stark contrast to that of modern Spiran settlements, indicating that the modern cities of Spira were probably built after the Machina War and the desolation of the machina cities, explaining why they have a very different style from that of Zanarkand and the other machina cities of the past. <div align=center> '''Different Architectural styles in Spira:''' <gallery> Image:Luca_6.jpg|The modern city of Luca at the time of FFX Image:Grabbed_Frame_15.jpg|Tidus' hometown of Dream Zanarkand Image:Macalania_17.jpg|Macalania Lake Bottom Ruins/City on Sin's Head Image:Float_13.jpg|Floating Ruins at Gagazet </gallery></div> ==Sources== *[[w:Final Fantasy X Scenario Ultimania|Final Fantasy X Scenario Ultimania Guide]] *[[w:Final Fantasy X Battle Ultimania|Final Fantasy X Battle Ultimania Guide]] *[[w:Final Fantasy X Ultimania Omega Guide|Final Fantasy X Ultimania Omega Guide]] *[[w:Final Fantasy X-2 Ultimania|Final Fantasy X-2 Ultimania Guide]] *[[wikipedia:Mythology of Final Fantasy X|Mythology of Final Fantasy X page at Wikipedia]] *[[wikipedia:Spira (Final Fantasy X)|Spira's page at Wikipedia]] {{bookcat}} {{shelves|Final Fantasy}}<!--Explicitly NOT a strategy guide.--> {{Status|50}} r1h12jwcttdp75h1gplgu4a84ngay5w 4442369 4442367 2024-10-24T15:35:48Z MarcGarver 134830 /* Architecture */ 4442369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{to do|add missing images}} This book has maps and pictures of all hidden areas in Spira but is not a game Walktrough. For a detailed Walkthrough see [http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/ps2/game/197344.html GameFAQs for ''Final Fantasy X''] or [http://www.gamefaqs.com/console/ps2/game/562386.html GameFAQs for ''Final Fantasy X-2'']. This is a more detailed look at the world of Spira, written with fanfiction writers and other ''[[Final Fantasy X]]'' or ''[[Final Fantasy X-2]]'' fanatics in mind. People who write fanfiction for both ''FFX'' and ''FFX-2'' often want to describe a place or someone from the game, but can't find any pictures on the web. Now they can. {{TOCleft}} ==Economy== ===Currency=== [[File:Sphere_break_2.jpg|thumb|150 px|right|Coins used during Sphere Break]] Spira currently uses '''gil''' as its official currency, but evidence dug out in Bikanel Desert recently (FFX-2) indicates it may have used gold coins in the past. For notation we will use "G" for gil amounts. ===Commerce=== People in Spira can be seen weaving (Besaid), working in shops, bars and travel agencies, playing blitzball, raising chocobos, sailing boats, managing shoopufs and performing in a variety of entertainment shows. One assumes some Spira residents fish and grow produce to supply their fellow Spirans with consumable goods (like the fishing nets found in Besaid) and that there must be a market in every city/village. [[File:FFXMAPs.jpg|thumb|Spira]] ==Geography== The world of Spira is covered in large part with water, having only one large continent that spans from Spira's south pole—viewable in the distance in Besaid—<!-- [[Renmiri to do|add img]] --> to well above Spira's equator. ===Climate=== [[File:Macalania.jpg|thumb|200px|The Macalania Woods]] On the southern part of the continent, Spira's climate resembles the climate of the south pacific on Earth. The climate gets colder as one approaches Guadosalam, further to the north, as we can see by the clothing worn by the Guado and Bevelle natives. Macalania seems to be positioned at a high altitude, as vast icy areas can be seen on the road to Macalania Temple, yet ice is not present in the neighboring city of Bevelle. With the exception of the snowy high mountain trails of Mt. Gagazet, the northern tip of the continent seems to have a temperate or mildly warm climate since lighter clothing is worn by Yunalesca, Maechen and other Zanarkand natives and by the travel agency patrons on the Calm Lands. ===Flora/Fauna=== Spira has its own unique fauna, composed mainly of '''[[w:fiends|fiends]]''', which are hostile monsters that attack any passerby. Other animals that can be seen in Spira are small monkeys, dogs, cats and [[w:Final Fantasy bestiary|chocobos and shoopuf]]. All plant species in Spira resemble the vegetation on Earth with three notable exceptions: [[:File:Macalania.jpg|The magical woods of Macalania Forest]], the moon lilies of the Moonflow and the '''plant fiends''', plant-like monsters such as the [[w:Final Fantasy bestiary|Ochu]]. ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Culture|Cultural aspects]]== From Wikipedia: ''Many elements of Final Fantasy X are drawn from Japanese culture and folklore. The names of most of the main cast are drawn from either Okinawan or Ainu words ("Yuna" meaning "moon" in the former and "Wakka" "water" in the latter). The world of Spira itself is modeled on southeast asia, most notably with respect to its vegetation, topography, and architecture''. ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Culture/Religion|Religion]]=== The Teachings of Yevon—said to have been left by Yevon to his daughter, Lady Yunalesca—were implemented by Bevelle to maintain order through giving the people hope that Spira may someday be free of Sin should they atone for their "sins." Until Yuna exposed their lies, the Church of Yevon taught that machina were forbidden, that Sin was a result of humanity's pride and use of machina in the past, and that Sin could only be vanquished when humanity had attained purity and been cleansed of its past sins. Until then, it was said that only the ritual known as "the Final Summoning" would provide brief reprieves from Sin's terror (called "Calms"). ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Culture/Mythology|Mythology]]=== Like many of the precedent ''[[w:Final Fantasy (series)|Final Fantasy]]'' games, the story lines of the role-playing games ''[[Final Fantasy X]]'' and ''[[Final Fantasy X-2]]'' borrow ideas and names from ancient mythological figures and from past and present cultures such as Indian, Roman, Greek and Arabian, but the two games also have their own distinct mythology. The concepts of '''magic''', '''spiritual energy''', the power of memories, and the spirituality of the people are heavily intertwined, and their effects manifest in a number of situations, including sporting events, religious practices, the technology used by Spirans and even in some of the native wildlife of the planet. The '''''Hymn of the Fayth'''''—composed by Japanese composer [[w:Nobuo Uematsu|Nobuo Uematsu]]—serves as a transitional song and an indicator of religious importance or solemnity. In actuality, the Hymn of the Fayth was originally an Al Bhed song sung in defiance of Yu Yevon. In the real world, the lyrics of the song require some deciphering to find their true meaning. ===Entertainment=== *[[Final Fantasy X/Blitzball|Blitzball]] *[[Final Fantasy X-2/Sphere Break|Sphere Break]] ==Population== [[File:Hypello FFX.jpg|thumb|70px|Hypello]] ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Ethnic|Races / Ethnic Groups]]=== Most intelligent beings in Spira belong to one of the five sentient humanoid races that inhabit the planet. The exception are the Cactuar, intelligent, talking cacti that can even move around Spira during certain stages of their lives. The Cactuars have been the protectors of Bikanel Desert for many generations. '''Humanoids''' — Humanoids in Spira belong to one of the following five sentient races: [[w:Races of Final Fantasy#Ronso|Ronso]], [[w:Races of Final Fantasy#Guado|Guado]], [[w:Races of Final Fantasy#Hypello|Hypello]], [[w:Races of Final Fantasy#Al Bhed|Al Bhed]] and [[w:Races of Final Fantasy#Hume|regular humans]]. Among Spira's regular humans there are several small ethnic subgroups that share some distinctive clothing and/or physical traits. <br>'''Cactuar''' — The ''[[w:Cactuar|Cactuar]]'' are intelligent, talking cacti that appear in the games ''[[Final Fantasy X]]'' and its sequel, ''[[Final Fantasy X-2]]''. They go through several life stages, including one where they are small mobile cacti. {{clear}} ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Magical|Magical Beings]]=== [[File:LENNE_U.jpg|left|thumb|120 px|Lenne is an unsent]] In Spira, we have the regular humanoid persons and animals that can be killed or die of natural causes, but we also have several magical classes of beings. There are two types of "immortal" beings that look, move and talk as living humans yet are not alive and cannot die: The unsent and the fayth. All five humanoid races can technically become either, depending on circumstance and the individuals in question. There are also two classes of magical fauna in Spira: the helpful '''Aeons''' and the aggressive '''fiends'''. {{clear}} ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places|Places to go]]== [[Image:SPMAPS2.jpg|right|400 px]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Besaid|Besaid]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Kilika|Kilika]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Luca|Luca]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Mihen|Mi'hen Highroad]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Mushroom Rock|Mushroom Rock]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Djose|Djose]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Moonflow|Moonflow]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Guadosalam|Guadosalam]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Thunder Plains|Thunder Plains]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Macalania|Macalania Woods]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Bevelle|Bevelle]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Calm Lands|Calm Lands]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Gagazet|Mt. Gagazet]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Places/Zanarkand Ruins|Zanarkand]] ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/History|Spira's History]]== ===Calendar=== For clarity's sake, we will divide Spira's calendar into two periods: before and after the events on first game of the series (FFX) take place, abbreviated as "BG" and "AG" respectively. Following this notation, FFX-2 takes place in the year AG 2 and the Bevelle/Zanarkand war takes place in year 1,000 BG. [[Image:TIMELINE.jpg|center]] ===Significant Events=== One thousand years before the events of ''Final Fantasy X'' take place, the world of Spira was much different than what we see in the game. Zanarkand, now a dead city, was a vibrant metropolis with many skyscrapers and a thriving civilization of mages, lead by Summoner Yu Yevon. Bevelle was also a large, vibrant city, though at this time, its leaders were not preoccupied with the Church of Yevon, for they were actually enemies of both Yevon and Zanarkand. A war began between Zanarkand and Bevelle, and Sin was born of an attempt by Yu Yevon to preserve his city, if only in memories. Sin destroyed all living things it encountered, but had been programmed to especially target advanced technology and large populations of people. Yu Yevon's daughter, Yunalesca, defeated Sin 1,000 years ago and brought temporary peace to Spira with the first Calm. After Yunalesca, the title of "high summoner" was bestowed on summoners that were successful in defeating Sin. There are currently only 6 High Summoners known to have defeated Sin after Yunalesca: *Lord Gandof defeated Sin 400 years ago (400 BG), becoming the first high summoner since Yunalesca. *Lord Ohalland defeated Sin 230 years ago(230 BG). *Lady Yocun defeated Sin approximately 100 years ago (100 BG). *Lord Braska, Yuna's father, defeated Sin ten years before the events of FFX took place (10 BG). *Lady Yuna defeated Sin during FFX, bringing the Eternal Calm and becoming the last high summoner, and also defeated Vegnagun two years later during FFX-2 (AG 2). ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Cities|Lost Cities]]== All large ruins share Zanarkand's distinctive architectural style, which differs widely from Spira's current style for cities such as Luca. ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Cities/Dream Zanarkand|Dream City]]=== In addition to the ruined cities, Spira also has [[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Cities/Dream Zanarkand|Dream Zanarkand]], Tidus' home town, which is shown as a very advanced technological city, featuring little to no magic. ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Cities/City Ruins|City Ruins]]=== After 1,000 years of Sin's attacks, as one might expect, the world of Spira plays host to the ruins of many old cities and buildings. They are the "lost cities of Spira": #Zanarkand Ruins - A city dead for 1,000 years; '''not''' the same city as Tidus' home town of Dream Zanarkand. #Moonflow river - Submerged city ruins #Mi'hen Highroad - City ruins #Bikanel Desert ruins #Thunder Plains ruins #Macalania Lake - Submerged city ruins #Besaid ruins #Calm Lands ruins #Yadonoki Tower ruins - The tower explored in Last Mission ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Temples|Temples]]== Each temple has a distinctive architectural style, and bears differences to that seen in the temple at Zanarkand. This can be easily explained in that the temples that are part of a summoner's pilgrimage were all built ''after'' Zanarkand fell, and were constructed by the Church of Yevon. ===Open Temples=== #Besaid Temple - Valefor's fayth - No element #Kilika Temple - Ifrit's fayth - Fire element #Djose Temple - Ixion's aeon - Thunder element #Macalania Temple - Shiva's aeon - Ice element #Bevelle Temple - Bahamut's aeon - No element ===[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Temples|Lost Temples]]=== #Baaj Temple - Anima's fayth - No element #Remien Temple - Magus Sisters' fayth - No element #Floating Ruins - No fayth; only accessible in FFX-2; very distinctive architecture, possibly indicative of a Water element theme ==[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Hidden Dungeons]]== There are fourteen dungeons that have been discovered so far in Spira: ===Dungeons available in [[w:Final Fantasy X|FFX]]=== #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Calm Lands Gorge - Cavern of the Stolen Fayth]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Omega Ruins - Omega Dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Bevelle - Underwater Dungeon - Via Purifico]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Gagazet Summit - Small Underwater/Cave dungeon]] ===Additional dungeons available in [[w:Final Fantasy X-2|FFX-2]]=== #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Mi'hen Highroad - Old Road; hover crashsite dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Zanarkand - Zanarkand Dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Floating Ruins - Small dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Chocobo Ranch dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Thunder Plains - Tower dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Thunder Plains - Dragon dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Bikanel Desert - Cactuar dungeon]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Mushroom Rock - Den of Woe]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Bevelle - Via Infinito]] #[[Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Hidden Dungeons|Besaid - Wakka's Cave]] ==Architecture== Many places in Spira have ruins showcasing a distinctive architectural style of tall round towers with pointed cones and a band of decorative runes around each cone. The tower colors resemble terracotta with decorations are usually blue/green and windows that tend to be circular. This architectural style is in stark contrast to that of modern Spiran settlements, indicating that the modern cities of Spira were probably built after the Machina War and the desolation of the machina cities, explaining why they have a very different style from that of Zanarkand and the other machina cities of the past. <div align=center> ==Sources== *[[w:Final Fantasy X Scenario Ultimania|Final Fantasy X Scenario Ultimania Guide]] *[[w:Final Fantasy X Battle Ultimania|Final Fantasy X Battle Ultimania Guide]] *[[w:Final Fantasy X Ultimania Omega Guide|Final Fantasy X Ultimania Omega Guide]] *[[w:Final Fantasy X-2 Ultimania|Final Fantasy X-2 Ultimania Guide]] *[[wikipedia:Mythology of Final Fantasy X|Mythology of Final Fantasy X page at Wikipedia]] *[[wikipedia:Spira (Final Fantasy X)|Spira's page at Wikipedia]] {{bookcat}} {{shelves|Final Fantasy}}<!--Explicitly NOT a strategy guide.--> {{Status|50}} ctqehhjknomprjc93q8t8jltnqvb27u Illustrated Guide to the world of Spira (FFX and FFX-2)/Lost Cities/Dream Zanarkand 0 426760 4442370 3966850 2024-10-24T15:36:04Z MarcGarver 134830 4442370 wikitext text/x-wiki Although it is made clear in the game that the fayth have been dreaming for 1,000 years and that their dream allows Yu Yevon to summon Dream Zanarkand, the nature and the inner workings of this summon are topic of intense debate among FFX and X2 fans. Topics debated include: Where is Dream Zanarkand located, if it is physically in Spira at all, how old the Dream city is (1,000 years of history or just 1 lifetime's worth of history?), how did Jecht get in contact with Sin, etc. ==Gallery== The city we see at the beginning of the game, Tidus' home town, is shown in the game as a very modern city, with little or no magic and no summoners. We can be reasonably sure of that because Tidus does not recognize magic and he is baffled at the term summoner when he gets transferred to Yuna's world of Spira. Tidus does mention when asked that there are only a few fiends in his Zanarkand, but its a big deal when one shows up. We see very few details about Tidus' home town besides the fact that it has a large Blitzball stadium, several large tall buildings, viaducts and a small boat marina. To Tidus' surprise he learns that the entire city is a dream of the fayth, who are aiding High Summoner Yu Yevon call forth a dream-like version of the Zanarkand that was destroyed 1,000 years ago. The entire city and its residents dissolved into pyreflies after Yuna and her team defeated Yu Yevon. {{BookCat}} pprixr4rwdrwp8ajdkfirx1sjffu062 Hobo tourism/Visiting Death 0 448609 4442430 4106352 2024-10-24T22:22:13Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File:Victor Pinchuk (Russian traveler) and a support group.jpg|thumb|350px|Support group (in red — a local guy who called help)]] '''Visiting Death''' — the conditional name of the incident associated with the unwitting stay of Viktor Pinchuk in the uninhabited territory. On 30 January 2011, a Russian traveler, while on a [[Hobo tourism/Third creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa|solo expedition on the African continent]], attempting to swim the [[w:Cunene River|Kunene River]] in the lower reaches of [[w:Epupa Falls|Epupa Falls]] (Namibia), was carried away by stormy waters, eventually ending up on the opposite shore, belonging to the neighboring country — Angola. The following morning, he was seen by a villager who reported the incident to the inhabitants of the commune. The police arrived and made an inventory of the money, clothes and other property left on the other side of river. They called a rescue team, as a result of which, in the afternoon, the «jungle prisoner» was released. == General information == * Scene: Namibia, Angola. * Date: 30 January 2011, 9:30 a.m. * Coordinates: -16.984580 / 13.226720. * Time spent in uninhabited territory: about 30 hours. * Food: leaves of trees and shrubs, water from the river. * Way of lodging: plucked and laid on the ground grass. * Effects: light heat stroke, sunburn. == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed" heights="300px" caption="Illustrations from newspaper articles (see material in Wikisource)"> File:Epupa — falling water.jpg File: Half an hour before the incident (english language).jpg File:Epupa falls (Namibia).jpg </gallery> == Materials in Wikisource project == * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:Visiting Death| "Visiting Death"]]'' * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:Ridiculous "cruise" of Robinson| "Ridiculous "cruise" of Robinson"]]'' == Literature == * Pinchuk, Viktor (in [[Russian language|ru]]) ''"[[Hobo tourism/Third African trip|Third African trip]]"''. — Simferopol: Phoenix Enterprise, 2013. — 56 p. — ISBN 978-617-671-039-4 {{bookcat}} [[Category:Survival practice in extreme conditions]] mksdgxoc493fa3iia8gvtinncd3amfh Hobo tourism/One day in an Afghan prison 0 448611 4442429 4106353 2024-10-24T22:22:06Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File:Фото из книги Афганский арестант.jpg|thumb|350px|upright|Photo from the book [[Hobo tourism/Afghan prisoner|"Afghan prisoner"]]]] '''One day in an Afghan prison''' — an incident that occurred with Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk while in Kabul on 15 October 2008. On the evening of the above-mentioned date, the subject of the incident left [[w: ru: Мехмунсарай|Mehmunsaray]], located in the [[w:Koht-e Sangi|Kote Sangi district]] on the outskirts of the Afghan capital, to buy fresh flatbread for dinner, but did not have time to perform the intended, since was stopped by the policemen from the nearest checkpoint, that asked the foreigner to show his ID. After checking the passport, the paramilitary police tell the opponent to return to his residence, which meant for Russian guest will lose dinner. After hearing a negative answer, one of the policemen of the order seated the detainee in a passing taxi and drove him to the nearest station, where after a brief interrogation (in the format of an interview) he was transferred to the place of deprivation of liberty, having first placed him in a three-seat cell, where an Afghan old man was held, and then they isolated in a separat tiny cell by evicting two of the inhabitants. The next morning, when the authorities came to examine the case and did not find any criminal activity in the detainee’s actions, they make decided to release him, which was done in the afternoon after checking the contents of the seized photocamera. == General information == * Scene: Kabul City. * Date of detention: 15 September 2008, approximately 19 hours. * Date of release: 16 September 2008, approximately 17 hours. * Time of stay in place of detention: about 20 hours. * Food: tea and bread; rice. * Method of overnight: [[w: ru:Нары|bunks]]. == Gallery (video) == <gallery widths="300px" heights="300px" class=""> File: Hotel in Afghanistan-2.webm|thumbtime=05|Mehmunsarai, where the "prisoner" lived before and after the events File: Bakery.ogv|thumbtime=05|Afghan tortillas — breakfast, dinner and lunch of the Russian traveler File: Kote Sangi.ogv|thumbtime=10|[[w:Koht-e Sangi|Kote Sangi district]] (place of arrest) </gallery> == Materials in Wikisource project == * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:One day in Afghan prison|"One day in Afghan prison"]]'' == Literature == * Pinchuk, Viktor (in [[Russian language|ru]]) ''"[[Hobo tourism/Afghan prisoner|Afghan prisoner]]"''. — Simferopol: Brovko, 2017. — 144 p. — ISBN 978-5-9909912-3-1 {{bookcat}} [[Category:Survival practice in extreme conditions]] 6n1hyavngciplj38g788vc7i1417yak Hobo tourism/African Robbery 0 448620 4442410 4106355 2024-10-24T22:20:01Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442410 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Holyday of wandering mzungu (cover of book).jpg|thumb|250px|Street crime victim on the cover of book]] [[File: Remmogo Victim Support Sentre.jpg|thumb|440px|Reference from the Remmogo victim support center ]] '''{{Rfd}}African robbery''' is an incident that happened to Viktor Pinchuk on the last day of a [[Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's solo expedition to Africa (2017/18)|six-month expedition]], a few hours before returning to homeland. On 19 April 2018, around 10:00 am, shortly before fly from [[w:O. R. Tambo International Airport|O. R. Tambo International Airport]], a Russian traveler was attacked by a criminal group. The intruders acted in a coordinated and fast manner. One of the three attackers, with a sharp grip from the back by mechanical action on the [[w:Carotid sinus|carotid sinus]] of the corresponding artery in 2-3 seconds, caused the victim to become unconscious. After that, the two accomplices, lightning withdrawing the camera from under the jacket, and from the upper (accessible) pockets a small amount of money, disappeared with the leader. The action took place on the main street of Johannesburg — [[w:Commissioner Street (Johannesburg)|Commissioner Street]], near the [[w:Carlton Carlton Centre|Center skyscraper]], in front of numerous passers-by. == General information == * Location: Johannesburg (South Africa). * Date: 19. 04. 2018, approx. 10:00 a.m. * Geographical coordinates: 26°12'18.3031"S, 28°2'44.9689"E * Number of attackers: 3 (three). * Losses: footage, camera, a small amount of money. == Analysis of the situation == Why did the above happen on the last day of the trip, and not at any of the others, when potential subject of attention criminals would daily walk at the dark on foot to the outskirts of Johannesburg, where he lived, renting two square meters on the floor? Apparently, the reason is that the traveler, ten minutes before the attack, visited two exchange offices, trying to get rid the rest of the unnecessary [[w:South African rand|rands]] already. The robbers watched the actions of the "ward"; after leaving the exchang point, when the alleged victim, turning to the facade of the building, shifted money into the upper pocket, they decided to attack: it was from this pocket that the contents were taken away, while the others remained intact. == Sinister "prophecy" == On April 12, 2018, exactly one week before the incident, when addressing about [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the police station|overnight staying in the police station]] of the small village of [[w:Leroro|Leroro]], traveler was placed in the Remmogo victim support center, which as if have predetermined subsequent events. == Recommendations for those planning to visit South Africa == Johannesburg and Pretoria pose the greatest danger to any traveller with white skin. Should be careful when you’re here. * You can not go through the streets with a backpack, especially the big ones — it will give you a visitor, and therefore - having money. * It is desirable to look like a hobo or a homeless, focusing on this image. * The money should be divided into two parts, leaving the necessary daily supply at hand, and the rest — to hide as far away as possible. * Small towns are not dangerous, you can feel relatively safe here. == Materials in Wikisource project == * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:African style robbery| "African style robbery"]]'' == Literature == * Pinchuk, Viktor (in [[Russian language|ru]]) ''"[[Hobo tourism/Holiday of wandering mzungu|Holiday of wandering mzungu]]"''. — Simferopol: Btovko, 2018. — 180 p. — ISBN 978-5-9909912-4-8 == External links == [https://www.google.com/maps/@-26.2050842,28.0458247,3a,75y,345.99h,97.28t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sXzskqEgHnfk2NMPxVfCk3g!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en The scene of the accident on google maps] {{bookcat}} [[Category:Survival practice in extreme conditions]] 78oko12zo53psvp0k5cxh3z5u7bhnnr Hobo tourism/Tropical fever in the bum tour (an example from practice) 0 448624 4442411 4106356 2024-10-24T22:20:07Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442411 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Abandoned building (inside).jpg|thumb|240px|Place of residence of the Russian traveler during the disease of dengue ([[w:Kuala Lumpur|Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia)]] '''{{Rfd}}Tropical fever in long-term travel format bum tour''' — a possible turn of events, which can not be excluded when visiting the countries of the equatorial climate belt. The use of repellents and mosquito nets will reduce the risk of disease, but will not protect the user by 100%. An organized tourist, in the event of illness, can take advantage of health insurance and stock of money; a practitioner of non-standard methods will be in a more difficult position. The following material illustrates, on a case basis, what is awaits of an hobo traveller infected with [[w:Dengue fever|dengue fever]]. On December 26, 2012, Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, who arrived around midnight at the airport of [[w:Kota Kinabalu|Kota Kinabalu]], within two hours of walking reached the city center; after walking a few more kilometres, he [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Under the open sky|settled for the night in a suburban area covered with tropical forest]]. The bite of an infected mosquito was not initially seen. The first signs of deterioration came upon return to Western Malaysia, where he [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In an abandoned building|lived in the ruins of one of the five dilapidated 16-story buildings]]. The appeal to the state hospital cost a foreigner 15 [[w:Malaysian ringgit|ringgit]] (locals pay 1 ringgit), and the visit to a private doctor — [[w:United States dollar|$]]50. There was more use for the former, while the private specialist only misled about difficulty of making an accurate diagnosis, trying to identify the patient to the hospital, which would have cost a lot. == General information == * Location of infection: Kota-Kinabalu, Sabah State (Malaysia). * Date: night from 26. 12. to 27. 12. 2012. * Place of contact with medical institutions: Kuala Lumpur, capital of Malaysia. * Period of disease termination: 26. 01. 2012. * Negative: a loss of time and some funds. == Gallery == At [[w:Kuala Lumpur Hospital|Kuala Lumpur Hospital]]: <gallery widths="260px" heights="260px" class="center"> File:Kuala Lumpur Hospital (1).jpg|Registry File:Kuala Lumpur Hospital (2).jpg|Primary examination of patients in the lobby File:Queue in Kuala Lumpur Hospital.jpg|Waiting for a specialist File:Kuala Lumpur Hospital (3).jpg |Dispensing medicines </gallery> == Materials in Wikisource project == * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:ru:Медицина по-малазийски (Пинчук)| "Медицина по-малазийски"]]'' (in [[Russian language|ru]]) == Literature == * Pinchuk, Viktor (in [[Russian language|ru]]) ''"[[Hobo tourism/Six months by islands... and countries|Six months by islands... and countries]]"''. — Simferopol: Btovko, 2016. — 216 p. — ISBN 978-978-5-9908234-0-2 {{bookcat}} [[Category:Survival practice in extreme conditions]] 1y5bs8n14gx87jpqqvvbq7nha8wgysv Hobo tourism/First creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa 0 448632 4442412 4314880 2024-10-24T22:20:17Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442412 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Russian traveller Viktor Pinchuk (in Africa).jpg|thumb|400px|In the city of [[w:Sodo|Sodo]]]] [[File: Cairo — Addis Ababa — Cairo (air ticket).jpg|thumb|400px|[[w:Ethiopian Airlines|Ethiopian Airlines]] Ticket]] [[File: Referral (document).jpg|thumb|400px|Letter of introduction to the Ethiopian Consulate ]] {{Rfd}} '''The first creative trip to Africa''' is a project of the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk. The route included part of Ethiopia and lasted two weeks. The main objective is to photograph the peoples of Africa, who have preserved the customs and traditions of their ancestors, for a personal photo exhibition. == General information == * Duration: 14 days. * Period: 9.04. 2006 - 22. 04. 2006. * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk. * Number of participants: 1 (one). * Starting point: Addis Ababa. * Transit through: Moscow. * Number of countries visited: 2 (two). * Way to hit: plane. * Modes of transport: land transport, pedestrian routes. * Nature of the journey: creative trip. * Purpose: to collect material about exotic tribes. * Format: hobo tour. == Places visited == * Ethiopia: Addis Ababa, Sodo, Arba Mynch, Conso (transit), Briley (transit), Jinka, Bishoftu. * Egypt: Cairo, Nawa, Dahshur, Saqqara, Faiyum. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/First_trip_to_Africa_by_Viktor_Pinchuk.jpg '''Мap of the route'''] == The methods used == In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used: * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the flophouse (dosshouse)|In low-budget locations designed to accommodate the African poor]]. == Outcomes and results == Author’s articles in periodicals ([[w:Russian language|in Russian]]): * «Эфиопия глазами путешественника» — Crimea. ru: newspaper. — 15.08.2007. — № 56 (163); * «Почему эфиопы не любят фотографов, или Цена эфиопской души» — South Capital: newspaper. — 23.05.2008. — № 20 (853); * «Симферополь — Аддис-Абеба» — The evening city: newspaper. — 06. 07. 2007. — № 47 (66); * «Один день в египетской деревне» — Crimean Observer: newspaper. — 19.02.2008. — № 7 (237); * «Пирамиды за колючей проволокой» — Crimean Observer: newspaper. — 9.09.2008. — № 36 (266); * «Дебре-Зэйт — посёлок у семи озёр» — Crimean time: newspaper. — 18.09.2008. — № 101 (2633); * «Эфиоп и Я» — ProX: magazine. — 2007 — № 7 (10); * «Мечта об Африке, или девять дней в Эфиопии» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 4. 10. 2007. — № 31 (760); * «Пешком через пустыню» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 25. 03. 2010. — № 11 (872); * «Незнакомый Египет» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 13. 05. 2010. — № 17 (878). * Personal photo exhibition "Ethiopia through the eyes of the traveler" took place in October 2006; venue — House of Artist ([[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]). == Gallery == <gallery widths="280px" heights="280px" class="center"> File:Angry woman (Ethiopia).jpg|Angry<br> Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) File:Dilapidated dwelling.jpg|Dwelling <br>Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) File:Midday lunch.jpg|The meal<br>Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) File:From the field.jpg|Returning from the field<br> Nawa village (Egypt) File:In an Egyptian village.jpg|"Dishwasher"<br>Nawa village (Egypt) </gallery> == Links == Newspaper articles ([[w:Russian language|in Russian]]): * {{cite web |author = Viktor Pinchuk|url = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ru/3/3f/Эфиопия_глазами_путешественника.jpg|title = Ethiopia through the eyes of the traveler — Crimea. ru: newspaper. — 15.08.2007. — № 56 (163)|lang = ru|website =upload.wikimedia.org |date = |accessdate = April 22, 2023}} * {{cite web |author = Viktor Pinchuk|url = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ru/8/8e/Симферополь-Аддис-Абеба.jpg|title= Simferopol — Addis Ababa — The evening city: newspaper. — 06. 07. 2007. — № 47 (66)|lang = ru|website =upload.wikimedia.org|date = |accessdate = April 22, 2023}} * {{cite web |author = Alexey Vasiliev|url = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ru/b/b7/Голые_с_автоматами.jpg|title = Naked with machine guns — Crimean time: newspaper. — 2.11.2006. — №123 (2361)|lang = ru|website =upload.wikimedia.org |date = |accessdate = April 22, 2023}} {{commons|Category:Materials of the "First African trip" by Viktor Pinchuk}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Africa, the first creative trip}}</noinclude> [[Category:Expeditions of Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] ldz8md7qup91qpkls6llj77aphkqkxx Hobo tourism/Creative trip to India 0 448635 4442413 4321024 2024-10-24T22:20:24Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File:Against the background of the Buddha.jpg|thumb|300px|Minute rest]] [[File: Направление НСХУ (в Индию).jpg|thumb|300px|Letter of introduction to the Indian Consulate]] '''Creative trip to India''' — a project of the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, where the main purpose was to hold a personal photo exhibition about the country visited upon return. == General information == * Duration: 14 days. * Period: 14.11. 2006 — 28. 11. 2006 * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk. * Number of participants: 1 (one). * Starting point: Delhi. * Transit through: Moscow. * Number of countries visited: 1 (one). * Way to get: plane. * Ways to move: trains, [[w:Auto rickshaw|auto rickshaws]], pedestrian routes. * Nature of the journey: creative trip. * Purpose: collection of material for the forthcoming photo exhibition and newspaper publications. * Format: hobo tour (simplified version). == Places visited == * Delhi, Agra, Jaipur, Ajmer, Vadodara, Surat, Margao, Mumbai, Bandra. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Creative_trip_to_India_of_Russian_traveler_Viktor_Pinchuk.jpg '''Мap of the route'''] == Outcomes and results == Author’s articles in periodicals ([[w:Russian language|in Russian]]): * «Индия. Страница из путевого дневника» — South Capital: newspaper. — 26.10.2007. — № 43 (824); * «Боги на любой вкус» — Simfi: newspaper. — 4. 03.2008. — № 8 (59); * «Кто такой Хануман?» — Crimean Observer: newspaper. — 25.03.2008. — № 12 (242); * «Индия даром» — Crimean time: newspaper. — 29.03.2007. — № 35 (2421); * «Бог един… в 200 лицах» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 5. 08. 2010. — № 27 (888). * Personal photo exhibition «Roads of India» took place in October 2006; venue — House of Artist ([[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]) <ref>{{cite web |author =|url = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ru/5/50/Крымское_Время_№_35_%282421%29_от_29._03._2007.jpg|title =Presentation of the exhibition (postscript to the article) — Crimean time: newspaper. — 29.03.2007. — № 35 (2421)|lang = ru |website = wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ru|date = |accessdate = April 22, 2023}}</ref>. * In 2020 the brochure "[[Hobo tourism/Indian dreams|Indian dreams]]" was published <ref>{{cite book|last= Pinchuk|first= Viktor |author-link= |date= |title= Indian dreams|url= |language= ru|location= Russia |publisher= Brovko|page= 40|isbn=978-5-9909912-6-2}}</ref>. == The methods used == In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used: * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the flophouse (dosshouse)|In low-budget locations designed to accommodate the native poor]]. == Gallery == <gallery widths="280px" heights="280px"> File:4 Sadhu.jpg|Four [[w:Sadhu|Saints]] ([[w:Дели|Дели]]) File:Trash neighborhood kids.jpg|Street children ([[w:Bandra|Bandra]]) File:Hostel in Surat (Photo from book).jpg|Hostel ([[w:Surat|Surat]]) </gallery> == Materials in Wikisource project == * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:God is One… in 200 Persons| "God is One… in 200 Persons"]]'' {{commons|Category:Materials of the "Creative trip to India" by Viktor Pinchuk}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: India, creative trip }}</noinclude> [[Category:Expeditions of Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] ma1fcdo7vk4acgfwd6m6bu6gk9jg1ca Hobo tourism/Creative trip to Mongolia 0 448644 4442414 4314876 2024-10-24T22:20:30Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File:On the outskirts of Mörön.jpg|thumb|380px|On the outskirts of [[w:Mörön|Mörön]]]] '''Creative trip to Mongolia''' — project of the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk. This trip is a practical example of [[w:Cultural travel|cultural travel]]: displacement around the country was carried out on the traditional transport for local residents (minibuses, are filled with the capacity, where the aisle is cluttered with parcels); the traveller ate — only those meals, what aboriginals use; he lived — [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the flophouse (dosshouse)|in budget accommodation]] facilities designed for the poor and [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|at home of local residents]] — due to an accidental acquaintance. == General information == * Duration: 14 days. * Period: 11.05. 2007 — 25. 05. 2007 * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk. * Number of participants: 1 (one). * Starting point: Ulaanbaatar. * Transit through: Moscow. * Number of countries visited: 1 (one). * Way to get: plane. * Ways to move: land transport, pedestrian routes. * Nature of the journey: creative trip, [[w:Cultural travel|cultural travel]]. * Purpose: collection of material for printed articles, books, and photo exhibitions; study of features [[w:Mongolian language|Mongolian language]]. * Attractions: nature, historical places. * Food: traditional meals. * Format: hobo tour (simplified version). == Places visited == * Ulaanbaatar, Mörön, Khatgal, [[w:Khövsgöl|Khatgal]], [[w:Ölziit, Övörkhangai|Ölziit]], Kharkhorin, Arvaikheer, Bayankhongor, Zuunmod. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Creative_trip_to_Mongolia_of_Russian_traveler_Viktor_Pinchuk.jpg '''Мap of the route'''] == The methods used == In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used: * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|In Aboriginal dwellings]] (Kharkhorin) * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the flophouse (dosshouse)|In low-cost hotels]] (Ulaanbaatar, Mörön, Ölziit, Arvaikheer, Bayankhongor) * In the [[w:Yurt|yurt]] (Khatgal) == Outcomes and results == Author’s articles in periodicals ([[w:Russian language|in Russian]]): * «В Монголии почти как в Сибири» — Peninsula: newspaper. — 12.10.2007. — № 40 (244); * «Монгольский хуйвалдагч (passage from travel notes)» — Crimean time: newspaper. — 11.10.2007. — № 113 (2499); * «Путешествие на родину Чингисхана» — Crimean Observer: newspaper. — 16.10.2007. — № 42 (220); * «Забытая нами страна» — Southern Capital: newspaper. — 16.10.2007. — № 48 (822); * «Хуйтэн по-монгольски» — ProX: magazine. — 2008 — №1 (14); * «Хороша страна Монголия» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 11. 03. 2010. — № 9 (870); * «Там, где правил Чингисхан» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 15. 04. 2010. — № 13 (874); * «Прощание с Монголией» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 3. 06. 2010. — № 20 (881). * Personal photo exhibition "14 days in Mongolia" was held in the exhibition hall of the Russian Cultural Center ([[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]) from 10 to 31 October 2007 <ref>{{cite web |author = A. Armashevskaya|url =https://web.archive.org/web/20211217112222/http://ruscultura.info/cms/index.php?go=Pages&in=view&id=40|title = Mongolian Stories — Russian Cultural Center (news)|lang = ru|website = ruscultura.info|date = |accessdate = April 22, 2023}}</ref>. * In 2017, the book [[Hobo tourism/Mongolian huyvaldagch|"Mongolian huyvaldagch"]] was published, which describes the route of the trip and the adventures of the author <ref>{{cite book|last= Pinchuk|first= Viktor |author-link= |date= 2017|title= Mongolian huyvaldagch|url= |language= ru|location= Russia |publisher= Brovko|page= 40|isbn=978-5-9909912-1-7}}</ref>. == Gallery == Illustrations from [[Hobo tourism/Mongolian huyvaldagch|the book]] <gallery widths="270px" heights="270px" class="center"> File: Cart (Mörön, Mongolia).jpg|Light carriage(Mörön) File:Ovoo (oboo).jpg |[[w:Ovoo|Ovoo]] (Bayankhongor) File:Street on the outskirts (Ulaanbaatar).jpg|Street on the outskirts (Ulaanbaatar) File:The owner of the yurt.jpg|Master of the yurt (Kharkhorin) File:Lake Khövsgöl.jpg|Lake [[w:Lake Khövsgöl|Khövsgöl]] </gallery> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{bookcat}} {{commonscat|Materials of the "Creative trip to Mongolia" by Viktor Pinchuk}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Mongolia, creative trip}}</noinclude> [[Category:Expeditions of Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] m0z35chv9ubffgsy4k3577nzg5mhnn1 Hobo tourism/Second creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa 0 448664 4442415 4322305 2024-10-24T22:20:38Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File:Visiting the pygmies.jpg|thumb|400px|upright|Visiting Pygmies (Uganda)]] [[File:Letter of recommendation from National Union of Artists.jpg|thumb|300px|Letter of Recommendation from the Artists' Union]] '''The second creative trip to Africa''' — a project of the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk.<br> The route included two countries, Kenya and Uganda, and lasted a month. Main objective: to visit the habitats of the peoples of Africa who have preserved their ancestral customs and traditions. == General information == * Duration: 1 month. * Period: 4.11. 2007 — 10. 12. 2007 * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk. * Number of participants: 1 (one). * Starting point: Nairobi * Transit through: Kyiv. * Number of countries visited: 2 (two). * Way to get: plane. * Ways to move: land transport, pedestrian routes. * Nature of the journey: creative trip. * Purpose: to collect material about lost tribes. * Format: hobo tour. == Places visited == * Uganda: Kampala, Fort Portal, Bundibugyo, Pygmy Village, Kagadi, Hoima (transit), Masindi (transit), Kigumba (transit), Nakasongola, Lira, Kiru, Kotido (Karamoja sub-region). * Kenya: Nairobi, Isiolo, Marsabit, Loyangalani, Maralal (transit), Nyahururu (transit), Mombasa. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Second_trip_to_Africa_by_Viktor_Pinchuk.jpg '''Мap of the route'''] == The methods applied == In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used: * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the flophouse (dosshouse)|In low-budget locations designed to accommodate the African poor]]. * Moving from Isiolo to Marsabit had to sleep on plastic bottles of water in a dark van filled (over the goods) by Aboriginals; and the Marsabit-Loyangalani sectionroute has been completed on another truck transporting bags of cement, where find a «sleeping place» was not easy for reason overcrowding (many passengers). == Outcomes and results == Written and published in the press more than 20 articles ([[w:Russian language|in Russian]]): * «В гостях у пигмеев» — Crimean Observer: newspaper. — 29.04.2008. — № 17 (247); * «Много ли пулемётов в деревнях Кении?» — Crimean Observer: newspaper. — 25.05.2008. — № 20 (250); * «Что я делал в Момбасе?» — Crimean Observer: newspaper. — 16.09.2008. — № 37 (267); * «А вы бывали на озере Кьога... в Уганде?» — South Capital: newspaper. — 20.06.2008. — № 24 (857); * «Что такое МОСАРЕТУ, а также о комфорте по-африкански» — South Capital: newspaper. — 19.09.2008. — № 37 (870); * «Медаль за отвагу» — ProX: magazine — 2008 — №1 (1); * Зловонная «экзотика» дальних дорог — Crimean time: newspaper. — 3.04.2008. — № 36 (2568); * Зачем пигмею противогаз? — Crimean time: newspaper. — 8.05.2008. — № 49 (2581); * В поисках загадочных карамоджас — Crimean time: newspaper. — 22.05.2008. — № 54 (2586); * Груша-Африка — Crimean time: newspaper. — 29.05.2008. — № 57 (2589); * В жёлтой жаркой Африке не видать идиллии... — Crimean time: newspaper. — 17.07.2008. — № 75 (2607); * Дед Масай и масайцы — Crimean time: newspaper.— 31.07.2008. — № 81 (2613); * В поисках затерянных племён — Crimean time: newspaper. — 16.10.2014. — № 41 (3396); * Подарок вождю — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 22. 10. 2009. — № 36 (852); * Угандийскими тропами — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 12. 11. 2009. — № 39 (855); * Акуна матата — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 10. 12. 2009. — № 42 (858); * Джамбо, Кения! — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 4. 11. 2010. — № 38 (899); * Кения-2: приключения продолжаются — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 25. 11. 2010. — № 41 (902); * Кения-3: фотомодели у хижин — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 14. 12. 2010. — № 43 (904); * Кения-4: калейдоскоп событий — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 23. 12. 2010. — № 44 (905); * Кения-5: пора домой! — Republic of Crimea: newspaper.— 13. 01. 2011. — № 1 (907); * Проблемы водоснабжения в Африке — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 24. 03. 2011. — № 8 (914). In addition: * The opening of the photo exhibition «Uganda: Tribes and Civilization» took place in June 2008; the venue is the House of Artist ([[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]). * The exhibition "Tribes of Kenya" was held in the [[w: ru:Центральный музей Тавриды|Central Museum of Tavrida]], four years later. * Two issues in the series of TV stories of the author’s project [[Hobo tourism/Around the world with empty pockets|"Around the World with Empty Pockets"]] were based on the materials of trip to Kenya and Uganda. == Gallery == <gallery widths="280px" heights="280px" class="center"> File:Pygmy peoples (batwa).jpg|Batwa/pygmies people (Uganda) File:El molo( эль-моло).jpg|El Molo people (Kenya) File:Samburu (самбуру).jpg|Samburu people (Kenya) File:Rendille (рендилле).jpg|Rendille people (Kenya) File:Turkana (туркана).jpg|Turkana people (Kenya) </gallery> == Materials in Wikisource project == * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:In search of the Lost Tribes| "In search of the Lost Tribes"]]'' {{commons|Category: Materials of the " Second African trip" by Viktor Pinchuk}} == Links ([[w:Russian language|in ru]]) == * [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ru/8/89/Крымская_правда_№_112_%2824455%29_от_21_06._2008.jpg L. Obukhovskaya "Face to face with pygmies" — Crimean Truth: newspaper. — 21.06.2008. — № 112 (24455)] * [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ru/3/3b/Экспресс-газета_№_6_%28679%29%2C_февраль_2008.jpg M. Samokhin "Pinchuk is lucky that he was not eaten" — Express newspaper: newspaper. — febr.2008. — № 6 (679)] {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Africa, second creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk}}</noinclude> [[Category:Expeditions of Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] omd64b3ham6so40lduvkus8yf6q9t8a Hobo tourism/Afghan Expedition of Viktor Pinchuk 0 448759 4442416 4314874 2024-10-24T22:20:44Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File:Путешественник Виктор Пинчук (Кабул, Афганистан).jpg|thumb|390px|upright|In Kabul, [[w:Koht-e Sangi|Kote-Sangi]], 17. 10. 2008]] [[File:Рекомендательное письмо (консульству Ирана).jpg|thumb|350px|Recommendation letter for Crimean photoartist from the [[w:National Union of Artists of Ukraine|National Union of Artists of Ukraine]] for obtaining a visa of Iran]] '''The Afghan expedition''' — conditional name of the project of the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk; the route included seven Asian countries, where the visit to Afghanistan was the dominant. == General information == * Duration: 2 months. * Period: 25.09. 2008 — 25. 11. 2008 * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk. * Number of participants: 1 (one). * Starting point: [[w:Samarkand|Samarkand]] * Number of countries visited: 7 (seven). * Way to get: plane. * Ways to move: air transport, land transport, pedestrian routes. * Nature of the journey: collect material, photography. * Purpose: information about Asian countries, prepare press material and a new book. * Format: [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|hobo tour]]. == Visited places == * Uzbekistan: Samarkand, Bukhara, Termez (transit). * Afghanistan: Hairatan (transit), Mazar-i-Sharif, Ariyona, Kabul, Bamyan, Chardi (transit). * Iran: Mashhad, Tehran, Kashan, Isfahan, Shiraz, Yazd, Hamadan, Kermanshah, Tabriz, [[w:Bazargan, Iran|Bazargan]] (transit). * Syria: Aleppo, Darat Azza, Homs, Safita, Tartus, [[w:Palmyra (modern)|Tadmor]] ([[w:Palmyra|Palmyra]]), Damascus. * Turkey: Urfa (transit), Gaziantep (transit), Antakya, Istanbul. * Jordan: Amman, [[w:Wadi Musa|Wadi Musa]] ([[w:Petra|Pétra]]), Jerash (city and ruins of the same name), Aqaba. * Georgia: Tbilisi, Poti (transit). [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Viktor_Pinchuk%27s_Afghan_expedition.jpg '''Мap of the route'''] == The methods applied == In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used: * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the flophouse (dosshouse)|In low-budget locations designed to accommodate local poor]]: in Samarkand and Bukhara (railway-station rest rooms); in Iran and Syria (multiple times); in Istanbul, Amman, Aqaba, Tbilisi; in [[w: ru:Мехмунсарай|mehmunsarai]] (Afghanistan). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|At the house of local people]]: in a small village of Ariyona on the outskirts of Mazar-i-Sharif (Afghanistan). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Under the open sky|Under the open sky]]: in the Syrian town of Safita on a hill using a corrugated sheet of cardboard (former package of refrigerator). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Hostels|In the hostel]]: Yazd (Iran). * At the unknown facility belonging to the police: in the border town of Hairatan (Afghanistan). * On the floor of the office, provided to random street acquaintances: in Isfahan (Iran). == Outcomes and results == Written and published in the press 25 articles ([[w:Russian language|in Russian]]): * «Один день в Афганской тюрьме» — Crimean time: newspaper. — 11.12.2008. — № 137 (2669); * «По дорогам Сирии» — 19.02.2009. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 17 (2694); * «Узбегим дурдонаси» — 5.03.2009. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 23 (2700); * «Бродяга в Хашимитском королевстве» — 9.04.2009. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 38 (2715); * «Седьмая страна, или грузинский ночлег» — 30.04.2009. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 46 (2723); * «Ни слова по-турецки!» — 4.06.2009. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 59 (2736); * «Страна сэндвичей» — 18.06.2009. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 64 (2741); * «Эхо афганской войны» — 3.09.2009. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 95 (2772); * «В городе пальм» — 1.10.2009. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 103 (2780); * «Незабываемая Петра» — 5.11.2009. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 113 (2790); * «Три койко-дня в Грузии» — 24.12.2009. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 27 (2804); * «Посылка из Кабула» — 4.02.2010. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 9 (2814); * «Немного "секса" для дехкан» — 24.06.2010. — Crimean time: newspaper. — № 44 (2849); * «Афганский пленник» (ч. 1) — Magazine PROX: журнал. —2009 — №1 (21); * «Афганский пленник» (ч. 2) — Мagazine PROX: magazine. — 2010 — №1 (23); * «Такую Сирию турфирмы вам не покажут» — Мagazine PROX: magazine. — 2010 — №2 (24). * «Сон афганского узника» — 6. 08. 2009. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 27 (843); * «С рюкзаком по Сирии» — 10. 09. 2009. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 32 (848); * «Гульгула» в Бамиане» — 8. 10. 2009. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 34 (850); * «Ман тахи дастам…» — 21. 01. 2010. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 2 (863); * «Грузинский транзит» — 26. 08. 2010. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 29 (890); * «На пути к Али-Шадр» — 7. 10. 2010. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 34 (895); * «Исфахан и дырявый карман» — 20. 01. 2011. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 2 (908); * «Джераш — "королевство" в королевстве» — 2. 06. 2011. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 17 (923); * «Мечети Самарканда» — 23. 06. 2011. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 19 (925). * In 2018 the book [[Hobo tourism/Afghan prisoner|"Afghan prisoner"]] was published, which describes the route and adventures of the expedition participant. * One issue in the series of TV stories [[Hobo tourism/Around the world with empty pockets|"Around the world with empty pockets"]] (with the assistance of the [[w: ru:Крым (телерадиокомпания)|Crimean TV and Radio Company]]) was dedicated to the Afghan expedition of the Russian traveler. == Problems, difficult moments == * Living in one of the many mehmunsarai of the poorest district of Kote Sangi, located on the outskirts of Kabul, on October 15, 2012, at about 19:00 local time, was detained by police at a checkpoint and [[Hobo tourism/One day in an Afghan prison|sent to prison]] until the circumstances. * In a tiny settlement of the poor, located among the mountains outside the resort town of Aqaba (Jordan), local teenagers, for the purpose of entertainment, tried to arrange a kind of [[w:Stoning|lapidation]] for the Russian traveler. Having hit a stone in the head, the attackers fled; the victim was assisted by one of the local people. == Gallery == <gallery widths="280px" heights="280px" class="center"> File:Бамиан , поселение в низине.jpg|Bamyan, low-lying settlement File:Бамиан , руины.jpg|Bamyan, ruins File:Бамиан, дехканин.jpg|Bamyan, [[w:Dehkan farm|dehkan man]] File:Бамиан, полиция.jpg|Bamyan, local police File:Бамиан.jpg|Bamyan, view from hill </gallery> == Materials in Wikisource project == * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:One day in Afghan prison| "One day in Afghan prison"]]'' * [[s: ru:Бродяга в Хашимитском Королевстве (Пинчук)| ''Виктор Пинчук'' — Бродяга в Хашимитском королевстве]] ([[w:Russian language|in ru]]) * [[s: ru:Эхо афганской войны (Пинчук)| ''Виктор Пинчук'' — Эхо афганской войны]] ([[w:Russian language|in ru]]) * [[s: ru:Немного «секса» для дехкан (Пинчук)| ''Виктор Пинчук'' — Немного «секса» для дехкан]] ([[w:Russian language|in ru]]) {{commonscat|Materials of the "Afghan Expedition" by Viktor Pinchuk}} == Literature == * Pinchuk, Viktor (in [[Russian language|ru]]) ''"[[Hobo tourism/Afghan prisoner|Afghan prisoner]]"''. — Simferopol: Brovko, 2017. — 144 p. — ISBN 978-5-9909912-3-1 {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Afghan Expedition of Viktor Pinchuk}}</noinclude> [[Category:Expeditions of Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] 5txed67li6zr71vkz6siivgbtb7vh0y Hobo tourism/Third creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa 0 448768 4442432 4314878 2024-10-24T22:22:46Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Russian traveller Viktor Pinchuk (Khartum, Sudan).jpg|thumb|400px|upright|Russian traveller Viktor Pinchuk in Khartum, Sudan]] '''The third creative trip to Africa''' — a project of the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk. The three-month route, included six African countries, not without [[Hobo tourism/Visiting Death|adventure]]... == General information == * Duration: 3 months. * Period: 3.12. 2010 — 7. 03. 2011 * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk. * Number of participants: 1 (one). * Starting point: [[w:Cairo|Cairo]] * Transit through: Moscow. * Number of countries visited: 6 (six). * Way to get: plane. * Ways to move: air transport, land transport, water transport, pedestrian routes. * Nature of the journey: creative trip. * Objects of interest: ethnic tribes, ancient architecture, natural attractions. * Purpose: collecting material about the countries and peoples of Africa, preparing a photo exhibition. * Format: standard [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|hobo tour]]. == Places visited == * Egypt: Cairo, Luxor, Aswan, Alexandria. * Sudan: Wadi Halfa, Dongola, Meroë, Atbara, Khartoum, El-Obeid. * Zambia: Nakonde (Tanzania border), Lusaka, Mongu, Lialui, Katoya, Livingstone, Sesheke (Namibia border), Mpulungu (port). * Burundi: Bujumbura, Muyinga. * Namibia: Katima Mulilo (border of Zambia), Oshakati, Oshikango, Opuwo, Epupa, Windhoek, Grünau. * Tanzania: Dar es Salaam, Tunduma (Zambia border), Arusha, Moshi, Marangu, Dodoma, Kwa Mtoro, tiny village of [[w:Barabaig people|Barabeig people]]. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Third_trip_to_Africa_by_Viktor_Pinchuk.jpg '''Мap of the route'''] == The methods applied == In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used: * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/On objects under construction|On objects under construction]]: in Cairo (Egypt), near ruins of [[w:Kerma|Kerma]] and in Khartoum (Sudan). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the police station|At the police station]]: Lusaka (Zambia), Windhoek (Namibia) * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|In the territory of local residents]]: in Opuwo (Namibia), near Epupa Falls. * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Under the open sky|Under the open sky]]: near Epupa Falls, on the porch of the building of the central street in Oshakati (Namibia). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the flophouse (dosshouse)|In places for the accommodation for the local poor]]: in all the countries listed. * In the cabin of the bus leaving in the morning: Nakonde (border of Tanzania and Zambia), Dodoma (Tanzania). * In a small booth (or shed), where two local guards also slept on the trash floor: Katima Mulilo (Namibia). * In a stone building without a facade wall: at the entrance to the Fish River Canyon (Namibia). == Outcomes and results == '''Author’s articles published in periodicals:''' ([[w:Russian language|in Russian]]): * «Дорога в Судан» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 7. 04. 2011. — № 10 (916); * «Сияха в Судане» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 21. 04. 2011. — № 12 (918); * «Судан – 3: автостопом по стране» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 12. 05. 2011. — № 14 (920); * «Судан – 4: прохладный уют пирамиды» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. —2 6. 05. 2011. — № 16 (922); * «Судан – 5: околовизовые мытарства» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 9. 06. 2011. — № 18 (924); * «Судан – 6: беспробудное занудство» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 17. 11. 2011. — № 22 (928); * «Судан – 7: предвыездные мытарства» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 24. 11. 2011. — № 23 (929); * «Третья афровылазка продолжается» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. —23. 02. 2012. — № 7 (940); * «Вперёд, в африканские дебри!» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 25. 10. 2012. — № 33 (966); * «Что было дальше?» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 8. 11. 2012. — № 34 (967); * «Седьмое чудо света» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 15. 11. 2012. — № 35 (968); * «Намибия. Первое знакомство» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 6. 12. 2012. — № 37 (970); * «В гостях у смерти или Эпатажный фотохудожник и его Африка» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 17. 01. 2013. — № 1 (973); * «Робинзон нелепого «круиза» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 24. 01. 2013. — № 2 (974); * «Мой адрес — не дом и не улица…» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 31. 01. 2013. — № 3 (975); * «В каньоне "рыбной" реки» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 7. 02. 2013. — № 4 (976); * «Через Замбию в Бурунди» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 14. 02. 2013. — № 5 (977); * «Две страны за двое суток» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 21. 02. 2013. — № 6 (978); * «Снег на экваторе» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 7. 03. 2013. — № 7 (979); * «Всё имеет свойство заканчиваться…» — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 14. 03. 2013. — № 8 (980). * «Африканский водопад оставил меня без штанов и чуть не убил» — Republic: newspaper. — 22.05.2014. — № 18 (153). '''In addition:''' * In 2018, the book [[Hobo tourism/Third African trip|"Third African trip"]] was published, which describes the route of the trip and the adventures of the author. * In September 2012, the traveler organized a personal photo exhibition "[[Basics of fine-art photography/Egypt and Egyptians III|Egypt and Egyptians III]]" (third on the topic of Egypt); the opening took place in the exhibition hall of the Russian Cultural Center ([[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]) * Exhibition [[Basics of fine-art photography/Hitchhiking across Sudan|"Hitchhiking in the Sudan"]], held in July 2014, introduced visitors to the Simferopol History Museum with the author’s photographic works depicting the state of Africa rarely visited by foreigners. * Two issues in the series of author’s TV project [[Hobo tourism/Around the world with empty pockets|"Around the world with empty pockets"]] (with the assistance of the [[w: ru:Крым (телерадиокомпания)|Crimea TV and Radio company]]) were dedicated to Egypt and Zambia (see section. "links"). == Problems, difficult moments == * The first day of stay in Africa was marked by an injury that was received while descending the stairs of a house under construction, where the night was spent.<ref>{{cite book|last= Pinchuk|first= Viktor |author-link= |date= |title= Third African trip|url= |language= ru|location= Russia |publisher= Simferopol: Phoenix Enterprise|page= 3|isbn=978-617-671-039-4}}</ref> * Moving hitchhiking to southern Sudan, [[w:Kaduqli|Kaduqli town]], on 25 December 2010, on the eve of [[w:2011 South Sudanese independence referendum|political events]], was detained by local State security authorities and deported to the capital.<ref>{{cite book|last= Pinchuk|first= Viktor |author-link= |date= |title= Third African trip|url= |language= ru|location= Russia |publisher= Simferopol: Phoenix Enterprise|page= 18-19|isbn=978-617-671-039-4}}</ref> * A bag of personal belongings left in the custody of the owner of a night-shelter in Cairo disappeared upon the return of traveller. The owner of "apartments" tried to shift the blame on unknown intruders who entered the premises during the [[w:2011 Egyptian revolution|unrest in the country]] related to the change of power.<ref>{{cite book|last= Pinchuk|first= Viktor |author-link= |date= |title= Third African trip|url= |language= ru|location= Russia |publisher= Simferopol: Phoenix Enterprise|page= 54-55|isbn=978-617-671-039-4}}</ref> == Gallery (fhoto & video) == <gallery widths="280px" heights="280px" class="center"> File:Hotel in Sudan.webm|Open air flophouse, Atbara (Sudan) File:Nubian pyramids.jpg|Pyramids of Meroë (Sudan) File:In the wilds of Namibia.jpg|People of bush (Namibia) File:Barabaig people.jpg|[[w:Barabaig people|Barabaig people]] (Tanzania) File:Epupa falls & Cunene River.webm|Epupa Falls and Kunene River (Namibia) </gallery> == Materials in Wikisource project == * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:Visiting Death| "Visiting Death"]]'' * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:Ridiculous "cruise" of Robinson| "Ridiculous "cruise" of Robinson"]]'' * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:In search of the Lost Tribes|"In search of the Lost Tribes"]]'' == Links == TV stories in conversation format — prepared with the assistance of the [[w: ru:Крым (телерадиокомпания)|Crimea TV and Radio company]] (in ru): * {{cite web |author = Crimea (TV and Radio company)|url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbwjpU3zkHQ|title =Egypt without pyramids (10. 11. 2014) |lang = ru|website = youtube.com |date = |accessdate = April 22, 2023}} * {{cite web |author = Crimea (TV and Radio company)|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9b143Ckx8A|title = Zambia (24. 11. 2014)|lang = ru|website = youtube.com |date = |accessdate = April 22, 2023}} {{commons|Category:Materials of the "Third African trip" by Viktor Pinchuk}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Africa, third creative trip}}</noinclude> [[Category:Expeditions of Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] gzwrapggan8vbga8kx0dd7g3m1urgqy Hobo tourism/Bum tour of winter Japan 0 448808 4442417 4314881 2024-10-24T22:20:51Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Ночлег в холле студенческого общежития (Киото).webm|thumbtime=13|thumb|380px|Overnight in the lobby of the student dormitory in [[w:Kyoto|Kyoto]]]] '''Bum tour of winter Japan''' — a project of the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, conceived and implemented spontaneously. == General information == * Duration: 2 weeks. * Period: 15.01. 2012 — 29. 01. 2012 * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk. * Number of participants: 1 (one). * Starting point: [[w:Tokyo|Tokyo]] * Transit through: Kyiv. * Number of Islands visited: 3 (three). * Way to get: plane. * Ways to move: railway transport, bus, pedestrian routes. * Method: kiseru. * Nature of the journey: creative trip. * Objects of interest: temples. * Purpose: collection of material for the book, articles and photo exhibition. * Format: [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|bum tour]], winter hard option. == Places visited == * Islands: Honshu, Shikoku, Enoshima. * Cities & villages: Narita (airport), Hakuba, [[w:Ōboke Station|Oboke]], Okayama, Osaka, Kyoto, Nara, Kamakura, Tokyo. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Japanese_route_of_Russian_traveler_Viktor_Pinchuk.jpg '''Мap of the route'''] == The methods applied == In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used: * In the station hall (Hakuba, Oboke). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|In a rented apartment of Japanese TV journalist]], due to a spontaneous midnight acquaintance (Okayama) * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In halls and stairwells|In halls and stairwells]] (Osaka, Kyoto, Nara, Tokyo) * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the cemetery|At the cemetery]] (Kamakura) * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the police station|At the Police station]] (Tokyo) == Outcomes and results == Written and published in the press ([[w:Russian language|in Russian]]): * Япония для нищих — 15. 03. 2012. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 8 (941); * «Гуманоид» в гостях у самураев — 22. 03. 2012. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 9 (942); * Продолжение бомжеключений — 23. 03. 2012. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 10 (943); * Ватащи-ва бимбо хито дэсу — 5. 04. 2012. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 11 (944); * Сказки и быль о Японии — 12. 04. 2012. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 12 (945); * Двадцатая страна — 24. 04. 2012. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 13 (946); * Заметки «японского» бомжа — 24. 05. 2012. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 15 (948); * Остров размером с деревню — 7. 06. 2012. — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — № 16 (949); * Вот и всё: вокзал и аэропорт… — Republic of Crimea: newspaper. — 7. 06. 2012. — № 17 (950); * Вечерний город Токио — Evening city: newspaper. — 14.08.2012. — № 50 (585). * On October 7, 2013 in the [[w: ru:Центральный музей Тавриды|Central Museum of Tavrida]] ([[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]) the opening of personal photo exhibition [[Basics of fine-art photography/January in Japan|"January in Japan"]] was held, where 45 works were presented. * One issue in the series of TV stories of the author’s project [[Hobo tourism/Around the world with empty pockets|"Around the world with empty pockets"]] was dedicated to the "Japanese" trip of the Russian traveler. == Gallery== Illustrations from the book [[Hobo tourism/Japan for free|"Japan for Free"]] <gallery widths="300px" heights="300px" class=""> File:Cemetery in Kamakura.jpg |Overnight in the cemetery (Kamakura) File:Local train (Japan).jpg |Local train (the cheapest tickets) File:Mitarashi dango (Japan).jpg|[[w:Mitarashi dango|Mitarashi dango]] — national dish. File:Homeless man from Tokyo.jpg|Japanese "colleague" of the Russian traveler </gallery> == Articles in Wikisource mentioning this trip == * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:Notes of an international tramp| "Notes of an international tramp"]]'' * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:In bullpen – voluntarily|"In bullpen – voluntarily"]]'' == Literature == * Pinchuk, Viktor (in [[Russian language|ru]]) ''"[[Hobo tourism/Japan for free|Japan for free]]"''. — Simferopol: Btovko, 2013. — 31 p. — ISBN 978-5-9908234-1-9 {{commonscat|Materials of the " Japanese trip" by Viktor Pinchuk}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Japan, bum tour}}</noinclude> [[Category:Expeditions of Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] rglyf8xv1k42au7kl7qoud3p00ffyeg Hobo tourism/Latin American expedition of Viktor Pinchuk 0 448828 4442418 4320706 2024-10-24T22:20:57Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Modern vagrant.jpg|thumb|380px|Five minutes to rest ([[w:Sucre|Sucre]], Bolivia)]] [[File: Ночлег под открытым небом (г. Асунсьон).jpg|thumb|380px|Accommodation in [[w:Asunción|Asunción]] (Paraguay)]] '''The solo expedition to Latin America''' is a project of Viktor Pinchuk, one of the longest routes of the Russian traveler — by time and length. == General information == * Duration: 6,5 months. * Period: 24.11. 2014 — 10. 06. 2015 * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk. * Number of participants: 1 (one). * Transit through: Istanbul. * Starting point: São Paulo (Brazil). * Number of countries visited: 12 (twelve), including 5 Islands. * Way to get: plane. * Ways to move: air transport, land transport, water transport, pedestrian routes. * Nature of the journey: creative trip. * Purpose: to collect material about the countries of Latin America and traditions of the local population. * Format: lengthy [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|hobo tour, bum tour]]. == Places visited == * '''Brazil.''' Localities: São Paulo, Foz do Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis, Apiaí. * '''Paraguay.''' Localities: Ciudad del Este, Encarnación, [[w:La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná|La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná]] (ruins), San Rafael del Paraná, Villarrica, Ibiqui, La Colmena, Paraguari, Asunción. * '''Argentina.''' Localities: Puerto Iguazú, Buenos Aires, Puerto Madryn, Puerto Pirámides (Valdes Peninsula), Río Gallegos, El Calafate, El Chaltén, [[w:Perito Moreno, Santa Cruz|Perito Moreno]], Caleta Olivia, San Carlos de Bariloche, San Juan, Salta, Cafayate, Cachi, La Quiaca (Bolivian border). * '''Bolivia.''' Localities: Villazón, Tupiza, Serrillos, Barancas, Uyuni, Sucre, La Paz, Copacabana. * '''Peru.''' Localities: Puno, Arequipa (transit), Cabanaconde, Pinchollo, Chivay, Yanque, Cusco, Ollantaytambo, Urubamba, Santa Teresa (transit), [[w:Aguascalientes City|Aguascalientes]], Lima, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Tumbes. * '''Ecuador.''' Localities: Cuenca, Riobamba, [[w:Baños de Agua Santa|Baños]], [[w:Puyo, Pastaza|Puyo]], Tena, Colonia Los Rios, Gareno, Pompeya, Nucles & Cunku (tiny villages), [[w:Puerto Francisco de Orellana|El Coca]], Ambato, Latacunga, Machachi (transit), Quito, [[w:Otavalo (city)|Otavalo]], Mindo. * '''Mexico.''' Localities: Mexico City, Amecameca, Tepoztlán, Chihuahua, San Rafael, Estación Creel (transit), Monterrey, El Sercado, Oaxaca, Tustla Gutiérrez, Palenque, Ocosingo, Frontera Corozal, Mérida (transit), Valladolid, Ekʼ Balam. * '''Guatemala.''' Localities: Tecnica, [[w:Flores, Petén|Flores]], Santa Elena, Sayaxché, Cobán, Guatemala City (capital), Antigua Guatemala, Panajachel, Santiago Atitlán, Chichicastenango. * '''El Salvador.''' Localities Santa Ana, El Congo, San Salvador, Santa Tecla, Mercedes-Umaña, [[w:El Triunfo (El Salvador)|El Triunfo]], San Miguel, El Cuco. * '''Nicaragua.''' (& Ometepe Island). Localities Managua, Granada, León, San Jorge, Moyogalpa. * '''Panama''' (and islands: Colón, Bastimentos). Localities: Panama City (capital), Colón, Portobelo, El Valle de Antón, [[w:David, Chiriquí|David]], Boquete, [[w:Almirante, Bocas del Toro|Almirante]], Bocas del Toro (capital of Colón Island). * '''Cuba.''' Localities: Havana, Pinar del Río, Viñales, Santiago de Cuba, [[w:Siboney, Cuba|Ciboney]], Guantánamo, Bayamo, Barraba, Las Minas, Trinidad, Cabaiguán (transit), Santa Clara, Varadero, Matanzas. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Latin_American_expedition_of_Russian_traveler_Viktor_Pinchuk.jpg '''Мap of the route'''] == The methods applied == In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used: * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|In the houses of local people]] — in the village of San Rafael del Paraná (Paraguay), in the village of Barraba (Cuba). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Hostels|At the hostels]] — in Brazil and Argentina (many times), Peru (Machu Picchu). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In halls and stairwells|In the halls and lobbies]] — in Encarnación (Paraguay), Havana and Guantánamo (Cuba). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Under the open sky|Under the open sky]] — in Paraguay and Cuba (many times), Argentina, Bastimentos Island (Panama). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/On objects under construction|In a building that is not yet complete]] — in Ciudad del Este and Asuncion (Paraguay), in the border town of [[w:La Quiaca|La Quiaca]] (Argentina), on the island of Colón (Panama). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the flophouse (dosshouse)|In low-cost accommodation]] — in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama. * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In an abandoned building|In abandoned, dilapidated houses]] — in Perito Moreno (Argentina), Cibonei near Santiago de Cuba (Cuba). * At train stations — in Havana (waiting room), Pinar del Rio (on the street near the entrance), [[w:Santa Clara, Cuba|Santa Clara]] (on the platform). * In international airport terminals: in São Paulo (Brazil), Managua (Nicaragua). * On the historical object "Batería de Santiago" — [[w:in Portobelo, Colón|Portobelo]] (Panama). * On the landing of the exterior staircase leading to the second-floor door — in El Valle de Antón, Panama. == Outcomes and results == * In 2016, the book [[Hobo tourism/Two hundred days in Latin America|"Two hundred days in Latin America"]] was published, which details the route and adventures of the author. * Three TV stories from the cycle [[Hobo tourism/Around the world with empty pockets|"Around the world with empty pockets"]] (author’s project with the assistance of [[w: ru:Крым (телерадиокомпания)|Crimea TV and Radio company]]) were dedicated to Latin American Expedition of Viktor Pinchuk. * Information on little known natural objects in Latin America has been added to the Russian Wikipedia (over 20 articles) and illustrated with author's photos uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. == Problems, difficult moments == * On arrival in Havana with $1 in cash, it turned out that bank cards of international standard are not functioning here. == Quote from the [[Hobo tourism/Two hundred days in Latin America|book]] == <blockquote> ''On the street, some unknown guy asked: "I'm from Honduras, give me money." — "And I'm Russian, you give me... it will be better ." — was my answer.'' </blockquote> == Gallery == <gallery widths="750px" heights="180px" class="center"> File:Ciudad del Encanto (6).jpg|Ciudad del Encanto, Bolivia File:Лагуна-Колорада, Боливия (Laguna Colorada, Bolivia).jpg|Laguna Colorada, Bolivia </gallery> == Links == * {{cite web |author = |url = https://www.rgo.ru/ru/article/lekciya-latinskaya-amerika-12-stran|title = Report on the traveler’s performance on the website of the Russian Geographical Society (in ru)|lang = ru|website = rgo.ru |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} * {{cite web |author = |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_efue6adcdM |title = A TV spot reviewing a trip that included 12 Latin American countries 29. 06. 2015 (in ru)|lang = ru|website = youtube.com |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} {{commonscat|Materials of the "Latin American expedition" by Viktor Pinchuk}} == Literature == * Pinchuk, Viktor (in [[Russian language|ru]]) ''"[[Hobo tourism/Two hundred days in Latin America|Two hundred days in Latin Americar]]"''. — Simferopol: Brovko, 2017. — 210 p. — ISBN 978-5-9909912-0-0 {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT:Latin American expedition of Viktor Pinchuk}}</noinclude> [[Category:Expeditions of Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] q5vi9p2hnzy4ymeux3ly04zbawy4ig0 Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's solo expedition to Africa (2017/18) 0 448849 4442419 4314879 2024-10-24T22:21:02Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File:Visa of Comoros.jpg|thumb|400px|upright|Comoros visa]] '''Viktor Pinchuk’s solo expedition to Africa (2017-18)''' is a project of a Russian traveler, the most problematic of the trips, which began with deportation by the authorities of the [[w:Microstate|microstate]] and ended in a robbery, which occurred a few hours before returning home. The route included 10 countries and 11 islands. == General information == * Duration: 6 months. * Period: 5.11. 2017 — 21. 04. 2018 * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk. * Number of participants: 1 (one). * Starting point: [[w:Port Louis|Port Louis]]. * Transit: Moscow, Dubai. * Number of countries visited: ten (including 11 Islands). * Way to get: plane. * Ways to move: air transport, land transport, water transport, pedestrian routes. * Nature of the journey: creative trip with extreme elements. * Objects of interest: rarely visited by foreigners places of the planet. * Purpose: collecting material on the countries and peoples of Africa. * Format: lengthy a high-complexity [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|hobo tour]]. == Places visited == * '''Mauritius''' (the main island and [[w:Île aux Cerfs|Cerf]]). Localities: Port Louis, Quatre Bornes, Tamarin, Curepipe, Calodyne, Cap Malheureux, Surinam, [[w:Souillac, Mauritius|Souillac]], Grand-Baie, Rivière du Rempart, Belle Mare, Vieux Grand Port, Mahébourg, L'Escalie, Souillac. * '''Madagascar.''' Localities: [[w:Ivato International Airport|Iwato]], Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Ramena, Joffreville, Fianarantsoa, Ambohimahasoa (transit), Antsirabe, Talata (small village in the Lake Andraikiba area), Ambohinapetraka, Morondava, Ankilizato, Marofototra. * '''Comoros''' (islands: Grande Comore, Anjouan, Mohéli). Localities: Moroni, Mutsamudu, [[w:Lingoni|Lingoni]], [[w:Koni-Djodjo|Koni-Djodjo]], Domoni, [[w:Bambao Mtrouni|Bambao Mtrouni]], [[w:Djoièzi|Djoièzi]], Mbini, Itsamia, Fomboni, Hoani, Shindini, Ivoini, Tsidjé. * '''Tanzania''' (islands: Zanzibar, Changuu). Localities: Stone Town (capital of Zanzibar), [[w:Kizimkazi|Kitsimkazi-Mtendeni]], [[w:Chwaka|Chwaka]], [[w:Nungwi|Nangwi]], Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Kilambo (mozambican border). * '''Mozambique''' (islands: [[w:Island of Mozambique|Mozambique]], [[w:Bazaruto Island|Bazaruto]], [[w:Benguerra Island|Benguerra]]). Localities: Namoto (border point), Mocímboa da Praia, Nampula, Monapo, Stone Town (main town of Mozambique Island), Gorongosa, Inhassoro, Vilankulo, Maxixe, Inhambane, Maputo, Chicualacuala (Zimbabwe border). * '''Zimbabwe.''' Localities: Sango, Masvingo, Ngundu, Muzikawanu (tiny village), Harare, Karoi, Marongora, Bulawayo, Robert Sinyoka, [[w:Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe|Victoria Falls]], Kazungula border. * '''Botswana.''' Settlements: Kasane, Maun, Nokaneng, Qangwa, Xai-Xai (tiny village), Ghanzi, Trail Blazers (ethno village), Tsabong, Bokspits, Middlepits, Gaborone. * '''South Africa.''' Settlements: Johannesburg, Cape Town, George, Plettenberg Bay, Oudshoorn, Kimberley, Bloemfontein, Sani Pass (border), Underberg, Pietermaritzburg, Estcourt, Ladysmith (transit), Phuthaditjhaba (QwaQwa), Clarens, Dundee, Vryheid (transit), Pongola, Onverwacht (Swaziland border), [[w:Mbombela|Nelspruit]] (Mbombela), Bushbuckridge (transit), Grascope, Leroro, [[w:Lydenburg|Lydenburg]] (Mashishing), [[w:Witbank|Witbank]] (Emalahleni), Pretoria. * '''Lesotho.''' Localities: Maseru, Ha Phallang), Semonkong, Ha Moahloli, Matebeng, Mokhotlong (transit). * '''[[w:Eswatini|Swaziland]].''' Localities: Nsalitje (border), Hluti (transit), Nhlangano, Manzini, Ezulwini, Mbabane, Ngwenya, Piggs Peak, Matsamo border. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Fourth_trip_to_Africa_by_Viktor_Pinchuk.jpg '''Мap of the route'''] == The methods applied == In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used: * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/On objects under construction|On the property under construction]]: in a three-storey unfinished building, Quatre Bornes (Mauritius). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In an abandoned building|In abandoned dwelling]]: near Souillac village (Mauritius). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the company of homeless people|In the company of native bums]]: in the port of Mutsamudu on Anjouan Island (Comoros). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the police station|At the police station]]: in Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland (many times). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|In Aboriginal dwellings]]: on the dirt floor in a 2x2m student's den (Moroni, Grande Comore); in a small one-storey house where more than 10 people slept on floors and beds (Botswana); near the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (Botswana); in Phuthaditjhaba (South Africa); in a decrepit hut at the entrance to the Kruger National Park (South Africa). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Under the open sky|Under the open sky]]: on a hillside in Port Louis (Mauritius), on the roof of historic ruins near Pointe du Diable (Mauritius), in the forest near the Mare Aux Joncs falls (Mauritius); in the company of drivers near the island of Mozambique, on the oceanfront of Benguerra Island (Mozambique). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the flophouse (dosshouse)|In accommodation for the indigenous poor]]: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Antsirabe, Morondawa (Madagascar); Zanzibar, Dar es Salaam, Mtwara (Tanzania); Mosimboa da Praia, Gorongosa, Inassoro (Mozambique); Harare, Karoi, Bulawayo (Zimbabwe) * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Hostels|In hostels]]: In Masvingo, Victoria Falls (Zimbabwe); in Cape Town (South Africa). * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In a public toilet|In public toilets]]: in the washroom corridor of the Oudshoorn police station (South Africa), at the Sani Pass border post. * In a seated position when travelling by minibus: in Madagascar (many times). * On the concrete floor of the international airport terminal: Iwato (Madagascar). * On the staircase of a travel agency: in Grand-Baie, Mauritius. * On the metal deck of the ship Noora, which has not left port for several days due to stormy weather: in Moroni, Grande Comore Island. * Under the awning on the doorstep of a tiny shop: Bazaruto Island. * On the bus station platform: in Maputo (Mozambique). * On the concrete floor in a rented non-closed room: Maputo (Mozambique). * On the floor of an empty room in the company of passengers bound for Zimbabwe: Chicualacuala (Mozambique). * On the floor of a small school: in the village of Xai-Xai (Botswana). * On the concrete floor of a tiny room designed for the staff of a petrol station near [[w:Paul Sauer Bridge|Paul Sauer Bridge]], South Africa. * At the Remmogo victim support center: Leroro village, South Africa. == Outcomes and results == * In 2018, the book [[Hobo tourism/Holiday of wandering mzungu|"Holiday of wandering mzungu"]] was published, detailing the route of the expedition and all the misadventures of the sole participant. == Problems, difficult moments == * On 7 November 2017, Russian traveller was detained at Seychelles international airport and deported to Moscow three days later as an illegal immigrant under the pretext of not having a hotel reservation. * On 25 December 2017, a passenger arriving for check-in at Iwato International Airport, Madagascar, was denied boarding on an Antananarivo — Moroni flight; the reason was that the ticket was not confirmed. * On January 2, 2018, while near the village of Djoièzi on Moheli Island, was cut off from the road leading back by a sudden rising tide, having a camera with footage of the entire period, money and documents. * On January 7, 2019, after some days of stormy weather on Moheli Island, ventured out to sail with two brave men; the helmsman, all the road prayed to Allah, while the dark-skinned passenger was silent. == Materials in Wikisource project == * Viktor Pinchuk ''[[s:Translation:African style robbery| "African style robbery"]]'' {{commonscat|Materials of the "Afghan Expedition" by Viktor Pinchuk}} == Literature == * Pinchuk, Viktor (in [[Russian language|ru]]) ''"[[Hobo tourism/Holiday of wandering mzungu|Holiday of wandering mzungu]]"''. — Simferopol: Btovko, 2018. — 180 p. — ISBN 978-5-9909912-4-8 {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Africa (2017/18)}}</noinclude> [[Category:Expeditions of Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] icvsc4yhhcra6s8ud8k71hnq47rw870 Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's expedition to the Islands of Oceania 0 448888 4442420 4314873 2024-10-24T22:21:08Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File:Russian traveller Viktor Pinchuk (Pentecost Island).jpg|thumb|380px|Visiting the villager Ranvas on the [[w:Pentecost Island|Pentecost Island]] (photo from the book [[Hobo tourism/Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars|"Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars"]])]] [[File:Port Vila — Pentecost , ticket.jpg|thumb|370px|Ticket for the ship "MV Princess Marie", heading (via [[w:Epi (island)|Epi]] and [[w:Ambrym|Ambrim]]) to the [[w:Pentecost Island|island of Pentecost]] and further on the route]] [[File:MV Princess Marie, on the board.webm|thumbtime=16|thumb|370px|Aboard ''MV Princess Marie'']] [[File:Arrival to the Pentecost island.webm|thumbtime=02|thumb|370px|Arrival on the island of Pentecost (5:14 a.m./ 28. 01. 2019)]] [[File:Road to Bunlap Village via Ranwas.webm|thumbtime=06|thumb|370px|Road to [[w:Bunlap|Bunlap]] via Ranwas (Pentecost Island)]] '''The expedition to the islands of Oceania''' is a project of the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, where the goal was to explore places rarely visited by travelers. The most notable part of the route is the ethnic village of Bunlap on the Pentecost Island, inhabited by aboriginal people who have retained ancestral traditions. == General information == * Duration: 2,5 months. * Period: 15. 12. 2018 — 09. 03. 2019. * Idea: Viktor Pinchuk. * Number of participants: 1 (one). * Transit through: [[w:Irkutsk|Irkutsk]]. * Starting point: Incheon International Airport (Seoul, South Korea). * Number of countries visited: 8 (eight), including 20 Islands. * Way to get: plane. * Ways to move: air transport, land transport, water transport, pedestrian routes. * Nature of the journey: creative trip. * Purpose: to learn about the Aboriginal way of life, preparing material for a book * Format: standard [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|hobo tour, bum tour]]. == Places visited == * '''South Korea''' (Korean Peninsula, islands: [[w:Ganghwa Island|Ganghwado]], Seongmodo, [[w:Yeongdo District|Yeong-do]], Jodo). Localities: Seoul, Suwon, Sokcho, Busan. * '''Taiwan.''' Localities: Taipei, Hualien City, Fangliao, Hengchun. * '''Philippines''' (islands: Cebu, Palawan, Luzon, Cadlao, Miniloc). Localities: Mandaue, Liloan, Cebu City, Badian, Puerto Princesa, El Nido, Angeles, Vigan, Tagudin, Baguio, Kabayan, Manila. * '''Singapore '''(main island, Sentosa Island). * '''Fiji''' (Viti Levu Island). Localities: Nadi, Lautoka. * '''Vanuatu''' (islands: Efate, Pentecost). Localities: Port Vila, [[w:Pango, Vanuatu|Pango]], Saama, Bayhemu, Ranwas, Ratap, Bunlap, Wali. * '''Tonga''' (islands: Tongatapu, ʻEua). Localities: Nuku'alofa,'Ohonua, Lapaha. * '''Samoa''' (islands: Upolu, Savaiʻi, Manono). Localities: Apia, Lotofaga, Vaisala, Falealupo, Vaipua, Taga, Palauli, Gautavai, Satupaitea. [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Viktor_Pinchuk%27s_expedition_to_the_islands_of_Oceania.jpg '''Мap of the route'''] == The methods applied == In the process of moving along the route the following accommodation options were used: * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Hostels|In hostels]] — in South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa. * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the cemetery|At the cemetery]] — near Fangliao, Taiwan. * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|In Aboriginal dwellings]] — in Ranwas village and a detached hut between Beimu and Wali on Pentecost Island, Vanuatu. * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Under the open sky|On the coast of the ocean, in jungle thickets]] — in El Nido on Palawan and Badian on Cebu (Philippines); on Eua; in Vaisala village on Savaii (Samoa), * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/On objects under construction|On objects under construction]] — in Vigan & Baguio (Philippines) * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the flophouse (dosshouse)|In low-cost accommodation]] — in the Philippines. * [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In an abandoned building|In abandoned buildings]] — in Port Vila (Vanuatu), on the island of ʻEua (Tonga). * In a one-and-a-half-metre security booth at the entrance to airport of of Puerto Princesa (Philippines). * On the floor of a railway terminal in Hualien City, Taiwan. * On the floor of seaport terminal, Savaiʻi Island (Samoa). * In the lounges of international airports: [[w:Nadi International Airport|Nadi]] (Fiji) and [[w:Faleolo International Airport|Faleolo]] (Samoa). == Outcomes and results == — Collected visual historical and geographical information: * about the oldest mound in Polynesia, [[w:Pulemelei Mound|Pulemelei]], discovered by archaeologists on the island of Savaiʻi in Samoa; * about the ancient burials on the island of Tongatapu (Tonga), called terraced tombs; * about the [[w:Dolmen|dolmens]] on Ganghwa Island (South Korea); * about hanging coffins and caves of mummies in the Philippines. — A number of articles have been prepared for the Russian Wikipedia illustrated by the author’s photographs, including on the little-known waterfalls of Oceania: * [[w:ru:Афу-Аау|Афу-Аау]] * [[w:ru:Сопоага (водопад)|Сопоага]] * [[w:ru:Фуипизия|Фуипизия]] * [[w:ru:Тогитогига|Тогитогига]] * [[w:ru:Папапапаи-Таи|Папапапаи-Таи]] * [[w:ru:Му-Пагоа|Му-Пагоа]] * [[w:ru:Папасееа-Слайдин-Рок|Папасееа-Слайдин-Рок]] * [[w:ru:Меле (водопад)|Меле]] — Based on the materials of the trip written the book [[Hobo tourism/Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars|"Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars"]]. == Problems, difficult moments == An unforeseen circumstance — deportation by the Fiji authorities with a two-week sentence "under house arrest" — prevented the continuation of the route and completion of the intended. == Quotes == <blockquote> ''"Good place for a overnight staying", — I thought, looking at one of the graves — a crypt with a high stone fence. It is interesting that the photos of the deceased and the dates of their lives are missing. Otherwise, the portrait of the deceased, on whose grave I spent the night, having materialized into an image, could appear in a dream.''<ref>{{cite book|last= Pinchuk|first= Viktor |author-link= |date= |title= Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars|url= |language= ru|location= Russia |publisher= Brovko|page= 18|isbn=978-5-9909912-5-5}}</ref> </blockquote> <blockquote> Passing the vegetable gardens stretched along the highway, after a few kilometers I noticed a comfortable wasteland and, like a partisan, disappeared into the bushes. «The main thing is not to rain at night», - thought, pulling out sleeping gear. The inhabitants of the small house were busy celebrating the coming New Year two hundred meters from my sleeping place but noisy cries reached me in a muffled state.<ref>{{cite book|last= Pinchuk|first= Viktor |author-link= |date= |title= Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars|url= |language= ru|location= Russia |publisher= Brovko|page= 23|isbn=978-5-9909912-5-5}}</ref> </blockquote> == Different information== Moving in transit through Irkutsk (from where the solo expedition was taken), the traveler gave lectures in two libraries of the northern city.<ref>{{cite web |author =|url = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ru/f/fd/Симферополец_в_Иркутске.jpg|title =Native of Simferopol in Irkutsk: cultural mission — Southern Capital: newspaper. — 6.08.2021. — № 30 (1502)|lang = ru |website = wikimedia.org/wikibooks/ru|date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}}</ref> == Gallery == Illustrations from the book [[Hobo tourism/Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars|"Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars"]] <gallery widths="270px" heights="270px" class="center"> File:Cemetery in Fangliao.jpg|[[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the cemetery|Overnight location — cemetery]] near Fangliao, Taiwan. File:Bangao Mummy Cave (2).jpg|Bangao Mummy Cave on the island of Luzon, Philippines. File:Bunlap (3).jpg|An overseas novelty. Bunlap village, Pentecost, Vanuatu. File:Bunlap (4).jpg|Woman from Bunlap village. Pentecost, <br>Vanuatu. File:Suite for a tramp (ʻEua-island, Tonga).jpg|Isn’t this a hotel? An abandoned gatehouse in the jungle on ʻEua Island, Tonga. </gallery> {{commonscat|Materials of the "Expedition to Oceania" by Viktor Pinchuk}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Oceania, Viktor Pinchuk's expedition}}</noinclude> [[Category:Expeditions of Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] 1fcmbdp3jf46yg4tn7w1gtcvvzqgm1m Hobo tourism/Third African trip 0 448917 4442431 4289181 2024-10-24T22:22:38Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Himba on the cover of book.jpg|thumb|260px|Edition cover]] '''Third African trip''' ([[w:Russian language|ru.]] ''Третья афровылазка'') — the first literary work of the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, who traveled several continents, practicing the methods of hobo tourism. The work in the travel essay genre describes the author’s [[Hobo tourism/Third creative trip of Viktor Pinchuk to Africa|third African journey]], which included six countries where the priority was to visit Sudan. The book details the itinerary of the trip and all the related details: ways of travel, street cuisine, the accommodation options used — [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/On objects under construction|on construction sites]], [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Under the open sky|in the open air]], [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|at the Aboriginals]], and the first-tried method of [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the police station|sleeping in the police station]]. Some thriller touches are added to the book by the [[Hobo tourism/Visiting Death|narrator's unexpected getting into uninhabited territory]] following an unsuccessful attempt to swim across the river at the lower reaches of the Epupa Falls. == General information == * Year of publication: 2013. * Number of pages: 56. * Illustrations: the author. * Color of illustrations: black and white. * Language of publication: Russian. * Genre: journalism, travel essays, road adventures. * Topics: country studies. * Continents: Africa. * Style: artistic publicism. * Designed: for a wide range of readers. * Where published: [[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]. * Additional data: ISBN 978-617-671-039-4. == Quote == <blockquote> ''On December 3, 2010, from the Nativity of Christ, with a small camping backpack behind my back, I left the house, running away from the routine of pale gray days, which look like twins in a morgue. In the backpack — a monthly supply of oatmeal, a metal bowl and a mug, in the passport — not a single visa, in the head — dreams, ideas and a vague future.'' </blockquote> == Gallery == <gallery widths="280px" heights="280px" class="center"> File:Excursion.jpg|Excursion ([[w:Meroë|Meroë]], Sudan) File:Himba woman (Namibia).jpg|Female [[w:Himba people|Himba]] (Opuwo, Namibia) File:Limulunga.jpg|Gifts from a Russian guest ([[w:Limulunga|Limulunga]], Zambia) File:Epupa — falling water.jpg|Epupa Falls and Kunene River (Namibia) File:Gonimbrasia belina (гусеницы).jpg|[[w:Gonimbrasia belina|African delicacy]] (Nakonde, Zambia) </gallery> {{commons|Category:Photos from the book «Third african traveling» (Третья афровылазка)‎}} == Links == * {{cite web|url=https://mkult.rk.gov.ru/ru/article/show/618|title=Book Presentation at the Pushkin Library (Simferopol)|publisher=Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Crimea|lang = ru |website = mkult.rk.gov.ru |date = |accessdate =April 23, 2023}} * {{cite web|url=http://catalog.odnb.odessa.ua/opac/index.php?url=/notices/index/IdNotice:274799/Source:default |title= Edition card on the website of the Odesa National Scientific Library|publisher=Odesa National Scientific Library|lang = uk |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Third African trip}}</noinclude> [[Category:Books by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] mdd18zqp5m4u1sl13taym819kmj4lcg Hobo tourism/Six months by islands... and countries 0 448920 4442421 4283054 2024-10-24T22:21:15Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Six months on the islands ... (cover of book).jpg|thumb|260px|Edition cover]] '''Six months by islands... and countries''' ([[w:Russian language|ru.]] ''Полгода по островам… и странам'') — a book by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, who traveled around several continents, practicing the methods of [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|hobo tourism]]. A literary work in the genre of travel essays describes [[Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's expedition to Papua New Guinea|the author's six-month solo expedition]] that included nine exotic countries: Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, China, Hong Kong, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. The dominant feature of the project was a visit to the provincial areas of PNG, where the Aborigines do not often see white people and where they met a Russian for the first time. [[Hobo tourism/Tropical fever in the bum tour (an example from practice)|An unexpected dengue fever]] contagion slightly disrupted plans, and [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the police station|overnight stays in police stations]], [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In an abandoned building|abandoned ruins]], [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Under the open sky|the open air]] and [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the company of homeless people|in the company of native homeless people]] are trifles for [[Hobo tourism/Subject|the experienced wanderer]]. == General information == * Year of publication: 2016. * Number of pages: 216. * Illustrations: the author. * Color of illustrations: black and white. * Language of publication: Russian. * Genre: journalism, travel essays, road adventures. * Topics: country studies. * Continents: Asia, Oceania. * Style: artistic publicism. * Designed: for a wide range of readers. * Where published: [[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]. * Additional data: ISBN 978-5-9908234-0-2. == Quote == <blockquote> ''Will share the secrets of my street sleepovers. If you get into an unfamiliar city, can stay anywhere, even on the central avenue under the walls of buildings, but on one condition: you need to deploy after midnight, and leave before six in the morning. At six, the first passerby may appear, probably suffering from insomnia, in half an hour there will be several of them, and closer to seven — a lot.'' </blockquote> == Gallery == <gallery widths="270px" heights="270px" class="center"> File:Russian traveller Viktor Pinchuk (Sumbava Island).jpg|A Russian traveller on the island of Sumbawa (Indonesia) File:В полицейском участке города Лаэ (Папуа-Новая Гвинея).jpg|At the police station, Lae <br>(Papua New Guinea) File:Apartments of the Russian traveler (Kuala Lumpur) (1).jpg|Author's apartments in Kuala Lumpur<br> (Malaysia) File:Yesterday they were barking.jpg|Just yesterday they were barking, Phnom Penh (Cambodia) File:Peering into the abyss.jpg|Looking into the abyss, Bolaven Plateau<br> (Laos) </gallery> == Links == {{commons|Category:Photos from the book «Six months by islands... and countries» (Полгода по островам... и странам)}} * {{cite web|url=http://simadm.ru/press/announces/303/|title=Book Presentation at the Pushkin Library (Simferopol)|publisher=Official website of the Simferopol City Administration|lang = ru |website = simadm.ru |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} * {{cite web|url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01008680967 |title=Edition card in the Russian State Library|publisher=search.rsl.ru|lang = ru |website = search.rsl.ru |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} [[Category:Books by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Six months by islands... and countries}}</noinclude> dax97ttogkyw7j0dobv9dt54dqqmukd Hobo tourism/Mongolian huyvaldagch 0 448927 4442422 4283056 2024-10-24T22:21:21Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Mongol conspirator (cover of book).jpg|thumb|260px|Edition cover]] '''Mongolian huyvaldagch''' ([[w:Russian language|ru.]] ''Монгольский хуйвалдагч'') is a book by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, who has traveled several continents, practicing [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|non-standard methods]]. The literary work in the genre of travel notes tells about the author’s two-week trip to Mongolia, which can be described as "[[Cultural travel]]": the goal of the project was to study the way of life and traditions not very clear to us, in the past powerful, cruel and merciless people, as well as some linguistic features of the Mongolian language. == General information == * Year of publication: 2017. * Number of pages: 40. * Illustrations: the author. * Color of illustrations: black and white. * Language of publication: Russian. * Genre: journalism, travel essays. * Topics: regional geography. * Continents: Asia. * Style: artistic publicism. * Designed: for a wide range of readers. * Where published: [[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]. * Additional data: ISBN 978-5-9909912-1-7. == Quote == <blockquote> ''As for the inhabitants of the once formidable empire, it is easy to learn a certain number of their words for the Russian-speaking, because in the Mongolian language, we often find a well-known word that at first slightly cuts the hearing. However, not so devile: in the homeland of Genghis Khan, the combination of three letters does not act as an obscenity, but as a root, forming a multitude of words for different purposes. One should not be surprised by such a phenomenon: because it is the invasions of the Mongol horde that have enriched" our speech with this vocabulary.'' </blockquote> == Gallery == <gallery widths="350px" heights="250px" class="center"> File: Cart (Mörön, Mongolia).jpg|The wagon (Mörön) File:Lake Khövsgöl.jpg|Lake Khövsgöl File:Erdene Zuu Monastery.jpg|[[w:Erdene Zuu Monastery|Erdene Zuu Monastery]] (Kharkhorin) File:Ovoo (oboo).jpg |[[w:Ovoo|Ovoo]] ([[w:Bayankhongor|Bayankhongor]]) </gallery> {{commons|Category:Photos from the book «Mongolian conspirator» (Монгольский хуйвалдагч)}} ==Links== * {{cite web|url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01008884032|title=Edition card in the Russian State Library|publisher=|lang = ru |website = search.rsl.ru |date = |accessdate =April 23, 2023}} * {{cite web|url=https://unis.shpl.ru/Pages/Search/BookInfo.aspx?Id=1287316|title=Edition card in the State Public Historical Library of Russia|publisher=|lang = ru |website = unis.shpl.ru|date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Mongolian huyvaldagch}}</noinclude> [[Category:Books by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] gklu99l3anxs9k9o6idzhu7vqup3xmo Hobo tourism/Two hundred days in Latin America 0 448944 4442423 4415281 2024-10-24T22:21:27Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Cañon del Inca ( cover of book).jpg|thumb|260px|Edition cover]] '''Two hundred days in Latin America''' ([[w:Russian language|ru.]]Двести дней в Латинской Америке) — a book by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, who traveled several continents, practicing methods of hobo tourism. Literary work, created in the travel memoirs genre, describes [[Hobo tourism/Latin American expedition of Viktor Pinchuk|the author’s longest solo expedition]], covering South, Central and North America, including 12 countries: Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama, Cuba. During the trip had [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Under the open sky|overnight in the open air]], twice [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|visit street acquaintances]]; [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys|the temporary accommodation options]] were spontaneous and unpredictable, as well as the whole route. Narrative depiction of historical, archaeological and natural objects is supplemented by a color illustration tab, allowing the reader to feel for a while conqueror of overseas latitudes. == General information == * Year of publication: 2017. * Number of pages: 210. * Illustrations: the author. * Color of illustrations: black and white. * Color tab: 20 pages (38 photos). * Language of publication: Russian. * Genre: journalism, travel essays, road adventures. * Topics: country studies. * Continents: South America, Central America, North America. * Style: artistic publicism. * Designed: for a wide range of readers. * Where published: [[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]. * Additional data: ISBN 978-5-9909912-0-0. == Quote == <blockquote> ''A stack of obsolete banknotes — to distract the robbers, a notebook with translations of the necessary phrases into Spanish, and some information about the first five countries to be visited — that’s all I brought with me. The round-trip ticket bought in advance did not give a chance to retreat, slightly frightening the duration of the expedition. Two hundred days of nomadic life... It’s like falling into an abyss that you can’t see the bottom.'' </blockquote> == Gallery == <gallery widths="270px" heights="270px" class="center"> File:200 days in latin america (book).jpg|Ciudad del Encanto, Bolivia File:Laguna de los Tres.jpg|Laguna de los Tres, Argentina File:Pyramid of the Magician.jpg|Pyramid of the Magician, [[w:Uxmal|Uxmal]], Mexico. File:Panama City, Casco Viejo.jpg|[[w:Casco Viejo|Casco Viejo]], Panama City. File:Santa Clara (Cuba).jpg|In [[w:Santa Clara, Cuba|Santa Clara]], Cuba. </gallery> {{commons|Category:Photos from the book «Two Hundred Days in Latin America» (Двести дней в Латинской Америке)‎}} == Links == * {{cite web|url=https://www.rgo.ru/ru/article/lekciya-latinskaya-amerika-12-stran|title=Lecture at the Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University, based on the book|publisher=rgo.ru|lang = ru |website = rgo.ru |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} * {{cite web|url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01008879837|title=Edition card in the Russian State Library|publisher=search.rsl.ru|lang = ru |website = search.rsl.ru |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Two hundred days in Latin America}}</noinclude> [[Category:Books by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] 1llweg3un27pgfqoyda1vhbeu19zwgs Hobo tourism/Afghan prisoner 0 448948 4442424 4415282 2024-10-24T22:21:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Afghan prisoner (cover of book).jpg|thumb|260px|Edition cover]] '''Afghan prisoner''' ([[w:Russian language|ru.]] Афганский арестант) is a book by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, who traveled to several continents, practicing the methods of [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|hobo tourism]]. The literary work in the travel memoirs genre describes the author’s [[Hobo tourism/Afghan Expedition of Viktor Pinchuk|Afghan expedition]], the route of which included seven Asian countries, where the priority was to visit Afghanistan. Temporary [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|residence in a Pashtun family]] — the result of a casual street acquaintance with a simple guy from Mazar-i-Sharif, allowed the creator of the work to get acquainted with the life and life of the local population (which is one of the components of the [[Cultural travel|cultural travel]]), and [[Hobo tourism/One day in an Afghan prison|being in a Kabul prison]] gives the story some action-packed. == General information == * Year of publication: 2018. * Number of pages: 144. * Illustrations: the author. * Color of illustrations: black and white. * Color tab: 20 pages (34 photos). * Language of publication: Russian. * Genre: journalism, travel essays, road adventures. * Topics: country studies, historical sciences, earth sciences. * Continents: Asia. * Style: artistic publicism. * Designed: for a wide range of readers. * Where published: [[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]. * Additional data: ISBN 978-5-9909912-3-1. == Quote == <blockquote> ''The cellmate, smiling, tried to talk. But I had no desire to start a conversation: lay down in the bunk and went into himself. It seemed like someone was about to come in — the bearded one who brought me here or the beardless one... the warden, and would say: "We were joking, you can go..." '' </blockquote> == Gallery == <gallery widths="270px" heights="270px" class="center"> File:Бамиан , поселение в низине.jpg|Small settlement (Bamyan) File:Sight (look).jpg|The look (Mazar-i-Sharif) File:Бамиан, дехканин.jpg|Dehkan man (Bamyan) File:Путешественник Виктор Пинчук (Кабул, Афганистан).jpg|Almost local (Kabul) File:Бамиан, полиция.jpg|The police (Bamyan) </gallery> ==Links== {{commons|Category:Photos from the book «Afghan prisoner» (Афганский арестант)}} * {{cite web|url=http://franco.crimealib.ru/novosti/prezentaciya-knigi-viktora-pinchuka-a.html|title=Presentation of the book in the Crimean Republican Universal Scientific Library named after I. Franco|publisher=franco.crimealib.ru|lang = ru |website = |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} * {{cite web|url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01009825632 |title=Edition card in the Russian State Library|publisher=search.rsl.ru|lang = ru |website = search.rsl.ru |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Afghan prisoner}}</noinclude> [[Category:Books by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] ifo15q7e58zsn5yk06jhnlnizghe08r Hobo tourism/Holiday of wandering mzungu 0 448953 4442425 4283059 2024-10-24T22:21:40Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Holyday of wandering mzungu (cover of book).jpg|thumb|260px|Edition cover]] '''Holiday of wandering mzung''' ([[w:Russian language|ru.]]Холидей бродячего мзунгу) is a book by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, who traveled several continents, practicing the methods of [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|hobo tourism]]. The travel essay describes [[Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's solo expedition to Africa (2017/18)|one of the author’s most difficult expeditions]], which included 10 African countries (Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland), including 11 islands. In addition to the "duty" misadventures evenly distributed throughout the route, the creator of the book was deported by the authorities of a tiny island state — at the beginning of the trip, and [[Hobo tourism/African Robbery|robbed by professional criminals]] of one of the most criminal cities on the African continent — at the end. The use of standard accommodation facilities of [[Hobo tourism/Subject|bum tourist]], such as [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In an abandoned building|ruins of buildings]], [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In the company of homeless people|habitats of homeless people]], [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/On objects under construction|frozen objects of construction]], this time supplemented the not often practiced, "exotic" methods — [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the police station|in police stations]] and [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In a public toilet|public toilets]]. == General information == * Year of publication: 2018. * Number of pages: 180. * Illustrations: the author. * Color of illustrations: black and white. * Language of publication: Russian. * Genre: journalism, travel essays, road adventures. * Topics: country studies, earth sciences. * Continents: Africa. * Style: artistic publicism. * Designed: for a wide range of readers. * Where published: [[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]. * Additional data: ISBN 978-5-9909912-4-8. == Quote == <blockquote> ''… Once, having collected a small backpack, overcoming the "barbed wire" of consciousness, I went out into the uncertainty; descended from the plane ramp to an strange, slightly frightening ground of equatorial Africa. How long has it been since... The first trip to the [[w:Africa|Black Continent]] lasted only two weeks. Then — more successful long-term attempts of "conquest" of the third world countries, which lasted from a month to three. And finally... the period of stay in the edge of palms trees has reached six months.'' </blockquote> == links == * {{cite web|url=http://franco.crimealib.ru/novosti/prezentaciya-knigi-viktora-pinchuka-kh-2.html|title=Presentation of the book in the Crimean Republican Universal Scientific Library named after I. Franco|publisher=franco.crimealib.ru|lang = ru |website = |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}}<br/> * {{cite web|url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01009825641|title= Edition card in the Russian State Library|publisher=unis.shpl.ru |lang = ru |website = search.rsl.ru |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Holiday of wandering mzungu}}</noinclude> [[Category:Books by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] 6e535wujs94lb76k29l95wiv44tohsc Hobo tourism/Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars 0 448954 4442426 4283060 2024-10-24T22:21:47Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Bunlap (1).jpg|thumb|260px|Edition cover]] '''Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars''' ([[w:Russian language|ru.]]Два месяца странствий и 14 дней за решёткой) is a book by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, who traveled several continents, practicing the methods of [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|hobo tourism]]. A literary work in the genre of travel essays describes [[Hobo tourism/Viktor Pinchuk's expedition to the Islands of Oceania|the author’s solo expedition]], the route of which included South Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, Singapore, Fiji, Vanuatu, Tonga and Samoa, and 20 islands belonging to those countries. The book describes the attractions of the visited places, road adventures, the methods used — [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/Under the open sky||open-air overnight]], as well as [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/In Aboriginal dwellings|with the Aborigines]], [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys/At the cemetery|in the cemetery]] and in other extravagant places, spontaneously prompted by fantasy. For ordinary readers, as well as geographers and ethnologists, the chapter may be interesting about small village of Bunlap, located on [[w:Pentecost Island|Island of Pentecost]], where the native people, without knowing it, "built" some model of communism. == General information == * Year of publication: 2020. * Number of pages: 116. * Illustrations: the author. * Color of illustrations: black and white. * Language of publication: Russian. * Genre: journalism, travel essays. * Topics: country studies. * Continents: Asia, Oceania. * Style: artistic publicism. * Designed: for a wide range of readers. * Where published: [[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]. * Additional data: ISBN 978-5-9909912-5-5. == Quote == <blockquote> ''The tiny states of Oceania, where foreign tourists set foot reluctantly and extremely rarely, have always attracted me with picturesque exoticism and the absence of civilization. Going to conquer the islands, chose four Asian countries for the "springboard" and, as a true traveler, bought a one-way ticket. It was this fact that played a cruel joke.'' </blockquote> == Gallery == <gallery widths="270px" heights="270px" class="center"> File:Bangao Mummy Cave (2).jpg|In the Mummy Cave (Philippines) File:Bunlap (4).jpg|Woman from Bunlap village, Pentecost (Vanuatu) File:Mele Cascades.jpg|Mele Cascades (Vanuatu) File:Suite for a tramp (ʻEua-island, Tonga).jpg|Аccommodation on the island of ʻEua (Tonga) File:Fuipisia Falls.jpg|Fuipisia Falls, [[w:Upolu|Upolu]] (Samoa) </gallery> == Links == {{commons|Category: Photos from the book «Two months of wanderings and 14 days unfreedom» (Два месяца странствий и 14 дней за решеткой)}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.culture.ru/events/609665/prezentaciya-knigi-dva-mesyaca-stranstvii-i-14-dnei-za-reshetkoi|title=Presentation of the book in the Crimean Republican Universal Scientific Library named after I. Franco|publisher=culture.ru|lang = ru |website = |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} * {{cite web|url=https://unis.shpl.ru/Pages/Search/BookInfo.aspx?Id=7124999|title=Edition card in the Russian State Library|publisher=unis.shpl.ru |lang = ru |website = unis.shpl.ru |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Two months of wandering and 14 days behind bars}}</noinclude> [[Category:Books by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] 0ls5gp2vvkwfm1pzy112r61trhsywe8 Hobo tourism/Indian dreams 0 448975 4442427 4283061 2024-10-24T22:21:54Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File: Indian Dreams — Индийские сны (cover of book).jpg|thumb|300px|Edition cover]] '''Indian dreams''' ([[w:Russian language|ru.]] Индийские сны) — a book by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, who visited several continents, practicing [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|non-standard methods]]. The literary work in the genre of travel notes tells the story of the [[Hobo tourism/Creative trip to India|author’s two-week trip to India]]. == General information == * Year of publication: 2020. * Number of pages: 40. * Illustrations: the author. * Color of illustrations: black and white. * Color tab: 4 pages (7 photos). * Language of publication: Russian. * Genre: journalism, travel essays. * Topics: country studies. * Continents: Asia. * Style: artistic publicism. * Designed: for a wide range of readers. * Where published: [[w:Simferopol|Simferopol]]. * Additional data: ISBN 978-5-9909912-5-5. == Quote == <blockquote> ''Now, when there are fifty-plus countries behind, the second independent (without the help of travel agencies) trip abroad is perceived by me differently: two weeks — a trifle against the background of half-yearly hobo tours. But if the first step had not been taken, there would have been no continuation... The choice is not accidental: there are places on the map of the world that every traveler should visit... Mug and bowl — in a backpack, mess of hopes, expectations and uncertainty — in the head. Forward!'' </blockquote> == Gallery == <gallery widths="350px" heights="250px" class="center"> 4 Sadhu.jpg|[[w:Sadhu|Sadhu]] Hostel in Surat (Photo from book).jpg|Hostel in Surat Indian deities.jpg|Indian deities. Sacred Animal.jpg |Sacred animal </gallery> ==Links== {{commons|Category:Photos from the book «Indian Dreams» (Индийские сны)}} * {{cite web|url=https://search.rsl.ru/ru/search#q=ISBN%20978-5-9909912-6-2|title=Edition card in the Russian State Library|publisher=|lang = ru |website = search.rsl.ru |date = |accessdate = April 23, 2023}} {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Indian dreams}}</noinclude> [[Category:Books by the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk]] eabxri040bzdoibydf6iu575ah6bmux Hobo tourism/Around the world with empty pockets 0 449003 4442428 4196643 2024-10-24T22:21:59Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Rfd}}[[File:Around the World with empty pockets.jpg|thumb|500px|Television poster (in Russian)]] '''"Around the world with empty pockets"''' — TV project of the Russian traveler Viktor Pinchuk, was carried out with the assistance of the [[w: ru:Крым (телерадиокомпания)|TV and Radio Company "Crimea"]] (broadcast was in [[w:Russian language|Russian]]). == About the project == Each issue was dedicated to a specific country; the participant of the travel show, answering the questions of the presenters of the program "Morning" (a part of which was this project), live, without preparation told about the intricacies of journeys in the format of a [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|bum tour]]: about [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys|accommodation]], [[Hobo tourism/Food|meals]], the extreme situations that have been experienced, touching upon, in addition to the above, other topics related to long trips and expeditions around the planet. From October 2014 to November 2015, 13 TV stories were aired, of which only eleven can be seen on the official website of the TV company: the first and second issues were created at the time when the Internet video posting of the TV and Radio Company "Crimea" was just planned. == Instuctional value == The video material is intended for optional viewing as part of familiarization with the course of the textbook "Hobo Tourism". Plots give an additional idea about the subject being studied and, to some extent, can serve as video lessons. == Links == * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7DkVXFceNA The plot about the winter bum tour to Japan (aired on 6. 10. 2014)] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9KAiW8I6OA The plot about visiting one of the most dangerous and not very tourist countries of the world — Afghanistan (aired 13. 10. 2014)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xseNAA_aEV4 The plot about Sumatra Island, one of the five visited during the trip to Indonesia (aired on 27. 10. 2014)] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbwjpU3zkHQ The plot "Egypt without pyramids" (aired 10. 11. 2014)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZorgzUimck The plot of West Malaysia (aired on 17. 11. 2014)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9b143Ckx8A The plot anout Zambia (aired on 24. 11. 2014)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_efue6adcdM Review report on the trip, which included 12 countries of Latin America (aired on 29. 06. 2015)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQ4yja0k5dI The plot about Cuba — the island of freedom (aired 06. 07. 2015)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrNJ4dnRIws A plot about Uganda, one of the poorest countries in Africa (aired on 13. 07. 2015)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-O24OMAbDI The plot is about Guatemala, a Central American country, where the structures of Mayan architecture have survived (aired 03. 11. 2015)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRMxdu5rAEY The story of the tribes of Kenya, their traditions and ethnic dress (aired on 30. 11. 2015)] == Gallery (image links) == * [[:b:ru:Файл:Стоп-кадр из передачи (тема — Афганистан).jpg |Freeze frame from the television story about Afghanistan]] * [[:b:ru:Файл:Стоп-кадр из передачи (тема — Уганда).jpg |Freeze frame from the television story about Uganda]] * [[:b:ru:Файл:Стоп-кадр из передачи (тема — Кения).jpg |Freeze frame from the television story about Kenian tribes]] * [[:b:ru:Файл:Стоп-кадр из передачи (тема — Куба).jpg |Freeze frame from the television story about Cuba]] * [[:b:ru:Файл:Стоп-кадр из передачи (тема — Египет).jpg |Freeze frame from the television story about Egypt]] * [[:b:ru:Файл:Стоп-кадр из передачи (тема — Гватемала).jpg |Freeze frame from the television story about Guatemala]] {{bookcat}} [[Category:Optional material on hobo tourism]] j9qnp38co3ioi6j35dj5n0nsmj9m0to Hobo travel journalism/Topics 0 454155 4442404 4285100 2024-10-24T22:17:33Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rm self-promotional content 4442404 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Bum travel journalism (Logo).png||thumb|300px|Textbook logo]] [[Hobo travel journalism/General information|The briefing]] was read and studied, [[Hobo travel journalism/Route selection|the route]] was chosen. It's time to move on to the main… ===What to write about?=== The theme may be the adventures of the author using non-standard ways of moving around the globe (see the section "About the hobo tourism" below in examples of author articles from Wikisource), including [[Hobo tourism/Overnight stays in long intercontinental journeys|accommodation options]]; [[Hobo tourism/Food|food]] in the native "canteens" side by side with representatives of the lower classes of society and a description of the dishes used by them. In addition, articles can cover any aspects of travel and everything related to them: the use of [[hobo tourism]] methods in this direction of journalism does not mean at all that the thematic content of your material should be devoted to describing the [[Hobo tourism/Long intercontinental trips and expeditions|author’s hobo adventures]] (or displaying the life of homeless natives); in this case, as mentioned earlier, this is just a way of implementing. ===Title=== The title should attract, intrigue, without disclosing the content. It should be remembered that a sonorous headline will not save a "gray" text from the wastebasket: the reader, looking at one or two paragraphs, will set aside your article ... for use as wrapping paper. Based on what you are going to write about, you need [[Hobo travel journalism/Route selection|to plan a route]]. But you can also go “from the opposite side”: spontaneously wander around the world, and then adventures will find you, perhaps even fall “like snow on your head” (see the section “Unplanned extreme” in examples of articles from Wikisource). ===Some recommendations=== If you are going to write on an ethnic theme — about “semi-savage” tribes living in the jungle overgrown with lianas — you should choose the countries of Africa or the island states of Oceania for the upcoming route (see the section “Ethnic Theme” below in examples of author articles from Wikisource ). On the Asian mainland, people who look “a la Neanderthal”, alas, have not survived (and if they have exist somewhere in the forests of Indonesia, it is almost impossible to find them), it is better to go there in search of other topics, for example, for writing articles about the architecture of ancient civilizations. For this purpose, Cambodia is suitable, where there are more temples than mosquitoes in Africa; besides it — Thailand, Laos, etc. No less (and even more) attractive is [[Hobo tourism/Latin American expedition of Viktor Pinchuk|visiting some states of Latin America]], in particular, I recommend Mexico and Guatemala, which are replete with buildings of the Mayan civilization that are in varying degrees of preservation. The theme of traditional cuisine is applicable to all [[w:Third World|Third World countries]]: one can describe both daily meals and extravagant delicacies that can shock a European (see the section "Culinary Features of Exotic Countries" in examples of articles from Wikisource). Photo shooting is required.{{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT:Topics}}</noinclude> 3kc2g9wc3nghow7b6ckwcjy0u616q6v Hobo travel journalism/Returning from distant wanderings (rubric in the newspaper "Republic of Crimea") 0 454159 4442409 4285843 2024-10-24T22:19:54Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Удостоверение РК.jpg|thumb|450px|Journalist's certificate issued in 2012]] '''{{Rfd}}“Returning from distant wanderings”''' (in [[w:Russian language|ru]]: «Из дальних странствий возвратясь») is a rubric in the newspaper “Republic of Crimea” (in [[w:Russian language|ru]]: «Республика Крым»), published in Simferopol from 1994 to 2014, whose columnist was a Russian traveler, travel journalist Viktor Pinchuk. The date of the first publication of the author is October 2007, the last material was published in April 2014; a total of 80 travel articles, some of which are freely available on the Wikisource website. == Articles == * Мечта об Африке, или девять дней в Эфиопии — 4. 10. 2007. — № 31 (760); * Сон афганского узника — 6. 08. 2009. — № 27 (843); * С рюкзаком по Сирии — 10. 09. 2009. — № 32 (848); * «Гульгула» в Бамиане — 8. 10. 2009. — № 34 (850); * Подарок вождю — 22. 10. 2009. — № 36 (852); * Угандийскими тропами — 12. 11. 2009. — № 39 (855); * Акуна матата — 10. 12. 2009. — № 42 (858); * Ман тахи дастам… — 21. 01. 2010. — № 2 (863); * Хороша страна Монголия — 11. 03. 2010. — № 9 (870); * Пешком через пустыню — 25. 03. 2010. — № 11 (872); * Там, где правил Чингисхан — 15. 04. 2010. — № 13 (874); * Незнакомый Египет — 13. 05. 2010. — № 17 (878); * Прощание с Монголией — 3. 06. 2010. — № 20 (881); * [[s:ru:Бог един... в 200 лицах (Пинчук)|Бог един… в 200 лицах]] — 5. 08. 2010. — № 27 (888) [[s: Translation:God is One… in 200 Persons|'''— there is an English translation available''']]; * Грузинский транзит — 26. 08. 2010. — № 29 (890); * Инструктаж для пилигрима — 9. 09. 2010. — № 30 (891); * На пути к Али-Шадр — 7. 10. 2010. — № 34 (895); * Джамбо, Кения! — 4. 11. 2010. — № 38 (899); * Кения-2: приключения продолжаются — 25. 11. 2010. — № 41 (902); * Кения-3: фотомодели у хижин — 14. 12. 2010. — № 43 (904); * Кения-4: калейдоскоп событий — 23. 12. 2010. — № 44 (905); * Кения-5: пора домой! — 13. 01. 2011. — № 1 (907); * Исфахан и дырявый карман — 20. 01. 2011. — № 2 (908); * Мы все учились понемногу (воспоминания пионера челночества) — 27. 01. 2011. — № 3 (909); * Проблемы водоснабжения в Африке — 24. 03. 2011. — № 8 (914); * Дорога в Судан — 7. 04. 2011. — № 10 (916); * Заморим червячка? О странных блюдах стран заморских — 14. 04. 2011. — № 11 (917); * Сияха в Судане — 21. 04. 2011. — № 12 (918); * Челночный дебют в Кечкемете, или первый блин комом — 28. 04. 2011. — № 13 (919); * Судан – 3: автостопом по стране — 12. 05. 2011. — № 14 (920); * Дискотека по-арабски — 19. 05. 2011. — № 15 (921); * Судан – 4: прохладный уют пирамиды — 26. 05. 2011. — № 16 (922); * Джераш — «королевство» в королевстве — 2. 06. 2011. — № 17 (923); * Судан – 5: околовизовые мытарства — 9. 06. 2011. — № 18 (924); * Мечети Самарканда — 23. 06. 2011. — № 19 (925); * Восхождение на Мангуп как избавление от тоски по Африке — 7. 07. 2011. — № 21 (927); * Судан – 6: беспробудное занудство — 17. 11. 2011. — № 22 (928); * Судан – 7: предвыездные мытарства — 24. 11. 2011. — № 23 (929); * Третья афровылазка продолжается — 23. 02. 2012. — № 7 (940); * Япония для нищих — 15. 03. 2012. — № 8 (941); * «Гуманоид» в гостях у самураев — 22. 03. 2012. — № 9 (942); * Продолжение бомжеключений — 23. 03. 2012. — № 10 (943); * Ватащи-ва бимбо хито дэсу — 5. 04. 2012. — № 11 (944); * Сказки и быль о Японии — 12. 04. 2012. — № 12 (945); * Двадцатая страна — 24. 04. 2012. — № 13 (946); * Заметки «японского» бомжа — 24. 05. 2012. — № 15 (948); * Остров размером с деревню — 7. 06. 2012. — № 16 (949); * Вот и всё: вокзал и аэропорт… — 7. 06. 2012. — № 17 (950); * День рождения на Демерджи — 21. 07. 2012. — № 19 (952); * Какая она, Замбия? — 15. 10. 2012. — № 32 (965); * Вперёд, в африканские дебри! — 25. 10. 2012. — № 33 (966); * Что было дальше? — 8. 11. 2012. — № 34 (967); * Седьмое чудо света — 15. 11. 2012. — № 35 (968); * Намибия. Первое знакомство — 6. 12. 2012. — № 37 (970); * [[s:ru:В гостях у смерти (Пинчук)|В гостях у смерти]]— 17. 01. 2013. — № 1 (973) [[s:Translation:Visiting Death|'''— there is an English translation available''']]; * [[s:ru:Робинзон нелепого «круиза» (Пинчук)|Робинзон нелепого «круиза»]] — 24. 01. 2013. — № 2 (974) [[s:Translation:Ridiculous "cruise" of Robinson|'''— there is an English translation available''']]; * Мой адрес — не дом и не улица… — 31. 01. 2013. — № 3 (975); * В каньоне «рыбной» реки — 7. 02. 2013. — № 4 (976); * Через Замбию в Бурунди — 14. 02. 2013. — № 5 (977); * Две страны за двое суток — 21. 02. 2013. — № 6 (978); * Снег на экваторе — 7. 03. 2013. — № 7 (979); * Всё имеет свойство заканчиваться… — 14. 03. 2013. — № 8 (980); * Полгода по островам… — 4. 07. 2013. — № 18 (990); * Снег на экваторе — 7. 03. 2013. — № 7 (979); * На Борнео через Калимантан — 18. 07. 2013. — № 19 (991); * Брунейские приключения начинаются… — 1. 08. 2013. — № 20 (992); * Новый год на Змеином озере — 22. 08. 2013. — № 21 (992); * Назад в Малайзию: туда, где ещё не бывал — 5. 09. 2013. — № 22 (994); * Две лестницы и 100 долларов за подъём — 19. 09. 2013. — № 23 (995); * Фауна малайского Борнео — 3. 10. 2013. — № 24 (996); * Два Сусанина для одного иностранца — 24. 10. 2013. — № 25 (997); * [[s:ru:Медицина по-малазийски (Пинчук)|Медицина по-малазийски]] — 14. 10. 2013. — № 26 (998); * Крымский гуру на Суматре — 13. 12. 2013. — № 28 (1000) [[s:Translation:Crimean guru in Sumatra|'''— there is an English translation available''']]; * Печальная школа автостопа — 16. 01. 2014. — № 1 (1002); * Жемчужина Западной Суматры — 30. 01. 2014. — № 2 (1003); * Наяву на Яву прибыл… — 13. 02. 2014. — № 3 (1004); * Череззаборный «тур» на Боробудур — 19. 03. 2014. — № 5 (1006); * В джунглях культурной столицы — 27. 03. 2014. — № 6 (1007); * Остров действующих вулканов — 19. 04. 2014. — № 7 (1008); * Через три острова… автобусом — 24. 04. 2014. — № 8 (1009). {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Returning from distant wanderings (in the newspaper Republic of Crimea)}}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Returning from distant wanderings (rubric in the newspaper "Republic of Crimea")}}</noinclude> 04zsxtsi2ar9kx6oto4h9a3tj3gh286 Hobo travel journalism/Wind of wanderings (rubric in the newspaper "Crimean Time") 0 454161 4442408 4278023 2024-10-24T22:19:48Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442408 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Удостоверение КВ, 2009 год.jpg|thumb|400px|Journalist's certificate issued in 2009]] [[File:Удостоверение КВ, 2015 год.jpg|thumb|270px|Journalist's certificate issued in 2014]] '''{{Rfd}}“The Wind of Wanderings”''' (in [[w:Russian language|ru]]: «Ветер странствий») is a rubric in the newspaper “Crimean Time” (in [[w:Russian language|ru]]: «Крымское время»), the columnist of which was Russian traveler and journalist Viktor Pinchuk. In 2014 the staff of the printed edition was completely renewed, only the name of the newspaper remained the same. Since then the travel column was called "Adventures of Crimean Wanderer". The date of the first author′s publication is March 2007. For the entire period of work 34 articles of the traveler have been published, some of them are freely available on Wikisource. At present the newspaper has ceased to exist. == Articles == * Индия даром — 29.03.2007. — № 35 (2421); * Монгольский хуйвалдагч (отрывок из путевых заметок) — 11.10.2007. — № 113 (2499); * Египет на десерт — 28.02.2008. — № 23 (2555); * Зловонная «экзотика» дальних дорог — 3.04.2008. — № 36 (2568); * Зачем пигмею противогаз? — 8.05.2008. — № 49 (2581); * В поисках загадочных карамоджас — 22.05.2008. — № 54 (2586); * Груша-Африка — 29.05.2008. — № 57 (2589); * В жёлтой жаркой Африке не видать идиллии... — 17.07.2008. — № 75 (2607); * Дед Масай и масайцы — 31.07.2008. — № 81 (2613); * Дебре-Зэйт – посёлок у семи озёр — 18.09.2008. — № 101 (2633); * [[s: Translation:One day in Afghan prison|Один день в Афганской тюрьме]] — 11.12.2008. — № 137 (2669); * Новогодняя поездка в Каир — 25.12.2008. — № 143 (2675); * По дорогам Сирии — 19.02.2009. — № 17 (2694); * Узбегим дурдонаси — 5.03.2009. — № 23 (2700); * [[s: ru:Бродяга в Хашимитском Королевстве (Пинчук)|Бродяга в Хашимитском королевстве]] — 9.04.2009. — № 38 (2715); * Седьмая страна, или грузинский ночлег — 30.04.2009. — № 46 (2723); * Ни слова по-турецки! — 4.06.2009. — № 59 (2736); * Страна сэндвичей — 18.06.2009. — № 64 (2741); * [[s: ru:Эхо афганской войны (Пинчук)|Эхо афганской войны]] — 3.09.2009. — № 95 (2772); * Два дня на Тарханкуте — 10.09.2009. — № 97 (2774); * В городе пальм — 1.10.2009. — № 103 (2780); * Незабываемая Петра — 5.11.2009. — № 113 (2790); * Три койко-дня в Грузии — 24.12.2009. — № 27 (2804); * Начальная школа автостопа — 30.12.2009. — № 28 (2805); * Автостоп: теория и практика — 6.01.2010. — № 1 (2806); * Посылка из Кабула — 4.02.2010. — № 9 (2814); * Женщины третьего мира: традиции и нравы — 11.03.2010. — № 18 (2823); * Ты помнишь, как всё начиналось? — 18.03.2010. — № 20 (2825); * [[s:ru:Немного «секса» для дехкан (Пинчук)|Немного «секса» для дехкан]] — 24.06.2010. — № 44 (2849); * [[s:ru:Очень вкусный... паучок! (Пинчук)|Очень вкусный... паучок!]] — 25.09.2014. — № 38 (3393) [[s:Translation:Very tasty... spider!|'''— there is an English translation available''']]; * [[s:ru:Заметки международного БОМЖа|Заметки международного БОМЖа]] — 4.09.2014. — № 35 (3390) [[s:Translation:Notes of an international tramp|'''— there is an English translation available''']]; * Где обитают людоеды? — 11.09.2014. — № 36 (3391); * [[s:ru:Девять шагов с «мыльницей» наперевес (Пинчук)|Девять шагов с «мыльницей» наперевес]] — 7.08.2014. — № 31 (3386); * [[s:ru:В поисках затерянных племён|В поисках затерянных племён]] — 16.10.2014. — № 41 (3396) [[s:Translation:In search of the Lost Tribes|'''— there is an English translation available''']]. {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Wind of wanderings (rubric in the newspaper "Crimean Time")}}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Wind of wanderings (rubric in the newspaper "Crimean Time")}}</noinclude> 3ydxfzn9980v82x3go4s5hkgf2zhquc Hobo travel journalism/Around the World (rubric in the newspaper "Crimean Observer") 0 454214 4442407 4278840 2024-10-24T22:19:43Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442407 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:В гостях у пигмеев.jpg|thumb|300px|One of the articles]] '''{{Rfd}}“Around the World”''' (in [[w:Russian language|ru]]: «Вокруг света») is a rubric in the “Crimean Observer“ (in [[w:Russian language|ru]]: «Крымский обозреватель») newspaper, published in Simferopol in the early 2000s, whose columnist was the Russian travel journalist Viktor Pinchuk. The author's first publication was in October 2007; seven articles have been published since the paper's inception, two of which are freely available on Wikisource (in Russian). ==Articles == * Путешествие на родину Чингисхана — 16.10.2007. — № 42 (220); * [[s:ru:Один день в египетской деревне (Пинчук) |Один день в египетской деревне]] — 19.02.2008. — № 7 (237); * Кто такой Хануман? — 25.03.2008. — № 12 (242); * [[s:ru:В гостях у пигмеев (Пинчук) |В гостях у пигмеев]] — 29.04.2008. — № 17 (247); * Много ли пулемётов в деревнях Кении? — 25.05.2008. — № 20 (250); * Пирамиды за колючей проволокой — 9.09.2008. — № 36 (266); * Что я делал в Момбасе? — 16.09.2008. — № 37 (267). {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT: Around the World (rubric in the newspaper "Crimean Observer")}}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE: Around the World (rubric in the newspaper "Crimean Observer")}}</noinclude> dotu2s7f3377eay2kvdjb863be5next Hobo travel journalism/Travel notes (rubric in the ProX magazine) 0 454220 4442406 4278694 2024-10-24T22:19:05Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 rfd 4442406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File: Медаль за отвагу.jpg|thumb|450px|One of the articles]]{{Rfd}} '''“Travel notes”''' (in [[w:Russian language|ru]]: «Путёвые заметки», untranslatable [[w:Pun|pun]], where replacing the "е" with an "ё" changes the meaning) is a title of heading in the youth magazine “ProX”, where, along with other authors, the Russian travel journalist & adventurer Viktor Pinchuk was published. The first author's material was released in 2007; During the existence of the publication, six articles were published, one of which is freely available on the Wikisource (in [[w:Russian language|Russian]] and English). == Articles == * Эфиоп и Я — 2007 — №7 (10); * Хуйтэн по-монгольски — 2008 — №1 (14); * [[s:ru:Медаль за отвагу (Пинчук)|Медаль за отвагу]] — 2008 — №1 (1) [[s:Translation:Medal "For Courage"|'''— there is an English translation available''']]; * Афганский пленник (ч. 1) — 2009 — №1 (21); * Афганский пленник (ч. 2) — 2010 — №1 (23); * Такую Сирию турфирмы вам не покажут — 2010 — №2 (24). {{bookcat}} <noinclude>{{DEFAULTSORT:Travel notes (rubric in the ProX magazine)}}</noinclude> <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE: Travel notes (rubric in the ProX magazine)}}</noinclude> n7o185emrsjw12mleiswbpqszw3mgz1 Quantum Chemistry/Example 31 0 460284 4442368 4341350 2024-10-24T15:35:32Z 2001:4958:2E42:C601:E1B1:3700:DCCC:B53A The formatting was slightly changed to better represent the operations occurring. 4442368 wikitext text/x-wiki Write an example problem related to the conversion between wavelength, frequency, energy and wavenumber of electromagnetic radiation. Show each step in detail and explain the conversion. Example: Carbon monoxide shows a sharp peak in its IR spectrum at 2143 cm<sup>-1</sup>. a) Calculate the frequency and wavelength of the molecule's vibration. The question gives us the wavenumber which can be converted to frequency through the equation: <math> v = \widehat{v} \times c</math> where v is the frequency, ṽ is the wavenumber and c is the speed of light. <math> v = \widehat{v} \times c</math> <math>v = (2143cm^{-1})\times(2.99792458\times10^{10}\left ( \frac{cm}{s} \right ))</math> <math>v = 6.4245237484\times10^{13}s^{-1}</math> <math> v = 64.24 THz </math> To find the wavelength of the vibration we can use the equation: <math> \hat{v} = \frac{1}{\lambda} </math> where <math> \lambda</math> is the wavelength. <math> \hat{v} = \frac{1}{\lambda} </math> This equation can be rearranged to solve for wavelength: <math> \lambda= \frac{1}{\hat{v}} </math> <math> \lambda= \frac{1}{2143 cm^{-1}} </math> <math> \lambda=4.666356\times10^{-4}cm </math> This should be converted to nm since wavelength is usually written in nm. <math> \lambda=4.666356\times10^{-4}cm \times {1nm \over(1\times10^{-7} cm)} </math> <math> \lambda=4.6\times10^{3}nm </math> b) Calculate the energy of carbon monoxide at its ground state. To find the energy of a molecule at its ground state we can use the equation: <math> E = hv_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant, <math> v_0 </math> is the frequency of the ground state, and <math> v</math> is the quantum number of the energy level. We can use this equation since carbon monoxide's vibrations act as a harmonic oscillator. <math> E = hv_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> <math> E = h (6.424\times 10^{13} s^{-1} )</math><math> \biggl(0+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\Biggr)</math> <math> E = 2.12847674 \times 10^{-20} J </math> c) Calculate the wavelength of a photon that excites an electron from the ground state up 2 levels. In this case, the quantum number v is equal to 2. We can use the same equation used in b) to first solve the change in energy caused by the photon. <math> E = hv_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> <math> E = h (6.424\times 10^{13} s^{-1} )</math><math> \biggl(2+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\Biggr)</math> <math> E = 1.06423837\times10^{-19} J</math> Now that we have found the change in energy we can calculate the wavelength of the photon using the equation: <math> E = \left ( \frac{hc}{\lambda} \right )</math> Rearrange the equation to solve for λ: <math> \lambda = \left ( \frac{hc}{E } \right )</math> <math> \lambda = \left ( \frac{hc}{1.06423837\times10^{-19} J } \right )</math> <math> \lambda = 0.0001866542 cm </math> Convert the wavelength to nm. <math> \lambda = 0.0001866542 cm \times \left ( \frac{1 nm}{1\times10^{-7}cm} \right ) </math> <math> \lambda = 1.86\times10^{-6} nm </math> Therefore, a photon that is able to cause a transition from ground state to v = 2 must have a wavelength of 1.86 * 10<sup>-6</sup> nm. {{BookCat}} ejgj8kgba11p3c5q5og1zv9z043frm4 4442377 4442368 2024-10-24T16:09:32Z 2001:4958:2E42:C601:F877:AC0D:6756:576 Changed the v to be a nu 4442377 wikitext text/x-wiki Write an example problem related to the conversion between wavelength, frequency, energy and wavenumber of electromagnetic radiation. Show each step in detail and explain the conversion. Example: Carbon monoxide shows a sharp peak in its IR spectrum at 2143 cm<sup>-1</sup>. a) Calculate the frequency and wavelength of the molecule's vibration. The example gives us the wavenumber which can be converted to frequency through the equation: <math> \nu= \tilde{\nu} \times c</math> where <math> \nu</math> is the frequency, <math> \tilde{\nu}</math> is the wavenumber and c is the speed of light. <math>\nu= \tilde{\nu} \times c</math> <math>\nu = (2143cm^{-1})\times(2.99792458\times10^{10}cm/s)</math> <math>\nu = 6.4245237484\times10^{13}s^{-1}</math> <math>\nu = 64.24 THz</math> To find the wavelength of the vibration we can use the equation: <math> \tilde{\nu} = \frac{1}{\lambda} </math> where <math> \lambda</math> is the wavelength. <math> \tilde{\nu} = \frac{1}{\lambda} </math> This equation can be rearranged to solve for wavelength: <math> \lambda= \frac{1}{\tilde{\nu}} </math> <math> \lambda= \frac{1}{2143 cm^{-1}} </math> <math> \lambda=4.666356\times10^{-4}cm </math> This should be converted to nm since wavelength is usually written in nm. <math> \lambda=4.666356\times10^{-4}cm \times {1nm \over(1\times10^{-7} cm)} </math> <math> \lambda=4.6\times10^{3}nm </math> b) Calculate the energy of carbon monoxide at its ground state. To find the energy of a molecule at its ground state we can use the equation: <math> E = h\nu_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant, <math> v_0 </math> is the frequency of the ground state, and <math> v</math> is the quantum number of the energy level. We can use this equation since carbon monoxide's vibrations act as a harmonic oscillator. <math> E = h\nu_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> <math> E = h (6.424\times 10^{13} s^{-1} )</math><math> \biggl(0+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\Biggr)</math> <math> E = 2.12847674 \times 10^{-20} J </math> c) Calculate the wavelength of a photon that excites an electron from the ground state up 2 levels. In this case, the quantum number v is equal to 2. We can use the same equation used in b) to first solve the change in energy caused by the photon. <math> E = hv_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> <math> E = h (6.424\times 10^{13} s^{-1} )</math><math> \biggl(2+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\Biggr)</math> <math> E = 1.06423837\times10^{-19} J</math> Now that we have found the change in energy we can calculate the wavelength of the photon using the equation: <math> E = \left ( \frac{hc}{\lambda} \right )</math> Rearrange the equation to solve for λ: <math> \lambda = \left ( \frac{hc}{E } \right )</math> <math> \lambda = \left ( \frac{hc}{1.06423837\times10^{-19} J } \right )</math> <math> \lambda = 0.0001866542 cm </math> Convert the wavelength to nm. <math> \lambda = 0.0001866542 cm \times \left ( \frac{1 nm}{1\times10^{-7}cm} \right ) </math> <math> \lambda = 1.86\times10^{-6} nm </math> Therefore, a photon that is able to cause a transition from ground state to v = 2 must have a wavelength of 1.86 * 10<sup>-6</sup> nm. {{BookCat}} g3ayu6no1s7qmb55ohp8ptl2j0c5jig 4442393 4442377 2024-10-24T20:38:46Z 2001:4958:2E42:C601:B4E0:222D:E1C6:982A corrected math 4442393 wikitext text/x-wiki Write an example problem related to the conversion between wavelength, frequency, energy and wavenumber of electromagnetic radiation. Show each step in detail and explain the conversion. Example: Carbon monoxide shows a sharp peak in its IR spectrum at 2143 cm<sup>-1</sup>. a) Calculate the frequency and wavelength of the molecule's vibration. The example gives us the wavenumber which can be converted to frequency through the equation: <math> \nu= \tilde{\nu} \times c</math> where <math> \nu</math> is the frequency, <math> \tilde{\nu}</math> is the wavenumber and <math> c </math> is the speed of light. <math>\nu= \tilde{\nu} \times c</math> <math>\nu = (2143cm^{-1})\times(2.99792458\times10^{10}cm/s)</math> <math>\nu = 6.424552375\times10^{13}s^{-1}</math> <math>\nu = 64.25THz</math> To find the wavelength of the vibration we can use the equation: <math> \tilde{\nu} = \frac{1}{\lambda} </math> where <math> \lambda</math> is the wavelength. <math> \tilde{\nu} = \frac{1}{\lambda} </math> This equation can be rearranged to solve for wavelength: <math> \lambda= \frac{1}{\tilde{\nu}} </math> <math> \lambda= \frac{1}{2143 cm^{-1}} </math> <math> \lambda =4.6663555\times10^{-4}cm </math> This should be converted to nm since wavelength is usually written in nm. <math> \lambda=4.666356\times10^{-4}cm \times {1nm \over(1\times10^{-7} cm)} </math> <math> \lambda=4.666\times10^{3}nm </math> b) Calculate the energy of carbon monoxide at its ground state. To find the energy of a molecule at its ground state we can use the equation: <math> E = h\nu_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> where <math> E </math> is the energy, <math> h </math> is Planck's constant, <math> \nu_0 </math> is the frequency of the ground state, and <math> v</math> is the quantum number of the energy level. We can use this equation since carbon monoxide's vibrations act as a harmonic oscillator. As this is the ground state the quantum number <math> v </math> is equal to 0. <math> E = h\nu_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> <math>E = (6.62607015\times 10^{-34} m^2 kg /s) (6.425\times 10^{13} s^{-1} )</math><math> \biggl(0+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\Biggr)</math> <math> E = 2.128625036 \times 10^{-20} J </math> <math> E = 2.129 \times 10^{-20} J </math> c) Calculate the wavelength of a photon that excites an electron from the ground state up 2 levels. In this case, the quantum number <math> v </math> is equal to 2. We can use the same equation used in b) to first solve the change in energy caused by the photon. <math> E = hv_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> <math> E = (6.62607015\times 10^{-34} m^2 kg /s) (6.425\times 10^{13} s^{-1} )</math><math> \biggl(2+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\Biggr)</math> <math> E = 1.064312518 \times10^{-19} J</math> Now that we have found the change in energy we can calculate the wavelength of the photon using the equation: <math> E = \left ( \frac{hc}{\lambda} \right )</math> Rearrange the equation to solve for λ: <math> \lambda = \left ( \frac{hc}{E } \right )</math> <math>\lambda = \left (\frac{6.62607015\times 10^{-34} m^2 kg /s\times 2.99792458\times10^{10}cm/s} {1.064312518\times10^{-19} J } \right )</math> <math>\lambda = 1.86641219\times10^{-4} cm</math> Convert the wavelength to nm. <math> \lambda = 1.86641219\times10^{-4} cm \times \left ( \frac{1 nm}{1\times10^{-7}cm} \right ) </math> <math> \lambda = 1866.41219 nm </math> {{BookCat}} a2voyaf4siydv9ik1hadywmxblwk5x9 4442399 4442393 2024-10-24T21:22:07Z 2001:4958:2E42:C601:484D:E7E8:650A:497C Changed formatting to allow all 3 part of the question to be viewed easily 4442399 wikitext text/x-wiki Write an example problem related to the conversion between wavelength, frequency, energy and wavenumber of electromagnetic radiation. Show each step in detail and explain the conversion. == Example: Carbon monoxide shows a sharp peak in its IR spectrum at 2143 cm<sup>-1</sup> == '''a)''' Calculate the frequency and wavelength of the molecule's vibration. '''b)''' Calculate the energy of carbon monoxide at its ground state. '''c)''' Calculate the wavelength of a photon that excites an electron from the ground state up 2 levels. == Solutions == '''a)''' The example gives us the wavenumber which can be converted to frequency through the equation: <math> \nu= \tilde{\nu} \times c</math> where <math> \nu</math> is the frequency, <math> \tilde{\nu}</math> is the wavenumber and <math> c </math> is the speed of light. <math>\nu = (2143cm^{-1})\times(2.99792458\times10^{10}cm/s)</math> <math>\nu = 6.424552375\times10^{13}s^{-1}</math> Convert to Hz <math>\nu = 64.25THz</math> To find the wavelength of the vibration we can use the equation: <math> \tilde{\nu} = \frac{1}{\lambda} </math> where <math> \lambda</math> is the wavelength. <math> \tilde{\nu} = \frac{1}{\lambda} </math> This equation can be rearranged to solve for wavelength: <math> \lambda= \frac{1}{\tilde{\nu}} </math> <math> \lambda= \frac{1}{2143 cm^{-1}} </math> <math> \lambda =4.6663555\times10^{-4}cm </math> This should be converted to nm since wavelength is usually written in nm. <math> \lambda=4.666356\times10^{-4}cm \times {1nm \over(1\times10^{-7} cm)} </math> <math> \lambda=4.666\times10^{3}nm </math> '''b)''' To find the energy of a molecule at its ground state we can use the equation: <math> E = h\nu_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> where <math> E </math> is the energy, <math> h </math> is Planck's constant, <math> \nu_0 </math> is the frequency of the ground state, and <math> v</math> is the quantum number of the energy level. We can use this equation since carbon monoxide's vibrations act as a harmonic oscillator. As this is the ground state the quantum number <math> v </math> is equal to 0. <math>E = (6.62607015\times 10^{-34} m^2 kg /s) (6.425\times 10^{13} s^{-1} )</math><math> \biggl(0+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\Biggr)</math> <math> E = 2.128625036 \times 10^{-20} J </math> <math> E = 2.129 \times 10^{-20} J </math> '''c)''' In this case, the quantum number <math> v </math> is equal to 2. We can use the same equation used in b) to first solve the change in energy caused by the photon. <math> E = hv_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> <math> E = (6.62607015\times 10^{-34} m^2 kg /s) (6.425\times 10^{13} s^{-1} )</math><math> \biggl(2+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\Biggr)</math> <math> E = 1.064312518 \times10^{-19} J</math> Now that we have found the change in energy we can calculate the wavelength of the photon using the equation: <math> E = \left ( \frac{hc}{\lambda} \right )</math> Rearrange the equation to solve for λ: <math> \lambda = \left ( \frac{hc}{E } \right )</math> <math>\lambda = \left (\frac{6.62607015\times 10^{-34} m^2 kg /s\times 2.99792458\times10^{10}cm/s} {1.064312518\times10^{-19} J } \right )</math> <math>\lambda = 1.86641219\times10^{-4} cm</math> Convert the wavelength to nm. <math> \lambda = 1.86641219\times10^{-4} cm \times \left ( \frac{1 nm}{1\times10^{-7}cm} \right ) </math> <math> \lambda = 1866.41219 nm </math> {{BookCat}} oquuakqs2e99xua207ykpfxt7jjsvm6 4442400 4442399 2024-10-24T21:25:20Z 142.122.101.212 4442400 wikitext text/x-wiki Write an example problem related to the conversion between wavelength, frequency, energy and wavenumber of electromagnetic radiation. Show each step in detail and explain the conversion. == Example: Carbon monoxide shows a sharp peak in its IR spectrum at 2143 cm<sup>-1</sup> == '''a)''' Calculate the frequency and wavelength of the molecule's vibration. '''b)''' Calculate the energy of carbon monoxide at its ground state. '''c)''' Calculate the wavelength of a photon that excites an electron from the ground state up 2 levels. == Solutions == '''a)''' The example gives us the wavenumber which can be converted to frequency through the equation: <math> \nu= \tilde{\nu} \times c</math> where <math> \nu</math> is the frequency, <math> \tilde{\nu}</math> is the wavenumber and <math> c </math> is the speed of light. <math>\nu = (2143cm^{-1})\times(2.99792458\times10^{10}cm/s)</math> <math>\nu = 6.424552375\times10^{13}s^{-1}</math> Convert to Hz <math>\nu = 64.25THz</math> To find the wavelength of the vibration we can use the equation: <math> \tilde{\nu} = \frac{1}{\lambda} </math> where <math> \lambda</math> is the wavelength. This equation can be rearranged to solve for wavelength: <math> \lambda= \frac{1}{\tilde{\nu}} </math> <math> \lambda= \frac{1}{2143 cm^{-1}} </math> <math> \lambda =4.6663555\times10^{-4}cm </math> This should be converted to nm since wavelength is typically written in nm. <math> \lambda=4.666356\times10^{-4}cm \times {1nm \over(1\times10^{-7} cm)} </math> <math> \lambda=4.666\times10^{3}nm </math> '''b)''' To find the energy of a molecule at its ground state we can use the equation: <math> E = h\nu_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> where <math> E </math> is the energy, <math> h </math> is Planck's constant, <math> \nu_0 </math> is the frequency of the ground state, and <math> v</math> is the quantum number of the energy level. We can use this equation since carbon monoxide's vibrations act as a harmonic oscillator. As this is the ground state the quantum number <math> v </math> is equal to 0. <math>E = (6.62607015\times 10^{-34} m^2 kg /s) (6.425\times 10^{13} s^{-1} )</math><math> \biggl(0+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\Biggr)</math> <math> E = 2.128625036 \times 10^{-20} J </math> <math> E = 2.129 \times 10^{-20} J </math> '''c)''' We can use the same equation used in b) to first solve the change in energy caused by the photon.In this case, the quantum number <math> v </math> is equal to 2. <math> E = hv_0 \biggl(v+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\biggr)</math> <math> E = (6.62607015\times 10^{-34} m^2 kg /s) (6.425\times 10^{13} s^{-1} )</math><math> \biggl(2+\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )\Biggr)</math> <math> E = 1.064312518 \times10^{-19} J</math> Now that we have found the change in energy we can calculate the wavelength of the photon using the equation: <math> E = \left ( \frac{hc}{\lambda} \right )</math> Rearrange the equation to solve for λ: <math> \lambda = \left ( \frac{hc}{E } \right )</math> <math>\lambda = \left (\frac{6.62607015\times 10^{-34} m^2 kg /s\times 2.99792458\times10^{10}cm/s} {1.064312518\times10^{-19} J } \right )</math> <math>\lambda = 1.86641219\times10^{-4} cm</math> Convert the wavelength to nm. <math> \lambda = 1.86641219\times10^{-4} cm \times \left ( \frac{1 nm}{1\times10^{-7}cm} \right ) </math> <math> \lambda = 1866.41219 nm </math> {{BookCat}} ptusrgbfc3kjjtx4ga3t257rafdvtjt The Linux Kernel/Debugging 0 462887 4442351 4442254 2024-10-24T13:00:38Z Conan 3188 /* Tracing and logging */ trace-cmd 4442351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Debugging Linux kernel}} == Performance == There are many factors that can affect the performance of the Linux kernel, including hardware configurations, software configurations, and workload characteristics. In this context, performance optimization of the Linux kernel involves identifying and addressing performance {{w|Bottleneck (software)|bottlenecks}} in the system. This can involve tuning kernel parameters, optimizing system resources, and identifying and fixing bugs and other issues that may be impacting performance. Given the complexity of the Linux kernel and the wide range of factors that can affect performance, performance optimization can be a challenging task. However, with the right tools and techniques, it is possible to significantly improve the performance and reliability of Linux-based systems. === Perf_events === {{w|perf (Linux)|Perf_events}}, short for performance events, is a powerful interface that provides detailed insights into the performance characteristics of software running on a system. By analyzing the data collected by perf_events, developers can identify performance bottlenecks and optimize software to improve performance and reduce resource utilization. Perf_events is designed to be a lightweight, low-overhead monitoring solution that has minimal impact on system performance. 🔧 TODO ⚲ Interfaces : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf}} &ndash; performance analysis tools <!-- generated with man -k perf | grep ^perf- | sed -n 's%\([^ ]*\) (\(.\+\)) \W\+\(.*\)%:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|\2|\1}} \– \3%p' --> : Basic commands: :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-help}} &ndash; display help information about perf :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-top}} &ndash; System profiling tool. :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-record}} &ndash; Run a command and record its profile into perf.data :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-report}} &ndash; Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display the profile : Other commands: :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-annotate}} &ndash; Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display annotated code :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-archive}} &ndash; Create archive with object files with build-ids found ... :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-arm-spe}} &ndash; Support for Arm Statistical Profiling Extension within... :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-bench}} &ndash; General framework for benchmark suites :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-buildid-cache}} &ndash; Manage build-id cache. :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-buildid-list}} &ndash; List the buildids in a perf.data file :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-c2c}} &ndash; Shared Data C2C/HITM Analyzer. :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-config}} &ndash; Get and set variables in a configuration file. :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-daemon}} &ndash; Run record sessions on background :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-data}} &ndash; Data file related processing :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-diff}} &ndash; Read perf.data files and display the differential profile :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-dlfilter}} &ndash; Filter sample events using a dynamically loaded shared... :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-evlist}} &ndash; List the event names in a perf.data file :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-ftrace}} &ndash; simple wrapper for kernel's ftrace functionality :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-inject}} &ndash; Filter to augment the events stream with additional in... :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-intel-pt}} &ndash; Support for Intel Processor Trace within perf tools :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-iostat}} &ndash; Show I/O performance metrics :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-kallsyms}} &ndash; Searches running kernel for symbols :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-kmem}} &ndash; Tool to trace/measure kernel memory properties :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-kvm}} &ndash; Tool to trace/measure kvm guest os :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-kwork}} &ndash; Tool to trace/measure kernel work properties (latencies) :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-list}} &ndash; List all symbolic event types :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-lock}} &ndash; Analyze lock events :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-mem}} &ndash; Profile memory accesses :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-probe}} &ndash; Define new dynamic tracepoints :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-sched}} &ndash; Tool to trace/measure scheduler properties (latencies) :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-script}} &ndash; Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display tr... ::: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-script-perl}} &ndash; Process trace data with a Perl script ::: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-script-python}} &ndash; Process trace data with a Python script :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-stat}} &ndash; Run a command and gather performance counter statistics :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-test}} &ndash; Runs sanity tests. :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-timechart}} &ndash; Tool to visualize total system behavior during a workload :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-trace}} &ndash; strace inspired tool :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-version}} &ndash; display the version of perf binary ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|perf_event_open}} &ndash; sets up performance monitoring : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/perf_event.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/perf}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/perf_event.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/events/core.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/profile.c}} &ndash; simple profiling 📖 References : {{w|perf (Linux)|perf}} &ndash; instruments CPU performance counters, tracepoints, kprobes, and uprobes : https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/ 📚 Further reading : [https://www.brendangregg.com/perf.html perf Examples] : [https://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver/projects/perf_events/ The Unofficial Linux Perf Events Web-Page] --------------- 🛠️ Utilities : {{w|Performance Co-Pilot}}, https://pcp.io/ &ndash; Performance Co-Pilot : {{w|Prometheus (software)|Prometheus}}, https://prometheus.io/ : https://github.com/redhat-nfvpe/container-perf-tools : https://github.com/brendangregg/perf-tools &ndash; performance analysis tools based on Linux perf_events (aka perf) and ftrace : [https://linux.die.net/man/1/readprofile readprofile] &ndash; a tool to read kernel profiling information 📚 Further reading : [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Reference/stress-ng stress-ng] &ndash; exercises various kernel interfaces : http://trac.gateworks.com/wiki/linux/profiling : [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux_for_real_time/9/html/optimizing_rhel_9_for_real_time_for_low_latency_operation/assembly_analyzing-application-performance_optimizing-rhel9-for-real-time-for-low-latency-operation Analyzing application performance in RHEL 9] : [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/monitoring_and_managing_system_status_and_performance/index Monitoring and managing system status and performance in RHEL 9] : [[Embedded_Systems/Linux#Real-time|Real-time Linux]] == User space debug interfaces == ⚲ Interfaces : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|dmesg}} &ndash; prints or control the kernel ring buffer :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syslog}} &ndash; system call, which is used to control the kernel printk() buffer : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|strace}} &ndash; system calls and signals tracing tool :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ptrace}} &ndash; process trace system call : {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|klogctl}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|core}} : /sys/kernel/debug/ &ndash; {{w|debugfs}} : dmesg --console-level <level> : gdb /usr/src/linux/vmlinux /proc/kcore : /proc/self/stack : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|dynamic|admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.html}} debug :: <big>⌨️</big> hands-on: :: echo "module atkbd +pfl" | sudo tee /sys/kernel/debug/dynamic_debug/control ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/id|handle_sysrq}} 📚 '''References''' : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Development tools for the kernel|dev-tools}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|DebugFS|filesystems/debugfs.html}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/qmi/qmi_sample_client.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kprobe-based Event Tracing|trace/kprobetrace.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Dynamic debug|admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks|admin-guide/sysrq.html}} : {{w|Magic SysRq key}} == Tracing and logging == ⚲ API: '''User-space interface:''' : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|dmesg}} &ndash; prints or control the kernel ring buffer :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syslog}} &ndash; system call, which is used to control the kernel printk() buffer : /proc/kmsg : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|trace-cmd}} &ndash; interacts with Ftrace Linux kernel internal tracer /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/ '''Most common functions''' : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/printk.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_devel}}- conditional debug-level message :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_debug}}- conditional debug-level or {{The Linux Kernel/doc|dynamic|admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.html}} message ::: <big>⌨️</big> hands-on: ::: echo "module atkbd +pfl" | sudo tee /sys/kernel/debug/dynamic_debug/control :: Log messages with other levels: ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_info}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_notice}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_warn}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_err}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_crit}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_alert}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_emerg}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/bug.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|WARN_ON}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|WARN}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/id|printk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/printk/printk.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/traps.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/dump_stack.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/trace}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|scripts/tracing/draw_functrace.py}} : {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|logging}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|tracing}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/ftrace}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/trace_events}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/trace_printk}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/instrumentation.h}} 📚 '''References''': : [https://elinux.org/Debugging_by_printing Debugging by printing] : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Message logging with printk|core-api/printk-basics.html}} : {{w|SystemTap}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|stap}} &ndash; systemtap script translator/driver : {{w|strace}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|strace}} &ndash; trace system calls and signals : {{w|LTTng}} : {{w|ftrace}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Tracing Technologies|trace}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Tracepoint Analysis|trace/tracepoint-analysis.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Function Tracer|trace/ftrace.html}} &ndash; function, latency and event tracing ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Event Tracing|trace/events.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Using ftrace to hook to functions|trace/ftrace-uses.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Fprobe - Function entry/exit probe|trace/fprobe.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kprobes|trace/kprobes.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kprobe-based Event Tracing|trace/kprobetrace.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Uprobe-tracer: Uprobe-based Event Tracing|trace/uprobetracer.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Using the Linux Kernel Tracepoints|trace/tracepoints.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Subsystem Trace Points: kmem|trace/events-kmem.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Subsystem Trace Points: power|trace/events-power.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NMI Trace Events|trace/events-nmi.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|In-kernel memory-mapped I/O tracing|trace/mmiotrace.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Event Histograms|trace/histogram.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Histogram Design Notes|trace/histogram-design.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot-time tracing|trace/boottime-trace.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hardware Latency Detector|trace/hwlat_detector.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Intel(R) Trace Hub (TH)|trace/intel_th.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Lockless Ring Buffer Design|trace/ring-buffer-design.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|System Trace Module|trace/stm.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CoreSight - ARM Hardware Trace|trace/coresight}} '''🔧 TODO. 🚀 advanced features''' : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kmemleak.h}} &ndash; memory leak detector : {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_cont}}- continues a previous log message in the same line : {{The Linux Kernel/id|print_hex_dump_bytes}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|print_hex_dump_debug}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dump_stack}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PRINTK_CALLER}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO}} : https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/libs/libtrace/ == kgdb and kdb == ⚲ Interfaces : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kgdb.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kdb.h}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/debug}} 📚 '''References''' : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Using kgdb, kdb and the kernel debugger internals|dev-tools/kgdb.html}} : {{w|kdump (Linux)|kdump}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|kdump|admin-guide/kdump}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|crash}} &ndash; Analyze Linux crash dump data or a live system == {{w|eBPF}} == ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|bpf}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/bpf/syscall.c}} 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|eBPF and BPF|bpf}} 📚 Further reading : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|bpf-helpers}} : [https://www.brendangregg.com/ebpf.html Linux Extended BPF (eBPF) Tracing Tools] : [https://github.com/iovisor/bpftrace bpftrace &ndash; High-level tracing language for Linux eBPF] : [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc#tools BCC &ndash; Tools for BPF-based Linux IO analysis, networking, monitoring, and more] :: [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/tools/trace_example.txt Example] of [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/tools/trace.py trace.py] : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|stapbpf}} : [https://medium.com/@zone24x7_inc/ebpf-programming-for-linux-kernel-tracing-30364dde3fb7 eBPF Programming for Linux Kernel Tracing] : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|lockdep - Runtime locking correctness validator|locking/lockdep-design.html}} == Watchdogs == [[../Softdog Driver]] {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_watchdog}} &ndash; network device watchdog The NMI watchdog lockup detectors: ⚲ API : /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog : /proc/sys/kernel/soft_watchdog : /proc/sys/kernel/watchdog : /proc/sys/kernel/watchdog_cpumask : /proc/sys/kernel/watchdog_thresh : /proc/sys/kernel/hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace : /proc/sys/kernel/hardlockup_panic : /proc/sys/kernel/softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace : /proc/sys/kernel/softlockup_panic : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nmi.h}} 👁️ Example : {{The Linux Kernel/source|./lib/test_lockup.c}} &ndash; test module to generate lockups Provoke NMI watchdog without panic: echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hardlockup_panic insmod test_lockup.ko disable_irq=1 time_secs=13 ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/watchdog.c}} &ndash; detects hard and soft lockups on a system : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/watchdog_perf.c}} &ndash; detects hard lockups on a system using perf : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/watchdog_buddy.c}} 📚 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Documentation for /proc/sys/kernel/|admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Softlockup detector and hardlockup detector (aka nmi_watchdog)|admin-guide/lockup-watchdogs.html}} : kernel parameters: :: {{The Linux Kernel/param|nmi_watchdog|nmi_watchdog}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/param|nowatchdog|nowatchdog%09}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/param|nosoftlockup|nosoftlockup}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/param|softlockup_panic|softlockup_panic}} <hr> ==...== ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/traps.c}} 📖 References for debugging : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Ramoops oops/panic logger|admin-guide/ramoops.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|pstore block oops/panic logger|admin-guide/pstore-blk.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Fault injection|fault-injection}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Bisecting a bug|admin-guide/bug-bisect.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Development tools for the kernel|dev-tools}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/tracepoint.h}} 📚 Further reading : https://drgn.readthedocs.io/ &ndash; programmable debugger : https://crash-utility.github.io/ : https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Debugging : [[Linux Applications Debugging Techniques]] {{BookCat}} t5s9o8i8ai6ti3zymfbqfmtn84ny6tb Theory of Formal Languages, Automata, and Computation/Properties of Language Classes 0 465256 4442433 4419567 2024-10-24T23:06:25Z AIProf 554038 /* Decision Properties of RE languages */ 4442433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nav}}[[File:Comprehensive_Language_Hierarchy.png|thumb|'''Figure LanguageHierarchy:''' The languages classes studied thus far, but with a few references on some of the topics to come, most notably algorithm complexity and more on undecidability.]] A comprehensive picture of the hierarchy of language classes is shown in '''Figure LanguageHierarchy''', along with the briefest reference to concepts and factoids that have been covered. It is intended as a reference that can be reviewed quickly to good effect, possibly before an exam, or perhaps years later to confirm a fleeting memory. == Kinds of Properties == A property of a ''given language'' is a statement or predicate that is true of the language. Suppose the language is the set of prime numbers. One property is that there is an algorithm for recognizing any input as a prime number or not. That is, the language of prime numbers is recursive. We've spent a lot of time on such properties -- that a language is in a class of languages, or that a particular language includes a particular string or not. We've covered other properties of specific languages too, perhaps only briefly, such as the property that a given language is ''inherently ambiguous'' or not. A property of a ''language class'' is a statement or predicate that is true of all members of the class. We have not spent much time thus far on properties of language classes, other than definitional properties, which we discuss below. === Closure Properties === To preview one example, lets consider the class of CFLs. ∀<sub>L</sub> L <math>\in</math> CFLs → P(L), where L is a language and P is a property. A property of the CFLs is that if L is a CFL then L<sup>*</sup> is a CFL. This is an example of a ''closure property'' -- that the CFLs are closed under Kleene Closure, aka repetition. As another example of a closure property, again of the CFL class, ∀<sub>L1</sub>,<sub>L2</sub> (L<sub>1</sub> <math>\in</math> CFLs ∧ L<sub>2</sub> <math>\in</math> CFLs) → R(L<sub>1</sub>, L<sub>2</sub>), where L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are languages and R is a property, such as union: if L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are CFLs then L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> is a CFL; the CFLs are closed under union. [[File:ClosurePropertiesSummary.png|left|thumb|'''Figure ClosurePropertiesSummary:''' Closure properties of language classes. A check <math>\checkmark</math>in a cell indicates that the language class in the corresponding column is closed under the operation of the corresponding row. No check in a cell indicates that the language class is not closed under the operation.]] But if we say that a property does not hold for a language class, such as the CFLs, this means that the property is not true of all CFLs, or equivalently, there exists a CFL for which the property does not hold. That is, for CFLs, ¬(∀<sub>L</sub> L <math>\in</math> CFLs → P(L)) ≡ ∃<sub>L</sub> ¬(L <math>\not\in</math> CFLs <math>\lor</math> P(L)) ≡ ∃<sub>L</sub> L <math>\in</math> CFLs <math>\land</math> ¬P(L)), where L is a language and P is a property. For example, if L is a CFL, then L's complement, <math>\bar{L}</math>, is not necessarily a CFL; the CFLs are not closed under complement, or put another way, the class of CFLs does not possess the closed-under-complement property. Its important to recognize that this is a statement about a ''class'' of languages, the CFLs, not a statement about a particular language. Thus, its not inconsistent to say that the class of CFLs do not possess the closed-under-complement property, but that the complement of a particular CFL is also a CFL. We have talked extensively about certain definitional properties of various language classes already -- the type of grammar that generates languages in the class, the kind of automata that recognize them, and other representations and patterns of languages in the class (e.g., as stated in the Pumping Lemma). These are all examples of definitional properties of selected language classes. A new focus in this chapter is closure properties (or not) of language classes. This text focuses on six closure properties, but there are many other closure properties that are addressed in other texts. A preview of our coverage is shown in '''Figure ClosurePropertiesSummary'''. === Decision Properties === In addition to closure properties, we will also discuss selected ''decision properties'' in this chapter. A decision property corresponds to a yes/no question about a language class that is decidable in all cases. We have already covered in considerable detail, for example, membership decision properties. Every language class we have studied, except RE, has the decision property that a test of membership in a language of the class is an algorithm. A test of membership is decidable for regular languages, DCFLs, CFLs, CSLs, and ''recursive'' languages, and thus each of those classes has the test-of-membership decision property. The ''recursively enumerable'' languages generally, notably to include those languages that are not ''recursive'', do not have the test-of-membership decision property because the question of membership of an arbitrary ''recursively enumerable'' language is undecidable. We've spent so much time on this question already that we don't repeat the analysis in discussing each language class in this chapter, but we do include it in the summary of decision properties in '''Figure DecisionPropertiesSummary'''. Recall that a question is decidable if there exists a TM (or computer program) that given a requisite number of language specifications (e.g., as grammars or automata) as input, and correctly answers the question for which the TM was designed to answer. As yet another example of a decision property, in this case of the regular languages, recall we have already sketched an algorithm for answering whether two regular languages, as represented finitely through DFAs, NFAs, RegExps, or RGs, are the same language. So if we are given a RegExp that represents a language and an NFA that represents a language, then clearly the languages represented by each are regular, and we can translate each language specification into a DFA, minimize each of the resulting DFAs, and see if the two minimal state DFAs are identical, aside from state names. This process can be implemented as a TM or computer program that correctly answers whether its two input language specifications represent the same language or not. In my example I seemed to suggest that the inputs can be different in form -- one as an RegExp and one as a NFA -- but for purposes of implementation we could insist on both inputs as RegExps, or both as NFAs, or both as DFAs, or both as RGs; or we could use TMs as the way we represent all languages that are input to decision questions. The ''class of regular languages has the property that the question of equivalence is decidable'' because we can test for equivalence by using a single correct TM for all (pairs of) regular languages that are inputs to the TM. In contrast, if we say that a decision question is undecidable for a class of languages then that means that there does not exist a TM that correctly answers the question (and halts) for all languages in the class. For example, it is undecidable whether two CFLs, as represented finitely by CFGs or PDAs, or TMs, are the same language. But we want to be careful about language here. We've said earlier that a property of a class of languages is a statement that is true of all languages in the class. So rather than saying that <s>the ''class of CFLs has the property that the question of equivalence is undecidable''</s>'','' which you might see in some sources, we'll say that ''the class of CFLs does not have the property of decidability on the question of equivalence''. This is consistent with the discussion on closure properties as well. It is still the case that particular pairs of CFL specifications can be shown to be equivalent using a TM created to answer the equivalence questions for CFLs, but no TM can be found that is always correct and always halts. As with closure properties we will only reference a limited number of decision properties, though when we reach the RE languages we will describe Rice's theorem and its astounding conclusion that an infinite number of decision questions are undecidable in the case of the RE languages generally. == Properties of Regular Languages == If we want to show that a language is regular it will be possible to construct an FA, regular expression, or regular grammar that demonstrably represents the language, perhaps verified by a proof by induction or contradiction. A construction argument, whether followed by an auxiliary proof or not, often represents a kind of gold standard of demonstration. === Closure Properties of Regular Languages === Closure properties can also be used to show a language, L, is regular (or in some other class of languages for that matter). We can do this by applying transformations known to preserve regularity to a language, X, known to be regular (e.g., by construction), until reaching the target language, L, thus demonstrating that X <math>\in</math> RL <math>\rightarrow</math> L <math>\in</math> RL. In addition, closure properties can be handy in showing that a language, L, is ''not'' regular, by applying transformations known to preserve regularity to L, until a language, X, is derived that is known through some other demonstration to ''not'' be regular. Thus, the original language, L, must not have been regular either (i.e., demonstrating X <math>\not\in</math> RL <math>\rightarrow</math> L <math>\not\in</math> RL). The regular languages are closed under * Complement * Union * Intersection * Concatenation * Repetition or Kleene Closure * Substitution It will be interesting to compare the closure properties of the regular languages with those closure properties of more inclusive languages – context free, context sensitive, and unrestricted. ==== Regular Languages are closed under Complement ==== '''Theorem:''' If L is a regular language then the complement of L, <math>\bar{L}</math>, is regular. Since L is regular, there is a DFA, M, that recognizes L. Construct the DFA for <math>\bar{L}</math>, call it <math>\bar{M}</math>, by simultaneously changing all accepting states in M to non-accepting states, and changing all non-accepting states in M to accepting states. If <math>\bar{M}</math> accepts a string w then w must have taken a path to an accepting state of <math>\bar{M}</math>, which was a non-accepting state in M, so w is not in L. If <math>\bar{M}</math> did not accept a string w then w must have taken a path to a non-accepting state of <math>\bar{M}</math>, which was an accepting state in M, so w is in L. ==== Regular Languages are closed under Union ==== '''Theorem:''' If L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are both regular languages, then L<sub>1</sub><math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> is a regular language. Since L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are each regular languages, there are DFAs M<sub>1</sub> and M<sub>2</sub>, respectively, that recognize each. Construct an NFA with <math>\varepsilon</math> transitions, M<sub>1<math>\cup</math>2</sub>, for L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> as follows. * Create copies of M<sub>1</sub> and M<sub>2</sub>, call the copies M<sub>1</sub>' and M<sub>2</sub>'. * Create a start state for M<sub>1<math>\cup</math>2</sub>, and add <math>\varepsilon</math> transitions from that start state to each of the start states of M<sub>1</sub>' and M<sub>2</sub>'. * Create a single accepting state for M<sub>1<math>\cup</math>2</sub>, and add an <math>\varepsilon</math> transition for each of the accepting states of M<sub>1</sub>' and of M<sub>2</sub>' to the accepting state of M<sub>1<math>\cup</math>2</sub>. * Change the accepting states of M<sub>1</sub>' and M<sub>2</sub>' to non-accepting states. M<sub>1<math>\cup</math>2</sub> is an NFA that recognizes L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> and thus L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> is a regular language. ==== Regular Languages are closed under Intersection ==== [[File:DFAofIntersection.png|thumb|'''Figure DFAofIntersection:''' The language {0<sup>m</sup><nowiki> | m is evenly divisible by 2 and evenly divisible by 3} is regular.</nowiki>]] '''Theorem:''' If L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are both regular languages, then L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cap</math> L<sub>2</sub> is a regular language. Suppose L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are regular languages over alphabet Σ. Then L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cap</math> L<sub>2</sub> is regular. This must be so since L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cap</math> L<sub>2</sub> = ~(~L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> ~L<sub>2</sub>) and the regular languages are closed under complement and union. But we can also directly construct a DFA that accepts L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cap</math> L<sub>2</sub> from the DFAs that must exist for L<sub>1</sub> (M<sub>1</sub> = (Q<sub>1</sub>, Σ , <math>\delta</math><sub>1</sub>, q<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>1</sub>)) and L<sub>2</sub> (M<sub>2</sub> = (Q<sub>2</sub>, Σ , <math>\delta</math><sub>2</sub>, q<sub>2</sub>, F<sub>2</sub>)), respectively. The following is adapted from (pp. 59-60, <ref name="Hopcroft1979">Hopcroft, John E., Ullman, Jeffrey D. (1979). Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.</ref>; p. 137, <ref name="Hopcroft2007">Hopcroft, John E., Motwani, Rajeev, Ullman, Jeffrey D. (2007). Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation 3rd Edition. Pearson Education, Inc/Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.</ref>). M<sub>1∩2</sub> = (Q<sub>1</sub>×Q<sub>2</sub>, Σ, <math>\delta</math> , [q<sub>1,</sub> q<sub>2</sub> ], F<sub>1</sub>×F<sub>2</sub>) that accepts L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cap</math> L<sub>2</sub>. For each pair of states from M<sub>1</sub> and M<sub>2</sub> respectively, define a state in M<sub>1∩2</sub> . For each of these pairs of states, on each symbol ''a'' in Σ, define a transition in M<sub>1∩2</sub>                                                                           <math>\delta</math>([q<sub>1i,</sub> q<sub>2k</sub> ], ''a'') = [<math>\delta</math><sub>1</sub>(q<sub>1i</sub>, ''a''), <math>\delta</math><sub>2</sub>(q<sub>2k</sub>, ''a'')] As an example, consider {0<sup>m</sup> | m is evenly divisible by 2 and evenly divisible by 3}. Its easy to build a DFA that accepts an even number of 0s, and its easy to build a DFA that accepts an integer multiple of 3 number of 0s. A DFA for their intersection is shown in '''Figure DFAofIntersection''', and thus the intersection of the two regular languages is thus regular. ==== Regular Languages are closed under Concatenation ==== '''Theorem:''' If L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are both regular languages, then L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub> is a regular language. The concatenation of languages L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub>, written L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub>, is {w<sub>1</sub>w<sub>2</sub> | w<sub>1j</sub> <math>\in</math> L<sub>1</sub> and w<sub>2k</sub> <math>\in</math> L<sub>2</sub>}. That is, any word from L<sub>1</sub> followed immediately by any word of L<sub>2</sub>, is a string in the language of the concatenation. Since L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are each regular languages, there are DFAs M<sub>1</sub> and M<sub>2</sub>, respectively, that recognize each. Construct an NFA M<sub>12</sub> with <math>\varepsilon</math> transitions by * copying M<sub>1</sub> and M<sub>2</sub> , call them M<sub>1</sub>' and M<sub>2</sub>', * make the start state of M<sub>12</sub> be the start state of M<sub>1</sub>', * make the accepting states of M<sub>12</sub> be the accepting states of M<sub>2</sub>', * connect M<sub>1</sub>' and M<sub>2</sub>' by adding an <math>\varepsilon</math> transition from each accepting state of M<sub>1</sub>' to the start state of M<sub>2</sub>', and * change every accepting state in M<sub>1</sub>' to be a non-accepting state. M<sub>12</sub> is an NFA that recognizes L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub> and thus L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub> is a regular language. As a matter of interest and subsequent utility, we can extend concatenation to a sequence of more than two languages, so that L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub>...L<sub>m</sub> = {w<sub>1</sub>w<sub>2</sub>...w<sub>m</sub> | w<sub>1j</sub> <math>\in</math> L<sub>1</sub> and w<sub>2k</sub> <math>\in</math> L<sub>2</sub> and ... and w<sub>mi</sub> <math>\in</math> L<sub>m</sub>}. ==== Regular Languages are closed under Kleene Closure ==== '''Theorem:''' If L is a regular language then L* is a regular language. We introduced Kleene closure in defining regular expressions, and also called it the repetition operator. The Kleene closure of a language L, L*, equals {w<sub>1</sub>w<sub>2</sub>w<sub>3</sub>...w<sub>m</sub> | for all m <math>\geq</math> 0 and each w<sub>k</sub> <math>\in</math> L}. That is, strings in L* are each a concatenation of an indefinite number of strings from L. If L is a regular language then there is a DFA, M, that recognizes it. To construct an NFA with <math>\varepsilon</math> transitions that recognizes L*, * copy M as M', * add an <math>\varepsilon</math> transition from each accepting state to M' to the existing start state of M', * add a new start state to M' with an <math>\varepsilon</math> transition to the original start state of M', and * make the new start state of M' an accepting state as well (so that the NFA accepts the empty string). The resulting NFA accepts L* and so L* is a regular language. ==== '''Regular Languages are closed under Substitution''' ==== Substitution is the most complicated of the operations that we will consider. Suppose L is a language, regular or not, over alphabet Σ. Suppose further that for each symbol in Σ, x<sub>k</sub>, we associate a language Lx<sub>k</sub>. We will speak of the substitution operation, ''Subst'', as being applied to each symbol of Σ, to each string of L, and to L itself. If x<sub>k</sub> is a symbol in Σ then Subst(x<sub>k</sub>) is the strings in Lx<sub>k</sub>, i.e., simply Lx<sub>k</sub> itself. If w = a<sub>1</sub>a<sub>2</sub>...a<sub>m</sub> is a string in L, then Subst(w) = Subst(a<sub>1</sub>)Subst(a<sub>2</sub>)...Subst(a<sub>m</sub>), that is Subst(w) is the concatenation of the languages (see above) associated with the various symbols in w. Finally, Subst(L) = {Subst(w) <math>\mid</math> w <math>\in</math> L}, that is Subst(L) is the set of strings resulting from the substitution applied too all strings in L. Importantly, the alphabets for the various languages, L and the Lx<sub>k</sub>'s don't have too be the same. The alphabet for the language Subst(L) is the union of the alphabets of all the Lx<sub>k</sub> languages, and that alphabet may or may not share any symbols with the alphabet of L. If L is the set of strings of 0s and 1s with at least two consecutive 0s, and L<sub>0</sub> = {w <math>\mid</math> w matches (<math>\S</math>+<math>\aleph</math>)<sup>+</sup>} and L<sub>1</sub> = {<math>\varepsilon</math>, a, ba} then Subst(0) = L<sub>0</sub> = {w <math>\mid</math> w matches (<math>\S</math>+<math>\aleph</math>)<sup>+</sup>} and Subst(1) = L<sub>1</sub> = {<math>\varepsilon</math>, a, ba} . Subst(100) = {w <math>\mid</math> w in Subst(1)Subst(0)Subst(0)} = {<math>\S</math>, <math>\S</math><math>\aleph</math>, <math>\aleph</math><math>\S</math>, <math>\aleph</math>, a<math>\S</math>, a<math>\S</math><math>\aleph</math>, a<math>\aleph</math><math>\S</math>, a<math>\aleph</math>, ba<math>\S</math>, ba<math>\S</math><math>\aleph</math>, ..., a<math>\aleph</math><math>\S</math><math>\aleph</math><math>\S</math><math>\aleph</math>, ...}. That is, Subst(100) is all possible ways of drawing a string from L<sub>1</sub>, i.e., {<math>\varepsilon</math>, a, ba}, followed by two draws from L<sub>0</sub> = {w <math>\mid</math> w matches (<math>\S</math>+<math>\aleph</math>)<sup>+</sup>}. Subst(L) is the set of strings over an alphabet of {a,b,<math>\S</math>,<math>\aleph</math>} where each b must followed immediately by an 'a' (why?), and there must be at least one consecutive pair of <math>\S</math> and/or <math>\aleph</math> (why?). '''Theorem:''' If L is a regular language over an alphabet Σ and for each symbol, x<sub>k</sub> in Σ, there is an associated regular language Lx<sub>k</sub>, then Subst(L) is a regular language. If L and all Lx<sub>k</sub>'s are regular languages then there are DFAs that recognize L and each of the Lx<sub>k</sub>'s. Call these DFAs M (for L) and Mx<sub>k</sub> (for each Lx<sub>k</sub>). To construct an NFA with <math>\varepsilon</math> transitions for Subst(L), do as follows. * Make a copy of M called M' * For each transition in M' from state q<sub>i</sub> to q<sub>j</sub> on input symbol x<sub>k</sub>, splice in the DFA for Lx<sub>k</sub>, by ** make a copy of each Mx<sub>k</sub>, call it Mx<sub>k</sub>' ** add an <math>\varepsilon</math> transition from q<sub>i</sub> to the start state of Mx<sub>k</sub>' ** add an <math>\varepsilon</math> transition from each accepting state of Mx<sub>k</sub>' to q<sub>j</sub>. The resulting NFA recognizes Subst(L) and thus Subst(L) is a regular language. === Decision Properties of Regular Languages === The decision properties of the regular languages include * equivalence test of languages * test for emptiness of a language * test for all strings over an alphabet ==== Equivalence test of two regular languages is decidable ==== '''Theorem:''' If L<sub>1</sub> is a regular language and L<sub>2</sub> is a regular language then there is an algorithm that determines whether L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are the same language. We described the proof sketch above under Kinds_of_properties/Decision_properties and do not repeat that here. ==== Test of whether a regular language is empty is decidable ==== '''Theorem:''' If L is a regular language then there is an algorithm that determines whether L is the empty language ({ } or <math>\phi</math>). There is a unique minimal-state DFA over an alphabet, Σ, that accepts the empty language -- it is a DFA with only one state, which is a '''''non-accepting''''' state, and all transitions for all alphabet members loop back to that one state. Given a finite representation of a regular language use the same process as described earlier of translating the input to a DFA, minimize the DFA, and see if its identical to the single-state DFA just described. If the DFAs are identical then L is empty, else its not empty. ==== Test of whether a regular language is Σ* is decidable ==== '''Theorem:''' If L is a regular language then there is an algorithm that determines whether L is Σ*. Do very much as described immediately above with one small change. There is a unique minimal-state DFA over an alphabet, Σ, that accepts Σ* -- it is a DFA with only one state, which is an '''''accepting''''' state, and all transitions for all alphabet members loop back to that one state. Given a finite representation of a regular language translate the input to a DFA, minimize the DFA, and see if its identical to the single-state DFA just described. If the DFAs are identical then L is Σ*, else its not. == Properties of Deterministic Context Free Languages == === Closure Properties of DCFLs === === Decision Properties of DCFLs === == Properties of Context Free Languages == === Closure Properties of CFLs === The CFLs are closed under * Union * Concatenation * Kleene Closure * Substitution In contrast to the regular languages, the CFLs are not closed under complementation and the CFLs are not closed under intersection. ==== CFLs are closed under Union ==== '''Theorem:''' If L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are both CFLs, then L<sub>1</sub><math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> is a CFL. If L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are CFLs then each has an associated CFG, G<sub>L1</sub> and G<sub>L2</sub>, that generates the respective languages. Assume that the names of the variables in the two CFGs are disjoint (so no possibility of confusion). To construct a CFG for L<sub>1</sub><math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub>, call it G<sub>L1<math>\cup</math> L2</sub>, create a new start symbol, S<sub>L1<math>\cup</math> L2</sub>, with two associated productions, one to the start symbol of G<sub>L1</sub> and one to the start symbol of G<sub>L2</sub> (i.e., add S<sub>L1<math>\cup</math> L2</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> S<sub>L1</sub> <math>\mid</math> S<sub>L2</sub>). G<sub>L1<math>\cup</math> L2</sub> is a CFG that generates L<sub>1</sub><math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub>, so L<sub>1</sub><math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> is a CFL. ==== CFLs are closed under Concatenation ==== '''Theorem:''' If L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are both CFLs, then L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub> is a CFL. If L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are CFLs then each has an associated CFG, G<sub>L1</sub> and G<sub>L2</sub>, that generates the respective languages. Assume that the names of the variables in the two CFGs are disjoint (so no possibility of confusion). Assume the name of the start symbol for G<sub>L1</sub> is S<sub>L1</sub> and that the name of the start symbol for G<sub>L2</sub> is S<sub>L2</sub>. To create a CFG for L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub>, create a start symbol S<sub>L1L2</sub> with a single production to S<sub>L1</sub>S<sub>L2</sub> (i.e., add S<sub>L1L2</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> S<sub>L1</sub>S<sub>L2</sub>). G<sub>L1L2</sub> is a CFG that generates L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub>, so L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub> is a CFL. ==== CFLs are closed under Kleene Closure ==== '''Theorem:''' If L is a CFLs, then L* is a CFL. We've previously used the Kleene closure or repetition operator only in reference to regular languages, but the operation applies to languages of any class. L* is the set of strings w that are composed of 0 or more concatenated substrings, w<sub>i</sub>, where each w<sub>i</sub> is a string in L. If L is a CFL then there is a CFG, G<sub>L</sub>, that generates L, with a start symbol that we'll call S<sub>L</sub>. To create a CFG for L*, create a new start symbol, call it S<sub>L*</sub>, with two productions, one to <math>\varepsilon</math> and one to S<sub>L</sub>S<sub>L*</sub>. (i.e., add S<sub>L*</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> <math>\varepsilon</math> <math>\mid</math> S<sub>L</sub>S<sub>L*</sub>). G<sub>L*</sub> is a CFG that generates L*, so L* is a CFL. ==== CFLs are closed under Substitution ==== '''Theorem:''' If L is a CFL over an alphabet Σ and for each symbol, x<sub>k</sub> in Σ, there is an associated CFL Lx<sub>k</sub>, then Subst(L) is a CFL. If L is a CFL then there is a CFG that generates L, call it G<sub>L</sub>. If all Lx<sub>k</sub>'s are CFLs then there are CFGs that generate each, call them G<sub>Lxk</sub> respectively. To create a CFG that generates Subst(L), G<sub>S(L)</sub>, replace every instance of an alphabet/terminal symbol in the productions of G<sub>L</sub> with the start symbol for the grammar of the language corresponding to that symbol, and make the productions of G<sub>S(L)</sub> be the union of all the revised productions of G<sub>L</sub> and all the productions of all the G<sub>Lxk</sub>'s. G<sub>S(L)</sub> is a CFG that generates Subst(L), so Subst(L) is a CFL. ==== CFLs are ''not'' closed under complementation ==== Intuitively, you might think that given a PDA for a language, we can just invert the accepting and non-accepting states as we did with FAs, but the added complexity of the stack makes this insufficient for showing the CFLs are closed under complement. To say that a language class is not closed under an operation, is to say that ''there exists'' at least one language (for a unary operation such as complementation) or at least two languages for a binary operation such as intersection, that don't result in a language of the specified class. So, finding such a counterexample is sufficient for showing the CFLs are not closed under complementation, for example. But finding such a counterexample can be nontrivial. How do we show that the complement of a particular CFL is not a CFL? We would have to show. that there is no CFG or PDA for it. Consider the language L = {a<sup>i</sup>b<sup>j</sup>c<sup>k</sup> | i,j,k <math>\geq</math> 0 and i <math>\neq</math> j or j <math>\neq</math> k}. '''CFG Exercise 2''' in chapter "Context Free (Type 2) Grammars and Languages" asked you to give a CFG for this language, thus demonstrating that it is a CFL. The complement of L is {anbnc<sup>n</sup> | n <math>\geq</math> 0}, which is not a CFL because ... === Decision Properties of CFLs === == Properties of Context Sensitive Languages == === Closure Properties of CSLs === The CSLs are closed under * Complement * Union * Intersection * Concatenation * Kleene Closure However, the CSLs are not closed under substitution. ==== The CSLs are closed under Complement ==== If L is a CSL then its complement, L<sup>c</sup>, is a CSL. If L is. a CSL then there is a linear bounded TM, M<sub>L</sub>, that recognizes L, and that halts on all inputs. A linear bounded TM for L<sup>c</sup> can be created that calls M<sub>L</sub> as a subroutine and that accepts if M<sub>L</sub> rejects, and that rejects if M<sub>L</sub> accepts. ==== The CSLs are closed under Union ==== If L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are CSLs then L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> is a CSL. If L1 and L2 are CSLs then there are CSGs, G<sub>L1</sub> and G<sub>L2</sub>, that generate L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> respectively. To construct a CSG to generate L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> copy all the productions G<sub>L1</sub> and G<sub>L2</sub> with variables renamed as necessary so as to not confuse variables from different grammars, and create a start symbol S<sub>L1 <math>\cup</math> L2</sub> for the new grammar, G<sub>L1 <math>\cup</math> L2</sub>, with two productions S<sub>L1 <math>\cup</math> L2</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> S<sub>L1</sub> and S<sub>L1 <math>\cup</math> L2</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> S<sub>L2</sub>. This new grammar is a CSG since the new productions are all noncontracting, and it generates L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub>. ==== The CSLs are closed under Intersection ==== If L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are CSLs then L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cap</math> L<sub>2</sub> is a CSL. ==== The CSLs are closed under Concatenation ==== If L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are CSLs then L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub> is a CSL. ==== The CSLs are closed under Kleene Closure ==== If L is a CSL then L<sup>*</sup>, is a CSL. We can say instead that L<sup>+</sup> = L* - <math>\varepsilon</math> is a CSL if it is important to exclude <math>\varepsilon</math>. ==== The CSLs are ''not'' closed under Substitution ==== A table from the first edition of Hopcroft and Ullman on closure properties of languages in the Chomsky hierarchy show that the CSLs are not closed under substitution, but the table from the second edition show that the CSLs ARE closed under substitution. === Decision Properties of CSLs === == Properties of Recursive Languages == As I have already noted under section "Turing Machines and Language Classes/Recursive languages", the definitional characteristic of the class of recursive languages is that there is a TM that recognizes the language and that is ''guaranteed to halt in both accept and reject cases''. Because of this gaurantee, recognition of a recursive language is said to be ''decidable''. We also say that the recursive languages are recognized by an algorithm. Unlike all the other language classes discussed so far, there is no class of grammar that precisely delimits the recursive languages, though of course there are grammars that generate a subset of the recursive languages, notably CSLs. === Closure Properties of Recursive Languages === The recursive languages are closed under * Complement * Union * Intersection * Concatenation * Repetition or Kleene Closure However, the recursive languages are not closed under substitution. Since there is no equivalent class of grammars for the recursive languages, all our arguments about closure (or not) of recursive languages will be based on TMs. ==== The Recursive languages are closed under Complement ==== If L is a recursive language, then there is a TM, call it M<sub>L</sub>, that recognizes L and that is guaranteed to halt for all accept cases and in all reject cases. Create a new TM, M<sub>L</sub>', that calls M<sub>L</sub> as a subroutine. If M<sub>L</sub> returns accept for a input string, then M<sub>L</sub>' returns reject. If M<sub>L</sub> returns reject for a input string, then M<sub>L</sub>' returns accept. M<sub>L</sub>' accepts the complement of L, and always halts, so the complement of L is recursive. ==== The Recursive languages are closed under Union ==== If L<sub>1</sub> is a recursive language and L<sub>2</sub> is a recursive language, then L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> is recursive. Let M<sub>L1</sub> and M<sub>L2</sub> be the TMs recognizing L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> respectively and each is gauranteed to halt. From M<sub>L1</sub> and M<sub>L2</sub> we construct an always halting TM, M<sub>L1<math>\cup</math>L2</sub> , for L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub>. Since TMs and computers are equivalent in terms of what can be computed, we represent M<sub>L1<math>\cup</math>L2</sub> in programming language pseudocode with the understanding that this can be translated to a TM. <M<sub>L1<math>\cup</math>L2</sub> , w> = BOOLEAN FUNCTION Union (M<sub>L1</sub>, M<sub>L2</sub>, w) { IF M<sub>L1</sub>(w) == accept OR M<sub>L2</sub>(w) == accept THEN RETURN accept ELSE RETURN reject} Each of the component TMs for L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> are being used as subroutines. The construction for M<sub>L1<math>\cup</math>L2</sub>'s behavior covers all conditions and is gauranteed to halt. ==== The Recursive languages are closed under Intersection ==== If L<sub>1</sub> is a recursive language and L<sub>2</sub> is a recursive language, then L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cap</math> L<sub>2</sub> is recursive. Let M<sub>L1</sub> and M<sub>L2</sub> be the TMs recognizing L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> respectively and each is gauranteed to halt. <M<sub>L1<math>\cap</math>L2</sub> , w> = BOOLEAN FUNCTION Intersection (M<sub>L1</sub>, M<sub>L2</sub>, w) { IF M<sub>L1</sub>(w) == accept AND M<sub>L2</sub>(w) == accept THEN RETURN accept ELSE RETURN reject} ==== The Recursive languages are closed under Concatenation ==== If L<sub>1</sub> is a recursive language and L<sub>2</sub> is a recursive language, then L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub> is recursive. Let M<sub>L1</sub> and M<sub>L2</sub> be the TMs recognizing L<sub>1</sub> and L<sub>2</sub> respectively and each is gauranteed to halt. At a high level, <M<sub>L1L2</sub> , w> = BOOLEAN FUNCTION Concatenation (M<sub>L1</sub>, M<sub>L2</sub>, w) { FOR each of the |w|+1 ways to partition w into xy            IF M<sub>1</sub>(x) == accept and M<sub>2</sub>(y) == accept THEN RETURN accept RETURN reject } ==== The Recursive languages are closed under Kleene Closure ==== If L is a recursive language then L* is recursive. Let M<sub>L</sub> be the TM recognizing L and that is gauranteed to halt. <M<sub>L*</sub>, w> = BOOLEAN FUNCTION Repetition (M<sub>L</sub>, w) { FOR each of the 2<sup>|w|-1</sup> ways to partition w into x<sub>1</sub>x<sub>2</sub>…x<sub>k</sub>,              IF M<sub>L</sub>(x<sub>i</sub>) == accept for all x<sub>i</sub> in x<sub>1</sub>x<sub>2</sub>…x<sub>k</sub> THEN RETURN accept // can implement as a loop RETURN reject } ==== The Recursive Languages are ''not'' closed under Substitution ==== If you are given a recursive language R, and each symbol in R’s alphabet corresponds to a recursive language too, then the language that results from applying the substitution to R is not necessarily recursive. See the end-of-chapter exercises below for more. === Decision Properties of Recursive languages === === Runtime Complexity === Many students who are taking a class on formal languages, automata, and computation will have already studied algorithm efficiency, perhaps in the form of big-O notation. Runtime efficiency is typically regarded as a characteristic of recursive languages (i.e, membership algorithms defined by always-halting TMs or computer programs), which is why we address efficiency in this chapter on properties of the recursive languages. It would make less sense to talk about efficiency in the case of undecidable problems, but a project asks you to investigate the relevance of efficiency and undecidable problems. Big-O notation is used to indicate an upper bound on runtime cost, or space requirements or some other resource, but we will focus on time initially. Precisely, if ''n'' is a measure of the size of the input to a procedure, and I say that the procedure is O(''f(n)''), then that means that for big enough values of ''n'', the procedure’s actual runtime ''g(n)'' ≤ c*''f(n)'', for ''n ≥ t''. ''t'' is the value that tells us what value of ''n'' is “big enough”. In English, this tells us that the actual runtime of a procedure, g(n), never exceeds some constant c times f(n) for big enough n. Where do the values of constants ''c'' and ''t'' come from? For practical purposes they could come from experiments with a procedure on different size ''n'', or from analysis, but for theoretical purposes (at least to many theoreticians much of the time) we don’t care. Its enough to know that these constants exist, and that they depend on the algorithm’s implementation details (i.e., what is the language of implementation, the hardware the procedure is run on, etc), and this is precisely why we don’t care about their particular values from a theoretical standpoint. And so we typically don’t fret about the constants and simply say the procedure is O(''f(n)''), where ''f(n)'' is typically a member of some general and simply-stated class of functions, like n<sup>0</sup> or 1 (constant), log ''n'' (logarithmic), ''n'' (linear), ''n'' log ''n'', ''n<sup>2</sup>'' (quadratic), ''n<sup>3</sup>'', 2<sup>''n''</sup> (exponential), and ''n!'' (combinatoric). I have listed these simply-stated function classes in order of increasing complexity or growth rate. That is, ''n'' log ''n'' will always be less than ''n<sup>2</sup>'' for sufficiently sized ''n'', for example. If I say that an algorithm runs in O(''n<sup>3</sup>'') time, then that means the actual run time, ''g(n)'', of the procedure will be bounded above for big enough n: ''g(n)'' ≤ ''c*n<sup>3</sup>'', for ''n'' ≥ ''t.'' Notice that if a algorithm is O(''n''), for example, then it is also O(''n<sup>2</sup>'') and O(''n<sup>3</sup>'') and … and O(''n!''). Convince yourself that this is true given the formal definition of big-O notation. The problem, however, with saying that an algorithm’s runtime is O(''n''<sup>3</sup>) when it is also O(''n''<sup>2</sup>) is that the former is misleading because ''n<sup>3</sup>'' is not as "tight" an upper bound as is possible. This concern with tightly characterizing the run time complexity of an algorithm is one reason that we also like to characterize algorithms by lower bounds. Ω(''f(n)'') means that for big enough values of ''n,'' the algorithm’s actual runtime ''g(n) ≥ c*f(n)'', for ''n ≥ t.'' The constants for a big-Omega characterization of an algorithm may be different than the constants for a big-O characterization of the same algorithm, but again, we don’t typically care about the constants. If an algorithm can be characterized by both O(''f(n)'') and Ω(''f(n)'') (i.e., upper and lower bounds for the same ''f(n)'') then we consider ''f(n)'' as a tight characterization of the algorithm’s runtime, and we signify this with big-Theta notation Θ(''f(n)'') means ''c<sub>1</sub>*f(n) ≥ g(n) ≥ c<sub>2</sub>*f(n)'' for ''n ≥ t'' (''t = max(t<sub>1</sub>,t<sub>2</sub>)''). It would be easy to dive still deeper into complexity theory, but under the assumption that you have or will look at this more deeply in an advanced course on algorithm analysis, I’ll sum up with three miscellaneous points. First, its common to say that if an algorithm is characterized by O(''f(n)'') behavior (or Omega or Theta), then the actual runtime, ''g(n) = O(f(n))''. This may seem like an odd use of the equality symbol and it is indeed an odd convention (if I had my druthers I might have overloaded the membership symbol instead, so g(n) ∈ O(f(n))). Second, when using any of the notations it is appropriate to say “in the worst case” or “the best case” or the “average case”, though you might think that big-O naturally corresponds to the worst case, big-Omega to the best, and big-Theta to the average, and you wouldn’t be wrong in some sense. But imagine cases, in say AI, where there is a partial ordering on run times, and in one subset of instances performance ranges from best to worst for that subset, while a different subset has a different values for best, average, and worst. In any case, you’ll hear and read that worst case for insertion sort is O(''n<sup>2</sup>'') and best case is O(''n''), as but one example where O-notation serves double duty. Thirdly, in theory settings, particularly in introductory texts like this one, worst case performance is taken to be of most importance – just how bad can this algorithm be!?! Worst case performance that is greater than polynomial (i.e., with growth rate greater than n<sup>p</sup> for any positive value of p), notably O(2<sup>n</sup>) and O(''n!''), will determine whether a problem is "intractable". In short, using big-O (or big-Omega or big-Theta) there is a hierarchy of language (problem) classes: O(1) <math>\subset</math> O(log ''n'') <math>\subset</math> ''O(n'') <math>\subset</math> ''O(n'' log ''n'') <math>\subset</math> ''O(n<sup>2</sup>'') <math>\subset</math> ''O(n<sup>3</sup>'') <math>\subset</math> O(2<sup>''n''</sup>) <math>\subset</math> ''O(n!''). There are many other language classes defined in terms of runtime of course. ==== Intractability ==== A dictionary definition of an "intractable problem" is one that is extremely hard or impossible to solve. Problems that are in RE but not recursive are undecidable, and are intractable in a strong sense. Problems that don’t have solutions that are representable by Turing machines at all (i.e., non-RE) are intractable in the strongest sense. But what we will usually mean by intractability are problems for which the only known solution procedures are greater than polynomial in time and/or space as a function of input size (e.g., exponential, combinatorial). ==== ''P'' and ''NP'' ==== ''P'' and ''NP'' are two broad classes of languages (problems). Any deterministic algorithm that runs in O(n<sup>p</sup>) time, where p is any real number constant, belongs to class ''P''(olynomial). Remember that O(n<sup>p</sup>) will include other, smaller growth rate functions, like ''n'' log ''n'', as well. An example of a problem in ''P'' is finding the ''minimum weight spanning tree'' (MWST) of a weighted graph. ''Kruskal’s algorithm'' is a polynomial time algorithm that finds the MWST. Any algorithm that cannot be characterized by polynomial deterministic runtime is not in ''P''. [[File:NPprocedure.png|thumb|'''Figure NPprocedure:''' A non-deterministic polynomial algorithm is one that pursues multiple paths (of instantaneous descriptions) “simultaneously” towards a solution (brute-force, breadth-first), where each path length is a polynomial function of input size.]] ''NP'', standing for ''Nondeterministic Polynomial'', is the class of algorithms, which when run on a nondeterministic TM that is capable of simulating all possible solution paths in parallel, will run in time that is polynomial as a function of the input size. Of course, a NTM cannot simulate all paths in parallel, so a more practical expression of the ''NP'' class are algorithms where solution paths are a polynomial function of their input in length. ''NP'' problems have a hard to solve, "easy" to validate character. Finding a solution may require exploring a large number of paths, perhaps O(''2<sup>n</sup>'') or O(''n!'') paths, but each path is polynomial in length, and thus a given solution can be validated in polynomial time, as illustrated in '''Figure NPprocedure'''. An example of an ''NP'' problem is the Traveling Sales Problem (TSP) with a weighted graph. That is, expressed as a language, the TSP asks whether there is a cycle of all nodes in a weighted graph with a total weight that is a specified maximum or less. If so, the encoded graph is a member of the language of graphs for which there is an acceptable tour, otherwise it is not. It is standard that a satisfying tour accompany a 'yes' answer. There are at least O(n!) number of paths (hard to find) of length ''n'', where n is the number of vertices, so each solution is O(''n'') in length (easy to validate). Every problem in ''P'' is also in ''NP'', so ''P'' <math>\subseteq</math> ''NP''. What is strongly suspected, but not yet proved is that ''P'' is a proper subset of ''NP'', ''P'' <math>\subset </math> ''NP.'' Despite suspicions to the contrary, you will hear that demonstrating that ''P'' <math>=</math> ''NP'' (or P <math>\neq</math> NP) is one of the biggest open problems in computational theory. In light of all this, we will call a problem intractable if it is in ''NP'', and not known to be in ''P''. ==== The Satisfiability Problem is NP ==== The TSP is one example of an ''NP'' problem that is not known to be in ''P''. A second, and especially important example of an ''NP'' problem, which is not known to be in ''P'', is satisfiability, or SAT for short. The SAT problem is * Given: a Boolean expression over ''n'' variables, say in conjunctive normal form * Find: an assignment of truth values to all ''n'' variables such that the entire expression is true. For example, say we are given (¬x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ x<sub>1</sub> ⋁ x<sub>2</sub>) <math>\bigwedge</math> ( x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ ¬x<sub>1</sub> ⋁ x<sub>2</sub>) <math>\bigwedge</math> (¬x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ ¬x<sub>1</sub> ⋁ ¬x<sub>2</sub>) <math>\bigwedge</math> (¬x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ ¬x<sub>1</sub> ⋁ x<sub>3</sub>). Since there are 4 variables, x<sub>0</sub> through x<sub>3</sub>, this is called a 4-SAT problem. There are 2<sup>4</sup> combinations of assignments to the four variables. An assignment that renders the entire expression true is x<sub>0</sub> = false, x<sub>1</sub> = true, x<sub>2</sub> = true, x<sub>3</sub> = false: (¬false ⋁ true ⋁ true) <math>\bigwedge</math> ( false ⋁ ¬true ⋁ true) <math>\bigwedge</math> (¬false ⋁ ¬true ⋁ ¬true) <math>\bigwedge</math> (¬false ⋁ ¬true ⋁ false) = (true ⋁ true ⋁ true) <math>\bigwedge</math> ( false ⋁ false ⋁ true) <math>\bigwedge</math> (true ⋁ false ⋁ false) <math>\bigwedge</math> (true ⋁ false ⋁ false). Since there is at least one assignment that renders the entire expression true, the expression is ''satisfiable''. If all assignments led to a true expression, then the expression would be a ''tautology'', but that need not be the case for the expression to be satisfiable. [[File:SATisNP.png|left|thumb|'''Figure SATisNP:''' In the worst case the algorithm at top may need to iterate through the FOR loop 2<sup>n</sup> times.]] Consider this 2-SAT problem: (¬x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ ¬x<sub>1</sub>) <math>\bigwedge</math> ( x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ ¬x<sub>1</sub>) <math>\bigwedge</math> (¬x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ x<sub>1</sub>) <math>\bigwedge</math> (x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ x<sub>1</sub>). There are 2<sup>2</sup> assignments. Confirm that none of the four assignments result in the entire expression being true. This expression in ''unsatisfiable'' (aka the expression is a ''contradiction''). [[File:SAThillclimbing.png|thumb|'''Figure SAThillclimbing:''' Max_restarts and Max_tweeks are set by the user. "Tweeks" are small changes to truth assignment, such as flipping the truth value of one variable (e.g., flip the value of x<sub>k</sub> from true to false). When this algorithm answers 'no' it will only be correct with some probability since the procedure will typically stop short of examining all possible assignments. Nonetheless, enough assignments will have been examined typically to insure high probability of correctness in the 'no' case (and certainty of correctness in the 'yes' case).]] SAT is ''NP'' because there are an exponential number of possible solutions, 2<sup>''n''</sup>, for ''n'' variables, but each solution is size ''n.'' In the worst case, an algorithm like that shown in '''Figure SATisNP''', might have to examine all the assignments, but in point of fact, it's not generally that bad. Even problems for which a solution is nondeterministic polynomial, and there is no known polynomial time solution, its very often the case that answers can be found quickly. The SATisfiability problem is ''NP'', but a very simple procedure that works well in practice is hill-climbing in search of a value assignment that makes an entire Boolean expression true. In this approach, a solution is guessed randomly, checked for satisfaction of the expression, and revised or simply guessed again. Details of a procedure are shown in '''Figure SAThillclimbing'''. Hill climbing, btw, is a popular greedy search procedure that is used in many experimentally-oriented fields, like AI, which are often fast and yield satisfactory results. In general, hill-climbing is one of many ways of effectively dealing with intractability in practice. ==== Deterministic Polynomial Time Reductions ==== We have previously studied reductions of a language/problem Q to a language/problem R. Recall that if we say Q reduces to R then if we have a solution for R we can use it to create a solution for Q; R is at least as hard as Q (else a solution for R would not assure a solution for Q). As one implication of this hardness observation, to show that R has a certain hardness characteristic (i.e., undecidability, intractability), or something “worse”, then show a correct reduction from a procedure that we know has that hardness characteristic to R. Previously, this hardness characteristic was undecidability. Now, it can be intractability too. We know that SATisfiability is in ''NP'' (with no known solution in ''P'') – we constructed an algorithm for it that was clearly ''NP'' in '''Figure SATisNP'''. We can reduce SAT to another problem, say ''solving simultaneous integer linear inequalities'', thereby showing that this latter problem is "at least" ''NP''. Consider the earlier SAT problem: (¬x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ x<sub>1</sub> ⋁ x<sub>2</sub>) <math>\bigwedge</math> ( x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ ¬x<sub>1</sub> ⋁ x<sub>2</sub>) <math>\bigwedge</math> (¬x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ ¬x<sub>1</sub> ⋁ ¬x<sub>2</sub>) <math>\bigwedge</math> (¬x<sub>0</sub> ⋁ ¬x<sub>1</sub> ⋁ x<sub>3</sub>). This is easily translated to an integer linear program (ILP) by replacing each Boolean variable x<sub>k</sub> with an integer variable t<sub>k</sub>, and replacing each negated variable ¬x<sub>k</sub> with (1 - t<sub>k</sub>). That's the reduction! So, the example SAT problem becomes the ILP: (1-t<sub>0</sub>) + t<sub>1</sub> + t<sub>2</sub> >= 1 t<sub>0</sub> + (1-t<sub>1</sub>) + t<sub>2</sub> >= 1 (1-t<sub>0</sub>) + (1-t<sub>1</sub>) + (1-t<sub>2</sub>) >= 1 (1-t<sub>0</sub>) + (1-t<sub>1</sub>) + t<sub>3</sub> >= 1 A solution to this ILP is t<sub>0</sub> = 0 t<sub>1</sub> = 1 t<sub>2</sub> = 1 t<sub>3</sub> = 0 which can be mapped to a solution to the SAT problem, again through an easy substitution: x<sub>k</sub> = false iff t<sub>k</sub> = 0, and x<sub>k</sub> = true iff t<sub>k</sub> = 1. Confirm the correctness of this substitution to the SAT problem. The significance of all this is, again, that an algorithm for solving the ILP can be adapted to solving SAT. Moreover, the adaptation of the solution is easy in this case -- its O(''n''), where ''n'' is the number of source variables t<sub>k</sub>, and also number of target variables x<sub>k</sub>. So, if we should ever find an efficient, deterministic polynomial time algorithm, O(n<sup>p</sup>), for solving ILPs, we will have a polyomial time algorithm for solving SAT, since O(''n''<sup>p</sup>) + O(''n'') = O(''n''<sup>p</sup>)! In general, to the idea of reduction, we add a constraint that in cases where we care about algorithm complexity, the reduction must be polynomial in time using a deterministic algorithm, so that if efficient polynomial time algorithms are found for what are currently regarded as intractable problems, the cost of adapting the more efficient solutions to still other problems does not push the adaptation back into intractable territory. In the case of SAT and ILP, we have a deterministic polynomial time (i.e., O(n)) reduction from SAT to ILP. Confirm that we can also construct a deterministic polynomial time reduction from ILP to SAT (also of deterministic O(n) time). So these problems are of comparable complexity. This need not always be the case, and in general the reduction in one direction may be more costly than the other direction, but still O(n<sup>p</sup>) for it to be a deterministic polynomial time reduction. ==== NP Completeness ==== A problem Q is ''NP hard'' if every problem in ''NP'' deterministically polynomial reduces to Q (i.e., Q is at least as hard as every NP problem). Moreover, if (1) Q is also in the class ''NP'', and (2) every problem in ''NP'' deterministic polynomial reduces to Q, then Q is said to be ''NP complete''. Note that there are two conditions, as just stated, that have to be satisfied for a problem to be ''NP complete''. So that this is concrete, let’s say that Q is SAT. If we can show that every problem in ''NP'' reduces to SAT, then that says that a solution to SAT can be adapted to solve every other ''NP'' problem as well. And moreover, because the reductions from all ''NP'' problems to SAT will be polynomial time reductions, then if an efficient deterministic polynomial time solution is ever found for SAT (i.e., if SAT <math>\in</math> P), then every problem in ''NP'' can be solved in deterministic polynomial time, and ''P'' <math>=</math> ''NP''. That's significant! But how do we show that every problem in ''NP'' reduces to SAT in polynomial time? There are an infinite number of problems/languages in ''NP'' ! We know that every problem in ''NP'' is solved by a non-deterministic Turing Machine that always halts, and we can express a "generic" NDTM for any ''NP'' problem in terms of SAT. This is one insight of Cook's Theorem. ===== Cook's Theorem ===== ''Cook’s Theorem'' says that every problem in ''NP'' (i.e., a question of membership of an input ''w'' in the language of any non-deterministic Turing Machine, ''NTM'', assured of halting) can be deterministically polynomial-time reduced to SAT (i.e., a question of whether a Boolean expression is satisfiable). How can we reduce ''<NTM, w>'' to a Boolean expression, E<sub>NTM,w</sub>, where E<sub>NTM,w</sub> is judged satisfiable iff ''NTM'' accepts ''w''? Any ''NP'' problem, by the definition of ''NP'', has paths of configurations or instantaneous descriptions (i.e., solution or nonsolution paths) that are each O(n<sup>p</sup>) in length (i.e., a (non)solution is polynomial in the size of the input, ''n'' -- remember that this is why ''NP'' solutions are 'easy' to validate). Because each transition of NTM can move its read/write head at most cell on its tape, and can only write at most one symbol of its tape, the longest that a single instantaneous description (ID) can become is also O(n<sup>p</sup>) since there is a maximum of O(n<sup>p</sup>) moves along any path of IDs by ''NTM''. Cook therefore posited a matrix of O(n<sup>p</sup>) rows, each an ID, and O(n<sup>p</sup>) columns, each corresponding to a tape cell in an ID. Thus, each cell of the matrix is an (ID, Tape Cell) pair. Moving down the rows correspond to making moves along a path of IDs, and making a change in a tape cell is the change to that cell in moving from one ID to the next. Without loss of generality, we assume that ''NTM'' uses a one-way infinite tape. [[File:Cook'sThmMatrixOverview.png|thumb|'''Figure Cook'sThmMatrix:''' A O(n<sup>2p</sup>) matrix that is a schema for all possible trajectories of a nonderministic TM that represents an NP language, on an input of length ''n''.]] The size of this matrix is O(n<sup>p</sup>) <math>\times</math> O(n<sup>p</sup>) = O(n<sup>2p</sup>) as shown in '''Figure Cook'sThmMatrix'''. Importantly, this matrix is strictly a theoretical construct, important because it puts bounds on the size of the problem to be reduced. The matrix does not represent an actual run of ''NTM'' along any one path -- it couldn't because if running ''NTM'' were part of the reduction, then the reduction would not necessaily be deterministic polynomial time! Rather, the matrix is a schema that represents the totality of the set of possible paths that can be pursued by ''NTM'' on ''w'', just as the reduction to E<sub>NTM,w</sub> will imply the set of of possible n-tuple truth value assignments to the ''n'' variables of the E<sub>NTM,w</sub>. Also, recognize that the O(n<sup>p</sup>) <math>\times</math> O(n<sup>p</sup>) matrix is an upperbound on the dimensions of a possible path followed by ''NTM''. Some problems will require fewer rows/IDs than O(n<sup>p</sup>) and/or fewer tape cells in an ID than O(n<sup>p</sup>). But for convenience of demonstration, we think of the upperbounds as the actual dimensions, and we assume that every row is filled with blanks of unused rightmost tape cells within an ID up to the O(n<sup>p</sup>) limit on columns, and we assume that the row/ID corresponding to entering an accepting state is duplicated up to the O(n<sup>p</sup>) limit on rows. Ask yourself, if you were given the definition of ''NTM'', and an input ''w'', how would you confirm that an arbitrary matrix of IDs, as described above, followed from the ''NTM'' definition and that ''NTM'' accepted ''w''. Your procedure for analyzing a matrix would necessarily have to look at the following: # Does the first row/ID of the matrix correspond to the initial ID, that is to ''NTM'' being in its start state, q<sub>0</sub>, and ''NTM''<nowiki/>'s read/write head being at the left end of the input ''w,'' followed by blanks? # Does the last row/ID of the matrix indicate that the NTM state is an accepting state, and if so this indicates acceptance, and non-acceptance otherwise? # For each pair of consecutive rows/IDs, does the second of the pair follow from the first given the definition of ''NTM''<nowiki/>'s transitions, <math>\delta</math>? You could define this as an automated procedure for taking ''NTM'' and ''w'', and you could embed this in a loop to look at all possible matrices. If any one of those matrices indicated acceptance of the input, then your procedure would indicate that ''NTM'' accepted ''w'', and if all matrices corresponded to non-acceptance, then your procedure would reject ''w'' as a member of L(''NTM''). Presumably you recognize the analog between determining whether one of many ''NTM'' paths accepts and determining whether one assignment of truth values satisfies a Boolean expression. So, lets convert the algorithm into a SAT problem, E<sub>NTM,w</sub>, which you can think of a "logic program" for those who have used Prolog or another logic programming language. [[File:Cook'sInitialConditions.png|left|thumb|'''Figure Cook'sInitialConditions:''' A Boolean subexpression representing initial conditions that must be satisfied in a valid solution path by an NTM accepting w.]] ''Step 1:'' To translate step 1 above into a Boolean subexpression, the first row/ID of the matrix corresponds to ''NTM'' being in its start state, q<sub>0</sub>, and ''NTM''<nowiki/>'s read/write head being at the left end of the input ''w,'' followed by blanks. Introduce Boolean variables corresponding to the following * One Boolean condition is that the current state of ID 0 is the start state, q<sub>0</sub>. * One Boolean condition is that the read/write head of ID 0 is at tape location 0. * For each of the symbols in the input, w, from i = 0 to i = <math>\mid</math>w<math>\mid</math>—1, create a Boolean condition that the value of the ith tape cell in ID 0 is the ith symbol of ''w''. * For each of the tape locations in ID 0 from <math>\mid</math>w<math>\mid</math> to the end (i.e., O(n<sup>p</sup>)) create a Boolean condition that the value of the cell location is the blank. ''Conjoin'' these Boolean variables into one Boolean subexpression. Call it E<sub>NTM,w,initial</sub>. This is illustrated in '''Figure Cook'sInitialConditions'''. Note that the cost of creating this subexpression is linear relative to the input size, <math>\mid w \mid</math> = O(''n''). [[File:Cook'sFinalConditions.png|left|thumb|'''Figure Cook'sFinalConditions:''' Boolean subexpression representing the final conditions that must be satisfied in a valid solution path by an NTM accepting w.]] ''Step 2'': To translate step 2 into a Boolean subexpression, that the last row/ID of the matrix indicates that the NTM state is an accepting state, * For each accepting state in ''NTM''<nowiki/>'s definition, create a Boolean variable that reflects whether the current state of the last ID in row O(n<sup>2p</sup>) is that accepting state. ''Disjoin'' these Boolean variables into one Boolean subexpression. Call it E<sub>NTM,accepting</sub>. This is illustrated in '''Figure Cook'sFinalConditions'''. Note that this subexpression does not depend on a particular w, and the cost of creating this subexpression is therefore constant time relative to the input size, O(1). [[File:Cook'sIntermediateConditions.png|thumb|'''Figure Cook'sIntermediateConditions:''' Each transition, such as that for <math>\delta</math>(q<sub>3</sub>, a) in red, may have more than one outcome in a nondeterministic TM; of the two possible outcomes in the figure, one is reflected in the matrix, in green, and one is not reflected, in purple.]] ''Step 3'': To translate step 3, that for each pair of consecutive rows/IDs, the second of the pair should be immediately obtainable from the first of the pair given the definition of ''NTM''<nowiki/>'s transitions, <math>\delta</math>. The subexpression that we write should specify conditions that must apply to each row/ID of the matrix (and its successor row/ID), except the last row, starting with row/ID 0. The translation requires going through the transitions of ''NTM''<nowiki/>'s <math>\delta</math> functions and composing subexpressions for each. '''Figure Cook'sIntermediateConditions''' illustrates the translation of one transition for (q<sub>3</sub>, a). For each possible outcome, say (q<sub>5</sub>, b, R) for example, becomes a set of conjoined conditions, (cs<sub>k+1</sub>= q<sub>5</sub> ∧ Loc<sub>k+1</sub> = j+1 ∧ Z<sub>k+1,j</sub> = b). This must be repeated for each possible outcome of (q<sub>3</sub>, a) listed in the transitions' function, as well as for each entry <math>\delta</math>(State, Input Symbol) pair listed in <math>\delta</math>. In the blue, the Figure additionally shows that for all cells other than the one under the read/write head, the values will remain the same between ID k and ID k+1. Given what we have said so far, we would then have a general Boolean expression, of which '''Figure Cook'sIntermediateConditions''' only shows a small part, that stated conditions necessary to the validity between an ID k to ID k+1. Given a matrix we could then loop through the consecutive IDs and check them against this Boolean expression. But to fully reduce to SAT, we cannot use explicit looping, but must explicitely replicate the Boolean expression for each value of k, from ID 0 to the penultimate ID/row. While the process of building the subexpression does not directly depend on a particular word, w, the number of terms we must write in the subexpression, call it E<sub>NTM,|w|,intermediate</sub> depends on the size of ''w'', i.e., the size of the matrix, O(''n''<sup>2p</sup>). Taking Steps 1-3 together, the Boolean expression representing the SAT problem can be written as * E<sub>NTM,w</sub> = E<sub>NTM,w,initial</sub> <math>\bigwedge</math> E<sub>NTM,accepting</sub> <math>\bigwedge</math> E<sub>NTM,|w|,intermediate</sub> There are factors that have not been directly addressed here, notably * that rows after entering an accepting state can simply repeat in order to fill up to O(n<sup>p</sup>) rows; * that situations when the location of the R/W head is the leftmost location (i.e., so that there is no j-1 location) or rightmost cell (i.e., when there is no j+1 location); * that there must be exactly one value (tape symbol) for each cell in the matrix, which precludes impossible states that could otherwise be considered by a SAT solver. While important to the formal proof, these further details aren't needed to appreciate the genius of Cook's theorem, and for that matter the genius of conceiving of the concept of ''NP complete''ness generally. While the Boolean expression representing the SAT problem corresponding to an arbitrary ''NP'' problem is long and involved, it is so because it is general to an infinite number of NP problems. As we saw in relation to ILP and SAT, polynomial reductions between two specific problems are often much simpler. Again, one consequence of demonstrating that SAT is ''NP complete'' is that if it is discovered that SAT has a deterministic polynomial time solution, and thus a member of ''P'', then all ''NP'' problems have a polynomial time solution, if by no other means than using SAT as a subroutine, and thus ''P'' = ''NP''. ===== Other NP Complete Problems ===== Knowing that SAT is NP complete, we can now show that other ''NP'' problems are ''NP complete'' by polynomial reducing SAT to these other problems. You’ll see that we are essentially reducing both ways. Cook’s theorem polynomial reduced from every ''NP'' problem to SAT, indicating that SAT was at least as hard as any other ''NP'' problem. This is illustrated in '''Figure AllNPsReducedtoSAT'''. And now, by polynomial reducing SAT is another ''NP'' problem, we are showing that the other problem is at least as hard as SAT. For example, we already showed that SAT polynomial reduces to ILP. With both directions of reduction demonstrated, we can say that the other problem (e.g., ILP) is comparable to SAT in complexity – it too is ''NP'' complete. In '''Figure ExtendingNPComplete''', assume that ILP is L<sub>k</sub> in row (1) column (a), and the two-way arrow indicates that SAT polynomial reduces to L<sub>k</sub>, and vice versa. Since L<sub>k</sub> has now been shown to be ''NP complete'', all ''NP'' problems reduce to L<sub>k</sub> as well, as shown in row (1) column (b). [[File:AllNPsReducedSAT.png|left|thumb|'''Figure AllNPsReducedtoSAT:''' Cook's theorem shows that all ''NP'' problems polynomial reduced to SAT. Thus SAT is ''NP hard''; all ''NP'' problems can use a procedure for solving SAT as a subroutine. And because SAT is itself ''NP'', SAT is ''NP complete''.]] One important point to emphasize is that the other problem, L<sub>k</sub>, can now be used in subsequent reductions to show that still other problems are ''NP complete'', since the demonstrations of equivalent complexity are transitive. Furthermore, as illustrated in row (2) of '''Figure ExtendingNPComplete''' we can take another problem in ''NP'', say Lj, and by showing that L<sub>k</sub> reduces to Lj we have shown that every ''NP'' problem reduces to Lj as well, and so Lj is NP complete. [[File:ExtendingNPcomplete.png|thumb|'''Figure ExtendingNPComplete:''' An explanation for expanding the known NP complete problems, as illustrated in this figure, is given in the main text.]] By now a large number of problems have been shown to be ''NP complete''. A question that you might be asking yourself is whether there is any problem in ''NP'' (and not known to be in ''P'') that is not ''NP complete''? Or not known to be ''NP complete''? See the exercises on these questions. Again, one consequence of demonstrating a large class of ''NP'' ''complete'' problems that are equivalent in terms of complexity is that if any one of them turns out to have a deterministic polynomial time solution, and thus a member of ''P'', then they all have a deterministic polynomial time solution and ''P = NP''. === Space Complexity === === Learnability Theory === Leslie Valiant, Probably Approximately Correct: Nature's Algorithms for Learning and Prospering in a Complex World, pp. 76-81 == Properties of Recursively Enumerable (or Unrestricted) Languages == The RE languages are the broadest class of languages that we will address, and the class of RE languages includes all other language classes that we have considered -- recursive languages, CSLs, CFLs, DCFLs, and regular languages. The RE languages are equivalently defined by unrestricted (Type 0) grammars and by TMs that may not halt on their input in the case where that input is not a member of the language defined by the TM. We will start with the closure properties of RE languages, then talk about the inherent undecidability of other decision questions of RE languages. Because membership in RE languages that are not also recursive is undecidable, and therefore are not implementable by algorithms, we don't include issues of algorithmic runtime or space efficiency in this section. === Closure Properties of RE languages === The RE (aka unrestricted) languages are closed under * Union * Intersection * Concatenation * Repetition or Kleene Closure * Substitution However, the RE languages are not closed under Complement. ==== The RE languages are closed under Union ==== If L<sub>1</sub> is a RE language and L<sub>2</sub> is a RE language, then L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> is RE. It is left as an exercise to show by construction of an unrestricted grammar or a TM for the language represented by L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cup</math> L<sub>2</sub> that the RE languages are closed under union. ==== The RE languages are closed under Intersection ==== If L<sub>1</sub> is a RE language and L<sub>2</sub> is a RE language, then L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cap</math> L<sub>2</sub> is RE. It is left as an exercise to show by construction of an unrestricted grammar or a TM for the language represented by L<sub>1</sub> <math>\cap</math> L<sub>2</sub> that the RE languages are closed under intersection. ==== The RE languages are closed under Concatenation ==== If L<sub>1</sub> is a RE language and L<sub>2</sub> is a RE language, then L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub> is RE. It is left as an exercise to show by construction of an unrestricted grammar or a TM for the language represented by L<sub>1</sub>L<sub>2</sub> that the RE languages are closed under concatenation. ==== The RE languages are closed under Kleene Closure ==== If L is a RE language, then L* is RE. It is left as an exercise to show by construction of an unrestricted grammar or a TM for the language represented by L* that the RE languages are closed under Kleene Closure. ==== The RE languages are closed under Substitution ==== If L is a RE language and for each symbol, x<sub>i</sub>, in the alphabet of L there is an associated RE language, then Subst(L) is RE. It is left as an exercise to show by construction of an unrestricted grammar or a TM for the language represented by Subst(L) that the RE languages are closed under substitution. ==== The RE languages are ''not'' closed under Complement ==== If L is a RE language then its complement, <math>\bar{L}</math>, is not necessarily RE. We can show this by example of an RE language RE with a complement that is definitely not RE. We have already given such an example earlier in the text. Its left as an exercise to find and understand the example. === Decision Properties of RE languages === We covered decidability and undecidability of selected computational problems, notably questions on the membership in recursively enumerable languages. The universal language, which we re-expressed as the halting problem (i.e., will the universal Turing machine always halt on its input) is undecidable (because M<sub>U</sub> may not halt when its argument TM does not accept its input). In general, undecidability can signify one of two conditions. Membership in L<sub>u</sub>, for example, is undecidable in one sense, which is failure to say no and halt if a string is not in L<sub>u</sub>. More broadly though undecidability could mean failure to answer at all and halt 'yes' cases and/or 'no' cases. This second, broader notion of undecidability would relate to languages outside of RE, so we don't deal with it here. We restrict ourselves to undecidability in the former case -- the 'no' case -- as relates to the RE languages. ==== Rice's Theorem ==== A yes/no question of the RE languages is ''trivial'' if the correct answer is either 'yes' in all cases (i.e., its a property of all the RE languages) or its 'no' in the case of all RE languages. Otherwise, its a ''non-trivial'' question or property. For example, the question of whether a given RE language is a regular language is a non-trivial question/property of the RE languages, since some RE languages are regular and some are not. Rice's Theorem says that every non-trivial question of the RE languages is undecidable. Suppose we have a yes/no question Q about the RE languages. Then L<sub>Q</sub> is the set of RE languages for which Q=yes. Continuing our earlier example, if Q is "Is this language a regular language?" then L<sub>Q</sub> is the set of regular languages. In fact, L<sub>Q</sub> can be viewed as a language of languages, where you'll recall that each language in L<sub>Q</sub> can be represented finitely by an automaton or grammar, and that each such finite representation can be expressed as a (binary) string. Because the questions Q vary widely, we'll always assume that each language in L<sub>Q</sub> is a binary string representing a TM, regardless of whether it miight be represented in some other fashion (e.g., as a FA). Its also common to refer to L<sub>Q</sub> as a property -- e.g., every member of L<sub>Q</sub> has the property of being a regular language. To phrase things differently, a non-trivial property, L<sub>Q</sub>, of the RE * is one for which { } <math>\subset</math> L<sub>Q</sub> <math>\subset</math> L<sub>RE</sub>, where L<sub>RE</sub> is the language of binary encodings for all TMs (i.e., the RE languages); * L<sub>Q</sub> <math>\cap</math> L<sub>R</sub> = { }, where L<sub>R</sub> is the language of binary encodings for all always-halting TMs (i.e., the recursive languages); •Regardless of non-trivial P, '''reduce L<sub>U</sub> (the Universal Language aka the Halting Problem, known undecidable) to L<sub>P</sub>''', thus showing a contradiction with assumption that L<sub>P</sub> is decidable. Rice’s Theorem implies an infinite number of undecidable properties for recursively enumerable languages, and it does it in one fell swoop. Rice’s Theorem tells us that for sufficiently expressive languages undecidability is the norm rather than the exception. Of the problems implied by Rice’s Theorem to be undecidable, there are different kinds. Its undecidable whether a TM accepts the empty set, or a non-empty set. Given intuitions about complementation, we might think of these questions as essentially the same, but in fact when dealing with RE languages that are not recursive our intuitions regarding complement may be misleading. In the case of the question of whether an arbitrary TM accepts the empty language is not RE – its ''not'' a property that can be tested by any TM. Whereas, the question of whether a TM accepts a non-empty language is RE (but not recursive). === Expanding the Classes of Languages === Any characteristic defines a set of languages for which the characteristic is true of all members. Any question defines a set of languages for which the answer to the question is 'yes'. == Exercises, Projects, and Discussions == '''RL Props Exercise 1:''' For each of the constructions described under Regular Languages are closed under '''Union''', '''Concatenation''', '''Kleene Closure''', and '''Substitution''', draw a visualization of the construction, choosing a way of visually representing the component DFAs in the construction, as well as the constructed NFA. Why do this exercise? Because many learners are visual learners, and undoubtedly all learners benefit from some visualization, be it mental imagery or manifest on 'paper'. An important skill for many or most in CS generally is an ability to visualize algorithms and data structures. This will undoubtedly continue to be a desirable skill even as AIs take over much of the software development burdon. As an aside, if you are interested in societal benefits of your efforts, consider and potentially act on the creation of educational materials in CS for the blind and hard of sight. '''RL Props Exercise 2:''' For each of the constructions described under Regular Languages are closed under '''Union''', '''Concatenation''', '''Kleene Closure''', and '''Substitution''', give alternative arguments using regular expressions. '''RL Props Exercise 3:''' For each of the constructions described under Regular Languages are closed under '''Union''', '''Concatenation''', '''Kleene Closure''', and '''Substitution''', give alternative arguments using regular grammars. '''RL Props Exercise 4:''' Regular expressions were defined in terms of three operations -- concatenation, choice, and Kleene closure. Expand regular expressions based on closure properties for regular languages. The intent is not that you increase the representational power of REs, but that the expansion provides syntactic convenience and comprehensibility. '''RL Props Exercise 5:''' Show that the regular languages are closed under reversal. That is, if L is a regular language then L<sup>R</sup> is a regular language. '''CFL Exercise 1:''' Show that the CFLs are ''not'' closed under intersection. '''Project 1:''' Investigate the properties of the class of inherently ambiguous CFLs. '''Project 2:''' Investigate NP problems that are not ''NP complete'', or not known to be ''NP complete''. Are there any such problems? '''Project 3:''' Investigate superpolynmial algorithms that are subexponential. '''Project 4:''' Investigate Closure properties of P, NP, and NP complete problems '''Exercise RecursiveSubstition1:''' Give a demonstration that if you are given a recursive language R, and each symbol in R’s alphabet corresponds to a recursive language too, then the language that results from applying the substitution to R is not necessarily recursive. '''Exercises (Closure Properties of RE languages)''' For each of the subsections above, demonstrate the truth value of the closure property as described. == References == 8jna2bq22gwdqvjcxcb1dzrye5nouht User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez 2 466295 4442344 4442328 2024-10-24T12:12:31Z Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez 3429664 /* Books */ 4442344 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Books== :[[User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez/Collections/Linguæ Latinæ Loquimur|Latina × Proto Germanic: Linguæ Latinæ Loquimur]] :[[User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez/Collections/Ist Du Germanic?|Latina × Proto Germanic: Ist Du Germanic?]] t7vkwwee2wwxuo43igumiiyqq2zfqk2 4442435 4442344 2024-10-25T03:37:36Z Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez 3429664 /* Books */ 4442435 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Books== :[[User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez/Collections/Linguæ Latinæ Loquimur|Latina × Proto Germanic: Linguæ Latinæ Loquimur]] :[[User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez/Collections/Ist Du Germanic?|Latina × Proto Germanic: Ist Du Germanic?]] :[[User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez/Collections/Latina × Proto Germanic|Latina × Proto Germanic]] ims0h2p4rcm08o76msdggrw04wv82v5 Isotonic regression 0 468888 4442341 4426909 2024-10-24T12:09:28Z Zadrali 3015261 finished the construction of the page, and removed the "under construction" template 4442341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Split}} ==Problem== Given values <math>a_1, ..., a_n</math> and their positive weights <math>w_1, ..., w_n</math>, approximate them as closely as possible by <math>y_1, ... y_n</math>, subject to a set of constraints of kind <math>y_i \le y_j</math> : : Given ::values <math>\mathbf{a} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math>, ::weights <math>\mathbf{w} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> such that <math>w_i>0</math> for all <math>i</math>, ::set of constraints <math>E \subset \{1,...,n\}^2</math>, :minimize <math>\sum_i w_i \left( y_i-a_i \right)^2</math> with respect to <math>\mathbf{y} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> subject to <math>y_i \le y_j</math> for all <math>(i,j)\in E</math> If all weights are equal to 1, the problem is called ''unweighted isotonic regression'', otherwise it is called ''weighted isotonic regression''. The graph <math>G=(V=\{1,2,...n\},E=E)</math> must to be acyclic. For example, hte constraints <math>x_2 \le x_5</math> and <math>x_5 \le x_2</math> cannot exist simultaneously. Example: Minimize <math>3(y_1-2)^2+(y_2-1)^2+(y_3-4)^2+2y_4^2</math> subject to : <math>y_1\le y_2</math> : <math>y_2\le y_3</math> : <math>y_2\le y_4</math> '''Linear order isotonic regression''' can be thought off as approximating given series of 1-dimensional observations with non-decreasing function. It is similar to smoothing splines, with the difference that we use monotonicity, rather than smoothness, to remove noise from the data. '''General isotonic regression''' is the approximation of a given series of values with values that satisfy a given partial order. == Linear order == Of a particular interest is linear order isotonic regression. : Given ::values <math>\mathbf{a} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math>, ::weights <math>\mathbf{w} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> such that <math>w_i>0</math> for all <math>i</math>, :minimize <math>\sum_i w_i \left( y_i-a_i \right)^2</math> with respect to <math>\mathbf{y} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> subject to <math>y_1 \le y_2\le\;...\;\le y_n</math> [[File:IsoExample1.png|frame|center|<center>Linear ordering isotonic regression for 100 points.</center>]] For linear order isotonic regression, there is a simple linear algorithm, called [[#Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm]] (PAVA). If all weights are equal to 1, the problem is called ''unweighted linear ordering isotonic regression''. === Example === [[File:IsoExample2.png|center|Linear ordering isotonic regression for {{math|10<sup>6</sup>}} points.]] * Isotonic regression for <math>10^6</math> points. * Left: points <math>(x_i, a_i)</math>, where <math>a_i=0 \text{ or }1</math>. The probability that <math>a_i=1</math> is determined by logistic function. Only 1000 points shown. * Right: result of isotonic regression (black graph) versus logistic function (red graph). The logistic function was recovered with high accuracy. ===Linear order isotonic regression as a model=== Sometimes, linear ordering isotonic regression is applied to a set of observations <math>(x_i, y_i), 1 \le i \le n</math>, where <math>x</math> is the explanatory variable, y is the dependent variable. The observations are sorted by their <math>x</math>'s, then the isotonic regression is applied to the <math>y</math>'s with the additional constraint <math>x_i=x_{i+1}\Rightarrow y_i=y_{i+1}</math> for all <math>i</math>. === Other variants === ==== Non-Euclidean metrics ==== Sometimes other metrics are used instead of the Euclidean metric, for example <math>L_1</math> metrics: :<math>\sum_i w_i \left | y_i-a_i \right |</math> or unweighted <math>L_\infty</math> metrics: :<math>\max_i \left | y_i-a_i \right |</math> ==== Points on a grid ==== Sometimes, values are placed on a 2d or higher dimensional grid. The fit value must increase along each dimension, e.g. :Minimize <math>\sum_{ij} w_{ij}\left(y_{ij}-x_{ij}\right)^2</math> with respect to y subject to :<math>y_{ij} \le y_{kl} \text{ if } i \le j,\ k \le l</math> ==Algorithms== ===Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm=== The Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm (PAVA) is a linear-time (and linear-memory) algorithm for linear order isotonic regression. ====Preliminary considerations==== The algorithm is based on the following theorem: Theorem: For an optimal solution, if <math>a_i \ge a_{i+1}</math>, then <math>y_i = y_{i+1}</math> Proof: Suppose the opposite, i.e. <math>y_i < y_{i+1}</math>. Then for sufficiently small <math>\varepsilon</math>, we can set :<math>y_i^\mathrm{new} = y_i + w_{i+1} \varepsilon </math> :<math>y_{i+1}^\mathrm{new} = y_{i+1} - w_i \varepsilon </math> which decreases the sum <math>\sum_i w_i(y_i-a_i)^2</math> without violating the constraints. Therefore, our original solution was not optimal. Contradiction. Since <math>y_i = y_{i+1}</math>, we can combine both points <math>(w_i, a_i)</math> and <math>(w_{i+1}, a_{i+1})</math> to a new point <math>\left(w_i + w_{i+1}, {w_i a_i + w_{i+1} a_{i+1} \over w_i + w_{i+1}}\right)</math>. [[File:Pava1.png|thumb|One step of the PAVA algorithm.]] However, after combining two points <math>(w_i, a_i)</math> and <math>(w_{i+1},a_{i+1})</math> to the new point <math>\left(w_i^\prime, a_i^\prime\right)</math>, this new point can violate the constraint <math>a_{i-1}\le a_i^\prime</math>. In this case it should be combined with the <math>(i-1)</math>-th point. If the combined point violates its constraint, it should be combined with the previous point, and so on. <!-- '''IMAGE'''Pava2 --> {{clear}} ====Algorithm==== Input: :array of <code>n</code> values: <code>initial_values[1] ... initial_values[n]</code> :array of <code>n</code> weights: <code>weights[1] ... weights[n]</code> Output: :array called <code>results</code> (<code>results[1] ... results[n]</code>) minimizing sum by <code>i</code> of <code>weights[i] * (initial_values[i] - results[i]) ** 2</code> The algorithm: :Initialize ::pooled_value[1] = initial_values[1] ::pooled_weight[1] = weights[1] ::num_segments = 1 ::segment_end[0] = 0 ::segment_end[1] = 1 :For current_index = 2 to n do: ::num_segments++ ::pooled_value[num_segments] = initial_values[current_index] ::pooled_weight[num_segments] = weights[current_index] ::while num_segments > 1 and pooled_value[num_segments] < pooled_value[num_segments - 1] do :::pooled_value[num_segments - 1] = ::::(pooled_weight[num_segments] * pooled_value[num_segments] + pooled_weight[num_segments - 1] * pooled_value[num_segments - 1]) / ::::(pooled_weight[num_segments] + pooled_weight[num_segments - 1]) :::pooled_weight[num_segments - 1] += pooled_weight[num_segments] :::num_segments-- ::segment_end[num_segments] = current_index :for segment_index = 1 to num_segments do: ::for value_index = segment_end[segment_index - 1] + 1 to segment_end[segment_index] do: :::result[value_index] = pooled_value[segment_index] Here <math>S</math> defines to which old points each new point corresponds. ===Arbitrary case algorithms=== In the arbitrary case, this can be solved as a quadratic problem. The best algorithm takes <math>\Theta(n^4)</math> time, see: * Maxwell, WL and Muckstadt, JA (1985), "Establishing consistent and realistic reorder intervals in production-distribution systems", Operations Research 33, pp. 1316-1341. * Spouge J, Wan H, and Wilbur WJ (2003), "Least squares isotonic regression in two dimensions", J. Optimization Theory and Apps. 117, pp. 585-605. ==Implementations== ===R=== ====isoreg==== The function '''isoreg''' performs unweighted linear ordering isotonic regression. It does not require any packages. For many simple cases, it is enough. Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=isoreg(y)$yf plot(x,y,cex=0.2) lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> The <tt>isoreg</tt> function also implements linear ordering isotonic regression as a model: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> x=rnorm(10000) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=isoreg(x,y)$yf plot(x,y,cex=0.2) lines(sort(x),y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====Iso==== The package '''Iso''' contains three functions: * '''pava''' - linear ordering isotonic regression, weighted or unweighted. * '''biviso''' - 2-d isotonic regression * '''ufit''' - unimodal order (increasing then decreasing) Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> install.packages("Iso") # should be done only once library("Iso") # should be done once per session x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=pava(y) plot(x,y,cex=0.2); lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====isotone==== This is the most advanced package. It contains two functions: * '''gpava''' - linear ordering isotonic regression, weighted or unweighted, for any metrics. Similarly to <tt>isoreg</tt>, <tt>gpava</tt> can implement linear ordering isotonic regression as a model. * '''activeSet''' - general isotonic regression for any metrics. Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> install.packages("isotone") # should be done only once library("isotone") # should be done once per session x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=gpava(y)$x plot(x,y,cex=0.2); lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====Comparison of speed==== Since all three libraries somehow implement the PAVA algorithm, we can compare their speed. As we can see on the graph below, for unweighted linear order isotonic regression (LOIR) with <math>n>200</math>, <tt>isoreg</tt> should be used. For weighted LOIR and unweighted LOIR with <math>n \le 200</math>, <tt>pava</tt> should be used. As for <tt>gpava</tt>, it should be used only for non-Euclidean metrics. Also, the implementations of weighted simple ordering isotonic regression on R are far from perfect. <!-- '''IMAGE''' IsoSpeed --> ===Java=== [[:w:Weka (software)|Weka]], a free software collection of machine learning algorithms for data mining tasks written in the [[:w:University of Waikato|University of Waikato]], contains, among others, an [https://weka.sourceforge.io/doc.stable/weka/classifiers/functions/IsotonicRegression.html isotonic regression classifier]. The classifier is deeply ingrained into the Weka's hierarchy of classes and cannot be used without Weka. ===Python=== While '''scikit-learn''' implements the isotonic regression, Andrew Tulloch made the Cython implementation of the algorithm for linear ordering isotnic regression, which is 14-5000 times faster, depending on the data size. See [Speeding up isotonic regression in scikit-learn by 5,000x https://tullo.ch/articles/speeding-up-isotonic-regression/]. If you just want the code, click [here https://gist.github.com/ajtulloch/9447845#file-_isotonic-pyx]. ==Usage== ===Calibrating the output for categorical probabilities=== For more information, see "Predicting Good Probabilities With Supervised Learning", by Alexandru Niculescu-Mizil and Rich Caruana. Most of the supervised learning algorithms, for example Random Forests[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/35x3v9t4#page-1], boosted trees, SVM etc. are good in predicting the most probable category, but not the probability. Some of them tend to overestimate high probabilities and underestimate low probabilities. (One notable exception is neural networks, which themselves produce a well calibrated prediction.) In order to obtain the correct probability, unweighted linear order isotonic regression can be used: :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final} = f(\hat y) </math> where :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final}</math> is a final prediction for probability :<math>\hat y</math> is a prediction given by the model :<math>f</math> is a non-decreasing function To find f, the model's predictions on the validation set are matched with the output variable, and the isotonic regression is applied to the pairs. An alternative approach is to pass <math>\hat y</math> through a sigmoid function: :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final} = {1\over 1 + e^{a-b\hat y}} </math> This is called Platt calibration. For small data sets, Platt calibration is better than isotonic regression. Starting at 200-5000 observations, the isotonic regression slightly outperforms Platt calibration. Note also that this kind of isotonic regression is simpler and faster than the logistic regression required by Platt calibration. ===Calibration of recommendation models=== ====The problem==== The following example is for recommendation engines, whose general purpose is to predict the grade given by user <math>u</math> to item <math>i</math>. We have a model M that predicts the residuals r of another model, trained on the training set. For cases with small number of users or items, the model is overfitted, and the predictions need to be relaxed: :<math>\hat r_{ui}^\mathrm{final} = f(\hat S_{ui})\hat r_{ui} </math> where :<math>\hat r_{ui}^\mathrm{final}</math> is a final prediction for user <math>u</math>, item <math>i</math> :<math>\hat r_{ui}</math> is a prediction given by the model :<math>f</math> is a non-decreasing function :<math>S_{ui}</math> may be either <math>S_u</math> (number of observations with user <math>u</math> in the training set), or <math>S_i</math> (number of observations with item <math>i</math> in the training set), or <math>\min(S_u, S_i)</math>, depending on the nature of the model. The letter <math>S</math> stands for support. ====Solution==== Given the set of triplets <math>(\hat r_k, r_k, S_k)</math> from validation database, we have: :<math>\min_f \sum_k \left(r_k - \hat r_k f(S_k)\right)^2 = \min_f \sum_k \hat r_k^2 \left( f(S_k) - \frac{r_k}{\hat r_k} \right)^2 + \operatorname{const} </math> Therefore, for <math>k</math>-th observation we should set weight <math>w_k=\hat y_k^2</math> and value <math>y_k = r_k / \hat r_k</math> . The triplets <math>(S_k, w_k, y_k)</math> then sorted with respect to <math>S</math>, and the isotonic regression applied to them. When a function directly predicts the rating or acceptance rate, rather than predicting the residual of some other model, we can define <math>r_{ui}</math> as the difference between this model and some simpler model (i. e. average rating for the item plus average rating correction for the user). This model is called basic model. ===Analysis and calibrating input variables=== Often, we know that an output variable depends monotonically on an input variable, but otherwise we have very little prior knowledge about the dependence. In this case, isotonic regression can provide important clues about the dependence. <!-- Below is a real-world example of bankruptcy flag vs revolving utilization of unsecured lines of credit, from the Give Me Some Credit contest. '''IMAGE''' IsoEx3 The dependency can be used in several ways: * to calibrate the input variable, perhaps after smoothing. In the case of the example, uncalibrated indicator produced the correlation of -0.002, due to outliers. The standard calibration, <math>\ln(x+1)</math>, produced a correlation of 0.18. The isotonic regression calibration gave a correlation of 0.30. * by the person who makes the final decision, in the context of human-machine cooperation. * to filter outliers. In this case, we see that the outlier filter should be set very low, probably around 1.1 or lower. The horizontal line starts at x=1.029. --> === Non-metric multidimensional scaling === A [[:w:multidimensional scaling|multidimensional scaling]] (MDS) algorithm, given the matrix of item–item similarities, places items into N-dimensional space such that similar items would be closer to each other than dissimilar items. This is especially useful for visualization purposes. There are several types of MDS, depending on the relationship between similarity and distance, as well as the definition of distance. For non-metric MDS, the distance can be any monotone function of similarity. The function is typically found using isotonic regression, see [[:w:multidimensional scaling#Non-metric multidimensional scaling|Non-metric multidimensional scaling]] in wikipedia. Non-metric multidimensional scaling is implemented as [https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/MASS/versions/7.3-61/topics/isoMDS|isoMDS] in the R's MASS library. ==Advantages, disadvantages, and post-processing== Advantages: * Non-parametric * Fast (linear time) * Simple Disadvantages: * one or more points at the ends of the interval are sometimes noisy * it compares favorably with other approaches only if the statistics are large enough (<math>n\gtrapprox 10^3</math> and ideally <math>n>10^4</math>) These drawbacks can be improved by smoothing the result of the isotonic regression. In this way, we can get the best of both worlds (smoothness and monotonicity). == External links == * Isotonic Regression Algorithms, by Quentin F. Stout - review of the best currently avaliable algorithms * Predicting Good Probabilities With Supervised Learning, by Alexandru Niculescu-Mizil, Rich Coruana * Probabilistic Outputs for Support Vector Machines and Comparisons to Regularized Likelihood Methods, by John C. Platt 56a0t416fnp69obb7627sh4f93qd5mz 4442342 4442341 2024-10-24T12:10:24Z Zadrali 3015261 did better indentation 4442342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Split}} ==Problem== Given values <math>a_1, ..., a_n</math> and their positive weights <math>w_1, ..., w_n</math>, approximate them as closely as possible by <math>y_1, ... y_n</math>, subject to a set of constraints of kind <math>y_i \le y_j</math> : : Given ::values <math>\mathbf{a} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math>, ::weights <math>\mathbf{w} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> such that <math>w_i>0</math> for all <math>i</math>, ::set of constraints <math>E \subset \{1,...,n\}^2</math>, :minimize <math>\sum_i w_i \left( y_i-a_i \right)^2</math> with respect to <math>\mathbf{y} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> subject to <math>y_i \le y_j</math> for all <math>(i,j)\in E</math> If all weights are equal to 1, the problem is called ''unweighted isotonic regression'', otherwise it is called ''weighted isotonic regression''. The graph <math>G=(V=\{1,2,...n\},E=E)</math> must to be acyclic. For example, hte constraints <math>x_2 \le x_5</math> and <math>x_5 \le x_2</math> cannot exist simultaneously. Example: :Minimize <math>3(y_1-2)^2+(y_2-1)^2+(y_3-4)^2+2y_4^2</math> subject to :: <math>y_1\le y_2</math> :: <math>y_2\le y_3</math> :: <math>y_2\le y_4</math> '''Linear order isotonic regression''' can be thought off as approximating given series of 1-dimensional observations with non-decreasing function. It is similar to smoothing splines, with the difference that we use monotonicity, rather than smoothness, to remove noise from the data. '''General isotonic regression''' is the approximation of a given series of values with values that satisfy a given partial order. == Linear order == Of a particular interest is linear order isotonic regression. : Given ::values <math>\mathbf{a} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math>, ::weights <math>\mathbf{w} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> such that <math>w_i>0</math> for all <math>i</math>, :minimize <math>\sum_i w_i \left( y_i-a_i \right)^2</math> with respect to <math>\mathbf{y} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> subject to <math>y_1 \le y_2\le\;...\;\le y_n</math> [[File:IsoExample1.png|frame|center|<center>Linear ordering isotonic regression for 100 points.</center>]] For linear order isotonic regression, there is a simple linear algorithm, called [[#Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm]] (PAVA). If all weights are equal to 1, the problem is called ''unweighted linear ordering isotonic regression''. === Example === [[File:IsoExample2.png|center|Linear ordering isotonic regression for {{math|10<sup>6</sup>}} points.]] * Isotonic regression for <math>10^6</math> points. * Left: points <math>(x_i, a_i)</math>, where <math>a_i=0 \text{ or }1</math>. The probability that <math>a_i=1</math> is determined by logistic function. Only 1000 points shown. * Right: result of isotonic regression (black graph) versus logistic function (red graph). The logistic function was recovered with high accuracy. ===Linear order isotonic regression as a model=== Sometimes, linear ordering isotonic regression is applied to a set of observations <math>(x_i, y_i), 1 \le i \le n</math>, where <math>x</math> is the explanatory variable, y is the dependent variable. The observations are sorted by their <math>x</math>'s, then the isotonic regression is applied to the <math>y</math>'s with the additional constraint <math>x_i=x_{i+1}\Rightarrow y_i=y_{i+1}</math> for all <math>i</math>. === Other variants === ==== Non-Euclidean metrics ==== Sometimes other metrics are used instead of the Euclidean metric, for example <math>L_1</math> metrics: :<math>\sum_i w_i \left | y_i-a_i \right |</math> or unweighted <math>L_\infty</math> metrics: :<math>\max_i \left | y_i-a_i \right |</math> ==== Points on a grid ==== Sometimes, values are placed on a 2d or higher dimensional grid. The fit value must increase along each dimension, e.g. :Minimize <math>\sum_{ij} w_{ij}\left(y_{ij}-x_{ij}\right)^2</math> with respect to y subject to :<math>y_{ij} \le y_{kl} \text{ if } i \le j,\ k \le l</math> ==Algorithms== ===Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm=== The Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm (PAVA) is a linear-time (and linear-memory) algorithm for linear order isotonic regression. ====Preliminary considerations==== The algorithm is based on the following theorem: Theorem: For an optimal solution, if <math>a_i \ge a_{i+1}</math>, then <math>y_i = y_{i+1}</math> Proof: Suppose the opposite, i.e. <math>y_i < y_{i+1}</math>. Then for sufficiently small <math>\varepsilon</math>, we can set :<math>y_i^\mathrm{new} = y_i + w_{i+1} \varepsilon </math> :<math>y_{i+1}^\mathrm{new} = y_{i+1} - w_i \varepsilon </math> which decreases the sum <math>\sum_i w_i(y_i-a_i)^2</math> without violating the constraints. Therefore, our original solution was not optimal. Contradiction. Since <math>y_i = y_{i+1}</math>, we can combine both points <math>(w_i, a_i)</math> and <math>(w_{i+1}, a_{i+1})</math> to a new point <math>\left(w_i + w_{i+1}, {w_i a_i + w_{i+1} a_{i+1} \over w_i + w_{i+1}}\right)</math>. [[File:Pava1.png|thumb|One step of the PAVA algorithm.]] However, after combining two points <math>(w_i, a_i)</math> and <math>(w_{i+1},a_{i+1})</math> to the new point <math>\left(w_i^\prime, a_i^\prime\right)</math>, this new point can violate the constraint <math>a_{i-1}\le a_i^\prime</math>. In this case it should be combined with the <math>(i-1)</math>-th point. If the combined point violates its constraint, it should be combined with the previous point, and so on. <!-- '''IMAGE'''Pava2 --> {{clear}} ====Algorithm==== Input: :array of <code>n</code> values: <code>initial_values[1] ... initial_values[n]</code> :array of <code>n</code> weights: <code>weights[1] ... weights[n]</code> Output: :array called <code>results</code> (<code>results[1] ... results[n]</code>) minimizing sum by <code>i</code> of <code>weights[i] * (initial_values[i] - results[i]) ** 2</code> The algorithm: :Initialize ::pooled_value[1] = initial_values[1] ::pooled_weight[1] = weights[1] ::num_segments = 1 ::segment_end[0] = 0 ::segment_end[1] = 1 :For current_index = 2 to n do: ::num_segments++ ::pooled_value[num_segments] = initial_values[current_index] ::pooled_weight[num_segments] = weights[current_index] ::while num_segments > 1 and pooled_value[num_segments] < pooled_value[num_segments - 1] do :::pooled_value[num_segments - 1] = ::::(pooled_weight[num_segments] * pooled_value[num_segments] + pooled_weight[num_segments - 1] * pooled_value[num_segments - 1]) / ::::(pooled_weight[num_segments] + pooled_weight[num_segments - 1]) :::pooled_weight[num_segments - 1] += pooled_weight[num_segments] :::num_segments-- ::segment_end[num_segments] = current_index :for segment_index = 1 to num_segments do: ::for value_index = segment_end[segment_index - 1] + 1 to segment_end[segment_index] do: :::result[value_index] = pooled_value[segment_index] Here <math>S</math> defines to which old points each new point corresponds. ===Arbitrary case algorithms=== In the arbitrary case, this can be solved as a quadratic problem. The best algorithm takes <math>\Theta(n^4)</math> time, see: * Maxwell, WL and Muckstadt, JA (1985), "Establishing consistent and realistic reorder intervals in production-distribution systems", Operations Research 33, pp. 1316-1341. * Spouge J, Wan H, and Wilbur WJ (2003), "Least squares isotonic regression in two dimensions", J. Optimization Theory and Apps. 117, pp. 585-605. ==Implementations== ===R=== ====isoreg==== The function '''isoreg''' performs unweighted linear ordering isotonic regression. It does not require any packages. For many simple cases, it is enough. Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=isoreg(y)$yf plot(x,y,cex=0.2) lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> The <tt>isoreg</tt> function also implements linear ordering isotonic regression as a model: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> x=rnorm(10000) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=isoreg(x,y)$yf plot(x,y,cex=0.2) lines(sort(x),y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====Iso==== The package '''Iso''' contains three functions: * '''pava''' - linear ordering isotonic regression, weighted or unweighted. * '''biviso''' - 2-d isotonic regression * '''ufit''' - unimodal order (increasing then decreasing) Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> install.packages("Iso") # should be done only once library("Iso") # should be done once per session x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=pava(y) plot(x,y,cex=0.2); lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====isotone==== This is the most advanced package. It contains two functions: * '''gpava''' - linear ordering isotonic regression, weighted or unweighted, for any metrics. Similarly to <tt>isoreg</tt>, <tt>gpava</tt> can implement linear ordering isotonic regression as a model. * '''activeSet''' - general isotonic regression for any metrics. Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> install.packages("isotone") # should be done only once library("isotone") # should be done once per session x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=gpava(y)$x plot(x,y,cex=0.2); lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====Comparison of speed==== Since all three libraries somehow implement the PAVA algorithm, we can compare their speed. As we can see on the graph below, for unweighted linear order isotonic regression (LOIR) with <math>n>200</math>, <tt>isoreg</tt> should be used. For weighted LOIR and unweighted LOIR with <math>n \le 200</math>, <tt>pava</tt> should be used. As for <tt>gpava</tt>, it should be used only for non-Euclidean metrics. Also, the implementations of weighted simple ordering isotonic regression on R are far from perfect. <!-- '''IMAGE''' IsoSpeed --> ===Java=== [[:w:Weka (software)|Weka]], a free software collection of machine learning algorithms for data mining tasks written in the [[:w:University of Waikato|University of Waikato]], contains, among others, an [https://weka.sourceforge.io/doc.stable/weka/classifiers/functions/IsotonicRegression.html isotonic regression classifier]. The classifier is deeply ingrained into the Weka's hierarchy of classes and cannot be used without Weka. ===Python=== While '''scikit-learn''' implements the isotonic regression, Andrew Tulloch made the Cython implementation of the algorithm for linear ordering isotnic regression, which is 14-5000 times faster, depending on the data size. See [Speeding up isotonic regression in scikit-learn by 5,000x https://tullo.ch/articles/speeding-up-isotonic-regression/]. If you just want the code, click [here https://gist.github.com/ajtulloch/9447845#file-_isotonic-pyx]. ==Usage== ===Calibrating the output for categorical probabilities=== For more information, see "Predicting Good Probabilities With Supervised Learning", by Alexandru Niculescu-Mizil and Rich Caruana. Most of the supervised learning algorithms, for example Random Forests[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/35x3v9t4#page-1], boosted trees, SVM etc. are good in predicting the most probable category, but not the probability. Some of them tend to overestimate high probabilities and underestimate low probabilities. (One notable exception is neural networks, which themselves produce a well calibrated prediction.) In order to obtain the correct probability, unweighted linear order isotonic regression can be used: :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final} = f(\hat y) </math> where :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final}</math> is a final prediction for probability :<math>\hat y</math> is a prediction given by the model :<math>f</math> is a non-decreasing function To find f, the model's predictions on the validation set are matched with the output variable, and the isotonic regression is applied to the pairs. An alternative approach is to pass <math>\hat y</math> through a sigmoid function: :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final} = {1\over 1 + e^{a-b\hat y}} </math> This is called Platt calibration. For small data sets, Platt calibration is better than isotonic regression. Starting at 200-5000 observations, the isotonic regression slightly outperforms Platt calibration. Note also that this kind of isotonic regression is simpler and faster than the logistic regression required by Platt calibration. ===Calibration of recommendation models=== ====The problem==== The following example is for recommendation engines, whose general purpose is to predict the grade given by user <math>u</math> to item <math>i</math>. We have a model M that predicts the residuals r of another model, trained on the training set. For cases with small number of users or items, the model is overfitted, and the predictions need to be relaxed: :<math>\hat r_{ui}^\mathrm{final} = f(\hat S_{ui})\hat r_{ui} </math> where :<math>\hat r_{ui}^\mathrm{final}</math> is a final prediction for user <math>u</math>, item <math>i</math> :<math>\hat r_{ui}</math> is a prediction given by the model :<math>f</math> is a non-decreasing function :<math>S_{ui}</math> may be either <math>S_u</math> (number of observations with user <math>u</math> in the training set), or <math>S_i</math> (number of observations with item <math>i</math> in the training set), or <math>\min(S_u, S_i)</math>, depending on the nature of the model. The letter <math>S</math> stands for support. ====Solution==== Given the set of triplets <math>(\hat r_k, r_k, S_k)</math> from validation database, we have: :<math>\min_f \sum_k \left(r_k - \hat r_k f(S_k)\right)^2 = \min_f \sum_k \hat r_k^2 \left( f(S_k) - \frac{r_k}{\hat r_k} \right)^2 + \operatorname{const} </math> Therefore, for <math>k</math>-th observation we should set weight <math>w_k=\hat y_k^2</math> and value <math>y_k = r_k / \hat r_k</math> . The triplets <math>(S_k, w_k, y_k)</math> then sorted with respect to <math>S</math>, and the isotonic regression applied to them. When a function directly predicts the rating or acceptance rate, rather than predicting the residual of some other model, we can define <math>r_{ui}</math> as the difference between this model and some simpler model (i. e. average rating for the item plus average rating correction for the user). This model is called basic model. ===Analysis and calibrating input variables=== Often, we know that an output variable depends monotonically on an input variable, but otherwise we have very little prior knowledge about the dependence. In this case, isotonic regression can provide important clues about the dependence. <!-- Below is a real-world example of bankruptcy flag vs revolving utilization of unsecured lines of credit, from the Give Me Some Credit contest. '''IMAGE''' IsoEx3 The dependency can be used in several ways: * to calibrate the input variable, perhaps after smoothing. In the case of the example, uncalibrated indicator produced the correlation of -0.002, due to outliers. The standard calibration, <math>\ln(x+1)</math>, produced a correlation of 0.18. The isotonic regression calibration gave a correlation of 0.30. * by the person who makes the final decision, in the context of human-machine cooperation. * to filter outliers. In this case, we see that the outlier filter should be set very low, probably around 1.1 or lower. The horizontal line starts at x=1.029. --> === Non-metric multidimensional scaling === A [[:w:multidimensional scaling|multidimensional scaling]] (MDS) algorithm, given the matrix of item–item similarities, places items into N-dimensional space such that similar items would be closer to each other than dissimilar items. This is especially useful for visualization purposes. There are several types of MDS, depending on the relationship between similarity and distance, as well as the definition of distance. For non-metric MDS, the distance can be any monotone function of similarity. The function is typically found using isotonic regression, see [[:w:multidimensional scaling#Non-metric multidimensional scaling|Non-metric multidimensional scaling]] in wikipedia. Non-metric multidimensional scaling is implemented as [https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/MASS/versions/7.3-61/topics/isoMDS|isoMDS] in the R's MASS library. ==Advantages, disadvantages, and post-processing== Advantages: * Non-parametric * Fast (linear time) * Simple Disadvantages: * one or more points at the ends of the interval are sometimes noisy * it compares favorably with other approaches only if the statistics are large enough (<math>n\gtrapprox 10^3</math> and ideally <math>n>10^4</math>) These drawbacks can be improved by smoothing the result of the isotonic regression. In this way, we can get the best of both worlds (smoothness and monotonicity). == External links == * Isotonic Regression Algorithms, by Quentin F. Stout - review of the best currently avaliable algorithms * Predicting Good Probabilities With Supervised Learning, by Alexandru Niculescu-Mizil, Rich Coruana * Probabilistic Outputs for Support Vector Machines and Comparisons to Regularized Likelihood Methods, by John C. Platt 6g72haxc6hvap5244jue220cnnix3xg 4442343 4442342 2024-10-24T12:12:04Z Zadrali 3015261 Removed "general isotonic regression", as it is the same as "isotonic regression" 4442343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Split}} ==Problem== Given values <math>a_1, ..., a_n</math> and their positive weights <math>w_1, ..., w_n</math>, approximate them as closely as possible by <math>y_1, ... y_n</math>, subject to a set of constraints of kind <math>y_i \le y_j</math> : : Given ::values <math>\mathbf{a} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math>, ::weights <math>\mathbf{w} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> such that <math>w_i>0</math> for all <math>i</math>, ::set of constraints <math>E \subset \{1,...,n\}^2</math>, :minimize <math>\sum_i w_i \left( y_i-a_i \right)^2</math> with respect to <math>\mathbf{y} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> subject to <math>y_i \le y_j</math> for all <math>(i,j)\in E</math> If all weights are equal to 1, the problem is called ''unweighted isotonic regression'', otherwise it is called ''weighted isotonic regression''. The graph <math>G=(V=\{1,2,...n\},E=E)</math> must to be acyclic. For example, hte constraints <math>x_2 \le x_5</math> and <math>x_5 \le x_2</math> cannot exist simultaneously. Example: :Minimize <math>3(y_1-2)^2+(y_2-1)^2+(y_3-4)^2+2y_4^2</math> subject to :: <math>y_1\le y_2</math> :: <math>y_2\le y_3</math> :: <math>y_2\le y_4</math> '''Linear order isotonic regression''' can be thought off as approximating given series of 1-dimensional observations with non-decreasing function. It is similar to smoothing splines, with the difference that we use monotonicity, rather than smoothness, to remove noise from the data. == Linear order == Of a particular interest is linear order isotonic regression. : Given ::values <math>\mathbf{a} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math>, ::weights <math>\mathbf{w} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> such that <math>w_i>0</math> for all <math>i</math>, :minimize <math>\sum_i w_i \left( y_i-a_i \right)^2</math> with respect to <math>\mathbf{y} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> subject to <math>y_1 \le y_2\le\;...\;\le y_n</math> [[File:IsoExample1.png|frame|center|<center>Linear ordering isotonic regression for 100 points.</center>]] For linear order isotonic regression, there is a simple linear algorithm, called [[#Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm]] (PAVA). If all weights are equal to 1, the problem is called ''unweighted linear ordering isotonic regression''. === Example === [[File:IsoExample2.png|center|Linear ordering isotonic regression for {{math|10<sup>6</sup>}} points.]] * Isotonic regression for <math>10^6</math> points. * Left: points <math>(x_i, a_i)</math>, where <math>a_i=0 \text{ or }1</math>. The probability that <math>a_i=1</math> is determined by logistic function. Only 1000 points shown. * Right: result of isotonic regression (black graph) versus logistic function (red graph). The logistic function was recovered with high accuracy. ===Linear order isotonic regression as a model=== Sometimes, linear ordering isotonic regression is applied to a set of observations <math>(x_i, y_i), 1 \le i \le n</math>, where <math>x</math> is the explanatory variable, y is the dependent variable. The observations are sorted by their <math>x</math>'s, then the isotonic regression is applied to the <math>y</math>'s with the additional constraint <math>x_i=x_{i+1}\Rightarrow y_i=y_{i+1}</math> for all <math>i</math>. === Other variants === ==== Non-Euclidean metrics ==== Sometimes other metrics are used instead of the Euclidean metric, for example <math>L_1</math> metrics: :<math>\sum_i w_i \left | y_i-a_i \right |</math> or unweighted <math>L_\infty</math> metrics: :<math>\max_i \left | y_i-a_i \right |</math> ==== Points on a grid ==== Sometimes, values are placed on a 2d or higher dimensional grid. The fit value must increase along each dimension, e.g. :Minimize <math>\sum_{ij} w_{ij}\left(y_{ij}-x_{ij}\right)^2</math> with respect to y subject to :<math>y_{ij} \le y_{kl} \text{ if } i \le j,\ k \le l</math> ==Algorithms== ===Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm=== The Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm (PAVA) is a linear-time (and linear-memory) algorithm for linear order isotonic regression. ====Preliminary considerations==== The algorithm is based on the following theorem: Theorem: For an optimal solution, if <math>a_i \ge a_{i+1}</math>, then <math>y_i = y_{i+1}</math> Proof: Suppose the opposite, i.e. <math>y_i < y_{i+1}</math>. Then for sufficiently small <math>\varepsilon</math>, we can set :<math>y_i^\mathrm{new} = y_i + w_{i+1} \varepsilon </math> :<math>y_{i+1}^\mathrm{new} = y_{i+1} - w_i \varepsilon </math> which decreases the sum <math>\sum_i w_i(y_i-a_i)^2</math> without violating the constraints. Therefore, our original solution was not optimal. Contradiction. Since <math>y_i = y_{i+1}</math>, we can combine both points <math>(w_i, a_i)</math> and <math>(w_{i+1}, a_{i+1})</math> to a new point <math>\left(w_i + w_{i+1}, {w_i a_i + w_{i+1} a_{i+1} \over w_i + w_{i+1}}\right)</math>. [[File:Pava1.png|thumb|One step of the PAVA algorithm.]] However, after combining two points <math>(w_i, a_i)</math> and <math>(w_{i+1},a_{i+1})</math> to the new point <math>\left(w_i^\prime, a_i^\prime\right)</math>, this new point can violate the constraint <math>a_{i-1}\le a_i^\prime</math>. In this case it should be combined with the <math>(i-1)</math>-th point. If the combined point violates its constraint, it should be combined with the previous point, and so on. <!-- '''IMAGE'''Pava2 --> {{clear}} ====Algorithm==== Input: :array of <code>n</code> values: <code>initial_values[1] ... initial_values[n]</code> :array of <code>n</code> weights: <code>weights[1] ... weights[n]</code> Output: :array called <code>results</code> (<code>results[1] ... results[n]</code>) minimizing sum by <code>i</code> of <code>weights[i] * (initial_values[i] - results[i]) ** 2</code> The algorithm: :Initialize ::pooled_value[1] = initial_values[1] ::pooled_weight[1] = weights[1] ::num_segments = 1 ::segment_end[0] = 0 ::segment_end[1] = 1 :For current_index = 2 to n do: ::num_segments++ ::pooled_value[num_segments] = initial_values[current_index] ::pooled_weight[num_segments] = weights[current_index] ::while num_segments > 1 and pooled_value[num_segments] < pooled_value[num_segments - 1] do :::pooled_value[num_segments - 1] = ::::(pooled_weight[num_segments] * pooled_value[num_segments] + pooled_weight[num_segments - 1] * pooled_value[num_segments - 1]) / ::::(pooled_weight[num_segments] + pooled_weight[num_segments - 1]) :::pooled_weight[num_segments - 1] += pooled_weight[num_segments] :::num_segments-- ::segment_end[num_segments] = current_index :for segment_index = 1 to num_segments do: ::for value_index = segment_end[segment_index - 1] + 1 to segment_end[segment_index] do: :::result[value_index] = pooled_value[segment_index] Here <math>S</math> defines to which old points each new point corresponds. ===Arbitrary case algorithms=== In the arbitrary case, this can be solved as a quadratic problem. The best algorithm takes <math>\Theta(n^4)</math> time, see: * Maxwell, WL and Muckstadt, JA (1985), "Establishing consistent and realistic reorder intervals in production-distribution systems", Operations Research 33, pp. 1316-1341. * Spouge J, Wan H, and Wilbur WJ (2003), "Least squares isotonic regression in two dimensions", J. Optimization Theory and Apps. 117, pp. 585-605. ==Implementations== ===R=== ====isoreg==== The function '''isoreg''' performs unweighted linear ordering isotonic regression. It does not require any packages. For many simple cases, it is enough. Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=isoreg(y)$yf plot(x,y,cex=0.2) lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> The <tt>isoreg</tt> function also implements linear ordering isotonic regression as a model: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> x=rnorm(10000) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=isoreg(x,y)$yf plot(x,y,cex=0.2) lines(sort(x),y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====Iso==== The package '''Iso''' contains three functions: * '''pava''' - linear ordering isotonic regression, weighted or unweighted. * '''biviso''' - 2-d isotonic regression * '''ufit''' - unimodal order (increasing then decreasing) Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> install.packages("Iso") # should be done only once library("Iso") # should be done once per session x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=pava(y) plot(x,y,cex=0.2); lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====isotone==== This is the most advanced package. It contains two functions: * '''gpava''' - linear ordering isotonic regression, weighted or unweighted, for any metrics. Similarly to <tt>isoreg</tt>, <tt>gpava</tt> can implement linear ordering isotonic regression as a model. * '''activeSet''' - general isotonic regression for any metrics. Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> install.packages("isotone") # should be done only once library("isotone") # should be done once per session x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=gpava(y)$x plot(x,y,cex=0.2); lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====Comparison of speed==== Since all three libraries somehow implement the PAVA algorithm, we can compare their speed. As we can see on the graph below, for unweighted linear order isotonic regression (LOIR) with <math>n>200</math>, <tt>isoreg</tt> should be used. For weighted LOIR and unweighted LOIR with <math>n \le 200</math>, <tt>pava</tt> should be used. As for <tt>gpava</tt>, it should be used only for non-Euclidean metrics. Also, the implementations of weighted simple ordering isotonic regression on R are far from perfect. <!-- '''IMAGE''' IsoSpeed --> ===Java=== [[:w:Weka (software)|Weka]], a free software collection of machine learning algorithms for data mining tasks written in the [[:w:University of Waikato|University of Waikato]], contains, among others, an [https://weka.sourceforge.io/doc.stable/weka/classifiers/functions/IsotonicRegression.html isotonic regression classifier]. The classifier is deeply ingrained into the Weka's hierarchy of classes and cannot be used without Weka. ===Python=== While '''scikit-learn''' implements the isotonic regression, Andrew Tulloch made the Cython implementation of the algorithm for linear ordering isotnic regression, which is 14-5000 times faster, depending on the data size. See [Speeding up isotonic regression in scikit-learn by 5,000x https://tullo.ch/articles/speeding-up-isotonic-regression/]. If you just want the code, click [here https://gist.github.com/ajtulloch/9447845#file-_isotonic-pyx]. ==Usage== ===Calibrating the output for categorical probabilities=== For more information, see "Predicting Good Probabilities With Supervised Learning", by Alexandru Niculescu-Mizil and Rich Caruana. Most of the supervised learning algorithms, for example Random Forests[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/35x3v9t4#page-1], boosted trees, SVM etc. are good in predicting the most probable category, but not the probability. Some of them tend to overestimate high probabilities and underestimate low probabilities. (One notable exception is neural networks, which themselves produce a well calibrated prediction.) In order to obtain the correct probability, unweighted linear order isotonic regression can be used: :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final} = f(\hat y) </math> where :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final}</math> is a final prediction for probability :<math>\hat y</math> is a prediction given by the model :<math>f</math> is a non-decreasing function To find f, the model's predictions on the validation set are matched with the output variable, and the isotonic regression is applied to the pairs. An alternative approach is to pass <math>\hat y</math> through a sigmoid function: :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final} = {1\over 1 + e^{a-b\hat y}} </math> This is called Platt calibration. For small data sets, Platt calibration is better than isotonic regression. Starting at 200-5000 observations, the isotonic regression slightly outperforms Platt calibration. Note also that this kind of isotonic regression is simpler and faster than the logistic regression required by Platt calibration. ===Calibration of recommendation models=== ====The problem==== The following example is for recommendation engines, whose general purpose is to predict the grade given by user <math>u</math> to item <math>i</math>. We have a model M that predicts the residuals r of another model, trained on the training set. For cases with small number of users or items, the model is overfitted, and the predictions need to be relaxed: :<math>\hat r_{ui}^\mathrm{final} = f(\hat S_{ui})\hat r_{ui} </math> where :<math>\hat r_{ui}^\mathrm{final}</math> is a final prediction for user <math>u</math>, item <math>i</math> :<math>\hat r_{ui}</math> is a prediction given by the model :<math>f</math> is a non-decreasing function :<math>S_{ui}</math> may be either <math>S_u</math> (number of observations with user <math>u</math> in the training set), or <math>S_i</math> (number of observations with item <math>i</math> in the training set), or <math>\min(S_u, S_i)</math>, depending on the nature of the model. The letter <math>S</math> stands for support. ====Solution==== Given the set of triplets <math>(\hat r_k, r_k, S_k)</math> from validation database, we have: :<math>\min_f \sum_k \left(r_k - \hat r_k f(S_k)\right)^2 = \min_f \sum_k \hat r_k^2 \left( f(S_k) - \frac{r_k}{\hat r_k} \right)^2 + \operatorname{const} </math> Therefore, for <math>k</math>-th observation we should set weight <math>w_k=\hat y_k^2</math> and value <math>y_k = r_k / \hat r_k</math> . The triplets <math>(S_k, w_k, y_k)</math> then sorted with respect to <math>S</math>, and the isotonic regression applied to them. When a function directly predicts the rating or acceptance rate, rather than predicting the residual of some other model, we can define <math>r_{ui}</math> as the difference between this model and some simpler model (i. e. average rating for the item plus average rating correction for the user). This model is called basic model. ===Analysis and calibrating input variables=== Often, we know that an output variable depends monotonically on an input variable, but otherwise we have very little prior knowledge about the dependence. In this case, isotonic regression can provide important clues about the dependence. <!-- Below is a real-world example of bankruptcy flag vs revolving utilization of unsecured lines of credit, from the Give Me Some Credit contest. '''IMAGE''' IsoEx3 The dependency can be used in several ways: * to calibrate the input variable, perhaps after smoothing. In the case of the example, uncalibrated indicator produced the correlation of -0.002, due to outliers. The standard calibration, <math>\ln(x+1)</math>, produced a correlation of 0.18. The isotonic regression calibration gave a correlation of 0.30. * by the person who makes the final decision, in the context of human-machine cooperation. * to filter outliers. In this case, we see that the outlier filter should be set very low, probably around 1.1 or lower. The horizontal line starts at x=1.029. --> === Non-metric multidimensional scaling === A [[:w:multidimensional scaling|multidimensional scaling]] (MDS) algorithm, given the matrix of item–item similarities, places items into N-dimensional space such that similar items would be closer to each other than dissimilar items. This is especially useful for visualization purposes. There are several types of MDS, depending on the relationship between similarity and distance, as well as the definition of distance. For non-metric MDS, the distance can be any monotone function of similarity. The function is typically found using isotonic regression, see [[:w:multidimensional scaling#Non-metric multidimensional scaling|Non-metric multidimensional scaling]] in wikipedia. Non-metric multidimensional scaling is implemented as [https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/MASS/versions/7.3-61/topics/isoMDS|isoMDS] in the R's MASS library. ==Advantages, disadvantages, and post-processing== Advantages: * Non-parametric * Fast (linear time) * Simple Disadvantages: * one or more points at the ends of the interval are sometimes noisy * it compares favorably with other approaches only if the statistics are large enough (<math>n\gtrapprox 10^3</math> and ideally <math>n>10^4</math>) These drawbacks can be improved by smoothing the result of the isotonic regression. In this way, we can get the best of both worlds (smoothness and monotonicity). == External links == * Isotonic Regression Algorithms, by Quentin F. Stout - review of the best currently avaliable algorithms * Predicting Good Probabilities With Supervised Learning, by Alexandru Niculescu-Mizil, Rich Coruana * Probabilistic Outputs for Support Vector Machines and Comparisons to Regularized Likelihood Methods, by John C. Platt pa5g7bsr3z9ww2n7iscbbhtn1ghfxj8 4442345 4442343 2024-10-24T12:14:24Z Zadrali 3015261 removed the "linear ordering isotonic regression" to the specified section 4442345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Split}} ==Problem== Given values <math>a_1, ..., a_n</math> and their positive weights <math>w_1, ..., w_n</math>, approximate them as closely as possible by <math>y_1, ... y_n</math>, subject to a set of constraints of kind <math>y_i \le y_j</math> : : Given ::values <math>\mathbf{a} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math>, ::weights <math>\mathbf{w} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> such that <math>w_i>0</math> for all <math>i</math>, ::set of constraints <math>E \subset \{1,...,n\}^2</math>, :minimize <math>\sum_i w_i \left( y_i-a_i \right)^2</math> with respect to <math>\mathbf{y} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> subject to <math>y_i \le y_j</math> for all <math>(i,j)\in E</math> If all weights are equal to 1, the problem is called ''unweighted isotonic regression'', otherwise it is called ''weighted isotonic regression''. The graph <math>G=(V=\{1,2,...n\},E=E)</math> must to be acyclic. For example, hte constraints <math>x_2 \le x_5</math> and <math>x_5 \le x_2</math> cannot exist simultaneously. Example: :Minimize <math>3(y_1-2)^2+(y_2-1)^2+(y_3-4)^2+2y_4^2</math> subject to :: <math>y_1\le y_2</math> :: <math>y_2\le y_3</math> :: <math>y_2\le y_4</math> == Linear order == Of a particular interest is '''linear order isotonic regression'''. : Given ::values <math>\mathbf{a} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math>, ::weights <math>\mathbf{w} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> such that <math>w_i>0</math> for all <math>i</math>, :minimize <math>\sum_i w_i \left( y_i-a_i \right)^2</math> with respect to <math>\mathbf{y} \in \Bbb{R}^n</math> subject to <math>y_1 \le y_2\le\;...\;\le y_n</math> [[File:IsoExample1.png|frame|center|<center>Linear ordering isotonic regression for 100 points.</center>]] For linear order isotonic regression, there is a simple linear algorithm, called [[#Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm]] (PAVA). If all weights are equal to 1, the problem is called '''unweighted linear ordering isotonic regression'''. Linear order isotonic regression can be thought off as approximating given series of 1-dimensional observations with non-decreasing function. It is similar to smoothing splines, with the difference that we use monotonicity, rather than smoothness, to remove noise from the data. === Example === [[File:IsoExample2.png|center|Linear ordering isotonic regression for {{math|10<sup>6</sup>}} points.]] * Isotonic regression for <math>10^6</math> points. * Left: points <math>(x_i, a_i)</math>, where <math>a_i=0 \text{ or }1</math>. The probability that <math>a_i=1</math> is determined by logistic function. Only 1000 points shown. * Right: result of isotonic regression (black graph) versus logistic function (red graph). The logistic function was recovered with high accuracy. ===Linear order isotonic regression as a model=== Sometimes, linear ordering isotonic regression is applied to a set of observations <math>(x_i, y_i), 1 \le i \le n</math>, where <math>x</math> is the explanatory variable, y is the dependent variable. The observations are sorted by their <math>x</math>'s, then the isotonic regression is applied to the <math>y</math>'s with the additional constraint <math>x_i=x_{i+1}\Rightarrow y_i=y_{i+1}</math> for all <math>i</math>. === Other variants === ==== Non-Euclidean metrics ==== Sometimes other metrics are used instead of the Euclidean metric, for example <math>L_1</math> metrics: :<math>\sum_i w_i \left | y_i-a_i \right |</math> or unweighted <math>L_\infty</math> metrics: :<math>\max_i \left | y_i-a_i \right |</math> ==== Points on a grid ==== Sometimes, values are placed on a 2d or higher dimensional grid. The fit value must increase along each dimension, e.g. :Minimize <math>\sum_{ij} w_{ij}\left(y_{ij}-x_{ij}\right)^2</math> with respect to y subject to :<math>y_{ij} \le y_{kl} \text{ if } i \le j,\ k \le l</math> ==Algorithms== ===Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm=== The Pool Adjacent Violators Algorithm (PAVA) is a linear-time (and linear-memory) algorithm for linear order isotonic regression. ====Preliminary considerations==== The algorithm is based on the following theorem: Theorem: For an optimal solution, if <math>a_i \ge a_{i+1}</math>, then <math>y_i = y_{i+1}</math> Proof: Suppose the opposite, i.e. <math>y_i < y_{i+1}</math>. Then for sufficiently small <math>\varepsilon</math>, we can set :<math>y_i^\mathrm{new} = y_i + w_{i+1} \varepsilon </math> :<math>y_{i+1}^\mathrm{new} = y_{i+1} - w_i \varepsilon </math> which decreases the sum <math>\sum_i w_i(y_i-a_i)^2</math> without violating the constraints. Therefore, our original solution was not optimal. Contradiction. Since <math>y_i = y_{i+1}</math>, we can combine both points <math>(w_i, a_i)</math> and <math>(w_{i+1}, a_{i+1})</math> to a new point <math>\left(w_i + w_{i+1}, {w_i a_i + w_{i+1} a_{i+1} \over w_i + w_{i+1}}\right)</math>. [[File:Pava1.png|thumb|One step of the PAVA algorithm.]] However, after combining two points <math>(w_i, a_i)</math> and <math>(w_{i+1},a_{i+1})</math> to the new point <math>\left(w_i^\prime, a_i^\prime\right)</math>, this new point can violate the constraint <math>a_{i-1}\le a_i^\prime</math>. In this case it should be combined with the <math>(i-1)</math>-th point. If the combined point violates its constraint, it should be combined with the previous point, and so on. <!-- '''IMAGE'''Pava2 --> {{clear}} ====Algorithm==== Input: :array of <code>n</code> values: <code>initial_values[1] ... initial_values[n]</code> :array of <code>n</code> weights: <code>weights[1] ... weights[n]</code> Output: :array called <code>results</code> (<code>results[1] ... results[n]</code>) minimizing sum by <code>i</code> of <code>weights[i] * (initial_values[i] - results[i]) ** 2</code> The algorithm: :Initialize ::pooled_value[1] = initial_values[1] ::pooled_weight[1] = weights[1] ::num_segments = 1 ::segment_end[0] = 0 ::segment_end[1] = 1 :For current_index = 2 to n do: ::num_segments++ ::pooled_value[num_segments] = initial_values[current_index] ::pooled_weight[num_segments] = weights[current_index] ::while num_segments > 1 and pooled_value[num_segments] < pooled_value[num_segments - 1] do :::pooled_value[num_segments - 1] = ::::(pooled_weight[num_segments] * pooled_value[num_segments] + pooled_weight[num_segments - 1] * pooled_value[num_segments - 1]) / ::::(pooled_weight[num_segments] + pooled_weight[num_segments - 1]) :::pooled_weight[num_segments - 1] += pooled_weight[num_segments] :::num_segments-- ::segment_end[num_segments] = current_index :for segment_index = 1 to num_segments do: ::for value_index = segment_end[segment_index - 1] + 1 to segment_end[segment_index] do: :::result[value_index] = pooled_value[segment_index] Here <math>S</math> defines to which old points each new point corresponds. ===Arbitrary case algorithms=== In the arbitrary case, this can be solved as a quadratic problem. The best algorithm takes <math>\Theta(n^4)</math> time, see: * Maxwell, WL and Muckstadt, JA (1985), "Establishing consistent and realistic reorder intervals in production-distribution systems", Operations Research 33, pp. 1316-1341. * Spouge J, Wan H, and Wilbur WJ (2003), "Least squares isotonic regression in two dimensions", J. Optimization Theory and Apps. 117, pp. 585-605. ==Implementations== ===R=== ====isoreg==== The function '''isoreg''' performs unweighted linear ordering isotonic regression. It does not require any packages. For many simple cases, it is enough. Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=isoreg(y)$yf plot(x,y,cex=0.2) lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> The <tt>isoreg</tt> function also implements linear ordering isotonic regression as a model: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> x=rnorm(10000) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=isoreg(x,y)$yf plot(x,y,cex=0.2) lines(sort(x),y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====Iso==== The package '''Iso''' contains three functions: * '''pava''' - linear ordering isotonic regression, weighted or unweighted. * '''biviso''' - 2-d isotonic regression * '''ufit''' - unimodal order (increasing then decreasing) Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> install.packages("Iso") # should be done only once library("Iso") # should be done once per session x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=pava(y) plot(x,y,cex=0.2); lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====isotone==== This is the most advanced package. It contains two functions: * '''gpava''' - linear ordering isotonic regression, weighted or unweighted, for any metrics. Similarly to <tt>isoreg</tt>, <tt>gpava</tt> can implement linear ordering isotonic regression as a model. * '''activeSet''' - general isotonic regression for any metrics. Example of usage: <syntaxhighlight lang="R"> install.packages("isotone") # should be done only once library("isotone") # should be done once per session x=sort(rnorm(10000)) y=x+rnorm(10000) y.iso=gpava(y)$x plot(x,y,cex=0.2); lines(x,y.iso,lwd=2,col=2) </syntaxhighlight> ====Comparison of speed==== Since all three libraries somehow implement the PAVA algorithm, we can compare their speed. As we can see on the graph below, for unweighted linear order isotonic regression (LOIR) with <math>n>200</math>, <tt>isoreg</tt> should be used. For weighted LOIR and unweighted LOIR with <math>n \le 200</math>, <tt>pava</tt> should be used. As for <tt>gpava</tt>, it should be used only for non-Euclidean metrics. Also, the implementations of weighted simple ordering isotonic regression on R are far from perfect. <!-- '''IMAGE''' IsoSpeed --> ===Java=== [[:w:Weka (software)|Weka]], a free software collection of machine learning algorithms for data mining tasks written in the [[:w:University of Waikato|University of Waikato]], contains, among others, an [https://weka.sourceforge.io/doc.stable/weka/classifiers/functions/IsotonicRegression.html isotonic regression classifier]. The classifier is deeply ingrained into the Weka's hierarchy of classes and cannot be used without Weka. ===Python=== While '''scikit-learn''' implements the isotonic regression, Andrew Tulloch made the Cython implementation of the algorithm for linear ordering isotnic regression, which is 14-5000 times faster, depending on the data size. See [Speeding up isotonic regression in scikit-learn by 5,000x https://tullo.ch/articles/speeding-up-isotonic-regression/]. If you just want the code, click [here https://gist.github.com/ajtulloch/9447845#file-_isotonic-pyx]. ==Usage== ===Calibrating the output for categorical probabilities=== For more information, see "Predicting Good Probabilities With Supervised Learning", by Alexandru Niculescu-Mizil and Rich Caruana. Most of the supervised learning algorithms, for example Random Forests[https://escholarship.org/uc/item/35x3v9t4#page-1], boosted trees, SVM etc. are good in predicting the most probable category, but not the probability. Some of them tend to overestimate high probabilities and underestimate low probabilities. (One notable exception is neural networks, which themselves produce a well calibrated prediction.) In order to obtain the correct probability, unweighted linear order isotonic regression can be used: :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final} = f(\hat y) </math> where :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final}</math> is a final prediction for probability :<math>\hat y</math> is a prediction given by the model :<math>f</math> is a non-decreasing function To find f, the model's predictions on the validation set are matched with the output variable, and the isotonic regression is applied to the pairs. An alternative approach is to pass <math>\hat y</math> through a sigmoid function: :<math>\hat y^\mathrm{final} = {1\over 1 + e^{a-b\hat y}} </math> This is called Platt calibration. For small data sets, Platt calibration is better than isotonic regression. Starting at 200-5000 observations, the isotonic regression slightly outperforms Platt calibration. Note also that this kind of isotonic regression is simpler and faster than the logistic regression required by Platt calibration. ===Calibration of recommendation models=== ====The problem==== The following example is for recommendation engines, whose general purpose is to predict the grade given by user <math>u</math> to item <math>i</math>. We have a model M that predicts the residuals r of another model, trained on the training set. For cases with small number of users or items, the model is overfitted, and the predictions need to be relaxed: :<math>\hat r_{ui}^\mathrm{final} = f(\hat S_{ui})\hat r_{ui} </math> where :<math>\hat r_{ui}^\mathrm{final}</math> is a final prediction for user <math>u</math>, item <math>i</math> :<math>\hat r_{ui}</math> is a prediction given by the model :<math>f</math> is a non-decreasing function :<math>S_{ui}</math> may be either <math>S_u</math> (number of observations with user <math>u</math> in the training set), or <math>S_i</math> (number of observations with item <math>i</math> in the training set), or <math>\min(S_u, S_i)</math>, depending on the nature of the model. The letter <math>S</math> stands for support. ====Solution==== Given the set of triplets <math>(\hat r_k, r_k, S_k)</math> from validation database, we have: :<math>\min_f \sum_k \left(r_k - \hat r_k f(S_k)\right)^2 = \min_f \sum_k \hat r_k^2 \left( f(S_k) - \frac{r_k}{\hat r_k} \right)^2 + \operatorname{const} </math> Therefore, for <math>k</math>-th observation we should set weight <math>w_k=\hat y_k^2</math> and value <math>y_k = r_k / \hat r_k</math> . The triplets <math>(S_k, w_k, y_k)</math> then sorted with respect to <math>S</math>, and the isotonic regression applied to them. When a function directly predicts the rating or acceptance rate, rather than predicting the residual of some other model, we can define <math>r_{ui}</math> as the difference between this model and some simpler model (i. e. average rating for the item plus average rating correction for the user). This model is called basic model. ===Analysis and calibrating input variables=== Often, we know that an output variable depends monotonically on an input variable, but otherwise we have very little prior knowledge about the dependence. In this case, isotonic regression can provide important clues about the dependence. <!-- Below is a real-world example of bankruptcy flag vs revolving utilization of unsecured lines of credit, from the Give Me Some Credit contest. '''IMAGE''' IsoEx3 The dependency can be used in several ways: * to calibrate the input variable, perhaps after smoothing. In the case of the example, uncalibrated indicator produced the correlation of -0.002, due to outliers. The standard calibration, <math>\ln(x+1)</math>, produced a correlation of 0.18. The isotonic regression calibration gave a correlation of 0.30. * by the person who makes the final decision, in the context of human-machine cooperation. * to filter outliers. In this case, we see that the outlier filter should be set very low, probably around 1.1 or lower. The horizontal line starts at x=1.029. --> === Non-metric multidimensional scaling === A [[:w:multidimensional scaling|multidimensional scaling]] (MDS) algorithm, given the matrix of item–item similarities, places items into N-dimensional space such that similar items would be closer to each other than dissimilar items. This is especially useful for visualization purposes. There are several types of MDS, depending on the relationship between similarity and distance, as well as the definition of distance. For non-metric MDS, the distance can be any monotone function of similarity. The function is typically found using isotonic regression, see [[:w:multidimensional scaling#Non-metric multidimensional scaling|Non-metric multidimensional scaling]] in wikipedia. Non-metric multidimensional scaling is implemented as [https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/MASS/versions/7.3-61/topics/isoMDS|isoMDS] in the R's MASS library. ==Advantages, disadvantages, and post-processing== Advantages: * Non-parametric * Fast (linear time) * Simple Disadvantages: * one or more points at the ends of the interval are sometimes noisy * it compares favorably with other approaches only if the statistics are large enough (<math>n\gtrapprox 10^3</math> and ideally <math>n>10^4</math>) These drawbacks can be improved by smoothing the result of the isotonic regression. In this way, we can get the best of both worlds (smoothness and monotonicity). == External links == * Isotonic Regression Algorithms, by Quentin F. Stout - review of the best currently avaliable algorithms * Predicting Good Probabilities With Supervised Learning, by Alexandru Niculescu-Mizil, Rich Coruana * Probabilistic Outputs for Support Vector Machines and Comparisons to Regularized Likelihood Methods, by John C. Platt pjbwdyv6wehf6w5xfx5s9456nuins6l Chess Opening Theory/1. g4/1...d6 0 468984 4442438 4428949 2024-10-25T07:35:45Z 2404:440C:1706:EC00:ED79:2EFB:B58E:89 Corrected header 4442438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position|Grob's Attack}} == 1...d3 == Black attacks the g4-pawn with the bishop. White should ignore the attack and play [[/2. Bg2/]], because after 2... Bxg4?! 3. Bxb7 Nd7 4. Bxa8 Qxa8 White is up one point of material but Black has their queen on an active square and is threatening to capture White's rook on h1. Protecting the pawn with [[/2. h3/]] is another good choice. {{ChessMid}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} m98k1e5uzhwfz5vhv2i6nr1jje62dag 4442439 4442438 2024-10-25T07:36:25Z 2404:440C:1706:EC00:ED79:2EFB:B58E:89 Correction: Fixed 4442439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position|Grob's Attack}} == 1...d6 == Black attacks the g4-pawn with the bishop. White should ignore the attack and play [[/2. Bg2/]], because after 2... Bxg4?! 3. Bxb7 Nd7 4. Bxa8 Qxa8 White is up one point of material but Black has their queen on an active square and is threatening to capture White's rook on h1. Protecting the pawn with [[/2. h3/]] is another good choice. {{ChessMid}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} 9kidynno469u106hujye46w65cwrna4 Wikijunior:Presidents of the United States/John Adams 110 470158 4442437 4442268 2024-10-25T05:42:48Z Xania 40302 Set edit review settings for "Wikijunior:Presidents of the United States/John Adams": Wikijunior page [Default: Stable] 4442268 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gilbert Stuart, John Adams, c. 1800-1815, NGA 42933.jpg|thumb|This is a portrait of John Adams. It was painted by Gilbert Stuart, who also painted a portrait of George Washington.]] {| class="wikitable" |+Key words in this text !Word !Meaning |- |Predecessor |Someone who comes before another, usually in a position |- |Alumni |Graduates of a school |- | | |} '''John Adams''' was the second president of the United States. He also held other positions, including being [[Wikijunior:Presidents of the United States/George Washington|George Washington]]'s vice president before John himself became president. He also signed the Declaration of Independence. His son, John Quincy Adams, also served as president. == Early life == John Adams was born on October 30, 1735 in Braintree, Massachusetts. At the time, the Thirteen Colonies were still ruled by Great Britain. He had two younger brothers, Peter and Elihu (eh-lee-hoo). Unlike his '''predecessor''', John Adams received much formal schooling. He attended school and also learned to speak Latin, the language spoken in Ancient Rome. When he was 15, he began studying at Harvard College (now Harvard University); since, seven more Harvard '''alumni''' have served as president of the United States. [[Category:Book:Wikijunior:Presidents of the United States]] g2x9wfs9adia5uzpcc3l2pybhia2lvw User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez/Collections/Linguæ Latinæ Loquimur 2 470170 4442349 4442325 2024-10-24T12:21:15Z Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez 3429664 4442349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{saved book |title= |subtitle= |cover-image= |cover-color=}} :[[Beginners Guide to Ladino]] :[[Catalan]] :[[Galician]] :[[Insubric]] :[[Italian]] :[[Leonese]] :[[Lombard]] :[[Molisan]] :[[Neapolitan]] :[[Pizzonese]] :[[Provençal]] :[[Romanian]] :[[Sardinian]] :[[Shelf:French language]] :[[Shelf:Latin language]] :[[Shelf:Portuguese language]] :[[Shelf:Spanish language]] :[[Sicilian]] 615uogw08y1zet7pqizaywj5c4r3b7v 4442350 4442349 2024-10-24T12:35:31Z Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez 3429664 4442350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{saved book |title=Latina × Proto Germanic |subtitle=Linguæ Latinæ Loquimur |cover-image= |cover-color=#C8A2C8}} :[[Beginners Guide to Ladino]] :[[Catalan]] :[[Galician]] 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book |title= |subtitle= |cover-image= |cover-color=}} :[[Austrian German]] :[[Danish]] :[[Dutch]] :[[Faroese]] :[[Gothic]] :[[Greenlandic]] :[[Icelandic]] :[[Icelandic Songbook]] :[[Learn Shavian]] :[[Limburgish]] :[[Luxembourgish]] :[[Proto-Germanic]] :[[Shelf:English language]] :[[Shelf:German language]] :[[Shelf:Norwegian language]] :[[Shelf:Yiddish language]] :[[Swedish]]" 4442338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{saved book |title= |subtitle= |cover-image= |cover-color=}} :[[Austrian German]] :[[Danish]] :[[Dutch]] :[[Faroese]] :[[Gothic]] :[[Greenlandic]] :[[Icelandic]] :[[Icelandic Songbook]] :[[Learn Shavian]] :[[Limburgish]] :[[Luxembourgish]] :[[Proto-Germanic]] :[[Shelf:English language]] :[[Shelf:German language]] :[[Shelf:Norwegian language]] :[[Shelf:Yiddish language]] :[[Swedish]] a20xm9yo5uu36ezfn1qv0cfqvbkxe21 4442340 4442338 2024-10-24T12:06:42Z Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez 3429664 4442340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{saved book |title=Latina × Proto Germanic |subtitle=Ist Du 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3h2rtoj29ourjp39j0wa3yefg39g5x9 Talk:Trading 1 470177 4442352 2024-10-24T13:08:36Z 2409:4089:CE17:196B:1C95:319:7503:2000 /* Trading */ new section 4442352 wikitext text/x-wiki == Trading == trading [[Special:Contributions/2409:4089:CE17:196B:1C95:319:7503:2000|2409:4089:CE17:196B:1C95:319:7503:2000]] ([[User talk:2409:4089:CE17:196B:1C95:319:7503:2000|discuss]]) 13:08, 24 October 2024 (UTC) dts1p3tjsymr94sbnzeucqwyx3nfx92 4442353 4442352 2024-10-24T13:08:43Z OrangKalideres 3476676 Requesting deletion 4442353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|Test page}}== Trading == trading [[Special:Contributions/2409:4089:CE17:196B:1C95:319:7503:2000|2409:4089:CE17:196B:1C95:319:7503:2000]] ([[User talk:2409:4089:CE17:196B:1C95:319:7503:2000|discuss]]) 13:08, 24 October 2024 (UTC) m1ihv24d5i0j46bg6q235ts4kgxav7p 4442365 4442353 2024-10-24T15:32:37Z MarcGarver 134830 Replaced content with "{{talk page header}}" 4442365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk page header}} 4zhowibd4ngfergy4xtn9ri5czu02bs 4442448 4442365 2024-10-25T09:48:38Z 2409:4089:CE4C:4D21:6D10:F0EA:62:A961 /* Volume */ new section 4442448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk page header}} == Volume == @[[User:Dilip pal|dilip pal]]l [[Special:Contributions/2409:4089:CE4C:4D21:6D10:F0EA:62:A961|2409:4089:CE4C:4D21:6D10:F0EA:62:A961]] ([[User talk:2409:4089:CE4C:4D21:6D10:F0EA:62:A961|discuss]]) 09:48, 25 October 2024 (UTC) myn83w7m3ann68mfugm8x0t8ddh9psa User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez/Collections/Latina × Proto Germanic 2 470179 4442358 2024-10-24T13:51:28Z Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez 3429664 Created page with "{{saved book |title= |subtitle= |cover-image= |cover-color=}} :[[User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez/Collections/Ist Du Germanic?]] :[[User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez/Collections/Linguæ Latinæ Loquimur]]" 4442358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{saved book |title= |subtitle= |cover-image= |cover-color=}} :[[User:Elías Fortaleza de la Fuerza Sánchez/Collections/Ist Du Germanic?]] :[[User:Elías 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LETTER S|&#x73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET|&#x7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE|&#x7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET|&#x7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE|&#x7e;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DELETE|[DEL]}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|008x |{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e;|[XXX]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e;|[XXX]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; BREAK PERMITTED HERE|[BPH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; NO BREAK HERE|[NBH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; INDEX|[IND]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; NEXT LINE|[NEL]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF SELECTED AREA|[SSA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF SELECTED AREA|[ESA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CHARACTER TABULATION SET|[HTS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION|[HTJ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; LINE TABULATION SET|[VTS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PARTIAL LINE FORWARD|[PLD]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD|[PLU]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; REVERSE LINE FEED|[RI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE SHIFT TWO|[SS2]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE SHIFT THREE|[SS3]}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}};font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|009x |{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; DEVICE CONTROL STRING|[DCS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PRIVATE USE ONE|[PU1]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PRIVATE USE TWO|[PU2]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SET TRANSMIT STATE|[STS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CANCEL CHARACTER|[CCH]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; MESSAGE WAITING|[MW]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF GUARDED AREA|[SPA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; END OF GUARDED AREA|[EPA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; START OF STRING|[SOS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e;|[XXX]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER|[SCI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER|[CSI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; STRING TERMINATOR|[ST]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND|[OSC]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; PRIVACY MESSAGE|[PM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|&#x3c;control&#x3e; APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND|[APC]}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|00Ax |style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NO-BREAK SPACE|[NB SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK|&#xa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CENT SIGN|&#xa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POUND SIGN|&#xa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURRENCY SIGN|&#xa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YEN SIGN|&#xa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROKEN BAR|&#xa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTION SIGN|&#xa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAERESIS|&#xa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPYRIGHT SIGN|&#xa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR|&#xaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#xab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SIGN|&#xac;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFT HYPHEN|[SHY -]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REGISTERED SIGN|&#xae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MACRON|&#xaf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|00Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE SIGN|&#xb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS-MINUS SIGN|&#xb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT TWO|&#xb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT THREE|&#xb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACUTE ACCENT|&#xb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MICRO SIGN|&#xb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PILCROW SIGN|&#xb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDDLE DOT|&#xb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CEDILLA|&#xb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT ONE|&#xb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR|&#xba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#xbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#xbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF|&#xbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#xbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED QUESTION MARK|&#xbf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|00Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE|&#xc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE|&#xc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE|&#xc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#xc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE|&#xc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE|&#xc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA|&#xc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE|&#xc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE|&#xc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#xcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#xcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE|&#xcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#xcf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|00Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH|&#xd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE|&#xd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE|&#xd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE|&#xd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE|&#xd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#xd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN|&#xd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE|&#xd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE|&#xd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE|&#xda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#xdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE|&#xdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN|&#xde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S|&#xdf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|00Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE|&#xe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE|&#xe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE|&#xe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#xe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE|&#xe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AE|&#xe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA|&#xe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE|&#xe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE|&#xe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#xeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#xec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE|&#xed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#xef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|00Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH|&#xf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE|&#xf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE|&#xf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE|&#xf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE|&#xf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#xf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION SIGN|&#xf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE|&#xf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE|&#xf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE|&#xfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#xfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#xfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE|&#xfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN|&#xfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS|&#xff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|010x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON|&#x100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON|&#x101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH OGONEK|&#x104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK|&#x105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH ACUTE|&#x106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ACUTE|&#x107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x10a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x10b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON|&#x10c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON|&#x10d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON|&#x10e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON|&#x10f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|011x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE|&#x110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE|&#x111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON|&#x112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON|&#x113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH BREVE|&#x114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH BREVE|&#x115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK|&#x118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK|&#x119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CARON|&#x11a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CARON|&#x11b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x11c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x11d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE|&#x11e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE|&#x11f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|012x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA|&#x122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA|&#x123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH STROKE|&#x126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE|&#x127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE|&#x128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE|&#x129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x12a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x12b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH BREVE|&#x12c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH BREVE|&#x12d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OGONEK|&#x12e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK|&#x12f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|013x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I|&#x131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE IJ|&#x132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LIGATURE IJ|&#x133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA|&#x136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA|&#x137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER KRA|&#x138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH ACUTE|&#x139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH ACUTE|&#x13a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA|&#x13b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA|&#x13c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON|&#x13d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON|&#x13e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT|&#x13f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|014x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT|&#x140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH STROKE|&#x141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE|&#x142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH ACUTE|&#x143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH ACUTE|&#x144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA|&#x145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA|&#x146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CARON|&#x147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON|&#x148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N PRECEDED BY APOSTROPHE|&#x149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ENG|&#x14a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG|&#x14b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON|&#x14c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON|&#x14d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH BREVE|&#x14e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH BREVE|&#x14f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|015x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE|&#x152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE|&#x153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH ACUTE|&#x154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE|&#x155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA|&#x156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA|&#x157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON|&#x158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON|&#x159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH ACUTE|&#x15a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE|&#x15b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x15c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x15d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA|&#x15e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA|&#x15f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|016x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON|&#x160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON|&#x161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA|&#x162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA|&#x163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CARON|&#x164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON|&#x165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH STROKE|&#x166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE|&#x167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE|&#x168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE|&#x169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x16a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x16b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH BREVE|&#x16c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVE|&#x16d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE|&#x16e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE|&#x16f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|017x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH OGONEK|&#x172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK|&#x173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS|&#x178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE|&#x179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE|&#x17a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x17b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x17c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON|&#x17d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON|&#x17e;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S|&#x17f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|018x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH STROKE|&#x180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH HOOK|&#x181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR|&#x182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR|&#x183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE SIX|&#x184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE SIX|&#x185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN O|&#x186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH HOOK|&#x187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK|&#x188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AFRICAN D|&#x189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH HOOK|&#x18a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR|&#x18b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR|&#x18c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED DELTA|&#x18d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED E|&#x18e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA|&#x18f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|019x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN E|&#x190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH HOOK|&#x191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK|&#x192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH HOOK|&#x193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|&#x194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HV|&#x195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER IOTA|&#x196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH STROKE|&#x197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH HOOK|&#x198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK|&#x199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BAR|&#x19a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LAMBDA WITH STROKE|&#x19b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED M|&#x19c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x19d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG|&#x19e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x19f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|01Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN|&#x1a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN|&#x1a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GHA|&#x1a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GHA|&#x1a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH HOOK|&#x1a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH HOOK|&#x1a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER YR|&#x1a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE TWO|&#x1a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE TWO|&#x1a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ESH|&#x1a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER REVERSED ESH LOOP|&#x1aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH HOOK|&#x1ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH HOOK|&#x1ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN|&#x1af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|01Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN|&#x1b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON|&#x1b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH HOOK|&#x1b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK|&#x1b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK|&#x1b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH STROKE|&#x1b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH STROKE|&#x1b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH|&#x1b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH REVERSED|&#x1b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH REVERSED|&#x1b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH TAIL|&#x1ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER TWO WITH STROKE|&#x1bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE FIVE|&#x1bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE FIVE|&#x1bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x1be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER WYNN|&#x1bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|01Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK|&#x1c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK|&#x1c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER ALVEOLAR CLICK|&#x1c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK|&#x1c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ WITH CARON|&#x1c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON|&#x1c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ WITH CARON|&#x1c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LJ|&#x1c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J|&#x1c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LJ|&#x1c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER NJ|&#x1ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J|&#x1cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ|&#x1cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CARON|&#x1cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CARON|&#x1ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CARON|&#x1cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|01Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CARON|&#x1d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CARON|&#x1d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CARON|&#x1d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CARON|&#x1d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CARON|&#x1d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE|&#x1d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE|&#x1d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON|&#x1d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON|&#x1da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE|&#x1db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE|&#x1dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED E|&#x1dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x1df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|01Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x1e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x1e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH MACRON|&#x1e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON|&#x1e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH STROKE|&#x1e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH STROKE|&#x1e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CARON|&#x1e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CARON|&#x1e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CARON|&#x1e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON|&#x1e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK|&#x1ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK|&#x1eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON|&#x1ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON|&#x1ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH WITH CARON|&#x1ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CARON|&#x1ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|01Fx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CARON|&#x1f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ|&#x1f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z|&#x1f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ|&#x1f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH ACUTE|&#x1f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH ACUTE|&#x1f5;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HWAIR|&#x1f6;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WYNN|&#x1f7;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH GRAVE|&#x1f8;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH GRAVE|&#x1f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE|&#x1fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE|&#x1fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE|&#x1fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE|&#x1fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE|&#x1fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE|&#x1ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|020x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x20c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x20d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x20f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|021x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE|&#x215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE|&#x217;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x218;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x219;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x21a;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW|&#x21b;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YOGH|&#x21c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH|&#x21d;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CARON|&#x21e;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CARON|&#x21f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|022x |style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG|&#x220;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CURL|&#x221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OU|&#x222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OU|&#x223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH HOOK|&#x224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH HOOK|&#x225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA|&#x228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA|&#x229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x22a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON|&#x22b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON|&#x22c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON|&#x22d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x22e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x22f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|023x |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x230;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON|&#x231;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH MACRON|&#x232;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH MACRON|&#x233;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CURL|&#x234;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CURL|&#x235;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CURL|&#x236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J|&#x237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DB DIGRAPH|&#x238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER QP DIGRAPH|&#x239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH STROKE|&#x23a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH STROKE|&#x23b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH STROKE|&#x23c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH BAR|&#x23d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#x23e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH SWASH TAIL|&#x23f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|024x |style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH SWASH TAIL|&#x240;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH STROKE|&#x243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U BAR|&#x244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED V|&#x245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH STROKE|&#x246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH STROKE|&#x247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH STROKE|&#x248;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH STROKE|&#x249;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SMALL Q WITH HOOK TAIL|&#x24a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK TAIL|&#x24b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH STROKE|&#x24c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH STROKE|&#x24d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH STROKE|&#x24e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH STROKE|&#x24f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''IPA Extensions''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|025x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED A|&#x250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA|&#x251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED ALPHA|&#x252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH HOOK|&#x253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O|&#x254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CURL|&#x255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TAIL|&#x256;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK|&#x257;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED E|&#x258;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA|&#x259;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH HOOK|&#x25a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E|&#x25b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E|&#x25c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E WITH HOOK|&#x25d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E|&#x25e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE|&#x25f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|026x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH HOOK|&#x260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G|&#x261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G|&#x262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER GAMMA|&#x263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER RAMS HORN|&#x264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H|&#x265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK|&#x266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK|&#x267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE|&#x268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA|&#x269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I|&#x26a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x26b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT|&#x26c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x26d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH|&#x26e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M|&#x26f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|027x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M WITH LONG LEG|&#x270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH HOOK|&#x271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N|&#x274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED O|&#x275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE|&#x276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA|&#x277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER PHI|&#x278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R|&#x279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH LONG LEG|&#x27a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH HOOK|&#x27b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG|&#x27c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TAIL|&#x27d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK|&#x27e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED R WITH FISHHOOK|&#x27f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|028x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R|&#x280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R|&#x281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH HOOK|&#x282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH|&#x283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&#x284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SQUAT REVERSED ESH|&#x285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH CURL|&#x286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T|&#x287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR|&#x289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON|&#x28a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH HOOK|&#x28b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED V|&#x28c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED W|&#x28d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED Y|&#x28e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Y|&#x28f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|029x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CURL|&#x291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH|&#x292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CURL|&#x293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE|&#x295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP|&#x296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER STRETCHED C|&#x297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER BILABIAL CLICK|&#x298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B|&#x299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E|&#x29a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK|&#x29b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL H|&#x29c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#x29d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K|&#x29e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L|&#x29f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|02Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK|&#x2a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x2a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE|&#x2a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH|&#x2a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH|&#x2a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x2a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH|&#x2a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH|&#x2a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL|&#x2a8;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH|&#x2a9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LS DIGRAPH|&#x2aa;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LZ DIGRAPH|&#x2ab;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER BILABIAL PERCUSSIVE|&#x2ac;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER BIDENTAL PERCUSSIVE|&#x2ad;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK|&#x2ae;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H WITH FISHHOOK AND TAIL|&#x2af;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Spacing Modifier Letters''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|02Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H|&#x2b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH HOOK|&#x2b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J|&#x2b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R|&#x2b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R|&#x2b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH HOOK|&#x2b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R|&#x2b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W|&#x2b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y|&#x2b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER PRIME|&#x2b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME|&#x2ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA|&#x2bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE|&#x2bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA|&#x2bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING|&#x2be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING|&#x2bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|02Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x2c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP|&#x2c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LEFT ARROWHEAD|&#x2c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT ARROWHEAD|&#x2c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER UP ARROWHEAD|&#x2c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOWN ARROWHEAD|&#x2c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&#x2c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARON|&#x2c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE|&#x2c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MACRON|&#x2c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE|&#x2cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON|&#x2cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|02Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON|&#x2d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON|&#x2d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED RIGHT HALF RING|&#x2d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED LEFT HALF RING|&#x2d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK|&#x2d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK|&#x2d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN|&#x2d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN|&#x2d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BREVE|&#x2d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT ABOVE|&#x2d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING ABOVE|&#x2da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGONEK|&#x2db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL TILDE|&#x2dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK|&nbsp;&#x2de;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ACCENT|&#x2df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|02Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA|&#x2e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L|&#x2e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S|&#x2e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X|&#x2e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP|&#x2e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR|&#x2e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR|&#x2e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR|&#x2e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR|&#x2e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR|&#x2e9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK|&#x2ea;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK|&#x2eb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER VOICING|&#x2ec;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED|&#x2ed;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE|&#x2ee;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW DOWN ARROWHEAD|&#x2ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|02Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW UP ARROWHEAD|&#x2f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROWHEAD|&#x2f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW RIGHT ARROWHEAD|&#x2f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW RING|&#x2f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x2f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER MIDDLE DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT|&#x2f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW TILDE|&#x2f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER RAISED COLON|&#x2f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN HIGH TONE|&#x2f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER END HIGH TONE|&#x2fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER BEGIN LOW TONE|&#x2fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER END LOW TONE|&#x2fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SHELF|&#x2fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER OPEN SHELF|&#x2fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER LOW LEFT ARROW|&#x2ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|030x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TILDE|&nbsp;&#x303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MACRON|&nbsp;&#x304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OVERLINE|&nbsp;&#x305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BREVE|&nbsp;&#x306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DIAERESIS|&nbsp;&#x308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING HOOK ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x30a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x30b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CARON|&nbsp;&#x30c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x30d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x30e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x30f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|031x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CANDRABINDU|&nbsp;&#x310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED BREVE|&nbsp;&#x311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING COMMA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x31a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING HORN|&nbsp;&#x31b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING UP TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW|&nbsp;&#x31f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|032x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW|&nbsp;&#x320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RETROFLEX HOOK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING COMMA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CEDILLA|&nbsp;&#x327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OGONEK|&nbsp;&#x328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CARON BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BREVE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED BREVE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x32f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|033x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TILDE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MACRON BELOW|&nbsp;&#x331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LOW LINE|&nbsp;&#x332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE|&nbsp;&#x333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT STROKE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG STROKE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT SOLIDUS OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x33a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SQUARE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x33b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SEAGULL BELOW|&nbsp;&#x33c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING X ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x33d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING VERTICAL TILDE|&nbsp;&#x33e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE OVERLINE|&nbsp;&#x33f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|034x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK|&nbsp;&#x340;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE TONE MARK|&nbsp;&#x341;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK PERISPOMENI|&nbsp;&#x342;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK KORONIS|&nbsp;&#x343;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS|&nbsp;&#x344;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI|&nbsp;&#x345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BRIDGE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING EQUALS SIGN BELOW|&nbsp;&#x347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ANGLE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING NOT TILDE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x34a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING HOMOTHETIC ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x34b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ALMOST EQUAL TO ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x34c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x34d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING UPWARDS ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x34e;}}||style="{{3.2}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER|[CGJ]}} |----- align="center" style="{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|035x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HALF RING ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING FERMATA|&nbsp;&#x352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING X BELOW|&nbsp;&#x353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD AND UP ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x357;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT ABOVE RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x358;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ASTERISK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x359;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE RING BELOW|&nbsp;&#x35a;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ZIGZAG ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x35b;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x35c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE BREVE|&nbsp;&#x35d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON|&nbsp;&#x35e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE MACRON BELOW|&nbsp;&#x35f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|036x |style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE TILDE|&nbsp;&#x360;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE|&nbsp;&#x361;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE RIGHTWARDS ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&nbsp;&#x363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&nbsp;&#x364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&nbsp;&#x365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&nbsp;&#x366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&nbsp;&#x367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&nbsp;&#x368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&nbsp;&#x369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&nbsp;&#x36a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&nbsp;&#x36b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&nbsp;&#x36c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&nbsp;&#x36d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&nbsp;&#x36e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&nbsp;&#x36f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Greek and Coptic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|037x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER HETA|&#x370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER HETA|&#x371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI|&#x372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC SAMPI|&#x373;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK NUMERAL SIGN|&#x374;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN|&#x375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA|&#x376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PAMPHYLIAN DIGAMMA|&#x377;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x37a;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x37b;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x37c;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x37d;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK QUESTION MARK|&#x37e;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER YOT|&#x37f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|038x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK TONOS|&#x384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS|&#x385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS|&#x386;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK ANO TELEIA|&#x387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS|&#x389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS|&#x38a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS|&#x38c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x38e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS|&#x38f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|039x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS|&#x390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA|&#x391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA|&#x392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|&#x393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA|&#x394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON|&#x395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA|&#x396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA|&#x397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA|&#x398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA|&#x399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA|&#x39a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA|&#x39b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU|&#x39c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU|&#x39d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI|&#x39e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON|&#x39f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|03Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI|&#x3a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO|&#x3a1;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA|&#x3a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU|&#x3a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON|&#x3a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI|&#x3a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI|&#x3a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI|&#x3a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA|&#x3a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS|&#x3ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x3ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS|&#x3ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS|&#x3af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|03Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS|&#x3b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA|&#x3b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA|&#x3b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA|&#x3b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA|&#x3b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON|&#x3b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA|&#x3b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA|&#x3b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA|&#x3b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA|&#x3b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA|&#x3ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA|&#x3bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER MU|&#x3bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER NU|&#x3bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER XI|&#x3be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON|&#x3bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|03Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PI|&#x3c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO|&#x3c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA|&#x3c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA|&#x3c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU|&#x3c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON|&#x3c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI|&#x3c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI|&#x3c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI|&#x3c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA|&#x3c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA|&#x3cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS|&#x3cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS|&#x3cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS|&#x3ce;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL KAI SYMBOL|&#x3cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|03Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK BETA SYMBOL|&#x3d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK THETA SYMBOL|&#x3d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK UPSILON WITH HOOK SYMBOL|&#x3d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK UPSILON WITH ACUTE AND HOOK SYMBOL|&#x3d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK UPSILON WITH DIAERESIS AND HOOK SYMBOL|&#x3d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PHI SYMBOL|&#x3d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PI SYMBOL|&#x3d6;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK KAI SYMBOL|&#x3d7;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER ARCHAIC KOPPA|&#x3d8;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ARCHAIC KOPPA|&#x3d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER STIGMA|&#x3da;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER STIGMA|&#x3db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER DIGAMMA|&#x3dc;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER DIGAMMA|&#x3dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER KOPPA|&#x3de;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER KOPPA|&#x3df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|03Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER SAMPI|&#x3e0;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SAMPI|&#x3e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHEI|&#x3e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHEI|&#x3e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FEI|&#x3e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER FEI|&#x3e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHEI|&#x3e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHEI|&#x3e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HORI|&#x3e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER HORI|&#x3e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GANGIA|&#x3ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER GANGIA|&#x3eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHIMA|&#x3ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHIMA|&#x3ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DEI|&#x3ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DEI|&#x3ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|03Fx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL|&#x3f0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK RHO SYMBOL|&#x3f1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3f2;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER YOT|&#x3f3;}}||style="{{3.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL|&#x3f4;}}||style="{{3.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x3f5;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK REVERSED LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL|&#x3f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SHO|&#x3f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SHO|&#x3f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SAN|&#x3fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER SAN|&#x3fb;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK RHO WITH STROKE SYMBOL|&#x3fc;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3fd;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3fe;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL|&#x3ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|040x |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE|&#x400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO|&#x401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DJE|&#x402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GJE|&#x403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE|&#x404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZE|&#x405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI|&#x407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER JE|&#x408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LJE|&#x409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER NJE|&#x40a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSHE|&#x40b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KJE|&#x40c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#x40d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT U|&#x40e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZHE|&#x40f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|041x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE|&#x411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE|&#x412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE|&#x413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE|&#x414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE|&#x415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE|&#x416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE|&#x417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I|&#x419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA|&#x41a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL|&#x41b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM|&#x41c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN|&#x41d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x41e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE|&#x41f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|042x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER|&#x420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES|&#x421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE|&#x422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF|&#x424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA|&#x425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE|&#x426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE|&#x427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA|&#x429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN|&#x42a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU|&#x42b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN|&#x42c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x42d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU|&#x42e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA|&#x42f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|043x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A|&#x430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE|&#x431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE|&#x432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE|&#x433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE|&#x434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE|&#x435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE|&#x436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE|&#x437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I|&#x438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I|&#x439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA|&#x43a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL|&#x43b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM|&#x43c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN|&#x43d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O|&#x43e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE|&#x43f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|044x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER|&#x440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES|&#x441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE|&#x442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U|&#x443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF|&#x444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA|&#x445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE|&#x446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE|&#x447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA|&#x449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN|&#x44a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU|&#x44b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN|&#x44c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E|&#x44d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU|&#x44e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA|&#x44f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|045x |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE|&#x450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO|&#x451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJE|&#x452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE|&#x453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE|&#x454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE|&#x455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I|&#x456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI|&#x457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER JE|&#x458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE|&#x459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NJE|&#x45a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSHE|&#x45b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KJE|&#x45c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE|&#x45d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT U|&#x45e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZHE|&#x45f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|046x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA|&#x460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA|&#x461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT|&#x462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT|&#x463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED E|&#x464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED E|&#x465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LITTLE YUS|&#x466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LITTLE YUS|&#x467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS|&#x468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS|&#x469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS|&#x46a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS|&#x46b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS|&#x46c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS|&#x46d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI|&#x46e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KSI|&#x46f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|047x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI|&#x470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PSI|&#x471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA|&#x472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER FITA|&#x473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA|&#x474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA|&#x475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT|&#x477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK|&#x478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK|&#x479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA|&#x47a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA|&#x47b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO|&#x47c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO|&#x47d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OT|&#x47e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OT|&#x47f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|048x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOPPA|&#x480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOPPA|&#x481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC THOUSANDS SIGN|&#x482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC TITLO|&nbsp;&#x483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC PALATALIZATION|&nbsp;&#x484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA|&nbsp;&#x485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC PSILI PNEUMATA|&nbsp;&#x486;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC POKRYTIE|&nbsp;&#x487;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC HUNDRED THOUSANDS SIGN|&nbsp;&#x488;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC MILLIONS SIGN|&nbsp;&#x489;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I WITH TAIL|&#x48a;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I WITH TAIL|&#x48b;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN|&#x48c;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN|&#x48d;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER WITH TICK|&#x48e;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER WITH TICK|&#x48f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|049x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN|&#x490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN|&#x491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE|&#x492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE|&#x493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER|&#x498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER|&#x499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER|&#x49a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER|&#x49b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x49c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x49d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH STROKE|&#x49e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH STROKE|&#x49f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|04Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BASHKIR KA|&#x4a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BASHKIR KA|&#x4a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER|&#x4a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER|&#x4a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE EN GHE|&#x4a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE EN GHE|&#x4a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x4a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x4a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA|&#x4a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA|&#x4a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER|&#x4aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER|&#x4ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U|&#x4ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U|&#x4af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|04Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE|&#x4b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE|&#x4b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE TE TSE|&#x4b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE TE TSE|&#x4b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x4b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x4b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHHA|&#x4ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA|&#x4bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE|&#x4bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE|&#x4bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|04Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC LETTER PALOCHKA|&#x4c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE|&#x4c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE|&#x4c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH HOOK|&#x4c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH HOOK|&#x4c4;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH TAIL|&#x4c5;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH TAIL|&#x4c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH HOOK|&#x4c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH HOOK|&#x4c8;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH TAIL|&#x4c9;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH TAIL|&#x4ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE|&#x4cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE|&#x4cc;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM WITH TAIL|&#x4cd;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM WITH TAIL|&#x4ce;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PALOCHKA|&#x4cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|04Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x4d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE|&#x4d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE A IE|&#x4d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE A IE|&#x4d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH BREVE|&#x4d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH BREVE|&#x4d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA|&#x4d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA|&#x4d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|04Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE|&#x4e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE|&#x4e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x4e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON|&#x4e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O|&#x4e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O|&#x4e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4eb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4ec;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x4ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON|&#x4ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|04Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x4f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x4f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f5;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4f6;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH DESCENDER|&#x4f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS|&#x4f9;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&#x4fa;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE AND HOOK|&#x4fb;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH HOOK|&#x4fc;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH HOOK|&#x4fd;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH STROKE|&#x4fe;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH STROKE|&#x4ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{3.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|050x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DE|&#x500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DE|&#x501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DJE|&#x502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DJE|&#x503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI ZJE|&#x504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI ZJE|&#x505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI DZJE|&#x506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI DZJE|&#x507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI LJE|&#x508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI LJE|&#x509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI NJE|&#x50a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI NJE|&#x50b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI SJE|&#x50c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI SJE|&#x50d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOMI TJE|&#x50e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOMI TJE|&#x50f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|051x |style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED ZE|&#x510;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED ZE|&#x511;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH HOOK|&#x512;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH HOOK|&#x513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LHA|&#x514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LHA|&#x515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER RHA|&#x516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER RHA|&#x517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAE|&#x518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAE|&#x519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER QA|&#x51a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER QA|&#x51b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER WE|&#x51c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER WE|&#x51d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ALEUT KA|&#x51e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ALEUT KA|&#x51f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{7.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|052x |style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x520;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x521;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x522;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH MIDDLE HOOK|&#x523;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE WITH DESCENDER|&#x524;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE WITH DESCENDER|&#x525;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHHA WITH DESCENDER|&#x526;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA WITH DESCENDER|&#x527;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x528;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x529;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZZHE|&#x52a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZZHE|&#x52b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DCHE|&#x52c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DCHE|&#x52d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL WITH DESCENDER|&#x52e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL WITH DESCENDER|&#x52f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Armenian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|053x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER AYB|&#x531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER BEN|&#x532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GIM|&#x533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER DA|&#x534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH|&#x535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZA|&#x536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER EH|&#x537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ET|&#x538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TO|&#x539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZHE|&#x53a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER INI|&#x53b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER LIWN|&#x53c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER XEH|&#x53d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CA|&#x53e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEN|&#x53f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|054x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER HO|&#x540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JA|&#x541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAD|&#x542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHEH|&#x543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER MEN|&#x544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YI|&#x545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER NOW|&#x546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VO|&#x548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHA|&#x549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PEH|&#x54a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JHEH|&#x54b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER RA|&#x54c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SEH|&#x54d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VEW|&#x54e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TIWN|&#x54f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|055x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER REH|&#x550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CO|&#x551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YIWN|&#x552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PIWR|&#x553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEH|&#x554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER OH|&#x555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER FEH|&#x556;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING|&#x559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE|&#x55a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN EMPHASIS MARK|&#x55b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x55c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN COMMA|&#x55d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN QUESTION MARK|&#x55e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN ABBREVIATION MARK|&#x55f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|056x |style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TURNED AYB|&#x560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER AYB|&#x561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER BEN|&#x562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GIM|&#x563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER DA|&#x564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ECH|&#x565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZA|&#x566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER EH|&#x567;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ET|&#x568;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TO|&#x569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZHE|&#x56a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER INI|&#x56b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER LIWN|&#x56c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER XEH|&#x56d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CA|&#x56e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEN|&#x56f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|057x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER HO|&#x570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JA|&#x571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GHAD|&#x572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHEH|&#x573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER MEN|&#x574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI|&#x575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER NOW|&#x576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO|&#x578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHA|&#x579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PEH|&#x57a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JHEH|&#x57b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER RA|&#x57c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SEH|&#x57d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VEW|&#x57e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TIWN|&#x57f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|058x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER REH|&#x580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CO|&#x581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YIWN|&#x582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PIWR|&#x583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEH|&#x584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER OH|&#x585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER FEH|&#x586;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE ECH YIWN|&#x587;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI WITH STROKE|&#x588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN FULL STOP|&#x589;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN HYPHEN|&#x58a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING ARMENIAN ETERNITY SIGN|&#x58d;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING ARMENIAN ETERNITY SIGN|&#x58e;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARMENIAN DRAM SIGN|&#x58f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Hebrew''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|059x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ETNAHTA|&nbsp;&#x591;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT SEGOL|&nbsp;&#x592;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT SHALSHELET|&nbsp;&#x593;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF QATAN|&nbsp;&#x594;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF GADOL|&nbsp;&#x595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TIPEHA|&nbsp;&#x596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT REVIA|&nbsp;&#x597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA|&nbsp;&#x598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT PASHTA|&nbsp;&#x599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT YETIV|&nbsp;&#x59a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TEVIR|&nbsp;&#x59b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT GERESH|&nbsp;&#x59c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT GERESH MUQDAM|&nbsp;&#x59d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT GERSHAYIM|&nbsp;&#x59e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT QARNEY PARA|&nbsp;&#x59f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|05Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA GEDOLA|&nbsp;&#x5a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT PAZER|&nbsp;&#x5a1;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ATNAH HAFUKH|&nbsp;&#x5a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MUNAH|&nbsp;&#x5a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MAHAPAKH|&nbsp;&#x5a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA|&nbsp;&#x5a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA KEFULA|&nbsp;&#x5a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT DARGA|&nbsp;&#x5a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT QADMA|&nbsp;&#x5a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA QETANA|&nbsp;&#x5a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT YERAH BEN YOMO|&nbsp;&#x5aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT OLE|&nbsp;&#x5ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ILUY|&nbsp;&#x5ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT DEHI|&nbsp;&#x5ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR|&nbsp;&#x5ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW MARK MASORA CIRCLE|&nbsp;&#x5af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|05Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SHEVA|&nbsp;&#x5b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HATAF SEGOL|&nbsp;&#x5b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH|&nbsp;&#x5b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS|&nbsp;&#x5b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HIRIQ|&nbsp;&#x5b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT TSERE|&nbsp;&#x5b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SEGOL|&nbsp;&#x5b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT PATAH|&nbsp;&#x5b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT QAMATS|&nbsp;&#x5b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HOLAM|&nbsp;&#x5b9;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV|&nbsp;&#x5ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT QUBUTS|&nbsp;&#x5bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ|&nbsp;&#x5bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT METEG|&nbsp;&#x5bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF|&#x5be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT RAFE|&nbsp;&#x5bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|05Cx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ|&#x5c0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT SIN DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c2;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ|&#x5c3;}}||style="{{2.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW MARK UPPER DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c4;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW MARK LOWER DOT|&nbsp;&#x5c5;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION NUN HAFUKHA|&#x5c6;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW POINT QAMATS QATAN|&nbsp;&#x5c7;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|05Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER ALEF|&#x5d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER BET|&#x5d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER GIMEL|&#x5d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER DALET|&#x5d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER HE|&#x5d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER VAV|&#x5d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN|&#x5d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER HET|&#x5d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER TET|&#x5d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER YOD|&#x5d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF|&#x5da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER KAF|&#x5db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER LAMED|&#x5dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM|&#x5dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER MEM|&#x5de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN|&#x5df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|05Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER NUN|&#x5e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH|&#x5e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER AYIN|&#x5e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE|&#x5e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER PE|&#x5e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI|&#x5e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER TSADI|&#x5e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER QOF|&#x5e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER RESH|&#x5e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER SHIN|&#x5e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LETTER TAV|&#x5ea;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW YOD TRIANGLE|&#x5ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|05Fx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE VAV|&#x5f0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH VAV YOD|&#x5f1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE YOD|&#x5f2;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERESH|&#x5f3;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERSHAYIM|&#x5f4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Arabic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|060x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC NUMBER SIGN|&#x600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SANAH|&#x601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FOOTNOTE MARKER|&#x602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SAFHA|&#x603;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SAMVAT|&#x604;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC NUMBER MARK ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x605;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC CUBE ROOT|&#x606;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC FOURTH ROOT|&#x607;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RAY|&#x608;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC PER MILLE SIGN|&#x609;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN|&#x60a;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AFGHANI SIGN|&#x60b;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC COMMA|&#x60c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DATE SEPARATOR|&#x60d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC POETIC VERSE SIGN|&#x60e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN MISRA|&#x60f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|061x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASSALLAM|&nbsp;&#x610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN ALAYHE ASSALLAM|&nbsp;&#x611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN RAHMATULLAH ALAYHE|&nbsp;&#x612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN RADI ALLAHOU ANHU|&nbsp;&#x613;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN TAKHALLUS|&nbsp;&#x614;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH TAH|&nbsp;&#x615;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE ALEF WITH YEH BARREE|&nbsp;&#x616;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH ZAIN|&nbsp;&#x617;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL FATHA|&nbsp;&#x618;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x619;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL KASRA|&nbsp;&#x61a;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SEMICOLON|&#x61b;}}||style="{{6.3}};font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MARK|[ALM]}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC END OF TEXT MARK|&nbsp;&#x61d;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TRIPLE DOT PUNCTUATION MARK|&#x61e;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC QUESTION MARK|&#x61f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|062x |style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KASHMIRI YEH|&#x620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAMZA|&#x621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE|&#x622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW|&#x625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF|&#x627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH|&#x628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA|&#x629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH|&#x62a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THEH|&#x62b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM|&#x62c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH|&#x62d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KHAH|&#x62e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL|&#x62f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|063x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THAL|&#x630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH|&#x631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ZAIN|&#x632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN|&#x633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SHEEN|&#x634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD|&#x635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAD|&#x636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH|&#x637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ZAH|&#x638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN|&#x639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GHAIN|&#x63a;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x63b;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x63c;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH INVERTED V|&#x63d;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x63e;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x63f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|064x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL|&#x640;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH|&#x641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF|&#x642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF|&#x643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM|&#x644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM|&#x645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON|&#x646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH|&#x647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW|&#x648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA|&#x649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH|&#x64a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHATAN|&nbsp;&#x64b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DAMMATAN|&nbsp;&#x64c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC KASRATAN|&nbsp;&#x64d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA|&nbsp;&#x64e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x64f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|065x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC KASRA|&nbsp;&#x650;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SHADDA|&nbsp;&#x651;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUKUN|&nbsp;&#x652;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MADDAH ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x653;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC HAMZA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x654;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC HAMZA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x655;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUBSCRIPT ALEF|&nbsp;&#x656;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC INVERTED DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x657;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MARK NOON GHUNNA|&nbsp;&#x658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC ZWARAKAY|&nbsp;&#x659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VOWEL SIGN SMALL V ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x65a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VOWEL SIGN INVERTED SMALL V ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x65b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VOWEL SIGN DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x65c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC REVERSED DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x65d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA WITH TWO DOTS|&nbsp;&#x65e;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC WAVY HAMZA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x65f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|066x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO|&#x660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE|&#x661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO|&#x662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE|&#x663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR|&#x664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE|&#x665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX|&#x666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN|&#x667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT|&#x668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE|&#x669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PERCENT SIGN|&#x66a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DECIMAL SEPARATOR|&#x66b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC THOUSANDS SEPARATOR|&#x66c;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FIVE POINTED STAR|&#x66d;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS BEH|&#x66e;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS QAF|&#x66f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|067x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF|&nbsp;&#x670;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA|&#x671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE|&#x672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA BELOW|&#x673;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA|&nbsp;&#x674;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA ALEF|&#x675;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA WAW|&#x676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER U WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA YEH|&#x678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TTEH|&#x679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH|&#x67a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEEH|&#x67b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH RING|&#x67c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS|&#x67d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEH|&#x67e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEHEH|&#x67f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|068x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEHEH|&#x680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICAL ABOVE|&#x682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NYEH|&#x683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DYEH|&#x684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEH|&#x686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH|&#x687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DDAL|&#x688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH RING|&#x689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW|&#x68a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW AND SMALL TAH|&#x68b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAHAL|&#x68c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DDAHAL|&#x68d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DUL|&#x68e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS|&#x68f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|069x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER RREH|&#x691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V|&#x692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH RING|&#x693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW|&#x694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V BELOW|&#x695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEH|&#x698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x69a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x69b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x69c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x69d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x69e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x69f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|06Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS FEH|&#x6a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW|&#x6a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER VEH|&#x6a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEHEH|&#x6a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH|&#x6a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF|&#x6aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH RING|&#x6ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NG|&#x6ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF|&#x6af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|06Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH RING|&#x6b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NGOEH|&#x6b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x6b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GUEH|&#x6b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL V|&#x6b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6b7;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6b8;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA|&#x6ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER RNOON|&#x6bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING|&#x6bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x6bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE|&#x6be;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEH WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|06Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE|&#x6c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL|&#x6c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x6c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA GOAL|&#x6c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH RING|&#x6c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE|&#x6c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER OE|&#x6c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER U|&#x6c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YU|&#x6c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ YU|&#x6c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x6ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER VE|&#x6cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH|&#x6cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TAIL|&#x6cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH SMALL V|&#x6ce;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x6cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|06Dx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER E|&#x6d0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x6d1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE|&#x6d2;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x6d3;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FULL STOP|&#x6d4;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AE|&#x6d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE SAD WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA|&nbsp;&#x6d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE QAF WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA|&nbsp;&#x6d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM INITIAL FORM|&nbsp;&#x6d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH LAM ALEF|&nbsp;&#x6d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH JEEM|&nbsp;&#x6da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH THREE DOTS|&nbsp;&#x6db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH SEEN|&nbsp;&#x6dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC END OF AYAH|&#x6dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC START OF RUB EL HIZB|&#x6de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH ROUNDED ZERO|&nbsp;&#x6df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|06Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH UPRIGHT RECTANGULAR ZERO|&nbsp;&#x6e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH DOTLESS HEAD OF KHAH|&nbsp;&#x6e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM ISOLATED FORM|&nbsp;&#x6e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW SEEN|&nbsp;&#x6e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH MADDA|&nbsp;&#x6e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL WAW|&#x6e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL YEH|&#x6e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH YEH|&nbsp;&#x6e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON|&nbsp;&#x6e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PLACE OF SAJDAH|&#x6e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE LOW STOP|&nbsp;&#x6ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE HIGH STOP|&nbsp;&#x6eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC ROUNDED HIGH STOP WITH FILLED CENTRE|&nbsp;&#x6ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW MEEM|&nbsp;&#x6ed;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH INVERTED V|&#x6ee;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH INVERTED V|&#x6ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|06Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO|&#x6f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE|&#x6f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO|&#x6f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE|&#x6f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR|&#x6f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE|&#x6f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX|&#x6f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN|&#x6f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT|&#x6f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE|&#x6f9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SHEEN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6fa;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAD WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6fb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GHAIN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x6fc;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SINDHI AMPERSAND|&#x6fd;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SIGN SINDHI POSTPOSITION MEN|&#x6fe;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH INVERTED V|&#x6ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Syriac''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|070x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC END OF PARAGRAPH|&#x700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR FULL STOP|&#x701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUBLINEAR FULL STOP|&#x702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON|&#x703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON|&#x704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HORIZONTAL COLON|&#x705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC COLON SKEWED LEFT|&#x706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC COLON SKEWED RIGHT|&#x707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT|&#x708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT|&#x709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC CONTRACTION|&#x70a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HARKLEAN OBELUS|&#x70b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HARKLEAN METOBELUS|&#x70c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HARKLEAN ASTERISCUS|&#x70d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK|&nbsp;&#x70f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|071x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER ALAPH|&#x710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALAPH|&nbsp;&#x711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER BETH|&#x712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL|&#x713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL GARSHUNI|&#x714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER DALATH|&#x715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER DOTLESS DALATH RISH|&#x716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER HE|&#x717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER WAW|&#x718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER ZAIN|&#x719;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER HETH|&#x71a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER TETH|&#x71b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER TETH GARSHUNI|&#x71c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER YUDH|&#x71d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER YUDH HE|&#x71e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER KAPH|&#x71f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|072x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER LAMADH|&#x720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MIM|&#x721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER NUN|&#x722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SEMKATH|&#x723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER FINAL SEMKATH|&#x724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER E|&#x725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PE|&#x726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER REVERSED PE|&#x727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SADHE|&#x728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER QAPH|&#x729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER RISH|&#x72a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SHIN|&#x72b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER TAW|&#x72c;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN BHETH|&#x72d;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN GHAMAL|&#x72e;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER PERSIAN DHALATH|&#x72f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|073x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC PTHAHA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC PTHAHA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC PTHAHA DOTTED|&nbsp;&#x732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ZQAPHA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ZQAPHA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ZQAPHA DOTTED|&nbsp;&#x735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RBASA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RBASA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA HORIZONTAL|&nbsp;&#x738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA ANGULAR|&nbsp;&#x739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HBASA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x73a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HBASA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x73b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC HBASA-ESASA DOTTED|&nbsp;&#x73c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ESASA ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x73d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC ESASA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x73e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RWAHA|&nbsp;&#x73f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|074x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC FEMININE DOT|&nbsp;&#x740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA|&nbsp;&#x741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC RUKKAKHA|&nbsp;&#x742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC THREE DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC THREE DOTS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC MUSIC|&nbsp;&#x749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC BARREKH|&nbsp;&#x74a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN ZHAIN|&#x74d;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN KHAPH|&#x74e;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER SOGDIAN FE|&#x74f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Arabic Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|075x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS HORIZONTALLY BELOW|&#x750;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x751;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x752;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW AND TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x753;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x754;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW|&#x755;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V|&#x756;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x757;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x758;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW AND SMALL TAH|&#x759;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW|&#x75a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH STROKE|&#x75b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x75c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x75d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS POINTING DOWNWARDS ABOVE|&#x75e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE|&#x75f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{4.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|076x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW|&#x764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT BELOW|&#x766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL TAH|&#x768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL V|&#x769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH BAR|&#x76a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE|&#x76b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x76c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY ABOVE|&#x76d;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH BELOW|&#x76e;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS|&#x76f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|077x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS|&#x770;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS|&#x771;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE|&#x772;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x773;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x774;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x775;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x776;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR BELOW|&#x777;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x778;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x779;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ABOVE|&#x77a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE ABOVE|&#x77b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR BELOW|&#x77c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR ABOVE|&#x77d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH INVERTED V|&#x77e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x77f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Thaana''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|078x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER HAA|&#x780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SHAVIYANI|&#x781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER NOONU|&#x782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER RAA|&#x783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER BAA|&#x784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER LHAVIYANI|&#x785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER KAAFU|&#x786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ALIFU|&#x787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER VAAVU|&#x788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER MEEMU|&#x789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER FAAFU|&#x78a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER DHAALU|&#x78b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER THAA|&#x78c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER LAAMU|&#x78d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER GAAFU|&#x78e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER GNAVIYANI|&#x78f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|079x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SEENU|&#x790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER DAVIYANI|&#x791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ZAVIYANI|&#x792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER TAVIYANI|&#x793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER YAA|&#x794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER PAVIYANI|&#x795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER JAVIYANI|&#x796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER CHAVIYANI|&#x797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER TTAA|&#x798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER HHAA|&#x799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER KHAA|&#x79a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER THAALU|&#x79b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ZAA|&#x79c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SHEENU|&#x79d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER SAADHU|&#x79e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER DAADHU|&#x79f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|07Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER TO|&#x7a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER ZO|&#x7a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER AINU|&#x7a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER GHAINU|&#x7a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER QAAFU|&#x7a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER WAAVU|&#x7a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA ABAFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA AABAAFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA IBIFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA EEBEEFILI|&nbsp;&#x7a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA UBUFILI|&nbsp;&#x7aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA OOBOOFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA EBEFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA EYBEYFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA OBOFILI|&nbsp;&#x7ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA OABOAFILI|&nbsp;&#x7af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|07Bx |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA SUKUN|&nbsp;&#x7b0;}}||style="{{3.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THAANA LETTER NAA|&#x7b1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''NKo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|07Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT ZERO|&#x7c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT ONE|&#x7c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT TWO|&#x7c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT THREE|&#x7c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT FOUR|&#x7c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT FIVE|&#x7c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT SIX|&#x7c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT SEVEN|&#x7c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT EIGHT|&#x7c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DIGIT NINE|&#x7c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER A|&#x7ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER EE|&#x7cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER I|&#x7cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER E|&#x7cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER U|&#x7ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER OO|&#x7cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|07Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER O|&#x7d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER DAGBASINNA|&#x7d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER N|&#x7d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER BA|&#x7d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER PA|&#x7d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER TA|&#x7d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JA|&#x7d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER CHA|&#x7d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER DA|&#x7d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER RA|&#x7d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER RRA|&#x7da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER SA|&#x7db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER GBA|&#x7dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER FA|&#x7dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER KA|&#x7de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER LA|&#x7df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|07Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NA WOLOSO|&#x7e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER MA|&#x7e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NYA|&#x7e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NA|&#x7e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER HA|&#x7e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER WA|&#x7e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER YA|&#x7e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER NYA WOLOSO|&#x7e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JONA JA|&#x7e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JONA CHA|&#x7e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LETTER JONA RA|&#x7ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING SHORT HIGH TONE|&nbsp;&#x7eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING SHORT LOW TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING SHORT RISING TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG DESCENDING TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG HIGH TONE|&nbsp;&#x7ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{5.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|07Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG LOW TONE|&nbsp;&#x7f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING LONG RISING TONE|&nbsp;&#x7f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING NASALIZATION MARK|&nbsp;&#x7f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMBINING DOUBLE DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x7f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO HIGH TONE APOSTROPHE|&#x7f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LOW TONE APOSTROPHE|&#x7f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO SYMBOL OO DENNEN|&#x7f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO SYMBOL GBAKURUNEN|&#x7f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO COMMA|&#x7f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x7f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO LAJANYALAN|&#x7fa;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DANTAYALAN|&#x7fd;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO DOROME SIGN|&#x7fe;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NKO TAMAN SIGN|&#x7ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Samaritan''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|080x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER ALAF|&#x800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER BIT|&#x801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER GAMAN|&#x802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER DALAT|&#x803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER IY|&#x804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER BAA|&#x805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER ZEN|&#x806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER IT|&#x807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER TIT|&#x808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER YUT|&#x809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER KAAF|&#x80a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER LABAT|&#x80b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER MIM|&#x80c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER NUN|&#x80d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER SINGAAT|&#x80e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER IN|&#x80f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|081x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER FI|&#x810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER TSAADIY|&#x811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER QUF|&#x812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER RISH|&#x813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER SHAN|&#x814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN LETTER TAAF|&#x815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK IN|&#x816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK IN-ALAF|&#x817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK OCCLUSION|&#x818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK DAGESH|&#x819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER EPENTHETIC YUT|&#x81a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK EPENTHETIC YUT|&#x81b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG E|&#x81c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN E|&#x81d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN OVERLONG AA|&#x81e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG AA|&#x81f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|082x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN OVERLONG A|&#x821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG A|&#x822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN A|&#x823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER SHORT A|&#x824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN SHORT A|&#x825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG U|&#x826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN U|&#x827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MODIFIER LETTER I|&#x828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN LONG I|&#x829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN I|&#x82a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN O|&#x82b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN VOWEL SIGN SUKUN|&#x82c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN MARK NEQUDAA|&#x82d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{5.2}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|083x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION NEQUDAA|&#x830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION AFSAAQ|&#x831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ANGED|&#x832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION BAU|&#x833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ATMAAU|&#x834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION SHIYYAALAA|&#x835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN ABBREVIATION MARK|&#x836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION MELODIC QITSA|&#x837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ZIQAA|&#x838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION QITSA|&#x839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ZAEF|&#x83a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION TURU|&#x83b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ARKAANU|&#x83c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION SOF MASHFAAT|&#x83d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAMARITAN PUNCTUATION ANNAAU|&#x83e;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Mandaic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{6.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|084x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER HALQA|&#x840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AB|&#x841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AG|&#x842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AD|&#x843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AH|&#x844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER USHENNA|&#x845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AZ|&#x846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER IT|&#x847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER ATT|&#x848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AKSA|&#x849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AK|&#x84a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AL|&#x84b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AM|&#x84c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AN|&#x84d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AS|&#x84e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER IN|&#x84f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{6.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|085x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AP|&#x850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER ASZ|&#x851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AQ|&#x852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AR|&#x853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER ASH|&#x854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AT|&#x855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER DUSHENNA|&#x856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER KAD|&#x857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC LETTER AIN|&#x858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC AFFRICATION MARK|&#x859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC VOCALIZATION MARK|&#x85a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC GEMINATION MARK|&#x85b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MANDAIC PUNCTUATION|&#x85e;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Syriac Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{10.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|086x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NGA|&#x860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM JA|&#x861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NYA|&#x862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM TTA|&#x863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NNA|&#x864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM NNNA|&#x865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM BHA|&#x866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM RA|&#x867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM LLA|&#x868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM LLLA|&#x869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYRIAC LETTER MALAYALAM SSA|&#x86a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Arabic Extended-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{14.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|087x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED FATHA|&#x870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA|&#x871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE|&#x872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH LEFT MIDDLE STROKE|&#x873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED KASRA|&#x874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA|&#x875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED ROUND DOT ABOVE|&#x876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED RIGHT ROUND DOT|&#x877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED LEFT ROUND DOT|&#x878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED ROUND DOT BELOW|&#x879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x87a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA AND DOT ABOVE|&#x87b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE AND DOT ABOVE|&#x87c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA AND DOT ABOVE|&#x87d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED TOP RIGHT FATHA AND LEFT RING|&#x87e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH RIGHT MIDDLE STROKE AND LEFT RING|&#x87f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{14.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|088x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED BOTTOM RIGHT KASRA AND LEFT RING|&#x880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH ATTACHED RIGHT HAMZA|&#x881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ALEF ALEF WITH ATTACHED LEFT HAMZA|&#x882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL WITH OVERSTRUCK HAMZA|&#x883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL WITH OVERSTRUCK WAW|&#x884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TATWEEL WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER THIN YEH|&#x886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC BASELINE ROUND DOT|&#x887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RAISED ROUND DOT|&#x888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH INVERTED SMALL V|&#x889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH INVERTED SMALL V BELOW|&#x88a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH DOT BELOW|&#x88b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x88c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICALLY BELOW|&#x88d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC VERTICAL TAIL|&#x88e;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{14.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|089x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC POUND MARK ABOVE|&#x890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PIASTRE MARK ABOVE|&#x891;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{16.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC PEPET|&#x897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AL-JUZ|&#x898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD ISHMAAM|&#x899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD IMAALA|&#x89a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WORD TASHEEL|&#x89b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MADDA WAAJIB|&#x89c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUPERSCRIPT ALEF MOKHASSAS|&#x89d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLED MADDA|&#x89e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC HALF MADDA OVER MADDA|&#x89f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Arabic Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{6.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|08Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V BELOW|&#x8a0;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE|&#x8a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW|&#x8a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOUBLE BAR|&#x8a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND HAMZA ABOVE|&#x8a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x8a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH LOOP|&#x8aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT WITHIN|&#x8ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ROHINGYA YEH|&#x8ac;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LOW ALEF|&#x8ad;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8ae;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{9.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|08Bx |style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH INVERTED STROKE|&#x8b0;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER STRAIGHT WAW|&#x8b1;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER ZAIN WITH INVERTED V ABOVE|&#x8b2;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8b3;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT BELOW|&#x8b4;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW AND NO DOTS ABOVE|&#x8b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL MEEM ABOVE|&#x8b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEH WITH SMALL MEEM ABOVE|&#x8b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH SMALL TEH ABOVE|&#x8b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL NOON ABOVE|&#x8b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND SMALL NOON ABOVE|&#x8ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN FEH|&#x8bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN QAF|&#x8bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN NOON|&#x8bd;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER PEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8be;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{13.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|08Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TTEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER TCHEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH SMALL V|&#x8c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GHAIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER AFRICAN QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE|&#x8c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x8c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE|&#x8c7;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LETTER GRAF|&#x8c8;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL FARSI YEH|&#x8c9;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH FARSI YEH|&#x8ca;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH YEH BARREE WITH TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x8cb;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD SAH|&#x8cc;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH ZAH|&#x8cd;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT ABOVE|&#x8ce;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT BELOW|&#x8cf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{9.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|08Dx |style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SUKUN BELOW|&#x8d0;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE CIRCLE BELOW|&#x8d1;}}||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LARGE ROUND DOT INSIDE CIRCLE BELOW|&#x8d2;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW WAW|&#x8d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AR-RUB|&#x8d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH SAD|&#x8d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH AIN|&#x8d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH QAF|&#x8d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON WITH KASRA|&#x8d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL LOW NOON WITH KASRA|&#x8d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD ATH-THALATHA|&#x8da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AS-SAJDA|&#x8db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD AN-NISF|&#x8dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD SAKTA|&#x8dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD QIF|&#x8de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WORD WAQFA|&#x8df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{6.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|08Ex |style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH FOOTNOTE MARKER|&#x8e0;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH SIGN SAFHA|&#x8e1;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DISPUTED END OF AYAH|&#x8e2;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TURNED DAMMA BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY FATHA|&nbsp;&#x8e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY DAMMA|&nbsp;&#x8e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY KASRA|&nbsp;&#x8e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY FATHATAN|&nbsp;&#x8e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY DAMMATAN|&nbsp;&#x8e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC CURLY KASRATAN|&nbsp;&#x8e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE ONE DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE TWO DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE LOOP ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE ONE DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE TWO DOTS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC TONE LOOP BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{6.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|08Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC OPEN FATHATAN|&nbsp;&#x8f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC OPEN DAMMATAN|&nbsp;&#x8f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC OPEN KASRATAN|&nbsp;&#x8f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC SMALL HIGH WAW|&nbsp;&#x8f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA WITH RING|&nbsp;&#x8f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC FATHA WITH DOT ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC KASRA WITH DOT BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LEFT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC LEFT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x8fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLE RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x8fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DOUBLE RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE WITH DOT|&nbsp;&#x8fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC RIGHT ARROWHEAD ABOVE WITH DOT|&nbsp;&#x8fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC DAMMA WITH DOT|&nbsp;&#x8fe;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ARABIC MARK SIDEWAYS NOON GHUNNA|&nbsp;&#x8ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Devanagari''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|090x |style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU|&#x900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA|&#x903;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT A|&#x904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER A|&#x905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AA|&#x906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER I|&#x907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER II|&#x908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER U|&#x909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER UU|&#x90a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x90b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x90c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E|&#x90d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E|&#x90e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER E|&#x90f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|091x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AI|&#x910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O|&#x911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O|&#x912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER O|&#x913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AU|&#x914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER KA|&#x915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA|&#x916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GA|&#x917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA|&#x918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA|&#x919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CA|&#x91a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CHA|&#x91b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER JA|&#x91c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA|&#x91d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA|&#x91e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA|&#x91f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|092x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA|&#x920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA|&#x921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA|&#x922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA|&#x923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER TA|&#x924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER THA|&#x925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DA|&#x926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA|&#x927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NA|&#x928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER NNNA|&#x929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER PA|&#x92a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA|&#x92b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER BA|&#x92c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA|&#x92d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER MA|&#x92e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER YA|&#x92f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|093x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER RA|&#x930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA|&#x931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER LA|&#x932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER LLA|&#x933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER LLLA|&#x934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VA|&#x935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA|&#x936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA|&#x937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER SA|&#x938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER HA|&#x939;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE|&#x93a;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE|&#x93b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA|&#x93c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x93d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x93e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x93f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|094x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E|&#x945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E|&#x946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O|&#x949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O|&#x94a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x94b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x94c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x94d;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN PRISHTHAMATRA E|&#x94e;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW|&#x94f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|095x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI OM|&#x950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN UDATTA|&#x951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA|&#x952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI GRAVE ACCENT|&#x953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI ACUTE ACCENT|&#x954;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA LONG E|&#x955;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x956;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE|&#x957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER QA|&#x958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER KHHA|&#x959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GHHA|&#x95a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER ZA|&#x95b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDHA|&#x95c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER RHA|&#x95d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER FA|&#x95e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER YYA|&#x95f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|096x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DANDA|&#x964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DOUBLE DANDA|&#x965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT ZERO|&#x966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT ONE|&#x967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT TWO|&#x968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE|&#x969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT FOUR|&#x96a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE|&#x96b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT SIX|&#x96c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x96d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x96e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE|&#x96f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{6.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|097x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x970;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI SIGN HIGH SPACING DOT|&#x971;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A|&#x972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER OE|&#x973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE|&#x974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER AW|&#x975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER UE|&#x976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER UUE|&#x977;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER MARWARI DDA|&#x978;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER ZHA|&#x979;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER HEAVY YA|&#x97a;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GGA|&#x97b;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER JJA|&#x97c;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER GLOTTAL STOP|&#x97d;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDA|&#x97e;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DEVANAGARI LETTER BBA|&#x97f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Bengali''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|098x |style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI ANJI|&#x980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#x981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN VISARGA|&#x983;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER A|&#x985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER AA|&#x986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER I|&#x987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER II|&#x988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER U|&#x989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER UU|&#x98a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x98b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x98c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER E|&#x98f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|099x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER AI|&#x990;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER O|&#x993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER AU|&#x994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER KA|&#x995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER KHA|&#x996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER GA|&#x997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER GHA|&#x998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NGA|&#x999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER CA|&#x99a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER CHA|&#x99b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER JA|&#x99c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER JHA|&#x99d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NYA|&#x99e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER TTA|&#x99f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|09Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER TTHA|&#x9a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DDA|&#x9a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DDHA|&#x9a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NNA|&#x9a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER TA|&#x9a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER THA|&#x9a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DA|&#x9a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER DHA|&#x9a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER NA|&#x9a8;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER PA|&#x9aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER PHA|&#x9ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER BA|&#x9ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER BHA|&#x9ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER MA|&#x9ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER YA|&#x9af;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|09Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RA|&#x9b0;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER LA|&#x9b2;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER SHA|&#x9b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER SSA|&#x9b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER SA|&#x9b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER HA|&#x9b9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN NUKTA|&#x9bc;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#x9bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x9be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I|&#x9bf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|09Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN II|&#x9c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN U|&#x9c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x9c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x9c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x9c4;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN E|&#x9c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x9c8;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN O|&#x9cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x9cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA|&#x9cd;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER KHANDA TA|&#x9ce;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|09Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI AU LENGTH MARK|&#x9d7;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RRA|&#x9dc;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RHA|&#x9dd;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER YYA|&#x9df;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|09Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x9e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x9e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x9e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x9e3;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT ZERO|&#x9e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT ONE|&#x9e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT TWO|&#x9e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT THREE|&#x9e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT FOUR|&#x9ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT FIVE|&#x9eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT SIX|&#x9ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x9ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x9ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI DIGIT NINE|&#x9ef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|09Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RA WITH MIDDLE DIAGONAL|&#x9f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER RA WITH LOWER DIAGONAL|&#x9f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI RUPEE MARK|&#x9f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI RUPEE SIGN|&#x9f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR ONE|&#x9f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR TWO|&#x9f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR THREE|&#x9f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR FOUR|&#x9f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR ONE LESS THAN THE DENOMINATOR|&#x9f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI CURRENCY DENOMINATOR SIXTEEN|&#x9f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI ISSHAR|&#x9fa;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI GANDA MARK|&#x9fb;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&#x9fc;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#x9fd;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BENGALI SANDHI MARK|&#x9fe;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Gurmukhi''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0A0x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN ADAK BINDI|&#xa01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI|&#xa02;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN VISARGA|&#xa03;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER A|&#xa05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER AA|&#xa06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER I|&#xa07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER II|&#xa08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER U|&#xa09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER UU|&#xa0a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER EE|&#xa0f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0A1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER AI|&#xa10;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER OO|&#xa13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER AU|&#xa14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER KA|&#xa15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER KHA|&#xa16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER GA|&#xa17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER GHA|&#xa18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NGA|&#xa19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER CA|&#xa1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER CHA|&#xa1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER JA|&#xa1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER JHA|&#xa1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NYA|&#xa1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER TTA|&#xa1f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0A2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA|&#xa20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DDA|&#xa21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DDHA|&#xa22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NNA|&#xa23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER TA|&#xa24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER THA|&#xa25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DA|&#xa26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER DHA|&#xa27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER NA|&#xa28;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER PA|&#xa2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER PHA|&#xa2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER BA|&#xa2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER BHA|&#xa2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER MA|&#xa2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER YA|&#xa2f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0A3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER RA|&#xa30;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER LA|&#xa32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER LLA|&#xa33;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER VA|&#xa35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER SHA|&#xa36;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER SA|&#xa38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER HA|&#xa39;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA|&#xa3c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xa3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I|&#xa3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0A4x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II|&#xa40;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U|&#xa41;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xa42;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xa47;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xa48;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xa4b;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xa4c;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA|&#xa4d;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0A5x |&nbsp;||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN UDAAT|&nbsp;&#xa51;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER KHHA|&#xa59;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER GHHA|&#xa5a;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER ZA|&#xa5b;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER RRA|&#xa5c;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI LETTER FA|&#xa5e;}}||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0A6x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT ZERO|&#xa66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT ONE|&#xa67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT TWO|&#xa68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT THREE|&#xa69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT FOUR|&#xa6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT FIVE|&#xa6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT SIX|&#xa6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xa6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xa6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI DIGIT NINE|&#xa6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0A7x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI TIPPI|&#xa70;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI ADDAK|&#xa71;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI IRI|&#xa72;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI URA|&#xa73;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI EK ONKAR|&#xa74;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI SIGN YAKASH|&#xa75;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GURMUKHI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#xa76;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Gujarati''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0A8x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xa81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xa82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN VISARGA|&#xa83;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER A|&#xa85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER AA|&#xa86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER I|&#xa87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER II|&#xa88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER U|&#xa89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER UU|&#xa8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xa8b;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xa8c;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA E|&#xa8d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER E|&#xa8f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0A9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER AI|&#xa90;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA O|&#xa91;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER O|&#xa93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER AU|&#xa94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER KA|&#xa95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER KHA|&#xa96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER GA|&#xa97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER GHA|&#xa98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NGA|&#xa99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER CA|&#xa9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER CHA|&#xa9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER JA|&#xa9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER JHA|&#xa9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NYA|&#xa9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER TTA|&#xa9f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0AAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER TTHA|&#xaa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DDA|&#xaa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DDHA|&#xaa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NNA|&#xaa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER TA|&#xaa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER THA|&#xaa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DA|&#xaa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER DHA|&#xaa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER NA|&#xaa8;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER PA|&#xaaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER PHA|&#xaab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER BA|&#xaac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER BHA|&#xaad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER MA|&#xaae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER YA|&#xaaf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0ABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER RA|&#xab0;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER LA|&#xab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER LLA|&#xab3;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VA|&#xab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER SHA|&#xab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER SSA|&#xab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER SA|&#xab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER HA|&#xab9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN NUKTA|&#xabc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xabd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xabe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN I|&#xabf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0ACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN II|&#xac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN U|&#xac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E|&#xac5;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN E|&#xac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xac8;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O|&#xac9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN O|&#xacb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xacc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA|&#xacd;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0ADx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI OM|&#xad0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0AEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xae0;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xae1;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xae2;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xae3;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT ZERO|&#xae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT ONE|&#xae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT TWO|&#xae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT THREE|&#xae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT FOUR|&#xaea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT FIVE|&#xaeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT SIX|&#xaec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xaed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xaee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI DIGIT NINE|&#xaef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0AFx |style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI ABBREVIATION SIGN|&#xaf0;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI RUPEE SIGN|&#xaf1;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI LETTER ZHA|&#xaf9;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN SUKUN|&#xafa;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN SHADDA|&#xafb;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN MADDAH|&#xafc;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN THREE-DOT NUKTA ABOVE|&#xafd;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE|&#xafe;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GUJARATI SIGN TWO-CIRCLE NUKTA ABOVE|&#xaff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Oriya''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0B0x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xb01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xb02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN VISARGA|&#xb03;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER A|&#xb05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER AA|&#xb06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER I|&#xb07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER II|&#xb08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER U|&#xb09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER UU|&#xb0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xb0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xb0c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER E|&#xb0f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0B1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER AI|&#xb10;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER O|&#xb13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER AU|&#xb14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER KA|&#xb15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER KHA|&#xb16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER GA|&#xb17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER GHA|&#xb18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NGA|&#xb19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER CA|&#xb1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER CHA|&#xb1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER JA|&#xb1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER JHA|&#xb1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NYA|&#xb1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER TTA|&#xb1f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0B2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER TTHA|&#xb20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DDA|&#xb21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DDHA|&#xb22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NNA|&#xb23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER TA|&#xb24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER THA|&#xb25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DA|&#xb26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER DHA|&#xb27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER NA|&#xb28;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER PA|&#xb2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER PHA|&#xb2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER BA|&#xb2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER BHA|&#xb2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER MA|&#xb2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER YA|&#xb2f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0B3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER RA|&#xb30;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER LA|&#xb32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER LLA|&#xb33;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VA|&#xb35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER SHA|&#xb36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER SSA|&#xb37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER SA|&#xb38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER HA|&#xb39;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN NUKTA|&#xb3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xb3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xb3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN I|&#xb3f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0B4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN II|&#xb40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN U|&#xb41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xb42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xb43;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xb44;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN E|&#xb47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xb48;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN O|&#xb4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xb4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA|&#xb4d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0B5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA SIGN OVERLINE|&#xb55;}}||style="{{1.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA AI LENGTH MARK|&#xb56;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA AU LENGTH MARK|&#xb57;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER RRA|&#xb5c;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER RHA|&#xb5d;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER YYA|&#xb5f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0B6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xb60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xb61;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xb62;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xb63;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT ZERO|&#xb66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT ONE|&#xb67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT TWO|&#xb68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT THREE|&#xb69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT FOUR|&#xb6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT FIVE|&#xb6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT SIX|&#xb6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT SEVEN|&#xb6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT EIGHT|&#xb6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA DIGIT NINE|&#xb6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0B7x |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA ISSHAR|&#xb70;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA LETTER WA|&#xb71;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#xb72;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE HALF|&#xb73;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#xb74;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH|&#xb75;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#xb76;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIYA FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&#xb77;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tamil''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0B8x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xb82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VISARGA|&#xb83;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER A|&#xb85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER AA|&#xb86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER I|&#xb87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER II|&#xb88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER U|&#xb89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER UU|&#xb8a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER E|&#xb8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER EE|&#xb8f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0B9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER AI|&#xb90;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER O|&#xb92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER OO|&#xb93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER AU|&#xb94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER KA|&#xb95;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NGA|&#xb99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER CA|&#xb9a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER JA|&#xb9c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NYA|&#xb9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER TTA|&#xb9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0BAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NNA|&#xba3;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER TA|&#xba4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NA|&#xba8;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER NNNA|&#xba9;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER PA|&#xbaa;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER MA|&#xbae;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER YA|&#xbaf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0BBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER RA|&#xbb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER RRA|&#xbb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER LA|&#xbb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER LLA|&#xbb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER LLLA|&#xbb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER VA|&#xbb5;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER SHA|&#xbb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER SSA|&#xbb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER SA|&#xbb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL LETTER HA|&#xbb9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xbbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I|&#xbbf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0BCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II|&#xbc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U|&#xbc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xbc2;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E|&#xbc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xbc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xbc8;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O|&#xbca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xbcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xbcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA|&#xbcd;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0BDx |style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL OM|&#xbd0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK|&#xbd7;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0BEx |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT ZERO|&#xbe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT ONE|&#xbe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT TWO|&#xbe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT THREE|&#xbe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT FOUR|&#xbea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT FIVE|&#xbeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT SIX|&#xbec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT SEVEN|&#xbed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT EIGHT|&#xbee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DIGIT NINE|&#xbef;}} |----- align="center" style="{{4.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0BFx |style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER TEN|&#xbf0;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#xbf1;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#xbf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DAY SIGN|&#xbf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL MONTH SIGN|&#xbf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL YEAR SIGN|&#xbf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL DEBIT SIGN|&#xbf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL CREDIT SIGN|&#xbf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL AS ABOVE SIGN|&#xbf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL RUPEE SIGN|&#xbf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAMIL NUMBER SIGN|&#xbfa;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Telugu''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0C0x |style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN COMBINING CANDRABINDU ABOVE|&#xc00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xc01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xc02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN VISARGA|&#xc03;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#xc04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER A|&#xc05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER AA|&#xc06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER I|&#xc07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER II|&#xc08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER U|&#xc09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER UU|&#xc0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xc0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xc0c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER E|&#xc0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER EE|&#xc0f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0C1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER AI|&#xc10;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER O|&#xc12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER OO|&#xc13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER AU|&#xc14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER KA|&#xc15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER KHA|&#xc16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER GA|&#xc17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER GHA|&#xc18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NGA|&#xc19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER CA|&#xc1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER CHA|&#xc1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER JA|&#xc1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER JHA|&#xc1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NYA|&#xc1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TTA|&#xc1f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0C2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TTHA|&#xc20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DDA|&#xc21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DDHA|&#xc22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NNA|&#xc23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TA|&#xc24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER THA|&#xc25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DA|&#xc26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DHA|&#xc27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NA|&#xc28;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER PA|&#xc2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER PHA|&#xc2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER BA|&#xc2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER BHA|&#xc2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER MA|&#xc2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER YA|&#xc2f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0C3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER RA|&#xc30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER RRA|&#xc31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER LA|&#xc32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER LLA|&#xc33;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER LLLA|&#xc34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VA|&#xc35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER SHA|&#xc36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER SSA|&#xc37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER SA|&#xc38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER HA|&#xc39;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN NUKTA|&#xc3c;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xc3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xc3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN I|&#xc3f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0C4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN II|&#xc40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN U|&#xc41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xc42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xc43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xc44;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN E|&#xc46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xc47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xc48;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN O|&#xc4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xc4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xc4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA|&#xc4d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0C5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LENGTH MARK|&#xc55;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU AI LENGTH MARK|&#xc56;}}||&nbsp;||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER TSA|&#xc58;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER DZA|&#xc59;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER RRRA|&#xc5a;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER NAKAARA POLLU|&#xc5d;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0C6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xc60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xc61;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xc62;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xc63;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT ZERO|&#xc66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT ONE|&#xc67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT TWO|&#xc68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT THREE|&#xc69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT FOUR|&#xc6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT FIVE|&#xc6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT SIX|&#xc6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT SEVEN|&#xc6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT EIGHT|&#xc6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU DIGIT NINE|&#xc6f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0C7x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN SIDDHAM|&#xc77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ZERO FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ONE FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT TWO FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT THREE FOR ODD POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT ONE FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT TWO FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU FRACTION DIGIT THREE FOR EVEN POWERS OF FOUR|&#xc7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELUGU SIGN TUUMU|&#xc7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Kannada''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0C8x |style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU|&#xc80;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xc81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xc82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN VISARGA|&#xc83;}}||style="{{11.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN SIDDHAM|&#xc84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER A|&#xc85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER AA|&#xc86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER I|&#xc87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER II|&#xc88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER U|&#xc89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER UU|&#xc8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xc8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xc8c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER E|&#xc8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER EE|&#xc8f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0C9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER AI|&#xc90;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER O|&#xc92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER OO|&#xc93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER AU|&#xc94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER KA|&#xc95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER KHA|&#xc96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER GA|&#xc97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER GHA|&#xc98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NGA|&#xc99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER CA|&#xc9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER CHA|&#xc9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER JA|&#xc9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER JHA|&#xc9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NYA|&#xc9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER TTA|&#xc9f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0CAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER TTHA|&#xca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DDA|&#xca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DDHA|&#xca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NNA|&#xca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER TA|&#xca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER THA|&#xca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DA|&#xca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER DHA|&#xca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NA|&#xca8;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER PA|&#xcaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER PHA|&#xcab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER BA|&#xcac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER BHA|&#xcad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER MA|&#xcae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER YA|&#xcaf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0CBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER RA|&#xcb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER RRA|&#xcb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER LA|&#xcb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER LLA|&#xcb3;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VA|&#xcb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER SHA|&#xcb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER SSA|&#xcb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER SA|&#xcb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER HA|&#xcb9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN NUKTA|&#xcbc;}}||style="{{4.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xcbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xcbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN I|&#xcbf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0CCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN II|&#xcc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN U|&#xcc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xcc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xcc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xcc4;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN E|&#xcc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xcc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xcc8;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN O|&#xcca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA|&#xccd;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0CDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LENGTH MARK|&#xcd5;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA AI LENGTH MARK|&#xcd6;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{14.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER NAKAARA POLLU|&#xcdd;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER LLA|&#xcde;}}||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0CEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xce0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xce1;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xce2;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xce3;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT ZERO|&#xce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT ONE|&#xce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT TWO|&#xce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT THREE|&#xce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT FOUR|&#xcea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT FIVE|&#xceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT SIX|&#xcec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT SEVEN|&#xced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT EIGHT|&#xcee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA DIGIT NINE|&#xcef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0CFx |&nbsp;||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#xcf1;}}||style="{{5.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#xcf2;}}||style="{{15.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANNADA SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE RIGHT|&#xcf3;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Malayalam''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0D0x |style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN COMBINING ANUSVARA ABOVE|&#xd00;}}||style="{{7.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xd01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA|&#xd02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN VISARGA|&#xd03;}}||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA|&#xd04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER A|&#xd05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER AA|&#xd06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER I|&#xd07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER II|&#xd08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER U|&#xd09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER UU|&#xd0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC R|&#xd0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC L|&#xd0c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER E|&#xd0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER EE|&#xd0f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0D1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER AI|&#xd10;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER O|&#xd12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER OO|&#xd13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER AU|&#xd14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER KA|&#xd15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER KHA|&#xd16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER GA|&#xd17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER GHA|&#xd18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NGA|&#xd19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CA|&#xd1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHA|&#xd1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER JA|&#xd1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER JHA|&#xd1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NYA|&#xd1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TTA|&#xd1f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0D2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TTHA|&#xd20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DDA|&#xd21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DDHA|&#xd22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NNA|&#xd23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TA|&#xd24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER THA|&#xd25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DA|&#xd26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DHA|&#xd27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NA|&#xd28;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER NNNA|&#xd29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER PA|&#xd2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER PHA|&#xd2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER BA|&#xd2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER BHA|&#xd2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER MA|&#xd2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER YA|&#xd2f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0D3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER RA|&#xd30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER RRA|&#xd31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER LA|&#xd32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER LLA|&#xd33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA|&#xd34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VA|&#xd35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER SHA|&#xd36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER SSA|&#xd37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER SA|&#xd38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER HA|&#xd39;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER TTTA|&#xd3a;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN VERTICAL BAR VIRAMA|&#xd3b;}}||style="{{10.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN CIRCULAR VIRAMA|&#xd3c;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN AVAGRAHA|&#xd3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xd3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN I|&#xd3f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0D4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN II|&#xd40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U|&#xd41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU|&#xd42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#xd43;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#xd44;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN E|&#xd46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN EE|&#xd47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xd48;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN O|&#xd4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN OO|&#xd4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AU|&#xd4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA|&#xd4d;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER DOT REPH|&#xd4e;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM SIGN PARA|&#xd4f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{9.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0D5x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU M|&#xd54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU Y|&#xd55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LLL|&#xd56;}}||style="{{1.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM AU LENGTH MARK|&#xd57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE ONE-HUNDRED-AND-SIXTIETH|&#xd58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE FORTIETH|&#xd59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE EIGHTIETHS|&#xd5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE TWENTIETH|&#xd5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE TENTH|&#xd5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE TWENTIETHS|&#xd5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE FIFTH|&#xd5e;}}||style="{{8.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER ARCHAIC II|&#xd5f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0D6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#xd60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#xd61;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#xd62;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#xd63;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT ZERO|&#xd66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT ONE|&#xd67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT TWO|&#xd68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT THREE|&#xd69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT FOUR|&#xd6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT FIVE|&#xd6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT SIX|&#xd6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT SEVEN|&#xd6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT EIGHT|&#xd6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DIGIT NINE|&#xd6f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{5.1}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0D7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM NUMBER TEN|&#xd70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM NUMBER ONE HUNDRED|&#xd71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM NUMBER ONE THOUSAND|&#xd72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE QUARTER|&#xd73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE HALF|&#xd74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE QUARTERS|&#xd75;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE SIXTEENTH|&#xd76;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#xd77;}}||style="{{9.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM FRACTION THREE SIXTEENTHS|&#xd78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM DATE MARK|&#xd79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU NN|&#xd7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU N|&#xd7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU RR|&#xd7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU L|&#xd7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU LL|&#xd7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALAYALAM LETTER CHILLU K|&#xd7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Sinhala''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0D8x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{13.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN CANDRABINDU|&#xd81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN ANUSVARAYA|&#xd82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN VISARGAYA|&#xd83;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AYANNA|&#xd85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AAYANNA|&#xd86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AEYANNA|&#xd87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AEEYANNA|&#xd88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IYANNA|&#xd89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IIYANNA|&#xd8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER UYANNA|&#xd8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER UUYANNA|&#xd8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IRUYANNA|&#xd8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER IRUUYANNA|&#xd8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ILUYANNA|&#xd8f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0D9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ILUUYANNA|&#xd90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER EYANNA|&#xd91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER EEYANNA|&#xd92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AIYANNA|&#xd93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER OYANNA|&#xd94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER OOYANNA|&#xd95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AUYANNA|&#xd96;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA KAYANNA|&#xd9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA KAYANNA|&#xd9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA GAYANNA|&#xd9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA GAYANNA|&#xd9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER KANTAJA NAASIKYAYA|&#xd9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA GAYANNA|&#xd9f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0DAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA CAYANNA|&#xda0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA CAYANNA|&#xda1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA JAYANNA|&#xda2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA JAYANNA|&#xda3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA NAASIKYAYA|&#xda4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SANYOOGA NAAKSIKYAYA|&#xda5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA JAYANNA|&#xda6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TTAYANNA|&#xda7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TTAYANNA|&#xda8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DDAYANNA|&#xda9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DDAYANNA|&#xdaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA NAYANNA|&#xdab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DDAYANNA|&#xdac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TAYANNA|&#xdad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TAYANNA|&#xdae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DAYANNA|&#xdaf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0DBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DAYANNA|&#xdb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA NAYANNA|&#xdb1;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DAYANNA|&#xdb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA PAYANNA|&#xdb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA PAYANNA|&#xdb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA BAYANNA|&#xdb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA BAYANNA|&#xdb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MAYANNA|&#xdb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER AMBA BAYANNA|&#xdb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER YAYANNA|&#xdba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER RAYANNA|&#xdbb;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA LAYANNA|&#xdbd;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0DCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER VAYANNA|&#xdc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SAYANNA|&#xdc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA SAYANNA|&#xdc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA SAYANNA|&#xdc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER HAYANNA|&#xdc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA LAYANNA|&#xdc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LETTER FAYANNA|&#xdc6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA SIGN AL-LAKUNA|&#xdca;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN AELA-PILLA|&#xdcf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0DDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI AEDA-PILLA|&#xdd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA AEDA-PILLA|&#xdd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI IS-PILLA|&#xdd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA IS-PILLA|&#xdd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI PAA-PILLA|&#xdd4;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA PAA-PILLA|&#xdd6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAETTA-PILLA|&#xdd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA|&#xdd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA KOMBUVA|&#xdda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBU DEKA|&#xddb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA AELA-PILLA|&#xddc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA DIGA AELA-PILLA|&#xddd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA GAYANUKITTA|&#xdde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAYANUKITTA|&#xddf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{7.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0DEx |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT ZERO|&#xde6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT ONE|&#xde7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT TWO|&#xde8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT THREE|&#xde9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT FOUR|&#xdea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT FIVE|&#xdeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT SIX|&#xdec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT SEVEN|&#xded;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT EIGHT|&#xdee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA LITH DIGIT NINE|&#xdef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0DFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAETTA-PILLA|&#xdf2;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAYANUKITTA|&#xdf3;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SINHALA PUNCTUATION KUNDDALIYA|&#xdf4;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Thai''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0E0x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KO KAI|&#xe01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHAI|&#xe02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHUAT|&#xe03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHWAI|&#xe04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO KHON|&#xe05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHO RAKHANG|&#xe06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NGO NGU|&#xe07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHAN|&#xe08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHING|&#xe09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHANG|&#xe0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO SO|&#xe0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER CHO CHOE|&#xe0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER YO YING|&#xe0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER DO CHADA|&#xe0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER TO PATAK|&#xe0f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0E1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THAN|&#xe10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO NANGMONTHO|&#xe11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO PHUTHAO|&#xe12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NO NEN|&#xe13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER DO DEK|&#xe14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER TO TAO|&#xe15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THUNG|&#xe16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THAHAN|&#xe17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THO THONG|&#xe18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NO NU|&#xe19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER BO BAIMAI|&#xe1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PO PLA|&#xe1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHO PHUNG|&#xe1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER FO FA|&#xe1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHO PHAN|&#xe1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER FO FAN|&#xe1f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0E2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHO SAMPHAO|&#xe20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MO MA|&#xe21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER YO YAK|&#xe22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER RO RUA|&#xe23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER RU|&#xe24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LO LING|&#xe25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LU|&#xe26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER WO WAEN|&#xe27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO SALA|&#xe28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO RUSI|&#xe29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SO SUA|&#xe2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER HO HIP|&#xe2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LO CHULA|&#xe2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER O ANG|&#xe2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER HO NOKHUK|&#xe2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PAIYANNOI|&#xe2f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0E3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA A|&#xe30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI HAN-AKAT|&nbsp;&#xe31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AA|&#xe32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AM|&#xe33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA I|&nbsp;&#xe34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA II|&nbsp;&#xe35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA UE|&nbsp;&#xe36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA UEE|&nbsp;&#xe37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA U|&nbsp;&#xe38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA UU|&nbsp;&#xe39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER PHINTHU|&nbsp;&#xe3a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CURRENCY SYMBOL BAHT|&#xe3f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0E4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA E|&#xe40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AE|&#xe41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA O|&#xe42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AI MAIMUAN|&#xe43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER SARA AI MAIMALAI|&#xe44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER LAKKHANGYAO|&#xe45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAIYAMOK|&#xe46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAITAIKHU|&nbsp;&#xe47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI EK|&nbsp;&#xe48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI THO|&nbsp;&#xe49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI TRI|&nbsp;&#xe4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER MAI CHATTAWA|&nbsp;&#xe4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER THANTHAKHAT|&nbsp;&#xe4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER NIKHAHIT|&nbsp;&#xe4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER YAMAKKAN|&nbsp;&#xe4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER FONGMAN|&#xe4f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0E5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT ZERO|&#xe50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT ONE|&#xe51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT TWO|&#xe52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT THREE|&#xe53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT FOUR|&#xe54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT FIVE|&#xe55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT SIX|&#xe56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT SEVEN|&#xe57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT EIGHT|&#xe58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI DIGIT NINE|&#xe59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER ANGKHANKHU|&#xe5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THAI CHARACTER KHOMUT|&#xe5b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0E6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Lao''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0E8x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KO|&#xe81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHO SUNG|&#xe82;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHO TAM|&#xe84;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI GHA|&#xe86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER NGO|&#xe87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER CO|&#xe88;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI CHA|&#xe89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SO TAM|&#xe8a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI JHA|&#xe8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER NYO|&#xe8d;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI NYA|&#xe8e;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI TTA|&#xe8f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0E9x |style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI TTHA|&#xe90;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI DDA|&#xe91;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI DDHA|&#xe92;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI NNA|&#xe93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER DO|&#xe94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER TO|&#xe95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER THO SUNG|&#xe96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER THO TAM|&#xe97;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI DHA|&#xe98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER NO|&#xe99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER BO|&#xe9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PO|&#xe9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PHO SUNG|&#xe9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER FO FON|&#xe9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PHO TAM|&#xe9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER FO FAY|&#xe9f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0EAx |style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI BHA|&#xea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER MO|&#xea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER YO|&#xea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER RO|&#xea3;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER LO|&#xea5;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER WO|&#xea7;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SANSKRIT SHA|&#xea8;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SANSKRIT SSA|&#xea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER SO SUNG|&#xeaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER HO SUNG|&#xeab;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER PALI LLA|&#xeac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER O|&#xead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER HO TAM|&#xeae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO ELLIPSIS|&#xeaf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0EBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN A|&#xeb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KAN|&nbsp;&#xeb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AA|&#xeb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AM|&#xeb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN I|&nbsp;&#xeb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN II|&nbsp;&#xeb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN Y|&nbsp;&#xeb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN YY|&nbsp;&#xeb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN U|&nbsp;&#xeb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN UU|&nbsp;&#xeb9;}}||style="{{12.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO SIGN PALI VIRAMA|&nbsp;&#xeba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KON|&nbsp;&#xebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN LO|&nbsp;&#xebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN NYO|&#xebd;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0ECx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN E|&#xec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN EI|&#xec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN O|&#xec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AY|&#xec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO VOWEL SIGN AI|&#xec4;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO KO LA|&#xec6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI EK|&nbsp;&#xec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI THO|&nbsp;&#xec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI TI|&nbsp;&#xeca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO TONE MAI CATAWA|&nbsp;&#xecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO CANCELLATION MARK|&nbsp;&#xecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO NIGGAHITA|&nbsp;&#xecd;}}||style="{{15.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO YAMAKKAN|&#xece;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{1.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0EDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT ZERO|&#xed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT ONE|&#xed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT TWO|&#xed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT THREE|&#xed3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT FOUR|&#xed4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT FIVE|&#xed5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT SIX|&#xed6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT SEVEN|&#xed7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT EIGHT|&#xed8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO DIGIT NINE|&#xed9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO HO NO|&#xedc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO HO MO|&#xedd;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHMU GO|&#xede;}}||style="{{6.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LAO LETTER KHMU NYO|&#xedf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0EEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0EFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tibetan''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0F0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYLLABLE OM|&#xf00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO TRUNCATED A|&#xf01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO -UM RNAM BCAD MA|&#xf02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO -UM GTER TSHEG MA|&#xf03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK INITIAL YIG MGO MDUN MA|&#xf04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CLOSING YIG MGO SGAB MA|&#xf05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CARET YIG MGO PHUR SHAD MA|&#xf06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK YIG MGO TSHEG SHAD MA|&#xf07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK SBRUL SHAD|&#xf08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BSKUR YIG MGO|&#xf09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BKA- SHOG YIG MGO|&#xf0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK INTERSYLLABIC TSHEG|&#xf0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK DELIMITER TSHEG BSTAR|&#xf0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK SHAD|&#xf0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NYIS SHAD|&#xf0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK TSHEG SHAD|&#xf0f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0F1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NYIS TSHEG SHAD|&#xf10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK RIN CHEN SPUNGS SHAD|&#xf11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK RGYA GRAM SHAD|&#xf12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CARET -DZUD RTAGS ME LONG CAN|&#xf13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GTER TSHEG|&#xf14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LOGOTYPE SIGN CHAD RTAGS|&#xf15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LOGOTYPE SIGN LHAG RTAGS|&#xf16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SGRA GCAN -CHAR RTAGS|&#xf17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN -KHYUD PA|&#xf18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SDONG TSHUGS|&nbsp;&#xf19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GCIG|&#xf1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GNYIS|&#xf1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GSUM|&#xf1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GCIG|&#xf1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GNYIS|&#xf1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR RDEL NAG|&#xf1f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0F2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT ZERO|&#xf20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT ONE|&#xf21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT TWO|&#xf22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT THREE|&#xf23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT FOUR|&#xf24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT FIVE|&#xf25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT SIX|&#xf26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT SEVEN|&#xf27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT EIGHT|&#xf28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT NINE|&#xf29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF ONE|&#xf2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF TWO|&#xf2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF THREE|&#xf2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF FOUR|&#xf2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF FIVE|&#xf2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF SIX|&#xf2f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0F3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF SEVEN|&#xf30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF EIGHT|&#xf31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF NINE|&#xf32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN DIGIT HALF ZERO|&#xf33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BSDUS RTAGS|&#xf34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG NYI ZLA|&nbsp;&#xf35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CARET -DZUD RTAGS BZHI MIG CAN|&#xf36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG SGOR RTAGS|&nbsp;&#xf37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CHE MGO|&#xf38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK TSA -PHRU|&nbsp;&#xf39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYON|&#xf3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYAS|&#xf3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYON|&#xf3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYAS|&#xf3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN YAR TSHES|&#xf3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN MAR TSHES|&#xf3f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0F4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KA|&#xf40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KHA|&#xf41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER GA|&#xf42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER GHA|&#xf43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NGA|&#xf44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER CA|&#xf45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER CHA|&#xf46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER JA|&#xf47;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NYA|&#xf49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TTA|&#xf4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TTHA|&#xf4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DDA|&#xf4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DDHA|&#xf4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NNA|&#xf4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TA|&#xf4f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0F5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER THA|&#xf50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DA|&#xf51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DHA|&#xf52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER NA|&#xf53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER PA|&#xf54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER PHA|&#xf55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER BA|&#xf56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER BHA|&#xf57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER MA|&#xf58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TSA|&#xf59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER TSHA|&#xf5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DZA|&#xf5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER DZHA|&#xf5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER WA|&#xf5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER ZHA|&#xf5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER ZA|&#xf5f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0F6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER -A|&#xf60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER YA|&#xf61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER RA|&#xf62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER LA|&#xf63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER SHA|&#xf64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER SSA|&#xf65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER SA|&#xf66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER HA|&#xf67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER A|&#xf68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KSSA|&#xf69;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER FIXED-FORM RA|&#xf6a;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER KKA|&#xf6b;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN LETTER RRA|&#xf6c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0F7x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN AA|&nbsp;&#xf71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN I|&nbsp;&#xf72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN II|&nbsp;&#xf73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN U|&nbsp;&#xf74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN UU|&nbsp;&#xf75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&nbsp;&#xf76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&nbsp;&#xf77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&nbsp;&#xf78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&nbsp;&#xf79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN E|&nbsp;&#xf7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN EE|&nbsp;&#xf7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN O|&nbsp;&#xf7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN OO|&nbsp;&#xf7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RJES SU NGA RO|&nbsp;&#xf7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RNAM BCAD|&#xf7f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0F8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN REVERSED I|&nbsp;&#xf80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN REVERSED II|&nbsp;&#xf81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN NYI ZLA NAA DA|&nbsp;&#xf82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN SNA LDAN|&nbsp;&#xf83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK HALANTA|&nbsp;&#xf84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK PALUTA|&#xf85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN LCI RTAGS|&nbsp;&#xf86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN YANG RTAGS|&nbsp;&#xf87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN LCE TSA CAN|&#xf88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN MCHU CAN|&#xf89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN GRU CAN RGYINGS|&#xf8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN GRU MED RGYINGS|&#xf8b;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN INVERTED MCHU CAN|&#xf8c;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN LCE TSA CAN|&nbsp;&#xf8d;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN MCHU CAN|&nbsp;&#xf8e;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED SIGN INVERTED MCHU CAN|&nbsp;&#xf8f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0F9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KA|&nbsp;&#xf90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KHA|&nbsp;&#xf91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER GA|&nbsp;&#xf92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER GHA|&nbsp;&#xf93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NGA|&nbsp;&#xf94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER CA|&nbsp;&#xf95;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER CHA|&nbsp;&#xf96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER JA|&nbsp;&#xf97;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NYA|&nbsp;&#xf99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TTA|&nbsp;&#xf9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TTHA|&nbsp;&#xf9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DDA|&nbsp;&#xf9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DDHA|&nbsp;&#xf9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NNA|&nbsp;&#xf9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TA|&nbsp;&#xf9f;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0FAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER THA|&nbsp;&#xfa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DA|&nbsp;&#xfa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DHA|&nbsp;&#xfa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NA|&nbsp;&#xfa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER PA|&nbsp;&#xfa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER PHA|&nbsp;&#xfa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER BA|&nbsp;&#xfa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER BHA|&nbsp;&#xfa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER MA|&nbsp;&#xfa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TSA|&nbsp;&#xfa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TSHA|&nbsp;&#xfaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DZA|&nbsp;&#xfab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DZHA|&nbsp;&#xfac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER WA|&nbsp;&#xfad;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER ZHA|&nbsp;&#xfae;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER ZA|&nbsp;&#xfaf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{2.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0FBx |style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER -A|&nbsp;&#xfb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER YA|&nbsp;&#xfb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER RA|&nbsp;&#xfb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER LA|&nbsp;&#xfb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SHA|&nbsp;&#xfb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SSA|&nbsp;&#xfb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SA|&nbsp;&#xfb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER HA|&nbsp;&#xfb7;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER A|&nbsp;&#xfb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KSSA|&nbsp;&#xfb9;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM WA|&nbsp;&#xfba;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM YA|&nbsp;&#xfbb;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM RA|&nbsp;&#xfbc;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN KU RU KHA|&#xfbe;}}||style="{{3.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN KU RU KHA BZHI MIG CAN|&#xfbf;}} |----- align="center" style="{{3.0}}" !style="background:#ffffff"|0FCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN HEAVY BEAT|&#xfc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN LIGHT BEAT|&#xfc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN CANG TE-U|&#xfc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN SBUB -CHAL|&#xfc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL DRIL BU|&#xfc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL RDO RJE|&#xfc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL PADMA GDAN|&nbsp;&#xfc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL RDO RJE RGYA GRAM|&#xfc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL PHUR PA|&#xfc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU|&#xfc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU NYIS -KHYIL|&#xfca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU GSUM -KHYIL|&#xfcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU BZHI -KHYIL|&#xfcc;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG RDEL DKAR|&#xfce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GSUM|&#xfcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0FDx |style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK BKA- SHOG GI MGO RGYAN|&#xfd0;}}||style="{{4.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK MNYAM YIG GI MGO RGYAN|&#xfd1;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK NYIS TSHEG|&#xfd2;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK INITIAL BRDA RNYING YIG MGO MDUN MA|&#xfd3;}}||style="{{5.1}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK CLOSING BRDA RNYING YIG MGO SGAB MA|&#xfd4;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING SVASTI SIGN|&#xfd5;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING SVASTI SIGN|&#xfd6;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-FACING SVASTI SIGN WITH DOTS|&#xfd7;}}||style="{{5.2}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-FACING SVASTI SIGN WITH DOTS|&#xfd8;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK LEADING MCHAN RTAGS|&#xfd9;}}||style="{{6.0}}"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIBETAN MARK TRAILING MCHAN RTAGS|&#xfda;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0FEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|0FFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Myanmar''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|100x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KA|&#x1000;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER KHA|&#x1001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER GA|&#x1002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER GHA|&#x1003;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER NGA|&#x1004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER CA|&#x1005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER CHA|&#x1006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER JA|&#x1007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER JHA|&#x1008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER NYA|&#x1009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER NNYA|&#x100a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TTA|&#x100b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TTHA|&#x100c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER DDA|&#x100d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER DDHA|&#x100e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER NNA|&#x100f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|101x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER TA|&#x1010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER THA|&#x1011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER DA|&#x1012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER DHA|&#x1013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER NA|&#x1014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER PA|&#x1015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER PHA|&#x1016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER BA|&#x1017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER BHA|&#x1018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER MA|&#x1019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER YA|&#x101a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER RA|&#x101b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER LA|&#x101c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER WA|&#x101d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SA|&#x101e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER HA|&#x101f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|102x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER LLA|&#x1020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER A|&#x1021;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN A|&#x1022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER I|&#x1023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER II|&#x1024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER U|&#x1025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER UU|&#x1026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER E|&#x1027;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER MON E|&#x1028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER O|&#x1029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER AU|&#x102a;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN TALL AA|&#x102b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x102c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I|&#x102d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN II|&#x102e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U|&#x102f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|103x |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x1030;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1031;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN MON II|&#x1033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN MON O|&#x1034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E ABOVE|&#x1035;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN ANUSVARA|&#x1036;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN DOT BELOW|&#x1037;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN VISARGA|&#x1038;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN VIRAMA|&#x1039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN ASAT|&#x103a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL YA|&#x103b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&#x103c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL WA|&#x103d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL HA|&#x103e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER GREAT SA|&#x103f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|104x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR DIGIT ZERO|&#x1040;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR DIGIT ONE|&#x1041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR DIGIT TWO|&#x1042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR DIGIT THREE|&#x1043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR DIGIT FOUR|&#x1044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR DIGIT FIVE|&#x1045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR DIGIT SIX|&#x1046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR DIGIT NINE|&#x1049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN LITTLE SECTION|&#x104a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN SECTION|&#x104b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL LOCATIVE|&#x104c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL COMPLETED|&#x104d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL AFOREMENTIONED|&#x104e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL GENITIVE|&#x104f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|105x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHA|&#x1050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SSA|&#x1051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC R|&#x1052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC RR|&#x1053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC L|&#x1054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC LL|&#x1055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R|&#x1056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR|&#x1057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L|&#x1058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL|&#x1059;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER MON NGA|&#x105a;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER MON JHA|&#x105b;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER MON BBA|&#x105c;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER MON BBE|&#x105d;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MON MEDIAL NA|&#x105e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MON MEDIAL MA|&#x105f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|106x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN MON MEDIAL LA|&#x1060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SGAW KAREN SHA|&#x1061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SGAW KAREN EU|&#x1062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TONE MARK SGAW KAREN HATHI|&#x1063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR TONE MARK SGAW KAREN KE PHO|&#x1064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER WESTERN PWO KAREN THA|&#x1065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER WESTERN PWO KAREN PWA|&#x1066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN EU|&#x1067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN UE|&#x1068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN TONE-1|&#x1069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN TONE-2|&#x106a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN TONE-3|&#x106b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN TONE-4|&#x106c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN WESTERN PWO KAREN TONE-5|&#x106d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER EASTERN PWO KAREN NNA|&#x106e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER EASTERN PWO KAREN YWA|&#x106f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|107x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER EASTERN PWO KAREN GHWA|&#x1070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN GEBA KAREN I|&#x1071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN KAYAH OE|&#x1072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN KAYAH U|&#x1073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN KAYAH EE|&#x1074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN KA|&#x1075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN KHA|&#x1076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN GA|&#x1077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN CA|&#x1078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN ZA|&#x1079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NYA|&#x107a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN DA|&#x107b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN NA|&#x107c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN PHA|&#x107d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN FA|&#x107e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN BA|&#x107f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|108x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN THA|&#x1080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER SHAN HA|&#x1081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR CONSONANT SIGN SHAN MEDIAL WA|&#x1082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN AA|&#x1083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN E|&#x1084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN E ABOVE|&#x1085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN SHAN FINAL Y|&#x1086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN SHAN TONE-2|&#x1087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN SHAN TONE-3|&#x1088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN SHAN TONE-5|&#x1089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN SHAN TONE-6|&#x108a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN SHAN COUNCIL TONE-2|&#x108b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN SHAN COUNCIL TONE-3|&#x108c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN SHAN COUNCIL EMPHATIC TONE|&#x108d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR LETTER RUMAI PALAUNG FA|&#x108e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN RUMAI PALAUNG TONE-5|&#x108f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|109x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT ZERO|&#x1090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT ONE|&#x1091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT TWO|&#x1092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT THREE|&#x1093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT FOUR|&#x1094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT FIVE|&#x1095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT SIX|&#x1096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SHAN DIGIT NINE|&#x1099;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN KHAMTI TONE-1|&#x109a;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SIGN KHAMTI TONE-3|&#x109b;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AITON A|&#x109c;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AITON AI|&#x109d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL SHAN ONE|&#x109e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MYANMAR SYMBOL SHAN EXCLAMATION|&#x109f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Georgian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|10Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER AN|&#x10a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER BAN|&#x10a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER GAN|&#x10a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER DON|&#x10a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER EN|&#x10a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER VIN|&#x10a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZEN|&#x10a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER TAN|&#x10a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER IN|&#x10a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER KAN|&#x10a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER LAS|&#x10aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER MAN|&#x10ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER NAR|&#x10ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER ON|&#x10ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER PAR|&#x10ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZHAR|&#x10af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|10Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER RAE|&#x10b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER SAN|&#x10b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER TAR|&#x10b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER UN|&#x10b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER PHAR|&#x10b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER KHAR|&#x10b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAN|&#x10b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER QAR|&#x10b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER SHIN|&#x10b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHIN|&#x10b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER CAN|&#x10ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER JIL|&#x10bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER CIL|&#x10bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHAR|&#x10bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER XAN|&#x10be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER JHAN|&#x10bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|10Cx |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER HAE|&#x10c0;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER HE|&#x10c1;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER HIE|&#x10c2;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER WE|&#x10c3;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER HAR|&#x10c4;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER HOE|&#x10c5;}}||&nbsp;||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER YN|&#x10c7;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER AEN|&#x10cd;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|10Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER AN|&#x10d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER BAN|&#x10d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER GAN|&#x10d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER DON|&#x10d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER EN|&#x10d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER VIN|&#x10d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER ZEN|&#x10d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER TAN|&#x10d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER IN|&#x10d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER KAN|&#x10d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER LAS|&#x10da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER MAN|&#x10db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER NAR|&#x10dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER ON|&#x10dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER PAR|&#x10de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER ZHAR|&#x10df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|10Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER RAE|&#x10e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER SAN|&#x10e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER TAR|&#x10e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER UN|&#x10e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER PHAR|&#x10e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER KHAR|&#x10e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER GHAN|&#x10e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER QAR|&#x10e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER SHIN|&#x10e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER CHIN|&#x10e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER CAN|&#x10ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER JIL|&#x10eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER CIL|&#x10ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER CHAR|&#x10ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER XAN|&#x10ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER JHAN|&#x10ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|10Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER HAE|&#x10f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER HE|&#x10f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER HIE|&#x10f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER WE|&#x10f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER HAR|&#x10f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER HOE|&#x10f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER FI|&#x10f6;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER YN|&#x10f7;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER ELIFI|&#x10f8;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER TURNED GAN|&#x10f9;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER AIN|&#x10fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR|&#x10fb;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER GEORGIAN NAR|&#x10fc;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER AEN|&#x10fd;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER HARD SIGN|&#x10fe;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN LETTER LABIAL SIGN|&#x10ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Hangul Jamo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|110x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG KIYEOK|&#x1100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGKIYEOK|&#x1101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN|&#x1102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT|&#x1103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGTIKEUT|&#x1104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL|&#x1105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM|&#x1106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP|&#x1107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGPIEUP|&#x1108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS|&#x1109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGSIOS|&#x110a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG|&#x110b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CIEUC|&#x110c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGCIEUC|&#x110d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CHIEUCH|&#x110e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG KHIEUKH|&#x110f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|111x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG THIEUTH|&#x1110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PHIEUPH|&#x1111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG HIEUH|&#x1112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-KIYEOK|&#x1113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGNIEUN|&#x1114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-TIKEUT|&#x1115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-PIEUP|&#x1116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-KIYEOK|&#x1117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-NIEUN|&#x1118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGRIEUL|&#x1119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-HIEUH|&#x111a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNRIEUL|&#x111b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-PIEUP|&#x111c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNMIEUM|&#x111d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-KIYEOK|&#x111e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-NIEUN|&#x111f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|112x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-TIKEUT|&#x1120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SIOS|&#x1121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-KIYEOK|&#x1122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-TIKEUT|&#x1123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-PIEUP|&#x1124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SSANGSIOS|&#x1125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-CIEUC|&#x1126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-CIEUC|&#x1127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-CHIEUCH|&#x1128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-THIEUTH|&#x1129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-PHIEUPH|&#x112a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNPIEUP|&#x112b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNSSANGPIEUP|&#x112c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-KIYEOK|&#x112d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-NIEUN|&#x112e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-TIKEUT|&#x112f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|113x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-RIEUL|&#x1130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-MIEUM|&#x1131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-PIEUP|&#x1132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-PIEUP-KIYEOK|&#x1133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-SSANGSIOS|&#x1134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-IEUNG|&#x1135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-CIEUC|&#x1136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-CHIEUCH|&#x1137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-KHIEUKH|&#x1138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-THIEUTH|&#x1139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-PHIEUPH|&#x113a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-HIEUH|&#x113b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CHITUEUMSIOS|&#x113c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CHITUEUMSSANGSIOS|&#x113d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CEONGCHIEUMSIOS|&#x113e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CEONGCHIEUMSSANGSIOS|&#x113f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|114x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PANSIOS|&#x1140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-KIYEOK|&#x1141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-TIKEUT|&#x1142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-MIEUM|&#x1143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-PIEUP|&#x1144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-SIOS|&#x1145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-PANSIOS|&#x1146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGIEUNG|&#x1147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-CIEUC|&#x1148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-CHIEUCH|&#x1149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-THIEUTH|&#x114a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-PHIEUPH|&#x114b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG YESIEUNG|&#x114c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CIEUC-IEUNG|&#x114d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CHITUEUMCIEUC|&#x114e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CHITUEUMSSANGCIEUC|&#x114f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|115x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CEONGCHIEUMCIEUC|&#x1150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CEONGCHIEUMSSANGCIEUC|&#x1151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CHIEUCH-KHIEUKH|&#x1152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CHIEUCH-HIEUH|&#x1153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CHITUEUMCHIEUCH|&#x1154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG CEONGCHIEUMCHIEUCH|&#x1155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG PHIEUPH-PIEUP|&#x1156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNPHIEUPH|&#x1157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGHIEUH|&#x1158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG YEORINHIEUH|&#x1159;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG KIYEOK-TIKEUT|&#x115a;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-SIOS|&#x115b;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-CIEUC|&#x115c;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-HIEUH|&#x115d;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-RIEUL|&#x115e;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL CHOSEONG FILLER|[HC F]}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|116x |style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG FILLER|[HJ F]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG A|&#x1161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG AE|&#x1162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YA|&#x1163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YAE|&#x1164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG EO|&#x1165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG E|&#x1166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YEO|&#x1167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YE|&#x1168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG O|&#x1169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG WA|&#x116a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG WAE|&#x116b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG OE|&#x116c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO|&#x116d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG U|&#x116e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG WEO|&#x116f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|117x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG WE|&#x1170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG WI|&#x1171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU|&#x1172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG EU|&#x1173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YI|&#x1174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG I|&#x1175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG A-O|&#x1176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG A-U|&#x1177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YA-O|&#x1178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YA-YO|&#x1179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG EO-O|&#x117a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG EO-U|&#x117b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG EO-EU|&#x117c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YEO-O|&#x117d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YEO-U|&#x117e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-EO|&#x117f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|118x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-E|&#x1180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-YE|&#x1181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-O|&#x1182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-U|&#x1183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-YA|&#x1184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-YAE|&#x1185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-YEO|&#x1186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-O|&#x1187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-I|&#x1188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG U-A|&#x1189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG U-AE|&#x118a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG U-EO-EU|&#x118b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG U-YE|&#x118c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG U-U|&#x118d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-A|&#x118e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-EO|&#x118f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|119x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-E|&#x1190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-YEO|&#x1191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-YE|&#x1192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-U|&#x1193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-I|&#x1194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG EU-U|&#x1195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG EU-EU|&#x1196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YI-U|&#x1197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-A|&#x1198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-YA|&#x1199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-O|&#x119a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-U|&#x119b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-EU|&#x119c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-ARAEA|&#x119d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG ARAEA|&#x119e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG ARAEA-EO|&#x119f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|11Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG ARAEA-U|&#x11a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG ARAEA-I|&#x11a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG SSANGARAEA|&#x11a2;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG A-EU|&#x11a3;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YA-U|&#x11a4;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG YEO-YA|&#x11a5;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-YA|&#x11a6;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-YAE|&#x11a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK|&#x11a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGKIYEOK|&#x11a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-SIOS|&#x11aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN|&#x11ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-CIEUC|&#x11ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-HIEUH|&#x11ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG TIKEUT|&#x11ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL|&#x11af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|11Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-KIYEOK|&#x11b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-MIEUM|&#x11b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-PIEUP|&#x11b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-SIOS|&#x11b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-THIEUTH|&#x11b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-PHIEUPH|&#x11b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-HIEUH|&#x11b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM|&#x11b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP|&#x11b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-SIOS|&#x11b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG SIOS|&#x11ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGSIOS|&#x11bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG IEUNG|&#x11bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG CIEUC|&#x11bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG CHIEUCH|&#x11be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KHIEUKH|&#x11bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|11Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG THIEUTH|&#x11c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG PHIEUPH|&#x11c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG HIEUH|&#x11c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-RIEUL|&#x11c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-SIOS-KIYEOK|&#x11c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-KIYEOK|&#x11c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-TIKEUT|&#x11c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-SIOS|&#x11c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-PANSIOS|&#x11c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-THIEUTH|&#x11c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG TIKEUT-KIYEOK|&#x11ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG TIKEUT-RIEUL|&#x11cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-KIYEOK-SIOS|&#x11cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-NIEUN|&#x11cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-TIKEUT|&#x11ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-TIKEUT-HIEUH|&#x11cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|11Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGRIEUL|&#x11d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-MIEUM-KIYEOK|&#x11d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-MIEUM-SIOS|&#x11d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-PIEUP-SIOS|&#x11d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-PIEUP-HIEUH|&#x11d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-KAPYEOUNPIEUP|&#x11d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-SSANGSIOS|&#x11d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-PANSIOS|&#x11d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-KHIEUKH|&#x11d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-YEORINHIEUH|&#x11d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-KIYEOK|&#x11da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-RIEUL|&#x11db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-PIEUP|&#x11dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-SIOS|&#x11dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-SSANGSIOS|&#x11de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-PANSIOS|&#x11df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|11Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-CHIEUCH|&#x11e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-HIEUH|&#x11e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KAPYEOUNMIEUM|&#x11e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-RIEUL|&#x11e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-PHIEUPH|&#x11e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-HIEUH|&#x11e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KAPYEOUNPIEUP|&#x11e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG SIOS-KIYEOK|&#x11e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG SIOS-TIKEUT|&#x11e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG SIOS-RIEUL|&#x11e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG SIOS-PIEUP|&#x11ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG PANSIOS|&#x11eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG-KIYEOK|&#x11ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG-SSANGKIYEOK|&#x11ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGYESIEUNG|&#x11ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG-KHIEUKH|&#x11ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|11Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG|&#x11f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG-SIOS|&#x11f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG-PANSIOS|&#x11f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG PHIEUPH-PIEUP|&#x11f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KAPYEOUNPHIEUPH|&#x11f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG HIEUH-NIEUN|&#x11f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG HIEUH-RIEUL|&#x11f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG HIEUH-MIEUM|&#x11f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG HIEUH-PIEUP|&#x11f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG YEORINHIEUH|&#x11f9;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-NIEUN|&#x11fa;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-PIEUP|&#x11fb;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-CHIEUCH|&#x11fc;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-KHIEUKH|&#x11fd;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-HIEUH|&#x11fe;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGNIEUN|&#x11ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|120x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HA|&#x1200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HU|&#x1201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HI|&#x1202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HAA|&#x1203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HEE|&#x1204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HE|&#x1205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HO|&#x1206;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HOA|&#x1207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LA|&#x1208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LU|&#x1209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LI|&#x120a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LAA|&#x120b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LEE|&#x120c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LE|&#x120d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LO|&#x120e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LWA|&#x120f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|121x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHA|&#x1210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHU|&#x1211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHI|&#x1212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHAA|&#x1213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHEE|&#x1214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHE|&#x1215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHO|&#x1216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE HHWA|&#x1217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MA|&#x1218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MU|&#x1219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MI|&#x121a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MAA|&#x121b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MEE|&#x121c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ME|&#x121d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MO|&#x121e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MWA|&#x121f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|122x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZA|&#x1220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZU|&#x1221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZI|&#x1222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZAA|&#x1223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZEE|&#x1224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZE|&#x1225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZO|&#x1226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SZWA|&#x1227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RA|&#x1228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RU|&#x1229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RI|&#x122a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RAA|&#x122b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE REE|&#x122c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RE|&#x122d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RO|&#x122e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RWA|&#x122f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|123x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SA|&#x1230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SU|&#x1231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SI|&#x1232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SAA|&#x1233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SEE|&#x1234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SE|&#x1235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SO|&#x1236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SWA|&#x1237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHA|&#x1238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHU|&#x1239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHI|&#x123a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHAA|&#x123b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHEE|&#x123c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHE|&#x123d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHO|&#x123e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHWA|&#x123f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|124x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QA|&#x1240;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QU|&#x1241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QI|&#x1242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QAA|&#x1243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QEE|&#x1244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QE|&#x1245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QO|&#x1246;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QOA|&#x1247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QWA|&#x1248;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QWI|&#x124a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QWAA|&#x124b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QWEE|&#x124c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QWE|&#x124d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|125x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHA|&#x1250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHU|&#x1251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHI|&#x1252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHAA|&#x1253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHEE|&#x1254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHE|&#x1255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHO|&#x1256;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHWA|&#x1258;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHWI|&#x125a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHWAA|&#x125b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHWEE|&#x125c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QHWE|&#x125d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|126x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BA|&#x1260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BU|&#x1261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BI|&#x1262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BAA|&#x1263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BEE|&#x1264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BE|&#x1265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BO|&#x1266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BWA|&#x1267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VA|&#x1268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VU|&#x1269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VI|&#x126a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VAA|&#x126b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VEE|&#x126c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VE|&#x126d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VO|&#x126e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE VWA|&#x126f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|127x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TA|&#x1270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TU|&#x1271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TI|&#x1272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TAA|&#x1273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TEE|&#x1274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TE|&#x1275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TO|&#x1276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TWA|&#x1277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CA|&#x1278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CU|&#x1279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CI|&#x127a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CAA|&#x127b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CEE|&#x127c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CE|&#x127d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CO|&#x127e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CWA|&#x127f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|128x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XA|&#x1280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XU|&#x1281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XI|&#x1282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XAA|&#x1283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XEE|&#x1284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XE|&#x1285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XO|&#x1286;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XOA|&#x1287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XWA|&#x1288;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XWI|&#x128a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XWAA|&#x128b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XWEE|&#x128c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XWE|&#x128d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|129x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NA|&#x1290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NU|&#x1291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NI|&#x1292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NAA|&#x1293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NEE|&#x1294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NE|&#x1295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NO|&#x1296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NWA|&#x1297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYA|&#x1298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYU|&#x1299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYI|&#x129a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYAA|&#x129b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYEE|&#x129c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYE|&#x129d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYO|&#x129e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYWA|&#x129f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|12Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL A|&#x12a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL U|&#x12a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL I|&#x12a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL AA|&#x12a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL EE|&#x12a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL E|&#x12a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL O|&#x12a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL WA|&#x12a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KA|&#x12a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KU|&#x12a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KI|&#x12aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KAA|&#x12ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KEE|&#x12ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KE|&#x12ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KO|&#x12ae;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KOA|&#x12af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|12Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KWA|&#x12b0;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KWI|&#x12b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KWAA|&#x12b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KWEE|&#x12b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KWE|&#x12b5;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXA|&#x12b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXU|&#x12b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXI|&#x12ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXAA|&#x12bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXEE|&#x12bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXE|&#x12bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXO|&#x12be;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|12Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXWA|&#x12c0;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXWI|&#x12c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXWAA|&#x12c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXWEE|&#x12c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KXWE|&#x12c5;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WA|&#x12c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WU|&#x12c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WI|&#x12ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WAA|&#x12cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WEE|&#x12cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WE|&#x12cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WO|&#x12ce;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE WOA|&#x12cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|12Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL A|&#x12d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL U|&#x12d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL I|&#x12d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL AA|&#x12d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL EE|&#x12d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL E|&#x12d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHARYNGEAL O|&#x12d6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZA|&#x12d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZU|&#x12d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZI|&#x12da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZAA|&#x12db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZEE|&#x12dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZE|&#x12dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZO|&#x12de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZWA|&#x12df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|12Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHA|&#x12e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHU|&#x12e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHI|&#x12e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHAA|&#x12e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHEE|&#x12e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHE|&#x12e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHO|&#x12e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZHWA|&#x12e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE YA|&#x12e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE YU|&#x12e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE YI|&#x12ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE YAA|&#x12eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE YEE|&#x12ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE YE|&#x12ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE YO|&#x12ee;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE YOA|&#x12ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|12Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DA|&#x12f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DU|&#x12f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DI|&#x12f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DAA|&#x12f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DEE|&#x12f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DE|&#x12f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DO|&#x12f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DWA|&#x12f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDA|&#x12f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDU|&#x12f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDI|&#x12fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDAA|&#x12fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDEE|&#x12fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDE|&#x12fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDO|&#x12fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDWA|&#x12ff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|130x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JA|&#x1300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JU|&#x1301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JI|&#x1302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JAA|&#x1303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JEE|&#x1304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JE|&#x1305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JO|&#x1306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JWA|&#x1307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GA|&#x1308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GU|&#x1309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GI|&#x130a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GAA|&#x130b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GEE|&#x130c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GE|&#x130d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GO|&#x130e;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GOA|&#x130f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|131x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GWA|&#x1310;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GWI|&#x1312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GWAA|&#x1313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GWEE|&#x1314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GWE|&#x1315;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGA|&#x1318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGU|&#x1319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGI|&#x131a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGAA|&#x131b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGEE|&#x131c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGE|&#x131d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGO|&#x131e;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWAA|&#x131f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|132x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THA|&#x1320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THU|&#x1321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THI|&#x1322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THAA|&#x1323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THEE|&#x1324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THE|&#x1325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THO|&#x1326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THWA|&#x1327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHA|&#x1328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHU|&#x1329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHI|&#x132a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHAA|&#x132b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHEE|&#x132c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHE|&#x132d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHO|&#x132e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHWA|&#x132f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|133x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHA|&#x1330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHU|&#x1331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHI|&#x1332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHAA|&#x1333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHEE|&#x1334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHE|&#x1335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHO|&#x1336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHWA|&#x1337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSA|&#x1338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSU|&#x1339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSI|&#x133a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSAA|&#x133b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSEE|&#x133c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSE|&#x133d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSO|&#x133e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TSWA|&#x133f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|134x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZA|&#x1340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZU|&#x1341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZI|&#x1342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZAA|&#x1343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZEE|&#x1344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZE|&#x1345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZO|&#x1346;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TZOA|&#x1347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FA|&#x1348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FU|&#x1349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FI|&#x134a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FAA|&#x134b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FEE|&#x134c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FE|&#x134d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FO|&#x134e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FWA|&#x134f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|135x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PA|&#x1350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PU|&#x1351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PI|&#x1352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PAA|&#x1353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PEE|&#x1354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PE|&#x1355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PO|&#x1356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PWA|&#x1357;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE RYA|&#x1358;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MYA|&#x1359;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FYA|&#x135a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC COMBINING GEMINATION AND VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&nbsp;&#x135d;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC COMBINING VOWEL LENGTH MARK|&nbsp;&#x135e;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC COMBINING GEMINATION MARK|&nbsp;&#x135f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|136x |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SECTION MARK|&#x1360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC WORDSPACE|&#x1361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC FULL STOP|&#x1362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC COMMA|&#x1363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SEMICOLON|&#x1364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC COLON|&#x1365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC PREFACE COLON|&#x1366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC QUESTION MARK|&#x1367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR|&#x1368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC DIGIT ONE|&#x1369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC DIGIT TWO|&#x136a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC DIGIT THREE|&#x136b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC DIGIT FOUR|&#x136c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC DIGIT FIVE|&#x136d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC DIGIT SIX|&#x136e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC DIGIT SEVEN|&#x136f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|137x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC DIGIT NINE|&#x1371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER TEN|&#x1372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER TWENTY|&#x1373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER THIRTY|&#x1374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER FORTY|&#x1375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER FIFTY|&#x1376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER SIXTY|&#x1377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x1378;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x1379;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER NINETY|&#x137a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER HUNDRED|&#x137b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC NUMBER TEN THOUSAND|&#x137c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|138x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SEBATBEIT MWA|&#x1380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MWI|&#x1381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MWEE|&#x1382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MWE|&#x1383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SEBATBEIT BWA|&#x1384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BWI|&#x1385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BWEE|&#x1386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BWE|&#x1387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SEBATBEIT FWA|&#x1388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FWI|&#x1389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FWEE|&#x138a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE FWE|&#x138b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SEBATBEIT PWA|&#x138c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PWI|&#x138d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PWEE|&#x138e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PWE|&#x138f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|139x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC TONAL MARK YIZET|&#x1390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC TONAL MARK DERET|&#x1391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC TONAL MARK RIKRIK|&#x1392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC TONAL MARK SHORT RIKRIK|&#x1393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC TONAL MARK DIFAT|&#x1394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC TONAL MARK KENAT|&#x1395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC TONAL MARK CHIRET|&#x1396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC TONAL MARK HIDET|&#x1397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC TONAL MARK DERET-HIDET|&#x1398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC TONAL MARK KURT|&#x1399;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cherokee''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|13Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER A|&#x13a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER E|&#x13a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER I|&#x13a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER O|&#x13a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER U|&#x13a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER V|&#x13a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER GA|&#x13a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER KA|&#x13a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER GE|&#x13a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER GI|&#x13a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER GO|&#x13aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER GU|&#x13ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER GV|&#x13ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER HA|&#x13ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER HE|&#x13ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER HI|&#x13af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|13Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER HO|&#x13b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER HU|&#x13b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER HV|&#x13b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER LA|&#x13b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER LE|&#x13b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER LI|&#x13b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER LO|&#x13b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER LU|&#x13b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER LV|&#x13b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER MA|&#x13b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER ME|&#x13ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER MI|&#x13bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER MO|&#x13bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER MU|&#x13bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER NA|&#x13be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER HNA|&#x13bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|13Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER NAH|&#x13c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER NE|&#x13c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER NI|&#x13c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER NO|&#x13c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER NU|&#x13c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER NV|&#x13c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER QUA|&#x13c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER QUE|&#x13c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER QUI|&#x13c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER QUO|&#x13c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER QUU|&#x13ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER QUV|&#x13cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER SA|&#x13cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER S|&#x13cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER SE|&#x13ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER SI|&#x13cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|13Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER SO|&#x13d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER SU|&#x13d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER SV|&#x13d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER DA|&#x13d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TA|&#x13d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER DE|&#x13d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TE|&#x13d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER DI|&#x13d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TI|&#x13d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER DO|&#x13d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER DU|&#x13da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER DV|&#x13db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER DLA|&#x13dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TLA|&#x13dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TLE|&#x13de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TLI|&#x13df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|13Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TLO|&#x13e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TLU|&#x13e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TLV|&#x13e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TSA|&#x13e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TSE|&#x13e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TSI|&#x13e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TSO|&#x13e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TSU|&#x13e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER TSV|&#x13e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER WA|&#x13e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER WE|&#x13ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER WI|&#x13eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER WO|&#x13ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER WU|&#x13ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER WV|&#x13ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER YA|&#x13ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#8a94ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|13Fx |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER YE|&#x13f0;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER YI|&#x13f1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER YO|&#x13f2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER YU|&#x13f3;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER YV|&#x13f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE LETTER MV|&#x13f5;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER YE|&#x13f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER YI|&#x13f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER YO|&#x13fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER YU|&#x13fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER YV|&#x13fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHEROKEE SMALL LETTER MV|&#x13fd;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|140x |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS HYPHEN|&#x1400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS E|&#x1401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS AAI|&#x1402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS I|&#x1403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS II|&#x1404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS O|&#x1405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OO|&#x1406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE OO|&#x1407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER EE|&#x1408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER I|&#x1409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS A|&#x140a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS AA|&#x140b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WE|&#x140c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WE|&#x140d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WI|&#x140e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WI|&#x140f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|141x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WII|&#x1410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WII|&#x1411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WO|&#x1412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WO|&#x1413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOO|&#x1414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WOO|&#x1415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI WOO|&#x1416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WA|&#x1417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WA|&#x1418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WAA|&#x1419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE WAA|&#x141a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI WAA|&#x141b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS AI|&#x141c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE W|&#x141d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS GLOTTAL STOP|&#x141e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL ACUTE|&#x141f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|142x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL GRAVE|&#x1420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL BOTTOM HALF RING|&#x1421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL TOP HALF RING|&#x1422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL RIGHT HALF RING|&#x1423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL RING|&#x1424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL DOUBLE ACUTE|&#x1425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL DOUBLE SHORT VERTICAL STROKES|&#x1426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL MIDDLE DOT|&#x1427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL SHORT HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x1428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL PLUS|&#x1429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL DOWN TACK|&#x142a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS EN|&#x142b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS IN|&#x142c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS ON|&#x142d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS AN|&#x142e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PE|&#x142f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|143x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PAAI|&#x1430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PI|&#x1431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PII|&#x1432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PO|&#x1433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS POO|&#x1434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE POO|&#x1435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER HEE|&#x1436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER HI|&#x1437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PA|&#x1438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PAA|&#x1439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWE|&#x143a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWE|&#x143b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWI|&#x143c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWI|&#x143d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWII|&#x143e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWII|&#x143f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|144x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWO|&#x1440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWO|&#x1441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWOO|&#x1442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWOO|&#x1443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWA|&#x1444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWA|&#x1445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWAA|&#x1446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE PWAA|&#x1447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE PWAA|&#x1448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS P|&#x1449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE P|&#x144a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER H|&#x144b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TE|&#x144c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TAAI|&#x144d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TI|&#x144e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TII|&#x144f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|145x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TO|&#x1450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TOO|&#x1451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE TOO|&#x1452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DEE|&#x1453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DI|&#x1454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TA|&#x1455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TAA|&#x1456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWE|&#x1457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWE|&#x1458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWI|&#x1459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWI|&#x145a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWII|&#x145b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWII|&#x145c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWO|&#x145d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWO|&#x145e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWOO|&#x145f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|146x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWOO|&#x1460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWA|&#x1461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWA|&#x1462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TWAA|&#x1463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE TWAA|&#x1464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI TWAA|&#x1465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS T|&#x1466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTE|&#x1467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTI|&#x1468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTO|&#x1469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTA|&#x146a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KE|&#x146b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KAAI|&#x146c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KI|&#x146d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KII|&#x146e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KO|&#x146f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|147x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KOO|&#x1470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE KOO|&#x1471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KA|&#x1472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KAA|&#x1473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWE|&#x1474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWE|&#x1475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWI|&#x1476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWI|&#x1477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWII|&#x1478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWII|&#x1479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWO|&#x147a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWO|&#x147b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWOO|&#x147c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWOO|&#x147d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWA|&#x147e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWA|&#x147f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|148x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWAA|&#x1480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE KWAA|&#x1481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NASKAPI KWAA|&#x1482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS K|&#x1483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KW|&#x1484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOUTH-SLAVEY KEH|&#x1485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOUTH-SLAVEY KIH|&#x1486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOUTH-SLAVEY KOH|&#x1487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOUTH-SLAVEY KAH|&#x1488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CE|&#x1489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CAAI|&#x148a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CI|&#x148b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CII|&#x148c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CO|&#x148d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS COO|&#x148e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS Y-CREE COO|&#x148f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|149x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CA|&#x1490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CAA|&#x1491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWE|&#x1492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWE|&#x1493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWI|&#x1494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWI|&#x1495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWII|&#x1496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWII|&#x1497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWO|&#x1498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE CWO|&#x1499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CWOO|&#x149a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE 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ZO|&#x1641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ZE|&#x1642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ZEE|&#x1643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ZI|&#x1644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER ZA|&#x1645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER Z|&#x1646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER INITIAL Z|&#x1647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZU|&#x1648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZO|&#x1649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZE|&#x164a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZEE|&#x164b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZI|&#x164c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DZA|&#x164d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SU|&#x164e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SO|&#x164f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|165x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SE|&#x1650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SEE|&#x1651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SI|&#x1652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SA|&#x1653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHU|&#x1654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHO|&#x1655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHE|&#x1656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHEE|&#x1657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHI|&#x1658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SHA|&#x1659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SH|&#x165a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSU|&#x165b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSO|&#x165c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSE|&#x165d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSEE|&#x165e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSI|&#x165f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|166x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TSA|&#x1660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHU|&#x1661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHO|&#x1662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHE|&#x1663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHEE|&#x1664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHI|&#x1665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER CHA|&#x1666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSU|&#x1667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSO|&#x1668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSE|&#x1669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSEE|&#x166a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSI|&#x166b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER TTSA|&#x166c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CHI SIGN|&#x166d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FULL STOP|&#x166e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS QAI|&#x166f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|167x |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NGAI|&#x1670;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGI|&#x1671;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGII|&#x1672;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGO|&#x1673;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGOO|&#x1674;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGA|&#x1675;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NNGAA|&#x1676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWEE|&#x1677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWI|&#x1678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWII|&#x1679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWO|&#x167a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWOO|&#x167b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWA|&#x167c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE THWAA|&#x167d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WOODS-CREE FINAL TH|&#x167e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS BLACKFOOT W|&#x167f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ogham''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|168x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM SPACE MARK|&#x1680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER BEITH|&#x1681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER LUIS|&#x1682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER FEARN|&#x1683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER SAIL|&#x1684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER NION|&#x1685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER UATH|&#x1686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER DAIR|&#x1687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER TINNE|&#x1688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER COLL|&#x1689;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER CEIRT|&#x168a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER MUIN|&#x168b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER GORT|&#x168c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER NGEADAL|&#x168d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER STRAIF|&#x168e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER RUIS|&#x168f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|169x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER AILM|&#x1690;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER ONN|&#x1691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER UR|&#x1692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER EADHADH|&#x1693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER IODHADH|&#x1694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER EABHADH|&#x1695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER OR|&#x1696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER UILLEANN|&#x1697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER IFIN|&#x1698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER EAMHANCHOLL|&#x1699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM LETTER PEITH|&#x169a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM FEATHER MARK|&#x169b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OGHAM REVERSED FEATHER MARK|&#x169c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Runic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|16Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER FEHU FEOH FE F|&#x16a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER V|&#x16a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER URUZ UR U|&#x16a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER YR|&#x16a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER Y|&#x16a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER W|&#x16a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER THURISAZ THURS THORN|&#x16a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER ETH|&#x16a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER ANSUZ A|&#x16a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER OS O|&#x16a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER AC A|&#x16aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER AESC|&#x16ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER LONG-BRANCH-OSS O|&#x16ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-OSS O|&#x16ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER O|&#x16ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER OE|&#x16af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|16Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER ON|&#x16b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER RAIDO RAD REID R|&#x16b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER KAUNA|&#x16b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER CEN|&#x16b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER KAUN K|&#x16b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER G|&#x16b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER ENG|&#x16b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER GEBO GYFU G|&#x16b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER GAR|&#x16b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER WUNJO WYNN W|&#x16b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER HAGLAZ H|&#x16ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER HAEGL H|&#x16bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER LONG-BRANCH-HAGALL H|&#x16bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-HAGALL H|&#x16bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER NAUDIZ NYD NAUD N|&#x16be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-NAUD N|&#x16bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|16Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER DOTTED-N|&#x16c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER ISAZ IS ISS I|&#x16c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER E|&#x16c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER JERAN J|&#x16c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER GER|&#x16c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER LONG-BRANCH-AR AE|&#x16c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-AR A|&#x16c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER IWAZ EOH|&#x16c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER PERTHO PEORTH P|&#x16c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER ALGIZ EOLHX|&#x16c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SOWILO S|&#x16ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SIGEL LONG-BRANCH-SOL S|&#x16cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-SOL S|&#x16cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER C|&#x16cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER Z|&#x16ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER TIWAZ TIR TYR T|&#x16cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|16Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-TYR T|&#x16d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER D|&#x16d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER BERKANAN BEORC BJARKAN B|&#x16d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-BJARKAN B|&#x16d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER DOTTED-P|&#x16d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER OPEN-P|&#x16d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER EHWAZ EH E|&#x16d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER MANNAZ MAN M|&#x16d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER LONG-BRANCH-MADR M|&#x16d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-MADR M|&#x16d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER LAUKAZ LAGU LOGR L|&#x16da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER DOTTED-L|&#x16db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER INGWAZ|&#x16dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER ING|&#x16dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER DAGAZ DAEG D|&#x16de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER OTHALAN ETHEL O|&#x16df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|16Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER EAR|&#x16e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER IOR|&#x16e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER CWEORTH|&#x16e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER CALC|&#x16e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER CEALC|&#x16e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER STAN|&#x16e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER LONG-BRANCH-YR|&#x16e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-YR|&#x16e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER ICELANDIC-YR|&#x16e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER Q|&#x16e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER X|&#x16ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC SINGLE PUNCTUATION|&#x16eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC MULTIPLE PUNCTUATION|&#x16ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC CROSS PUNCTUATION|&#x16ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC ARLAUG SYMBOL|&#x16ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC TVIMADUR SYMBOL|&#x16ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|16Fx |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC BELGTHOR SYMBOL|&#x16f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER K|&#x16f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER SH|&#x16f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER OO|&#x16f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER FRANKS CASKET OS|&#x16f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER FRANKS CASKET IS|&#x16f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER FRANKS CASKET EH|&#x16f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER FRANKS CASKET AC|&#x16f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUNIC LETTER FRANKS CASKET AESC|&#x16f8;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tagalog''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|170x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER A|&#x1700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER I|&#x1701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER U|&#x1702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER KA|&#x1703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER GA|&#x1704;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER NGA|&#x1705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER TA|&#x1706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER DA|&#x1707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER NA|&#x1708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER PA|&#x1709;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER BA|&#x170a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER MA|&#x170b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER YA|&#x170c;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER RA|&#x170d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER LA|&#x170e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER WA|&#x170f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|171x |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER SA|&#x1710;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER HA|&#x1711;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1712;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1713;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG SIGN VIRAMA|&#x1714;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG SIGN PAMUDPOD|&#x1715;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGALOG LETTER ARCHAIC RA|&#x171f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Hanunoo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|172x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER A|&#x1720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER I|&#x1721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER U|&#x1722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER KA|&#x1723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER GA|&#x1724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER NGA|&#x1725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER TA|&#x1726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER DA|&#x1727;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER NA|&#x1728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER PA|&#x1729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER BA|&#x172a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER MA|&#x172b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER YA|&#x172c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER RA|&#x172d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER LA|&#x172e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER WA|&#x172f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|173x |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER SA|&#x1730;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO LETTER HA|&#x1731;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1732;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1733;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANUNOO SIGN PAMUDPOD|&#x1734;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHILIPPINE SINGLE PUNCTUATION|&#x1735;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PHILIPPINE DOUBLE PUNCTUATION|&#x1736;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Buhid''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|174x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER A|&#x1740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER I|&#x1741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER U|&#x1742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER KA|&#x1743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER GA|&#x1744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER NGA|&#x1745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER TA|&#x1746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER DA|&#x1747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER NA|&#x1748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER PA|&#x1749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER BA|&#x174a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER MA|&#x174b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER YA|&#x174c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER RA|&#x174d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER LA|&#x174e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER WA|&#x174f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|175x |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER SA|&#x1750;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID LETTER HA|&#x1751;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1752;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BUHID VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1753;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tagbanwa''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|176x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER A|&#x1760;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER I|&#x1761;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER U|&#x1762;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER KA|&#x1763;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER GA|&#x1764;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER NGA|&#x1765;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER TA|&#x1766;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER DA|&#x1767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER NA|&#x1768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER PA|&#x1769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER BA|&#x176a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER MA|&#x176b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER YA|&#x176c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER LA|&#x176e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER WA|&#x176f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|177x |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA LETTER SA|&#x1770;}}||&nbsp;||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1772;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAGBANWA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1773;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Khmer''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|178x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER KA|&#x1780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER KHA|&#x1781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER KO|&#x1782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER KHO|&#x1783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER NGO|&#x1784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER CA|&#x1785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER CHA|&#x1786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER CO|&#x1787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER CHO|&#x1788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER NYO|&#x1789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER DA|&#x178a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER TTHA|&#x178b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER DO|&#x178c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER TTHO|&#x178d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER NNO|&#x178e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER TA|&#x178f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|179x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER THA|&#x1790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER TO|&#x1791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER THO|&#x1792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER NO|&#x1793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER BA|&#x1794;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER PHA|&#x1795;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER PO|&#x1796;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER PHO|&#x1797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER MO|&#x1798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER YO|&#x1799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER RO|&#x179a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER LO|&#x179b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER VO|&#x179c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER SHA|&#x179d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER SSO|&#x179e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER SA|&#x179f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|17Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER HA|&#x17a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER LA|&#x17a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER LETTER QA|&#x17a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAQ|&#x17a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAA|&#x17a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QI|&#x17a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QII|&#x17a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QU|&#x17a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QUK|&#x17a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QUU|&#x17a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QUUV|&#x17aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL RY|&#x17ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL RYY|&#x17ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL LY|&#x17ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL LYY|&#x17ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QE|&#x17af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|17Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAI|&#x17b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QOO TYPE ONE|&#x17b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QOO TYPE TWO|&#x17b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAU|&#x17b3;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL INHERENT AQ|[KIV AQ]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL INHERENT AA|[KIV AA]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x17b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN I|&#x17b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN II|&#x17b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN Y|&#x17b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN YY|&#x17ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN U|&#x17bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x17bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN UA|&#x17bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN OE|&#x17be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN YA|&#x17bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|17Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN IE|&#x17c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN E|&#x17c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN AE|&#x17c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x17c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x17c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x17c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT|&#x17c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN REAHMUK|&#x17c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN YUUKALEAPINTU|&#x17c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN|&#x17c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN TRIISAP|&#x17ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN BANTOC|&#x17cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN ROBAT|&#x17cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN TOANDAKHIAT|&#x17cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN KAKABAT|&#x17ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN AHSDA|&#x17cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|17Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN SAMYOK SANNYA|&#x17d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN VIRIAM|&#x17d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN COENG|&#x17d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN BATHAMASAT|&#x17d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN KHAN|&#x17d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN BARIYOOSAN|&#x17d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN CAMNUC PII KUUH|&#x17d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN LEK TOO|&#x17d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN BEYYAL|&#x17d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN PHNAEK MUAN|&#x17d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN KOOMUUT|&#x17da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER CURRENCY SYMBOL RIEL|&#x17db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN AVAKRAHASANYA|&#x17dc;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SIGN ATTHACAN|&#x17dd;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|17Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER DIGIT ZERO|&#x17e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER DIGIT ONE|&#x17e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER DIGIT TWO|&#x17e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER DIGIT THREE|&#x17e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER DIGIT FOUR|&#x17e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER DIGIT FIVE|&#x17e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER DIGIT SIX|&#x17e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER DIGIT SEVEN|&#x17e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER DIGIT EIGHT|&#x17e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER DIGIT NINE|&#x17e9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|17Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL LEK ATTAK SON|&#x17f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL LEK ATTAK MUOY|&#x17f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL LEK ATTAK PII|&#x17f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL LEK ATTAK BEI|&#x17f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL LEK ATTAK BUON|&#x17f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL LEK ATTAK PRAM|&#x17f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL LEK ATTAK PRAM-MUOY|&#x17f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL LEK ATTAK PRAM-PII|&#x17f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL LEK ATTAK PRAM-BEI|&#x17f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL LEK ATTAK PRAM-BUON|&#x17f9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Mongolian''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|180x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN BIRGA|&#x1800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN ELLIPSIS|&#x1801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN COMMA|&#x1802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN FULL STOP|&#x1803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN COLON|&#x1804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN FOUR DOTS|&#x1805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN TODO SOFT HYPHEN|&#x1806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN SIBE SYLLABLE BOUNDARY MARKER|&#x1807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN MANCHU COMMA|&#x1808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN MANCHU FULL STOP|&#x1809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN NIRUGU|&#x180a;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR ONE|[FV S1]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR TWO|[FV S2]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR THREE|[FV S3]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR|[MV S]}}||style="background:#ffc0e0;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR FOUR|[FV S4]}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|181x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DIGIT ZERO|&#x1810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DIGIT ONE|&#x1811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DIGIT TWO|&#x1812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DIGIT THREE|&#x1813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DIGIT FOUR|&#x1814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DIGIT FIVE|&#x1815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DIGIT SIX|&#x1816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN DIGIT NINE|&#x1819;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|182x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER A|&#x1820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER E|&#x1821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER I|&#x1822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER O|&#x1823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER U|&#x1824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER OE|&#x1825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER UE|&#x1826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER EE|&#x1827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER NA|&#x1828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ANG|&#x1829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER BA|&#x182a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER PA|&#x182b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER QA|&#x182c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER GA|&#x182d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MA|&#x182e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER LA|&#x182f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|183x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SA|&#x1830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SHA|&#x1831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TA|&#x1832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER DA|&#x1833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER CHA|&#x1834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER JA|&#x1835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER YA|&#x1836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER RA|&#x1837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER WA|&#x1838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER FA|&#x1839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER KA|&#x183a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER KHA|&#x183b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TSA|&#x183c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ZA|&#x183d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER HAA|&#x183e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ZRA|&#x183f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|184x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER LHA|&#x1840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ZHI|&#x1841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER CHI|&#x1842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO LONG VOWEL SIGN|&#x1843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO E|&#x1844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO I|&#x1845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO O|&#x1846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO U|&#x1847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO OE|&#x1848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO UE|&#x1849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO ANG|&#x184a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO BA|&#x184b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO PA|&#x184c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO QA|&#x184d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO GA|&#x184e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO MA|&#x184f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|185x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO TA|&#x1850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO DA|&#x1851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO CHA|&#x1852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO JA|&#x1853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO TSA|&#x1854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO YA|&#x1855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO WA|&#x1856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO KA|&#x1857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO GAA|&#x1858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO HAA|&#x1859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO JIA|&#x185a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO NIA|&#x185b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO DZA|&#x185c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE E|&#x185d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE I|&#x185e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE IY|&#x185f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|186x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE UE|&#x1860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE U|&#x1861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE ANG|&#x1862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE KA|&#x1863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE GA|&#x1864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE HA|&#x1865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE PA|&#x1866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE SHA|&#x1867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE TA|&#x1868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE DA|&#x1869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE JA|&#x186a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE FA|&#x186b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE GAA|&#x186c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE HAA|&#x186d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE TSA|&#x186e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE ZA|&#x186f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|187x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE RAA|&#x1870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE CHA|&#x1871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE ZHA|&#x1872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU I|&#x1873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU KA|&#x1874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU RA|&#x1875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU FA|&#x1876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ZHA|&#x1877;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER CHA WITH TWO DOTS|&#x1878;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|188x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI ANUSVARA ONE|&#x1880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI VISARGA ONE|&#x1881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DAMARU|&#x1882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI UBADAMA|&#x1883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI INVERTED UBADAMA|&#x1884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI BALUDA|&#x1885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI THREE BALUDA|&#x1886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI A|&#x1887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI I|&#x1888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI KA|&#x1889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI NGA|&#x188a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI CA|&#x188b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI TTA|&#x188c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI TTHA|&#x188d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DDA|&#x188e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI NNA|&#x188f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|189x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI TA|&#x1890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DA|&#x1891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI PA|&#x1892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI PHA|&#x1893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI SSA|&#x1894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI ZHA|&#x1895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI ZA|&#x1896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI AH|&#x1897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO ALI GALI TA|&#x1898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO ALI GALI ZHA|&#x1899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI GHA|&#x189a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI NGA|&#x189b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI CA|&#x189c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI JHA|&#x189d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI TTA|&#x189e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI DDHA|&#x189f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|18Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI TA|&#x18a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI DHA|&#x18a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI SSA|&#x18a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI CYA|&#x18a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI ZHA|&#x18a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI ZA|&#x18a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI HALF U|&#x18a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI HALF YA|&#x18a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI BHA|&#x18a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DAGALGA|&nbsp;&#x18a9;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI LHA|&#x18aa;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Extended''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|18Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OY|&#x18b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS AY|&#x18b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS AAY|&#x18b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WAY|&#x18b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS POY|&#x18b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PAY|&#x18b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWOY|&#x18b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TAY|&#x18b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KAY|&#x18b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS KWAY|&#x18b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS MAY|&#x18ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NOY|&#x18bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NAY|&#x18bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS LAY|&#x18bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SOY|&#x18be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAY|&#x18bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|18Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHOY|&#x18c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHAY|&#x18c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SHWOY|&#x18c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS YOY|&#x18c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS YAY|&#x18c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS RAY|&#x18c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWI|&#x18c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY NWI|&#x18c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWII|&#x18c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY NWII|&#x18c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWO|&#x18ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY NWO|&#x18cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS NWOO|&#x18cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY NWOO|&#x18cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWEE|&#x18ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWI|&#x18cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|18Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWII|&#x18d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWO|&#x18d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWOO|&#x18d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS RWA|&#x18d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY P|&#x18d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY T|&#x18d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY K|&#x18d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY C|&#x18d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY M|&#x18d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY N|&#x18d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY S|&#x18da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS OJIBWAY SH|&#x18db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS EASTERN W|&#x18dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WESTERN W|&#x18dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL SMALL RING|&#x18de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL RAISED DOT|&#x18df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|18Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS R-CREE RWE|&#x18e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LOO|&#x18e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS WEST-CREE LAA|&#x18e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS THWE|&#x18e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS THWA|&#x18e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTHWE|&#x18e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTHOO|&#x18e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TTHAA|&#x18e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TLHWE|&#x18e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS TLHOO|&#x18e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI SHWE|&#x18ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI SHOO|&#x18eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI HOO|&#x18ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GWU|&#x18ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DENE GEE|&#x18ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GAA|&#x18ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|18Fx |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER GWA|&#x18f0;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS SAYISI JUU|&#x18f1;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER JWA|&#x18f2;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS BEAVER DENE L|&#x18f3;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS BEAVER DENE R|&#x18f4;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER DENTAL S|&#x18f5;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Limbu''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|190x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU VOWEL-CARRIER LETTER|&#x1900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER KA|&#x1901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER KHA|&#x1902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER GA|&#x1903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER GHA|&#x1904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER NGA|&#x1905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER CA|&#x1906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER CHA|&#x1907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER JA|&#x1908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER JHA|&#x1909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER YAN|&#x190a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER TA|&#x190b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER THA|&#x190c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER DA|&#x190d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER DHA|&#x190e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER NA|&#x190f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|191x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER PA|&#x1910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER PHA|&#x1911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER BA|&#x1912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER BHA|&#x1913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER MA|&#x1914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER YA|&#x1915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER RA|&#x1916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER LA|&#x1917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER WA|&#x1918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER SHA|&#x1919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER SSA|&#x191a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER SA|&#x191b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER HA|&#x191c;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER GYAN|&#x191d;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU LETTER TRA|&#x191e;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|192x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU VOWEL SIGN A|&#x1920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU VOWEL SIGN EE|&#x1923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x1925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU VOWEL SIGN AU|&#x1926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SUBJOINED LETTER YA|&#x1929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SUBJOINED LETTER RA|&#x192a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SUBJOINED LETTER WA|&#x192b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|193x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SMALL LETTER KA|&#x1930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SMALL LETTER NGA|&#x1931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SMALL LETTER ANUSVARA|&#x1932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SMALL LETTER TA|&#x1933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SMALL LETTER NA|&#x1934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SMALL LETTER PA|&#x1935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SMALL LETTER MA|&#x1936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SMALL LETTER RA|&#x1937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SMALL LETTER LA|&#x1938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SIGN MUKPHRENG|&#x1939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SIGN KEMPHRENG|&#x193a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SIGN SA-I|&#x193b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|194x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU SIGN LOO|&#x1940;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x1944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU QUESTION MARK|&#x1945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU DIGIT ZERO|&#x1946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU DIGIT ONE|&#x1947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU DIGIT TWO|&#x1948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU DIGIT THREE|&#x1949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU DIGIT FOUR|&#x194a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU DIGIT FIVE|&#x194b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU DIGIT SIX|&#x194c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU DIGIT SEVEN|&#x194d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU DIGIT EIGHT|&#x194e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMBU DIGIT NINE|&#x194f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tai Le''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|195x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER KA|&#x1950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER XA|&#x1951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER NGA|&#x1952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER TSA|&#x1953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER SA|&#x1954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER YA|&#x1955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER TA|&#x1956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER THA|&#x1957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER LA|&#x1958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER PA|&#x1959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER PHA|&#x195a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER MA|&#x195b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER FA|&#x195c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER VA|&#x195d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER HA|&#x195e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER QA|&#x195f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|196x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER KHA|&#x1960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER TSHA|&#x1961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER NA|&#x1962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER A|&#x1963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER I|&#x1964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER EE|&#x1965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER EH|&#x1966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER U|&#x1967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER OO|&#x1968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER O|&#x1969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER UE|&#x196a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER E|&#x196b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER AUE|&#x196c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER AI|&#x196d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|197x |style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER TONE-2|&#x1970;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER TONE-3|&#x1971;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER TONE-4|&#x1972;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER TONE-5|&#x1973;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI LE LETTER TONE-6|&#x1974;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''New Tai Lue''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|198x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH QA|&#x1980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW QA|&#x1981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH KA|&#x1982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH XA|&#x1983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH NGA|&#x1984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW KA|&#x1985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW XA|&#x1986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW NGA|&#x1987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH TSA|&#x1988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH SA|&#x1989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH YA|&#x198a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW TSA|&#x198b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW SA|&#x198c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW YA|&#x198d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH TA|&#x198e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH THA|&#x198f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|199x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH NA|&#x1990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW TA|&#x1991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW THA|&#x1992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW NA|&#x1993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH PA|&#x1994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH PHA|&#x1995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH MA|&#x1996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW PA|&#x1997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW PHA|&#x1998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW MA|&#x1999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH FA|&#x199a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH VA|&#x199b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH LA|&#x199c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW FA|&#x199d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW VA|&#x199e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW LA|&#x199f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|19Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH HA|&#x19a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH DA|&#x19a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH BA|&#x19a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW HA|&#x19a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW DA|&#x19a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW BA|&#x19a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH KVA|&#x19a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH XVA|&#x19a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW KVA|&#x19a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW XVA|&#x19a9;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER HIGH SUA|&#x19aa;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER LOW SUA|&#x19ab;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|19Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN VOWEL SHORTENER|&#x19b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x19b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN II|&#x19b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN U|&#x19b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x19b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN E|&#x19b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN AE|&#x19b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN O|&#x19b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN OA|&#x19b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x19b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN AY|&#x19ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN AAY|&#x19bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN UY|&#x19bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN OY|&#x19bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN OAY|&#x19be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN UEY|&#x19bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|19Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE VOWEL SIGN IY|&#x19c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER FINAL V|&#x19c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER FINAL NG|&#x19c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER FINAL N|&#x19c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER FINAL M|&#x19c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER FINAL K|&#x19c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER FINAL D|&#x19c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE LETTER FINAL B|&#x19c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE TONE MARK-1|&#x19c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE TONE MARK-2|&#x19c9;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|19Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE DIGIT ZERO|&#x19d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE DIGIT ONE|&#x19d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE DIGIT TWO|&#x19d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE DIGIT THREE|&#x19d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE DIGIT FOUR|&#x19d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE DIGIT FIVE|&#x19d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE DIGIT SIX|&#x19d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE DIGIT SEVEN|&#x19d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE DIGIT EIGHT|&#x19d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE DIGIT NINE|&#x19d9;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE THAM DIGIT ONE|&#x19da;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE SIGN LAE|&#x19de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW TAI LUE SIGN LAEV|&#x19df;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Khmer Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|19Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PATHAMASAT|&#x19e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL MUOY KOET|&#x19e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PII KOET|&#x19e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL BEI KOET|&#x19e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL BUON KOET|&#x19e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PRAM KOET|&#x19e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PRAM-MUOY KOET|&#x19e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PRAM-PII KOET|&#x19e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PRAM-BEI KOET|&#x19e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PRAM-BUON KOET|&#x19e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP KOET|&#x19ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP-MUOY KOET|&#x19eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP-PII KOET|&#x19ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP-BEI KOET|&#x19ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP-BUON KOET|&#x19ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP-PRAM KOET|&#x19ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|19Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL TUTEYASAT|&#x19f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL MUOY ROC|&#x19f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PII ROC|&#x19f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL BEI ROC|&#x19f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL BUON ROC|&#x19f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PRAM ROC|&#x19f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PRAM-MUOY ROC|&#x19f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PRAM-PII ROC|&#x19f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PRAM-BEI ROC|&#x19f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL PRAM-BUON ROC|&#x19f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP ROC|&#x19fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP-MUOY ROC|&#x19fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP-PII ROC|&#x19fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP-BEI ROC|&#x19fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP-BUON ROC|&#x19fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KHMER SYMBOL DAP-PRAM ROC|&#x19ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Buginese''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|1A0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER KA|&#x1a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER GA|&#x1a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER NGA|&#x1a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER NGKA|&#x1a03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER PA|&#x1a04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER BA|&#x1a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER MA|&#x1a06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER MPA|&#x1a07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER TA|&#x1a08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER DA|&#x1a09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER NA|&#x1a0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER NRA|&#x1a0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER CA|&#x1a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER JA|&#x1a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER NYA|&#x1a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER NYCA|&#x1a0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|1A1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER YA|&#x1a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER RA|&#x1a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER LA|&#x1a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER VA|&#x1a13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER SA|&#x1a14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER A|&#x1a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE LETTER HA|&#x1a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1a17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1a18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN AE|&#x1a1b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE PALLAWA|&#x1a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BUGINESE END OF SECTION|&#x1a1f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tai Tham''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1A2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH KA|&#x1a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH KHA|&#x1a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH KXA|&#x1a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW KA|&#x1a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW KXA|&#x1a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW KHA|&#x1a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER NGA|&#x1a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH CA|&#x1a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH CHA|&#x1a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW CA|&#x1a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW SA|&#x1a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW CHA|&#x1a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER NYA|&#x1a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER RATA|&#x1a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH RATHA|&#x1a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER DA|&#x1a2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1A3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW RATHA|&#x1a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER RANA|&#x1a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH TA|&#x1a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH THA|&#x1a33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW TA|&#x1a34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW THA|&#x1a35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER NA|&#x1a36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER BA|&#x1a37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH PA|&#x1a38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH PHA|&#x1a39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH FA|&#x1a3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW PA|&#x1a3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW FA|&#x1a3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW PHA|&#x1a3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER MA|&#x1a3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW YA|&#x1a3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1A4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH YA|&#x1a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER RA|&#x1a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER RUE|&#x1a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LA|&#x1a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LUE|&#x1a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER WA|&#x1a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH SHA|&#x1a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH SSA|&#x1a47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH SA|&#x1a48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER HIGH HA|&#x1a49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LLA|&#x1a4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER A|&#x1a4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LOW HA|&#x1a4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER I|&#x1a4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER II|&#x1a4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER U|&#x1a4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1A5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER UU|&#x1a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER EE|&#x1a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER OO|&#x1a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER LAE|&#x1a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM LETTER GREAT SA|&#x1a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL RA|&#x1a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM CONSONANT SIGN MEDIAL LA|&#x1a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM CONSONANT SIGN LA TANG LAI|&#x1a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN MAI KANG LAI|&#x1a58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM CONSONANT SIGN FINAL NGA|&#x1a59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM CONSONANT SIGN LOW PA|&#x1a5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM CONSONANT SIGN HIGH RATHA OR LOW PA|&#x1a5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM CONSONANT SIGN MA|&#x1a5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM CONSONANT SIGN BA|&#x1a5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM CONSONANT SIGN SA|&#x1a5e;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1A6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN SAKOT|&#x1a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN A|&#x1a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN MAI SAT|&#x1a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x1a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN TALL AA|&#x1a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN II|&#x1a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN UE|&#x1a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN UUE|&#x1a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1a69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x1a6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1a6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN OA BELOW|&#x1a6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN OY|&#x1a6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN AE|&#x1a6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1A7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x1a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN AI|&#x1a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN THAM AI|&#x1a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM VOWEL SIGN OA ABOVE|&#x1a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN MAI KANG|&#x1a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN TONE-1|&#x1a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN TONE-2|&#x1a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN KHUEN TONE-3|&#x1a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN KHUEN TONE-4|&#x1a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN KHUEN TONE-5|&#x1a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN RA HAAM|&#x1a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN MAI SAM|&#x1a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN KHUEN-LUE KARAN|&#x1a7c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM COMBINING CRYPTOGRAMMIC DOT|&#x1a7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1A8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM HORA DIGIT ZERO|&#x1a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM HORA DIGIT ONE|&#x1a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM HORA DIGIT TWO|&#x1a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM HORA DIGIT THREE|&#x1a83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM HORA DIGIT FOUR|&#x1a84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM HORA DIGIT FIVE|&#x1a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM HORA DIGIT SIX|&#x1a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM HORA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM HORA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM HORA DIGIT NINE|&#x1a89;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1A9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM THAM DIGIT ZERO|&#x1a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM THAM DIGIT ONE|&#x1a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM THAM DIGIT TWO|&#x1a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM THAM DIGIT THREE|&#x1a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM THAM DIGIT FOUR|&#x1a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM THAM DIGIT FIVE|&#x1a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM THAM DIGIT SIX|&#x1a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM THAM DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM THAM DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM THAM DIGIT NINE|&#x1a99;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1AAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN WIANG|&#x1aa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN WIANGWAAK|&#x1aa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN SAWAN|&#x1aa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN KEOW|&#x1aa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN HOY|&#x1aa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN DOKMAI|&#x1aa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN REVERSED ROTATED RANA|&#x1aa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN MAI YAMOK|&#x1aa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN KAAN|&#x1aa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN KAANKUU|&#x1aa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN SATKAAN|&#x1aaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN SATKAANKUU|&#x1aab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN HANG|&#x1aac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAI THAM SIGN CAANG|&#x1aad;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks Extended''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1ABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLED CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x1ab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DIAERESIS-RING|&nbsp;&#x1ab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INFINITY|&nbsp;&#x1ab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOWNWARDS ARROW|&nbsp;&#x1ab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TRIPLE DOT|&nbsp;&#x1ab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING X-X BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1ab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING WIGGLY LINE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1ab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OPEN MARK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1ab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE OPEN MARK BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1ab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LIGHT CENTRALIZATION STROKE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1ab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING STRONG CENTRALIZATION STROKE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1aba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING PARENTHESES ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1abb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE PARENTHESES ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1abc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING PARENTHESES BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1abd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING PARENTHESES OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x1abe;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER W BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1abf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc0e0" !style="background:#ffffff"|1ACx |style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED W BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT PARENTHESIS ABOVE LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT PARENTHESIS ABOVE RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT PARENTHESIS BELOW LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT PARENTHESIS BELOW RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SQUARE BRACKETS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING NUMBER SIGN ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING PLUS SIGN ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE PLUS SIGN ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1ac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE PLUS SIGN BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1aca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TRIPLE ACUTE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x1acb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR G|&nbsp;&#x1acc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR R|&nbsp;&#x1acd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR T|&nbsp;&#x1ace;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1ADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1AEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1AFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Balinese''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1B0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE SIGN ULU RICEM|&#x1b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE SIGN ULU CANDRA|&#x1b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE SIGN CECEK|&#x1b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE SIGN SURANG|&#x1b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE SIGN BISAH|&#x1b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER AKARA|&#x1b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER AKARA TEDUNG|&#x1b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER IKARA|&#x1b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER IKARA TEDUNG|&#x1b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER UKARA|&#x1b09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER UKARA TEDUNG|&#x1b0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER RA REPA|&#x1b0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER RA REPA TEDUNG|&#x1b0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER LA LENGA|&#x1b0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER LA LENGA TEDUNG|&#x1b0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER EKARA|&#x1b0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1B1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER AIKARA|&#x1b10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER OKARA|&#x1b11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER OKARA TEDUNG|&#x1b12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER KA|&#x1b13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER KA MAHAPRANA|&#x1b14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER GA|&#x1b15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER GA GORA|&#x1b16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER NGA|&#x1b17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER CA|&#x1b18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER CA LACA|&#x1b19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER JA|&#x1b1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER JA JERA|&#x1b1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER NYA|&#x1b1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER TA LATIK|&#x1b1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER TA MURDA MAHAPRANA|&#x1b1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER DA MURDA ALPAPRANA|&#x1b1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1B2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER DA MURDA MAHAPRANA|&#x1b20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER NA RAMBAT|&#x1b21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER TA|&#x1b22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER TA TAWA|&#x1b23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER DA|&#x1b24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER DA MADU|&#x1b25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER NA|&#x1b26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER PA|&#x1b27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER PA KAPAL|&#x1b28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER BA|&#x1b29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER BA KEMBANG|&#x1b2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER MA|&#x1b2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER YA|&#x1b2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER RA|&#x1b2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER LA|&#x1b2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER WA|&#x1b2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1B3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER SA SAGA|&#x1b30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER SA SAPA|&#x1b31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER SA|&#x1b32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER HA|&#x1b33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE SIGN REREKAN|&#x1b34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TEDUNG|&#x1b35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN ULU|&#x1b36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN ULU SARI|&#x1b37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU|&#x1b38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU ILUT|&#x1b39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN RA REPA|&#x1b3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN RA REPA TEDUNG|&#x1b3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN LA LENGA|&#x1b3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN LA LENGA TEDUNG|&#x1b3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING|&#x1b3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING REPA|&#x1b3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1B4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING TEDUNG|&#x1b40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING REPA TEDUNG|&#x1b41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET|&#x1b42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET TEDUNG|&#x1b43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE ADEG ADEG|&#x1b44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER KAF SASAK|&#x1b45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER KHOT SASAK|&#x1b46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER TZIR SASAK|&#x1b47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER EF SASAK|&#x1b48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER VE SASAK|&#x1b49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER ZAL SASAK|&#x1b4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER ASYURA SASAK|&#x1b4b;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE LETTER ARCHAIC JNYA|&#x1b4c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE INVERTED CARIK SIKI|&#x1b4e;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE INVERTED CARIK PAREREN|&#x1b4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1B5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE DIGIT ZERO|&#x1b50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE DIGIT ONE|&#x1b51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE DIGIT TWO|&#x1b52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE DIGIT THREE|&#x1b53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE DIGIT FOUR|&#x1b54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE DIGIT FIVE|&#x1b55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE DIGIT SIX|&#x1b56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1b57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1b58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE DIGIT NINE|&#x1b59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE PANTI|&#x1b5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE PAMADA|&#x1b5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE WINDU|&#x1b5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE CARIK PAMUNGKAH|&#x1b5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE CARIK SIKI|&#x1b5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE CARIK PAREREN|&#x1b5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1B6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE PAMENENG|&#x1b60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL DONG|&#x1b61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL DENG|&#x1b62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL DUNG|&#x1b63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL DANG|&#x1b64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL DANG SURANG|&#x1b65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL DING|&#x1b66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL DAENG|&#x1b67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL DEUNG|&#x1b68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL DAING|&#x1b69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL DANG GEDE|&#x1b6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TEGEH|&#x1b6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING ENDEP|&#x1b6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING KEMPUL|&#x1b6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING KEMPLI|&#x1b6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING JEGOGAN|&#x1b6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1B7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING KEMPUL WITH JEGOGAN|&#x1b70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING KEMPLI WITH JEGOGAN|&#x1b71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING BENDE|&#x1b72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING GONG|&#x1b73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL RIGHT-HAND OPEN DUG|&#x1b74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL RIGHT-HAND OPEN DAG|&#x1b75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL RIGHT-HAND CLOSED TUK|&#x1b76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL RIGHT-HAND CLOSED TAK|&#x1b77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEFT-HAND OPEN PANG|&#x1b78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEFT-HAND OPEN PUNG|&#x1b79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEFT-HAND CLOSED PLAK|&#x1b7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEFT-HAND CLOSED PLUK|&#x1b7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEFT-HAND OPEN PING|&#x1b7c;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE PANTI LANTANG|&#x1b7d;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE PAMADA LANTANG|&#x1b7e;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BALINESE PANTI BAWAK|&#x1b7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Sundanese''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1B8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE SIGN PANYECEK|&#x1b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE SIGN PANGLAYAR|&#x1b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE SIGN PANGWISAD|&#x1b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER A|&#x1b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER I|&#x1b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER U|&#x1b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER AE|&#x1b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER O|&#x1b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER E|&#x1b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER EU|&#x1b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER KA|&#x1b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER QA|&#x1b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER GA|&#x1b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER NGA|&#x1b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER CA|&#x1b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER JA|&#x1b8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1B9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER ZA|&#x1b90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER NYA|&#x1b91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER TA|&#x1b92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER DA|&#x1b93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER NA|&#x1b94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER PA|&#x1b95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER FA|&#x1b96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER VA|&#x1b97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER BA|&#x1b98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER MA|&#x1b99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER YA|&#x1b9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER RA|&#x1b9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER LA|&#x1b9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER WA|&#x1b9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER SA|&#x1b9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER XA|&#x1b9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1BAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER HA|&#x1ba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE CONSONANT SIGN PAMINGKAL|&#x1ba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE CONSONANT SIGN PANYAKRA|&#x1ba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE CONSONANT SIGN PANYIKU|&#x1ba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE VOWEL SIGN PANGHULU|&#x1ba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE VOWEL SIGN PANYUKU|&#x1ba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE VOWEL SIGN PANAELAENG|&#x1ba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE VOWEL SIGN PANOLONG|&#x1ba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE VOWEL SIGN PAMEPET|&#x1ba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE VOWEL SIGN PANEULEUNG|&#x1ba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE SIGN PAMAAEH|&#x1baa;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE SIGN VIRAMA|&#x1bab;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE CONSONANT SIGN PASANGAN MA|&#x1bac;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE CONSONANT SIGN PASANGAN WA|&#x1bad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER KHA|&#x1bae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER SYA|&#x1baf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1BBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE DIGIT ZERO|&#x1bb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE DIGIT ONE|&#x1bb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE DIGIT TWO|&#x1bb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE DIGIT THREE|&#x1bb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE DIGIT FOUR|&#x1bb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE DIGIT FIVE|&#x1bb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE DIGIT SIX|&#x1bb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1bb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1bb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE DIGIT NINE|&#x1bb9;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE AVAGRAHA|&#x1bba;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER REU|&#x1bbb;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER LEU|&#x1bbc;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER BHA|&#x1bbd;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER FINAL K|&#x1bbe;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE LETTER FINAL M|&#x1bbf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Batak''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1BCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER A|&#x1bc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN A|&#x1bc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER HA|&#x1bc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN HA|&#x1bc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER MANDAILING HA|&#x1bc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER BA|&#x1bc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER KARO BA|&#x1bc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER PA|&#x1bc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN PA|&#x1bc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER NA|&#x1bc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER MANDAILING NA|&#x1bca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER WA|&#x1bcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN WA|&#x1bcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER PAKPAK WA|&#x1bcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER GA|&#x1bce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN GA|&#x1bcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1BDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER JA|&#x1bd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER DA|&#x1bd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER RA|&#x1bd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN RA|&#x1bd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER MA|&#x1bd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN MA|&#x1bd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SOUTHERN TA|&#x1bd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER NORTHERN TA|&#x1bd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SA|&#x1bd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN SA|&#x1bd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER MANDAILING SA|&#x1bda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER YA|&#x1bdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN YA|&#x1bdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER NGA|&#x1bdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER LA|&#x1bde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN LA|&#x1bdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1BEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER NYA|&#x1be0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER CA|&#x1be1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER NDA|&#x1be2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER MBA|&#x1be3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER I|&#x1be4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK LETTER U|&#x1be5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK SIGN TOMPI|&#x1be6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1be7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK VOWEL SIGN PAKPAK E|&#x1be8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK VOWEL SIGN EE|&#x1be9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1bea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK VOWEL SIGN KARO I|&#x1beb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1bec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK VOWEL SIGN KARO O|&#x1bed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1bee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK VOWEL SIGN U FOR SIMALUNGUN SA|&#x1bef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|1BFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK CONSONANT SIGN NG|&#x1bf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK CONSONANT SIGN H|&#x1bf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK PANGOLAT|&#x1bf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK PANONGONAN|&#x1bf3;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK SYMBOL BINDU NA METEK|&#x1bfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK SYMBOL BINDU PINARBORAS|&#x1bfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK SYMBOL BINDU JUDUL|&#x1bfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BATAK SYMBOL BINDU PANGOLAT|&#x1bff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Lepcha''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1C0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER KA|&#x1c00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER KLA|&#x1c01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER KHA|&#x1c02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER GA|&#x1c03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER GLA|&#x1c04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER NGA|&#x1c05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER CA|&#x1c06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER CHA|&#x1c07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER JA|&#x1c08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER NYA|&#x1c09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER TA|&#x1c0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER THA|&#x1c0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER DA|&#x1c0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER NA|&#x1c0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER PA|&#x1c0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER PLA|&#x1c0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1C1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER PHA|&#x1c10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER FA|&#x1c11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER FLA|&#x1c12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER BA|&#x1c13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER BLA|&#x1c14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER MA|&#x1c15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER MLA|&#x1c16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER TSA|&#x1c17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER TSHA|&#x1c18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER DZA|&#x1c19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER YA|&#x1c1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER RA|&#x1c1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER LA|&#x1c1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER HA|&#x1c1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER HLA|&#x1c1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER VA|&#x1c1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1C2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER SA|&#x1c20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER SHA|&#x1c21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER WA|&#x1c22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER A|&#x1c23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA SUBJOINED LETTER YA|&#x1c24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA SUBJOINED LETTER RA|&#x1c25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA VOWEL SIGN AA|&#x1c26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA VOWEL SIGN I|&#x1c27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA VOWEL SIGN O|&#x1c28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA VOWEL SIGN OO|&#x1c29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA VOWEL SIGN U|&#x1c2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA VOWEL SIGN UU|&#x1c2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA VOWEL SIGN E|&#x1c2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN K|&#x1c2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN M|&#x1c2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN L|&#x1c2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1C3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN N|&#x1c30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN P|&#x1c31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN R|&#x1c32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN T|&#x1c33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN NYIN-DO|&#x1c34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN KANG|&#x1c35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA SIGN RAN|&#x1c36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA SIGN NUKTA|&#x1c37;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA PUNCTUATION TA-ROL|&#x1c3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA PUNCTUATION NYET THYOOM TA-ROL|&#x1c3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA PUNCTUATION CER-WA|&#x1c3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA PUNCTUATION TSHOOK CER-WA|&#x1c3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA PUNCTUATION TSHOOK|&#x1c3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1C4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA DIGIT ZERO|&#x1c40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA DIGIT ONE|&#x1c41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA DIGIT TWO|&#x1c42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA DIGIT THREE|&#x1c43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA DIGIT FOUR|&#x1c44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA DIGIT FIVE|&#x1c45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA DIGIT SIX|&#x1c46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1c47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1c48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA DIGIT NINE|&#x1c49;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER TTA|&#x1c4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER TTHA|&#x1c4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEPCHA LETTER DDA|&#x1c4f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ol Chiki''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1C5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI DIGIT ZERO|&#x1c50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI DIGIT ONE|&#x1c51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI DIGIT TWO|&#x1c52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI DIGIT THREE|&#x1c53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI DIGIT FOUR|&#x1c54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI DIGIT FIVE|&#x1c55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI DIGIT SIX|&#x1c56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI DIGIT SEVEN|&#x1c57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI DIGIT EIGHT|&#x1c58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI DIGIT NINE|&#x1c59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER LA|&#x1c5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER AT|&#x1c5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER AG|&#x1c5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER ANG|&#x1c5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER AL|&#x1c5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER LAA|&#x1c5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1C6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER AAK|&#x1c60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER AAJ|&#x1c61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER AAM|&#x1c62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER AAW|&#x1c63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER LI|&#x1c64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER IS|&#x1c65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER IH|&#x1c66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER INY|&#x1c67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER IR|&#x1c68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER LU|&#x1c69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER UC|&#x1c6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER UD|&#x1c6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER UNN|&#x1c6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER UY|&#x1c6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER LE|&#x1c6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER EP|&#x1c6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1C7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER EDD|&#x1c70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER EN|&#x1c71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER ERR|&#x1c72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER LO|&#x1c73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER OTT|&#x1c74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER OB|&#x1c75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER OV|&#x1c76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI LETTER OH|&#x1c77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI MU TTUDDAG|&#x1c78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI GAAHLAA TTUDDAAG|&#x1c79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI MU-GAAHLAA TTUDDAAG|&#x1c7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI RELAA|&#x1c7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI PHAARKAA|&#x1c7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI AHAD|&#x1c7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI PUNCTUATION MUCAAD|&#x1c7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OL CHIKI PUNCTUATION DOUBLE MUCAAD|&#x1c7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Extended-C''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#9c8dff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1C8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUNDED VE|&#x1c80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LONG-LEGGED DE|&#x1c81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NARROW O|&#x1c82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER WIDE ES|&#x1c83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TALL TE|&#x1c84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER THREE-LEGGED TE|&#x1c85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TALL HARD SIGN|&#x1c86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TALL YAT|&#x1c87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UNBLENDED UK|&#x1c88;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TJE|&#x1c89;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TJE|&#x1c8a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Georgian Extended''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1C9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER AN|&#x1c90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER BAN|&#x1c91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER GAN|&#x1c92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER DON|&#x1c93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER EN|&#x1c94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER VIN|&#x1c95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER ZEN|&#x1c96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER TAN|&#x1c97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER IN|&#x1c98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER KAN|&#x1c99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER LAS|&#x1c9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER MAN|&#x1c9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER NAR|&#x1c9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER ON|&#x1c9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER PAR|&#x1c9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER ZHAR|&#x1c9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1CAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER RAE|&#x1ca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER SAN|&#x1ca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER TAR|&#x1ca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER UN|&#x1ca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER PHAR|&#x1ca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER KHAR|&#x1ca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER GHAN|&#x1ca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER QAR|&#x1ca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER SHIN|&#x1ca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER CHIN|&#x1ca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER CAN|&#x1caa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER JIL|&#x1cab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER CIL|&#x1cac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER CHAR|&#x1cad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER XAN|&#x1cae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER JHAN|&#x1caf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1CBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER HAE|&#x1cb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER HE|&#x1cb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER HIE|&#x1cb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER WE|&#x1cb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER HAR|&#x1cb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER HOE|&#x1cb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER FI|&#x1cb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER YN|&#x1cb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER ELIFI|&#x1cb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER TURNED GAN|&#x1cb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER AIN|&#x1cba;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER AEN|&#x1cbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN|&#x1cbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN MTAVRULI CAPITAL LETTER LABIAL SIGN|&#x1cbf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Sundanese Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#7ef9ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1CCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE PUNCTUATION BINDU SURYA|&#x1cc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE PUNCTUATION BINDU PANGLONG|&#x1cc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE PUNCTUATION BINDU PURNAMA|&#x1cc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE PUNCTUATION BINDU CAKRA|&#x1cc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE PUNCTUATION BINDU LEU SATANGA|&#x1cc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE PUNCTUATION BINDU KA SATANGA|&#x1cc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE PUNCTUATION BINDU DA SATANGA|&#x1cc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUNDANESE PUNCTUATION BINDU BA SATANGA|&#x1cc7;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Vedic Extensions''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1CDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE KARSHANA|&#x1cd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE SHARA|&#x1cd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE PRENKHA|&#x1cd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN NIHSHVASA|&#x1cd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN YAJURVEDIC MIDLINE SVARITA|&#x1cd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE YAJURVEDIC AGGRAVATED INDEPENDENT SVARITA|&#x1cd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE YAJURVEDIC INDEPENDENT SVARITA|&#x1cd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE YAJURVEDIC KATHAKA INDEPENDENT SVARITA|&#x1cd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE CANDRA BELOW|&#x1cd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE YAJURVEDIC KATHAKA INDEPENDENT SVARITA SCHROEDER|&#x1cd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE DOUBLE SVARITA|&#x1cda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE TRIPLE SVARITA|&#x1cdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE KATHAKA ANUDATTA|&#x1cdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE DOT BELOW|&#x1cdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x1cde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE THREE DOTS BELOW|&#x1cdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|1CEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE RIGVEDIC KASHMIRI INDEPENDENT SVARITA|&#x1ce0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE ATHARVAVEDIC INDEPENDENT SVARITA|&#x1ce1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN VISARGA SVARITA|&#x1ce2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN VISARGA UDATTA|&#x1ce3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN REVERSED VISARGA UDATTA|&#x1ce4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN VISARGA ANUDATTA|&#x1ce5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN REVERSED VISARGA ANUDATTA|&#x1ce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN VISARGA UDATTA WITH TAIL|&#x1ce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN VISARGA ANUDATTA WITH TAIL|&#x1ce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN ANUSVARA ANTARGOMUKHA|&#x1ce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN ANUSVARA BAHIRGOMUKHA|&#x1cea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN ANUSVARA VAMAGOMUKHA|&#x1ceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN ANUSVARA VAMAGOMUKHA WITH TAIL|&#x1cec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN TIRYAK|&#x1ced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN HEXIFORM LONG ANUSVARA|&#x1cee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN LONG ANUSVARA|&#x1cef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|1CFx |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN RTHANG LONG ANUSVARA|&#x1cf0;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN ANUSVARA UBHAYATO MUKHA|&#x1cf1;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN ARDHAVISARGA|&#x1cf2;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN ROTATED ARDHAVISARGA|&#x1cf3;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE CANDRA ABOVE|&#x1cf4;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN JIHVAMULIYA|&#x1cf5;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN UPADHMANIYA|&#x1cf6;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN ATIKRAMA|&#x1cf7;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE RING ABOVE|&#x1cf8;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC TONE DOUBLE RING ABOVE|&#x1cf9;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VEDIC SIGN DOUBLE ANUSVARA ANTARGOMUKHA|&#x1cfa;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Phonetic Extensions''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|1D0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL A|&#x1d00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL AE|&#x1d01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED AE|&#x1d02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL BARRED B|&#x1d03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL C|&#x1d04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL D|&#x1d05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL ETH|&#x1d06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL E|&#x1d07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED OPEN E|&#x1d08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED I|&#x1d09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL J|&#x1d0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL K|&#x1d0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L WITH STROKE|&#x1d0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL M|&#x1d0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL REVERSED N|&#x1d0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL O|&#x1d0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|1D1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OPEN O|&#x1d10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SIDEWAYS O|&#x1d11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SIDEWAYS OPEN O|&#x1d12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SIDEWAYS O WITH STROKE|&#x1d13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED OE|&#x1d14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OU|&#x1d15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TOP HALF O|&#x1d16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER BOTTOM HALF O|&#x1d17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL P|&#x1d18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL REVERSED R|&#x1d19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED R|&#x1d1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL T|&#x1d1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL U|&#x1d1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SIDEWAYS U|&#x1d1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SIDEWAYS DIAERESIZED U|&#x1d1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SIDEWAYS TURNED M|&#x1d1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|1D2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL V|&#x1d20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL W|&#x1d21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Z|&#x1d22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL EZH|&#x1d23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER VOICED LARYNGEAL SPIRANT|&#x1d24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER AIN|&#x1d25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL GAMMA|&#x1d26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL LAMDA|&#x1d27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL PI|&#x1d28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL RHO|&#x1d29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL PSI|&#x1d2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CYRILLIC LETTER SMALL CAPITAL EL|&#x1d2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL A|&#x1d2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL AE|&#x1d2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL B|&#x1d2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL BARRED B|&#x1d2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|1D3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL D|&#x1d30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL E|&#x1d31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL REVERSED E|&#x1d32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL G|&#x1d33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL H|&#x1d34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL I|&#x1d35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL J|&#x1d36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL K|&#x1d37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL L|&#x1d38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL M|&#x1d39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL N|&#x1d3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL REVERSED N|&#x1d3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL O|&#x1d3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL OU|&#x1d3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL P|&#x1d3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL R|&#x1d3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|1D4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL T|&#x1d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL U|&#x1d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL W|&#x1d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL A|&#x1d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED A|&#x1d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ALPHA|&#x1d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED AE|&#x1d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL B|&#x1d47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL D|&#x1d48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL E|&#x1d49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL SCHWA|&#x1d4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL OPEN E|&#x1d4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED OPEN E|&#x1d4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL G|&#x1d4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED I|&#x1d4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL K|&#x1d4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|1D5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL M|&#x1d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ENG|&#x1d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL O|&#x1d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL OPEN O|&#x1d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TOP HALF O|&#x1d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL BOTTOM HALF O|&#x1d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL P|&#x1d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL T|&#x1d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL U|&#x1d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL SIDEWAYS U|&#x1d59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED M|&#x1d5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL V|&#x1d5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL AIN|&#x1d5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL BETA|&#x1d5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GREEK GAMMA|&#x1d5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DELTA|&#x1d5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|1D6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GREEK PHI|&#x1d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CHI|&#x1d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER I|&#x1d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER R|&#x1d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER U|&#x1d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER V|&#x1d65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER BETA|&#x1d66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER GAMMA|&#x1d67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER RHO|&#x1d68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER PHI|&#x1d69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER CHI|&#x1d6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UE|&#x1d6b;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d6c;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d6d;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d6e;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|1D7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK AND MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x1d76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED G|&#x1d77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CYRILLIC EN|&#x1d78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR G|&#x1d79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TH WITH STRIKETHROUGH|&#x1d7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL CAPITAL LETTER I WITH STROKE|&#x1d7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH STROKE|&#x1d7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH STROKE|&#x1d7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL CAPITAL LETTER U WITH STROKE|&#x1d7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH STROKE|&#x1d7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Phonetic Extensions Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|1D8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1d8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|1D9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK AND TAIL|&#x1d91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1d9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED ALPHA|&#x1d9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL C|&#x1d9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL C WITH CURL|&#x1d9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ETH|&#x1d9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED OPEN E|&#x1d9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|1DAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL F|&#x1da0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL DOTLESS J WITH STROKE|&#x1da1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL SCRIPT G|&#x1da2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED H|&#x1da3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL I WITH STROKE|&#x1da4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL IOTA|&#x1da5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I|&#x1da6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I WITH STROKE|&#x1da7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J WITH CROSSED-TAIL|&#x1da8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1da9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1daa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L|&#x1dab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL M WITH HOOK|&#x1dac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED M WITH LONG LEG|&#x1dad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL N WITH LEFT HOOK|&#x1dae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL N WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1daf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|1DBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N|&#x1db0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL BARRED O|&#x1db1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL PHI|&#x1db2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S WITH HOOK|&#x1db3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ESH|&#x1db4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL T WITH PALATAL HOOK|&#x1db5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL U BAR|&#x1db6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL UPSILON|&#x1db7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL U|&#x1db8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL V WITH HOOK|&#x1db9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED V|&#x1dba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Z|&#x1dbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Z WITH RETROFLEX HOOK|&#x1dbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Z WITH CURL|&#x1dbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL EZH|&#x1dbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL THETA|&#x1dbf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1DCx |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOTTED GRAVE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x1dc0;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOTTED ACUTE ACCENT|&nbsp;&#x1dc1;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SNAKE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1dc2;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SUSPENSION MARK|&nbsp;&#x1dc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MACRON-ACUTE|&nbsp;&#x1dc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE-MACRON|&nbsp;&#x1dc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MACRON-GRAVE|&nbsp;&#x1dc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE-MACRON|&nbsp;&#x1dc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING GRAVE-ACUTE-GRAVE|&nbsp;&#x1dc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ACUTE-GRAVE-ACUTE|&nbsp;&#x1dc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER R BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1dca;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING BREVE-MACRON|&nbsp;&#x1dcb;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING MACRON-BREVE|&nbsp;&#x1dcc;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE CIRCUMFLEX ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1dcd;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING OGONEK ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1dce;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ZIGZAG BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1dcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|1DDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING IS BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1dd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING UR ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1dd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING US ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1dd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER FLATTENED OPEN A ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1dd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER AE|&nbsp;&#x1dd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER AO|&nbsp;&#x1dd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER AV|&nbsp;&#x1dd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER C CEDILLA|&nbsp;&#x1dd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR D|&nbsp;&#x1dd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH|&nbsp;&#x1dd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER G|&nbsp;&#x1dda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G|&nbsp;&#x1ddb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER K|&nbsp;&#x1ddc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER L|&nbsp;&#x1ddd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L|&nbsp;&#x1dde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL M|&nbsp;&#x1ddf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1DEx |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&nbsp;&#x1de0;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N|&nbsp;&#x1de1;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R|&nbsp;&#x1de2;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER R ROTUNDA|&nbsp;&#x1de3;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER S|&nbsp;&#x1de4;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S|&nbsp;&#x1de5;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&nbsp;&#x1de6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA|&nbsp;&#x1de7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER B|&nbsp;&#x1de8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER BETA|&nbsp;&#x1de9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA|&nbsp;&#x1dea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER F|&nbsp;&#x1deb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE MIDDLE TILDE|&nbsp;&#x1dec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LIGHT CENTRALIZATION STROKE|&nbsp;&#x1ded;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER P|&nbsp;&#x1dee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH|&nbsp;&#x1def;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|1DFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH LIGHT CENTRALIZATION STROKE|&nbsp;&#x1df0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&nbsp;&#x1df1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS|&nbsp;&#x1df2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS|&nbsp;&#x1df3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS|&nbsp;&#x1df4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING UP TACK ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1df5;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING KAVYKA ABOVE RIGHT|&nbsp;&#x1df6;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING KAVYKA ABOVE LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1df7;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT ABOVE LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1df8;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING WIDE INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1df9;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOT BELOW LEFT|&nbsp;&#x1dfa;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DELETION MARK|&nbsp;&#x1dfb;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1dfc;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ALMOST EQUAL TO BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1dfd;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROWHEAD ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x1dfe;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROWHEAD AND DOWN ARROWHEAD BELOW|&nbsp;&#x1dff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended Additional''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1E0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING BELOW|&#x1e00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING BELOW|&#x1e01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE|&#x1e08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE|&#x1e09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1E1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CEDILLA|&#x1e10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CEDILLA|&#x1e11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND GRAVE|&#x1e14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND GRAVE|&#x1e15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND ACUTE|&#x1e16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND ACUTE|&#x1e17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH TILDE BELOW|&#x1e1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH TILDE BELOW|&#x1e1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA AND BREVE|&#x1e1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA AND BREVE|&#x1e1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1E2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH MACRON|&#x1e20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH MACRON|&#x1e21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DIAERESIS|&#x1e26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DIAERESIS|&#x1e27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CEDILLA|&#x1e28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CEDILLA|&#x1e29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW|&#x1e2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW|&#x1e2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE BELOW|&#x1e2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE BELOW|&#x1e2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE|&#x1e2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE|&#x1e2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1E3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH ACUTE|&#x1e30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH ACUTE|&#x1e31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON|&#x1e38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON|&#x1e39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH ACUTE|&#x1e3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH ACUTE|&#x1e3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1E4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND ACUTE|&#x1e4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND ACUTE|&#x1e4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND DIAERESIS|&#x1e4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND DIAERESIS|&#x1e4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1E5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND GRAVE|&#x1e50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND GRAVE|&#x1e51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE|&#x1e52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE|&#x1e53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH ACUTE|&#x1e54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH ACUTE|&#x1e55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON|&#x1e5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON|&#x1e5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1E6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH ACUTE AND DOT ABOVE|&#x1e64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE AND DOT ABOVE|&#x1e65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON AND DOT ABOVE|&#x1e66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON AND DOT ABOVE|&#x1e67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x1e68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE|&#x1e69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1E7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS BELOW|&#x1e72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS BELOW|&#x1e73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE BELOW|&#x1e74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE BELOW|&#x1e75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW|&#x1e77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE AND ACUTE|&#x1e78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE AND ACUTE|&#x1e79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON AND DIAERESIS|&#x1e7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON AND DIAERESIS|&#x1e7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH TILDE|&#x1e7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH TILDE|&#x1e7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1E8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH GRAVE|&#x1e80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH GRAVE|&#x1e81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH ACUTE|&#x1e82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH ACUTE|&#x1e83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS|&#x1e84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS|&#x1e85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X WITH DIAERESIS|&#x1e8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH DIAERESIS|&#x1e8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1E9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x1e90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CIRCUMFLEX|&#x1e91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1e93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH LINE BELOW|&#x1e96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DIAERESIS|&#x1e97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH RING ABOVE|&#x1e98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH RING ABOVE|&#x1e99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RIGHT HALF RING|&#x1e9a;}}||style="background:#ffc65d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x1e9b;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#x1e9c;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S WITH HIGH STROKE|&#x1e9d;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SHARP S|&#x1e9e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER DELTA|&#x1e9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1EAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1ea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1ea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE|&#x1ea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE|&#x1ea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE|&#x1ea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE|&#x1ea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE|&#x1eaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE|&#x1eab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW|&#x1eac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW|&#x1ead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE|&#x1eae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE|&#x1eaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1EBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE|&#x1eb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE|&#x1eb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1eb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1eb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE|&#x1eb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE|&#x1eb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOW|&#x1eb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOW|&#x1eb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1eb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1eb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1eba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH TILDE|&#x1ebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH TILDE|&#x1ebd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE|&#x1ebe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE|&#x1ebf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1ECx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE|&#x1ec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE|&#x1ec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE|&#x1ec4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE|&#x1ec5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW|&#x1ec6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW|&#x1ec7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1eca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1ecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1ecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1ecd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ece;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ecf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1EDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE|&#x1ed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE|&#x1ed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE|&#x1ed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE|&#x1ed3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ed4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ed5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE|&#x1ed6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE|&#x1ed7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW|&#x1ed8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW|&#x1ed9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE|&#x1eda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE|&#x1edb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE|&#x1edc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE|&#x1edd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ede;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1edf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1EEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE|&#x1ee0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE|&#x1ee1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW|&#x1ee2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW|&#x1ee3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1ee4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1ee5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ee6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ee7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE|&#x1ee8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE|&#x1ee9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE|&#x1eea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE|&#x1eeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1eec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE|&#x1eed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE|&#x1eee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE|&#x1eef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1EFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW|&#x1ef0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW|&#x1ef1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH GRAVE|&#x1ef2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH GRAVE|&#x1ef3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1ef4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOW|&#x1ef5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ef6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK ABOVE|&#x1ef7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH TILDE|&#x1ef8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH TILDE|&#x1ef9;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER MIDDLE-WELSH LL|&#x1efa;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER MIDDLE-WELSH LL|&#x1efb;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER MIDDLE-WELSH V|&#x1efc;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER MIDDLE-WELSH V|&#x1efd;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH LOOP|&#x1efe;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH LOOP|&#x1eff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Greek Extended''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI|&#x1f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA|&#x1f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI|&#x1f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA|&#x1f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI|&#x1f10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA|&#x1f11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f15;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI|&#x1f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA|&#x1f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f1d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI|&#x1f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA|&#x1f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI|&#x1f28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA|&#x1f29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI|&#x1f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA|&#x1f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI|&#x1f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA|&#x1f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI|&#x1f40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA|&#x1f41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f45;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI|&#x1f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA|&#x1f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f4d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI|&#x1f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA|&#x1f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f57;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA|&#x1f59;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f5b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f5d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI|&#x1f60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA|&#x1f61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI|&#x1f68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA|&#x1f69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1f6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1f6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1f6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1f6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1f6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA|&#x1f70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA|&#x1f71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH VARIA|&#x1f72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA|&#x1f73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH VARIA|&#x1f74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA|&#x1f75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA|&#x1f76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA|&#x1f77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH VARIA|&#x1f78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA|&#x1f79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH VARIA|&#x1f7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA|&#x1f7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH VARIA|&#x1f7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA|&#x1f7d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1F9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1f9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1faa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1faf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VRACHY|&#x1fb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH MACRON|&#x1fb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fb4;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PERISPOMENI|&#x1fb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH VRACHY|&#x1fb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH MACRON|&#x1fb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA|&#x1fba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA|&#x1fbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK KORONIS|&#x1fbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PSILI|&#x1fbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PERISPOMENI|&#x1fc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DIALYTIKA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1fc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fc4;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PERISPOMENI|&#x1fc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH VARIA|&#x1fc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA|&#x1fc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH VARIA|&#x1fca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA|&#x1fcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1fcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PSILI AND VARIA|&#x1fcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PSILI AND OXIA|&#x1fce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK PSILI AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1fcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VRACHY|&#x1fd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH MACRON|&#x1fd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND VARIA|&#x1fd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND OXIA|&#x1fd3;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PERISPOMENI|&#x1fd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1fd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH VRACHY|&#x1fd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH MACRON|&#x1fd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA|&#x1fda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA|&#x1fdb;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DASIA AND VARIA|&#x1fdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DASIA AND OXIA|&#x1fde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DASIA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1fdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH VRACHY|&#x1fe0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH MACRON|&#x1fe1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND VARIA|&#x1fe2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND OXIA|&#x1fe3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH PSILI|&#x1fe4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA|&#x1fe5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI|&#x1fe6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND PERISPOMENI|&#x1fe7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH VRACHY|&#x1fe8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH MACRON|&#x1fe9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH VARIA|&#x1fea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA|&#x1feb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA|&#x1fec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DIALYTIKA AND VARIA|&#x1fed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DIALYTIKA AND OXIA|&#x1fee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK VARIA|&#x1fef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|1FFx |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1ff2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1ff3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1ff4;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PERISPOMENI|&#x1ff6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI|&#x1ff7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH VARIA|&#x1ff8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA|&#x1ff9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH VARIA|&#x1ffa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA|&#x1ffb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI|&#x1ffc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK OXIA|&#x1ffd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREEK DASIA|&#x1ffe;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''General Punctuation''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555;font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|200x |{{H:title|dotted=no|EN QUAD|[NQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM QUAD|[MQ SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN SPACE|[EN SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM SPACE|[EM SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-PER-EM SPACE|[3/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR-PER-EM SPACE|[4/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX-PER-EM SPACE|[6/M SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE SPACE|[F SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUATION SPACE|[P SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THIN SPACE|[TH SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAIR SPACE|[H SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH SPACE|[ZW SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER|[ZW NJ]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZERO WIDTH JOINER|[ZW J]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK|[LRM]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK|[RLM]}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|201x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN|&#x2010;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NON-BREAKING HYPHEN|[NB -]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIGURE DASH|&#x2012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EN DASH|&#x2013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EM DASH|&#x2014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BAR|&#x2015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE|&#x2016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW LINE|&#x2017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x2018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x2019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|&#x201a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|&#x201b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x201c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x201d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK|&#x201e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|&#x201f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|202x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER|&#x2020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DAGGER|&#x2021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET|&#x2022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGULAR BULLET|&#x2023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT LEADER|&#x2024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT LEADER|&#x2025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|&#x2026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHENATION POINT|&#x2027;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE SEPARATOR|[L SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR|[P SEP]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING|[LRE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING|[RLE]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING|[PDF]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE|[LRO]}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE|[RLO]}}||style="background:#f1ff63;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE|[NNB SP]}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|203x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PER MILLE SIGN|&#x2030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN|&#x2031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRIME|&#x2032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRIME|&#x2033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PRIME|&#x2034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PRIME|&#x2035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME|&#x2036;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TRIPLE PRIME|&#x2037;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET|&#x2038;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x2039;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK|&#x203a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REFERENCE MARK|&#x203b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x203c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERROBANG|&#x203d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLINE|&#x203e;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDERTIE|&#x203f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|204x |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CHARACTER TIE|&#x2040;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CARET INSERTION POINT|&#x2041;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISM|&#x2042;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN BULLET|&#x2043;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION SLASH|&#x2044;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|&#x2045;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL|&#x2046;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE QUESTION MARK|&#x2047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTION EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x2048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCLAMATION QUESTION MARK|&#x2049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN ET|&#x204a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED PILCROW SIGN|&#x204b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS BULLET|&#x204c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS BULLET|&#x204d;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW ASTERISK|&#x204e;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SEMICOLON|&#x204f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|205x |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSE UP|&#x2050;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO ASTERISKS ALIGNED VERTICALLY|&#x2051;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMMERCIAL MINUS SIGN|&#x2052;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SWUNG DASH|&#x2053;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED UNDERTIE|&#x2054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER PUNCTUATION MARK|&#x2055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x2056;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE PRIME|&#x2057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x2058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x2059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x205a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR DOT MARK|&#x205b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CROSS|&#x205c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRICOLON|&#x205d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL FOUR DOTS|&#x205e;}}||style="background:#b1ff69;font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE|[MM SP]}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a;font-size:75%" !style="background:#ffffff;font-size:133%"|206x |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD JOINER|[WJ]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNCTION APPLICATION|[ƒ( )]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE TIMES|[×]}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE SEPARATOR|[,]}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVISIBLE PLUS|[+]}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE|[LRI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE|[RLI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST STRONG ISOLATE|[FSI]}}||style="background:#84c4ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE|[PDI]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[I S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING|[A S S]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[I AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING|[A AFS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NA DS]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES|[NO DS]}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Superscripts and Subscripts''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|207x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT ZERO|&#x2070;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x2071;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FOUR|&#x2074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT FIVE|&#x2075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SIX|&#x2076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN|&#x2077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT|&#x2078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT NINE|&#x2079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|&#x207a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT MINUS|&#x207b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|&#x207c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|&#x207d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|&#x207e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x207f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|208x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ZERO|&#x2080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT ONE|&#x2081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT TWO|&#x2082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT THREE|&#x2083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FOUR|&#x2084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT FIVE|&#x2085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SIX|&#x2086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT SEVEN|&#x2087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EIGHT|&#x2088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT NINE|&#x2089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT PLUS SIGN|&#x208a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT MINUS|&#x208b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN|&#x208c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS|&#x208d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS|&#x208e;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#7bffe8" !style="background:#ffffff"|209x |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER A|&#x2090;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER E|&#x2091;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER O|&#x2092;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER X|&#x2093;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER SCHWA|&#x2094;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER H|&#x2095;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER K|&#x2096;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER L|&#x2097;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER M|&#x2098;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER N|&#x2099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER P|&#x209a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER S|&#x209b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER T|&#x209c;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Currency Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO-CURRENCY SIGN|&#x20a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON SIGN|&#x20a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CRUZEIRO SIGN|&#x20a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRENCH FRANC SIGN|&#x20a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIRA SIGN|&#x20a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MILL SIGN|&#x20a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAIRA SIGN|&#x20a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PESETA SIGN|&#x20a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUPEE SIGN|&#x20a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WON SIGN|&#x20a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEW SHEQEL SIGN|&#x20aa;}}||style="background:#ffc65d"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DONG SIGN|&#x20ab;}}||style="background:#ffea60"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EURO SIGN|&#x20ac;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KIP SIGN|&#x20ad;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TUGRIK SIGN|&#x20ae;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DRACHMA SIGN|&#x20af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Bx |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GERMAN PENNY SIGN|&#x20b0;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PESO SIGN|&#x20b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GUARANI SIGN|&#x20b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AUSTRAL SIGN|&#x20b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HRYVNIA SIGN|&#x20b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CEDI SIGN|&#x20b5;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIVRE TOURNOIS SIGN|&#x20b6;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPESMILO SIGN|&#x20b7;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TENGE SIGN|&#x20b8;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INDIAN RUPEE SIGN|&#x20b9;}}||style="background:#81deff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURKISH LIRA SIGN|&#x20ba;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORDIC MARK SIGN|&#x20bb;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MANAT SIGN|&#x20bc;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RUBLE SIGN|&#x20bd;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARI SIGN|&#x20be;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BITCOIN SIGN|&#x20bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Cx||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOM SIGN|&#x20c0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT HARPOON ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT HARPOON ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING SHORT VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RING OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING THREE DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE|&nbsp;&#x20dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SQUARE|&nbsp;&#x20de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING DIAMOND|&nbsp;&#x20df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Ex |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE BACKSLASH|&nbsp;&#x20e0;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20e1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING SCREEN|&nbsp;&#x20e2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING KEYCAP|&nbsp;&#x20e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ENCLOSING UPWARD POINTING TRIANGLE|&nbsp;&#x20e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING REVERSE SOLIDUS OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ANNUITY SYMBOL|&nbsp;&#x20e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING TRIPLE UNDERDOT|&nbsp;&#x20e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING WIDE BRIDGE ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS ARROW OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20ea;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LONG DOUBLE SOLIDUS OVERLAY|&nbsp;&#x20eb;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|&nbsp;&#x20ec;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|&nbsp;&#x20ed;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING LEFT ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x20ee;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING RIGHT ARROW BELOW|&nbsp;&#x20ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|20Fx |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING ASTERISK ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x20f0;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Letterlike Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|210x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ACCOUNT OF|&#x2100;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADDRESSED TO THE SUBJECT|&#x2101;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL C|&#x2102;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE CELSIUS|&#x2103;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CENTRE LINE SYMBOL|&#x2104;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CARE OF|&#x2105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADA UNA|&#x2106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EULER CONSTANT|&#x2107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRUPLE|&#x2108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DEGREE FAHRENHEIT|&#x2109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL G|&#x210a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL H|&#x210b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL H|&#x210c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL H|&#x210d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT|&#x210e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLANCK CONSTANT OVER TWO PI|&#x210f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|211x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL I|&#x2110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL I|&#x2111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL L|&#x2112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL L|&#x2113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|L B BAR SYMBOL|&#x2114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL N|&#x2115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMERO SIGN|&#x2116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUND RECORDING COPYRIGHT|&#x2117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEIERSTRASS ELLIPTIC FUNCTION|&#x2118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL P|&#x2119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Q|&#x211a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL R|&#x211b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R|&#x211c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL R|&#x211d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRESCRIPTION TAKE|&#x211e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESPONSE|&#x211f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|212x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SERVICE MARK|&#x2120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE SIGN|&#x2121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRADE MARK SIGN|&#x2122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERSICLE|&#x2123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Z|&#x2124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUNCE SIGN|&#x2125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OHM SIGN|&#x2126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED OHM SIGN|&#x2127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL Z|&#x2128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA|&#x2129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KELVIN SIGN|&#x212a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGSTROM SIGN|&#x212b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL B|&#x212c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL C|&#x212d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATED SYMBOL|&#x212e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL E|&#x212f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|213x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL E|&#x2130;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL F|&#x2131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED CAPITAL F|&#x2132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT CAPITAL M|&#x2133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCRIPT SMALL O|&#x2134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEF SYMBOL|&#x2135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BET SYMBOL|&#x2136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GIMEL SYMBOL|&#x2137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DALET SYMBOL|&#x2138;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INFORMATION SOURCE|&#x2139;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED CAPITAL Q|&#x213a;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FACSIMILE SIGN|&#x213b;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL PI|&#x213c;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL GAMMA|&#x213d;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL GAMMA|&#x213e;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL PI|&#x213f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|214x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK N-ARY SUMMATION|&#x2140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL G|&#x2141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|&#x2142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL L|&#x2143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SANS-SERIF CAPITAL Y|&#x2144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC CAPITAL D|&#x2145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL D|&#x2146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL E|&#x2147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL I|&#x2148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL J|&#x2149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPERTY LINE|&#x214a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED AMPERSAND|&#x214b;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PER SIGN|&#x214c;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|AKTIESELSKAB|&#x214d;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SMALL F|&#x214e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SAMARITAN SOURCE|&#x214f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Number Forms''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|215x |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SEVENTH|&#x2150;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE NINTH|&#x2151;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE TENTH|&#x2152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE THIRD|&#x2153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO THIRDS|&#x2154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH|&#x2155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION TWO FIFTHS|&#x2156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE FIFTHS|&#x2157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FOUR FIFTHS|&#x2158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE SIXTH|&#x2159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE SIXTHS|&#x215a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ONE EIGHTH|&#x215b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS|&#x215c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS|&#x215d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS|&#x215e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRACTION NUMERATOR ONE|&#x215f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|216x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|&#x2160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|&#x2161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|&#x2162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|&#x2163;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|&#x2164;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|&#x2165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|&#x2166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|&#x2167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|&#x2168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|&#x2169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|&#x216a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|&#x216b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|&#x216c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|&#x216d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|&#x216e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|&#x216f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|217x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE|&#x2170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWO|&#x2171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL THREE|&#x2172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR|&#x2173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE|&#x2174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SIX|&#x2175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN|&#x2176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT|&#x2177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL NINE|&#x2178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TEN|&#x2179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN|&#x217a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE|&#x217b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY|&#x217c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED|&#x217d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED|&#x217e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND|&#x217f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|218x |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND C D|&#x2180;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE THOUSAND|&#x2181;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL TEN THOUSAND|&#x2182;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED|&#x2183;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED C|&#x2184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL SIX LATE FORM|&#x2185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY EARLY FORM|&#x2186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY THOUSAND|&#x2187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND|&#x2188;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VULGAR FRACTION ZERO THIRDS|&#x2189;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT TWO|&#x218a;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DIGIT THREE|&#x218b;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Arrows''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|219x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW|&#x2191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x2193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW|&#x2194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW|&#x2195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW|&#x2196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x2197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x2198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW|&#x2199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x219a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x219b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WAVE ARROW|&#x219c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WAVE ARROW|&#x219d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|&#x219e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|&#x219f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|&#x21a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW|&#x21a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|&#x21a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL|&#x21a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x21a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x21a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x21a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x21a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN ARROW WITH BASE|&#x21a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x21a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x21aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|&#x21ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP|&#x21ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WAVE ARROW|&#x21ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x21ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|&#x21af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|&#x21b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|&#x21b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS|&#x21b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS|&#x21b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER DOWNWARDS|&#x21b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER LEFTWARDS|&#x21b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|&#x21b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW|&#x21b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO LONG BAR|&#x21b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|&#x21b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|&#x21ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|&#x21bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|&#x21bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|&#x21bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|&#x21be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|&#x21bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS|&#x21c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS|&#x21c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS|&#x21c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS|&#x21c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x21c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x21c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x21c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|&#x21c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|&#x21c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|&#x21c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS PAIRED ARROWS|&#x21ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON OVER RIGHTWARDS HARPOON|&#x21cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON OVER LEFTWARDS HARPOON|&#x21cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x21cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x21ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE|&#x21cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|&#x21da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|&#x21db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|&#x21dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|&#x21dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x21de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x21df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DASHED ARROW|&#x21e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS DASHED ARROW|&#x21e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DASHED ARROW|&#x21e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS DASHED ARROW|&#x21e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|&#x21e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR|&#x21e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW|&#x21e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW|&#x21e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW|&#x21e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS WHITE ARROW|&#x21e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR|&#x21ea;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|&#x21eb;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&#x21ec;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH VERTICAL BAR|&#x21ed;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW|&#x21ee;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW ON PEDESTAL|&#x21ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|21Fx |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM WALL|&#x21f0;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW TO CORNER|&#x21f1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW TO CORNER|&#x21f2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN WHITE ARROW|&#x21f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|&#x21f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS ARROW|&#x21f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE RIGHTWARDS ARROWS|&#x21f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x21fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|&#x21fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS OPEN-HEADED ARROW|&#x21fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT OPEN-HEADED ARROW|&#x21ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Mathematical Operators''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|220x |{{H:title|dotted=no|FOR ALL|&#x2200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPLEMENT|&#x2201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL|&#x2202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE EXISTS|&#x2203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERE DOES NOT EXIST|&#x2204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET|&#x2205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREMENT|&#x2206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NABLA|&#x2207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF|&#x2208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT AN ELEMENT OF|&#x2209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF|&#x220a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS MEMBER|&#x220b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS MEMBER|&#x220c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS AS MEMBER|&#x220d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|END OF PROOF|&#x220e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY PRODUCT|&#x220f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|221x |{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY COPRODUCT|&#x2210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SUMMATION|&#x2211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN|&#x2212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS-OR-PLUS SIGN|&#x2213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT PLUS|&#x2214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION SLASH|&#x2215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SET MINUS|&#x2216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTERISK OPERATOR|&#x2217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING OPERATOR|&#x2218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLET OPERATOR|&#x2219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ROOT|&#x221a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUBE ROOT|&#x221b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOURTH ROOT|&#x221c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTIONAL TO|&#x221d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY|&#x221e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE|&#x221f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|222x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE|&#x2220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE|&#x2221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE|&#x2222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVIDES|&#x2223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE|&#x2224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL TO|&#x2225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT PARALLEL TO|&#x2226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND|&#x2227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR|&#x2228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION|&#x2229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION|&#x222a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL|&#x222b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTEGRAL|&#x222c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE INTEGRAL|&#x222d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTOUR INTEGRAL|&#x222e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SURFACE INTEGRAL|&#x222f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|223x |{{H:title|dotted=no|VOLUME INTEGRAL|&#x2230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE INTEGRAL|&#x2231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|&#x2232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL|&#x2233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THEREFORE|&#x2234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BECAUSE|&#x2235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RATIO|&#x2236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROPORTION|&#x2237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT MINUS|&#x2238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EXCESS|&#x2239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRIC PROPORTION|&#x223a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOMOTHETIC|&#x223b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR|&#x223c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE|&#x223d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LAZY S|&#x223e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SINE WAVE|&#x223f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|224x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WREATH PRODUCT|&#x2240;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TILDE|&#x2241;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS TILDE|&#x2242;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|&#x2243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ASYMPTOTICALLY EQUAL TO|&#x2244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|&#x2245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY BUT NOT ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|&#x2246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER APPROXIMATELY NOR ACTUALLY EQUAL TO|&#x2247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2248;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2249;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|&#x224a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE TILDE|&#x224b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL EQUAL TO|&#x224c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT TO|&#x224d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUIVALENT TO|&#x224e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIFFERENCE BETWEEN|&#x224f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|225x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROACHES THE LIMIT|&#x2250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEOMETRICALLY EQUAL TO|&#x2251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO OR THE IMAGE OF|&#x2252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF OR APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO|&#x2253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COLON EQUALS|&#x2254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS COLON|&#x2255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING IN EQUAL TO|&#x2256;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RING EQUAL TO|&#x2257;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CORRESPONDS TO|&#x2258;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ESTIMATES|&#x2259;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIANGULAR TO|&#x225a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR EQUALS|&#x225b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DELTA EQUAL TO|&#x225c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO BY DEFINITION|&#x225d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED BY|&#x225e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUESTIONED EQUAL TO|&#x225f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|226x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO|&#x2261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT IDENTICAL TO|&#x2262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRICTLY EQUIVALENT TO|&#x2263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|&#x2266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVER EQUAL TO|&#x2267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH LESS-THAN|&#x226a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUCH GREATER-THAN|&#x226b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BETWEEN|&#x226c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT EQUIVALENT TO|&#x226d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT LESS-THAN|&#x226e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT GREATER-THAN|&#x226f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|227x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|&#x2270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUAL TO|&#x2271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x2272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x2273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x2274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x2275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR GREATER-THAN|&#x2276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR LESS-THAN|&#x2277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER LESS-THAN NOR GREATER-THAN|&#x2278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER GREATER-THAN NOR LESS-THAN|&#x2279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES|&#x227a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS|&#x227b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUAL TO|&#x227c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUAL TO|&#x227d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES OR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x227e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS OR EQUIVALENT TO|&#x227f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|228x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE|&#x2280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED|&#x2281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF|&#x2282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF|&#x2283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUBSET OF|&#x2284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT A SUPERSET OF|&#x2285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x2286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x2287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUBSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|&#x2288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEITHER A SUPERSET OF NOR EQUAL TO|&#x2289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|&#x228a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO|&#x228b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET|&#x228c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET MULTIPLICATION|&#x228d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTISET UNION|&#x228e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF|&#x228f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|229x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF|&#x2290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x2291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x2292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CAP|&#x2293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CUP|&#x2294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PLUS|&#x2295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MINUS|&#x2296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TIMES|&#x2297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SLASH|&#x2298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|&#x2299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED RING OPERATOR|&#x229a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ASTERISK OPERATOR|&#x229b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED EQUALS|&#x229c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DASH|&#x229d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED PLUS|&#x229e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED MINUS|&#x229f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED TIMES|&#x22a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED DOT OPERATOR|&#x22a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TACK|&#x22a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TACK|&#x22a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK|&#x22a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK|&#x22a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASSERTION|&#x22a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODELS|&#x22a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE|&#x22a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORCES|&#x22a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR RIGHT TURNSTILE|&#x22aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|&#x22ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PROVE|&#x22ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT TRUE|&#x22ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT FORCE|&#x22ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATED DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|&#x22af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES UNDER RELATION|&#x22b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS UNDER RELATION|&#x22b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|&#x22b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|&#x22b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x22b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL TO|&#x22b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORIGINAL OF|&#x22b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IMAGE OF|&#x22b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIMAP|&#x22b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HERMITIAN CONJUGATE MATRIX|&#x22b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERCALATE|&#x22ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|XOR|&#x22bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NAND|&#x22bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOR|&#x22bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH ARC|&#x22be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x22bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL AND|&#x22c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY LOGICAL OR|&#x22c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY INTERSECTION|&#x22c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION|&#x22c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND OPERATOR|&#x22c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOT OPERATOR|&#x22c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OPERATOR|&#x22c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVISION TIMES|&#x22c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE|&#x22c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|&#x22c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT NORMAL FACTOR SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|&#x22ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|&#x22cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT|&#x22cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED TILDE EQUALS|&#x22cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL OR|&#x22ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOGICAL AND|&#x22cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUBSET|&#x22d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUPERSET|&#x22d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE INTERSECTION|&#x22d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UNION|&#x22d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK|&#x22d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL AND PARALLEL TO|&#x22d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH DOT|&#x22d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH DOT|&#x22d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH LESS-THAN|&#x22d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERY MUCH GREATER-THAN|&#x22d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|&#x22da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|&#x22db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|&#x22dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|&#x22dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR PRECEDES|&#x22de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUAL TO OR SUCCEEDS|&#x22df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT PRECEDE OR EQUAL|&#x22e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT SUCCEED OR EQUAL|&#x22e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE IMAGE OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x22e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x22e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IMAGE OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|&#x22e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ORIGINAL OF OR NOT EQUAL TO|&#x22e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|&#x22e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|&#x22e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|&#x22e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS BUT NOT EQUIVALENT TO|&#x22e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF|&#x22ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP|&#x22eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT NORMAL SUBGROUP OF OR EQUAL TO|&#x22ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT CONTAIN AS NORMAL SUBGROUP OR EQUAL|&#x22ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ELLIPSIS|&#x22ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MIDLINE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS|&#x22ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|22Fx |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UP RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|&#x22f0;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN RIGHT DIAGONAL ELLIPSIS|&#x22f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x22f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|&#x22f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL ELEMENT OF WITH OVERBAR|&#x22f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH UNDERBAR|&#x22f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES|&#x22f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH LONG HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH VERTICAL BAR AT END OF HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x22fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|&#x22fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL CONTAINS WITH OVERBAR|&#x22fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION BAG MEMBERSHIP|&#x22ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Technical''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|230x |style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMETER SIGN|&#x2300;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRIC ARROW|&#x2301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOUSE|&#x2302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD|&#x2303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN ARROWHEAD|&#x2304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROJECTIVE|&#x2305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSPECTIVE|&#x2306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVY LINE|&#x2307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CEILING|&#x2308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CEILING|&#x2309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FLOOR|&#x230a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FLOOR|&#x230b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CROP|&#x230c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CROP|&#x230d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CROP|&#x230e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CROP|&#x230f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|231x |{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED NOT SIGN|&#x2310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LOZENGE|&#x2311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARC|&#x2312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEGMENT|&#x2313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SECTOR|&#x2314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE RECORDER|&#x2315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSITION INDICATOR|&#x2316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIEWDATA SQUARE|&#x2317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLACE OF INTEREST SIGN|&#x2318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED NOT SIGN|&#x2319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WATCH|&#x231a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS|&#x231b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT CORNER|&#x231c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT CORNER|&#x231d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT CORNER|&#x231e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER|&#x231f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|232x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF INTEGRAL|&#x2320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL|&#x2321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FROWN|&#x2322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMILE|&#x2323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD BETWEEN TWO HORIZONTAL BARS|&#x2324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPTION KEY|&#x2325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE RIGHT|&#x2326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|X IN A RECTANGLE BOX|&#x2327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KEYBOARD|&#x2328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|&#x2329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET|&#x232a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERASE TO THE LEFT|&#x232b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING|&#x232c;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CYLINDRICITY|&#x232d;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALL AROUND-PROFILE|&#x232e;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMMETRY|&#x232f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|233x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOTAL RUNOUT|&#x2330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIMENSION ORIGIN|&#x2331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONICAL TAPER|&#x2332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPE|&#x2333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERBORE|&#x2334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COUNTERSINK|&#x2335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL I-BEAM|&#x2336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SQUISH QUAD|&#x2337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD EQUAL|&#x2338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIVIDE|&#x2339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DIAMOND|&#x233a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD JOT|&#x233b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD CIRCLE|&#x233c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STILE|&#x233d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE JOT|&#x233e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SLASH BAR|&#x233f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|234x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL BACKSLASH BAR|&#x2340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD SLASH|&#x2341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD BACKSLASH|&#x2342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LESS-THAN|&#x2343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD GREATER-THAN|&#x2344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFTWARDS VANE|&#x2345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RIGHTWARDS VANE|&#x2346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE BACKSLASH|&#x2349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK UNDERBAR|&#x234a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA STILE|&#x234b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWN CARET|&#x234c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DELTA|&#x234d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN TACK JOT|&#x234e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UPWARDS VANE|&#x234f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|235x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UPWARDS ARROW|&#x2350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK OVERBAR|&#x2351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL STILE|&#x2352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD UP CARET|&#x2353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DEL|&#x2354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK JOT|&#x2355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWNWARDS VANE|&#x2356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x2357;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE UNDERBAR|&#x2358;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DELTA UNDERBAR|&#x2359;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DIAMOND UNDERBAR|&#x235a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT UNDERBAR|&#x235b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE UNDERBAR|&#x235c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP SHOE JOT|&#x235d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUOTE QUAD|&#x235e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE STAR|&#x235f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|236x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD COLON|&#x2360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP TACK DIAERESIS|&#x2361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL DIAERESIS|&#x2362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STAR DIAERESIS|&#x2363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL JOT DIAERESIS|&#x2364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL CIRCLE DIAERESIS|&#x2365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN SHOE STILE|&#x2366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL LEFT SHOE STILE|&#x2367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL TILDE DIAERESIS|&#x2368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL GREATER-THAN DIAERESIS|&#x2369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL COMMA BAR|&#x236a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DEL TILDE|&#x236b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ZILDE|&#x236c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL STILE TILDE|&#x236d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL SEMICOLON UNDERBAR|&#x236e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD NOT EQUAL|&#x236f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|237x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD QUESTION|&#x2370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL DOWN CARET TILDE|&#x2371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL UP CARET TILDE|&#x2372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA|&#x2373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL RHO|&#x2374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA|&#x2375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA UNDERBAR|&#x2376;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL EPSILON UNDERBAR|&#x2377;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA UNDERBAR|&#x2378;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL OMEGA UNDERBAR|&#x2379;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA|&#x237a;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NOT CHECK MARK|&#x237b;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW|&#x237c;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHOULDERED OPEN BOX|&#x237d;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BELL SYMBOL|&#x237e;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH MIDDLE DOT|&#x237f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|238x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INSERTION SYMBOL|&#x2380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|&#x2381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISCONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL|&#x2382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPHASIS SYMBOL|&#x2383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMPOSITION SYMBOL|&#x2384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH CENTRE VERTICAL LINE|&#x2385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENTER SYMBOL|&#x2386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATIVE KEY SYMBOL|&#x2387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELM SYMBOL|&#x2388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HORIZONTAL BAR WITH NOTCH|&#x2389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TRIANGLE DOWN|&#x238a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BROKEN CIRCLE WITH NORTHWEST ARROW|&#x238b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNDO SYMBOL|&#x238c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOSTABLE SYMBOL|&#x238d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYSTERESIS SYMBOL|&#x238e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT H-TYPE SYMBOL|&#x238f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff;height:58px"|239x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT L-TYPE SYMBOL|&#x2390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-DOWN-OUTPUT SYMBOL|&#x2391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSIVE-PULL-UP-OUTPUT SYMBOL|&#x2392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIRECT CURRENT SYMBOL FORM TWO|&#x2393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOFTWARE-FUNCTION SYMBOL|&#x2394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD|&#x2395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL SEPARATOR KEY SYMBOL|&#x2396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PREVIOUS PAGE|&#x2397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEXT PAGE|&#x2398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRINT SCREEN SYMBOL|&#x2399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLEAR SCREEN SYMBOL|&#x239a;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|&#x239b;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|&#x239c;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|&#x239d;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS UPPER HOOK|&#x239e;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS EXTENSION|&#x239f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff;height:58px"|23Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT PARENTHESIS LOWER HOOK|&#x23a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|&#x23a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|&#x23a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|&#x23a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET UPPER CORNER|&#x23a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET EXTENSION|&#x23a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET LOWER CORNER|&#x23a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|&#x23a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|&#x23a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|&#x23a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY BRACKET EXTENSION|&#x23aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET UPPER HOOK|&#x23ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET MIDDLE PIECE|&#x23ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET LOWER HOOK|&#x23ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL EXTENSION|&#x23ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL LINE EXTENSION|&#x23af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|23Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT OR LOWER RIGHT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|&#x23b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT OR LOWER LEFT CURLY BRACKET SECTION|&#x23b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION TOP|&#x23b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION BOTTOM|&#x23b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP SQUARE BRACKET|&#x23b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET|&#x23b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM SQUARE BRACKET OVER TOP SQUARE BRACKET|&#x23b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADICAL SYMBOL BOTTOM|&#x23b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BOX LINE|&#x23b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BOX LINE|&#x23b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-1|&#x23ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-3|&#x23bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-7|&#x23bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL SCAN LINE-9|&#x23bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP RIGHT|&#x23be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM RIGHT|&#x23bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|23Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH CIRCLE|&#x23c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|&#x23c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH CIRCLE|&#x23c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL WITH TRIANGLE|&#x23c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|&#x23c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH TRIANGLE|&#x23c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND WAVE|&#x23c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|&#x23c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL WITH WAVE|&#x23c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|&#x23c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|&#x23ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND TOP LEFT|&#x23cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DENTISTRY SYMBOL LIGHT VERTICAL AND BOTTOM LEFT|&#x23cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOOT|&#x23cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN SYMBOL|&#x23ce;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EJECT SYMBOL|&#x23cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|23Dx |style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE EXTENSION|&#x23d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL BREVE|&#x23d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER SHORT|&#x23d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL SHORT OVER LONG|&#x23d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL LONG OVER TWO SHORTS|&#x23d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS OVER LONG|&#x23d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TWO SHORTS JOINED|&#x23d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TRISEME|&#x23d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL TETRASEME|&#x23d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|METRICAL PENTASEME|&#x23d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH GROUND|&#x23da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUSE|&#x23db;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP PARENTHESIS|&#x23dc;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM PARENTHESIS|&#x23dd;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP CURLY BRACKET|&#x23de;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM CURLY BRACKET|&#x23df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|23Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x23e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x23e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRAPEZIUM|&#x23e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENZENE RING WITH CIRCLE|&#x23e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRAIGHTNESS|&#x23e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLATNESS|&#x23e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AC CURRENT|&#x23e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELECTRICAL INTERSECTION|&#x23e7;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DECIMAL EXPONENT SYMBOL|&#x23e8;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|&#x23e9;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|&#x23ea;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|&#x23eb;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE|&#x23ec;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|&#x23ed;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE TRIANGLE WITH VERTICAL BAR|&#x23ee;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|&#x23ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|23Fx |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ALARM CLOCK|&#x23f0;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STOPWATCH|&#x23f1;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMER CLOCK|&#x23f2;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOURGLASS WITH FLOWING SAND|&#x23f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x23f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x23f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x23f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x23f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR|&#x23f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE FOR STOP|&#x23f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE FOR RECORD|&#x23fa;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SYMBOL|&#x23fb;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON-OFF SYMBOL|&#x23fc;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER ON SYMBOL|&#x23fd;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|POWER SLEEP SYMBOL|&#x23fe;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OBSERVER EYE SYMBOL|&#x23ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Control Pictures''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|240x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NULL|&#x2400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF HEADING|&#x2401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR START OF TEXT|&#x2402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TEXT|&#x2403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION|&#x2404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ENQUIRY|&#x2405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ACKNOWLEDGE|&#x2406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BELL|&#x2407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR BACKSPACE|&#x2408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION|&#x2409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR LINE FEED|&#x240a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR VERTICAL TABULATION|&#x240b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FORM FEED|&#x240c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CARRIAGE RETURN|&#x240d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT OUT|&#x240e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SHIFT IN|&#x240f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|241x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DATA LINK ESCAPE|&#x2410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL ONE|&#x2411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL TWO|&#x2412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL THREE|&#x2413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL FOUR|&#x2414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE|&#x2415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SYNCHRONOUS IDLE|&#x2416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK|&#x2417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR CANCEL|&#x2418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR END OF MEDIUM|&#x2419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE|&#x241a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR ESCAPE|&#x241b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR FILE SEPARATOR|&#x241c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR GROUP SEPARATOR|&#x241d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR RECORD SEPARATOR|&#x241e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR UNIT SEPARATOR|&#x241f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|242x |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SPACE|&#x2420;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE|&#x2421;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLANK SYMBOL|&#x2422;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN BOX|&#x2423;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR NEWLINE|&#x2424;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE FORM TWO|&#x2425;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE FORM TWO|&#x2426;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE SQUARE CHECKERBOARD FORM|&#x2427;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE RECTANGULAR CHECKERBOARD FORM|&#x2428;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR DELETE MEDIUM SHADE FORM|&#x2429;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|243x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Optical Character Recognition''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|244x |{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR HOOK|&#x2440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR CHAIR|&#x2441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR FORK|&#x2442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR INVERTED FORK|&#x2443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BELT BUCKLE|&#x2444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BOW TIE|&#x2445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR BRANCH BANK IDENTIFICATION|&#x2446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR AMOUNT OF CHECK|&#x2447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR DASH|&#x2448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR CUSTOMER ACCOUNT NUMBER|&#x2449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OCR DOUBLE BACKSLASH|&#x244a;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|245x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed Alphanumerics''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|246x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|&#x2460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|&#x2461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|&#x2462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|&#x2463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|&#x2464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|&#x2465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x2466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x2467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|&#x2468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|&#x2469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x246a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|&#x246b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x246c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x246d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x246e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x246f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|247x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x2470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x2471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x2472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|&#x2473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT ONE|&#x2474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT TWO|&#x2475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT THREE|&#x2476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FOUR|&#x2477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FIVE|&#x2478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SIX|&#x2479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x247a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x247b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT NINE|&#x247c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TEN|&#x247d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x247e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWELVE|&#x247f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|248x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x2480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x2481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x2482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x2483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x2484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x2485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x2486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWENTY|&#x2487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT ONE FULL STOP|&#x2488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT TWO FULL STOP|&#x2489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT THREE FULL STOP|&#x248a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FOUR FULL STOP|&#x248b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT FIVE FULL STOP|&#x248c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SIX FULL STOP|&#x248d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT SEVEN FULL STOP|&#x248e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT EIGHT FULL STOP|&#x248f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|249x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGIT NINE FULL STOP|&#x2490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TEN FULL STOP|&#x2491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER ELEVEN FULL STOP|&#x2492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWELVE FULL STOP|&#x2493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER THIRTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FOURTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER FIFTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SIXTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER SEVENTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER EIGHTEEN FULL STOP|&#x2499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER NINETEEN FULL STOP|&#x249a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NUMBER TWENTY FULL STOP|&#x249b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&#x249c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|&#x249d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&#x249e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x249f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&#x24a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|&#x24a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|&#x24a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&#x24a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x24a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|&#x24a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|&#x24a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|&#x24a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&#x24a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x24a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&#x24aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|&#x24ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|&#x24ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&#x24ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|&#x24ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x24af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x24b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x24b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x24b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x24b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x24b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x24b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x24b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x24b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x24b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x24b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x24ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x24bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x24bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x24bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x24be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x24bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x24c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x24c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x24c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x24c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x24c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x24c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x24c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x24c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S|&#x24c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x24c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x24ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x24cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x24cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x24cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x24ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x24cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&#x24d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|&#x24d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&#x24d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x24d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&#x24d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|&#x24d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|&#x24d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&#x24d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x24d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|&#x24d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|&#x24da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|&#x24db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&#x24dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x24dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&#x24de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|&#x24df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|&#x24e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&#x24e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|&#x24e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x24e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x24e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x24e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x24e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x24e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x24e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x24e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|&#x24ea;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x24eb;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|&#x24ec;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x24ed;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x24ee;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x24ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|24Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x24f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x24f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x24f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x24f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|&#x24f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|&#x24f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|&#x24f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|&#x24f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|&#x24f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|&#x24f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|&#x24fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x24fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x24fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|&#x24fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|&#x24fe;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO|&#x24ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Box Drawing''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|250x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL|&#x2500;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL|&#x2501;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL|&#x2502;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL|&#x2503;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x2504;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x2505;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x2506;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x2507;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x2508;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x2509;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x250a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x250b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT|&#x250c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|&#x250d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|&#x250e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND RIGHT|&#x250f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|251x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT|&#x2510;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|&#x2511;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|&#x2512;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND LEFT|&#x2513;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT|&#x2514;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|&#x2515;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|&#x2516;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND RIGHT|&#x2517;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT|&#x2518;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|&#x2519;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|&#x251a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LEFT|&#x251b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT|&#x251c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY|&#x251d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|&#x251e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|&#x251f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|252x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT|&#x2520;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|&#x2521;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|&#x2522;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND RIGHT|&#x2523;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT|&#x2524;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY|&#x2525;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|&#x2526;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|&#x2527;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT|&#x2528;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|&#x2529;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|&#x252a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND LEFT|&#x252b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|&#x252c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|&#x252d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|&#x252e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|&#x252f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|253x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|&#x2530;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY|&#x2531;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY|&#x2532;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|&#x2533;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL|&#x2534;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|&#x2535;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|&#x2536;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|&#x2537;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|&#x2538;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY|&#x2539;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY|&#x253a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND HORIZONTAL|&#x253b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|&#x253c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT VERTICAL LIGHT|&#x253d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT VERTICAL LIGHT|&#x253e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY|&#x253f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|254x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND DOWN HORIZONTAL LIGHT|&#x2540;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND UP HORIZONTAL LIGHT|&#x2541;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT|&#x2542;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT|&#x2543;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT|&#x2544;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT|&#x2545;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT|&#x2546;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND UP HORIZONTAL HEAVY|&#x2547;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND DOWN HORIZONTAL HEAVY|&#x2548;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT VERTICAL HEAVY|&#x2549;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT VERTICAL HEAVY|&#x254a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|&#x254b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x254c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL|&#x254d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x254e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOUBLE DASH VERTICAL|&#x254f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|255x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL|&#x2550;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL|&#x2551;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|&#x2552;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|&#x2553;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT|&#x2554;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|&#x2555;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|&#x2556;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT|&#x2557;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|&#x2558;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|&#x2559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND RIGHT|&#x255a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|&#x255b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|&#x255c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND LEFT|&#x255d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE|&#x255e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE|&#x255f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|256x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT|&#x2560;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE|&#x2561;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE|&#x2562;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT|&#x2563;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|&#x2564;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|&#x2565;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL|&#x2566;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|&#x2567;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|&#x2568;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL|&#x2569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE|&#x256a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE|&#x256b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL|&#x256c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND RIGHT|&#x256d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND LEFT|&#x256e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT|&#x256f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|257x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT|&#x2570;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT|&#x2571;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT|&#x2572;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS|&#x2573;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT|&#x2574;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP|&#x2575;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT RIGHT|&#x2576;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN|&#x2577;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT|&#x2578;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP|&#x2579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY RIGHT|&#x257a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN|&#x257b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT AND HEAVY RIGHT|&#x257c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HEAVY DOWN|&#x257d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT AND LIGHT RIGHT|&#x257e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LIGHT DOWN|&#x257f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Block Elements''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|258x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF BLOCK|&#x2580;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x2581;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x2582;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x2583;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF BLOCK|&#x2584;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x2585;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|&#x2586;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x2587;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL BLOCK|&#x2588;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SEVEN EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x2589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE QUARTERS BLOCK|&#x258a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x258b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLOCK|&#x258c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK|&#x258d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE QUARTER BLOCK|&#x258e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x258f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|259x |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLOCK|&#x2590;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT SHADE|&#x2591;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SHADE|&#x2592;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DARK SHADE|&#x2593;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x2594;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK|&#x2595;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER LEFT|&#x2596;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT LOWER RIGHT|&#x2597;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT|&#x2598;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|&#x2599;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|&#x259a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|&#x259b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER LEFT AND UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER RIGHT|&#x259c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT|&#x259d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT|&#x259e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRANT UPPER RIGHT AND LOWER LEFT AND LOWER RIGHT|&#x259f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Geometric Shapes''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE|&#x25a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE|&#x25a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS|&#x25a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE CONTAINING BLACK SMALL SQUARE|&#x25a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH HORIZONTAL FILL|&#x25a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH VERTICAL FILL|&#x25a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH ORTHOGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|&#x25a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT FILL|&#x25a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT FILL|&#x25a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH DIAGONAL CROSSHATCH FILL|&#x25a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL SQUARE|&#x25aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL SQUARE|&#x25ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RECTANGLE|&#x25ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RECTANGLE|&#x25ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL RECTANGLE|&#x25ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL RECTANGLE|&#x25af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PARALLELOGRAM|&#x25b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PARALLELOGRAM|&#x25b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|&#x25ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING POINTER|&#x25bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x25c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE|&#x25c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT-POINTING POINTER|&#x25c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT-POINTING POINTER|&#x25c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND|&#x25c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND|&#x25c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND CONTAINING BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|&#x25c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FISHEYE|&#x25c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE|&#x25ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE|&#x25cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED CIRCLE|&#x25cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH VERTICAL FILL|&#x25cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BULLSEYE|&#x25ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE|&#x25cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x25d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x25d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH LOWER HALF BLACK|&#x25d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER HALF BLACK|&#x25d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT BLACK|&#x25d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH ALL BUT UPPER LEFT QUADRANT BLACK|&#x25d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x25d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x25d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE BULLET|&#x25d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|&#x25d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|&#x25da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF INVERSE WHITE CIRCLE|&#x25db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|&#x25dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|&#x25dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|&#x25de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT QUADRANT CIRCULAR ARC|&#x25df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER HALF CIRCLE|&#x25e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER HALF CIRCLE|&#x25e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x25e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|&#x25e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|&#x25e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x25e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE BULLET|&#x25e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x25e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x25e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|&#x25e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|&#x25ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH VERTICAL BISECTING LINE|&#x25eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH DOT|&#x25ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x25ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x25ee;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE CIRCLE|&#x25ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|25Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|&#x25f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|&#x25f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|&#x25f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|&#x25f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER LEFT QUADRANT|&#x25f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER LEFT QUADRANT|&#x25f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT|&#x25f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT|&#x25f7;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT TRIANGLE|&#x25f8;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x25f9;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT TRIANGLE|&#x25fa;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SQUARE|&#x25fb;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SQUARE|&#x25fc;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|&#x25fd;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM SMALL SQUARE|&#x25fe;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x25ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|260x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SUN WITH RAYS|&#x2600;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOUD|&#x2601;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA|&#x2602;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN|&#x2603;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMET|&#x2604;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK STAR|&#x2605;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE STAR|&#x2606;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHTNING|&#x2607;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDERSTORM|&#x2608;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN|&#x2609;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASCENDING NODE|&#x260a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DESCENDING NODE|&#x260b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONJUNCTION|&#x260c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPPOSITION|&#x260d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TELEPHONE|&#x260e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TELEPHONE|&#x260f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|261x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX|&#x2610;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH CHECK|&#x2611;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH X|&#x2612;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SALTIRE|&#x2613;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA WITH RAIN DROPS|&#x2614;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT BEVERAGE|&#x2615;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SHOGI PIECE|&#x2616;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SHOGI PIECE|&#x2617;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHAMROCK|&#x2618;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|&#x2619;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX|&#x261a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX|&#x261b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT POINTING INDEX|&#x261c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE UP POINTING INDEX|&#x261d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX|&#x261e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DOWN POINTING INDEX|&#x261f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|262x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SKULL AND CROSSBONES|&#x2620;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAUTION SIGN|&#x2621;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RADIOACTIVE SIGN|&#x2622;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIOHAZARD SIGN|&#x2623;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CADUCEUS|&#x2624;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANKH|&#x2625;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ORTHODOX CROSS|&#x2626;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHI RHO|&#x2627;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF LORRAINE|&#x2628;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS OF JERUSALEM|&#x2629;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR AND CRESCENT|&#x262a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FARSI SYMBOL|&#x262b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADI SHAKTI|&#x262c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND SICKLE|&#x262d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PEACE SYMBOL|&#x262e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|YIN YANG|&#x262f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|263x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR HEAVEN|&#x2630;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR LAKE|&#x2631;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR FIRE|&#x2632;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR THUNDER|&#x2633;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WIND|&#x2634;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR WATER|&#x2635;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR MOUNTAIN|&#x2636;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIGRAM FOR EARTH|&#x2637;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEEL OF DHARMA|&#x2638;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FROWNING FACE|&#x2639;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMILING FACE|&#x263a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMILING FACE|&#x263b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SUN WITH RAYS|&#x263c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIRST QUARTER MOON|&#x263d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LAST QUARTER MOON|&#x263e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MERCURY|&#x263f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|264x |{{H:title|dotted=no|FEMALE SIGN|&#x2640;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EARTH|&#x2641;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE SIGN|&#x2642;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUPITER|&#x2643;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SATURN|&#x2644;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|URANUS|&#x2645;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE|&#x2646;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO|&#x2647;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARIES|&#x2648;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAURUS|&#x2649;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEMINI|&#x264a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CANCER|&#x264b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEO|&#x264c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VIRGO|&#x264d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIBRA|&#x264e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCORPIUS|&#x264f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|265x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SAGITTARIUS|&#x2650;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPRICORN|&#x2651;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AQUARIUS|&#x2652;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PISCES|&#x2653;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KING|&#x2654;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS QUEEN|&#x2655;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS ROOK|&#x2656;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS BISHOP|&#x2657;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS KNIGHT|&#x2658;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CHESS PAWN|&#x2659;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KING|&#x265a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS QUEEN|&#x265b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS ROOK|&#x265c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS BISHOP|&#x265d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS KNIGHT|&#x265e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CHESS PAWN|&#x265f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|266x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SPADE SUIT|&#x2660;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEART SUIT|&#x2661;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND SUIT|&#x2662;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CLUB SUIT|&#x2663;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SPADE SUIT|&#x2664;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEART SUIT|&#x2665;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND SUIT|&#x2666;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CLUB SUIT|&#x2667;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HOT SPRINGS|&#x2668;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUARTER NOTE|&#x2669;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHTH NOTE|&#x266a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED EIGHTH NOTES|&#x266b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BEAMED SIXTEENTH NOTES|&#x266c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC FLAT SIGN|&#x266d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC NATURAL SIGN|&#x266e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MUSIC SHARP SIGN|&#x266f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|267x |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WEST SYRIAC CROSS|&#x2670;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|EAST SYRIAC CROSS|&#x2671;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|&#x2672;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-1 PLASTICS|&#x2673;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-2 PLASTICS|&#x2674;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-3 PLASTICS|&#x2675;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-4 PLASTICS|&#x2676;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-5 PLASTICS|&#x2677;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-6 PLASTICS|&#x2678;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR TYPE-7 PLASTICS|&#x2679;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLING SYMBOL FOR GENERIC MATERIALS|&#x267a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UNIVERSAL RECYCLING SYMBOL|&#x267b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|&#x267c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTIALLY-RECYCLED PAPER SYMBOL|&#x267d;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PERMANENT PAPER SIGN|&#x267e;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHEELCHAIR SYMBOL|&#x267f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|268x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-1|&#x2680;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-2|&#x2681;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-3|&#x2682;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-4|&#x2683;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-5|&#x2684;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIE FACE-6|&#x2685;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOT RIGHT|&#x2686;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH TWO DOTS|&#x2687;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH WHITE DOT RIGHT|&#x2688;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH TWO WHITE DOTS|&#x2689;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YANG|&#x268a;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MONOGRAM FOR YIN|&#x268b;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YANG|&#x268c;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YIN|&#x268d;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR LESSER YANG|&#x268e;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DIGRAM FOR GREATER YIN|&#x268f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|269x |style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG|&#x2690;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLAG|&#x2691;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HAMMER AND PICK|&#x2692;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANCHOR|&#x2693;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSED SWORDS|&#x2694;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF AESCULAPIUS|&#x2695;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SCALES|&#x2696;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALEMBIC|&#x2697;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLOWER|&#x2698;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR|&#x2699;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAFF OF HERMES|&#x269a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ATOM SYMBOL|&#x269b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLEUR-DE-LIS|&#x269c;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED WHITE STAR|&#x269d;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING RIGHT|&#x269e;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LINES CONVERGING LEFT|&#x269f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Ax |style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WARNING SIGN|&#x26a0;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIGH VOLTAGE SIGN|&#x26a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED FEMALE SIGN|&#x26a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED MALE SIGN|&#x26a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERLOCKED FEMALE AND MALE SIGN|&#x26a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|&#x26a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|&#x26a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MALE WITH STROKE AND MALE AND FEMALE SIGN|&#x26a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|&#x26a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL MALE WITH STROKE SIGN|&#x26a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM WHITE CIRCLE|&#x26aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM BLACK CIRCLE|&#x26ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM SMALL WHITE CIRCLE|&#x26ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MARRIAGE SYMBOL|&#x26ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIVORCE SYMBOL|&#x26ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNMARRIED PARTNERSHIP SYMBOL|&#x26af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Bx |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COFFIN|&#x26b0;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FUNERAL URN|&#x26b1;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEUTER|&#x26b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CERES|&#x26b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PALLAS|&#x26b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JUNO|&#x26b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VESTA|&#x26b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHIRON|&#x26b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MOON LILITH|&#x26b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEXTILE|&#x26b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMISEXTILE|&#x26ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUINCUNX|&#x26bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SESQUIQUADRATE|&#x26bc;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SOCCER BALL|&#x26bd;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BASEBALL|&#x26be;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED KEY|&#x26bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Cx |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS MAN|&#x26c0;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DRAUGHTS KING|&#x26c1;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS MAN|&#x26c2;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DRAUGHTS KING|&#x26c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWMAN WITHOUT SNOW|&#x26c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUN BEHIND CLOUD|&#x26c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAIN|&#x26c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SNOWMAN|&#x26c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THUNDER CLOUD AND RAIN|&#x26c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED WHITE SHOGI PIECE|&#x26c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK SHOGI PIECE|&#x26ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND IN SQUARE|&#x26cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSSING LANES|&#x26cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DISABLED CAR|&#x26cd;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OPHIUCHUS|&#x26ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PICK|&#x26cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CAR SLIDING|&#x26d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HELMET WITH WHITE CROSS|&#x26d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED CROSSING LANES|&#x26d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHAINS|&#x26d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NO ENTRY|&#x26d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALTERNATE ONE-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|&#x26d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|&#x26d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TWO-WAY LEFT WAY TRAFFIC|&#x26d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFT LANE MERGE|&#x26d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LEFT LANE MERGE|&#x26d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRIVE SLOW SIGN|&#x26da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WHITE DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE|&#x26db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CLOSED ENTRY|&#x26dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SALTIRE|&#x26dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL IN WHITE CIRCLE IN BLACK SQUARE|&#x26de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK TRUCK|&#x26df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-1|&#x26e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RESTRICTED LEFT ENTRY-2|&#x26e1;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRONOMICAL SYMBOL FOR URANUS|&#x26e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH STROKE AND TWO DOTS ABOVE|&#x26e3;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PENTAGRAM|&#x26e4;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|&#x26e5;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-HANDED INTERLACED PENTAGRAM|&#x26e6;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED PENTAGRAM|&#x26e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CROSS ON SHIELD|&#x26e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHINTO SHRINE|&#x26e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHURCH|&#x26ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CASTLE|&#x26eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HISTORIC SITE|&#x26ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITHOUT HUB|&#x26ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEAR WITH HANDLES|&#x26ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MAP SYMBOL FOR LIGHTHOUSE|&#x26ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|26Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|MOUNTAIN|&#x26f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UMBRELLA ON GROUND|&#x26f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUNTAIN|&#x26f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FLAG IN HOLE|&#x26f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FERRY|&#x26f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SAILBOAT|&#x26f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FOUR CORNERS|&#x26f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SKIER|&#x26f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ICE SKATE|&#x26f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERSON WITH BALL|&#x26f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TENT|&#x26fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE BANK SYMBOL|&#x26fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEADSTONE GRAVEYARD SYMBOL|&#x26fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FUEL PUMP|&#x26fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CUP ON BLACK SQUARE|&#x26fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLAG WITH HORIZONTAL MIDDLE BLACK STRIPE|&#x26ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Dingbats''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|270x |style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SAFETY SCISSORS|&#x2700;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER BLADE SCISSORS|&#x2701;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SCISSORS|&#x2702;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER BLADE SCISSORS|&#x2703;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SCISSORS|&#x2704;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEAVY CHECK MARK|&#x2705;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TELEPHONE LOCATION SIGN|&#x2706;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TAPE DRIVE|&#x2707;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AIRPLANE|&#x2708;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ENVELOPE|&#x2709;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED FIST|&#x270a;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED HAND|&#x270b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VICTORY HAND|&#x270c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WRITING HAND|&#x270d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT PENCIL|&#x270e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PENCIL|&#x270f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|271x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT PENCIL|&#x2710;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE NIB|&#x2711;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK NIB|&#x2712;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CHECK MARK|&#x2713;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHECK MARK|&#x2714;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION X|&#x2715;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MULTIPLICATION X|&#x2716;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT X|&#x2717;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BALLOT X|&#x2718;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED GREEK CROSS|&#x2719;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY GREEK CROSS|&#x271a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE CROSS|&#x271b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OPEN CENTRE CROSS|&#x271c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CROSS|&#x271d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE LATIN CROSS|&#x271e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED LATIN CROSS|&#x271f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|272x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MALTESE CROSS|&#x2720;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR OF DAVID|&#x2721;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2722;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2723;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2724;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CLUB-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2725;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FOUR POINTED STAR|&#x2726;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED STAR|&#x2727;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLES|&#x2728;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STRESS OUTLINED WHITE STAR|&#x2729;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE STAR|&#x272a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE BLACK STAR|&#x272b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CENTRE WHITE STAR|&#x272c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OUTLINED BLACK STAR|&#x272d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OUTLINED BLACK STAR|&#x272e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PINWHEEL STAR|&#x272f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|273x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE STAR|&#x2730;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ASTERISK|&#x2731;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE ASTERISK|&#x2732;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2733;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x2734;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED PINWHEEL STAR|&#x2735;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x2736;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|&#x2737;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR|&#x2738;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWELVE POINTED BLACK STAR|&#x2739;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIXTEEN POINTED ASTERISK|&#x273a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x273b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN CENTRE TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x273c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x273d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIX PETALLED BLACK AND WHITE FLORETTE|&#x273e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK FLORETTE|&#x273f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|274x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FLORETTE|&#x2740;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT PETALLED OUTLINED BLACK FLORETTE|&#x2741;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED OPEN CENTRE EIGHT POINTED STAR|&#x2742;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED PINWHEEL ASTERISK|&#x2743;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SNOWFLAKE|&#x2744;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIGHT TRIFOLIATE SNOWFLAKE|&#x2745;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CHEVRON SNOWFLAKE|&#x2746;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPARKLE|&#x2747;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SPARKLE|&#x2748;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK|&#x2749;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|&#x274a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK|&#x274b;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS MARK|&#x274c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHADOWED WHITE CIRCLE|&#x274d;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEGATIVE SQUARED CROSS MARK|&#x274e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|&#x274f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|275x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|&#x2750;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|&#x2751;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE|&#x2752;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2753;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE QUESTION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2754;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2755;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND MINUS WHITE X|&#x2756;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK SYMBOL|&#x2757;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT VERTICAL BAR|&#x2758;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM VERTICAL BAR|&#x2759;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY VERTICAL BAR|&#x275a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x275b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x275c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x275d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x275e;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x275f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|276x |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2760;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURVED STEM PARAGRAPH SIGN ORNAMENT|&#x2761;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2762;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY HEART EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x2763;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK HEART|&#x2764;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED HEAVY BLACK HEART BULLET|&#x2765;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|FLORAL HEART|&#x2766;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET|&#x2767;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|&#x2768;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|&#x2769;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED LEFT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|&#x276a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM FLATTENED RIGHT PARENTHESIS ORNAMENT|&#x276b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x276c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x276d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x276e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT|&#x276f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|277x |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2770;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2771;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT LEFT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2772;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2773;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM LEFT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2774;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIUM RIGHT CURLY BRACKET ORNAMENT|&#x2775;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|&#x2776;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|&#x2777;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|&#x2778;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|&#x2779;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|&#x277a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|&#x277b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x277c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x277d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|&#x277e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|&#x277f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|278x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|&#x2780;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|&#x2781;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|&#x2782;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|&#x2783;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|&#x2784;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|&#x2785;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|&#x2786;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|&#x2787;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|&#x2788;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|&#x2789;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE|&#x278a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO|&#x278b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE|&#x278c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR|&#x278d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE|&#x278e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX|&#x278f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|279x |{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN|&#x2790;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT|&#x2791;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE|&#x2792;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN|&#x2793;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2794;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY PLUS SIGN|&#x2795;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY MINUS SIGN|&#x2796;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DIVISION SIGN|&#x2797;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x2798;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2799;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x279a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DRAFTING POINT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x279b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY ROUND-TIPPED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x279c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x279d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x279e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x279f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|&#x27a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D BOTTOM-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|&#x27a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD|&#x27a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUAT BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CONCAVE-POINTED BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACK-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FRONT-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Bx |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CURLY LOOP|&#x27b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NOTCHED UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HEAVY WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x27b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x27b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x27b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x27b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TEARDROP-BARBED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY TEARDROP-SHANKED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN-OUTLINED RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27be;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CURLY LOOP|&#x27bf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE DIMENSIONAL ANGLE|&#x27c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE TRIANGLE CONTAINING SMALL WHITE TRIANGLE|&#x27c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR|&#x27c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUBSET|&#x27c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OPEN SUPERSET|&#x27c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|&#x27c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT S-SHAPED BAG DELIMITER|&#x27c6;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OR WITH DOT INSIDE|&#x27c7;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS PRECEDING SUBSET|&#x27c8;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET PRECEDING SOLIDUS|&#x27c9;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x27ca;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RISING DIAGONAL|&#x27cb;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DIVISION|&#x27cc;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL FALLING DIAGONAL|&#x27cd;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL AND|&#x27ce;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED LOGICAL OR|&#x27cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE DIAMOND WITH CENTRED DOT|&#x27d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AND WITH DOT|&#x27d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING UPWARDS|&#x27d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT CORNER WITH DOT|&#x27d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPPER LEFT CORNER WITH DOT|&#x27d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT OUTER JOIN|&#x27d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT OUTER JOIN|&#x27d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FULL OUTER JOIN|&#x27d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE UP TACK|&#x27d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE DOWN TACK|&#x27d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT DOUBLE TURNSTILE|&#x27da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT AND RIGHT TACK|&#x27db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT MULTIMAP|&#x27dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHT TACK|&#x27dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT TACK|&#x27de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP TACK WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|&#x27df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|LOZENGE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL RULE|&#x27e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND|&#x27e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|&#x27e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|&#x27e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH LEFTWARDS TICK|&#x27e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SQUARE WITH RIGHTWARDS TICK|&#x27e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|&#x27e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|&#x27e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT ANGLE BRACKET|&#x27e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET|&#x27e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|&#x27ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|&#x27eb;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x27ec;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x27ed;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL LEFT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|&#x27ee;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MATHEMATICAL RIGHT FLATTENED PARENTHESIS|&#x27ef;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|27Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|&#x27f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|&#x27f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|&#x27f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE GAPPED CIRCLE ARROW|&#x27f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|&#x27f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x27f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x27f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT ARROW|&#x27f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x27f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW|&#x27f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW|&#x27fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x27fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR|&#x27fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|&#x27fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|&#x27fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|&#x27ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Braille Patterns''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|280x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN BLANK|&#x2800;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1|&#x2801;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2|&#x2802;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12|&#x2803;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3|&#x2804;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13|&#x2805;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23|&#x2806;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123|&#x2807;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4|&#x2808;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14|&#x2809;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24|&#x280a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124|&#x280b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34|&#x280c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134|&#x280d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234|&#x280e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234|&#x280f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|281x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5|&#x2810;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15|&#x2811;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25|&#x2812;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125|&#x2813;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35|&#x2814;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135|&#x2815;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235|&#x2816;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235|&#x2817;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45|&#x2818;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145|&#x2819;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245|&#x281a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245|&#x281b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345|&#x281c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345|&#x281d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345|&#x281e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345|&#x281f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|282x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-6|&#x2820;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-16|&#x2821;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-26|&#x2822;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-126|&#x2823;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-36|&#x2824;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-136|&#x2825;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-236|&#x2826;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1236|&#x2827;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-46|&#x2828;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-146|&#x2829;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-246|&#x282a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1246|&#x282b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-346|&#x282c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1346|&#x282d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2346|&#x282e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12346|&#x282f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|283x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-56|&#x2830;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-156|&#x2831;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-256|&#x2832;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1256|&#x2833;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-356|&#x2834;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1356|&#x2835;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2356|&#x2836;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12356|&#x2837;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-456|&#x2838;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1456|&#x2839;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2456|&#x283a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12456|&#x283b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3456|&#x283c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13456|&#x283d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23456|&#x283e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123456|&#x283f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|284x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-7|&#x2840;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-17|&#x2841;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-27|&#x2842;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-127|&#x2843;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-37|&#x2844;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-137|&#x2845;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-237|&#x2846;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1237|&#x2847;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-47|&#x2848;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-147|&#x2849;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-247|&#x284a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1247|&#x284b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-347|&#x284c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1347|&#x284d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2347|&#x284e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12347|&#x284f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|285x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-57|&#x2850;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-157|&#x2851;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-257|&#x2852;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1257|&#x2853;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-357|&#x2854;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1357|&#x2855;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2357|&#x2856;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12357|&#x2857;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-457|&#x2858;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1457|&#x2859;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2457|&#x285a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12457|&#x285b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3457|&#x285c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13457|&#x285d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23457|&#x285e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123457|&#x285f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|286x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-67|&#x2860;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-167|&#x2861;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-267|&#x2862;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1267|&#x2863;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-367|&#x2864;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1367|&#x2865;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2367|&#x2866;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12367|&#x2867;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-467|&#x2868;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1467|&#x2869;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2467|&#x286a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12467|&#x286b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3467|&#x286c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13467|&#x286d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23467|&#x286e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123467|&#x286f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|287x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-567|&#x2870;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1567|&#x2871;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2567|&#x2872;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12567|&#x2873;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3567|&#x2874;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13567|&#x2875;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23567|&#x2876;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123567|&#x2877;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4567|&#x2878;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14567|&#x2879;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24567|&#x287a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124567|&#x287b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34567|&#x287c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134567|&#x287d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234567|&#x287e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234567|&#x287f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|288x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-8|&#x2880;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-18|&#x2881;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-28|&#x2882;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-128|&#x2883;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-38|&#x2884;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-138|&#x2885;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-238|&#x2886;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1238|&#x2887;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-48|&#x2888;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-148|&#x2889;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-248|&#x288a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1248|&#x288b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-348|&#x288c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1348|&#x288d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2348|&#x288e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12348|&#x288f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|289x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-58|&#x2890;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-158|&#x2891;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-258|&#x2892;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1258|&#x2893;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-358|&#x2894;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1358|&#x2895;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2358|&#x2896;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12358|&#x2897;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-458|&#x2898;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1458|&#x2899;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2458|&#x289a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12458|&#x289b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3458|&#x289c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13458|&#x289d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23458|&#x289e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123458|&#x289f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-68|&#x28a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-168|&#x28a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-268|&#x28a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1268|&#x28a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-368|&#x28a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1368|&#x28a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2368|&#x28a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12368|&#x28a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-468|&#x28a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1468|&#x28a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2468|&#x28aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12468|&#x28ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3468|&#x28ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13468|&#x28ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23468|&#x28ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123468|&#x28af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-568|&#x28b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1568|&#x28b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2568|&#x28b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12568|&#x28b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3568|&#x28b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13568|&#x28b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23568|&#x28b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123568|&#x28b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4568|&#x28b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14568|&#x28b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24568|&#x28ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124568|&#x28bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34568|&#x28bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134568|&#x28bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234568|&#x28be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234568|&#x28bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-78|&#x28c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-178|&#x28c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-278|&#x28c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1278|&#x28c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-378|&#x28c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1378|&#x28c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2378|&#x28c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12378|&#x28c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-478|&#x28c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1478|&#x28c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2478|&#x28ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12478|&#x28cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3478|&#x28cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13478|&#x28cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23478|&#x28ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123478|&#x28cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-578|&#x28d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1578|&#x28d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2578|&#x28d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12578|&#x28d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3578|&#x28d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13578|&#x28d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23578|&#x28d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123578|&#x28d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4578|&#x28d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14578|&#x28d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24578|&#x28da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124578|&#x28db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34578|&#x28dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134578|&#x28dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234578|&#x28de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234578|&#x28df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-678|&#x28e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1678|&#x28e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2678|&#x28e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12678|&#x28e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3678|&#x28e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13678|&#x28e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23678|&#x28e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123678|&#x28e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4678|&#x28e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14678|&#x28e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24678|&#x28ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124678|&#x28eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34678|&#x28ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134678|&#x28ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234678|&#x28ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234678|&#x28ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|28Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-5678|&#x28f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-15678|&#x28f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-25678|&#x28f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125678|&#x28f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-35678|&#x28f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-135678|&#x28f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-235678|&#x28f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1235678|&#x28f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-45678|&#x28f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-145678|&#x28f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-245678|&#x28fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1245678|&#x28fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-345678|&#x28fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1345678|&#x28fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2345678|&#x28fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12345678|&#x28ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Arrows-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|290x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2900;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2901;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2902;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2903;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2904;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|&#x2905;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|&#x2906;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW FROM BAR|&#x2907;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2908;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2909;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|&#x290a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIPLE ARROW|&#x290b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|&#x290c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE DASH ARROW|&#x290d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|&#x290e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE DASH ARROW|&#x290f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|291x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|&#x2910;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|&#x2911;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ARROW TO BAR|&#x2912;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ARROW TO BAR|&#x2913;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2914;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2915;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|&#x2916;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2917;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2918;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|&#x2919;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW-TAIL|&#x291a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|&#x291b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW-TAIL|&#x291c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|&#x291d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BLACK DIAMOND|&#x291e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|&#x291f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|292x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR TO BLACK DIAMOND|&#x2920;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x2921;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|&#x2922;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x2923;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x2924;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x2925;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x2926;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x2927;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x2928;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW AND SOUTH WEST ARROW|&#x2929;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST ARROW AND NORTH WEST ARROW|&#x292a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING FALLING DIAGONAL|&#x292b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING RISING DIAGONAL|&#x292c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x292d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x292e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FALLING DIAGONAL CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x292f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|293x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RISING DIAGONAL CROSSING SOUTH EAST ARROW|&#x2930;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST ARROW CROSSING NORTH WEST ARROW|&#x2931;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST ARROW CROSSING NORTH EAST ARROW|&#x2932;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY RIGHT|&#x2933;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING UPWARDS|&#x2934;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING RIGHTWARDS THEN CURVING DOWNWARDS|&#x2935;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING LEFTWARDS|&#x2936;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN CURVING RIGHTWARDS|&#x2937;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-SIDE ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x2938;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-SIDE ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x2939;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x293a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x293b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC CLOCKWISE ARROW WITH MINUS|&#x293c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP ARC ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW WITH PLUS|&#x293d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER RIGHT SEMICIRCULAR CLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x293e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOWER LEFT SEMICIRCULAR ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW|&#x293f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|294x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|&#x2940;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE CLOSED CIRCLE ARROW|&#x2941;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2942;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2943;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2944;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|&#x2945;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH PLUS BELOW|&#x2946;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|&#x2947;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT ARROW THROUGH SMALL CIRCLE|&#x2948;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM SMALL CIRCLE|&#x2949;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|&#x294a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|&#x294b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|&#x294c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|&#x294d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB UP RIGHT BARB UP HARPOON|&#x294e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB RIGHT DOWN BARB RIGHT HARPOON|&#x294f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|295x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BARB DOWN RIGHT BARB DOWN HARPOON|&#x2950;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP BARB LEFT DOWN BARB LEFT HARPOON|&#x2951;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|&#x2952;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP TO BAR|&#x2953;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|&#x2954;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT TO BAR|&#x2955;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|&#x2956;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN TO BAR|&#x2957;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|&#x2958;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT TO BAR|&#x2959;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|&#x295a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP FROM BAR|&#x295b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|&#x295c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT FROM BAR|&#x295d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|&#x295e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN FROM BAR|&#x295f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|296x |{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|&#x2960;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT FROM BAR|&#x2961;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|&#x2962;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|&#x2963;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|&#x2964;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|&#x2965;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|&#x2966;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|&#x2967;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP|&#x2968;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN ABOVE LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN|&#x2969;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|&#x296a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|&#x296b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UP ABOVE LONG DASH|&#x296c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN BELOW LONG DASH|&#x296d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|&#x296e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT BESIDE UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT|&#x296f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|297x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH ROUNDED HEAD|&#x2970;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2971;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2972;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2973;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2974;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2975;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2976;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH LESS-THAN|&#x2977;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2978;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2979;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUBSET|&#x297a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x297b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT FISH TAIL|&#x297c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT FISH TAIL|&#x297d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP FISH TAIL|&#x297e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN FISH TAIL|&#x297f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|298x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR DELIMITER|&#x2980;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SPOT|&#x2981;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION TYPE COLON|&#x2982;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|&#x2983;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE CURLY BRACKET|&#x2984;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE PARENTHESIS|&#x2985;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE PARENTHESIS|&#x2986;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT IMAGE BRACKET|&#x2987;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT IMAGE BRACKET|&#x2988;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION LEFT BINDING BRACKET|&#x2989;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RIGHT BINDING BRACKET|&#x298a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|&#x298b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH UNDERBAR|&#x298c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|&#x298d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|&#x298e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN BOTTOM CORNER|&#x298f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|299x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH TICK IN TOP CORNER|&#x2990;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|&#x2991;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET WITH DOT|&#x2992;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|&#x2993;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|&#x2994;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LEFT ARC GREATER-THAN BRACKET|&#x2995;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE RIGHT ARC LESS-THAN BRACKET|&#x2996;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x2997;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT BLACK TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x2998;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED FENCE|&#x2999;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL ZIGZAG LINE|&#x299a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE OPENING LEFT|&#x299b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE VARIANT WITH SQUARE|&#x299c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED RIGHT ANGLE WITH DOT|&#x299d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH S INSIDE|&#x299e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ACUTE ANGLE|&#x299f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|29Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING LEFT|&#x29a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SPHERICAL ANGLE OPENING UP|&#x29a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED ANGLE|&#x29a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE|&#x29a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|&#x29a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED ANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|&#x29a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING UP|&#x29a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE ANGLE OPENING DOWN|&#x29a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND RIGHT|&#x29a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING UP AND LEFT|&#x29a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND RIGHT|&#x29aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING DOWN AND LEFT|&#x29ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND UP|&#x29ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND UP|&#x29ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING RIGHT AND DOWN|&#x29ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEASURED ANGLE WITH OPEN ARM ENDING IN ARROW POINTING LEFT AND DOWN|&#x29af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|29Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED EMPTY SET|&#x29b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH OVERBAR|&#x29b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|&#x29b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH RIGHT ARROW ABOVE|&#x29b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EMPTY SET WITH LEFT ARROW ABOVE|&#x29b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&#x29b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED VERTICAL BAR|&#x29b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PARALLEL|&#x29b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED REVERSE SOLIDUS|&#x29b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERPENDICULAR|&#x29b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL BAR AND TOP HALF DIVIDED BY VERTICAL BAR|&#x29ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SUPERIMPOSED X|&#x29bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED ANTICLOCKWISE-ROTATED DIVISION SIGN|&#x29bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROW THROUGH CIRCLE|&#x29bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED WHITE BULLET|&#x29be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BULLET|&#x29bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|29Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED LESS-THAN|&#x29c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED GREATER-THAN|&#x29c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH SMALL CIRCLE TO THE RIGHT|&#x29c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLE WITH TWO HORIZONTAL STROKES TO THE RIGHT|&#x29c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED RISING DIAGONAL SLASH|&#x29c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FALLING DIAGONAL SLASH|&#x29c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED ASTERISK|&#x29c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SMALL CIRCLE|&#x29c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED SQUARE|&#x29c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO JOINED SQUARES|&#x29c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x29ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH UNDERBAR|&#x29cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|S IN TRIANGLE|&#x29cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIANGLE WITH SERIFS AT BOTTOM|&#x29cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRIANGLE ABOVE LEFT TRIANGLE|&#x29ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRIANGLE BESIDE VERTICAL BAR|&#x29cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|29Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR BESIDE RIGHT TRIANGLE|&#x29d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x29d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOWTIE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x29d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK BOWTIE|&#x29d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x29d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIMES WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x29d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HOURGLASS|&#x29d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HOURGLASS|&#x29d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WIGGLY FENCE|&#x29d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WIGGLY FENCE|&#x29d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|&#x29da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE WIGGLY FENCE|&#x29db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCOMPLETE INFINITY|&#x29dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIE OVER INFINITY|&#x29dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INFINITY NEGATED WITH VERTICAL BAR|&#x29de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-ENDED MULTIMAP|&#x29df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|29Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH CONTOURED OUTLINE|&#x29e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INCREASES AS|&#x29e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHUFFLE PRODUCT|&#x29e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL|&#x29e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN AND SLANTED PARALLEL WITH TILDE ABOVE|&#x29e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL TO AND SLANTED PARALLEL|&#x29e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLEICH STARK|&#x29e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THERMODYNAMIC|&#x29e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x29e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x29e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND WITH DOWN ARROW|&#x29ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LOZENGE|&#x29eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|&#x29ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CIRCLE WITH DOWN ARROW|&#x29ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE SQUARE|&#x29ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK SQUARE|&#x29ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff;height:30px"|29Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE DIAMOND|&#x29f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK DIAMOND|&#x29f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED WHITE CIRCLE|&#x29f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERROR-BARRED BLACK CIRCLE|&#x29f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RULE-DELAYED|&#x29f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|&#x29f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOLIDUS WITH OVERBAR|&#x29f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE SOLIDUS WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x29f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG SOLIDUS|&#x29f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BIG REVERSE SOLIDUS|&#x29f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PLUS|&#x29fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE PLUS|&#x29fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|&#x29fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT-POINTING CURVED ANGLE BRACKET|&#x29fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TINY|&#x29fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINY|&#x29ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Mathematical Operators''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR|&#x2a00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED PLUS OPERATOR|&#x2a01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY CIRCLED TIMES OPERATOR|&#x2a02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH DOT|&#x2a03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY UNION OPERATOR WITH PLUS|&#x2a04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE INTERSECTION OPERATOR|&#x2a05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY SQUARE UNION OPERATOR|&#x2a06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL AND OPERATOR|&#x2a07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO LOGICAL OR OPERATOR|&#x2a08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY TIMES OPERATOR|&#x2a09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODULO TWO SUM|&#x2a0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUMMATION WITH INTEGRAL|&#x2a0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUADRUPLE INTEGRAL OPERATOR|&#x2a0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FINITE PART INTEGRAL|&#x2a0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x2a0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AVERAGE WITH SLASH|&#x2a0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCULATION FUNCTION|&#x2a10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE INTEGRATION|&#x2a11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH RECTANGULAR PATH AROUND POLE|&#x2a12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION WITH SEMICIRCULAR PATH AROUND POLE|&#x2a13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LINE INTEGRATION NOT INCLUDING THE POLE|&#x2a14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL AROUND A POINT OPERATOR|&#x2a15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|QUATERNION INTEGRAL OPERATOR|&#x2a16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK|&#x2a17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH TIMES SIGN|&#x2a18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH INTERSECTION|&#x2a19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNION|&#x2a1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH OVERBAR|&#x2a1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTEGRAL WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2a1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|JOIN|&#x2a1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE LEFT TRIANGLE OPERATOR|&#x2a1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA COMPOSITION|&#x2a1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PIPING|&#x2a20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION SCHEMA PROJECTION|&#x2a21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SMALL CIRCLE ABOVE|&#x2a22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT ABOVE|&#x2a23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE ABOVE|&#x2a24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x2a25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH TILDE BELOW|&#x2a26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH SUBSCRIPT TWO|&#x2a27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN WITH BLACK TRIANGLE|&#x2a28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH COMMA ABOVE|&#x2a29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x2a2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH FALLING DOTS|&#x2a2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN WITH RISING DOTS|&#x2a2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|&#x2a2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|&#x2a2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VECTOR OR CROSS PRODUCT|&#x2a2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2a31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEMIDIRECT PRODUCT WITH BOTTOM CLOSED|&#x2a32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMASH PRODUCT|&#x2a33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN LEFT HALF CIRCLE|&#x2a34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN RIGHT HALF CIRCLE|&#x2a35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED MULTIPLICATION SIGN WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&#x2a36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN DOUBLE CIRCLE|&#x2a37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DIVISION SIGN|&#x2a38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|&#x2a39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MINUS SIGN IN TRIANGLE|&#x2a3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MULTIPLICATION SIGN IN TRIANGLE|&#x2a3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERIOR PRODUCT|&#x2a3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTHAND INTERIOR PRODUCT|&#x2a3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RELATIONAL COMPOSITION|&#x2a3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|AMALGAMATION OR COPRODUCT|&#x2a3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH DOT|&#x2a40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH MINUS SIGN|&#x2a41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH OVERBAR|&#x2a42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH OVERBAR|&#x2a43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION WITH LOGICAL AND|&#x2a44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION WITH LOGICAL OR|&#x2a45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE INTERSECTION|&#x2a46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE UNION|&#x2a47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION ABOVE BAR ABOVE INTERSECTION|&#x2a48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION ABOVE BAR ABOVE UNION|&#x2a49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH UNION|&#x2a4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INTERSECTION BESIDE AND JOINED WITH INTERSECTION|&#x2a4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS|&#x2a4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED INTERSECTION WITH SERIFS|&#x2a4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE INTERSECTION|&#x2a4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SQUARE UNION|&#x2a4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED UNION WITH SERIFS AND SMASH PRODUCT|&#x2a50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL AND|&#x2a53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOGICAL OR|&#x2a54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL AND|&#x2a55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO INTERSECTING LOGICAL OR|&#x2a56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE OR|&#x2a57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLOPING LARGE AND|&#x2a58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR OVERLAPPING LOGICAL AND|&#x2a59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH MIDDLE STEM|&#x2a5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH MIDDLE STEM|&#x2a5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|&#x2a5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH HORIZONTAL DASH|&#x2a5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|&#x2a5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2a5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL AND WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|&#x2a60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALL VEE WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2a61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE OVERBAR|&#x2a62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOGICAL OR WITH DOUBLE UNDERBAR|&#x2a63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION DOMAIN ANTIRESTRICTION|&#x2a64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|Z NOTATION RANGE ANTIRESTRICTION|&#x2a65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH DOT BELOW|&#x2a66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDENTICAL WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2a68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE HORIZONTAL BAR WITH TRIPLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2a69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR WITH RISING DOTS|&#x2a6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR MINUS SIMILAR|&#x2a6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CONGRUENT WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS WITH ASTERISK|&#x2a6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ALMOST EQUAL TO WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT|&#x2a6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|APPROXIMATELY EQUAL OR EQUAL TO|&#x2a70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE PLUS SIGN|&#x2a71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUS SIGN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2a72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2a73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE COLON EQUAL|&#x2a74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|&#x2a75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE CONSECUTIVE EQUALS SIGNS|&#x2a76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE AND TWO DOTS BELOW|&#x2a77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUIVALENT WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE|&#x2a78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|&#x2a79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|&#x2a7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|&#x2a7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE|&#x2a7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|&#x2a7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO|&#x2a7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|&#x2a7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT INSIDE|&#x2a80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2a82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE RIGHT|&#x2a83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR SLANTED EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE LEFT|&#x2a84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|&#x2a85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OR APPROXIMATE|&#x2a86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2a87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2a88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|&#x2a89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN AND NOT APPROXIMATE|&#x2a8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN|&#x2a8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN|&#x2a8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|&#x2a8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR OR EQUAL|&#x2a8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN|&#x2a8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2A9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN|&#x2a90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|&#x2a91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL|&#x2a92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|&#x2a93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|&#x2a94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|&#x2a95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|&#x2a96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|&#x2a97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN WITH DOT INSIDE|&#x2a98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|&#x2a99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|&#x2a9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN|&#x2a9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN|&#x2a9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR LESS-THAN|&#x2a9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR OR GREATER-THAN|&#x2a9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE LESS-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2a9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2AAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SIMILAR ABOVE GREATER-THAN ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2aa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN|&#x2aa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|&#x2aa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE NESTED LESS-THAN WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2aa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN OVERLAPPING LESS-THAN|&#x2aa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN BESIDE LESS-THAN|&#x2aa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|&#x2aa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE|&#x2aa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LESS-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|&#x2aa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GREATER-THAN CLOSED BY CURVE ABOVE SLANTED EQUAL|&#x2aa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN|&#x2aaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN|&#x2aab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SMALLER THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2aac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGER THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2aad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH BUMPY ABOVE|&#x2aae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2aaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2ABx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2ab0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2ab1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE SINGLE-LINE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2ab2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2ab3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2ab4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2ab5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2ab6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2ab7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2ab8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PRECEDES ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2ab9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUCCEEDS ABOVE NOT ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2aba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRECEDES|&#x2abb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUCCEEDS|&#x2abc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH DOT|&#x2abd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH DOT|&#x2abe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|&#x2abf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2ACx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH PLUS SIGN BELOW|&#x2ac0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|&#x2ac1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET WITH MULTIPLICATION SIGN BELOW|&#x2ac2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2ac3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2ac4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2ac5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE EQUALS SIGN|&#x2ac6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2ac7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2ac8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2ac9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2aca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2acb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET OF ABOVE NOT EQUAL TO|&#x2acc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LEFT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|&#x2acd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RIGHT OPEN BOX OPERATOR|&#x2ace;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET|&#x2acf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2ADx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET|&#x2ad0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUBSET OR EQUAL TO|&#x2ad1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOSED SUPERSET OR EQUAL TO|&#x2ad2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUPERSET|&#x2ad3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUBSET|&#x2ad4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUBSET ABOVE SUBSET|&#x2ad5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET ABOVE SUPERSET|&#x2ad6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE SUBSET|&#x2ad7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SUPERSET BESIDE AND JOINED BY DASH WITH SUBSET|&#x2ad8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ELEMENT OF OPENING DOWNWARDS|&#x2ad9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PITCHFORK WITH TEE TOP|&#x2ada;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSVERSAL INTERSECTION|&#x2adb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKING|&#x2adc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NONFORKING|&#x2add;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT LEFT TACK|&#x2ade;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK|&#x2adf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2AEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK|&#x2ae0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PERPENDICULAR WITH S|&#x2ae1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR TRIPLE RIGHT TURNSTILE|&#x2ae2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR LEFT TURNSTILE|&#x2ae3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|&#x2ae4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR DOUBLE LEFT TURNSTILE|&#x2ae5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG DASH FROM LEFT MEMBER OF DOUBLE VERTICAL|&#x2ae6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT DOWN TACK WITH OVERBAR|&#x2ae7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK WITH UNDERBAR|&#x2ae8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT UP TACK ABOVE SHORT DOWN TACK|&#x2ae9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE DOWN TACK|&#x2aea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE UP TACK|&#x2aeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|&#x2aec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE STROKE NOT SIGN|&#x2aed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOES NOT DIVIDE WITH REVERSED NEGATION SLASH|&#x2aee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE ABOVE|&#x2aef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|2AFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL LINE WITH CIRCLE BELOW|&#x2af0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWN TACK WITH CIRCLE BELOW|&#x2af1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2af2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARALLEL WITH TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2af3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR BINARY RELATION|&#x2af4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR WITH HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2af5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE COLON OPERATOR|&#x2af6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED LESS-THAN|&#x2af7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE NESTED GREATER-THAN|&#x2af8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2af9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE-LINE SLANTED GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO|&#x2afa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE SOLIDUS BINARY RELATION|&#x2afb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LARGE TRIPLE VERTICAL BAR OPERATOR|&#x2afc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SOLIDUS OPERATOR|&#x2afd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL BAR|&#x2afe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|N-ARY WHITE VERTICAL BAR|&#x2aff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST WHITE ARROW|&#x2b00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST WHITE ARROW|&#x2b01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST WHITE ARROW|&#x2b02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST WHITE ARROW|&#x2b03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT WHITE ARROW|&#x2b04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK ARROW|&#x2b05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK ARROW|&#x2b06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK ARROW|&#x2b07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST BLACK ARROW|&#x2b08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST BLACK ARROW|&#x2b09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST BLACK ARROW|&#x2b0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST BLACK ARROW|&#x2b0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT BLACK ARROW|&#x2b0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN BLACK ARROW|&#x2b0d;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|&#x2b0e;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|&#x2b0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B1x |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP DOWNWARDS|&#x2b10;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TIP UPWARDS|&#x2b11;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH TOP HALF BLACK|&#x2b12;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|&#x2b13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH UPPER RIGHT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|&#x2b14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WITH LOWER LEFT DIAGONAL HALF BLACK|&#x2b15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x2b16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x2b17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH TOP HALF BLACK|&#x2b18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DIAMOND WITH BOTTOM HALF BLACK|&#x2b19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SQUARE|&#x2b1a;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE SQUARE|&#x2b1b;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE LARGE SQUARE|&#x2b1c;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERY SMALL SQUARE|&#x2b1d;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERY SMALL SQUARE|&#x2b1e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK PENTAGON|&#x2b1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B2x |style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE PENTAGON|&#x2b20;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HEXAGON|&#x2b21;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HEXAGON|&#x2b22;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK HEXAGON|&#x2b23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LARGE CIRCLE|&#x2b24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DIAMOND|&#x2b25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM DIAMOND|&#x2b26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LOZENGE|&#x2b27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM LOZENGE|&#x2b28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL DIAMOND|&#x2b29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL LOZENGE|&#x2b2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL LOZENGE|&#x2b2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|&#x2b2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE|&#x2b2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK VERTICAL ELLIPSE|&#x2b2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE VERTICAL ELLIPSE|&#x2b2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH SMALL CIRCLE|&#x2b30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE LEFTWARDS ARROWS|&#x2b31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ARROW WITH CIRCLED PLUS|&#x2b32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LONG LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW|&#x2b33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW FROM BAR|&#x2b36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED TRIPLE DASH ARROW|&#x2b37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH DOTTED STEM|&#x2b38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL|&#x2b3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TAIL WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL STROKE|&#x2b3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X|&#x2b3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE ARROW POINTING DIRECTLY LEFT|&#x2b3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2b40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2b41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2b42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH GREATER-THAN|&#x2b43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH SUPERSET|&#x2b44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|&#x2b45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS QUADRUPLE ARROW|&#x2b46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2b47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2b48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE OPERATOR ABOVE LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2b49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE ALMOST EQUAL TO|&#x2b4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2b4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS ARROW ABOVE REVERSE TILDE OPERATOR|&#x2b4c;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ZIGZAG ARROW|&#x2b4d;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT SLANTED NORTH ARROW|&#x2b4e;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW|&#x2b4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B5x |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MEDIUM STAR|&#x2b50;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SMALL STAR|&#x2b51;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE SMALL STAR|&#x2b52;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|&#x2b53;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE RIGHT-POINTING PENTAGON|&#x2b54;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY LARGE CIRCLE|&#x2b55;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY OVAL WITH OVAL INSIDE|&#x2b56;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE WITH CIRCLE INSIDE|&#x2b57;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLE|&#x2b58;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HEAVY CIRCLED SALTIRE|&#x2b59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HOOKED HEAD|&#x2b5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HOOKED TAIL|&#x2b5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SLANTED NORTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|&#x2b5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BACKSLANTED SOUTH ARROW WITH HORIZONTAL TAIL|&#x2b5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|&#x2b5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SHORT BENT ARROW POINTING DOWNWARDS THEN NORTH EAST|&#x2b5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RIGHT TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP DOWN TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|&#x2b6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|&#x2b6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|&#x2b6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED DASHED ARROW|&#x2b6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|&#x2b6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED OPEN CIRCLE ARROW|&#x2b6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b73;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NORTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH EAST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SOUTH WEST TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW TO BAR|&#x2b79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2b7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2b7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2b7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL STROKE|&#x2b7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL TAB KEY|&#x2b7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TAB KEY|&#x2b7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW LEFTWARDS OF UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW|&#x2b83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|&#x2b84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|&#x2b85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|&#x2b86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED PAIRED ARROWS|&#x2b87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|&#x2b88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|&#x2b89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|&#x2b8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS BLACK CIRCLED WHITE ARROW|&#x2b8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHT U-SHAPED ARROW|&#x2b8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED BOTTOM U-SHAPED ARROW|&#x2b8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED LEFT U-SHAPED ARROW|&#x2b8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ANTICLOCKWISE TRIANGLE-HEADED TOP U-SHAPED ARROW|&#x2b8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2B9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN LEFT|&#x2b90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RETURN RIGHT|&#x2b91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE LEFT|&#x2b92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NEWLINE RIGHT|&#x2b93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FOUR CORNER ARROWS CIRCLING ANTICLOCKWISE|&#x2b94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS BLACK ARROW|&#x2b95;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SYMBOL FOR TYPE A ELECTRONICS|&#x2b97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D RIGHT-LIGHTED UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-D LEFT-LIGHTED DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK LEFTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK UPWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK RIGHTWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DOWNWARDS EQUILATERAL ARROWHEAD|&#x2b9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|&#x2ba0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|&#x2ba1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP LEFTWARDS|&#x2ba2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP RIGHTWARDS|&#x2ba3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|&#x2ba4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP UPWARDS|&#x2ba5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|&#x2ba6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TRIANGLE-HEADED ARROW WITH LONG TIP DOWNWARDS|&#x2ba7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2ba8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2ba9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND LEFTWARDS ARROW|&#x2baa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW|&#x2bab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|&#x2bac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND UPWARDS ARROW|&#x2bad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED LEFTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x2bae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK CURVED RIGHTWARDS AND DOWNWARDS ARROW|&#x2baf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN LEFT|&#x2bb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW DOWN RIGHT|&#x2bb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP LEFT|&#x2bb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW UP RIGHT|&#x2bb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT UP|&#x2bb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT UP|&#x2bb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW LEFT DOWN|&#x2bb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIBBON ARROW RIGHT DOWN|&#x2bb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR WITH HORIZONTAL BAR|&#x2bb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UP ARROWHEAD IN A RECTANGLE BOX|&#x2bb9;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE SQUARES|&#x2bba;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING WHITE AND BLACK SQUARES|&#x2bbb;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|OVERLAPPING BLACK SQUARES|&#x2bbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BALLOT BOX WITH LIGHT X|&#x2bbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED X|&#x2bbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED BOLD X|&#x2bbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#87abff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK SQUARE CENTRED|&#x2bc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND CENTRED|&#x2bc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED BLACK PENTAGON|&#x2bc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HORIZONTAL BLACK OCTAGON|&#x2bc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK OCTAGON|&#x2bc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM UP-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|&#x2bc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM DOWN-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|&#x2bc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|&#x2bc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK MEDIUM RIGHT-POINTING TRIANGLE CENTRED|&#x2bc8;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|NEPTUNE FORM TWO|&#x2bc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x2bca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF BLACK CIRCLE|&#x2bcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|&#x2bcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED LIGHT FOUR POINTED BLACK CUSP|&#x2bcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|&#x2bce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ROTATED WHITE FOUR POINTED CUSP|&#x2bcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BDx |style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE POSITION INDICATOR|&#x2bd0;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UNCERTAINTY SIGN|&#x2bd1;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GROUP MARK|&#x2bd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM TWO|&#x2bd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM THREE|&#x2bd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FOUR|&#x2bd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PLUTO FORM FIVE|&#x2bd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRANSPLUTO|&#x2bd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PROSERPINA|&#x2bd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ASTRAEA|&#x2bd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYGIEA|&#x2bda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PHOLUS|&#x2bdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|NESSUS|&#x2bdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WHITE MOON SELENA|&#x2bdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BLACK DIAMOND ON CROSS|&#x2bde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRUE LIGHT MOON ARTA|&#x2bdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CUPIDO|&#x2be0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HADES|&#x2be1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ZEUS|&#x2be2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KRONOS|&#x2be3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|APOLLON|&#x2be4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ADMETOS|&#x2be5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VULCANUS|&#x2be6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSEIDON|&#x2be7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT HALF BLACK STAR|&#x2be8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT HALF BLACK STAR|&#x2be9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH LEFT HALF BLACK|&#x2bea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|STAR WITH RIGHT HALF BLACK|&#x2beb;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|&#x2bec;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|&#x2bed;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHTWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|&#x2bee;}}||style="background:#8a94ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS TWO-HEADED ARROW WITH TRIANGLE ARROWHEADS|&#x2bef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#d093ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2BFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM ONE|&#x2bf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ERIS FORM TWO|&#x2bf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEDNA|&#x2bf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL VIGINTILE|&#x2bf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL NOVILE|&#x2bf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL QUINTILE|&#x2bf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL BINOVILE|&#x2bf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL SENTAGON|&#x2bf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RUSSIAN ASTROLOGICAL SYMBOL TREDECILE|&#x2bf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EQUALS SIGN WITH INFINITY BELOW|&#x2bf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UNITED SYMBOL|&#x2bfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SEPARATED SYMBOL|&#x2bfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLED SYMBOL|&#x2bfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PASSED SYMBOL|&#x2bfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED RIGHT ANGLE|&#x2bfe;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HELLSCHREIBER PAUSE SYMBOL|&#x2bff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Glagolitic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER AZU|&#x2c00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BUKY|&#x2c01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER VEDE|&#x2c02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER GLAGOLI|&#x2c03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DOBRO|&#x2c04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YESTU|&#x2c05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHIVETE|&#x2c06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DZELO|&#x2c07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ZEMLJA|&#x2c08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHE|&#x2c09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|&#x2c0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x2c0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER DJERVI|&#x2c0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER KAKO|&#x2c0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LJUDIJE|&#x2c0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER MYSLITE|&#x2c0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER NASHI|&#x2c10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER ONU|&#x2c11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER POKOJI|&#x2c12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER RITSI|&#x2c13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SLOVO|&#x2c14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TVRIDO|&#x2c15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER UKU|&#x2c16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FRITU|&#x2c17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER HERU|&#x2c18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER OTU|&#x2c19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER PE|&#x2c1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTA|&#x2c1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TSI|&#x2c1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CHRIVI|&#x2c1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA|&#x2c1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU|&#x2c1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YERI|&#x2c20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YATI|&#x2c21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SPIDERY HA|&#x2c22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YU|&#x2c23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS|&#x2c24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|&#x2c25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER YO|&#x2c26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|&#x2c27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS|&#x2c28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|&#x2c29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA|&#x2c2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA|&#x2c2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER SHTAPIC|&#x2c2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|&#x2c2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|&#x2c2e;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC CAPITAL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|&#x2c2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER AZU|&#x2c30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BUKY|&#x2c31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER VEDE|&#x2c32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER GLAGOLI|&#x2c33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DOBRO|&#x2c34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YESTU|&#x2c35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZHIVETE|&#x2c36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DZELO|&#x2c37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ZEMLJA|&#x2c38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHE|&#x2c39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER INITIAL IZHE|&#x2c3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER I|&#x2c3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER DJERVI|&#x2c3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER KAKO|&#x2c3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LJUDIJE|&#x2c3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER MYSLITE|&#x2c3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER NASHI|&#x2c40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER ONU|&#x2c41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER POKOJI|&#x2c42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER RITSI|&#x2c43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SLOVO|&#x2c44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TVRIDO|&#x2c45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER UKU|&#x2c46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FRITU|&#x2c47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER HERU|&#x2c48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER OTU|&#x2c49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER PE|&#x2c4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTA|&#x2c4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TSI|&#x2c4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CHRIVI|&#x2c4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHA|&#x2c4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERU|&#x2c4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YERI|&#x2c50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YATI|&#x2c51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SPIDERY HA|&#x2c52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YU|&#x2c53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS|&#x2c54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SMALL YUS WITH TAIL|&#x2c55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER YO|&#x2c56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS|&#x2c57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS|&#x2c58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS|&#x2c59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER FITA|&#x2c5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA|&#x2c5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER SHTAPIC|&#x2c5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER TROKUTASTI A|&#x2c5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER LATINATE MYSLITE|&#x2c5e;}}||style="background:#ffc0e0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GLAGOLITIC SMALL LETTER CAUDATE CHRIVI|&#x2c5f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Latin Extended-C''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#72ff8a" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|&#x2c60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOUBLE BAR|&#x2c61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE|&#x2c62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH STROKE|&#x2c63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH TAIL|&#x2c64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH STROKE|&#x2c65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DIAGONAL STROKE|&#x2c66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DESCENDER|&#x2c6c;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA|&#x2c6d;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH HOOK|&#x2c6e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED A|&#x2c6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C7x |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED ALPHA|&#x2c70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH RIGHT HOOK|&#x2c71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH HOOK|&#x2c72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH HOOK|&#x2c73;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH CURL|&#x2c74;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HALF H|&#x2c75;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER HALF H|&#x2c76;}}||style="background:#72ff8a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TAILLESS PHI|&#x2c77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH NOTCH|&#x2c78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH TAIL|&#x2c79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH LOW RING INSIDE|&#x2c7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL TURNED E|&#x2c7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER J|&#x2c7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL V|&#x2c7d;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH SWASH TAIL|&#x2c7e;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH SWASH TAIL|&#x2c7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Coptic''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ALFA|&#x2c80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ALFA|&#x2c81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER VIDA|&#x2c82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER VIDA|&#x2c83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA|&#x2c84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER GAMMA|&#x2c85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DALDA|&#x2c86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DALDA|&#x2c87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER EIE|&#x2c88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER EIE|&#x2c89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SOU|&#x2c8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SOU|&#x2c8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER ZATA|&#x2c8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER ZATA|&#x2c8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HATE|&#x2c8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER HATE|&#x2c8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2C9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER THETHE|&#x2c90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER THETHE|&#x2c91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER IAUDA|&#x2c92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER IAUDA|&#x2c93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KAPA|&#x2c94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KAPA|&#x2c95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA|&#x2c96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULA|&#x2c97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER MI|&#x2c98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER MI|&#x2c99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER NI|&#x2c9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER NI|&#x2c9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI|&#x2c9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KSI|&#x2c9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x2c9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER O|&#x2c9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PI|&#x2ca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PI|&#x2ca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER RO|&#x2ca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER RO|&#x2ca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SIMA|&#x2ca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SIMA|&#x2ca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER TAU|&#x2ca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER TAU|&#x2ca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER UA|&#x2ca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER UA|&#x2ca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FI|&#x2caa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER FI|&#x2cab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHI|&#x2cac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHI|&#x2cad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI|&#x2cae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER PSI|&#x2caf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OOU|&#x2cb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OOU|&#x2cb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|&#x2cb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P ALEF|&#x2cb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|&#x2cb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC AIN|&#x2cb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|&#x2cb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC EIE|&#x2cb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|&#x2cb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P KAPA|&#x2cb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|&#x2cba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P NI|&#x2cbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|&#x2cbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC NI|&#x2cbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|&#x2cbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC OOU|&#x2cbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SAMPI|&#x2cc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER SAMPI|&#x2cc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|&#x2cc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CROSSED SHEI|&#x2cc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|&#x2cc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHEI|&#x2cc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|&#x2cc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC ESH|&#x2cc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|&#x2cc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER AKHMIMIC KHEI|&#x2cc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|&#x2cca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER DIALECT-P HORI|&#x2ccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|&#x2ccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HORI|&#x2ccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|&#x2cce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HA|&#x2ccf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|&#x2cd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER L-SHAPED HA|&#x2cd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|&#x2cd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HEI|&#x2cd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|&#x2cd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC HAT|&#x2cd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|&#x2cd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC GANGIA|&#x2cd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|&#x2cd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC DJA|&#x2cd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|&#x2cda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD COPTIC SHIMA|&#x2cdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|&#x2cdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN SHIMA|&#x2cdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|&#x2cde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NGI|&#x2cdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|&#x2ce0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN NYI|&#x2ce1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|&#x2ce2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER OLD NUBIAN WAU|&#x2ce3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KAI|&#x2ce4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL MI RO|&#x2ce5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL PI RO|&#x2ce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL STAUROS|&#x2ce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL TAU RO|&#x2ce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL KHI RO|&#x2ce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SYMBOL SHIMA SIMA|&#x2cea;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|&#x2ceb;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC SHEI|&#x2cec;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|&#x2ced;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER CRYPTOGRAMMIC GANGIA|&#x2cee;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING NI ABOVE|&nbsp;&#x2cef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2CFx |style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS ASPER|&nbsp;&#x2cf0;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC COMBINING SPIRITUS LENIS|&nbsp;&#x2cf1;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|&#x2cf2;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC SMALL LETTER BOHAIRIC KHEI|&#x2cf3;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN FULL STOP|&#x2cf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN DIRECT QUESTION MARK|&#x2cfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN INDIRECT QUESTION MARK|&#x2cfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC OLD NUBIAN VERSE DIVIDER|&#x2cfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FRACTION ONE HALF|&#x2cfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC FULL STOP|&#x2cfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COPTIC MORPHOLOGICAL DIVIDER|&#x2cff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Georgian Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AN|&#x2d00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER BAN|&#x2d01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GAN|&#x2d02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER DON|&#x2d03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER EN|&#x2d04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER VIN|&#x2d05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZEN|&#x2d06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAN|&#x2d07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER IN|&#x2d08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KAN|&#x2d09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER LAS|&#x2d0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER MAN|&#x2d0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER NAR|&#x2d0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ON|&#x2d0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PAR|&#x2d0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER ZHAR|&#x2d0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER RAE|&#x2d10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SAN|&#x2d11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER TAR|&#x2d12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER UN|&#x2d13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER PHAR|&#x2d14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER KHAR|&#x2d15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER GHAN|&#x2d16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER QAR|&#x2d17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER SHIN|&#x2d18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHIN|&#x2d19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CAN|&#x2d1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JIL|&#x2d1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CIL|&#x2d1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER CHAR|&#x2d1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER XAN|&#x2d1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER JHAN|&#x2d1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D2x |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAE|&#x2d20;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HE|&#x2d21;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HIE|&#x2d22;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER WE|&#x2d23;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HAR|&#x2d24;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER HOE|&#x2d25;}}||&nbsp;||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER YN|&#x2d27;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|GEORGIAN SMALL LETTER AEN|&#x2d2d;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Tifinagh''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YA|&#x2d30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAB|&#x2d31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YABH|&#x2d32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAG|&#x2d33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGHH|&#x2d34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAJ|&#x2d35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAJ|&#x2d36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAD|&#x2d37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADH|&#x2d38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADD|&#x2d39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YADDH|&#x2d3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YEY|&#x2d3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAF|&#x2d3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAK|&#x2d3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAK|&#x2d3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKHH|&#x2d3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAH|&#x2d40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER BERBER ACADEMY YAH|&#x2d41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAH|&#x2d42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAHH|&#x2d43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAA|&#x2d44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAKH|&#x2d45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAKH|&#x2d46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAQ|&#x2d47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAQ|&#x2d48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YI|&#x2d49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZH|&#x2d4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AHAGGAR YAZH|&#x2d4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAZH|&#x2d4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAL|&#x2d4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAM|&#x2d4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAN|&#x2d4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGN|&#x2d50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YANG|&#x2d51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAP|&#x2d52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YU|&#x2d53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAR|&#x2d54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YARR|&#x2d55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAGH|&#x2d56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TUAREG YAGH|&#x2d57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER AYER YAGH|&#x2d58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAS|&#x2d59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASS|&#x2d5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YASH|&#x2d5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAT|&#x2d5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATH|&#x2d5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YACH|&#x2d5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YATT|&#x2d5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAV|&#x2d60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAW|&#x2d61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAY|&#x2d62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZ|&#x2d63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER TAWELLEMET YAZ|&#x2d64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YAZZ|&#x2d65;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YE|&#x2d66;}}||style="background:#7ef9ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH LETTER YO|&#x2d67;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH MODIFIER LETTER LABIALIZATION MARK|&#x2d6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D7x |style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH SEPARATOR MARK|&#x2d70;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIFINAGH CONSONANT JOINER|&nbsp;&#x2d7f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ethiopic Extended''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE LOA|&#x2d80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE MOA|&#x2d81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ROA|&#x2d82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SOA|&#x2d83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SHOA|&#x2d84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE BOA|&#x2d85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE TOA|&#x2d86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE COA|&#x2d87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NOA|&#x2d88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE NYOA|&#x2d89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GLOTTAL OA|&#x2d8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZOA|&#x2d8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DOA|&#x2d8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE DDOA|&#x2d8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE JOA|&#x2d8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE THOA|&#x2d8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2D9x |style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CHOA|&#x2d90;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE PHOA|&#x2d91;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE POA|&#x2d92;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWA|&#x2d93;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWI|&#x2d94;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWEE|&#x2d95;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GGWE|&#x2d96;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2DAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSA|&#x2da0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSU|&#x2da1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSI|&#x2da2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSAA|&#x2da3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSEE|&#x2da4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSE|&#x2da5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SSO|&#x2da6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCA|&#x2da8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCU|&#x2da9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCI|&#x2daa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCAA|&#x2dab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCEE|&#x2dac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCE|&#x2dad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCO|&#x2dae;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f !style="background:#ffffff"|2DBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZA|&#x2db0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZU|&#x2db1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZI|&#x2db2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZAA|&#x2db3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZEE|&#x2db4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZE|&#x2db5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE ZZO|&#x2db6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHA|&#x2db8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHU|&#x2db9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHI|&#x2dba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHAA|&#x2dbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHEE|&#x2dbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHE|&#x2dbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE CCHO|&#x2dbe;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2DCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYA|&#x2dc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYU|&#x2dc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYI|&#x2dc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYAA|&#x2dc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYEE|&#x2dc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYE|&#x2dc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE QYO|&#x2dc6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYA|&#x2dc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYU|&#x2dc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYI|&#x2dca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYAA|&#x2dcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYEE|&#x2dcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYE|&#x2dcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE KYO|&#x2dce;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2DDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYA|&#x2dd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYU|&#x2dd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYI|&#x2dd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYAA|&#x2dd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYEE|&#x2dd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYE|&#x2dd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE XYO|&#x2dd6;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYA|&#x2dd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYU|&#x2dd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYI|&#x2dda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYAA|&#x2ddb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYEE|&#x2ddc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYE|&#x2ddd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE GYO|&#x2dde;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Cyrillic Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2DEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BE|&nbsp;&#x2de0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER VE|&nbsp;&#x2de1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER GHE|&nbsp;&#x2de2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DE|&nbsp;&#x2de3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZHE|&nbsp;&#x2de4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ZE|&nbsp;&#x2de5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER KA|&nbsp;&#x2de6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EL|&nbsp;&#x2de7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EM|&nbsp;&#x2de8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER EN|&nbsp;&#x2de9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER O|&nbsp;&#x2dea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER PE|&nbsp;&#x2deb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ER|&nbsp;&#x2dec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES|&nbsp;&#x2ded;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TE|&nbsp;&#x2dee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER HA|&nbsp;&#x2def;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2DFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER TSE|&nbsp;&#x2df0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER CHE|&nbsp;&#x2df1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHA|&nbsp;&#x2df2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER SHCHA|&nbsp;&#x2df3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER FITA|&nbsp;&#x2df4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER ES-TE|&nbsp;&#x2df5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER A|&nbsp;&#x2df6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IE|&nbsp;&#x2df7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER DJERV|&nbsp;&#x2df8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER MONOGRAPH UK|&nbsp;&#x2df9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YAT|&nbsp;&#x2dfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER YU|&nbsp;&#x2dfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A|&nbsp;&#x2dfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER LITTLE YUS|&nbsp;&#x2dfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER BIG YUS|&nbsp;&#x2dfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS|&nbsp;&#x2dff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Supplemental Punctuation''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE SUBSTITUTION MARKER|&#x2e00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE DOTTED SUBSTITUTION MARKER|&#x2e01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|&#x2e02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|&#x2e03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|&#x2e04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOTTED SUBSTITUTION BRACKET|&#x2e05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED INTERPOLATION MARKER|&#x2e06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOTTED INTERPOLATION MARKER|&#x2e07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED TRANSPOSITION MARKER|&#x2e08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|&#x2e09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TRANSPOSITION BRACKET|&#x2e0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED SQUARE|&#x2e0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|&#x2e0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT RAISED OMISSION BRACKET|&#x2e0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|EDITORIAL CORONIS|&#x2e0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHOS|&nbsp;&#x2e0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|FORKED PARAGRAPHOS|&nbsp;&#x2e10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED FORKED PARAGRAPHOS|&nbsp;&#x2e11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPODIASTOLE|&#x2e12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED OBELOS|&#x2e13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOWNWARDS ANCORA|&#x2e14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|UPWARDS ANCORA|&#x2e15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE|&#x2e16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE OBLIQUE HYPHEN|&#x2e17;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED INTERROBANG|&#x2e18;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PALM BRANCH|&#x2e19;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HYPHEN WITH DIAERESIS|&#x2e1a;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH RING ABOVE|&#x2e1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|&#x2e1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT LOW PARAPHRASE BRACKET|&#x2e1d;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x2e1e;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TILDE WITH DOT BELOW|&#x2e1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|&#x2e20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT VERTICAL BAR WITH QUILL|&#x2e21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP LEFT HALF BRACKET|&#x2e22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP RIGHT HALF BRACKET|&#x2e23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM LEFT HALF BRACKET|&#x2e24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM RIGHT HALF BRACKET|&#x2e25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|&#x2e26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SIDEWAYS U BRACKET|&#x2e27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|&#x2e28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE PARENTHESIS|&#x2e29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x2e2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION|&#x2e2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARED FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION|&#x2e2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|FIVE DOT MARK|&#x2e2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED QUESTION MARK|&#x2e2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL TILDE|&#x2e2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#7ef9ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E3x |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|RING POINT|&#x2e30;}}||style="background:#78ffca"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WORD SEPARATOR MIDDLE DOT|&#x2e31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED COMMA|&#x2e32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED DOT|&#x2e33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RAISED COMMA|&#x2e34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED SEMICOLON|&#x2e35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH LEFT GUARD|&#x2e36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DAGGER WITH RIGHT GUARD|&#x2e37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TURNED DAGGER|&#x2e38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF SECTION SIGN|&#x2e39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TWO-EM DASH|&#x2e3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|THREE-EM DASH|&#x2e3b;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|STENOGRAPHIC FULL STOP|&#x2e3c;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL SIX DOTS|&#x2e3d;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|WIGGLY VERTICAL LINE|&#x2e3e;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CAPITULUM|&#x2e3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b690ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E4x |style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE HYPHEN|&#x2e40;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED COMMA|&#x2e41;}}||style="background:#87abff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE LOW-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK|&#x2e42;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DASH WITH LEFT UPTURN|&#x2e43;}}||style="background:#9c8dff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE SUSPENSION MARK|&#x2e44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA|&#x2e45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|INVERTED LOW KAVYKA WITH KAVYKA ABOVE|&#x2e46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA|&#x2e47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW KAVYKA WITH DOT|&#x2e48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE STACKED COMMA|&#x2e49;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|DOTTED SOLIDUS|&#x2e4a;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE DAGGER|&#x2e4b;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL COMMA|&#x2e4c;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARAGRAPHUS MARK|&#x2e4d;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PUNCTUS ELEVATUS MARK|&#x2e4e;}}||style="background:#e896ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CORNISH VERSE DIVIDER|&#x2e4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffc0e0" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E5x |style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH RIGHT CROSSBAR|&#x2e50;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CROSS PATTY WITH LEFT CROSSBAR|&#x2e51;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|TIRONIAN SIGN CAPITAL ET|&#x2e52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x2e53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|MEDIEVAL QUESTION MARK|&#x2e54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|&#x2e55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH STROKE|&#x2e56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x2e57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH DOUBLE STROKE|&#x2e58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|&#x2e59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TOP HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|&#x2e5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF LEFT PARENTHESIS|&#x2e5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOTTOM HALF RIGHT PARENTHESIS|&#x2e5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|OBLIQUE HYPHEN|&#x2e5d;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Radicals Supplement''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL REPEAT|&#x2e80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLIFF|&#x2e81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND ONE|&#x2e82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND TWO|&#x2e83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SECOND THREE|&#x2e84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PERSON|&#x2e85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOX|&#x2e86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TABLE|&#x2e87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE ONE|&#x2e88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL KNIFE TWO|&#x2e89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DIVINATION|&#x2e8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SEAL|&#x2e8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL ONE|&#x2e8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SMALL TWO|&#x2e8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME ONE|&#x2e8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME TWO|&#x2e8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2E9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME THREE|&#x2e90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LAME FOUR|&#x2e91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNAKE|&#x2e92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL THREAD|&#x2e93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT ONE|&#x2e94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SNOUT TWO|&#x2e95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART ONE|&#x2e96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEART TWO|&#x2e97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HAND|&#x2e98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAP|&#x2e99;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CHOKE|&#x2e9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SUN|&#x2e9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOON|&#x2e9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DEATH|&#x2e9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOTHER|&#x2e9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2EAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CIVILIAN|&#x2ea0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER ONE|&#x2ea1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WATER TWO|&#x2ea2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FIRE|&#x2ea3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW ONE|&#x2ea4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL PAW TWO|&#x2ea5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HALF TREE TRUNK|&#x2ea6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL COW|&#x2ea7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL DOG|&#x2ea8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL JADE|&#x2ea9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|&#x2eaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EYE|&#x2eab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT ONE|&#x2eac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SPIRIT TWO|&#x2ead;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BAMBOO|&#x2eae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SILK|&#x2eaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2EBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SILK|&#x2eb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET ONE|&#x2eb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET TWO|&#x2eb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET THREE|&#x2eb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL NET FOUR|&#x2eb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MESH|&#x2eb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SHEEP|&#x2eb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAM|&#x2eb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EWE|&#x2eb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL OLD|&#x2eb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH ONE|&#x2eba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BRUSH TWO|&#x2ebb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MEAT|&#x2ebc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MORTAR|&#x2ebd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS ONE|&#x2ebe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS TWO|&#x2ebf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2ECx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GRASS THREE|&#x2ec0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TIGER|&#x2ec1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CLOTHES|&#x2ec2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST ONE|&#x2ec3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WEST TWO|&#x2ec4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SEE|&#x2ec5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HORN|&#x2ec6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HORN|&#x2ec7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SPEECH|&#x2ec8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SHELL|&#x2ec9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL FOOT|&#x2eca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED CART|&#x2ecb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WALK|&#x2ecc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK ONE|&#x2ecd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL WALK TWO|&#x2ece;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL CITY|&#x2ecf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2EDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GOLD|&#x2ed0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG ONE|&#x2ed1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL LONG TWO|&#x2ed2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LONG|&#x2ed3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GATE|&#x2ed4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND ONE|&#x2ed5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL MOUND TWO|&#x2ed6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL RAIN|&#x2ed7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BLUE|&#x2ed8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TANNED LEATHER|&#x2ed9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LEAF|&#x2eda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED WIND|&#x2edb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FLY|&#x2edc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT ONE|&#x2edd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT TWO|&#x2ede;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL EAT THREE|&#x2edf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2EEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EAT|&#x2ee0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL HEAD|&#x2ee1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED HORSE|&#x2ee2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL BONE|&#x2ee3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL GHOST|&#x2ee4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FISH|&#x2ee5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED BIRD|&#x2ee6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SALT|&#x2ee7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WHEAT|&#x2ee8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED YELLOW|&#x2ee9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FROG|&#x2eea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|&#x2eeb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EVEN|&#x2eec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|&#x2eed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH|&#x2eee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|&#x2eef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2EFx |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON|&#x2ef0;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL TURTLE|&#x2ef1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|&#x2ef2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE|&#x2ef3;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Kangxi Radicals''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONE|&#x2f00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LINE|&#x2f01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOT|&#x2f02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLASH|&#x2f03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SECOND|&#x2f04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HOOK|&#x2f05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO|&#x2f06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LID|&#x2f07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MAN|&#x2f08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEGS|&#x2f09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENTER|&#x2f0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT|&#x2f0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOWN BOX|&#x2f0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COVER|&#x2f0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ICE|&#x2f0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TABLE|&#x2f0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPEN BOX|&#x2f10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE|&#x2f11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL POWER|&#x2f12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRAP|&#x2f13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPOON|&#x2f14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIGHT OPEN BOX|&#x2f15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HIDING ENCLOSURE|&#x2f16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TEN|&#x2f17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIVINATION|&#x2f18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEAL|&#x2f19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLIFF|&#x2f1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PRIVATE|&#x2f1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AGAIN|&#x2f1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUTH|&#x2f1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ENCLOSURE|&#x2f1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EARTH|&#x2f1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCHOLAR|&#x2f20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO|&#x2f21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GO SLOWLY|&#x2f22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVENING|&#x2f23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIG|&#x2f24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WOMAN|&#x2f25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CHILD|&#x2f26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ROOF|&#x2f27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INCH|&#x2f28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SMALL|&#x2f29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LAME|&#x2f2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CORPSE|&#x2f2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPROUT|&#x2f2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUNTAIN|&#x2f2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RIVER|&#x2f2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WORK|&#x2f2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ONESELF|&#x2f30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURBAN|&#x2f31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRY|&#x2f32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT THREAD|&#x2f33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED CLIFF|&#x2f34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG STRIDE|&#x2f35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TWO HANDS|&#x2f36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHOOT|&#x2f37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOW|&#x2f38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SNOUT|&#x2f39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRISTLE|&#x2f3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEP|&#x2f3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEART|&#x2f3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALBERD|&#x2f3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOOR|&#x2f3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAND|&#x2f3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRANCH|&#x2f40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAP|&#x2f41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SCRIPT|&#x2f42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DIPPER|&#x2f43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AXE|&#x2f44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SQUARE|&#x2f45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOT|&#x2f46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SUN|&#x2f47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SAY|&#x2f48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOON|&#x2f49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TREE|&#x2f4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LACK|&#x2f4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOP|&#x2f4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEATH|&#x2f4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEAPON|&#x2f4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DO NOT|&#x2f4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COMPARE|&#x2f50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FUR|&#x2f51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAN|&#x2f52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STEAM|&#x2f53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WATER|&#x2f54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIRE|&#x2f55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLAW|&#x2f56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FATHER|&#x2f57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOUBLE X|&#x2f58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HALF TREE TRUNK|&#x2f59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLICE|&#x2f5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FANG|&#x2f5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COW|&#x2f5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOG|&#x2f5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PROFOUND|&#x2f5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JADE|&#x2f5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MELON|&#x2f60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TILE|&#x2f61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SWEET|&#x2f62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LIFE|&#x2f63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL USE|&#x2f64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIELD|&#x2f65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH|&#x2f66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SICKNESS|&#x2f67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED TENT|&#x2f68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHITE|&#x2f69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SKIN|&#x2f6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISH|&#x2f6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EYE|&#x2f6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEAR|&#x2f6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARROW|&#x2f6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STONE|&#x2f6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPIRIT|&#x2f70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRACK|&#x2f71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRAIN|&#x2f72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAVE|&#x2f73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STAND|&#x2f74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO|&#x2f75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RICE|&#x2f76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SILK|&#x2f77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL JAR|&#x2f78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NET|&#x2f79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHEEP|&#x2f7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FEATHER|&#x2f7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OLD|&#x2f7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL AND|&#x2f7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PLOW|&#x2f7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAR|&#x2f7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BRUSH|&#x2f80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MEAT|&#x2f81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MINISTER|&#x2f82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SELF|&#x2f83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL ARRIVE|&#x2f84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR|&#x2f85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TONGUE|&#x2f86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL OPPOSE|&#x2f87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BOAT|&#x2f88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL STOPPING|&#x2f89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL COLOR|&#x2f8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GRASS|&#x2f8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TIGER|&#x2f8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL INSECT|&#x2f8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLOOD|&#x2f8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK ENCLOSURE|&#x2f8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2F9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CLOTHES|&#x2f90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WEST|&#x2f91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SEE|&#x2f92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORN|&#x2f93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SPEECH|&#x2f94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VALLEY|&#x2f95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BEAN|&#x2f96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL PIG|&#x2f97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BADGER|&#x2f98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHELL|&#x2f99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RED|&#x2f9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RUN|&#x2f9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FOOT|&#x2f9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BODY|&#x2f9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CART|&#x2f9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BITTER|&#x2f9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MORNING|&#x2fa0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WALK|&#x2fa1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CITY|&#x2fa2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WINE|&#x2fa3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DISTINGUISH|&#x2fa4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL VILLAGE|&#x2fa5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GOLD|&#x2fa6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LONG|&#x2fa7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GATE|&#x2fa8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MOUND|&#x2fa9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SLAVE|&#x2faa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SHORT TAILED BIRD|&#x2fab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAIN|&#x2fac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLUE|&#x2fad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WRONG|&#x2fae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FACE|&#x2faf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEATHER|&#x2fb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TANNED LEATHER|&#x2fb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEEK|&#x2fb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SOUND|&#x2fb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL LEAF|&#x2fb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WIND|&#x2fb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLY|&#x2fb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EAT|&#x2fb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEAD|&#x2fb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT|&#x2fb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HORSE|&#x2fba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BONE|&#x2fbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TALL|&#x2fbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HAIR|&#x2fbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FIGHT|&#x2fbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SACRIFICIAL WINE|&#x2fbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL CAULDRON|&#x2fc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL GHOST|&#x2fc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FISH|&#x2fc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BIRD|&#x2fc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL SALT|&#x2fc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DEER|&#x2fc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL WHEAT|&#x2fc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL HEMP|&#x2fc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL YELLOW|&#x2fc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL MILLET|&#x2fc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL BLACK|&#x2fca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EMBROIDERY|&#x2fcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FROG|&#x2fcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TRIPOD|&#x2fcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRUM|&#x2fce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL RAT|&#x2fcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FDx |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL NOSE|&#x2fd0;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL EVEN|&#x2fd1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TOOTH|&#x2fd2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON|&#x2fd3;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE|&#x2fd4;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KANGXI RADICAL FLUTE|&#x2fd5;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | ''Unassigned'' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Ideographic Description Characters''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|2FFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO RIGHT|&#x2ff0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO BELOW|&#x2ff1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO MIDDLE AND RIGHT|&#x2ff2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO MIDDLE AND BELOW|&#x2ff3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER FULL SURROUND|&#x2ff4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM ABOVE|&#x2ff5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM BELOW|&#x2ff6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LEFT|&#x2ff7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER LEFT|&#x2ff8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER RIGHT|&#x2ff9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER LEFT|&#x2ffa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER OVERLAID|&#x2ffb;}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM RIGHT|&#x2ffc;}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER RIGHT|&#x2ffd;}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER HORIZONTAL REFLECTION|&#x2ffe;}}||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ROTATION|&#x2fff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Symbols and Punctuation''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|300x |style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE|[ID SP]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA|&#x3001;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP|&#x3002;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DITTO MARK|&#x3003;}}||style="background:#ff7c57"|{{H:title|dotted=no|JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD SYMBOL|&#x3004;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ITERATION MARK|&#x3005;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC CLOSING MARK|&#x3006;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC NUMBER ZERO|&#x3007;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT ANGLE BRACKET|&#x3008;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET|&#x3009;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|&#x300a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET|&#x300b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT CORNER BRACKET|&#x300c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT CORNER BRACKET|&#x300d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE CORNER BRACKET|&#x300e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE CORNER BRACKET|&#x300f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|301x |{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET|&#x3010;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET|&#x3011;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|POSTAL MARK|&#x3012;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|GETA MARK|&#x3013;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x3014;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x3015;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE LENTICULAR BRACKET|&#x3016;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE LENTICULAR BRACKET|&#x3017;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x3018;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET|&#x3019;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|&#x301a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET|&#x301b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVE DASH|&#x301c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME QUOTATION MARK|&#x301d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE PRIME QUOTATION MARK|&#x301e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|LOW DOUBLE PRIME QUOTATION MARK|&#x301f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|302x |{{H:title|dotted=no|POSTAL MARK FACE|&#x3020;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL ONE|&#x3021;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL TWO|&#x3022;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL THREE|&#x3023;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL FOUR|&#x3024;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL FIVE|&#x3025;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL SIX|&#x3026;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL SEVEN|&#x3027;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL EIGHT|&#x3028;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL NINE|&#x3029;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC LEVEL TONE MARK|&#x302a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC RISING TONE MARK|&#x302b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DEPARTING TONE MARK|&#x302c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ENTERING TONE MARK|&#x302d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL SINGLE DOT TONE MARK|&#x302e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL DOUBLE DOT TONE MARK|&#x302f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|303x |{{H:title|dotted=no|WAVY DASH|&#x3030;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL KANA REPEAT MARK|&#x3031;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL KANA REPEAT WITH VOICED SOUND MARK|&#x3032;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL KANA REPEAT MARK UPPER HALF|&#x3033;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL KANA REPEAT WITH VOICED SOUND MARK UPPER HALF|&#x3034;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL KANA REPEAT MARK LOWER HALF|&#x3035;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED POSTAL MARK|&#x3036;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH LINE FEED SEPARATOR SYMBOL|&#x3037;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN|&#x3038;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL TWENTY|&#x3039;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGZHOU NUMERAL THIRTY|&#x303a;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC ITERATION MARK|&#x303b;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|MASU MARK|&#x303c;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PART ALTERNATION MARK|&#x303d;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC VARIATION INDICATOR|&#x303e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC HALF FILL SPACE|&#x303f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Hiragana''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|304x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL A|&#x3041;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER A|&#x3042;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL I|&#x3043;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER I|&#x3044;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL U|&#x3045;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER U|&#x3046;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL E|&#x3047;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER E|&#x3048;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL O|&#x3049;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER O|&#x304a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER KA|&#x304b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER GA|&#x304c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER KI|&#x304d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER GI|&#x304e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER KU|&#x304f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|305x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER GU|&#x3050;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER KE|&#x3051;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER GE|&#x3052;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER KO|&#x3053;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER GO|&#x3054;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SA|&#x3055;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER ZA|&#x3056;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SI|&#x3057;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER ZI|&#x3058;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SU|&#x3059;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER ZU|&#x305a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SE|&#x305b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER ZE|&#x305c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SO|&#x305d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER ZO|&#x305e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER TA|&#x305f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|306x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER DA|&#x3060;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER TI|&#x3061;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER DI|&#x3062;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL TU|&#x3063;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER TU|&#x3064;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER DU|&#x3065;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER TE|&#x3066;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER DE|&#x3067;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER TO|&#x3068;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER DO|&#x3069;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER NA|&#x306a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER NI|&#x306b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER NU|&#x306c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER NE|&#x306d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER NO|&#x306e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER HA|&#x306f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|307x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER BA|&#x3070;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER PA|&#x3071;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER HI|&#x3072;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER BI|&#x3073;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER PI|&#x3074;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER HU|&#x3075;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER BU|&#x3076;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER PU|&#x3077;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER HE|&#x3078;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER BE|&#x3079;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER PE|&#x307a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER HO|&#x307b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER BO|&#x307c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER PO|&#x307d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER MA|&#x307e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER MI|&#x307f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|308x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER MU|&#x3080;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER ME|&#x3081;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER MO|&#x3082;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YA|&#x3083;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER YA|&#x3084;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YU|&#x3085;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER YU|&#x3086;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YO|&#x3087;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER YO|&#x3088;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER RA|&#x3089;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER RI|&#x308a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER RU|&#x308b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER RE|&#x308c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER RO|&#x308d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WA|&#x308e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER WA|&#x308f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|309x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER WI|&#x3090;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER WE|&#x3091;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER WO|&#x3092;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER N|&#x3093;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER VU|&#x3094;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL KA|&#x3095;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL KE|&#x3096;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK|&nbsp;&#x3099;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK|&nbsp;&#x309a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK|&#x309b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK|&#x309c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA ITERATION MARK|&#x309d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA VOICED ITERATION MARK|&#x309e;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HIRAGANA DIGRAPH YORI|&#x309f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Katakana''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|30Ax |style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA-HIRAGANA DOUBLE HYPHEN|&#x30a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL A|&#x30a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER A|&#x30a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL I|&#x30a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER I|&#x30a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL U|&#x30a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER U|&#x30a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL E|&#x30a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER E|&#x30a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL O|&#x30a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER O|&#x30aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER KA|&#x30ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER GA|&#x30ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER KI|&#x30ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER GI|&#x30ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER KU|&#x30af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|30Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER GU|&#x30b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER KE|&#x30b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER GE|&#x30b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER KO|&#x30b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER GO|&#x30b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SA|&#x30b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ZA|&#x30b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SI|&#x30b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ZI|&#x30b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SU|&#x30b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ZU|&#x30ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SE|&#x30bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ZE|&#x30bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SO|&#x30bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ZO|&#x30be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER TA|&#x30bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|30Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER DA|&#x30c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER TI|&#x30c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER DI|&#x30c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL TU|&#x30c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER TU|&#x30c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER DU|&#x30c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER TE|&#x30c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER DE|&#x30c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER TO|&#x30c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER DO|&#x30c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER NA|&#x30ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER NI|&#x30cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER NU|&#x30cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER NE|&#x30cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER NO|&#x30ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER HA|&#x30cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|30Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER BA|&#x30d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER PA|&#x30d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER HI|&#x30d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER BI|&#x30d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER PI|&#x30d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER HU|&#x30d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER BU|&#x30d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER PU|&#x30d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER HE|&#x30d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER BE|&#x30d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER PE|&#x30da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER HO|&#x30db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER BO|&#x30dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER PO|&#x30dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER MA|&#x30de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER MI|&#x30df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|30Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER MU|&#x30e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER ME|&#x30e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER MO|&#x30e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YA|&#x30e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER YA|&#x30e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YU|&#x30e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER YU|&#x30e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YO|&#x30e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER YO|&#x30e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER RA|&#x30e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER RI|&#x30ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER RU|&#x30eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER RE|&#x30ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER RO|&#x30ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WA|&#x30ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER WA|&#x30ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|30Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER WI|&#x30f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER WE|&#x30f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER WO|&#x30f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER N|&#x30f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER VU|&#x30f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KA|&#x30f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KE|&#x30f6;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER VA|&#x30f7;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER VI|&#x30f8;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER VE|&#x30f9;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER VO|&#x30fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT|&#x30fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK|&#x30fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA ITERATION MARK|&#x30fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA VOICED ITERATION MARK|&#x30fe;}}||style="background:#b1ff69"|{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA DIGRAPH KOTO|&#x30ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Bopomofo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|310x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER B|&#x3105;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER P|&#x3106;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER M|&#x3107;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER F|&#x3108;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER D|&#x3109;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER T|&#x310a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER N|&#x310b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER L|&#x310c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER G|&#x310d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER K|&#x310e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER H|&#x310f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|311x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER J|&#x3110;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER Q|&#x3111;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER X|&#x3112;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER ZH|&#x3113;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER CH|&#x3114;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER SH|&#x3115;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER R|&#x3116;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER Z|&#x3117;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER C|&#x3118;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER S|&#x3119;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER A|&#x311a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER O|&#x311b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER E|&#x311c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER EH|&#x311d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER AI|&#x311e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER EI|&#x311f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|312x |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER AU|&#x3120;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER OU|&#x3121;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER AN|&#x3122;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER EN|&#x3123;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER ANG|&#x3124;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER ENG|&#x3125;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER ER|&#x3126;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER I|&#x3127;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER U|&#x3128;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER IU|&#x3129;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER V|&#x312a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER NG|&#x312b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER GN|&#x312c;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER IH|&#x312d;}}||style="background:#b690ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE|&#x312e;}}||style="background:#d093ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER NN|&#x312f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Hangul Compatibility Jamo''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|313x |style="background:#777777"|&nbsp;||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER KIYEOK|&#x3131;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SSANGKIYEOK|&#x3132;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER KIYEOK-SIOS|&#x3133;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER NIEUN|&#x3134;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-CIEUC|&#x3135;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-HIEUH|&#x3136;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER TIKEUT|&#x3137;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SSANGTIKEUT|&#x3138;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL|&#x3139;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-KIYEOK|&#x313a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-MIEUM|&#x313b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-PIEUP|&#x313c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-SIOS|&#x313d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-THIEUTH|&#x313e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-PHIEUPH|&#x313f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|314x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-HIEUH|&#x3140;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER MIEUM|&#x3141;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER PIEUP|&#x3142;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SSANGPIEUP|&#x3143;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-SIOS|&#x3144;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SIOS|&#x3145;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SSANGSIOS|&#x3146;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER IEUNG|&#x3147;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER CIEUC|&#x3148;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SSANGCIEUC|&#x3149;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER CHIEUCH|&#x314a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER KHIEUKH|&#x314b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER THIEUTH|&#x314c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER PHIEUPH|&#x314d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER HIEUH|&#x314e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER A|&#x314f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|315x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER AE|&#x3150;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YA|&#x3151;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YAE|&#x3152;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER EO|&#x3153;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER E|&#x3154;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YEO|&#x3155;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YE|&#x3156;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER O|&#x3157;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER WA|&#x3158;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER WAE|&#x3159;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER OE|&#x315a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YO|&#x315b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER U|&#x315c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER WEO|&#x315d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER WE|&#x315e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER WI|&#x315f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|316x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YU|&#x3160;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER EU|&#x3161;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YI|&#x3162;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER I|&#x3163;}}||style="font-size:75%"|{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL FILLER|[HF]}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SSANGNIEUN|&#x3165;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-TIKEUT|&#x3166;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-SIOS|&#x3167;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-PANSIOS|&#x3168;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-KIYEOK-SIOS|&#x3169;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-TIKEUT|&#x316a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-PIEUP-SIOS|&#x316b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-PANSIOS|&#x316c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-YEORINHIEUH|&#x316d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER MIEUM-PIEUP|&#x316e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER MIEUM-SIOS|&#x316f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|317x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER MIEUM-PANSIOS|&#x3170;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER KAPYEOUNMIEUM|&#x3171;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-KIYEOK|&#x3172;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-TIKEUT|&#x3173;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-SIOS-KIYEOK|&#x3174;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-SIOS-TIKEUT|&#x3175;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-CIEUC|&#x3176;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-THIEUTH|&#x3177;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER KAPYEOUNPIEUP|&#x3178;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER KAPYEOUNSSANGPIEUP|&#x3179;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SIOS-KIYEOK|&#x317a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SIOS-NIEUN|&#x317b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SIOS-TIKEUT|&#x317c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SIOS-PIEUP|&#x317d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SIOS-CIEUC|&#x317e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER PANSIOS|&#x317f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|318x |{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SSANGIEUNG|&#x3180;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YESIEUNG|&#x3181;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YESIEUNG-SIOS|&#x3182;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YESIEUNG-PANSIOS|&#x3183;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER KAPYEOUNPHIEUPH|&#x3184;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER SSANGHIEUH|&#x3185;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YEORINHIEUH|&#x3186;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YO-YA|&#x3187;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YO-YAE|&#x3188;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YO-I|&#x3189;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YU-YEO|&#x318a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YU-YE|&#x318b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER YU-I|&#x318c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER ARAEA|&#x318d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HANGUL LETTER ARAEAE|&#x318e;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Kanbun''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|319x |{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION LINKING MARK|&#x3190;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION REVERSE MARK|&#x3191;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION ONE MARK|&#x3192;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION TWO MARK|&#x3193;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION THREE MARK|&#x3194;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION FOUR MARK|&#x3195;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION TOP MARK|&#x3196;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION MIDDLE MARK|&#x3197;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION BOTTOM MARK|&#x3198;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION FIRST MARK|&#x3199;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION SECOND MARK|&#x319a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION THIRD MARK|&#x319b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION FOURTH MARK|&#x319c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION HEAVEN MARK|&#x319d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION EARTH MARK|&#x319e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION MAN MARK|&#x319f;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Bopomofo Extended''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|31Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER BU|&#x31a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER ZI|&#x31a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER JI|&#x31a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER GU|&#x31a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER EE|&#x31a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER ENN|&#x31a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER OO|&#x31a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER ONN|&#x31a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER IR|&#x31a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER ANN|&#x31a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER INN|&#x31aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER UNN|&#x31ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER IM|&#x31ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER NGG|&#x31ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER AINN|&#x31ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER AUNN|&#x31af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|31Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER AM|&#x31b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER OM|&#x31b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER ONG|&#x31b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER INNN|&#x31b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER P|&#x31b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER T|&#x31b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER K|&#x31b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER H|&#x31b7;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER GH|&#x31b8;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER LH|&#x31b9;}}||style="background:#7bffe8"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER ZY|&#x31ba;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER G|&#x31bb;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER GW|&#x31bc;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER KW|&#x31bd;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER OE|&#x31be;}}||style="background:#ffb0ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|BOPOMOFO LETTER AH|&#x31bf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Strokes''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#75ff6f" !style="background:#ffffff"|31Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE T|&#x31c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE WG|&#x31c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE XG|&#x31c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE BXG|&#x31c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE SW|&#x31c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HZZ|&#x31c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HZG|&#x31c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HP|&#x31c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HZWG|&#x31c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE SZWG|&#x31c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HZT|&#x31ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HZZP|&#x31cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HPWG|&#x31cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HZW|&#x31cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HZZZ|&#x31ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE N|&#x31cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#75ffab" !style="background:#ffffff"|31Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE H|&#x31d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE S|&#x31d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE P|&#x31d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE SP|&#x31d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE D|&#x31d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HZ|&#x31d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HG|&#x31d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE SZ|&#x31d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE SWZ|&#x31d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE ST|&#x31d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE SG|&#x31da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE PD|&#x31db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE PZ|&#x31dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE TN|&#x31dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE SZZ|&#x31de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE SWG|&#x31df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|31Ex |style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HXWG|&#x31e0;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HZZZG|&#x31e1;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE PG|&#x31e2;}}||style="background:#75ffab"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE Q|&#x31e3;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE HXG|&#x31e4;}}||style="background:#edc3b4"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK STROKE SZP|&#x31e5;}}||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#ffd0c0"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SUBTRACTION|&#x31ef;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Katakana Phonetic Extensions''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|31Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KU|&#x31f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL SI|&#x31f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL SU|&#x31f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL TO|&#x31f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL NU|&#x31f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL HA|&#x31f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL HI|&#x31f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL HU|&#x31f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL HE|&#x31f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL HO|&#x31f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL MU|&#x31fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL RA|&#x31fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL RI|&#x31fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL RU|&#x31fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL RE|&#x31fe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KATAKANA LETTER SMALL RO|&#x31ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed CJK Letters and Months''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|320x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KIYEOK|&#x3200;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL NIEUN|&#x3201;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL TIKEUT|&#x3202;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL RIEUL|&#x3203;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL MIEUM|&#x3204;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL PIEUP|&#x3205;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL SIOS|&#x3206;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL IEUNG|&#x3207;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CIEUC|&#x3208;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CHIEUCH|&#x3209;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KHIEUKH|&#x320a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL THIEUTH|&#x320b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL PHIEUPH|&#x320c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL HIEUH|&#x320d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KIYEOK A|&#x320e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL NIEUN A|&#x320f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|321x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL TIKEUT A|&#x3210;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL RIEUL A|&#x3211;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL MIEUM A|&#x3212;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL PIEUP A|&#x3213;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL SIOS A|&#x3214;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL IEUNG A|&#x3215;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CIEUC A|&#x3216;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CHIEUCH A|&#x3217;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KHIEUKH A|&#x3218;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL THIEUTH A|&#x3219;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL PHIEUPH A|&#x321a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL HIEUH A|&#x321b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CIEUC U|&#x321c;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED KOREAN CHARACTER OJEON|&#x321d;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED KOREAN CHARACTER O HU|&#x321e;}}||style="background:#777777"|&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|322x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ONE|&#x3220;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH TWO|&#x3221;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH THREE|&#x3222;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FOUR|&#x3223;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FIVE|&#x3224;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SIX|&#x3225;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SEVEN|&#x3226;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT|&#x3227;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH NINE|&#x3228;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH TEN|&#x3229;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH MOON|&#x322a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FIRE|&#x322b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH WATER|&#x322c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH WOOD|&#x322d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH METAL|&#x322e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH EARTH|&#x322f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|323x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SUN|&#x3230;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH STOCK|&#x3231;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH HAVE|&#x3232;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SOCIETY|&#x3233;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH NAME|&#x3234;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SPECIAL|&#x3235;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FINANCIAL|&#x3236;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH CONGRATULATION|&#x3237;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH LABOR|&#x3238;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH REPRESENT|&#x3239;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH CALL|&#x323a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH STUDY|&#x323b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SUPERVISE|&#x323c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ENTERPRISE|&#x323d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH RESOURCE|&#x323e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ALLIANCE|&#x323f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#78ffca" !style="background:#ffffff"|324x |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FESTIVAL|&#x3240;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH REST|&#x3241;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SELF|&#x3242;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH REACH|&#x3243;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH QUESTION|&#x3244;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH KINDERGARTEN|&#x3245;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SCHOOL|&#x3246;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH KOTO|&#x3247;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TEN ON BLACK SQUARE|&#x3248;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY ON BLACK SQUARE|&#x3249;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY ON BLACK SQUARE|&#x324a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY ON BLACK SQUARE|&#x324b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY ON BLACK SQUARE|&#x324c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY ON BLACK SQUARE|&#x324d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY ON BLACK SQUARE|&#x324e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTY ON BLACK SQUARE|&#x324f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|325x |style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARTNERSHIP SIGN|&#x3250;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY ONE|&#x3251;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY TWO|&#x3252;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY THREE|&#x3253;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY FOUR|&#x3254;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY FIVE|&#x3255;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY SIX|&#x3256;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY SEVEN|&#x3257;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY EIGHT|&#x3258;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY NINE|&#x3259;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY|&#x325a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY ONE|&#x325b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY TWO|&#x325c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY THREE|&#x325d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY FOUR|&#x325e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY FIVE|&#x325f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|326x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL KIYEOK|&#x3260;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL NIEUN|&#x3261;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL TIKEUT|&#x3262;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL RIEUL|&#x3263;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL MIEUM|&#x3264;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL PIEUP|&#x3265;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL SIOS|&#x3266;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL IEUNG|&#x3267;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL CIEUC|&#x3268;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL CHIEUCH|&#x3269;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL KHIEUKH|&#x326a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL THIEUTH|&#x326b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL PHIEUPH|&#x326c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL HIEUH|&#x326d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL KIYEOK A|&#x326e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL NIEUN A|&#x326f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|327x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL TIKEUT A|&#x3270;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL RIEUL A|&#x3271;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL MIEUM A|&#x3272;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL PIEUP A|&#x3273;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL SIOS A|&#x3274;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL IEUNG A|&#x3275;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL CIEUC A|&#x3276;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL CHIEUCH A|&#x3277;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL KHIEUKH A|&#x3278;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL THIEUTH A|&#x3279;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL PHIEUPH A|&#x327a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL HIEUH A|&#x327b;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KOREAN CHARACTER CHAMKO|&#x327c;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KOREAN CHARACTER JUEUI|&#x327d;}}||style="background:#75ff6f"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED HANGUL IEUNG U|&#x327e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|KOREAN STANDARD SYMBOL|&#x327f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|328x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ONE|&#x3280;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH TWO|&#x3281;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH THREE|&#x3282;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH FOUR|&#x3283;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH FIVE|&#x3284;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SIX|&#x3285;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SEVEN|&#x3286;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT|&#x3287;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH NINE|&#x3288;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH TEN|&#x3289;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH MOON|&#x328a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH FIRE|&#x328b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH WATER|&#x328c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH WOOD|&#x328d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH METAL|&#x328e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EARTH|&#x328f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|329x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SUN|&#x3290;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH STOCK|&#x3291;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH HAVE|&#x3292;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SOCIETY|&#x3293;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH NAME|&#x3294;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SPECIAL|&#x3295;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH FINANCIAL|&#x3296;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH CONGRATULATION|&#x3297;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH LABOR|&#x3298;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SECRET|&#x3299;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH MALE|&#x329a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH FEMALE|&#x329b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SUITABLE|&#x329c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH EXCELLENT|&#x329d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH PRINT|&#x329e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ATTENTION|&#x329f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|32Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ITEM|&#x32a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH REST|&#x32a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH COPY|&#x32a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH CORRECT|&#x32a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH HIGH|&#x32a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH CENTRE|&#x32a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH LOW|&#x32a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH LEFT|&#x32a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH RIGHT|&#x32a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH MEDICINE|&#x32a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH RELIGION|&#x32aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH STUDY|&#x32ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SUPERVISE|&#x32ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ENTERPRISE|&#x32ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH RESOURCE|&#x32ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH ALLIANCE|&#x32af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#b1ff69" !style="background:#ffffff"|32Bx |style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH NIGHT|&#x32b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY SIX|&#x32b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY SEVEN|&#x32b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY EIGHT|&#x32b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTY NINE|&#x32b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY|&#x32b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY ONE|&#x32b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY TWO|&#x32b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY THREE|&#x32b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY FOUR|&#x32b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY FIVE|&#x32ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY SIX|&#x32bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY SEVEN|&#x32bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY EIGHT|&#x32bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FORTY NINE|&#x32be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY|&#x32bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|32Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR JANUARY|&#x32c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR FEBRUARY|&#x32c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR MARCH|&#x32c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR APRIL|&#x32c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR MAY|&#x32c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR JUNE|&#x32c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR JULY|&#x32c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR AUGUST|&#x32c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR SEPTEMBER|&#x32c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR OCTOBER|&#x32c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR NOVEMBER|&#x32ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DECEMBER|&#x32cb;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HG|&#x32cc;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ERG|&#x32cd;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE EV|&#x32ce;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|LIMITED LIABILITY SIGN|&#x32cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|32Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA A|&#x32d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA I|&#x32d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA U|&#x32d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA E|&#x32d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA O|&#x32d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA KA|&#x32d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA KI|&#x32d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA KU|&#x32d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA KE|&#x32d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA KO|&#x32d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA SA|&#x32da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA SI|&#x32db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA SU|&#x32dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA SE|&#x32dd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA SO|&#x32de;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA TA|&#x32df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|32Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA TI|&#x32e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA TU|&#x32e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA TE|&#x32e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA TO|&#x32e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA NA|&#x32e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA NI|&#x32e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA NU|&#x32e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA NE|&#x32e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA NO|&#x32e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA HA|&#x32e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA HI|&#x32ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA HU|&#x32eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA HE|&#x32ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA HO|&#x32ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA MA|&#x32ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA MI|&#x32ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|32Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA MU|&#x32f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA ME|&#x32f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA MO|&#x32f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA YA|&#x32f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA YU|&#x32f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA YO|&#x32f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA RA|&#x32f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA RI|&#x32f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA RU|&#x32f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA RE|&#x32f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA RO|&#x32fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA WA|&#x32fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA WI|&#x32fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA WE|&#x32fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED KATAKANA WO|&#x32fe;}}||style="background:#ff99ff"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ERA NAME REIWA|&#x32ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Compatibility''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|330x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE APAATO|&#x3300;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ARUHUA|&#x3301;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ANPEA|&#x3302;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE AARU|&#x3303;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ININGU|&#x3304;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE INTI|&#x3305;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE UON|&#x3306;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ESUKUUDO|&#x3307;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE EEKAA|&#x3308;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ONSU|&#x3309;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE OOMU|&#x330a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KAIRI|&#x330b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KARATTO|&#x330c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KARORII|&#x330d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GARON|&#x330e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GANMA|&#x330f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|331x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GIGA|&#x3310;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GINII|&#x3311;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KYURII|&#x3312;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GIRUDAA|&#x3313;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KIRO|&#x3314;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KIROGURAMU|&#x3315;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KIROMEETORU|&#x3316;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KIROWATTO|&#x3317;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GURAMU|&#x3318;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GURAMUTON|&#x3319;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KURUZEIRO|&#x331a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KUROONE|&#x331b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KEESU|&#x331c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KORUNA|&#x331d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KOOPO|&#x331e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SAIKURU|&#x331f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|332x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SANTIIMU|&#x3320;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SIRINGU|&#x3321;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SENTI|&#x3322;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SENTO|&#x3323;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE DAASU|&#x3324;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE DESI|&#x3325;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE DORU|&#x3326;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE TON|&#x3327;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE NANO|&#x3328;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE NOTTO|&#x3329;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HAITU|&#x332a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PAASENTO|&#x332b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PAATU|&#x332c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE BAARERU|&#x332d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PIASUTORU|&#x332e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PIKURU|&#x332f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|333x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PIKO|&#x3330;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE BIRU|&#x3331;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HUARADDO|&#x3332;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HUIITO|&#x3333;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE BUSSYERU|&#x3334;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HURAN|&#x3335;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HEKUTAARU|&#x3336;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PESO|&#x3337;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PENIHI|&#x3338;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HERUTU|&#x3339;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PENSU|&#x333a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PEEZI|&#x333b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE BEETA|&#x333c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE POINTO|&#x333d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE BORUTO|&#x333e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HON|&#x333f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|334x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PONDO|&#x3340;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HOORU|&#x3341;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HOON|&#x3342;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MAIKURO|&#x3343;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MAIRU|&#x3344;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MAHHA|&#x3345;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MARUKU|&#x3346;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MANSYON|&#x3347;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MIKURON|&#x3348;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MIRI|&#x3349;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MIRIBAARU|&#x334a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MEGA|&#x334b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MEGATON|&#x334c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MEETORU|&#x334d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE YAADO|&#x334e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE YAARU|&#x334f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|335x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE YUAN|&#x3350;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RITTORU|&#x3351;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RIRA|&#x3352;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RUPII|&#x3353;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RUUBURU|&#x3354;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE REMU|&#x3355;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RENTOGEN|&#x3356;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WATTO|&#x3357;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR ZERO|&#x3358;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR ONE|&#x3359;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR TWO|&#x335a;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR THREE|&#x335b;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR FOUR|&#x335c;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR FIVE|&#x335d;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR SIX|&#x335e;}}||style="background:#ffa25a"|{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR SEVEN|&#x335f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|336x |{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR EIGHT|&#x3360;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR NINE|&#x3361;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR TEN|&#x3362;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR ELEVEN|&#x3363;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR TWELVE|&#x3364;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR THIRTEEN|&#x3365;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR FOURTEEN|&#x3366;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR FIFTEEN|&#x3367;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR SIXTEEN|&#x3368;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR SEVENTEEN|&#x3369;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR EIGHTEEN|&#x336a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR NINETEEN|&#x336b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR TWENTY|&#x336c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR TWENTY-ONE|&#x336d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR TWENTY-TWO|&#x336e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR TWENTY-THREE|&#x336f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|337x |{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR HOUR TWENTY-FOUR|&#x3370;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HPA|&#x3371;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE DA|&#x3372;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE AU|&#x3373;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE BAR|&#x3374;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE OV|&#x3375;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PC|&#x3376;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE DM|&#x3377;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE DM SQUARED|&#x3378;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE DM CUBED|&#x3379;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IU|&#x337a;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ERA NAME HEISEI|&#x337b;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ERA NAME SYOUWA|&#x337c;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ERA NAME TAISYOU|&#x337d;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ERA NAME MEIZI|&#x337e;}}||style="background:#ff5555"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CORPORATION|&#x337f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|338x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PA AMPS|&#x3380;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE NA|&#x3381;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MU A|&#x3382;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MA|&#x3383;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KA|&#x3384;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KB|&#x3385;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MB|&#x3386;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GB|&#x3387;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CAL|&#x3388;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KCAL|&#x3389;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PF|&#x338a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE NF|&#x338b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MU F|&#x338c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MU G|&#x338d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MG|&#x338e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KG|&#x338f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|339x |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HZ|&#x3390;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KHZ|&#x3391;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MHZ|&#x3392;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GHZ|&#x3393;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE THZ|&#x3394;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MU L|&#x3395;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE ML|&#x3396;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE DL|&#x3397;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KL|&#x3398;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE FM|&#x3399;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE NM|&#x339a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MU M|&#x339b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MM|&#x339c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CM|&#x339d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KM|&#x339e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MM SQUARED|&#x339f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|33Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CM SQUARED|&#x33a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE M SQUARED|&#x33a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KM SQUARED|&#x33a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MM CUBED|&#x33a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CM CUBED|&#x33a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE M CUBED|&#x33a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KM CUBED|&#x33a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE M OVER S|&#x33a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE M OVER S SQUARED|&#x33a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PA|&#x33a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KPA|&#x33aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MPA|&#x33ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GPA|&#x33ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RAD|&#x33ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RAD OVER S|&#x33ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE RAD OVER S SQUARED|&#x33af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|33Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PS|&#x33b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE NS|&#x33b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MU S|&#x33b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MS|&#x33b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PV|&#x33b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE NV|&#x33b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MU V|&#x33b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MV|&#x33b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KV|&#x33b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MV MEGA|&#x33b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PW|&#x33ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE NW|&#x33bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MU W|&#x33bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MW|&#x33bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KW|&#x33be;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MW MEGA|&#x33bf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|33Cx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE K OHM|&#x33c0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE M OHM|&#x33c1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE AM|&#x33c2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE BQ|&#x33c3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CC|&#x33c4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CD|&#x33c5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE C OVER KG|&#x33c6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE CO|&#x33c7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE DB|&#x33c8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GY|&#x33c9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HA|&#x33ca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE HP|&#x33cb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE IN|&#x33cc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KK|&#x33cd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KM CAPITAL|&#x33ce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE KT|&#x33cf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff5555" !style="background:#ffffff"|33Dx |{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LM|&#x33d0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LN|&#x33d1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LOG|&#x33d2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE LX|&#x33d3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MB SMALL|&#x33d4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MIL|&#x33d5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE MOL|&#x33d6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PH|&#x33d7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PM|&#x33d8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PPM|&#x33d9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE PR|&#x33da;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SR|&#x33db;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE SV|&#x33dc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE WB|&#x33dd;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE V OVER M|&#x33de;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE A OVER M|&#x33df;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|33Ex |{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY ONE|&#x33e0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWO|&#x33e1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY THREE|&#x33e2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY FOUR|&#x33e3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY FIVE|&#x33e4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY SIX|&#x33e5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY SEVEN|&#x33e6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY EIGHT|&#x33e7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY NINE|&#x33e8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TEN|&#x33e9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY ELEVEN|&#x33ea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWELVE|&#x33eb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY THIRTEEN|&#x33ec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY FOURTEEN|&#x33ed;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY FIFTEEN|&#x33ee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY SIXTEEN|&#x33ef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffa25a" !style="background:#ffffff"|33Fx |{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY SEVENTEEN|&#x33f0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY EIGHTEEN|&#x33f1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY NINETEEN|&#x33f2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWENTY|&#x33f3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWENTY-ONE|&#x33f4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWENTY-TWO|&#x33f5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWENTY-THREE|&#x33f6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWENTY-FOUR|&#x33f7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWENTY-FIVE|&#x33f8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWENTY-SIX|&#x33f9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWENTY-SEVEN|&#x33fa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWENTY-EIGHT|&#x33fb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY TWENTY-NINE|&#x33fc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY THIRTY|&#x33fd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR DAY THIRTY-ONE|&#x33fe;}}||style="background:#92ff6c"|{{H:title|dotted=no|SQUARE GAL|&#x33ff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|340x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3400|&#x3400;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3401|&#x3401;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3402|&#x3402;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3403|&#x3403;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3404|&#x3404;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3405|&#x3405;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3406|&#x3406;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3407|&#x3407;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3408|&#x3408;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3409|&#x3409;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-340A|&#x340a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-340B|&#x340b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-340C|&#x340c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-340D|&#x340d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-340E|&#x340e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-340F|&#x340f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|341x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3410|&#x3410;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3411|&#x3411;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3412|&#x3412;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3413|&#x3413;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3414|&#x3414;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3415|&#x3415;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3416|&#x3416;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3417|&#x3417;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3418|&#x3418;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3419|&#x3419;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-341A|&#x341a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-341B|&#x341b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-341C|&#x341c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-341D|&#x341d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-341E|&#x341e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-341F|&#x341f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|342x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3420|&#x3420;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3421|&#x3421;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3422|&#x3422;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3423|&#x3423;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3424|&#x3424;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3425|&#x3425;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3426|&#x3426;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3427|&#x3427;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3428|&#x3428;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3429|&#x3429;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-342A|&#x342a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-342B|&#x342b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-342C|&#x342c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-342D|&#x342d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-342E|&#x342e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-342F|&#x342f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|343x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3430|&#x3430;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3431|&#x3431;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3432|&#x3432;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3433|&#x3433;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3434|&#x3434;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3435|&#x3435;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3436|&#x3436;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3437|&#x3437;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3438|&#x3438;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3439|&#x3439;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-343A|&#x343a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-343B|&#x343b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-343C|&#x343c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-343D|&#x343d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-343E|&#x343e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-343F|&#x343f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|344x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3440|&#x3440;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3441|&#x3441;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3442|&#x3442;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3443|&#x3443;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3444|&#x3444;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3445|&#x3445;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3446|&#x3446;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3447|&#x3447;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3448|&#x3448;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3449|&#x3449;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-344A|&#x344a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-344B|&#x344b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-344C|&#x344c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-344D|&#x344d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-344E|&#x344e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-344F|&#x344f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|345x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3450|&#x3450;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3451|&#x3451;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3452|&#x3452;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3453|&#x3453;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3454|&#x3454;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3455|&#x3455;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3456|&#x3456;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3457|&#x3457;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3458|&#x3458;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3459|&#x3459;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-345A|&#x345a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-345B|&#x345b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-345C|&#x345c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-345D|&#x345d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-345E|&#x345e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-345F|&#x345f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|346x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3460|&#x3460;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3461|&#x3461;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3462|&#x3462;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3463|&#x3463;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3464|&#x3464;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3465|&#x3465;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3466|&#x3466;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3467|&#x3467;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3468|&#x3468;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3469|&#x3469;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-346A|&#x346a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-346B|&#x346b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-346C|&#x346c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-346D|&#x346d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-346E|&#x346e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-346F|&#x346f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|347x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3470|&#x3470;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3471|&#x3471;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3472|&#x3472;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3473|&#x3473;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3474|&#x3474;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3475|&#x3475;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3476|&#x3476;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3477|&#x3477;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3478|&#x3478;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3479|&#x3479;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-347A|&#x347a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-347B|&#x347b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-347C|&#x347c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-347D|&#x347d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-347E|&#x347e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-347F|&#x347f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|348x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3480|&#x3480;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3481|&#x3481;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3482|&#x3482;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3483|&#x3483;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3484|&#x3484;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3485|&#x3485;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3486|&#x3486;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3487|&#x3487;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3488|&#x3488;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3489|&#x3489;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-348A|&#x348a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-348B|&#x348b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-348C|&#x348c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-348D|&#x348d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-348E|&#x348e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-348F|&#x348f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|349x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3490|&#x3490;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3491|&#x3491;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3492|&#x3492;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3493|&#x3493;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3494|&#x3494;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3495|&#x3495;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3496|&#x3496;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3497|&#x3497;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3498|&#x3498;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3499|&#x3499;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-349A|&#x349a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-349B|&#x349b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-349C|&#x349c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-349D|&#x349d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-349E|&#x349e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-349F|&#x349f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|34Ax |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34A0|&#x34a0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34A1|&#x34a1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34A2|&#x34a2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34A3|&#x34a3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34A4|&#x34a4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34A5|&#x34a5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34A6|&#x34a6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34A7|&#x34a7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34A8|&#x34a8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34A9|&#x34a9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34AA|&#x34aa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34AB|&#x34ab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34AC|&#x34ac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34AD|&#x34ad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34AE|&#x34ae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34AF|&#x34af;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#f1ff63" !style="background:#ffffff"|34Bx |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34B0|&#x34b0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34B1|&#x34b1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34B2|&#x34b2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34B3|&#x34b3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34B4|&#x34b4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34B5|&#x34b5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34B6|&#x34b6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34B7|&#x34b7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34B8|&#x34b8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34B9|&#x34b9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34BA|&#x34ba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34BB|&#x34bb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34BC|&#x34bc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-34BD|&#x34bd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED 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IDEOGRAPH-4DA3|&#x4da3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DA4|&#x4da4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DA5|&#x4da5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DA6|&#x4da6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DA7|&#x4da7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DA8|&#x4da8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DA9|&#x4da9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DAA|&#x4daa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DAB|&#x4dab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DAC|&#x4dac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DAD|&#x4dad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DAE|&#x4dae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DAF|&#x4daf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ffb0ff" !style="background:#ffffff"|4DBx |style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DB0|&#x4db0;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DB1|&#x4db1;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DB2|&#x4db2;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DB3|&#x4db3;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DB4|&#x4db4;}}||style="background:#f1ff63"|{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DB5|&#x4db5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DB6|&#x4db6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DB7|&#x4db7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DB8|&#x4db8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DB9|&#x4db9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DBA|&#x4dba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DBB|&#x4dbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DBC|&#x4dbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DBD|&#x4dbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DBE|&#x4dbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DBF|&#x4dbf;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Yijing Hexagram Symbols''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|4DCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE CREATIVE HEAVEN|&#x4dc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE RECEPTIVE EARTH|&#x4dc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR DIFFICULTY AT THE BEGINNING|&#x4dc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR YOUTHFUL FOLLY|&#x4dc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR WAITING|&#x4dc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR CONFLICT|&#x4dc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE ARMY|&#x4dc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR HOLDING TOGETHER|&#x4dc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR SMALL TAMING|&#x4dc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR TREADING|&#x4dc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR PEACE|&#x4dca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR STANDSTILL|&#x4dcb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR FELLOWSHIP|&#x4dcc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR GREAT POSSESSION|&#x4dcd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR MODESTY|&#x4dce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR ENTHUSIASM|&#x4dcf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|4DDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR FOLLOWING|&#x4dd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR WORK ON THE DECAYED|&#x4dd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR APPROACH|&#x4dd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR CONTEMPLATION|&#x4dd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR BITING THROUGH|&#x4dd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR GRACE|&#x4dd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR SPLITTING APART|&#x4dd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR RETURN|&#x4dd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR INNOCENCE|&#x4dd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR GREAT TAMING|&#x4dd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR MOUTH CORNERS|&#x4dda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR GREAT PREPONDERANCE|&#x4ddb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE ABYSMAL WATER|&#x4ddc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE CLINGING FIRE|&#x4ddd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR INFLUENCE|&#x4dde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR DURATION|&#x4ddf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|4DEx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR RETREAT|&#x4de0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR GREAT POWER|&#x4de1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR PROGRESS|&#x4de2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR DARKENING OF THE LIGHT|&#x4de3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE FAMILY|&#x4de4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR OPPOSITION|&#x4de5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR OBSTRUCTION|&#x4de6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR DELIVERANCE|&#x4de7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR DECREASE|&#x4de8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR INCREASE|&#x4de9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR BREAKTHROUGH|&#x4dea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR COMING TO MEET|&#x4deb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR GATHERING TOGETHER|&#x4dec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR PUSHING UPWARD|&#x4ded;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR OPPRESSION|&#x4dee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE WELL|&#x4def;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#92ff6c" !style="background:#ffffff"|4DFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR REVOLUTION|&#x4df0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE CAULDRON|&#x4df1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE AROUSING THUNDER|&#x4df2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE KEEPING STILL MOUNTAIN|&#x4df3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR DEVELOPMENT|&#x4df4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE MARRYING MAIDEN|&#x4df5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR ABUNDANCE|&#x4df6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE WANDERER|&#x4df7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE GENTLE WIND|&#x4df8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR THE JOYOUS LAKE|&#x4df9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR DISPERSION|&#x4dfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR LIMITATION|&#x4dfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR INNER TRUTH|&#x4dfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR SMALL PREPONDERANCE|&#x4dfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR AFTER COMPLETION|&#x4dfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|HEXAGRAM FOR BEFORE COMPLETION|&#x4dff;}} |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''CJK Unified Ideographs''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|4E0x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E00|&#x4e00;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E01|&#x4e01;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E02|&#x4e02;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E03|&#x4e03;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E04|&#x4e04;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E05|&#x4e05;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E06|&#x4e06;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E07|&#x4e07;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E08|&#x4e08;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E09|&#x4e09;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0A|&#x4e0a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0B|&#x4e0b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0C|&#x4e0c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0D|&#x4e0d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0E|&#x4e0e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E0F|&#x4e0f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|4E1x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E10|&#x4e10;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E11|&#x4e11;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E12|&#x4e12;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E13|&#x4e13;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E14|&#x4e14;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E15|&#x4e15;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E16|&#x4e16;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E17|&#x4e17;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E18|&#x4e18;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E19|&#x4e19;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E1A|&#x4e1a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E1B|&#x4e1b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E1C|&#x4e1c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E1D|&#x4e1d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E1E|&#x4e1e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E1F|&#x4e1f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|4E2x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E20|&#x4e20;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E21|&#x4e21;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E22|&#x4e22;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E23|&#x4e23;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E24|&#x4e24;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E25|&#x4e25;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E26|&#x4e26;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E27|&#x4e27;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E28|&#x4e28;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E29|&#x4e29;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2A|&#x4e2a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2B|&#x4e2b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2C|&#x4e2c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2D|&#x4e2d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2E|&#x4e2e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E2F|&#x4e2f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|4E3x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E30|&#x4e30;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E31|&#x4e31;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E32|&#x4e32;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E33|&#x4e33;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E34|&#x4e34;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E35|&#x4e35;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E36|&#x4e36;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E37|&#x4e37;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E38|&#x4e38;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E39|&#x4e39;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E3A|&#x4e3a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E3B|&#x4e3b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E3C|&#x4e3c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E3D|&#x4e3d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E3E|&#x4e3e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E3F|&#x4e3f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|4E4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E40|&#x4e40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E41|&#x4e41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E42|&#x4e42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E43|&#x4e43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E44|&#x4e44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E45|&#x4e45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E46|&#x4e46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E47|&#x4e47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E48|&#x4e48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E49|&#x4e49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4A|&#x4e4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4B|&#x4e4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4C|&#x4e4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4D|&#x4e4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4E|&#x4e4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4F|&#x4e4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|4E5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E50|&#x4e50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E51|&#x4e51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E52|&#x4e52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E53|&#x4e53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E54|&#x4e54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E55|&#x4e55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E56|&#x4e56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E57|&#x4e57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E58|&#x4e58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E59|&#x4e59;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5A|&#x4e5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5B|&#x4e5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5C|&#x4e5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5D|&#x4e5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5E|&#x4e5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E5F|&#x4e5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|4E6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E60|&#x4e60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E61|&#x4e61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E62|&#x4e62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E63|&#x4e63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E64|&#x4e64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E65|&#x4e65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E66|&#x4e66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E67|&#x4e67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E68|&#x4e68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E69|&#x4e69;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E6A|&#x4e6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E6B|&#x4e6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E6C|&#x4e6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E6D|&#x4e6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E6E|&#x4e6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E6F|&#x4e6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|4E7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E70|&#x4e70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E71|&#x4e71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E72|&#x4e72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E73|&#x4e73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E74|&#x4e74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E75|&#x4e75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E76|&#x4e76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E77|&#x4e77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E78|&#x4e78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E79|&#x4e79;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E7A|&#x4e7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E7B|&#x4e7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E7C|&#x4e7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E7D|&#x4e7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E7E|&#x4e7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E7F|&#x4e7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" !style="background:#ffffff"|4E8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E80|&#x4e80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E81|&#x4e81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E82|&#x4e82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E83|&#x4e83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E84|&#x4e84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E85|&#x4e85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E86|&#x4e86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E87|&#x4e87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E88|&#x4e88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E89|&#x4e89;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8A|&#x4e8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8B|&#x4e8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8C|&#x4e8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8D|&#x4e8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8E|&#x4e8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8F|&#x4e8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#ff7c57" 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style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} qtk2o59odtl0nu554kefjqse1793cjh User talk:Abdulrahman Adebare Qomorudeen 3 470185 4442447 2024-10-25T09:06:18Z SHB2000 3332924 warning 4442447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tmbox|type=content|text='''Please do not add commercial pages to Wikibooks.'''<br/>Pages that you have created have been considered inappropriate by your fellow contributors. If you feel the page is a legitimate addition to Wikibooks, please discuss it in the [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/General|Reading Room]] rather than re-creating it. See [[Wikibooks:WIW|What is Wikibooks?]] to learn more about the type of material Wikibooks allows. Thank you. }} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 09:06, 25 October 2024 (UTC) 3nhgscljtz7rh78tdjul3p6ujkwsoke