Wikiversity enwikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikiversity Wikiversity talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk School School talk Portal Portal talk Topic Topic talk Collection Collection talk Draft Draft talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 103 2174 2688825 2675370 2024-11-25T20:53:33Z English 16 2992671 /* Welcoming breeze of all inconvient */ new section 2688825 wikitext text/x-wiki == History == Could someone please add the School of [[School:History|History]] to this department? I think it should be both here and in the Social Sciences. [[User:Jade Knight|Jade Knight]] 07:44, 7 October 2006 (UTC) :I agree, just do it![[User:Nannus|Nannus]] 23:38, 5 March 2007 (UTC) : Linguistics and literature belong here as well, as does cultural anthropology/ethnology, media studies, theater studies (do we have that already?), Archaeology, in short, all disciplines concerned with the study of human cultures. [[User:Nannus|Nannus]] 00:14, 6 March 2007 (UTC) ::I also agree that History should be a part of this department. --[[User:Dctrainor|Dctrainor]] 14:46, 20 November 2007 (UTC) == Irish studies == [[School:Irish Studies|Irish studies]] should rather be a subdivision of some school than a separate school. What would it look like if we put all these "national" studies in this page? We would have an endless list of English, Russian, Polish, German, Greek, Turkish... studies! Better list it at [[School:Language and Literature/Catalogue]] or somewhere else. --[[User:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|George D. Bozovic]] ^{[[User talk:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|talk]]} 21:37, 16 October 2006 (UTC) :It probably either belongs under [[School:Language and Literature|Language and Literature]], or in a new School or Portal called "Ethnic Studies". [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 21:46, 16 October 2006 (UTC) ::Hi all! As the creator of the school, I'd like to weigh in a bit. While I haven't found the time to flesh the school out as of yet, it should ''definitely'' have its own school. Nearly every major Irish university has its own school of Irish studies, which is to be expected, I suppose. However, many elite US universities have their own school of Irish studies as well, including Notre Dame, Boston College, and New York University (NYU). Irish studies encompasses history, literature, culture, language, etc., and as such, it needs its own school. Cheers [[User:Hoopydink|Hoopydink]] 22:52, 16 October 2006 (UTC) :::That's fine, but the Humanities page could quickly become overwhelming large if every ethnic studies school was placed there—there are potentially hundreds of schools that could be founded this way. I would perhaps recommend creating a [[Portal:Ethnic Studies]], which could then be linked to from within the School of Humanities. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 04:29, 17 October 2006 (UTC) ::::I concur. Just make the portal! ;) --[[User:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|George D. Bozovic]] ^{[[User talk:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|talk]]} 19:55, 17 October 2006 (UTC) :::::Ah, ok, I see what you're saying, but I don't see the harm in allowing multiple schools under the "humanities" flag. There are already plenty of schools relating to specific business studies in different portals. There hasn't been a call to restrict new schools in that area or to create a seperate portal. I guess we have to decide how inclusive and exclusive to be in terms of subject matter. Irish studies, or any international studies I suppose, encompasses a plethora of fields, and as such, should have its own school to keep the information in one place, so it's easily accessible. [[User:Hoopydink|Hoopydink]] 00:36, 18 October 2006 (UTC) ::::::Yes, that makes sense. It would just be problemsome to have them all listed here separately. Feel free to make the portal, and we can try to get George to list it prominently here on the Humanities portal, so people can find it easily from here. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 06:56, 18 October 2006 (UTC) :::::::Well (and I mean this with the utmost respect), you don't need to "try to get George to" do ''anything'' :-) - you can simply do it yourself! However seems the simplest, most intuitive way of organising the structure of pages, just do it - whether the organiser page for "Irish studies" is a portal, school or topic; it is still simply an organiser page, with links to educational content, and which can be linked to from any other organiser page. How we structure organiser pages in general is a discussion that we possibly still need to have as a wider community - keep an eye out for it on the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium|Colloquium]].. [[User:Cormaggio|Cormaggio]] 13:15, 18 October 2006 (UTC) ::::::::Well, you're making the assumption that I'm easily capable of doing it. The Humanities portal is filled with all sorts of display code that makes my head spin. Rather than giving myself a headache trying to figure out how to add something to that orderly mess, I'd much rather ask someone else who is clearly capable of it. Or I could just add a random link and expect someone else to make it look good, but I don't think that's much better than asking first. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 03:45, 19 October 2006 (UTC) :::::::::You really don't need to try to get me to do anything. :) I have nothing against the School of Irish studies. I just think that listing all these ethnic school on the Humanities page would make this page ridiculous. That's why a separate portal for them is quite a good solution. And that portal can be linked from here, of course. :) --[[User:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|George D. Bozovic]] ^{[[User talk:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|talk]]} 21:29, 19 October 2006 (UTC) ::::::::::Phew, you took me in good faith. :-) Still, I didn't understand the complex code bit - I now know why you have to "ask George". :-) I think I'll bow out now... [[User:Cormaggio|Cormaggio]] 21:52, 19 October 2006 (UTC) ::::::::::Still kind of a moot discussion; there's no content at all on the School of Irish Studies page yet at this point. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 19:57, 28 October 2006 (UTC) :::::::::::I have removed the School of Irish studies from the Humanities page once again. You are free to create the [[Portal:Ethnic Studies|portal for various ethnic studies]] and list the school there, which I warmly recommend. Then you can list this portal on the Humanities page. --[[User:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|George D. Bozovic]] ^{[[User talk:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|talk]]} 15:41, 30 October 2006 (UTC) == Distinction between Humanities and Social Sciences == What is the rational for the distinction of Humanities and Social sciences (apart from being a traditional distinction)? I find the distinction rather fuzzy and arbitrary. There are a lot of things that belong in both sides, so I suppose they should be merged! There are things here that deal with the study of different aspects of human culture and over there you find other disciplines also concerned with studying different aspects of human culture. [[User:Nannus|Nannus]] 23:38, 5 March 2007 (UTC) :The [[w:Social sciences|Social sciences]] article at Wikipedia says, "The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study human aspects of the world. They diverge from the arts and humanities in that the social sciences tend to emphasize the use of the scientific method in the study of humanity, including quantitative and qualitative methods."<BR>--[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 00:43, 6 March 2007 (UTC) :: I see the argument, but I don't believe there is "the scientific method" when it comes to investigating human culture. In the social sciences, you can find a range of different reserach paradigms. And I don't find History less scientific, although you cannot do experimental science there the same way as you can in physics. I think we should give up the attempt of putting everything in one place in a hierarchy of disciplines. Hypertext is a medium that allows everything to be in many places at once. ::An intersting observation is that the grouping of disciplin is totally different in the German Wikiversity. The grouping seen in the English Wikiversity reflects a certain tradition in English and Aerican universities. But this grouping is not universally accepted. It is part of the Anglo-American culture. ::The present hierarchy might have the advantage that many people are used to these groupings so they will find what they are looking for quickly, but I believe that a much better structure can be found. [[User:Nannus|Nannus]] 17:59, 6 March 2007 (UTC) :::Well, make a proposal, then. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 22:47, 6 March 2007 (UTC) == Portal structure == Each school is linked from the portal at least three times. I suggest to do a redesign (although there are more pressing things to do).[[User:Nannus|Nannus]] 00:10, 6 March 2007 (UTC) :It might be time for the [[Portal:Humanities|Humanities Portal]] to adopt the format used at other major Wikiversity portals such as [[Portal:Social Sciences]]. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 00:43, 6 March 2007 (UTC) == Filmmaking == Isn't filmmaking part of the Fine Arts, not the Humanities? [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 19:14, 7 October 2008 (UTC) == Dignity Course == I am developing a [[Dignity]] course which may fit well here. If you like it, perhaps you can add it to the curriculum. (I hesitated to do this myself because I did not want to disturb the existing structure.)--Lbeaumont--[[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] 16:02, 13 February 2011 (UTC) I am developing a dignity course which may fit well here..if you like it,perhaps you can add it to the curriculum(I hesitated to do this myself because I did not want to disturb to existing Structure.) [[User:Sfiso Mthembu|Sfiso Mthembu]] ([[User talk:Sfiso Mthembu|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sfiso Mthembu|contribs]]) 08:58, 16 April 2021 (UTC) :Dignity is a charismatic behaviour that charm respect in return [[User:English 16|English 16]] ([[User talk:English 16|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/English 16|contribs]]) 15:58, 21 October 2024 (UTC) == Reed College Humanities 110, Introduction to the Humanities == The Reed College course "[https://www.reed.edu/humanities/hum110/index.html Introduction to the Humanities]" is excellent. The syllabus and many of the course materials are available on line. It would be a valuable contribution to Wikiversity if someone with a background in humanities could adapt these available materials, combine them with similar available materials, and provide an analogous course here. Many of [https://www.reed.edu/humanities/hum110/public-lectures/index.html the lectures are public and on-line]. The [https://www.reed.edu/humanities/hum110/syllabus/index.html syllabus] provides a good curriculum outline. Thanks! --[[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 15:08, 22 August 2020 (UTC) == What enhances dignity ? == Everyone is born with dignity that legimates god's might [[User:English 16|English 16]] ([[User talk:English 16|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/English 16|contribs]]) 18:00, 22 October 2024 (UTC) == Welcoming breeze of all inconvient == iam a blackman and iam titled in this world where are all equal before nature of creation unless of the inconvenient was introduced by those who deny the fact there is no better continent compared to the other one they are all equal in creation but in africa we have been not given that value . africa has been denied the convient of the land,language economy and convient of freedom to all black race by Europeans. Non of all europeans own africa but the do own it by manipulation of legislations of agreed regimes that makes sure that a blackman doesnt get a freedom of industrial economy but only of limited one in order the europeans to monopoly the economy and resources of africa. Language is weoponary in all platforms when the whites came to africa one thing they made sure of was to seed their own languages in for africa to deny their languages but to understand the medium languages wich is foreign to africa Dutch languages,English, spanish etc...but what puzzles me they dont want to learn african languages because they dont render any value in the world of economy. Africa has all the skill that the world it accquire to all the europeans the time to rely has come to the end africa will be engaging more into land industrial economy , highzone manufaturing robotics concepts and introducing new natural resources of africa that can be formadable in the economy of the world ill tell you now a blackman is going to introduce a luxury vehicle in the world but unfortunately is going to bring a lot of politics in it just to decrade the value of africa. [[User:English 16|English 16]] ([[User talk:English 16|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/English 16|contribs]]) 20:53, 25 November 2024 (UTC) gj87jqnqzynhhpoadppbtli5du0gk5w 2688826 2688825 2024-11-25T20:58:13Z English 16 2992671 /* What enhances dignity ? */ Reply 2688826 wikitext text/x-wiki == History == Could someone please add the School of [[School:History|History]] to this department? I think it should be both here and in the Social Sciences. [[User:Jade Knight|Jade Knight]] 07:44, 7 October 2006 (UTC) :I agree, just do it![[User:Nannus|Nannus]] 23:38, 5 March 2007 (UTC) : Linguistics and literature belong here as well, as does cultural anthropology/ethnology, media studies, theater studies (do we have that already?), Archaeology, in short, all disciplines concerned with the study of human cultures. [[User:Nannus|Nannus]] 00:14, 6 March 2007 (UTC) ::I also agree that History should be a part of this department. --[[User:Dctrainor|Dctrainor]] 14:46, 20 November 2007 (UTC) == Irish studies == [[School:Irish Studies|Irish studies]] should rather be a subdivision of some school than a separate school. What would it look like if we put all these "national" studies in this page? We would have an endless list of English, Russian, Polish, German, Greek, Turkish... studies! Better list it at [[School:Language and Literature/Catalogue]] or somewhere else. --[[User:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|George D. Bozovic]] ^{[[User talk:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|talk]]} 21:37, 16 October 2006 (UTC) :It probably either belongs under [[School:Language and Literature|Language and Literature]], or in a new School or Portal called "Ethnic Studies". [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 21:46, 16 October 2006 (UTC) ::Hi all! As the creator of the school, I'd like to weigh in a bit. While I haven't found the time to flesh the school out as of yet, it should ''definitely'' have its own school. Nearly every major Irish university has its own school of Irish studies, which is to be expected, I suppose. However, many elite US universities have their own school of Irish studies as well, including Notre Dame, Boston College, and New York University (NYU). Irish studies encompasses history, literature, culture, language, etc., and as such, it needs its own school. Cheers [[User:Hoopydink|Hoopydink]] 22:52, 16 October 2006 (UTC) :::That's fine, but the Humanities page could quickly become overwhelming large if every ethnic studies school was placed there—there are potentially hundreds of schools that could be founded this way. I would perhaps recommend creating a [[Portal:Ethnic Studies]], which could then be linked to from within the School of Humanities. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 04:29, 17 October 2006 (UTC) ::::I concur. Just make the portal! ;) --[[User:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|George D. Bozovic]] ^{[[User talk:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|talk]]} 19:55, 17 October 2006 (UTC) :::::Ah, ok, I see what you're saying, but I don't see the harm in allowing multiple schools under the "humanities" flag. There are already plenty of schools relating to specific business studies in different portals. There hasn't been a call to restrict new schools in that area or to create a seperate portal. I guess we have to decide how inclusive and exclusive to be in terms of subject matter. Irish studies, or any international studies I suppose, encompasses a plethora of fields, and as such, should have its own school to keep the information in one place, so it's easily accessible. [[User:Hoopydink|Hoopydink]] 00:36, 18 October 2006 (UTC) ::::::Yes, that makes sense. It would just be problemsome to have them all listed here separately. Feel free to make the portal, and we can try to get George to list it prominently here on the Humanities portal, so people can find it easily from here. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 06:56, 18 October 2006 (UTC) :::::::Well (and I mean this with the utmost respect), you don't need to "try to get George to" do ''anything'' :-) - you can simply do it yourself! However seems the simplest, most intuitive way of organising the structure of pages, just do it - whether the organiser page for "Irish studies" is a portal, school or topic; it is still simply an organiser page, with links to educational content, and which can be linked to from any other organiser page. How we structure organiser pages in general is a discussion that we possibly still need to have as a wider community - keep an eye out for it on the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium|Colloquium]].. [[User:Cormaggio|Cormaggio]] 13:15, 18 October 2006 (UTC) ::::::::Well, you're making the assumption that I'm easily capable of doing it. The Humanities portal is filled with all sorts of display code that makes my head spin. Rather than giving myself a headache trying to figure out how to add something to that orderly mess, I'd much rather ask someone else who is clearly capable of it. Or I could just add a random link and expect someone else to make it look good, but I don't think that's much better than asking first. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 03:45, 19 October 2006 (UTC) :::::::::You really don't need to try to get me to do anything. :) I have nothing against the School of Irish studies. I just think that listing all these ethnic school on the Humanities page would make this page ridiculous. That's why a separate portal for them is quite a good solution. And that portal can be linked from here, of course. :) --[[User:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|George D. Bozovic]] ^{[[User talk:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|talk]]} 21:29, 19 October 2006 (UTC) ::::::::::Phew, you took me in good faith. :-) Still, I didn't understand the complex code bit - I now know why you have to "ask George". :-) I think I'll bow out now... [[User:Cormaggio|Cormaggio]] 21:52, 19 October 2006 (UTC) ::::::::::Still kind of a moot discussion; there's no content at all on the School of Irish Studies page yet at this point. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 19:57, 28 October 2006 (UTC) :::::::::::I have removed the School of Irish studies from the Humanities page once again. You are free to create the [[Portal:Ethnic Studies|portal for various ethnic studies]] and list the school there, which I warmly recommend. Then you can list this portal on the Humanities page. --[[User:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|George D. Bozovic]] ^{[[User talk:Ђорђе Д. Божовић|talk]]} 15:41, 30 October 2006 (UTC) == Distinction between Humanities and Social Sciences == What is the rational for the distinction of Humanities and Social sciences (apart from being a traditional distinction)? I find the distinction rather fuzzy and arbitrary. There are a lot of things that belong in both sides, so I suppose they should be merged! There are things here that deal with the study of different aspects of human culture and over there you find other disciplines also concerned with studying different aspects of human culture. [[User:Nannus|Nannus]] 23:38, 5 March 2007 (UTC) :The [[w:Social sciences|Social sciences]] article at Wikipedia says, "The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study human aspects of the world. They diverge from the arts and humanities in that the social sciences tend to emphasize the use of the scientific method in the study of humanity, including quantitative and qualitative methods."<BR>--[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 00:43, 6 March 2007 (UTC) :: I see the argument, but I don't believe there is "the scientific method" when it comes to investigating human culture. In the social sciences, you can find a range of different reserach paradigms. And I don't find History less scientific, although you cannot do experimental science there the same way as you can in physics. I think we should give up the attempt of putting everything in one place in a hierarchy of disciplines. Hypertext is a medium that allows everything to be in many places at once. ::An intersting observation is that the grouping of disciplin is totally different in the German Wikiversity. The grouping seen in the English Wikiversity reflects a certain tradition in English and Aerican universities. But this grouping is not universally accepted. It is part of the Anglo-American culture. ::The present hierarchy might have the advantage that many people are used to these groupings so they will find what they are looking for quickly, but I believe that a much better structure can be found. [[User:Nannus|Nannus]] 17:59, 6 March 2007 (UTC) :::Well, make a proposal, then. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 22:47, 6 March 2007 (UTC) == Portal structure == Each school is linked from the portal at least three times. I suggest to do a redesign (although there are more pressing things to do).[[User:Nannus|Nannus]] 00:10, 6 March 2007 (UTC) :It might be time for the [[Portal:Humanities|Humanities Portal]] to adopt the format used at other major Wikiversity portals such as [[Portal:Social Sciences]]. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 00:43, 6 March 2007 (UTC) == Filmmaking == Isn't filmmaking part of the Fine Arts, not the Humanities? [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 19:14, 7 October 2008 (UTC) == Dignity Course == I am developing a [[Dignity]] course which may fit well here. If you like it, perhaps you can add it to the curriculum. (I hesitated to do this myself because I did not want to disturb the existing structure.)--Lbeaumont--[[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] 16:02, 13 February 2011 (UTC) I am developing a dignity course which may fit well here..if you like it,perhaps you can add it to the curriculum(I hesitated to do this myself because I did not want to disturb to existing Structure.) [[User:Sfiso Mthembu|Sfiso Mthembu]] ([[User talk:Sfiso Mthembu|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sfiso Mthembu|contribs]]) 08:58, 16 April 2021 (UTC) :Dignity is a charismatic behaviour that charm respect in return [[User:English 16|English 16]] ([[User talk:English 16|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/English 16|contribs]]) 15:58, 21 October 2024 (UTC) == Reed College Humanities 110, Introduction to the Humanities == The Reed College course "[https://www.reed.edu/humanities/hum110/index.html Introduction to the Humanities]" is excellent. The syllabus and many of the course materials are available on line. It would be a valuable contribution to Wikiversity if someone with a background in humanities could adapt these available materials, combine them with similar available materials, and provide an analogous course here. Many of [https://www.reed.edu/humanities/hum110/public-lectures/index.html the lectures are public and on-line]. The [https://www.reed.edu/humanities/hum110/syllabus/index.html syllabus] provides a good curriculum outline. Thanks! --[[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 15:08, 22 August 2020 (UTC) == What enhances dignity ? == Everyone is born with dignity that legimates god's might [[User:English 16|English 16]] ([[User talk:English 16|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/English 16|contribs]]) 18:00, 22 October 2024 (UTC) :hi [[User:English 16|English 16]] ([[User talk:English 16|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/English 16|contribs]]) 20:58, 25 November 2024 (UTC) == Welcoming breeze of all inconvient == iam a blackman and iam titled in this world where are all equal before nature of creation unless of the inconvenient was introduced by those who deny the fact there is no better continent compared to the other one they are all equal in creation but in africa we have been not given that value . africa has been denied the convient of the land,language economy and convient of freedom to all black race by Europeans. Non of all europeans own africa but the do own it by manipulation of legislations of agreed regimes that makes sure that a blackman doesnt get a freedom of industrial economy but only of limited one in order the europeans to monopoly the economy and resources of africa. Language is weoponary in all platforms when the whites came to africa one thing they made sure of was to seed their own languages in for africa to deny their languages but to understand the medium languages wich is foreign to africa Dutch languages,English, spanish etc...but what puzzles me they dont want to learn african languages because they dont render any value in the world of economy. Africa has all the skill that the world it accquire to all the europeans the time to rely has come to the end africa will be engaging more into land industrial economy , highzone manufaturing robotics concepts and introducing new natural resources of africa that can be formadable in the economy of the world ill tell you now a blackman is going to introduce a luxury vehicle in the world but unfortunately is going to bring a lot of politics in it just to decrade the value of africa. [[User:English 16|English 16]] ([[User talk:English 16|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/English 16|contribs]]) 20:53, 25 November 2024 (UTC) b6gp8q7r3catjty47p89rwa785hqrmk 0 139384 2688874 2688559 2024-11-26T07:03:34Z Young1lim 21186 /* Adder */ 2688874 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adder == * Binary Adder Architecture Exploration ( [[Media:Adder.20131113.pdf|pdf]] ) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Adder type !! Overview !! Analysis !! VHDL Level Design !! CMOS Level Design |- | '''1. Ripple Carry Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1A.RCA.20211108.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:Adder.rca.20140313.pdf|pdf]] || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1D.RCA.CMOS.20211108.pdf|pdf]] |- | '''2. Carry Lookahead Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CLA.20221130.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:Adder.cla.20140313.pdf|pdf]]|| |- | '''3. Carry Save Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CSave.20151209.pdf|A]]|| || || |- || '''4. Carry Select Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CSelA.20191002.pdf|A]]|| || || |- || '''5. Carry Skip Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.5A.CSkip.20241125.pdf|A]]|| || || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.5D.CSkip.CMOS.20211108.pdf|pdf]] |- || '''6. Carry Chain Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6A.CCA.20211109.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6C.CCA.VHDL.20211109.pdf|pdf]], [[Media:Adder.cca.20140313.pdf|pdf]] || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6D.CCA.CMOS.20211109.pdf|pdf]] |- || '''7. Kogge-Stone Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.KSA.20140315.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:Adder.ksa.20140409.pdf|pdf]]|| |- || '''8. Prefix Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.PFA.20140314.pdf|A]]|| || || |- || '''9.1 Variable Block Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1A.VBA.20221110.pdf|A]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1B.VBA.20230911.pdf|B]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1C.VBA.20240622.pdf|C]]|| || || |- || '''9.2 Multi-Level Variable Block Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.VBA-Multi.20221031.pdf|A]]|| || || |} </br> === Adder Architectures Suitable for FPGA === * FPGA Carry-Chain Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.FPGA-CCA.20210421.pdf|pdf]]) * FPGA Carry Select Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.B.FPGA-CarrySelect.20210522.pdf|pdf]]) * FPGA Variable Block Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.C.FPGA-VariableBlock.20220125.pdf|pdf]]) * FPGA Carry Lookahead Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.D.FPGA-CLookahead.20210304.pdf|pdf]]) * Carry-Skip Adder </br> == Barrel Shifter == * Barrel Shifter Architecture Exploration ([[Media:Bshift.20131105.pdf|bshfit.vhdl]], [[Media:Bshift.makefile.20131109.pdf|bshfit.makefile]]) </br> '''Mux Based Barrel Shifter''' * Analysis ([[Media:Arith.BShfiter.20151207.pdf|pdf]]) * Implementation </br> == Multiplier == === Array Multipliers === * Analysis ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.Mult.20151209.pdf|pdf]]) </br> === Tree Mulltipliers === * Lattice Multiplication ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.LatticeMult.20170204.pdf|pdf]]) * Wallace Tree ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.WallaceTree.20170204.pdf|pdf]]) * Dadda Tree ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.DaddaTree.20170701.pdf|pdf]]) </br> === Booth Multipliers === * [[Media:RNS4.BoothEncode.20161005.pdf|Booth Encoding Note]] * Booth Multiplier Note ([[Media:BoothMult.20160929.pdf|H1.pdf]]) </br> == Divider == * Binary Divider ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.Divider.20131217.pdf|pdf]])</br> </br> </br> go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] [[Category:Digital Circuit Design]] [[Category:FPGA]] 1ugz79sh749dnsdf971fnn4de90qy93 2688876 2688874 2024-11-26T07:04:50Z Young1lim 21186 /* Adder */ 2688876 wikitext text/x-wiki == Adder == * Binary Adder Architecture Exploration ( [[Media:Adder.20131113.pdf|pdf]] ) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Adder type !! Overview !! Analysis !! VHDL Level Design !! CMOS Level Design |- | '''1. Ripple Carry Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1A.RCA.20211108.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:Adder.rca.20140313.pdf|pdf]] || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1D.RCA.CMOS.20211108.pdf|pdf]] |- | '''2. Carry Lookahead Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CLA.20221130.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:Adder.cla.20140313.pdf|pdf]]|| |- | '''3. Carry Save Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CSave.20151209.pdf|A]]|| || || |- || '''4. Carry Select Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CSelA.20191002.pdf|A]]|| || || |- || '''5. Carry Skip Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.5A.CSkip.20241126.pdf|A]]|| || || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.5D.CSkip.CMOS.20211108.pdf|pdf]] |- || '''6. Carry Chain Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6A.CCA.20211109.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6C.CCA.VHDL.20211109.pdf|pdf]], [[Media:Adder.cca.20140313.pdf|pdf]] || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6D.CCA.CMOS.20211109.pdf|pdf]] |- || '''7. Kogge-Stone Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.KSA.20140315.pdf|A]]|| || [[Media:Adder.ksa.20140409.pdf|pdf]]|| |- || '''8. Prefix Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.PFA.20140314.pdf|A]]|| || || |- || '''9.1 Variable Block Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1A.VBA.20221110.pdf|A]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1B.VBA.20230911.pdf|B]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1C.VBA.20240622.pdf|C]]|| || || |- || '''9.2 Multi-Level Variable Block Adder''' || [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.VBA-Multi.20221031.pdf|A]]|| || || |} </br> === Adder Architectures Suitable for FPGA === * FPGA Carry-Chain Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.FPGA-CCA.20210421.pdf|pdf]]) * FPGA Carry Select Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.B.FPGA-CarrySelect.20210522.pdf|pdf]]) * FPGA Variable Block Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.C.FPGA-VariableBlock.20220125.pdf|pdf]]) * FPGA Carry Lookahead Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.D.FPGA-CLookahead.20210304.pdf|pdf]]) * Carry-Skip Adder </br> == Barrel Shifter == * Barrel Shifter Architecture Exploration ([[Media:Bshift.20131105.pdf|bshfit.vhdl]], [[Media:Bshift.makefile.20131109.pdf|bshfit.makefile]]) </br> '''Mux Based Barrel Shifter''' * Analysis ([[Media:Arith.BShfiter.20151207.pdf|pdf]]) * Implementation </br> == Multiplier == === Array Multipliers === * Analysis ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.Mult.20151209.pdf|pdf]]) </br> === Tree Mulltipliers === * Lattice Multiplication ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.LatticeMult.20170204.pdf|pdf]]) * Wallace Tree ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.WallaceTree.20170204.pdf|pdf]]) * Dadda Tree ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.DaddaTree.20170701.pdf|pdf]]) </br> === Booth Multipliers === * [[Media:RNS4.BoothEncode.20161005.pdf|Booth Encoding Note]] * Booth Multiplier Note ([[Media:BoothMult.20160929.pdf|H1.pdf]]) </br> == Divider == * Binary Divider ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.Divider.20131217.pdf|pdf]])</br> </br> </br> go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] [[Category:Digital Circuit Design]] [[Category:FPGA]] c1ggxkj0x9409j5z807gfec55874sfw 0 151772 2688797 2234664 2024-11-25T13:33:19Z Gaurigrazia 648807 2688797 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Varanasi_collage.png|237px||right]] <big><big>The Varanasi Heritage Dossier</big></big><br> ''Sharing knowledge'' <br> ''and promoting participation''<br> ''for the candidature of the Ghats of Varanasi''<br> ''in the World Heritage list'' ---- [[/Preface|Preface]]<br> [[/Summary|Summary]]<br> [[/Identification|Identification]]<br> [[/Justification|Justification]]<br> [[/Description|Description]]<br> [[/History and Development|History and Development]]<br> [[/Management & Conservation|Management & Conservation]]<br> [[/Pressures and Heritage Scenario|Pressures and heritage scenario]]<br> [[/The Ganga river System, the Symbol of Indian Culture: The Natural and Cultural Heritage|The Ganga river system: natural and cultural heritage]]<br> [[/Varanasi: The Mosaic of Indian Culture and Universal Significance|Varanasi: the mosaic of Indian culture]] ---- [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Detailed description of each heritage Site|'''Detailed description of each heritage Site''']] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat| Assi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat]]<br> * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Prabhu Ghat to Kedara Ghat| Prabhu Ghat to Kedara Ghat]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Cauki Ghat to Chausatthi Ghat| Chauki Ghat to Chausatthi Ghat]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Ranamahal Ghat to Tripurabhairavi Ghat| Ranamahal Ghat to Tripurabhairavi Ghat]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Mir Ghat to Bajirao Ghat| Mir Ghat to Bajirao Ghat]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Durga Ghat to Phuta Ghat| Durga Ghat to Phuta Ghat]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Prahalad Ghat to Raj Ghat| Prahalad Ghat to Raj Ghat]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Scindhia Ghat to Pancaganga Ghat|Scindhia Ghat to Pancaganga Gha]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Adi Vishvanatha, Vishvanatha, Vishalakshi Kshetra|The Core: Adi Vishvanatha, Vishvanatha, Vishalakshi Kshetra]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Other Heritage Property across the Ganga river|Other Heritage Property across the Ganga river]]<br> [[File:Vrinda Dar - A call for international partnership to protect Varanasi, which is a world heritage.webm|thumb|[http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1EB2F3C06819828F Vrinda Dar] - A call for international partnership to protect Varanasi, which is a world heritage]] _______________ [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/PIL|The PIL]]<br> [[/Public participation for Heritage Conservation and Management - work in progress|Public participation for Heritage Conservation and Management - work in progress]]<br> [[/Varanasi/Kashi: Notable Dates in History|Varanasi Chronology]]<br> [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/A Select Bibliography|Varanasi Bibliography]]<br> ==See also== [[File:600X WIKIPEDIA LOGO.svg|14px]] ⇒ [[w:Varanasi|Varanasi]]<br> [[File:600X WIKIPEDIA LOGO.svg|14px]] ⇒ [[w:Ghats in Varanasi|Ghats in Varanasi]]<br> [[File:600X WIKIPEDIA LOGO.svg|14px]] ⇒ [[w:Cultural heritage|Cultural heritage]]<br> [[File:600X WIKIPEDIA LOGO.svg|14px]] ⇒ [[w:List of heritage registers|List of heritage registers]]<br> [[File:600X WIKIPEDIA LOGO.svg|14px]] ⇒ [[w:World Heritage Site|World Heritage Site]] <br> [[File:600X WIKIPEDIA LOGO.svg|14px]] ⇒ [[w:Heritage tourism|Heritage tourism]] <br> [[File:600X WIKIPEDIA LOGO.svg|14px]] ⇒ [[w:Kautilya Society for Intercultural Dialogue|Kautilya Society]]<br> [[File:Vrinda Dar - Awareness, documentation, legislation, implementation, monitoring are the processes required in order to protect the cultural heritage.webm|thumb|start=0.1|[http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1EB2F3C06819828F Vrinda Dar] - Awareness, documentation, legislation, implementation, monitoring are the processes required in order to protect the cultural heritage]] ==External links== [[File:YouTube icon block.png|17px]] ⇒ [http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1EB2F3C06819828F Kautilya Society - playlist] <br> [[Image:Flag of Italy.svg|17px]] ⇒ [[File:Film-Camera.png|24px]] ⇒ [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZfSgpx1lKM&feature=share Fai la cosa giusta - Difendere il patrimonio di Benares - India]<br> [[File:Facebook logo (square).png|Facebook-logo|14px]] ⇒ [https://www.facebook.com/groups/kautilyacommunity Kautilya Community Group] <br> [[File:Facebook logo (square).png|Facebook-logo|14px]] ⇒ [https://www.facebook.com/groups/103905249779861 Banaras Ghats for UNESCO World Heritage List] <br> [[File:UNESCO BLUE LOGO.png|UNESCO BLUE LOGO|19px]] ⇒ [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list UNESCO World Heritage List]<br> Officiall Site ⇒ [http://www.vdavns.org/ Varanasi Development Authority (VDA)]<br> ==== Updates ==== Updates of the work in progress about the development of this Wikiversity module are reported in the Blog [[w:Banaras Biradari|Banaras Biradari]] [[File:Varanasi panorama.jpg|900px]] {{Commons|Varanasi}} {{CourseCat}} {{CourseCat}} rdv07rpk2gv52tvmuvwhbd44qp82kvx 0 151810 2688796 1885285 2024-11-25T13:32:32Z Gaurigrazia 648807 2688796 wikitext text/x-wiki [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Detailed description of each heritage Site|Detailed description of each heritage Site]] [[File:Janaki Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|thumb|Janaki Ghat, Varanasi]] ---- [[File:Rewa Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|thumb|Rewa Ghat, Varanasi]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Jagannath temple complex, Assi | Jagannath temple complex]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Lakshminarayan and Sangameshvara, Assi| Lakshminarayan and Sangameshvara]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Asi Ghat Area| Assi Ghat]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Ganga Mahala and Rivan Ghat| Ganga Mahala and Rivan Ghat]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Lolarkeshvara and Lolarka Kund| Lolarkeshvara and Lolarka Kund]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Tulasi Ghat and Arka Vinayaka| Tulasi Ghat and Arka Vinayaka]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Bhadaini - Janaki and Anandamayi Ghats| Bhadaini - Janaki and Anandamayi Ghats]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Vaccharaja and Jain Ghats| Vaccharaja and Jain Ghats]]] * [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Nishadaraja and Pancakota ghats| Nishadaraja and Pancakota ghats]] <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> {{go to top}} ⇒ [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier|Index]] {{CourseCat}} my3h6sgjlbv3nazhnr3ipuktlqus0sz 0 151820 2688792 1215888 2024-11-25T13:12:09Z Gaurigrazia 648807 added photos 2688792 wikitext text/x-wiki [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Detailed description of each heritage Site|Detailed description of each heritage Site]] - [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat|Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat]] ---- [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Jagannath temple complex, Assi|Jagannath temple complex, Assi]] ===Location=== [[File:Jagannath Temple 2024.jpg|thumb|Jagannath Temple, Assi Ghat 2024]] (GPS co-ordinates): 25º 17.591’ North and 83º 00.746’ East. Exact location on a map: Asi Ghat, towards Nagawa, House No. B 1/ 151 Close to the turning towards Asi Ghat, on the right is the entrance gate to the temple. aREA (in ha.) of proposed property: 7.87ha originally in early 20th century: 35m X 225m; main temple complex: 35m X 44m. ===Historical/cultural/natural Significance === [[File:Jagannath Temple Deity 2 2024.jpg|thumb|Jagannath Temple Deities, Assi Ghat 2024 ]] [[File:Jagannath Temple Deity 2024.jpg|thumb|Jagannath Temple Deities, Assi Ghat 2024]] The area of the temple complex symbolises the Puri Kshetra of Orissa. With the support of Beni Ram and Vishambhar Ram, the two prominent and rich citizens of the Bhonshala estate of Nagpur living in Banaras, the Svami built a temple honouring Jagannatha in 1802. This is the replica of the famous Jagannatha temple of Puri, Orissa. Beni Ram and Vishambhar Ram started the Ratha Yatra festival in 1806 they. Every year during the month of Ashadha (June-July) the wooden idol of Jagannath from this temple is brought to the garden of Pandit Beni Ram in the Rathyatra area for celebrating the famous chariot festival, of course in abbreviated form compared to what takes place in Puri. On the 7th day of light fortnight of Ashadha (June-July), a chariot procession festival (Ratha Yatra) that lasts for 3 days attracts a huge mass of visitors. This festival presents an abbreviated form of the world-famous Ratha Yatra of Puri (Orissa), started by the chief priest of Puri, Svami Brahamachari, who came to Varanasi in exile in 1790, and later died here in 1815. The procession is taken out of Jagannathaa Temple (near Asi Ghat) by carrying the images of Krishna, Balarama and Subhadra to Ratha Yatra Crossing on the Godaulia-Mahmoorganj Road. For the 3-day period, the road is crowded with the people gathering from the neighbouring countryside. Many temporary shops adorn both sides of road and are known for special cookies like nan-khatai, a crisp and very soft biscuit. === Description === The images in the temple are of Jagannath, his brother Balarama and their sister Subhadra. In the backside chamber, attached to the wall is the 4m high image of Pracanda Narasimha, a huge image on the wooden plate; nearby to it is the image of devotee Prahalada. The compound is divided into three sections linked by gates. The main temple is in the southern part, the last section. The frontal boundary is decorated by the networking of red sandstone. Outside of the main temple, in the open space is Garuda facing the Jagannatha. In all the four corners of the inner compound there are images of Vaishnavite divinities, like Rama Pancayatana, Lakshminarayana, Krishna and Kaliyamardan form of Krishna. On the square base-platform the temple plan is in rectangular shape. The main spire is 16m high. ===Present state of conservation === The temple complex is the victim of illegal and immoral encroachments, construction and mismanagement. The huge complex of great heritage importance, of course unique in early 20th century with pilgrimage path, flower gardens, sacred water pool (Chandan Talab), green gardens, is now in danger. The catastrophe like illegal constructions and additionally running of a big hotel in the compound itself, and above all completely lack of civil sense, public awareness, altogether turned to a great loss to the city. Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property (if any) No specific measures are taken to conserve and preserve the temple, except to continue and maintain the daily religious activities by the Pujari’s family living therein. ===Ownership=== The temple complex owned by an individual who on tent basis allotted the quarters, which are built in course of time illegally. {{CourseCat}} ky7mwqopj6alkiiv0xua7klilnifeli 0 151821 2688793 1215899 2024-11-25T13:13:54Z Gaurigrazia 648807 added date 2688793 wikitext text/x-wiki [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Detailed description of each heritage Site|Detailed description of each heritage Site]] - [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat|Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat]] ---- [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Lakshminarayan and Sangameshvara, Assi|Lakshminarayana Pancaratna and Asi Sangameshvara temples]] [[File:Lakshminarayan Temple at Assi Ghat.JPG|thumb|Lakshminarayan Temple at Assi Ghat 2013]] === Location === 25º 17.358’ North and 83º 00.356’ East (Lakshminarayana ===== Exact location on a map ===== At Asi Ghat ascending about 20 steps up in the right is Lakshminarayana temple, and by turning left in the lane one meets the Asi Sangameshvara. (Hariharbaba Ashram, No. B 1/ 75). 4.Area (in ha.) of proposed property: 0.01ha (Lakshminarayana temple); and 0.006ha (Asi Sangameshvara) === Historical/cultural/natural significance === Lakshminarayana Pancharatna Mandir: Close to the Asi Ghat, the Queen Dulari Radhakunvar of Surasand Estate, Bihar, who purchased the land in 1902 from the then king of Banaras Prabhunarayan Singh, has built Lakshminarayan Temple in the early 20th century. This 5-spired Vaishnavite temple is built on a ca 4m high platform and consists of a five spires-temple. The main temple consists of a mandapa (pavilion) and a semi-mandapa. The inner sanctum is rectangular in shape and having three gates. The main gate faces to the east. At the entrance in the upper part there is an image of Ganesha. In the inner sanctum there is a eight-metal image of Lakshinayayana, and at the four corners are images of Shiva, Radha-Krishna, Rama-Sita and Lakshmana. There also is an image of Mayureshvara Shiva. In the medieval period, 11-12th century a tradition of Pancayatan style of inner sanctum has developed; according there should be images of Surya (sun-god), Ganesha, goddess Parvati, Vishnu, and at the centre Shiva. However in this temple, the rule has not been followed on that line. According to a legend, before the finial consecration of the spire the queen died (27 June 1927), therefore the kalsha has not been installed there. Asi Sangameshvara: This temple (of “the Lord of the confluence of Asi”) is marked with a marble plaque to commemorate the puranic heritage of the site. In the 14th century text, the Kashi Khanda this temple is eulogised vividly, especially with reference to various pilgrimages like Pancakroshi, Nagara Pradakshina, Kedarkhanda, etc.. Built in the 19th century on a small square, the temple consists of only the inner sanctum and lacks the surrounding veranda for circumambulation. Of course, there are four gates facing to all the directions. In the inner sanctum there also exists the Baneshvara linga, and in the niches there are images of Ganesha, Vishnu, Surya and Annapurna. This is an example of a simple Nagara style of architecture. In the November of 1987, the family members of (late) Mahabir Prasad Jhunjhunwala have repaired and renovated the temple. === Description and History === === Present state of conservation === Both the temples are looked after by the respective temple trusts, and in fact, there is no such plans and programmes for conservation. The temple of Lakshminarayana is managed by trust and has less interference from the local bodies, because this temple has no puranic connection. === Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property === No specific measures are taken to conserve and preserve the temples, except to continue and maintain the daily religious activities by the Pujari’s family living therein, and sometimes some devotees donate for the cleanness and repairing. === Ownership === The temples are owned by individual trusts and committees. {{CourseCat}} 3vq8c84ew4kjkwaf4u24nd3j9y38gh2 2688794 2688793 2024-11-25T13:17:48Z Gaurigrazia 648807 2688794 wikitext text/x-wiki [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Detailed description of each heritage Site|Detailed description of each heritage Site]] - [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat|Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat]] ---- [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Lakshminarayan and Sangameshvara, Assi|Lakshminarayana Pancaratna and Asi Sangameshvara temples]] [[File:Lakshminarayan Temple at Assi Ghat.JPG|thumb|Lakshminarayan Temple at Assi Ghat 2013]] === Location === 25º 17.358’ North and 83º 00.356’ East (Lakshminarayana ===== Exact location on a map ===== At Asi Ghat ascending about 20 steps up in the right is Lakshminarayana temple, and by turning left in the lane one meets the Asi Sangameshvara. (Hariharbaba Ashram, No. B 1/ 75). 4.Area (in ha.) of proposed property: 0.01ha (Lakshminarayana temple); and 0.006ha (Asi Sangameshvara) === Historical/cultural/natural significance === [[File:Sangameshvara temple, Assi Ghat 2024.jpg|thumb|Sangameshvara Temple 2024]] [[File:Sangameshvara temple explanation 2024.jpg|thumb|Sangameshvara Temple Explanation 2024]] Lakshminarayana Pancharatna Mandir: Close to the Asi Ghat, the Queen Dulari Radhakunvar of Surasand Estate, Bihar, who purchased the land in 1902 from the then king of Banaras Prabhunarayan Singh, has built Lakshminarayan Temple in the early 20th century. This 5-spired Vaishnavite temple is built on a ca 4m high platform and consists of a five spires-temple. The main temple consists of a mandapa (pavilion) and a semi-mandapa. The inner sanctum is rectangular in shape and having three gates. The main gate faces to the east. At the entrance in the upper part there is an image of Ganesha. In the inner sanctum there is a eight-metal image of Lakshinayayana, and at the four corners are images of Shiva, Radha-Krishna, Rama-Sita and Lakshmana. There also is an image of Mayureshvara Shiva. In the medieval period, 11-12th century a tradition of Pancayatan style of inner sanctum has developed; according there should be images of Surya (sun-god), Ganesha, goddess Parvati, Vishnu, and at the centre Shiva. However in this temple, the rule has not been followed on that line. According to a legend, before the finial consecration of the spire the queen died (27 June 1927), therefore the kalsha has not been installed there. Asi Sangameshvara: This temple (of “the Lord of the confluence of Asi”) is marked with a marble plaque to commemorate the puranic heritage of the site. In the 14th century text, the Kashi Khanda this temple is eulogised vividly, especially with reference to various pilgrimages like Pancakroshi, Nagara Pradakshina, Kedarkhanda, etc.. Built in the 19th century on a small square, the temple consists of only the inner sanctum and lacks the surrounding veranda for circumambulation. Of course, there are four gates facing to all the directions. In the inner sanctum there also exists the Baneshvara linga, and in the niches there are images of Ganesha, Vishnu, Surya and Annapurna. This is an example of a simple Nagara style of architecture. In the November of 1987, the family members of (late) Mahabir Prasad Jhunjhunwala have repaired and renovated the temple. === Description and History === === Present state of conservation === Both the temples are looked after by the respective temple trusts, and in fact, there is no such plans and programmes for conservation. The temple of Lakshminarayana is managed by trust and has less interference from the local bodies, because this temple has no puranic connection. === Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property === No specific measures are taken to conserve and preserve the temples, except to continue and maintain the daily religious activities by the Pujari’s family living therein, and sometimes some devotees donate for the cleanness and repairing. === Ownership === The temples are owned by individual trusts and committees. {{CourseCat}} o07nws4z5rhjhkm5sx3qhv3qeu52h3y 2688799 2688794 2024-11-25T13:36:11Z Gaurigrazia 648807 2688799 wikitext text/x-wiki [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Detailed description of each heritage Site|Detailed description of each heritage Site]] - [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat|Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat]] ---- [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Lakshminarayan and Sangameshvara, Assi|Lakshminarayana Pancaratna and Asi Sangameshvara temples]] [[File:Lakshminarayan Temple at Assi Ghat.JPG|thumb|Lakshminarayan Temple at Assi Ghat 2013]] === Location === 25º 17.358’ North and 83º 00.356’ East (Lakshminarayana ===== Exact location on a map ===== At Asi Ghat ascending about 20 steps up in the right is Lakshminarayana temple, and by turning left in the lane one meets the Asi Sangameshvara. (Hariharbaba Ashram, No. B 1/ 75). 4.Area (in ha.) of proposed property: 0.01ha (Lakshminarayana temple); and 0.006ha (Asi Sangameshvara) === Historical/cultural/natural significance === [[File:Lakshminarayan Temple, Assi Ghat 2024.jpg|thumb|Lakshminarayan Temple 2024]] [[File:Sangameshvara temple, Assi Ghat 2024.jpg|thumb|Sangameshvara Temple 2024]] [[File:Sangameshvara temple explanation 2024.jpg|thumb|Sangameshvara Temple Explanation 2024]] Lakshminarayana Pancharatna Mandir: Close to the Asi Ghat, the Queen Dulari Radhakunvar of Surasand Estate, Bihar, who purchased the land in 1902 from the then king of Banaras Prabhunarayan Singh, has built Lakshminarayan Temple in the early 20th century. This 5-spired Vaishnavite temple is built on a ca 4m high platform and consists of a five spires-temple. The main temple consists of a mandapa (pavilion) and a semi-mandapa. The inner sanctum is rectangular in shape and having three gates. The main gate faces to the east. At the entrance in the upper part there is an image of Ganesha. In the inner sanctum there is a eight-metal image of Lakshinayayana, and at the four corners are images of Shiva, Radha-Krishna, Rama-Sita and Lakshmana. There also is an image of Mayureshvara Shiva. In the medieval period, 11-12th century a tradition of Pancayatan style of inner sanctum has developed; according there should be images of Surya (sun-god), Ganesha, goddess Parvati, Vishnu, and at the centre Shiva. However in this temple, the rule has not been followed on that line. According to a legend, before the finial consecration of the spire the queen died (27 June 1927), therefore the kalsha has not been installed there. Asi Sangameshvara: This temple (of “the Lord of the confluence of Asi”) is marked with a marble plaque to commemorate the puranic heritage of the site. In the 14th century text, the Kashi Khanda this temple is eulogised vividly, especially with reference to various pilgrimages like Pancakroshi, Nagara Pradakshina, Kedarkhanda, etc.. Built in the 19th century on a small square, the temple consists of only the inner sanctum and lacks the surrounding veranda for circumambulation. Of course, there are four gates facing to all the directions. In the inner sanctum there also exists the Baneshvara linga, and in the niches there are images of Ganesha, Vishnu, Surya and Annapurna. This is an example of a simple Nagara style of architecture. In the November of 1987, the family members of (late) Mahabir Prasad Jhunjhunwala have repaired and renovated the temple. === Description and History === === Present state of conservation === Both the temples are looked after by the respective temple trusts, and in fact, there is no such plans and programmes for conservation. The temple of Lakshminarayana is managed by trust and has less interference from the local bodies, because this temple has no puranic connection. === Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property === No specific measures are taken to conserve and preserve the temples, except to continue and maintain the daily religious activities by the Pujari’s family living therein, and sometimes some devotees donate for the cleanness and repairing. === Ownership === The temples are owned by individual trusts and committees. {{CourseCat}} rwzfa1smhh1amxy563yikpm9gqaae4x 0 151823 2688801 2688164 2024-11-25T13:37:00Z Gaurigrazia 648807 2688801 wikitext text/x-wiki [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Detailed description of each heritage Site|Detailed description of each heritage Site]] - [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat|Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat]] ---- [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Asi Ghat Area|Asi Ghat Area]] [[File:Assi Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|thumb|Assi Ghat, Varanasi]] === Location === 25º 17.334’ North and 83º 00.358’ East (Asi Sangameshvara - 2). ===== Exact location on a map ===== At Asi Ghat, southern edge of the City, and till 1979 marked by the confluence of Asi drain; the southern reference point is the Asi Sangameshvara -2 (House No. B 1/ 174). 4.Area (in ha.) of proposed property: 125m X 110m stretch, i.e. ca. 1.375ha. === Historical/cultural/natural significance === All the pilgrimage routes pass through the south certainly touch this site. Even in the ancient mythologies (e.g. Matya Purana as in TS 101; VM 177; KKh 97.253), the Asi drain was mentioned as seasonal stream and a dried bed. The temple of Asi Sangameshvara (“Lord of the Confluence of Asi”) marked with a marble plaque establishes the puranic heritage of the site. The plaque reads that “in the Pancakroshi pilgrimage, this site is one of the Pancatirthis”. This ghat was mentioned in the inscriptions of the Gahadavalas (11th-12th century). In Varadaraja’s Giravana-padamanjari (1600-60) this ghat is also described with glory. By the turn of 19th century the long strip of the Ghat got divided into separate ghats. In 1902 the Queen Dulhin Radha Dulari Kunwar of the Sursand Estate (Bihar) had purchased the southern part of ghat and built her small palace (presently Hotel Ganga View) and also the Lakshminarayana Temple. === Description and History === Till 19th century the Asi Ghat was in a natural shape, an open land with green lush of trees. However, its glory was already described in the ancient texts under the name of “Asi Sangmeh Tirtha”. In 1988 the Ghat was made pucca (stone-staired) by the Irrigation Department with the support of the Ganga Directorate project. === Present state of conservation === There is no plan for conservation. In fact, in the name of beautification and change the development and transformation of the ghat area turned to be a big problem. The closing down of Asi confluence (in fact shifted ½ km in the south in 1981-82) and the pucca construction of Asi and nearby ghats resulted to create a crucial problem of silt deposition. According to an estimate about 8200m² of silt in a length of 60m get deposited every year along the Asi and Rivan ghats, and to get it cleaned a good sum of money is spent every year. Moreover, the course and the flow are changing which cause loss of the aesthetic sense and sacramental values of the ghat. The consequences of modern approach of short-term planning are clearly visible here. === Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property === No specific measures are taken to conserve and preserve the ghat area, except to clean and maintain the area at different degrees, of course not optimal. === Ownership === --. The Municipal Corporation and VDA, i.e. the government bodies, own the area. == Development plan by VDA suspended by High Court 2013 == In July 2013, the Allahabad High Court stalled a pharaonic construction project of the U.P. State Government on making permanent structures in the heritage zone (on and around the Assi Ghat) in Varanasi that was in open contrast with the Government laws and would have permanently disfigured the Varanasi urban landscape and the skyline of the riverfront ghats. [http://www.kautilyasociety.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Allahabad-High-Court-Order_-29July131.pdf Allahabad High Court Order Dated 29 July 2013] These proposed constructions included jetties in the river, toilets, shelters, big bathing platforms, parks, kiosks, parking area, greening, a 9 metre wide and 635 metre long promenade. [http://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/22233290.cms हाईकोर्ट ने सरकार से वाराणसी के घाटों के सौंदर्यीकरण का प्रस्ताव मांगा नवभारत टाइम्स] In order to comply with the requirement of the citizens of Varanasi before the sanction project be implemented it is required that: *must be based on a proper scientific report on the river and the river banks as well as their utilisation, prepared by experts in consultation with stakeholders, that study the factors responsible on the one hand for the sustainable existence of the ghats and on the other hand, for weakening the ghat structure and/or eroding the ghats from beneath; on the impact of developmental interventions on the course of the river and its ecological balance, and on the sustainable existence of the riverfront ghats and structures thereon * in order for interventions/ project activities/ deliverables to positively contribute to the aesthetic value and coherence of the Ganga riverfront ghat structure, use and appearance as well as to maintaining the harmony and uniqueness of their architectural skyline, shapes and material constituting the same, it is important the interventions/projects are not piece meal or stand-alone but part of a wider conservation and management plan that ensures sustainability and minimises negative impacts on the above * in order for interventions/ project activities/ deliverables to be effective and sustainable, interventions/ project activities/ deliverables will need to be time-bound, have full confirmation of fund sanction, chronologically logical and in consultation with civil society, so that thesame is local needs-based and local people thus take up the O&M responsibilities of the same (for ex. making the STP bewfore the toilets and bathing places). As explicitly stated in GOI expectation “local communities shall be involved in the O&M of non-core schemes” and the State government is finally responsible for O&M (pg 14 of U.P. Jal Nigam Service Unit -24 affidvit of 16 July 2013) and that City level Monitoring Committees must be responsible for community involvement and consultations (pg 13 of Nagar Nigam’s affidavit). This is important because there are “bad practice” examples in the city, for ex. the bridge on River Ganga between Samne Ghat and Ramnagar that started in 2006 and was stalled for the past 5 years because of change in government and that has now re-started again OR the half-built structure on Dashashwamedh ghat, intended for improving the local market space, but never completed because it followed a top-down approach and was not prepared in consultaiton with stakeholders; * In order to optimally utilise funds and minimise repitions, the interventions will build on and avail of existing reports on the Ganga riverfront ghats, like the DPRs for Dashashwamedh Ghat, Assi Ghat, etc. that were funded by VDA (for approx. Rs. 35 lacs) and prepared by INTACH-Delhi * A Monitoring mechanism needs to be established in collaboration with local civil society and that quarterly reports be presented to this Hon’ble bench of the Allahabad High Court and that contractors be penalised if they violate timelines and quality of interventions. {{CourseCat}} {{CourseCat}} {{CourseCat}} 9jzhwng29q9ptb7toyso9abezu0ha7a 0 151824 2688795 2688166 2024-11-25T13:31:43Z Gaurigrazia 648807 added photos 2688795 wikitext text/x-wiki [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Detailed description of each heritage Site|Detailed description of each heritage Site]] - [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat|Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat]] ---- [[File:Ganga Mahal Ghat Assi, Varanasi.JPG|thumb|Ganga Mahal Ghat Assi, Varanasi]] [[File:Ganga Mahal Ghat 2024.jpg|thumb|Ganga Mahal, 2024]] === Location === 25º 17.396’ North and 83º 00.377’ East (centre of Ganga Mahala Ghat) ===== Exact location on a map ===== Ganga Mahal, House No. B 2/ 1 ==== Area ==== 0.54 ha. === Historical/cultural/natural significance === This is the extended part of the Asi Ghat, characterised by the palatial building made in ca 1830 by the patronage of the king of Banaras, Prabhunarayan Singh. A stone steps between Asi and palace separates the two ghats. The architectural style of this palace is a wonderful mixture of Rajput style and the local traditional style. [[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Ganga Mahala and Rivan Ghat|Ganga Mahala and Rivan Ghats]] A little further down extension was made by addition of another palatial house called Rivan Ghat which can distinctively be marked by the royal symbol at the gate opening towards the ghat. This building has two parts, the one part of palace and the other one auxiliary house. This ghat was earlier named after Lala Misir, a family priest of the king of Punjab Raja Ranjit Singh. In 1879 the king of Rivan has purchased this and made sufficient repairing. The northern and the southern porches are based on the joints of pillars. Both the sides there are stone steps. In 1955 the king of Banaras has donated this palace to Banaras Hindu University that uses it as dormitory for students of performance art and music. During 1985-2000 the ghat was fully covered by the siltation during annual flood. Thanks to a NGO, under the direction of Shanti Lal Jain, that the silt has been fully recovered and now there exists open space. Some of tea shops have occupied the area. [[File:Ganga Mahal Ghat inside 2024.jpg|thumb|Ganga Mahal Internal view 2024]] === Present state of conservation === Except by the royal trust looking after Ganga Mahal, and the Banaras Hindu University, and the local public organisations those work on their own ways, there are no specific action plans, programmes and strategies for conservation and preservation of the ghats. The two institutions maintain their properties according to their own perspectives. However, the Ganga Mahal is better looked after by the foreign organisations. === Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property === [[File:Rewan Kothi Rewa Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|thumb|Rewan Kothi Rewa Ghat, Varanasi]] [[File:Rewan Koth, Rewan Ghat 2024.jpg|thumb|Rewan Koth, Rewan Ghat 2024]] It is expected that by the support of active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society. === Ownership === The Ganga Mahal palace is owned by the Maharani Trust of the king of Banaras; and the Rivan Mahal palace is owned by the Banaras Hindu University; and the ghat area is owned by the Municipal Corporation. {{CourseCat}} dqx0t6ovydz1ha6ef3f5r7pl3463how 4 162205 2688833 2687840 2024-11-25T22:42:06Z MediaWiki message delivery 983498 /* Tech News: 2024-48 */ new section 2688833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Archive box|[[/2014/]] · [[/2015/]] · [[/2016/]] · [[/2017/]] · [[/2018/]] · [[/2019/]] · [[/2020/]] · [[/2021/]] · [[/2022/]]}} __TOC__ {{Clear}} == Tech News: 2023-02 == <section begin="technews-2023-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349] * [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]]. * You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541] * A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use <code>matrix:</code> to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021] * You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W02"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:07, 10 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24342971 --> == Tech News: 2023-03 == <section begin="technews-2023-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in "{{int:last}}" links on page history now contain <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=prev&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi> in place of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=[revision ID]&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi>. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on <code>{{ns:1}}:</code> and <code>{{ns:3}}:</code> namespaces. These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as <code>{{ns:5}}:</code>. They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including <code>{{ns:4}}:</code> pages (e.g., at the Village Pump). You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417] *On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:10, 17 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24381020 --> == Tech News: 2023-04 == <section begin="technews-2023-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907] * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:46, 23 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24418874 --> == Tech News: 2023-05 == <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 31 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == Tech News: 2023-06 == <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == Tech News: 2023-07 == <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:48, 14 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == Tech News: 2023-08 == <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:57, 21 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == Tech News: 2023-09 == <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == Tech News: 2023-10 == <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 6 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == Tech News: 2023-11 == <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == Tech News: 2023-12 == <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:25, 21 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == Tech News: 2023-13 == <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:13, 28 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == Tech News: 2023-14 == <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 3 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == Tech News: 2023-15 == <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == Tech News: 2023-16 == <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:54, 18 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == Tech News: 2023-17 == <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:03, 24 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == Tech News: 2023-18 == <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == Tech News: 2023-19 == <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[w:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == Tech News: 2023-20 == <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == Tech News: 2023-21 == <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> 16:55, 22 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == Tech News: 2023-22 == <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:03, 29 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == Tech News: 2023-23 == <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:52, 5 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == Tech News: 2023-24 == <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:51, 12 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == Tech News: 2023-25 == <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:08, 19 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == Tech News: 2023-26 == <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 26 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == Tech News: 2023-27 == <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == Tech News: 2023-28 == <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == Tech News: 2023-29 == <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[w:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == Tech News: 2023-30 == <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == Tech News: 2023-31 == <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == Tech News: 2023-32 == <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:20, 7 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == Tech News: 2023-33 == <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:59, 15 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == Tech News: 2023-34 == <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> 15:25, 21 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == Tech News: 2023-35 == <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == Tech News: 2023-36 == <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:33, 4 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == Tech News: 2023-37 == <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:07, 11 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == Tech News: 2023-38 == <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:19, 18 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == Tech News: 2023-39 == <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == Tech News: 2023-40 == <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 3 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == Tech News: 2023-41 == <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == Tech News: 2023-42 == <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == Tech News: 2023-43 == <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:16, 23 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == Tech News: 2023-44 == <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == Tech News: 2023-45 == <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:05, 6 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == Tech News: 2023-46 == <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == Tech News: 2023-47 == <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == Tech News: 2023-48 == <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 27 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == Tech News: 2023-49 == <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 December 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == Tech News: 2023-50 == <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:12, 12 December 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == Tech News: 2023-51 == <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:17, 18 December 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == Tech News: 2024-02 == <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:19, 9 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == Tech News: 2024-03 == <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == Tech News: 2024-04 == <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:03, 23 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == Tech News: 2024-05 == <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == Tech News: 2024-06 == <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == Tech News: 2024-07 == <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:48, 13 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == Tech News: 2024-08 == <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:36, 19 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == Tech News: 2024-09 == <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == Tech News: 2024-10 == <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == Tech News: 2024-11 == <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == Tech News: 2024-12 == <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:39, 18 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == Tech News: 2024-13 == <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:56, 25 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == Tech News: 2024-14 == <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == Tech News: 2024-15 == <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 8 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == Tech News: 2024-16 == <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == Tech News: 2024-17 == <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == Tech News: 2024-18 == <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:33, 30 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == Tech News: 2024-19 == <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:44, 6 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == Tech News: 2024-20 == <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:58, 13 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == Tech News: 2024-21 == <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == Tech News: 2024-22 == <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == Tech News: 2024-23 == <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == Tech News: 2024-24 == <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == Tech News: 2024-25 == <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == Tech News: 2024-26 == <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:32, 24 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == Tech News: 2024-27 == <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == Tech News: 2024-28 == <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:31, 8 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == Tech News: 2024-29 == <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == Tech News: 2024-30 == <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 23 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == Tech News: 2024-31 == <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 29 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == Tech News: 2024-32 == <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 5 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == Tech News: 2024-33 == <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 12 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == Tech News: 2024-34 == <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:54, 20 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == Tech News: 2024-35 == <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:33, 26 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == Tech News: 2024-36 == <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:07, 3 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == Tech News: 2024-37 == <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == Tech News: 2024-38 == <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:02, 17 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == Tech News: 2024-39 == <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:36, 23 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == Tech News: 2024-40 == <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:20, 30 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == Tech News: 2024-41 == <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:42, 7 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == Tech News: 2024-42 == <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 14 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == Tech News: 2024-43 == <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:52, 21 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == Tech News: 2024-44 == <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:56, 28 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == Tech News: 2024-45 == <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 4 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == Tech News: 2024-46 == <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 12 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == Tech News: 2024-47 == <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:00, 19 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == Tech News: 2024-48 == <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> nqxtz83en1canivnkelmn98qzcrc138 0 171005 2688888 2688558 2024-11-26T08:01:59Z Young1lim 21186 /* Geometric Series Examples */ 2688888 wikitext text/x-wiki Many of the functions that arise naturally in mathematics and real world applications can be extended to and regarded as complex functions, meaning the input, as well as the output, can be complex numbers <math>x+iy</math>, where <math>i=\sqrt{-1}</math>, in such a way that it is a more natural object to study. '''Complex analysis''', which used to be known as '''function theory''' or '''theory of functions of a single complex variable''', is a sub-field of analysis that studies such functions (more specifically, '''holomorphic''' functions) on the complex plane, or part (domain) or extension (Riemann surface) thereof. It notably has great importance in number theory, e.g. the [[Riemann zeta function]] (for the distribution of primes) and other <math>L</math>-functions, modular forms, elliptic functions, etc. <blockquote>The shortest path between two truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain. — [[wikipedia:Jacques_Hadamard|Jacques Hadamard]]</blockquote>In a certain sense, the essence of complex functions is captured by the principle of [[analytic continuation]].{{mathematics}} ==''' Complex Functions '''== * Complex Functions ([[Media:CAnal.1.A.CFunction.20140222.Basic.pdf|1.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.1.B.CFunction.20140111.Octave.pdf|1.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.1.C.CFunction.20140111.Extend.pdf|1.C.pdf]]) * Complex Exponential and Logarithm ([[Media:CAnal.5.A.CLog.20131017.pdf|5.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.5.A.Octave.pdf|5.B.pdf]]) * Complex Trigonometric and Hyperbolic ([[Media:CAnal.7.A.CTrigHyper..pdf|7.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.7.A.Octave..pdf|7.B.pdf]]) '''Complex Function Note''' : 1. Exp and Log Function Note ([[Media:ComplexExp.29160721.pdf|H1.pdf]]) : 2. Trig and TrigH Function Note ([[Media:CAnal.Trig-H.29160901.pdf|H1.pdf]]) : 3. Inverse Trig and TrigH Functions Note ([[Media:CAnal.Hyper.29160829.pdf|H1.pdf]]) ==''' Complex Integrals '''== * Complex Integrals ([[Media:CAnal.2.A.CIntegral.20140224.Basic.pdf|2.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.2.B.CIntegral.20140117.Octave.pdf|2.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.2.C.CIntegral.20140117.Extend.pdf|2.C.pdf]]) ==''' Complex Series '''== * Complex Series ([[Media:CPX.Series.20150226.2.Basic.pdf|3.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.3.B.CSeries.20140121.Octave.pdf|3.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.3.C.CSeries.20140303.Extend.pdf|3.C.pdf]]) ==''' Residue Integrals '''== * Residue Integrals ([[Media:CAnal.4.A.Residue.20140227.Basic.pdf|4.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.4.B.pdf|4.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.4.C.Residue.20140423.Extend.pdf|4.C.pdf]]) ==='''Residue Integrals Note'''=== * Laurent Series with the Residue Theorem Note ([[Media:Laurent.1.Residue.20170713.pdf|H1.pdf]]) * Laurent Series with Applications Note ([[Media:Laurent.2.Applications.20170327.pdf|H1.pdf]]) * Laurent Series and the z-Transform Note ([[Media:Laurent.3.z-Trans.20170831.pdf|H1.pdf]]) * Laurent Series as a Geometric Series Note ([[Media:Laurent.4.GSeries.20170802.pdf|H1.pdf]]) === Laurent Series and the z-Transform Example Note === * Overview ([[Media:Laurent.4.z-Example.20170926.pdf|H1.pdf]]) ====Geometric Series Examples==== * Causality ([[Media:Laurent.5.Causality.1.A.20191026n.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Causality.1.B.20191026.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Time Shift ([[Media:Laurent.5.TimeShift.2.A.20191028.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.TimeShift.2.B.20191029.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Reciprocity ([[Media:Laurent.5.Reciprocity.3A.20191030.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Reciprocity.3B.20191031.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Combinations ([[Media:Laurent.5.Combination.4A.20200702.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Combination.4B.20201002.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Properties ([[Media:Laurent.5.Property.5A.20220105.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Property.5B.20220126.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Permutations ([[Media:Laurent.6.Permutation.6A.20230711.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Permutation.6B.20241125.pdf|B.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Permutation.6C.20240528.pdf|C.pdf]]) * Applications ([[Media:Laurent.5.Application.6B.20220723.pdf|A.pdf]]) * Double Pole Case :- Examples ([[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleEx.7A.20220722.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleEx.7B.20220720.pdf|B.pdf]]) :- Properties ([[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleProp.5A.20190226.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleProp.5B.20190228.pdf|B.pdf]]) ====The Case Examples==== * Example Overview : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.0.A.20171208.pdf|0A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.6.CaseExample.0.B.20180205.pdf|0B.pdf]]) * Example Case 1 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.1.A.20171107.pdf|1A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.1.B.20171227.pdf|1B.pdf]]) * Example Case 2 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.2.A.20171107.pdf|2A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.2.B.20171227.pdf|2B.pdf]]) * Example Case 3 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.3.A.20171017.pdf|3A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.3.B.20171226.pdf|3B.pdf]]) * Example Case 4 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.4.A.20171017.pdf|4A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.4.B.20171228.pdf|4B.pdf]]) * Example Summary : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.5.A.20171212.pdf|5A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.5.B.20171230.pdf|5B.pdf]]) ==''' Conformal Mapping '''== * Conformal Mapping ([[Media:CAnal.6.A.Conformal.20131224.pdf|6.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.6.A.Octave..pdf|6.B.pdf]]) go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] [[Category:Complex analysis]] oo2x7cztb0u7th26l025jbkhm8zmpyq 2688890 2688888 2024-11-26T08:03:01Z Young1lim 21186 /* Geometric Series Examples */ 2688890 wikitext text/x-wiki Many of the functions that arise naturally in mathematics and real world applications can be extended to and regarded as complex functions, meaning the input, as well as the output, can be complex numbers <math>x+iy</math>, where <math>i=\sqrt{-1}</math>, in such a way that it is a more natural object to study. '''Complex analysis''', which used to be known as '''function theory''' or '''theory of functions of a single complex variable''', is a sub-field of analysis that studies such functions (more specifically, '''holomorphic''' functions) on the complex plane, or part (domain) or extension (Riemann surface) thereof. It notably has great importance in number theory, e.g. the [[Riemann zeta function]] (for the distribution of primes) and other <math>L</math>-functions, modular forms, elliptic functions, etc. <blockquote>The shortest path between two truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain. — [[wikipedia:Jacques_Hadamard|Jacques Hadamard]]</blockquote>In a certain sense, the essence of complex functions is captured by the principle of [[analytic continuation]].{{mathematics}} ==''' Complex Functions '''== * Complex Functions ([[Media:CAnal.1.A.CFunction.20140222.Basic.pdf|1.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.1.B.CFunction.20140111.Octave.pdf|1.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.1.C.CFunction.20140111.Extend.pdf|1.C.pdf]]) * Complex Exponential and Logarithm ([[Media:CAnal.5.A.CLog.20131017.pdf|5.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.5.A.Octave.pdf|5.B.pdf]]) * Complex Trigonometric and Hyperbolic ([[Media:CAnal.7.A.CTrigHyper..pdf|7.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.7.A.Octave..pdf|7.B.pdf]]) '''Complex Function Note''' : 1. Exp and Log Function Note ([[Media:ComplexExp.29160721.pdf|H1.pdf]]) : 2. Trig and TrigH Function Note ([[Media:CAnal.Trig-H.29160901.pdf|H1.pdf]]) : 3. Inverse Trig and TrigH Functions Note ([[Media:CAnal.Hyper.29160829.pdf|H1.pdf]]) ==''' Complex Integrals '''== * Complex Integrals ([[Media:CAnal.2.A.CIntegral.20140224.Basic.pdf|2.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.2.B.CIntegral.20140117.Octave.pdf|2.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.2.C.CIntegral.20140117.Extend.pdf|2.C.pdf]]) ==''' Complex Series '''== * Complex Series ([[Media:CPX.Series.20150226.2.Basic.pdf|3.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.3.B.CSeries.20140121.Octave.pdf|3.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.3.C.CSeries.20140303.Extend.pdf|3.C.pdf]]) ==''' Residue Integrals '''== * Residue Integrals ([[Media:CAnal.4.A.Residue.20140227.Basic.pdf|4.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.4.B.pdf|4.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.4.C.Residue.20140423.Extend.pdf|4.C.pdf]]) ==='''Residue Integrals Note'''=== * Laurent Series with the Residue Theorem Note ([[Media:Laurent.1.Residue.20170713.pdf|H1.pdf]]) * Laurent Series with Applications Note ([[Media:Laurent.2.Applications.20170327.pdf|H1.pdf]]) * Laurent Series and the z-Transform Note ([[Media:Laurent.3.z-Trans.20170831.pdf|H1.pdf]]) * Laurent Series as a Geometric Series Note ([[Media:Laurent.4.GSeries.20170802.pdf|H1.pdf]]) === Laurent Series and the z-Transform Example Note === * Overview ([[Media:Laurent.4.z-Example.20170926.pdf|H1.pdf]]) ====Geometric Series Examples==== * Causality ([[Media:Laurent.5.Causality.1.A.20191026n.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Causality.1.B.20191026.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Time Shift ([[Media:Laurent.5.TimeShift.2.A.20191028.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.TimeShift.2.B.20191029.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Reciprocity ([[Media:Laurent.5.Reciprocity.3A.20191030.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Reciprocity.3B.20191031.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Combinations ([[Media:Laurent.5.Combination.4A.20200702.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Combination.4B.20201002.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Properties ([[Media:Laurent.5.Property.5A.20220105.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Property.5B.20220126.pdf|B.pdf]]) * Permutations ([[Media:Laurent.6.Permutation.6A.20230711.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Permutation.6B.20241126.pdf|B.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Permutation.6C.20240528.pdf|C.pdf]]) * Applications ([[Media:Laurent.5.Application.6B.20220723.pdf|A.pdf]]) * Double Pole Case :- Examples ([[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleEx.7A.20220722.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleEx.7B.20220720.pdf|B.pdf]]) :- Properties ([[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleProp.5A.20190226.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleProp.5B.20190228.pdf|B.pdf]]) ====The Case Examples==== * Example Overview : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.0.A.20171208.pdf|0A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.6.CaseExample.0.B.20180205.pdf|0B.pdf]]) * Example Case 1 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.1.A.20171107.pdf|1A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.1.B.20171227.pdf|1B.pdf]]) * Example Case 2 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.2.A.20171107.pdf|2A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.2.B.20171227.pdf|2B.pdf]]) * Example Case 3 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.3.A.20171017.pdf|3A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.3.B.20171226.pdf|3B.pdf]]) * Example Case 4 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.4.A.20171017.pdf|4A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.4.B.20171228.pdf|4B.pdf]]) * Example Summary : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.5.A.20171212.pdf|5A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.5.B.20171230.pdf|5B.pdf]]) ==''' Conformal Mapping '''== * Conformal Mapping ([[Media:CAnal.6.A.Conformal.20131224.pdf|6.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.6.A.Octave..pdf|6.B.pdf]]) go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] [[Category:Complex analysis]] 8f55n9devgtcopyk6mjtixd0jpf1a4i 0 203942 2688837 2688753 2024-11-25T22:57:35Z Young1lim 21186 /* Lambda Calculus */ 2688837 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== * Overview I ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.1.A.20160806.pdf |pdf]]) * Overview II ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.2.A.20160926.pdf |pdf]]) * Overview III ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.3.A.20161011.pdf |pdf]]) * Overview IV ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.4.A.20161104.pdf |pdf]]) * Overview V ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.5.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]]) </br> ==Applications== * Sudoku Background ([[Media:Sudoku.Background.0.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]]) * Bird's Implementation :- Specification ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.1.A.Spec.20170425.pdf |pdf]]) :- Rules ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.2.A.Rule.20170201.pdf |pdf]]) :- Pruning ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.3.A.Pruning.20170211.pdf |pdf]]) :- Expanding ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.4.A.Expand.20170506.pdf |pdf]]) </br> ==Using GHCi== * Getting started ([[Media:GHCi.Start.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]]) </br> ==Using Libraries== * Library ([[Media:Library.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]]) </br> </br> ==Types== * Constructors ([[Media:Background.1.A.Constructor.20180904.pdf |pdf]]) * TypeClasses ([[Media:Background.1.B.TypeClass.20180904.pdf |pdf]]) * Types ([[Media:MP3.1A.Mut.Type.20200721.pdf |pdf]]) * Primitive Types ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.PrimType.20200611.pdf |pdf]]) * Polymorphic Types ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Polymorphic.20201212.pdf |pdf]]) ==Functions== * Functions ([[Media:Background.1.C.Function.20180712.pdf |pdf]]) * Operators ([[Media:Background.1.E.Operator.20180707.pdf |pdf]]) * Continuation Passing Style ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Continuation.20220110.pdf |pdf]]) ==Expressions== * Expressions I ([[Media:Background.1.D.Expression.20180707.pdf |pdf]]) * Expressions II ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Expression.20220628.pdf |pdf]]) * Non-terminating Expressions ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Non-terminating.20220616.pdf |pdf]]) </br> </br> ==Lambda Calculus== * Lambda Calculus - informal description ([[Media:LCal.1A.informal.20220831.pdf |pdf]]) * Lambda Calculus - Formal definition ([[Media:LCal.2A.formal.20221015.pdf |pdf]]) * Expression Reduction ([[Media:LCal.3A.reduction.20220920.pdf |pdf]]) * Normal Forms ([[Media:LCal.4A.Normal.20220903.pdf |pdf]]) * Encoding Datatypes :- Church Numerals ([[Media:LCal.5A.Numeral.20230627.pdf |pdf]]) :- Church Booleans ([[Media:LCal.6A.Boolean.20230815.pdf |pdf]]) :- Functions ([[Media:LCal.7A.Function.20231230.pdf |pdf]]) :- Combinators ([[Media:LCal.8A.Combinator.20241126.pdf |pdf]]) :- Recursions ([[Media:LCal.9A.Recursion.20240418.pdf |pdf]]) </br> </br> ==Function Oriented Typeclasses== === Functors === * Functor Overview ([[Media:Functor.1.A.Overview.20180802.pdf |pdf]]) * Function Functor ([[Media:Functor.2.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]]) * Functor Lifting ([[Media:Functor.2.B.Lifting.20180721.pdf |pdf]]) === Applicatives === * Applicatives Overview ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Overview.20180606.pdf |pdf]]) * Applicatives Methods ([[Media:Applicative.3.B.Method.20180519.pdf |pdf]]) * Function Applicative ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]]) * Applicatives Sequencing ([[Media:Applicative.3.C.Sequencing.20180606.pdf |pdf]]) === Monads I : Background === * Side Effects ([[Media:Monad.P1.1A.SideEffect.20190316.pdf |pdf]]) * Monad Overview ([[Media:Monad.P1.2A.Overview.20190308.pdf |pdf]]) * Monadic Operations ([[Media:Monad.P1.3A.Operations.20190308.pdf |pdf]]) * Maybe Monad ([[Media:Monad.P1.4A.Maybe.201900606.pdf |pdf]]) * IO Actions ([[Media:Monad.P1.5A.IOAction.20190606.pdf |pdf]]) * Several Monad Types ([[Media:Monad.P1.6A.Types.20191016.pdf |pdf]]) === Monads II : State Transformer Monads === * State Transformer : - State Transformer Basics ([[Media:MP2.1A.STrans.Basic.20191002.pdf |pdf]]) : - State Transformer Generic Monad ([[Media:MP2.1B.STrans.Generic.20191002.pdf |pdf]]) : - State Transformer Monads ([[Media:MP2.1C.STrans.Monad.20191022.pdf |pdf]]) * State Monad : - State Monad Basics ([[Media:MP2.2A.State.Basic.20190706.pdf |pdf]]) : - State Monad Methods ([[Media:MP2.2B.State.Method.20190706.pdf |pdf]]) : - State Monad Examples ([[Media:MP2.2C.State.Example.20190706.pdf |pdf]]) === Monads III : Mutable State Monads === * Mutability Background : - Inhabitedness ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Inhabited.20220319.pdf |pdf]]) : - Existential Types ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Existential.20220128.pdf |pdf]]) : - forall Keyword ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.forall.20210316.pdf |pdf]]) : - Mutability and Strictness ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Strictness.20200613.pdf |pdf]]) : - Strict and Lazy Packages ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Package.20200620.pdf |pdf]]) * Mutable Objects : - Mutable Variables ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.Variable.20200224.pdf |pdf]]) : - Mutable Data Structures ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.DataStruct.20191226.pdf |pdf]]) * IO Monad : - IO Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.2A.IO.Basic.20191019.pdf |pdf]]) : - IO Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.2B.IO.Method.20191022.pdf |pdf]]) : - IORef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.2C.IO.IORef.20191019.pdf |pdf]]) * ST Monad : - ST Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.3A.ST.Basic.20191031.pdf |pdf]]) : - ST Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.3B.ST.Method.20191023.pdf |pdf]]) : - STRef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.3C.ST.STRef.20191023.pdf |pdf]]) === Monads IV : Reader and Writer Monads === * Function Monad ([[Media:Monad.10.A.Function.20180806.pdf |pdf]]) * Monad Transformer ([[Media:Monad.3.I.Transformer.20180727.pdf |pdf]]) * MonadState Class :: - State & StateT Monads ([[Media:Monad.9.A.MonadState.Monad.20180920.pdf |pdf]]) :: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.9.B.MonadState.Class.20180920.pdf |pdf]]) * MonadReader Class :: - Reader & ReaderT Monads ([[Media:Monad.11.A.Reader.20180821.pdf |pdf]]) :: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.12.A.MonadReader.20180821.pdf |pdf]]) * Control Monad ([[Media:Monad.9.A.Control.20180908.pdf |pdf]]) === Monoid === * Monoids ([[Media:Monoid.4.A.20180508.pdf |pdf]]) === Arrow === * Arrows ([[Media:Arrow.1.A.20190504.pdf |pdf]]) </br> ==Polymorphism== * Polymorphism Overview ([[Media:Poly.1.A.20180220.pdf |pdf]]) </br> ==Concurrent Haskell == </br> go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] ==External links== * [http://learnyouahaskell.com/introduction Learn you Haskell] * [http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/ Real World Haskell] * [http://www.scs.stanford.edu/14sp-cs240h/slides/ Standford Class Material] [[Category:Haskell|programming in plain view]] ndhx4u13e29hnixlhpyloxo1uzmyj3o 0 232469 2688841 2688757 2024-11-25T23:17:14Z Young1lim 21186 /* ARM Assembly Programming (II) */ 2688841 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Background''' == '''Combinational and Sequential Circuits''' * [[Media:DD2.B.4..Adder.20131007.pdf |Adder]] * [[Media:DD3.A.1.LatchFF.20160308.pdf |Latches and Flipflops]] '''FSM''' * [[Media:DD3.A.3.FSM.20131030.pdf |FSM]] * [[Media:CArch.2.A.Bubble.20131021.pdf |FSM Example]] '''Tiny CPU Example''' * [[Media:CDsgn6.TinyCPU.2.A.ISA.20160511.pdf |Instruction Set]] * [[Media:CDsgn6.TinyCPU.2.B.DPath.20160502.pdf |Data Path]] * [[Media:CDsgn6.TinyCPU.2.C.CPath.20160427.pdf |Control Path]] * [[Media:CDsgn6.TinyCPU.2.D.Implement.20160513.pdf |FPGA Implementation]] </br> == '''Microprocessor Architecture''' == * ARM Architecture : - Programmer's Model ([[Media:ARM.1Arch.1A.Model.20180321.pdf |pdf]]) : - Pipelined Architecture ([[Media:ARM.1Arch.2A.Pipeline.20180419.pdf |pdf]]) * ARM Organization * ARM Cortex-M Processor Architecture * ARM Processor Cores </br> == '''Instruction Set Architecture''' == * ARM Instruction Set : - Overview ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.1A.Overview.20190611.pdf |pdf]]) : - Addressing Modes ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.2A.AddrMode.20191108.pdf |pdf]]) : - Multiple Transfer ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.3A.MTransfer.20190903.pdf |pdf]]) : - Assembler Format :: - Data Processing ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.4A.Proc.Format.20200204.pdf |pdf]]) :: - Data Transfer ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.4B.Trans.Format.20200205.pdf |pdf]]) :: - Coprocessor ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.4C.CoProc.Format.20191214.pdf |pdf]]) :: - Summary ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.4D.Summary.Format.20200205.pdf |pdf]]) : - Binary Encoding ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.5A.Encoding.201901105.pdf |pdf]]) * Thumb Instruction Set </br> == '''Assembly Programming''' == === ARM Assembly Programming (I) === * 1. Overview ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.1A.Overview.20200101.pdf |pdf]]) * 2. Example Programs ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.2A.Program.20200108.pdf |pdf]]) * 3. Addressing Modes ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.3A.Address.20200127.pdf |pdf]]) * 4. Data Transfer ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.4A.DTransfer.20230726.pdf |pdf]]) * 5. Data Processing ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.5A.DProcess.20200208.pdf |pdf]]) * 6. Control ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.6A.Control.20200215.pdf |pdf]]) * 7. Arrays ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.7A.Array.20200311.pdf |pdf]]) * 8. Data Structures ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.8A.DataStruct.20200718.pdf |pdf]]) * 9. Finite State Machines ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.9A.FSM.20200417.pdf |pdf]]) * 10. Functions ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.10A.Function.20210115.pdf |pdf]]) * 11. Parameter Passing ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.11A.Parameter.20210106.pdf |pdf]]) * 12. Stack Frames ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.12A.StackFrame.20210611.pdf |pdf]]) :: :: === ARM Assembly Programming (II) === :: * 1. Branch and Return Instructions ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.Branch.20241126.pdf |pdf]]) * 2. PC Relative Addressing ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.PCRelative.20241123.pdf |pdf]]) * 3. Thumb instruction Set ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.Thumb.20241123.pdf |pdf]]) * 4. Exceptions ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.Exception.20220722.pdf |pdf]]) * 5. Exception Programming ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.ExceptionProg.20220311.pdf |pdf]]) * 6. Exception Handlers ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.ExceptionHandler.20220131.pdf |pdf]]) * 7. Interrupt Programming ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.InterruptProg.20211030.pdf |pdf]]) * 8. Interrupt Handlers ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.InterruptHandler.20211030.pdf |pdf]]) * 9. Vectored Interrupt Programming ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.VectorInt.20230610.pdf |pdf]]) * 10. Tail Chaining ([[Media:ARM.2ASM.TailChain.20230816.pdf |pdf]]) </br> * ARM Assembly Exercises ([[Media:ESys.3.A.ARM-ASM-Exercise.20160608.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:ESys.3.B.Assembly.20160716.pdf |B.pdf]]) :: === ARM Assembly Programming (III) === * 1. Fixed point arithmetic (integer division) * 2. Floating point arithmetic * 3. Matrix multiply === ARM Linking === * arm link ([[Media:arm_link.20211208.pdf |pdf]]) </br> === ARM Microcontroller Programming === * 1. Input / Output * 2. Serial / Parallel Port Interfacing * 3. Analog I/O Interfacing * 4. Communication </br> == '''Memory Architecture''' == </br> === '''Memory Hierarchy''' === </br> === '''System and Peripheral Buses''' === </br> === '''Architectural Support''' === * High Level Languages * System Development * Operating Systems </br> == '''Peripheral Architecture''' == </br> === '''Vectored Interrupt Controller ''' === </br> === '''Timers ''' === * Timer / Counter ([[Media:ARM.4ASM.Timer.20220801.pdf |pdf]]) * Real Time Clock * Watchdog Timer </br> === '''Serial Bus''' === * '''UART''' : Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter ([[Media:ARM.4ASM.UART.20220924.pdf |pdf]]) * '''I2C''' : Inter-Integrated Circuit * '''SPI''' : Serial Peripheral Interface * '''USB''' : Universal Serial Bus Device Controller </br> === '''I/Os ''' === * General Purpose Input/Output ports (GPIO) * Pulse Width Modulator * Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) * Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) </br> <!-- == '''Interrupts and Exceptions ''' == --> </br> == '''Synchrnoization'''== </br> === H/W and S/W Synchronization === * busy wait synchronization * handshake interface </br> === Interrupt Synchronization === * interrupt synchronization * reentrant programming * buffered IO * periodic interrupt * periodic polling </br> ==''' Interfacing '''== </br> === Time Interfacing === * input capture * output compare </br> === Serial Interfacing === * Programming UART * Programming SPI * Programming I2C * Programming USB </br> === Analog Interfacing === * OP Amp * Filters * ADC * DAC </br> == '''Old materials''' == === '''Instruction Set Architecture''' === * ARM Instruction Set :: - Overview ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.1A.Overview.20180528.pdf |pdf]]) :: - Binary Encoding ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.2A.Encoding.20180528.pdf |pdf]]) :: - Assembler Format ([[Media:ARM.2ISA.3A.Format.20180528.pdf |pdf]]) * Thumb Instruction Set * ARM Assembly Language ([[Media:ESys3.1A.Assembly.20160608.pdf |pdf]]) * ARM Machine Language ([[Media:ESys3.2A.Machine.20160615.pdf |pdf]]) </br> </br> go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ] 79fl9a6aielick4l0rpiynfbz002tpp 0 235272 2688815 2639271 2024-11-25T17:15:30Z 209.160.198.204 /* Chlorophyta */ 2688815 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Diversity of plants (Streptophyta) version 2.png|thumb|300px|right|A sample of plant diversity.]] In botany, the equivalent of a Phylum is called a division. The Kingdom Plantae is divided into 14 Divisions. A Division (pl. Phyla) is the largest formal major grouping within plant taxonomy below Kingdom. This list is presented in alphabetical order, and not in any systematic/evolutionary arrangement. Science is by no means static. There are arguments of all sizes and shapes about the taxonomy of the Plant Divisions. Other sources may combine or split these listed Divisions. However, at this time, the list presented here should stand in good stead for an introduction to the topic of plant diversity. There are approximately 250,000 plant species that have been described by science. This list tries to give the following information on each Division: *Division Name *A link to a subpage discussing that Phylum in more detail (if it yet exists) *Name Meaning (in English) *An English Common Name, where one is in regular use *Distinguishing characteristics of plants within the Division *An approximate number of species described within that Division. Since botany does not stand still, this number can change. You can also see [[Introduction to Taxonomy]] for more on that topic. ==Anthocerotophyta== [[Image:Hornwort (3144429129).jpg|thumb|100px|right|Hornworts.]] [[/Anthocerotophyta/]] Name Meaning: Anthoceros-like plant English Common Name: Hornworts Major distinguishing characteristics: Horn-shaped sporophytes, no vascular system Approximate number of species described: 100-300 or more [[File:Hornwort_(3144429129).jpg|right|thumb|100x100px|Hornworts.]] ==Bryophyta== [[Image:Mose09.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Moss, a bryophyte.]] [[/Bryophyta/]] Name Meaning: Bryum-like plant, moss plant English Common Name: Mosses Major distinguishing characteristics: Persistent unbranched sporophytes, no vascular system Approximate number of species described: 12,000 ==Charophyta== [[Image:Chara overview.jpg|thumb|100px|right|''Chara'', a Charophyte.]] [[/Charophyta/]] Name Meaning: Chara-like plant English Common Name: Charophytes Major distinguishing characteristics: Approximate number of species described: 1,000 ==Chlorophyta== [[image:Bulletin de l'Acadmie impriale des sciences de St.-Ptersbourg (20431048865).jpg|thumb|100px|right|A Chlorophyte.]] [[/Chlorophyta/]] Name Meaning: Yellow-green plant English Common Name: Chlorophytes Major distinguishing characteristics: mainly autotrophs with exceptions and have the same chlorophyll a and b pigments as "higher" plant divisions Approximate number of species described: 8,000 ==Cycadophyta== [[Image:Unidentified cycad in greenhouse.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Unidentified cycad in greenhouse.]] [[/Cycadophyta/]] Name Meaning: Cycas-like plant, palm-like plant English Common Name: Cycads Major distinguishing characteristics: Seeds, crown of compound leaves Approximate number of species described: 100 - 200 ==Ginkgophyta== [[Image:Gingko biloba2.jpg|thumb|100px|right|''Gingko biloba''.]] [[/Ginkgophyta/]] Name Meaning: Ginkgo-like plant English Common Name: Ginkgo, maidenhair tree Major distinguishing characteristics: Seeds not protected by fruit Approximate number of species described: 1 living, about 50 extinct ==Glaucophyta== [[Image:Glaucophyte.jpg|thumb|100px|right|A glaucophyte.]] [[/Glaucophyta/]] Name Meaning: Blue-green plant English Common Name: Glaucophytes Major distinguishing characteristics: Approximate number of species described: 13 ==Gnetophyta== [[Image:Gnetum scandens (6780786863).jpg|thumb|100px|right|''Gnetum scandens''.]] Gnetophyta Name Meaning: Gnetum-like plant English Common Name: Gnetophytes Major distinguishing characteristics: Seeds and woody vascular system with vessels. Approximate number of species described: 70 ==Lycopodiophyta (Lycophyta)== [[Image:Clubmoss - Flickr - pellaea (1).jpg|thumb|100px|right|Clubmoss.]] [[/Lycopodiophyta (Lycophyta)/]] Name Meaning: Lycopodium-like plants, wolf plant English Common Name: Clubmosses, spikemosses Major distinguishing characteristics: Microphyll leaves, vascular system Approximate number of species described: 1290 living ==Magnoliophyta (Anthophyta)== [[Image:Sweetbay Magnolia Magnolia virginiana Flower Closeup 2242px.jpg|thumb|100px|right|''Magnolia virginiana''.]] [[/Magnoliophyta/]] Name Meaning: Magnolia-like plant English Common Name: Flowering plants, angiosperms Major distinguishing characteristics: Flowers and fruit, vascular system with vessels Approximate number of species described: 300,000 ==Marchantiophyta (Hepatophyta)== [[Image:Liverwort Ferndale Park.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Liverwort.]] [[/Marchantiophyta (Hepatophyta)/]] Name Meaning: Marchantia-like plant, liver plant English Common Name: Liverworts Major distinguishing characteristics: Ephemeral unbranched sporophytes, no vascular system Approximate number of species described: 9,000 ==Pinophyta (Coniferophyta)== [[Image:Taxus wallichiana kz1.jpg|thumb|100px|right|''Taxus wallichiana'', the Himalayan Yew, a conifer.]] [[/Pinophyta (Coniferophyta)/]] Name Meaning: Pinus-like plant, cone-bearing plant English Common Name: Conifers Major distinguishing characteristics: Cones containing seeds and wood composed of tracheids Approximate number of species described: 629 living ==Polypodiophyta (Monilophyta)== [[Image:Tree Fern.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Tree fern fronds and fiddleneck (growing young frond).]] [[wikipedia:Fern|Polypodiophyta]] (Monophyte) Once called [[Pteridophyta]] (outdated! The sub-divisions Lycopodiophyte and Euphyllophyte have been differentiated) Name Meaning: Many foot plant, Polypodium-like plant English Common Name: ferns, horsetails Major distinguishing characteristics: Prothallus gametophytes and vascular system Approximate number of species described: 9000 ==Other Resources== *[http://tolweb.org/Green_plants/2382 Tree of Life, Green Plants] *[http://eol.org/pages/281/overview Encyclopedia of life, Plantae] *[[Animal Phyla]] a companion piece to this one ==References== * [[Wikipedia:Phylum]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Botany]] o4c040e7i2xqhpxfx4bwb24179qez5q 2 240847 2688807 2688169 2024-11-25T14:15:08Z Jason M. C., Han 2696291 /* Teacher's Shares of his own home-works from childhood (Open) - Jason, Han */Adding content and self-reflexivity of teaching from classroom 2688807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''No Orders, Beautiful flowers were blooming from Childhood! Let us pick up your most beautiful moments...''' [[File:Salzburg Cathedral (Inside) - Mozart Baptized place 1. - Mozart-Complexes World under Water (Modernist View).jpg|thumb|Piano Kids, on that day, modern colours, lights and technologies made Mozart's birthplace (Washing) -Salzburg Cathedral like a world (palace) under the biggest water - Blue Sea]] [[File:Beautiful landscapes surrounding Mozart's birthplace - Heavenly Spring flowing from Alps Moutain.jpg|thumb|Heavenly Ice-spring from Alps Mountain]] [[File:Mozart from Green Nature 1.jpg|thumb|Mozart comes from Green Mountain and Nature]] [[File:Beautiful Sunset View of Oceanic City from top building during COVID-19 period.jpeg|thumb|Beautiful Sunset View of Oceanic City during COVID-19 period]] [[File:Panorama of Hi-tech Industrial Park in Dalian from Top Rock of Xiaoping Island.jpg|thumb|Panorama of Earlier Spring Mountain-City from 'Top Rock' of Xiaoping Island]] [[File:Small items in Commons Life of 2019 Spring 2.jpg|thumb|Flaming Katy and piano-peers as Micro-landscape in classroom ]] [[File:An Oil Painting watched since born.jpeg|thumb|Oil Painting: Forest Cabin in front of Fuji(or Helan) Mountain 'hanging on the wall']] Oh, dear piano pupils, we have seen so many beautiful landscapes, across the times and spaces. Now, firstly, getting into East- your nature and self-meditation, let us try to take the Pentatonic Scales Exercises for relaxing you 'busy heart' and focusing your attention back to piano... *[[Portal:Pentatonic Impressionism (China Wu Sheng) in the view of Neo-classical Piano Techniques-training]] '''Afterwards, we can take further great life-tasks in piano...''' ===='''Firstly, passing by a Skyline of Citylife Night-Skyline'''==== [[File:Flowing City (Lin Hai), Player and Teacher JMC,Han (Jason).ogg|thumb| Flowing City from 'Forest Sea', JMC,Han [[File:Dalian Urban Night Skyline from Xiao Ping Island Mountain-top No.2.jpg|thumb|Dalian Urban Night Skyline from Xiao Ping Island Mountain-top No.2]] ]] ===='''New Era is coming...:(New Teaching List)'''==== [[File:Skiing Statue made during my rollers-skating.jpg|thumb|Skiing Statue shows Spirit (like piano)]] [[File:The new situation of bubbles-fish statue.jpg|thumb|Ice & Snow Bubbles-fish are welcoming]] [[File:Mmexport1614470203508.jpg|thumb|Picture of piano lessons still under Covid-19 situation]] Etude in the Advanced level - Sir Chopin's famous Black-keys (Flatten G Major) Etude: [[File:Chopin Black-keys Flat G Etude (Exercise), player JMC, Han.ogg|thumb| Black-keys: An Etude your teacher has no chance in childhood, but still hurries up to be better]] [[File:Chopin Impromptus Op.29, JMC, Han.ogg|thumb|Chopin Impromptus Op.29, JMC, Han - Deep Fast Waltz-thinking in Quiet Gentleman's Self-Expression (Improvising)]] [[File:Sogdian whirl with large pipa.jpg|thumb| (Public Domain Work: See original page: https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sogdian_whirl_with_large_pipa.jpg#mw-jump-to-license): Could you find some musicality similarly with Chopin's Black-keys' Pentatonic?]] True Fairland - a piano melody of The Nutcracker (Dance of Sugar Plum Fairy): the advanture from childhood realizes your piano dream-"Fingering Ballet" [[File:The Nutcracker (Dance of Sugar Plum Fairy), Piano performer JMC, Han.ogg|thumb|The piano performance of <Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy> in 'The Nutcracker' (Ballet Re-edited Piano Melody)]] Czerny 299 etudes were designed for the smart&strong fingering&modelling of hands and a pair of Vienna school's ears for the harmony...such as No.23... [[File:Czerny 299 No. 23 JMC,Han.ogg|thumb|Czerny 299 No. 23, player JMC,Han]] A peacefully praying Sinfonia of Sir Bach is freshly added in the "New exam book's list' during this COVID-19 period, to which you can have a relaxing hear and try (Don't worry, listening, it's enough time, you knew, 'Andatino'-Peacefully walking, and to sing by hands, in a small Baroque place : [[File:Sinfonia No.11 - 3Ps Invention, Bach, JMC,Han.ogg|thumb|Sinfonia No.11 Andatino- 3Ps Invention, Bach, Teacher JMC,Han (COVID-19 Protection Time)]] Encouragement in Italy Smart Fashion, but needs the very carefully fingering-techniques training (Long time, advanced), feet-edges' staccato, sentence-Pizzicato, flowing streams...Italian artist techniques always attract our eyeballs... Let us attempt to... make out your own Italy style! Cheer up! [[File:Domenico Scarlatti G Major Sonata, JMC,Han.ogg|thumb| Domenico Scarlatti G Major Sonata (In COVID-19 Pandemic Period), JMC,Han.ogg]] '''A good teaching video result played by Yixuan, Wang:''' http://m.kugou.com/mv/?hash=f00b36624f27b091b79e3f30e158aa03&sruserid=640650901 Baroque staccato techniques were always in a reasonable, confident, relaxing(wrists), fluent and vivid - 'Enough manners' of the Era, which needs us apply very careful fingering trainings. In a view of the whole structure, according to ears' musical suitable habits(psychological), I gave 1st section a twice repetitions, and then a throughout 2nd section to the Code. Hopefully, French Suite would make us brave, confident and relaxed. (but it also need years' accumulation of hand working to let those out and better) Have a try? Good luck! [[File:BWV.816 Gigue-French Suites No.5 Bach, Player JMC, Han.ogg|thumb|BWV.816 Gigue-French Suites No.5 Bach, Player JMC, Han]] (By turning to Wikimedia Commons, you will find two versions under its 'historical tree', currently. They are showing different stages we can reach. The first version was kept because it's relatively slower and more stable that in the basic stage we can make notes heard staccato and clear. After feeling suitable in this stage, we need to improve its tempo and get Gigue Dances' happy, vivid,,dialoguing with moods, jumping and wrists' breathing naturally. It needs time to train your hands frequently, untill relaxing but accurately. Main Difficulties: Stiffen wrists, Cramp and Tiredness... Now, it's the time of yourself...) Hi! We, piano kids: Imaging a scene, let us hands-dances with the good manners and a earnest mind in a beautiful Baroque palace. It's easy and natural... [[File:Primary Bach No. 16 March, Player JMC, Han.ogg|thumb|'Primary Bach No. 16 March' -A peaceful Bach-melody for all 'Piano Kids'...]] Sir Debussy's Arabesque Suites (The second suite) is also in the list. The musicality in my world is: It's the legend of Butterfly in birds' chorus... it took us to a Life-mountain behind our living garden facing a quiet sea... Watching, in some time of one section, you can also hear Monet's 'Quiet Morning' upon the sea... Alongside Butterfly's dance-suite, imagination is beginning. Oh, listening... (Main meaning referenced from my main page) What about it in your world and imagination? '''Sound teaching demonstration:''' [[File:Claude Debussy - 2nd Arabic Suite (Arabesque) - Spring Butterfly, Performer JMC, Han.wav|thumb|2nd Arabic Suite- Spring Butterfly (Impressionism Singing -Main Natural Lines&Breathes from Sir Debussy)]] '''Good video teaching result from a 12 years' old little girl piano-pupil Mo Zhou:''' http://m.kugou.com/mv/?hash=b50e133a360fa8d30cdcd9fca4163e73&sruserid=640650901 (Photographer: Ms. Yang, Gao) Listening! boys and girls, Dvorak's Humor-jumping and Homesick-expressing: A true Czech-homeland heart, but Dancing... somewhere in American Countryside [[File:Flatten G Humoresque Dvorak, Player JMC,Han.ogg|thumb|Flatten G Humoresque, A. Dvorak, Player JMC,Han]] [[File:One Town-view from Cesky Krumlov Castle.jpeg|thumb| Krumlov Castle-town's view]] ====Xinran, Yu - a lovely Chinese little piano girl's 'Ink-Mountain & Green Rivers' view of <The Cowherd's Flute> ==== '''Comment:''' "Before taking the national examination and the exhibition competition, we together listened and learned to the net-editions of young master Lang Lang and Yujia Wang...(regarding with this famous little melody of Chinese tradition) I think in this melody, she tried out her best for the techniques-training and the musicality in her age... from a little performer's view. Therefore,I gave the comment-Excellent. Close your eyes, thinking of a little lovely girl happily playing among ink-mountains and the green rivers, with a water buffalo, some birds followed, and her smart flute... let us relax in the Chinese Ink-Landscape and listen to this little melody...(referenced partly from the writing in Wikimedia Commons page) [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 02:28, 27 May 2021 (UTC) ==== Zichen Tao - A little Chinese snowgirl's hardworking of D Major Sonatina==== '''Comment:''' D Major Sonatina is still piano Children's favorites to perform and show... taken to the national grade examination, daily performed with each other, and also to city's piano Competition &Exhibition. That's an educational case lasting for many years in Dalian. This edition is played by a lovely and white Chinese girl - Zichen, Tao. She and her mother took the very responsibility to check the wrong notes, improve the learning progress, and make the performing manners and designs for the stage-show... Therefore, in my view as her piano teacher, this edition is already great in her age...(though hand-running details need to improve for her age). Hopefully, her family can enjoy this piano experience, companying with this melody in her childhood. (Partly referenced from her Wikimedia Commons' page) [[File:D major Sonatina , Piano student Zichen Tao.ogg|thumb| D major Sonatina (Kuhlau's) played by piano pupil Zichen Tao]] ==== Meng's Performance and Comments after learning in the reality from Jason M. C.,Han in Children's Corner: ==== [[File:Children's corner of Meng.ogg|thumb| Meng Meng (nick name)'s edition of Doctorial in Children's Corner: Currently, the Fourth Version was her most beautiful one self-made in classroom before Piano Grade Test Exanimation. Regarding with all editions' comments and reasons, please reference to the original file in Wikimedia Commons]] [[File:MM Good classroom F major 1838 Grande valse brillante.ogg|thumb|MM Good classroom F major 1838 Grande valse brillante]] '''[[Portal: Part of Comments - 'for students' Examination Performance, Piano tutor's teaching self-reflexivity and possible some requirements of Pedalling Sound-effects with Artist Fashion of Post-impressionism' | Part of Comments - 'for students' Examination Performance, Piano tutor's teaching self-reflexivity and possible some requirements of Pedalling Sound-effects with Artist Fashion of Post-impressionism']]''' [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 04:15, 12 October 2018 (UTC) ==== Kim Hui's 'Doctoral Training','Under the sunshine' in Children's Corner: ==== '''Comments for Kim Hui's first draft:''' 1. She did the second theme (associated) well 'much deeper like vocally singing out a better life in New Era under the sunshine, on a piece of small area in a rainforest'... 2. Her Korean dance (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_dance) has been done well, in which I can hear traditional drum-points in bass-part and crossing hand to tremble part. 3. I can hear Time-travelling and space-shaking to the past through a 'Dark-cave', from..., minutes 1.30-1.40... But, I think: if 'dramatically' and 'significantly' in dynamics (loudness), it would be better to show... 4. I can hear Forest's Evensong in Coda part - 'dim.' to the silence of night and a 'rit.' slowing down to the sleeping dream, and even several night-birds' dreaming voices...But, please make a much gentler taste (not so hurry up and not so strong) of those pictures. Meanwhile, I hope you can get a better & coherent control of the rhythm among different sections. 5. I knew, regarding with 'peak-parts', she had made many attempts 'drumming beats rights and keeping those connections clear'. However, still, in minutes 1.04 and 1.59, I felt it's a little bit 'rough', and needed to be handled in of the solidification... Oh, maybe, I am so severe... sorry, I should give you the encouragement. Main comment: 'Under the sunshine' is suitable to Kim Hui's fashion and can be kept in her performance list. Her first draft and its preparation has given me an enjoyable teaching experience and many beautiful memories of life. It's fluent and vivid, expressive and dedicated. Thanks, Kim Hui! More colours and lights would be added from technique details, from her independent fingering and some traditional piano manners, meanwhile, the rhythm should be balanced well in the future. There are many developing zones of 'this painting' she can better and draw out for her future.[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 21:22, 17 October 2018 (UTC) ===== Kim Hui's second 'Show-Time' in classroom - Poem of Music (Piano Etude) ===== '''Teacher's Demonstration:''' [[File:Poem of music.ogg|thumb|Poem of music JMC, Han]] '''Student's Second Performance - Poem of Music: ''' [[File:Poem of Music (Piano Etude) - Student Kim Hui.ogg|thumb|Poem of Music (Piano Etude) - Student Kim Hui]] '''Comments for Kim Hui's first draft:''' 1. She has mainly got the technique-points, but a little bit of rough in some details, such as the minutes 0.30-0.31 - 'Tail-closing part' of a sentence - in the progression of 'Diminished Seventh Chord-Arpeggio'... However, as her first draft and the random collection from a normal classroom, I thought it's well-done. we can wish its further 'Developing Zone', in the view of piano education. 2. In 'Coda Part' of Poem of Music (Piano Etude), she was able to show a great controllability of the 'Legato' between two hands, as the pieces of falling leaves slowly flying-upon the surface of water. Sometimes, it was evenly better than mine. I hoped she could manage it in a better way. 3. She showed some thoughts of musicality... However, 'Techniques-points' still wasted much of her energy. I think the total Dynamics in physics will be improved soon. (waiting more) [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 14:53, 23 May 2019 (UTC) ===== Kim Hui can reach the advanced level of piano performance in this 'Little Children's Corner' ===== Though It's still Covid-19 Health-protection Time, after Home-self-Training Time, some classroom face-mask covering & health-good-protection lessons and an examination of China Culture&Tourism Ministry, She can play this 'Doctoral Etude' which is dreamed many piano pupils, with impressionism style. As her teacher, I didn't think It's a simple Etude which was expressed in many scenes, but with the big universe imagination and impression. Therefore, we have trained it as Meng's approach and further developed it. Indeed, I think she performed far greater than this edition, right in that online national examination. She got it, Congratulation! Let us listen to her ... [[File:Debussy-Children's Corner-Doctorial Etude, Piano pupil Jinghui Jin (Kim).ogg|thumb|Debussy-Children's Corner-Doctorial Etude, Piano pupil Jinghui Jin (Kim)]] ==== 'Colourful Clouds Running After Moon' impressed into the Heart of Xinyi, Hua (Hua family's Heart-sweet girl from 'Painting Imagery')==== '''Comments for the first draft of Xinyi, Hua:''' 1. I like her treatment of the prelude part in 'Colourful Clouds Running After Moon'. It's light and soft like silky clouds up-bridging alongside moonlight towards a round moon above the dark-blue sea. However, please try to link each silky pentatonic-arpeggio weave as a smooth whole from the bottom to the top, and from the left hand to the right hand. If so, her progress will be enlarged; 2. I can hear the situation 'Colourful Clouds Running After Moon' appeared in many linking parts before and later. She was attempting to give an acceleration imitating this procedure from a slower speed to a fast one, and between two hands' echo-following from a loose density to a tight one... However, if obviously, it will be better; 3. Like 0.58 to 1.03 minutes, I can hear that in some parts, she would like to make a returning sound-boomerang (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boomerang) up-rising 'to the moon' and down-landing upon the sea-surface. If a small time of middle reaction was canceled out by her proficiency, we will appreciate the musical beauty in a much more advanced situation; 4. In 1.22 to 1.30 minutes, I know she would like to make a silky veil, with the colourful clouds as material, upon moon's beautiful face by her right hand. It's a little bit of pity that the controlling ability of relative loudness made she carried this willing but harder to realize. Meanwhile, this veil needed to be smooth. Oh, sorry, I am so critical... indeed, she did not bad; 5. There is a hard hurt in 1.36 minute - it's still a repetition of bass-chord though she has already attempted her best to grasp the bass large chord through left hand's opening degrees (Little girl, I knew you had tried your best. Though the momentum was great, I still need to point it out.); 6. 2.12 - 2.40 minutes is the part - 'Bright Moon up-rising above the harvest sea'. This is a grand scene which needs great forces from students' forearms and a fast reactions for some flexible connections to arpeggio-parts... Congratulations, little girl, she have got it, though it's a little bit slower. She have given out a great momentum; 7. In the Moon-tail part, she has expressed her great musicality to make moon disappear in the dawn of sea; 8. Many ornamentations she has done well, though still some need to be gently breezing in the impressionism of Chinese landscape painting. [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 12:22, 24 October 2018 (UTC) ===== 'Pure White Dove' in Young Teenager Xinyi's Eyes ===== [[File:Dove in the eyes of Young Teenager girl Xinyi, Hua.ogg|thumb|'Pure White Dove' ('La Paloma' - 'No More' in English) in the eyes of Young Teenager girl Xinyi, Hua]] '''Congratulation to your beautifully singing of the 'Melodic lines' behind the right hand's octaves-grasping!''' '''Comments:''' 1. Four biggest designs appeared: around B50 (Minutes 1.36), B55 (Minutes 1.48), B58 (Minutes 1.54) and B62 (Minutes 2.01) - four Peak-currents, we'd like to throw (rit.) the 'missing notes' into the air and rotate them a little bit more slowly - like to send, wait and feel Dove's messages across the ocean in a self-holding & self-releasing intoxication. She tried her best to make them out, but not quite clearly and still need much time to grow up... 2. I liked her coda part (from B65 Minutes 2.08 to the end): She was so sure about two hands' March-doubling, as a confirmation of future and belief; or to say, she transformed her 'missing' in the melody to be a true hope of tomorrow, or someday... Evenly, I thought it's better than mine... 3. For more than half years, we have worked hard to help her link all octave-grasping pearls out of melodic lines in singing breaths. She almost got it successfully, through small breaks... 4. Some 'Spanish Dotted notes' and 'Triples-wandering', with the rhythm of Spanish Dance Habanera-Andante (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contradanza) can be fulfilled, but some not really... I am happy she recognized them and paid more attentions to... It's waiting time that she could perform much better. 5. Yes, I had to say: still some small faults there... The good usage of pedalling almost hide some, but... also a little bit rough... Oh, I didn't want to be a so severe teacher. Rather than, much more good wishes of her growth should be given. Okay, hopefully, she enjoyed it. [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 12:57, 4 April 2019 (UTC) '''Teacher's Demonstration for standards above and Further Progress (Advanced Level):''' [[File:Dove With Spanish Sense in Piano JMC.Han.ogg|thumb|Dove With Spanish Sense in Piano JMC.Han (It was once used by the photography gallery of music friend User:PigeonIP - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:PigeonIP/Tauben/2019_April_1-10 and the main page La Paloma in wikipedia )]] '''More information and reading - articles (list) about 'Dove', please watch:''' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Paloma ==== Malagueña Dream from a little Chinese girl - Yinuo's heart (A promise ... to piano) in a small beach-side classroom ==== [[File:Student edition - Malagueña Suite (modified for piano) played by Yinuo, Liu.ogg|thumb|Student edition - Malagueña Suite (modified for piano) played by Yinuo, Liu]] '''Comments for the first draft of Yinuo, Liu:''' 1. We can hear the impression of Flamenco rhythmic pattern (Compás) (Wikipedia introduction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamenco) diffusing from some simple rhythm-components of a parts in a total ABA structure of Malagueña Suite. This is what I - the tutor and the little girl -learner would like to express through three more different accompaniment bass-forms, including pizzicatos, small slurring breathes and some opposite weights..., which imitated some of Classical Guitar's handling ways. Thanks to the little girl Yinuo, you have realized most of our designs! Congratulations! 2. I really like her beautiful Cante jondo - associated 'vocal' lines by right hand which was balanced & flying above the flamenco accompaniment of the left hand when the second thematic melody began. It's a deep, profound and emotions-rich singing, almost from a beautiful Spanish girl's natural expression for the missing, the reasoning of life & Universe when facing a 'deep and far' sea. Though if the dynamics would be dramatically and the singing would be much deeper, the emotional atmosphere would be better: I thought to only a girl of her 11 years' old age, she has already attempted her best to understand those across cultures; 3. I like the middle B's fantastical view of holiday beach under the sunshine, which was almost formed by white waves from blue sea. It's relaxable, dreamful and graceful, like a girl poet's walk alongside a small sand bay... (Yinuo, you knew, if you can make the 'rit. - A Tempo' much more nature like the real tides of sea and the speed tiny faster, the progress zone will be enlarged); 4. I know in two middle long 'vocal' ornaments, she would like to show us ' the blackbirds or the nightingales of its gardens...' However, if making it much more smoothly, expressively, and flexibly, even a little bit down-slowed, her Spanish 'tasteful' fashion will be more beautiful; 5. Repeated A part is better to be different in small details which can show the ability of hands and the variation of music. [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 13:35, 24 October 2018 (UTC) ==== Für Elise in piano boy Zhe's eyes ==== '''Teacher's demonstration in classroom for better:'''[[File:For Elise (Für Elise) Beethoven JMC Han.ogg|thumb|For Elise (Für Elise) Beethoven JMC Han]] '''Student's performance in classroom:''' [[File:Für Elise -Student Performance Zhe,Zhang.ogg|thumb|Für Elise in piano boy Zhe's eyes]] ==== D major Sonatina (Kuhlau) - Piano-pupil girl Mengshuang's 'Strong Willpower and Persistence' ==== '''Teacher's demonstration in classroom for better:''' [[File:D major sonatina 2nd movement Kuhlau (played by Jason).ogg|thumb|D major sonatina 2nd movement Kuhlau - Teacher JMC. Han]] '''Student's performance in classroom:''' [[File:D major Sonatina (Kuhlau) - the version from piano-student Meng Shuang, Wang.ogg|thumb|D major Sonatina (Kuhlau) - the version from piano-student Meng Shuang, Wang. This classroom version has been selected by https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Rsteen/Artists_from_Denmark/2019_August_1-10]] '''Comments and Statements:''' 1. Totally to say, the main melody fast-run by the right hand has kept its fluency, transparency and clearance. It's very hard in piano training for herself, owe to that her hands-shape was a little bit of 'frozen'. Thanks for your hard-working in the training. Congratulation! 2. Her musicality in this melody has also been motivated out - unrestrained and natural in the expression. 3. Left hand's accompaniment was in good triplet-treatment, but please light and dedicate a little bit... It's to say: the controllability still needs to improve. 4. Some heads of sentences and smaller phrases need to be match together between two hands in a better way - some parts, because of small ornamentations and dotted notes, weren't quite well... 5. I am very happy that you (in your 12th year of life) were willing to play out the middle 'rit. - A Tempo' in a comparison ('rit.' was slowing down the waiting, then, 'A Tempo' for the Peak expression in return). However, it was still a little bit rough (before its right time). You can try to modify it in a better view. [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 03:08, 2 August 2019 (UTC) ==== How to play Mozart's Classics? ==== ===== Work from Mozart's earlier time - Turkish March ===== '''Teacher's Demonstration in classroom:''' '''Video:''' [[File:Turkey March Video-Mozart-Jason Han.webm|thumb|Turkish March (Video) for Mozart's; JMC, Han]] '''Sound:''' [[File:Turkey March for Mozart and Memory JMC, Han.ogg|thumb|Turkish March (Sound) for Mozart's and Memory (many times used in peer Tokfo/Vienna Gallery - such as https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Tokfo/Vienna/2019_January_26-28 ); JMC, Han]] ==== Sure, Ma's boy-view of Mozart's 'Turkish March' ==== [[File:Sure, Ma's Version of 'Turkish March' in piano classroom for piano education.ogg|thumb|'Turkish March' - an old mysterious Turkey story in piano student (Jason's piano pupil) boy Sure, Ma's classroom edition. Thanks, this good teaching & Learning result was selected by Tokfo/Vienna Gallery: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Tokfo/Vienna/2019_April_25-27 ]] '''Further Comments for his first draft:''' 1. It's very difficult for a young boy to manage Turkish March's speed in a smooth way... He tried his best to keep it stable and unified, and almost did achieve it. (Turkish March is easily to make people play faster and faster until crazily broken. He tried to solve it by giving a slower beginning ) But, it's a little bit of too serious,afraid to touch wrong. Indeed, I heard his another time, in which he totally open himself and relax from nature... We could give him more hopes. 2. His melodic flow of scale-phrases (legato) are quite fluent and natural, which shows his scale-playing and fingering were quite great. But, a small break occurred around 1.14 to 1.17 minutes could be caused by the stiff right wrist (too tried) and no-good fingering design. He should frequently move second and third fingers in a much smarter way. To a young boy in his age, it should already be 'okay'. 3. When the theme occurred in the second time, it's better to give a dynamics-difference in contrast. My mother-Ms Song said: it's like an old story (sound) heard from a far distance to near somewhere - mysteriously. However, he gave a very tight connection, as if it was linked with the previous section. 4. He tried his best to take the Worldwide difficult challenge - 'Broken-chordal Arpeggiated-octaves' (Around 2.00 to 2.14 minutes). I gave him a 'LIKE' that he had taken this challenge which even many pianists or teachers made some 'faults' as their heart pities - You can hear the edition of Romuald Greiss' in Wikipedia and several my previous times... However, this boy achieved it after many trainings time after time... Though later half one, compared with the beginning, might be in lower distinguishing degree, he didn't make any 'breaks', which comforted my teaching way so much. Thanks, boy Sure! 5. The final problem would occur in 'Alberti Bass' (left hand) of Coda part. Coming to it, you will feel easy to give up, which required more endeavors to control your hands in narrow and elaborate dealing way. He did it good, but lost in the counting of number (B111), and further, the connection with the final 'Square-opening Dance' (a small break). other things, such as the strength, are fine in his age. 6. In addition, I am planning to add a 'Turkish Stop' by a final pedaling. I didn't know whether he could, someday. Overall, I gave him an Excellent Comment. Hopefully, he will play better after better in his growth. [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 14:13, 8 March 2019 (UTC) '''Further Comments for his second draft:''' 1. As his teacher, I am very happy to hear several great designs we have made in classrooms can be achieved in the second draft, according to the background knowledge of 'Turkey March' I taught, such as the final 'Turkey Stop' (not really in modern piano, but a little bit similar) and the Bass-points-layer (simulating the military drum) beneath the long fast running scale-phrases of right hand (middle section)... Cool boy, thanks that you can remember your teacher's words! Congratulation! 2. Yes, right after the chance of Music library Report-performance in local we have made and getting back, you improved the edition's speed and fluency. You can evenly save 15 seconds, contrasted with before, which showed that your fingering & running ability of hands had been greatly improved. However, the disadvantage is that it's easier to make some small motives uneven and rough (touching wrong notes) without purpose, which needs more your careful attention and exactness about details. 3. I knew you tried your best to face the peak challenge Mozart made to all people - making broken-progression of octaves message (middle part) and hearing out its hidden melodic lines. Great! However, it's still a little bit beyond your ability that its distinction with chords-effect weren't so clear. No matter, Sure boy, more exercises, it will be better. In all, progressing soon which shows the potential, thanks to your performances1 There is still the developing zone waiting for you. [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 15:08, 25 April 2019 (UTC) ==== Clever Girl Jia Xin's Clever view of Sir Bach's 3-parts Invention ==== '''Teacher's Demonstration for Future Development:''' [[File:3 Parts Invention 8th- from Sir Bach.ogg|thumb|3 Parts Invention 8th- from Sir Bach's BWV 794 – Sinfonia No. 8 in F major ]] ''' Jia Xin's Performance:''' [[File:3-parts Invention No. 8 (F major) in piano-girl Jia Xin's view.ogg|thumb|3-parts Invention No. 8 (F major) in piano-girl Jia Xin's view]] '''Comments of her first draft:''' 1. Totally, 3 parts are ranged in Bach's harmony, to a girl in her age - 12 years old. It's not easier to make so clear layers out. I was satisfied with this point, after heard every time; 2. I can hear piano techniques for polyphonic & counterpoint music like Bach's, such as cannon, intimation between two hands, up-climbing shoulder by shoulder, dialogues, long-notes down-pressed for different parts' SHE (sentence-head-enhancement), long-notes kept for parts' division and maintaining, fingering grouping in one hand for 2 parts, parts' continuously melting into one for the summarization, and..., Baroque ornamentation... mentioned for long. For those trainings, and further, the internalization into her own mind-analysis, we had searched information & knowledge through Wikipedia, two more manuscripts, books and other webs online, further, spent classroom time to reason, analyse, train and fix note by note for long time... In this case, I gave her hard-working a 'Like' again; 3. There would also be some problems regarding with recording pressure and her memory...: some big ones - left hand's relatively weak ability in managing two parts, small mistakes (like B18's f note played as sharp f - around 1.13 minute, B21's final g isn't raised there - around 1.23-1.24 minutes, and others...), small ornaments in a little bit of rough view and a much more graceful manner in Coda part. (sorry, to such a 12 years old girl, my suggestions could be so severe. But when listening, they are directly in my ears...) 4. She did really pay her attention to Dynamics, but please better - lighter, smarter and more obviously... 5. The speed of later part is better than the slower earlier part. Overall, I also gave her an excellent comment for her performance (Live) in classroom. For further development, she can listen to my edition and the one in 'Inventions and Sinfonias (Bach)' - Wikipedia article (I thought it's great, but I didn't like too many speed-variations in Bach's works. It's better more reasonable: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventions_and_Sinfonias_(Bach) ) [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 07:33, 9 March 2019 (UTC) ==== Yixuan's piano-view and traveling landscapes ==== '''First view (only 9 years old) of Sir Bach's 2-parts Inventions''' [[File:Bach 2-parts Invention, played by Yixuan Wang (Only 9 years old).ogg|thumb|Bach 2-parts Invention, played by Yixuan Wang (Only 9 years old)]] '''Comments from teacher:''' 1. Musical parts and space-dimensions were much clearer than before, which reflected the little girl Yixuan's hard-working continuously after her piano examination... 2. I can hear the heads of musical sentences which were highlighted by each hand when required. I can also hear cannon-following, doubling and countermelody which were clearly shown into her performance. It's quite necessary for students in this age - 9 years old. In certain degree, she is already a good and careful student in piano. 3. Still, the controllability and the stability of hands, especially the turn of her 3rd, 4th and 5th fingers, need to be improved, which caused some small faults, such as 0.49-0.50 minutes (Bar 22) - a recovered B in right 3rd finger, 0.54-0.55 minutes (Bar 25) - 3rd, 4th & 5th fingers of left hand, and a small disharmonic note - flatten B in the right hand - 0.32 (Bar 14)... 4. It's great that I can hear Baroque staccatos were in their graceful manners - like imperfect pearls required by its era. She almost did it... 5. Totally saying: it must be a very hard-job for a student in 9 years old to play Bach's 2-parts Invention. She bravely took up this life-task and successfully completed - this point should be affirmed. Congratulation! You can do more further... [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 02:28, 6 September 2019 (UTC) '''MARIAGE D'AMOUR (Dreaming Wedding Ceremony) and its Educational Story:''' It's only no more than 2 weeks she did get the main techniques, after taking a Covid-19 Protection piano lesson and further test(Face-mask covering and breathe-prevention…).Then, she went back home and made a hard self-working exercise. Afterwards, around 10 days, this edition can come out. Why was she so keen on making it? She told me... One of her family's friends would like a piece of background music for his wedding ceremony, and they knew she was a good piano pupil.They invited her to take this task. She online self found out her long dreaming piece, and felt very happy for them. She thought only hard-working at home can realize this dream in this 'Hard Recovery Time'. She has beautifully taken this life-task for a very short time, and finally I could find a beautiful smile on her face... Though there were still some small faults in teacher's view, such as the biggest 1.02-1.03... ('''Problems:''' Mentioned one is because of the distance of the Tenth-grasping is out of her hand-shape and ability in this age - rolling but touching a wrong note; In addition, the breathing of each sentence's tail somehow is with a longer responded break... Further, the Pedaling for the coherence from natural breathing need to improve; The final departing dropping notes were too noisy... which needs to be quiet,rit. and peaceful...), her hands' ability (especially the big chords-grasping, whole-viewing, locating, and sight-reading) was improved by her own endeavors (Maybe... subjects-divided examination-taking online through self-video-recording,in this special time, motivated her self-management...). This point made me feel happy... Hopefully, the friend of her family enjoyed their wedding ceremony with this own and LIVE background music, luckily as in a fantastic, peaceful and forever-lasting life-dream of happiness. In future, Hoping: Yixuan, you can play this fantastic wedding song of piano (fluently and heart-touchingly) for more families and share their friendship, love and happiness... Little girl pupil, thank you!^_^ [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 01:55, 24 September 2020 (UTC) [[File:CCzerny 299 Etude No. 27, Piano student Yixuan Wang, Tutor Jason Han.oggzerny 299 Etude No. 27, Piano student Yixuan Wang, Tutor Jason Han.ogg|thumb| Czerny 299 Etude No. 27, Piano student Yixuan Wang, Tutor Jason Han.ogg]] I have taught two children this Etude-a girl and also a boy (with outcomes). They played all well in very different musicalities. One is like a fast gym meeting 299's standards. The other-hers is with a good sound effect -light and peaceful after her grade examination. Both I all like. Regarding with how to train this sound effect with pedal, Please see my etudes'platform: https://en.m.wikiversity.org/wiki/Portal:Piano_Etudes_as_Poems '''G major Sonata L.349 - Yixuan Wang's New Attempt of Italian Baroque Style of A. Scarlatti''' A. Scarlatti's Sonatas are quite hard for young students and young teenagers to train and perform.However, Yixuan is fine, I thought. It needs a very fast & light fingering of Scale & Arpeggios and different STACCATOing keyboard-touching way, meanwhile, the exaggerating fluency of simple patterns... I thought she somehow had touched at her own little age. Just, more from nature, more details-care and the flexibility of hands&body could make things better. At her age, it's already fine.Thanks to the recent striving in this still hard time of COVID-19 Recovery. [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 02:31, 20 August 2021 (UTC) [[File:G major Sonata L.349, Piano Pupil Yixuan, Wang.ogg|thumb|A, Scarlatti L.349 Sonata, Piano-pupil Yixuan, Wang]] It's very hard to train Scarlatti's Italian Style of technique skills... However, Yixuan, Wang has never given up... during this COVID-19 Time...-Protecting herself with masks, meanwhile, playing times after times... Finally, we can get some senses of fast, airily,lightly and breezily... Yes, there may also be some problems, like- it's very easy to be stressful and breathless on the stage...But to her age, do you think it's already good... Therefore, I recorded it in a video and published it on a musical platform -Kugou, and a educational platform - Youku, as to remember her growth: http://m.kugou.com/mv/?hash=f00b36624f27b091b79e3f30e158aa03&sruserid=640650901 ====Piano Pupil Mo Zhou's Smart Growth and Hard-working learning of Techniques ==== The video of Mo Zhou's most beautiful performance of Debussy's work- 2re Arabesque (I call it 'Butterfly's Dream') : Kugou musical platform - http://m.kugou.com/mv/?hash=547cb2c1e2f57a9e8ec66e8ecf36c269&sruserid=640650901 Youku educational part - http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTgxNzA2Njk2MA==.html?x&sharefrom=android&sharekey=9631de9a76de1af3d601221019590cd26 (Published on the musical platform of Kugou and the educational part of Youku; the classroom volunteering photographer is Ms. Yang Gao) '''Piano Pupil Mo, Zhou's Violin simulation of Cremer's Etude's Art''' Catching the hands' positions (somehow borrowed from voilin's) is almost the hardest point to train.One focuses on left hand's Notes-Slipping; the other regards with the interval Position-switching (2 notes) check of right hand frequently. Though this little girl has a pair of smart&slim hands, she attempted her best. You can hear the most part's effect LIVE in classroom... In this point, I gave a 'LIKE'. [[File:Cramer Etude, Performed by Piano Pupil Mo, Zou.ogg|thumb|Cramer Etude, Performed by Piano Pupil Mo, Zhou]] '''A, Scarlatti L.349 Sonata - A Italian Style Taste of Baroque Music''' ''Comments:'' Mo,Zhou's hands are very smart, regarding with which some very tiny actions she can take, though they aren't quite big. Yes, she has been always willing to enlarge her hands. This point, but somehow, associate her to take this Italian Baroque Style (Rocca) quite easy. Yes, I thought she was fine regarding with much more details.(though it's LIVE that very few unexpected faults could be caused by the stress of the recording). I thought: to her performance, my teaching is working well. She did many requirements... Let us listen to her.[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 03:25, 20 August 2021 (UTC) [[File:G major Sonata L.349, Piano pupil Mo, Zhou.ogg|thumb|File:G major Sonata L.349, Piano pupil Mo, Zhou.ogg]] ==== Brilliant Snow-ball boy (Yu) of Zhang family is praying for his father working in New Zealand ==== [[File:Pupil Yu,Zhang's edition - e minor sonata of Sir Haydn.ogg|thumb|E minor sonata of Sir Haydn was played by Piano student Yu, Zhang in classroom]] '''(Waiting better)''' Could you understand how hard Sir Haydn's & Mozart's mature sonata-structuralism and Classical Countermelody (from String Quartet: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart) were for the training of such a young boy or some students around this aget? Oh, looking back, I, myself, also did feel hard... However, this boy and another older piano sister did really insist on doing so. Today, they can give their own editions - very different with own personalities and natures. Another point I would like to say: It's only one week's time that this boy was fighting for 'a good hearing' of his father. Afterwards, a modified recording edition soon got out, which showed his proficiency and quality...Good boy! To be honest, reviewing the past year, in order to train Sir Haydn's melody, we researched many ways together, including mathematics... Sometimes, evenly felt hopeless... Playing from childhood, Haydn's style is quite simple to me - models, switching, sonata structure..., but to students, they didn't quite like the sense of thinking being structured... And at the very beginning, I even didn't understand why they felt difficult... Recognizing something, We began to make many games, and evenly counting out some scores for the achievement of his 'fried chicken legs'... Here, from rhythm to notation, and from melodic interaction to parts-division, I felt it's much clearer, more fluent and stable, than before... His ability of coordination has also been improved, though still some problems. I dared and felt confidential to say: it's a great edition of himself. Hopefully, he can progress further. [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 16:08, 4 April 2019 (UTC) Now, he made it much more fluent and accurate, and also played out his own fashion, though some details still need to be modified. Honestly to say, I thought somehow he got his progress in this period which we can hear...[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 03:28, 2 August 2019 (UTC) '''Comments''' It's the second time of piano boy Yu Zhang's teaching result show. In this time, he chose the melody <Under the Sunshine> - a Chinese fork teaching melody as one subject of national examination and also a performance of one piano competition in Dalian. In my view as his teacher, he gave a very different view of this melody, compared with girls'. He paid more attentions to the whole view of melody's energy, strength, fluency and the joyfulness in Under the Sunshine, but didn't too much care about the details of some parts. However, on the stage, it showed a very great expression as from boy's situation... Good luck and happy experiment. After some practices, in the classroom we together recorded it and submit it up... (Referenced Partly from his page in Wikimedia Commons) ==== How to play Chinese Folk tune - 'Kids' Dance' with Chinese kids' fashion? Listen to little girl Kunlu's performance ==== '''Teacher's Demonstration in classroom:''' [[File:Kid's Dance Chinese Folk Piano Player Jason M. C.,Han.ogg|thumb|Kid's Dance - 'Kid's Dance', from a folk piano-tune in China National Grading Book, was personally performed here, as a gift for all piano-kids' 'Happy 2019 Lucky Pig Year']] '''Student Kunlu's Performance in classroom:''' [[File:Kid's Dance (Chinese) - Student Kunlu, Han.ogg|thumb|Student Kunlu, Han's (Han family's girl born as bright as dewdrop in Kun - Saturn of Wuxing) good performance of Kid's Dance (Chinese)]] '''Teacher's Comments:''' Totally to say: Though She can play better editions (many better ones, last winter), in this sound file, she showed the coherence, fluency, flexibility and stability ( as Chinese fork-tune required). Hearing such a smart Chinese girl playing such a fugue-cannoning song, you will feel: it's a right song designing for a right girl... I think that's one meaning of piano-performance. Though spending much time, We did also research special 'Chinese supplemental positions & Dialogues' in polyphony together, which gave us many beautiful memories... Further more, in this age, her staccatos, slurs and Tenuto have been performed quite well, which helped her to keep a unified speed to the end. Taking back a step, there must still be some small faults in classroom (without purposes) that I have to point out: such as B18's #C blowing to D a little bit, the attention didn't get back in B41 head A which made a small break, and a small mistake of 'Recovered C' rather than #C... In order to dream of its accuracy and pentatonic harmony, it's a hard-working that we have already come over many problems and mistakes... Therefore, I think she fulfilled herself and achieved many things from 'Kid's Dance'. Hopefully, she enjoys the procedure of music-carving. [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 15:07, 4 April 2019 (UTC) ===== Kunlu's Crystal Heart on International Children's Day - Kleine Kinder Kleine Sorgen (Little Child) ===== '''Teacher's Comments:''' 1. The degrees of proficiency, fluency (and internal speed) have been improved, right on International Children's Day. 2. I preferred her treble part very much - so cool, pure, clean and refreshing, which reflected her crystal heart in childhood. 3. The grasping of big chords - stronger, that's great - but needs to be more accurately and deep (The word 'deep' wasn't always 'loud' and 'heavy'). Please try to understand this point. Yes, it needs to show the hardness of growth (to young teenager), but also the achievement 'to be stronger and more confident of yourself...' [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 03:32, 28 June 2019 (UTC) [[File:Internationl Children&#039;s Day Gifts - 2. Kleine Kinder Kleine Sorgen (Little Child, Piano-modification of Germany Song).ogg|thumb| Kleine Kinder Kleine Sorgen (Little Child, Piano-modification of Germany Song), played by Kunlu, Han]] ==== Teacher's Shares of his own home-works from childhood (Open) - Jason, Han==== ====='''M. Moszkowsky Etude (Op.72 No.5) - "C major's Fluency, Clarification, Sunshine and Love'''===== New Beginning with...: M. Moszkowsky Etude (Op.72 No.5) played by Jixun Han (Jason) for piano teaching. It's long time that my piano classroom on the cloud in wikiversity hasn't update its situation. After so many things, now I can partly return to English writing world. The first Etude I would like to upload is still MM Edute which gave me so fluent and clean mind in my childhood. Oh, 38 years old, and after a wedding ceremony with my real lover, my fingers would not be so great as around 15s'... However, I would like to update its situation and new editions untill great someday. Now, let's began with this new melody. It's taught to my good Chinese boy pupil named Guoguo (fruit zeyu, Cui) when I grasped up and recorded. Yes, this little boy will also play well. Let's listen to my version, firstly. Thanks Jason M. C., Han (talk) 13:26, 20 November 2024 (UTC) More information, please see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Moritz_Moszkowski Homework Requirements (challenges): 1. B23-B24(B stands for Musical Bar): By right hand, heads of every 4-notes group make a down-going semi-notes scale, which needs a very careful&exact arpegio-fingering with a whole—palm holded and also thumb-measuring ability. Meanwhile, the left hand is making a whole-tenth measure, but arranged upon every two chords' link. The semi-notes scale is also its fixed channel accordingly. This point is very different to follow and be made accurately and perfectly, which needs long-time training. 2. B49-50 It's almost a two-hands doubling for playing arpeggio-phrase.But not really! You can watch the second phrase- fingering! Your left hand need a smallish shape. Meanwhile, the little finger's head of last phrase need to jump out a minor third distance down. It's very hard to control and also not a doubling. (Hard for playing, but good for sounding, if out. Therefore, dears, have a try like mine...) Yours little uncle Han [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 14:15, 25 November 2024 (UTC) [[File:M. Moszkowsky Etude (Op.72 No.5) played by Jixun Han (Jason) for piano teaching.wav|thumb|M. Moszkowsky Etude (Op.72 No.5) played by Jixun Han (Jason) for piano teaching]] ===== '''Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata''' ===== Indeed, Beethoven left a historical challenge (difficulty) but the continuously creative inspiration to understand the techniques & musicality of all his movements, equally to all people. We can attempt different approaches and own personal life-experiences to understand them, and discuss out some possible results. [[File:Moonlight Sonata - 3rd Movement of Sharp c minor Sonata Beethoven.ogg|thumb|Moonlight Sonata - 3rd Movement of Sharp c minor Sonata after a library presentation of Beethoven (Further, thanks to the April-collections of Tokfo Gallery (Vienna: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Tokfo/Vienna/2019_April_28-30) and Sir James Gallery (Bonn:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Sir_James/Bonn/2019_April_29) - great encouragements!)]] '''3rd Movement- 'Moonlights Storming' - Techniques Analysis from Notation-reading ('Presto agitato' of Breitkopf & Hartel Company and Berlin Arts Collage also compared with Old New York Edition - as the remembrance of one monitor):''' '''Musicality:''' In a grandly general view, it's like...in a crazily running (very fast) race, viewed from the window, moonlights have been dismembered upon deep Lake Lucerne (many fragmental sections composed together). [[File:Vienna Beethoven Monument (with angels and children surrounding).jpg|thumb| Beethoven's Monument in Vienna]] [[File:Beside Beethoven's Musicality.jpg|thumb| A third-person's Watching of Beethoven's Musicality]] For its musicality cultivation, I could give a similar sense of its situation, like in Picasso's works- such as Picasso's Guernica (Ceridwen's Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license) For achieving it, a little bit of dark-moods anger and sadness faced from the unfairness and out of control could be inputted, after all technique points were trained in the dexterity. Therefore, from emotion to say, I thought the video right after getting back from UK and the lost one in Newcastle central station were better than this time. [[File:3rd movement of Sonata &#039;Moonlight&#039; Rocking Video JMC, Han (Jason).webm|thumb|3rd movement of moonlight sonata; Rocking Video JMC, Han (Jason)]] However, I satisfied with it, right like in life and after the presentation. From this point, we can see: Beethoven, as a piano master, has super-reached too much before the time - even abstractionism and postmodernism (deconstructionism). '''2nd Movement - 'a little Fantasy Moonflower blooming between two rocky layers' - Techniques Analysis from Notation-reading (Allegretto of Breitkopf & Hartel Company and Berlin Arts Collage):''' 1. Parts-distinguishing way can be applied to pick up the main melodic points from its background and legato them into lines. '''( Notice: Here, from the historical observation, a thing needs to be clarified: Baroque-regression (back-reasoning) was usually made by classical composers (in Vienna school: Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven etc.), especially in their later years of life for calming down the dramatical emotions, and keeping Life's Reasonability. Meanwhile, from Haydn, they discussed and created classical counterpoints from symphony and string quartet together, to modify creative inspirations. Beethoven also inherited it. Therefore, when we play some in piano, we need to analyse and apply some special techniques, commonly used in classical polyphony, to pick up the main from the background, sentence by sentence, as an era-responding.)[[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 03:38, 15 May 2019 (UTC)''' 2. Octaves-bridging and chords-connections for big hands, into their hidden melodies, are the most difficulties, which need your frequent exercises, sentence by sentence. (Painful but worthful! Finally, flexible and skillful... ) 3. Long keeping-notes, in certain parts, are important for the continuity of the tune and the texture, without broken. 4. It's better in light and tender keyboard-touching way to make melodic lines clear and 'the little flower' smile lightly. 5. 'Rondo' (ABA) formation can be applied to understand its repetitions, responding and structure. [[File:Moonlight Sonata (Sharp c minor Sonata) 2nd Movement Beethoven JMC,Han.ogg|thumb|Moonlight Sonata - a little fantasy flower between two rocky layers]][[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 14:51, 14 May 2019 (UTC) ===== Blue Danube is always flowing from heart and life, with the vitality as spring: ===== Children and young teenagers, let us swim in this life-long river, to see some beautiful landscapes! [[File:Blue Denube in my heart.jpg|thumb|Blue Denube in my heart]] [[File:Blue Danube (Exercise and variations-collections in piano) JMC, Han.ogg|thumb|Blue Danube (Exercise and variations-collections in piano) JMC, Han]] ===== Pachelbel's Canon is always the canon (polyphonic technique) since Baroque Era, but in '''Modern Piano's Pop Variations''' ===== [[File:Pachelbel&#039;s Canon in Pop Variations (Geoge Winston Notation) Player Jason, Han.ogg|thumb| Pachelbel's Canon in Pop Variations (George Winston Notation) Player Jason, Han]] '''Story of teaching & learning (from Wikimedia Commons):''' Regarding with this piano melody, there is a long story in my heart... Oh, did you hear Mag-pie's singing (I like 'pie' in the tail of this word) in the first draft? Yes, it was attracted and landing on the tree outside my balcony... You can clearly hear it at the beginning and in the tail in my first draft... Almost, it would like to share my memory... Long long ago, my old brother on my mother's side used to be one hero of my life and fashion... On each holiday, he was always able to find great music pieces, MTVs, transcripts , and scientific fictions, from foreign countries, such as American and Japan (Summer)... and brought & shared with me... Then, I attempted my best to exercise them into the reality, which included this song - Canon Variations from pianist George Winston... Those memories have never faded out, but in my deep sea. To now, evenly did I think Canon was from US and a POP song... After seeking the exact information in Wikipedia, I found it's Pachelbel's Canon in D and Baroque Era and German, rather than C and Modern and Pop in American... and with a 'Gigue for Violins and Basso Continuo', it's not only for piano in many parts than our 3 parts in original piano edition. However either, I still like it very much and would like call it American POP in my music world... Then after, a male colleague in my working college said to me: Jason, on my wedding ceremony, I would like to play it for a girl... Could you give me a simple one? Then, searching online, I found a simple (middle level) notation and an original (advanced level) notation, I downloaded both, and chose the simple one for him Three months, he was able to play it from 0 level (he wasn't able to read the notation)... I thought piano would have give him a good memory of wedding... Following, I found a girl felt bored about her piano examination... Then, by choosing the simple transcript and inserting into her lessons... it made my tutoring classrooms really beautiful, relaxable, magical and peaceful... Now, I have time to play the original edition out... One long dream of my heart is going to be fullfilled... Though my hands in several points didn't make my perfectionism satisfied contrasted with before, especially the tenth-cross design between the left hand and the right hand, I knew it's my life, and fate?... I prefered to update its situations for bettering continuously... if having time... Compared with the firstly draft, I thought the second was much down-calmed and peaceful...Somehow, I preferred the first draft, but a little bit of 'fast'... I cannot make the decision...then, kept two. However either, I still felt very happy the little natural friend - mag-pie can join... For this reason, I kept it. Hopefully, you will enjoy... [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 04:50, 16 September 2019 (UTC) ===== KV.265 12 Variations on Ah vous dirai-je, Maman - 'Twinkle Twinkle Little Star' ===== Analysis (Waiting) [[File:KV.265 12 Variations on Ah vous dirai-je, Maman Mozart JMC, Han.ogg|thumb|KV.265 12 Variations on Ah vous dirai-je, Maman Mozart JMC, Han]] [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 08:43, 7 October 2019 (UTC) =====''' 'The beautiful views of Scotti-highlands' from Thompson's Book (Advanced Level) - Teaching and demonstration '''===== [[File:The beautiful views of Scotti-highlands (Teaching demonstration - video; Jason, Han).webm|thumb| After the performance in local Crossing-year 2019-2020 Library Concert and many further exercises, a good edition in classroom got out - Piano kids, always, you knew: No pains, No gains]] For its musicality and academic thoughts, please visit Wikiverty's Portal of Piano education(The Section: The beautiful views of Scotti-highlands' in a Far-land Home (Academic thoughts, musicality, literature-writing and case-realization)): *[[Portal:Green Sleeves (Impressionist Visualization)]] *[[Portal: Sir J.S.BACH and His contributions to Piano Kids' Reasonable Life]] [[File:C minor Prelude Bach (BWV847), Performer JMC, Han.wav|thumb|C minor Prelude Bach (BWV847)]] ==== 'Swan's Dream Upon the lake' - Little Girl 'Wenxin's' (Brilliant & Sweet literatures in arts ) Performance==== '''Teacher's Demonstration:''' [[File:The Dying Swan - black angel JMC Han.ogg|thumb| Musicality from watching 'The Dying Swan - the black angel', performed by JMC Han]] '''Wenxin's Performance:''' 1. Techniques-recovery: The Arpeggio-training of left hand in the accompaniment was the biggest challenge to not only a piano-child at her age - no more than 12 (In Chinese culture, Kid's first year was in mother's womb. Thereby, I asked her - how old are you, and she gave the number '13'...), to me and evenly some expertise pianists. (Camille Saint-Saëns's 'The Swan' on wikipedia or other social editions). The arpeggio-accompaniment is travelling in rich variations of tunes, which caused left hand much harder to expand, shrink and positions-change. Therefore, it spent us more than half a year to train and recover her hand's dexterity from a small failure of her piano life in the Grade Test, just like 'Princess Swan's' experience. Now, totally to say, she got an excellent situation in which children at her age can perform. Thanks to your hard-working! 2. Musicality-cultivation: Usually, she showed a very great musicality in the first page - to the minute (Approximately 1.05) - tender, expending, lyrical and expressive... However, it's really a hardness to keep it throughout the second section - a shading & wandering heart-road in the growth. The attention has to be paid too much on the exactness of left hand's arpeggio-travelling. With a pity, still, some notes were beaten wrongly. But oppositely again, we can see: Princess Swan, in her period of Darkness growth - facing Satan, turning into a dark angel and only appearing in night... She really faced a hardness and the difficulty of life, right as beating wrong notes, getting out some noises and travelling a little bit slowly and roughly in a channel. In this view, perhaps that the difficulties can be transformed- in the musical needs and with a small fashion. Congratulation, more exercises, haha! 3. Together, we gave two great designs: one is the 'Big Brightness' began from the minute (Approximately 2.03) when the main theme happens again; and the other is 'Swan's Departure like Sound of Fall-Leaves rotating upon Lake's Surface' (from minute 2.49 to the end)... She almost achieved some - the mood calmed down very much and stably progressed to further with a confidence. However, a little bit of disfluency made the impression fade, somehow. Meanwhile, a 'rit. to a tempo' turned inversely - what a pity. Totally to say, musicality, at her age, was preciously showing in this time's performance. The hard-working of recovery and exercises, during many classes, touched my heart very much. (I knew that...) More trainings of Arpeggio-running (dominate sevenths) and its fluency can help her achieve more in the future. Wenxin, thanks to you for letting us appreciate this world-famous melody in piano. [[File:Growth of Swan in eyes of the little girl - Wenxi, Zhang.ogg|thumb|Growth of Swan in the eyes of the little girl - Wenxi, Zhang]] [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 16:06, 5 May 2019 (UTC) ==== Listen to Mother's Old Story! - A beautiful and quiet little girl's Good Wish ==== '''Teacher's Demonstration:''' [[File:Mother&#039;s Old story - China Impression.ogg|thumb| Listen to Mother's Old story - China Impression (JMC, Han - teacher's domenstration)]] '''Student's Performance:''' [[File:Listen to Mother&#039;s Old Story - Piano Pupil Yiwen, Cui.ogg|thumb| Listen to Mother's Old Story- Piano Pupil Yiwen, Cui]] '''Teacher's Comments:''' Yiwen, Cui (Direct translation of her Chinese name - A beautiful girl who is good at the translation of art and literature, from Cui family), at the age of 10, is a quite and beautiful girl. She got a good life effect from this Chinese piano-kid's song - 'Listen to Mother's Old Story': making her family and parents happy, getting some confidences through this piano song from the examination, showing her fashion in my library concert held for piano kids... After those more above, frequent exercises, and getting her permission, I can submit this classroom-recording edition. Though in the tail I found a note lost... and some parts of her left hand might run much more fluently... , I think her emotional background of this music reached to a good level, and those polyphonic parts can be clearly heard two layers, their cannoning, and so on... Congratulation! '''(Words from the description in Wikimedia Commons page)''' [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 01:04, 8 August 2019 (UTC) ==== Moonlight upon Lotus Pool (Summer) - Letters-Accompaniment Improvising Chinese Pop-song with both Classical Tradition and Pentatonic Scale ==== '''Teacher's Comment:''' 1. I am very excited that you (only 10-years-old) understood Letter-To-Accompaniment Improvising sheet and its approach in a very fast way. 2. It's great you can use both Pentatonic Arpeggios and Tenth-Rolling-Bass-dropping in your accompaniment (You can make Tenth-rolling Bass in a more fluent view, I thought) 3. We can feel the musical scene from your musicality - In a beautiful summer night, Walking along a lotus pool, you and your family members were enjoying the moonlight and a breeze of cool wind... 4. In future, hopefully, you can improve your 'new learns' to a higher level. [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 01:04, 8 August 2019 (UTC) ''' Xuan, Lee's Second Attempt - Pearl of the Orient''' ==== 'Mother in the candlelight' - A little girl (Siqi)'s heart-words for her mother's birthday - in the growth and in the dreams... ==== '''Heart-story:''' Regarding with this piano-song, there is a little story about this little commons' girl: Usually, her parents were very busy in the family's restaurant... I and my mother saw she had independently managed herself well and grew up alone for many years... In this year - 2019, time was near her mother's birthday. In the KTV (a place like karaoke bar, but for small single groups of people in rooms, with TV in the middle for singing ), she heard this song - 'Mother in the candlelight' and found her parents enjoyed singing it very much. Then, she decided to play it as a gift to her mother, right on mother's birthday. It's my biggest honour to be together sight-reading the notation, making the re-designs and re-editions of this song into piano - like, Prelude, Introduction-theme 1st, theme 2nd, Development and Peak, a small Repetition and Coda... She learnt in a very fast and hard-working way that merely around one month she played it in this level. And finally, she got her heart-sweet - playing it for her mother, as a birthday gift.(Wikimedia Commons' original page, 2019) '''Comments from teacher:''' 1. The musical emotions were very rich and expressive, especially the 'Peak-Calling for mother' (2.53 minutes - 3.53 minutes). I almost can hear 'Mum...' (or Mumu...) for many times in a kid's tear-drops and in the candlelight... by your right hand's touchable singing... 2. I liked our 'Flanger tr. Ornaments' very much (I thought it's from Mozartian). I am very happy you can put it in for soon time... 3. I am very happy in the Coda-tail, you can get my suggestion - ending by a Major Seventh Progression-Arpeggio. This point should give the thanks to my mentor - Ray. I quite enjoy its special colour... 4. Your strong and mixed left hand accompaniment must have been trained for many times. I knew it's a hard-working job, but tender and flexible a little bit... better? 5. The singing of right hand and its 'breathing' were quite natural and fine, sentence by sentence..., but the total speed is too slower than normal, which reflect the running ability of the left hand needed to improve. I knew: to your 9-years-old hands, it's a very hard requirement... However, waiting the up-grown, I have the confidence you can hands-sing it in a much more fluent way... [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 14:10, 5 September 2019 (UTC) '''Night's Piano-Song - The depth of China Pop-Piano (and Siqi's Heart-Try)''' ''Comments:'' She made the depth of two peak notes but in light touching way. I thought also that she did this Pop-piano's musicality in a poet's Night-thinking... She is suitable for the performance of this-type-'songs' and improvising (still at little age and need to prepare in time). Let us listen to her and feel her expression. ==== The Cowherd's Flute played by a little girl piano pupil - Guo Guo (Nickname: Happy fruits) ==== This edition has already been her best attempt, regarding with its landscape-painting style, lovely Cowherd's Flute we can refer to Wikipedia introduction (Seeking key words 'The Cowboy's Flute' in). It's recorded as a beautiful memory of her piano-learning and her Childhood. Let us listen to her: [[File:The Cowboy&#039;s Flute - Yuxuan, Lu (Guo Guo).ogg|thumb|The Cowherd's Flute - Yuxuan, Lu (Guo Guo)]] ==== Clementi Sonata Op35 No. 5 (Movement 1st), played by Piano pupil Yixuan, Qiao ==== Clementi's Sonata-Op35 No. 5 was a so long and difficult piece for students around their ninth year. Therefore, we have divided it into many small sections and taught. She learnt in progress. Meanwhile, this little and beautiful girl (She was beautifully good at dancing, somehow rather than piano.) has already attempted her best in exercising and recording. I thought it recorded her good piano-learning experiences and those memories of childhood. Regarding with further information about this work, please refer to the educational portal: https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Portal:Sonatinas_from_Kids%27_corner_near_heaven#Muzio_Clementi . Let us listen to her: [[File:Clementi Sonatina Op35. No 5 Movement 1st Piano pupil YIxuan, Qiao.ogg|thumb|Clementi Sonatina Op35. No 5 Movement 1st Piano pupil YIxuan, Qiao]] [[User:Jason M. C., Han|Jason M. C., Han]] ([[User talk:Jason M. C., Han|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jason M. C., Han|contribs]]) 02:42, 18 October 2019 (UTC) ====Little and Little, Twinkling Stars - Little Piano-Kids' Playground==== Say 'Hello' to our 'Little Goldman' [[File:Vienna Trip - The Little Goldman- Strauss Family.jpg|thumb|Hand-making my own picture of Strauss Family's Little Goldman]] * [[Portal:Little and Little, Twinkling Stars - Little Piano-Kids' Playground| Little and Little, Twinkling Stars - Little Piano-Kids' Playground]] 3yqvfilm4t4won77pj3vwuaowl7b3dp 3 250786 2688834 2687841 2024-11-25T22:42:06Z MediaWiki message delivery 983498 /* Tech News: 2024-48 */ new section 2688834 wikitext text/x-wiki == First Message Posting == Update Talk on Wikiversity [[User:Bnhassin|Bnhassin]] ([[User talk:Bnhassin|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bnhassin|contribs]]) 21:04, 29 June 2019 (UTC) == Update Sandbox User == == Posting to sandbox == Update Sandbox on Wikiversity [[User:Bnhassin/sandbox]] ([[User talk:Bnhassin|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bnhassin|contribs]])[[User:Bnhassin|Bnhassin]] ([[User talk:Bnhassin|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bnhassin|contribs]]) 11:04, 25 October 2020 (UTC) == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Tech News: 2020-50]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W50"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now put pages on your watchlist for a limited period of time. Some wikis already had this function. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Watchlist_Expiry][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Watchlist_expiry] '''Changes later this week''' * Information from Wikidata that is used on a wiki page can be shown in recent changes and watchlists on a Wikimedia wiki. To see this you need to turn on showing Wikidata edits in your watchlist in the preferences. Changes to the Wikidata description in the language of a Wikimedia wiki will then be shown in recent changes and watchlists. This will not show edits to languages that are not relevant to your wiki. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-November/014402.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191831] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 8 December and 21 December. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W50"/> 16:15, 7 December 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20754641 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Tech News: 2020-51]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W51"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. It was released in India in September. It can now be downloaded in other countries too. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/12/10/growing-wikipedias-reach-with-an-app-for-kaios-feature-phones/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W51"/> 21:34, 14 December 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20803489 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Tech News: 2020-52]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W52"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 11 January 2021. '''Recent changes''' * The <code><nowiki>{{citation needed}}</nowiki></code> template shows when a statement in a Wikipedia article needs a source. If you click on it when you edit with the visual editor there is a popup that explains this. Now it can also show the reason and when it was added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270107] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * You can [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Ideas|propose and discuss]] what technical improvements should be done for geographic information. This could be coordinates, maps or other related things. * Some wikis use [[mw:Writing systems/LanguageConverter|LanguageConverter]] to switch between writing systems or variants of a language. This can only be done for the entire page. There will be a <code><nowiki><langconvert></nowiki></code> tag that can convert a piece of text on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263082] * Oversighters and stewards can hide entries in [[Special:AbuseLog|Special:AbuseLog]]. They can soon hide multiple entries at once using checkboxes. This works like hiding normal edits. It will happen in early January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W52"/> 20:54, 21 December 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20833836 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Tech News: 2021-02]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W02"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can choose to be reminded when you have not added an edit summary. This can be done in your preferences. This could conflict with the [[:w:en:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]]. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12729] * You can link to specific log entries. You can get these links for example by clicking the timestamps in the log. Until now, such links to private log entries showed no entry even if you had permission to view private log entries. The links now show the entry. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269761] * Admins can use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter tool]] to automatically prevent bad edits. Three changes happened last week: ** The filter editing interface now shows syntax errors while you type. This is similar to JavaScript pages. It also shows a warning for regular expressions that match the empty string. New warnings will be added later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187686] ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:Oversighters|Oversighters]] can now hide multiple filter log entries at once using checkboxes on [[Special:AbuseLog]]. This is how the usual revision deletion works. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904] ** When a filter matches too many actions after it has been changed it is "throttled". The most powerful actions are disabled. This is to avoid many editors getting blocked when an administrator made a mistake. The administrator will now get a notification about this "throttle". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new tool to [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/add build new skins]. You can also [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/ see] existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Skins|skins]]. You can [[mw:User talk:Jdlrobson|give feedback]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-December/094130.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bots using the API no longer watch pages automatically based on account preferences. Setting the <code>watchlist</code> to <code>watch</code> will still work. This is to reduce the size of the watchlist data in the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258108] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto's]] [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#File metadata|file metadata]] now includes length. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209679] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code pages now have link anchors to [https://patchdemo.wmflabs.org/wikis/40e4795d4448b55a6d8c46ff414bcf78/w/index.php/MediaWiki:En.js#L-125 line numbers]. You can use wikilinks like [[:w:en:MediaWiki:Common.js#L-50]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29531] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] There was a [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki last week. You can read [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25/Changelog|a detailed log]] of all 763 changes. Most of them are very small and will not affect you. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W02"/> 15:42, 11 January 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20950047 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Tech News: 2021-03]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W03"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth team]] plans to add features to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer tasks/Experiment analysis, November 2020|get more visitors to edit]] to more Wikipedias. You can help [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-growthexperiments&language=&filter=&action=translate translating the interface]. * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] posts could be automatically timestamped in the future. This is because MassMessage senders can now send pages using MassMessage. Pages are more difficult to sign. If there are times when a MassMessage post should not be timestamped you can [[phab:T270435|let the developers know]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W03"/> 16:10, 18 January 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20974628 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Tech News: 2021-04]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. You will not be able to read or edit [[:wikitech:Main Page|Wikitech]] for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210128T09 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} at 09:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272388] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|Bracket matching]] will be added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] syntax highlighter on the first wikis. The first wikis are German and Catalan Wikipedia and maybe other Wikimedia wikis. This will happen on 27 January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270238] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W04"/> 18:31, 25 January 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21007423 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Tech News: 2021-05]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W05"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[:w:en:IPv6|IPv6 addresses]] were written in lowercase letters in diffs. This caused dead links since [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] only accepted uppercase letters for the IPs. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272225] '''Changes later this week''' * You can soon use Wikidata to link to pages on the multilingual Wikisource. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138332] * Often editors use a "non-breaking space" to make a gap between two items when reading but still show them together. This can be used to avoid a line break. You will now be able to add new ones via the special character tool in the 2010, 2017, and visual editors. The character will be shown in the visual editor as a space with a grey background. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T70429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T96666] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=| Advanced item]] Wikis use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to stop bad edits being made. Filter maintainers can now use syntax like <code>1.2.3.4 - 1.2.3.55</code> as well as the <code>1.2.3.4/27</code> syntax for IP ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] is the skin Wikimedia wikis use for mobile traffic. When a page is protected and you can't edit it you can normally read the source wikicode. This doesn't work on Minerva on mobile devices. This is being fixed. Some text might overlap. This is because your community needs to update [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext|MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to work on mobile. You can [[phab:T208827|read more]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Inline_styles_should_not_use_properties_that_impact_sizing_and_positioning][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Avoid_tables_for_anything_except_data] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] will change the IP address they use to contact the wikis. The new IP address will be <code>185.15.56.1</code>. This will happen on February 8. You can [[:wikitech:News/CloudVPS NAT wikis|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W05"/> 22:38, 1 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21033195 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Tech News: 2021-06]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W06"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android now has watchlists and talk pages in the app. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.wikipedia] '''Changes later this week''' * You can see edits to chosen pages on [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]]. You can add pages to your watchlist on every wiki you like. The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|GlobalWatchlist]] extension will come to Meta on 11 February. There you can see entries on watched pages on different wikis on the same page. The new watchlist will be found on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] on Meta. You can choose which wikis to watch and other preferences on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings|Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings]] on Meta. You can watch up to five wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260862] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * When admins [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protecting and unprotecting pages|protect]] pages the form will use the [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. [[Special:Import|Special:Import]] will also get the new look. This will make them easier to use on mobile phones. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235424][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108792] * Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[m:Tech/News/2021/05|Last week]] Tech News reported that the IP address [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] use to contact the wikis will change on 8 February. This is delayed. It will happen later instead. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/CloudVPS_NAT_wikis] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W06"/> 17:42, 8 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21082948 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Tech News: 2021-07]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W07"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There were problems with recent versions of MediaWiki. Because the updates caused problems the developers rolled back to an earlier version. Some updates and new functions will come later than planned. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094255.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094271.html] * Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.31|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W07"/> 17:56, 15 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21105437 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Tech News: 2021-08]] == <div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The visual editor will now use [[:c:Commons:Structured data/Media search|MediaSearch]] to find images. You can search for images on Commons in the visual editor when you are looking for illustrations. This is to help editors find better images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259896] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighter]] now works with more languages: [[:w:en:Futhark (programming language)|Futhark]], [[:w:en:Graphviz|Graphviz]]/[[:w:en:DOT (graph description language)|DOT]], CDDL and AMDGPU. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274741] '''Problems''' * Editing a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EasyTimeline|timeline]] might have removed all text from it. This was because of a bug and has been fixed. You might need to edit the timeline again for it to show properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274822] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.32|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a [[:m:Wikimedia Rust developers user group|user group]] for developers and users interested in working on Wikimedia wikis with the [[:w:en:Rust (programming language)|Rust programming language]]. You can join or tell others who want to make your wiki better in the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div> ---- 00:17, 23 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21134058 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Tech News: 2021-09]] == <div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth team tools]] can now show the name of a newcomer's mentor anywhere [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship/Integrating_mentorship|through a magic word]]. This can be used for welcome messages or userboxes. * A new version of the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:VideoCutTool|VideoCutTool]] is now available. It enables cropping, trimming, audio disabling, and rotating video content. It is being created as part of the developer outreach programs. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Job queue|job queue]]. This meant some functions did not save changes and mass messages were delayed. This did not affect wiki edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275437] * Some editors may not be logged in to their accounts automatically in the latest versions of Firefox and Safari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226797] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.33|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div> ---- 19:08, 1 March 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21161722 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Tech News: 2021-10]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W10"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section translation]] now works on Bengali Wikipedia. It helps mobile editors translate sections of articles. It will come to more wikis later. The first focus is active wikis with a smaller number of articles. You can [https://sx.wmflabs.org/index.php/Main_Page test it] and [[mw:Talk:Content translation/Section translation|leave feedback]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] now give admins the review right. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275293] * When someone links to a Wikipedia article on Twitter this will now show a preview of the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276185] '''Problems''' * Many graphs have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. Graph editors can check their graphs in their browser's developer console after editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275833] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Talk pages project/New discussion|New Discussion]] tool will soon be a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|discussion tools]] beta feature for on most Wikipedias. The goal is to make it easier to start new discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275257] '''Future changes''' * There will be a number of changes to make it easier to work with templates. Some will come to the first wikis in March. Other changes will come to the first wikis in June. This is both for those who use templates and those who create or maintain them. You can [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|read more]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on some wikis on 17 March. They will share a setting with [[mw:Page Previews|Page Previews]]. If you prefer the Reference Tooltips or Navigation-Popups gadget you can keep using them. If so Reference Previews won't be shown. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * New JavaScript-based functions will not work in [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 11|Internet Explorer 11]]. This is because Internet Explorer is an old browser that doesn't work with how JavaScript is written today. Everything that works in Internet Explorer 11 today will continue working in Internet Explorer for now. You can [[mw:Compatibility/IE11|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W10"/> 17:51, 8 March 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21175593 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Tech News: 2021-11]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W11"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis that are part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|desktop improvements]] project can now use a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Search|search function]]. The desktop improvements and the new search will come to more wikis later. You can also [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#Deployment plan and timeline|test it early]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Editors who put up banners or change site-wide [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code should use the [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/000000566/overview?viewPanel=16&orgId=1 client error graph] to see that their changes has not caused problems. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/03/08/sailing-steady%e2%80%8a-%e2%80%8ahow-you-can-help-keep-wikimedia-sites-error-free read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276296] '''Problems''' * Due to [[phab:T276968|database issues]] the [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org Wikimedia Beta Cluster] was read-only for over a day. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can add a [[:w:en:Newline|newline]] or [[:w:en:Carriage return|carriage return]] character to a custom signature if you use a template. There is a proposal to not allow them in the future. This is because they can cause formatting problems. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/New_requirements_for_user_signatures#Additional_proposal_(2021)][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272322] * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|12 wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can use [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/ Quarry] for [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the [[wikitech:Wiki replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work from 23 March. There will be a new field to specify the database to connect to. If you think this affects you and you need help you can [[phab:T268498|post on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/PAWS PAWS] and other ways to do [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the Wiki Replicas will be affected later. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Wiki_Replicas_2020_Redesign] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W11"/> 23:22, 15 March 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21226057 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Tech News: 2021-12]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W12"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. They don't have a touch screen so readers navigate with the phone keys. There is now a [https://wikimedia.github.io/wikipedia-kaios/sim.html simulator] so you can see what it looks like. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|new discussion tool]] are now available as the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] in almost all wikis except German Wikipedia. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|twelve wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This can also affect password changes, logging in to new wikis, global renames and changing or confirming emails. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.36|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[:w:en:Syntax highlighting|Syntax highlighting]] colours will change to be easier to read. This will soon come to the [[phab:T276346|first wikis]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting] '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] will no longer have multiple tags like "tone" or "depth". It will also only have one tier. This was changed because very few wikis used these features and they make the tool difficult to maintain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185664][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts can access variables about the current page in JavaScript. In 2015 this was moved from <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> to <code dir=ltr>mw.config</code>. <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> will soon no longer work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72470] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W12"/> 16:53, 22 March 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21244806 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Tech News: 2021-13]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some very old [[:w:en:Web browser|web browsers]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility|don’t work]] well with the Wikimedia wikis. Some old code for browsers that used to be supported is being removed. This could cause issues in those browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277803] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:m:IRC/Channels#Raw_feeds|IRC recent changes feeds]] have been moved to a new server. Make sure all tools automatically reconnect to <code>irc.wikimedia.org</code> and not to the name of any specific server. Users should also consider switching to the more modern [[:wikitech:Event Platform/EventStreams|EventStreams]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224579] '''Problems''' * When you move a page that many editors have on their watchlist the history can be split. It might also not be possible to move it again for a while. This is because of a [[:w:en:Job queue|job queue]] problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278350] * Some translatable pages on Meta could not be edited. This was because of a bug in the translation tool. The new MediaWiki version was delayed because of problems like this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 17:30, 29 March 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21267131 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Tech News: 2021-14]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors can collapse part of an article so you have to click on it to see it. When you click a link to a section inside collapsed content it will now expand to show the section. The browser will scroll down to the section. Previously such links didn't work unless you manually expanded the content first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276741] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] will use for example <code>2010-12-XX</code> instead of <code>2010-12</code> for dates with a month but no days. This is because <code>2010-12</code> could be confused with <code>2010-2012</code> instead of <code>December 2010</code>. This is called level 1 instead of level 0 in the [https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/ Extended Date/Time Format]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.38|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] can now connect to the new [[:wikitech:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work from 28 April. There is [[:wikitech:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign#How should I connect to databases in PAWS?|a new way to connect]] to the databases. Until 28 April both ways to connect to the databases will work. If you think this affects you and you need help you can post [[phab:T268498|on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 19:41, 5 April 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21287348 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Tech News: 2021-16]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Email to the Wikimedia wikis are handled by groups of Wikimedia editors. These volunteer response teams now use [https://github.com/znuny/Znuny Znuny] instead of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/OTRS|OTRS]]. The functions and interface remain the same. The volunteer administrators will give more details about the next steps soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279303][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275294] * If you use [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighting]], you can see line numbers in the 2010 and 2017 wikitext editors when editing templates. This is to make it easier to see line breaks or talk about specific lines. Line numbers will soon come to all namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267911][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Because of a technical change there could be problems with gadgets and scripts that have an edit summary area that looks [https://phab.wmfusercontent.org/file/data/llvdqqnb5zpsfzylbqcg/PHID-FILE-25vs4qowibmtysl7cbml/Screen_Shot_2021-04-06_at_2.34.04_PM.png similar to this one]. If they look strange they should use <code>mw.loader.using('mediawiki.action.edit.styles')</code> to go back to how they looked before. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278898] * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.1|latest version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis last week. There was no Tech News issue last week. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * The user group <code>oversight</code> will be renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in two weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 16:48, 19 April 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21356080 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Tech News: 2021-17]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Templates have parameters that can have specific values. It is possible to suggest values for editors with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]]. You can soon see them as a drop-down list in the visual editor. This is to help template users find the right values faster. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273857][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 21:24, 26 April 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21391118 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Tech News: 2021-18]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] is a gadget on English Wikipedia. It can help with maintenance and patrolling. It can [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/SD0001/Twinkle localisation/Report|now be used on other wikis]]. You can get Twinkle on your wiki using the [https://github.com/wikimedia-gadgets/twinkle-starter twinkle-starter] GitHub repository. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] did not work for many articles for a little while. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281346] * Some things will not work for about a minute on 5 May. This will happen [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210505T0600 around 06:00 UTC]. This will affect the content translation tool and notifications among other things. This is because of an upgrade to avoid crashes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281212] '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on a number of wikis on 5 May. This is later than planned because of some changes. You can use it without using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page Previews]] if you want to. The earlier plan was to have the preference to use both or none. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] classes <code dir=ltr>.error</code>, <code dir=ltr>.warning</code> and <code dir=ltr>.success</code> do not work for mobile readers if they have not been specifically defined on your wiki. From June they will not work for desktop readers. This can affect gadgets and templates. The classes can be defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or template styles instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280766] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 15:43, 3 May 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21418010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Tech News: 2021-19]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can see what participants plan to work on at the online [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia hackathon]] 22–23 May. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 15:10, 10 May 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21428676 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Tech News: 2021-20]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new toolbar in [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply tool]]. It works in the wikitext source mode. You can enable it in [[Special:Preferences#mw-htmlform-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276608] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#13_May_2021] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion#13_May_2021] * Wikimedia [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo mailing lists] are being moved to [[:w:en:GNU Mailman|Mailman 3]]. This is a newer version. For the [[:w:en:Character encoding|character encoding]] to work it will change from <code>[[:w:en:UTF-8|UTF-8]]</code> to <code>utf8mb3</code>. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IEYQ2HS3LZF2P3DAYMNZYQDGHWPVMTPY/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282621] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|earlier issue]] of Tech News said that the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] would handle dates with a month but no days in a new way. This has been reverted for now. There needs to be more discussion of how it affects different wikis first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] <code>MediaWiki:Pageimages-blacklist</code> will be renamed <code>MediaWiki:Pageimages-denylist</code>. The list can be copied to the new name. It will happen on 19 May for some wikis and 20 May for some wikis. Most wikis don't use it. It lists images that should never be used as thumbnails for articles. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 13:49, 17 May 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21464279 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Tech News: 2021-21]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Wikimedia movement has been using [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC|IRC]] on a network called [[:w:en:Freenode|Freenode]]. There have been changes around who is in control of the network. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Group_Contacts|Wikimedia IRC Group Contacts]] have [[m:Special:Diff/21476411|decided]] to move to the new [[:w:en:Libera Chat|Libera Chat]] network instead. This is not a formal decision for the movement to move all channels but most Wikimedia IRC channels will probably leave Freenode. There is a [[:m:IRC/Migrating_to_Libera_Chat|migration guide]] and ongoing Wikimedia [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Freenode (IRC)|discussions about this]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 17:07, 24 May 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21477606 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Tech News: 2021-22]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was an issue on the Vector skin with the text size of categories and notices under the page title. It was fixed last Monday. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283206] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 17:05, 31 May 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21516076 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Tech News: 2021-23]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia movement uses [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] for technical tasks. This is where we collect technical suggestions, bugs and what developers are working on. The company behind Phabricator will stop working on it. This will not change anything for the Wikimedia movement now. It could lead to changes in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/YAXOD46INJLAODYYIJUVQWOZFIV54VUI/][https://admin.phacility.com/phame/post/view/11/phacility_is_winding_down_operations/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283980] * Searching on Wikipedia will find more results in some languages. This is mainly true for when those who search do not use the correct [[:w:en:Diacritic|diacritics]] because they are not seen as necessary in that language. For example searching for <code>Bedusz</code> doesn't find <code>Będusz</code> on German Wikipedia. The character <code>ę</code> isn't used in German so many would write <code>e</code> instead. This will work better in the future in some languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219550] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:Cross-site request forgery|CSRF token parameters]] in the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|action API]] were changed in 2014. The old parameters from before 2014 will stop working soon. This can affect bots, gadgets and user scripts that still use the old parameters. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IMP43BNCI32C524O5YCUWMQYP4WVBQ2B/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280806] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 20:02, 7 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21551759 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Tech News: 2021-24]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Logged-in users on the mobile web can choose to use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mobile mode]]. They now see categories in a similar way as users on desktop do. This means that some gadgets that have just been for desktop users could work for users of the mobile site too. If your wiki has such gadgets you could decide to turn them on for the mobile site too. Some gadgets probably need to be fixed to look good on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284763] * Language links on Wikidata now works for [[:oldwikisource:Main Page|multilingual Wikisource]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275958] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * In the future we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|can't show the IP]] of unregistered editors to everyone. This is because privacy regulations and norms have changed. There is now a rough draft of how [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#Updates|showing the IP to those who need to see it]] could work. * German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between 5:00 and 5:30 UTC. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 28 June. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 20:26, 14 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21587625 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Tech News: 2021-25]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code>otrs-member</code> group name is now <code>vrt-permissions</code>. This could affect abuse filters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280615] '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210623T0500 5:00 and 5:30 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 15:49, 21 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21593987 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Tech News: 2021-26]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth features]] now can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure Growth features directly on their wiki]]. This uses the new special page <code>Special:EditGrowthConfig</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285423] * Wikisources have a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/OCR Improvements|OCR tool]]. If you don't want to see the "extract text" button on Wikisource you can add <code>.ext-wikisource-ExtractTextWidget { display: none; }</code> to your [[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285311] '''Problems''' *You will be able to read but not edit the Wikimedia wikis for a few minutes on 29 June. This is planned at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210629T1400 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * <code>Threshold for stub link formatting</code>, <code>thumbnail size</code> and <code>auto-number headings</code> can be set in preferences. They are expensive to maintain and few editors use them. The developers are planning to remove them. Removing them will make pages load faster. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User:SKim (WMF)/Performance Dependent User Preferences|read more and give feedback]]. * A toolbar will be added to the [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]]'s wikitext source mode. This will make it easier to link to pages and to ping other users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276609][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#Status_updates] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 16:32, 28 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21653312 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Tech News: 2021-27]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 19 July. '''Recent changes''' * [[:wikidata:Q4063270|AutoWikiBrowser]] is a tool to make repetitive tasks easier. It now uses [[:w:en:JSON|JSON]]. <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage</code> has moved to <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON</code> and <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/Config</code>. <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/Version</code> has moved to <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/VersionJSON</code>. The tool will eventually be configured on the wiki so that you don't have to wait until the new version to add templates or regular expression fixes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T241196] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] helps saving online sources on some wikis. It adds them to [[:w:en:Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]] and links to them there. This is so they don't disappear if the page that was linked to is removed. It currently has a problem with linking to the wrong date when it moves pages from <code>archive.is</code> to <code>web.archive.org</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283432] '''Changes later this week''' * The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] will be updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It will come to the first wikis on 7 July. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Some Wikimedia wikis use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]] or pending changes. It hides edits from new and unregistered accounts for readers until they have been patrolled. The auto review action in Flagged Revisions will no longer be logged. All old logs of auto-review will be removed. This is because it creates a lot of logs that are not very useful. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285608] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 17:33, 5 July 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21694636 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Tech News: 2021-29]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] was updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It was supposed to come to the first wikis on 7 July. It was delayed to 12 July instead. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553] * [[Special:UnconnectedPages|Special:UnconnectedPages]] lists pages that are not connected to Wikidata. This helps you find pages that can be connected to Wikidata items. Some pages should not be connected to Wikidata. You can use the magic word <code><nowiki>__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__</nowiki></code> on pages that should not be listed on the special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97577] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the [[:w:en:Parsing|parser's]] HTML output will soon change. This can affect bots, gadgets, user scripts and extensions. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/L2UQJRHTFK5YG3IOZEC7JSLH2ZQNZRVU/ read more]. You can test it on [[:testwiki:Main Page|Testwiki]] or [[:test2wiki:Main Page|Testwiki 2]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 15:31, 19 July 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21755027 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Tech News: 2021-30]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis the week before last week. This was not in Tech News because there was no newsletter that week. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * If you use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|Monobook skin]] you can choose to switch off [[:w:en:Responsive web design|responsive design]] on mobile. This will now work for more skins. If <code>{{int:monobook-responsive-label}}</code> is unticked you need to also untick the new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preference]] <code>{{int:prefs-skin-responsive}}</code>. Otherwise it will stop working. Interface admins can automate this process on your wiki. You can [[phab:T285991|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 21:11, 26 July 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21771634 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Tech News: 2021-31]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] If your wiki uses markup like <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-ltr"></nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-rtl"></nowiki></code></bdi> without the required <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>dir</code></bdi> attribute, then these will no longer work in 2 weeks. There is a short-term fix that can be added to your local wiki's Common.css page, which is explained at [[phab:T287701|T287701]]. From now on, all usages should include the full attributes, for example: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="en"></nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-rtl" dir="rtl" lang="he"></nowiki></code></bdi>. This also applies to some other HTML tags, such as <code>span</code> or <code>code</code>. You can find existing examples on your wiki that need to be updated, using the instructions at [[phab:T287701|T287701]]. * Reminder: Wikimedia has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Migrating to Libera Chat|migrated to the Libera Chat IRC network]], from the old Freenode network. Local documentation should be updated. '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 30 minutes. There was a problem with generating dynamic lists of articles on the Russian Wikinews, due to the bulk import of 200,000+ new articles over 3 days, which led to database problems. The problematic feature has been disabled on that wiki and developers are discussing if it can be fixed properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-07-26_ruwikinews_DynamicPageList] '''Changes later this week''' * When adding links to a page using [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] or the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]] will now only appear at the bottom of search results. This is because users do not often want to link to disambiguation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285510] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|team of the Wikipedia app for Android]] is working on communication in the app. The developers are working on how to talk to other editors and get notifications. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|read more]]. They are looking for users who want to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingJuly2021|test the plans]]. Any editor who has an Android phone and is willing to download the app can do this. * The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} will be updated in the coming weeks. You will be able to [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications|subscribe to individual sections]] on a talk page at more wikis. You can test this now by adding <code>?dtenable=1</code> to the end of the talk page's URL ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta_talk:Sandbox?dtenable=1 example]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 20:47, 2 August 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21818289 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Tech News: 2021-32]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You can read but not edit 17 wikis for a few minutes on 10 August. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1628571650 05:00 UTC]. This is because of work on the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287449] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2021:Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place remotely on 13 August, starting at 5:00 UTC, for 24 hours. You can participate in many ways. You can still propose projects and sessions. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The old CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="visualClear"></div></nowiki></code></bdi> will not be supported after 12 August. Instead, templates and pages should use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div style="clear:both;"></div></nowiki></code></bdi>. Please help to replace any existing uses on your wiki. There are global-search links available at [[phab:T287962|T287962]]. '''Future changes''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is a place for Wikipedia editors to get access to sources. There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TheWikipediaLibrary|extension]] which has a new function to tell users when they can take part in it. It will use notifications. It will start pinging the first users in September. It will ping more users later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288070] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[w:en:Vue.js|Vue.js]] will be the [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] framework for MediaWiki in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SOZREBYR36PUNFZXMIUBVAIOQI4N7PDU/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 16:21, 9 August 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21856726 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Tech News: 2021-33]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can add language links in the sidebar in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206] '''Problems''' * There was a problem on wikis which use the Translate extension. Translations were not updated or were replaced with the English text. The problems have been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288700][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288683][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288719] '''Changes later this week''' * A [[mw:Help:Tags|revision tag]] will soon be added to edits that add links to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]]. This is because these links are usually added by accident. The tag will allow editors to easily find the broken links and fix them. If your wiki does not like this feature, it can be [[mw:Help:Tags#Deleting a tag added by the software|hidden]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287549] *Would you like to help improve the information about tools? Would you like to attend or help organize a small virtual meetup for your community to discuss the list of tools? Please get in touch on the [[m:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions|Toolhub Quality Signal Sessions]] talk page. We are also looking for feedback [[m:Talk:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions#Discussion topic for "Quality Signal Sessions: The Tool Maintainers edition"|from tool maintainers]] on some specific questions. * In the past, edits to any page in your user talk space ignored your [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications#mute|mute list]], e.g. sub-pages. Starting this week, this is only true for edits to your talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288112] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 19:27, 16 August 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21889213 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Tech News: 2021-34]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score]] extension (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><score></nowiki></code></bdi> notation) has been re-enabled on public wikis and upgraded to a newer version. Some musical score functionality may no longer work because the extension is only enabled in "safe mode". The security issue has been fixed and an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score/2021 security advisory|advisory published]]. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289130|some wikis]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871217 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. During this time, operations on the CentralAuth will also not be possible. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 21:58, 23 August 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21923254 --> == Read-only reminder == <section begin="MassMessage"/> A maintenance operation will be performed on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871231 {{#time: l F d H:i e|2021-08-25T06:00|en}}]. It should only last for a few minutes. This will affect your wiki as well as 11 other wikis. During this time, publishing edits will not be possible. Also during this time, operations on the CentralAuth will not be possible (GlobalRenames, changing/confirming e-mail addresses, logging into new wikis, password changes). For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T289130|on Phabricator]]. A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation. Please help your community to be aware of this maintenance operation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}<section end="MassMessage"/> 20:35, 24 August 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21927201 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Tech News: 2021-35]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some musical score syntax no longer works and may needed to be updated, you can check [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:score-error-category}}]] on your wiki for a list of pages with errors. '''Problems''' * Musical scores were unable to render lyrics in some languages because of missing fonts. This has been fixed now. If your language would prefer a different font, please file a request in Phabricator. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289554] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]] about this. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289660|Commons]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-09-06|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1630818058 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 13 September. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 16:01, 30 August 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21954810 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Tech News: 2021-36]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The wikis that have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] deployed have been part of A/B testing since deployment, in which some newcomers did not receive the new features. Now, all of the newcomers on 21 of the smallest of those wikis will be receiving the features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289786] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In 2017, the provided jQuery library was upgraded from version 1 to 3, with a compatibility layer. The migration will soon finish, to make the site load faster for everyone. If you maintain a gadget or user script, check if you have any JQMIGRATE errors and fix them, or they will break. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280944][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/6Z2BVLOBBEC2QP4VV4KOOVQVE52P3HOP/] * Last year, the Portuguese Wikipedia community embarked on an experiment to make log-in compulsory for editing.  The [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Impact report for Login Required Experiment on Portuguese Wikipedia|impact report of this trial]] is ready. Moving forward, the Anti-Harassment Tools team is looking for projects that are willing to experiment with restricting IP editing on their wiki for a short-term experiment. [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Login Required Experiment|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 15:20, 6 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21981010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Tech News: 2021-37]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * 45 new Wikipedias now have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289680] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|A majority of Wikipedias]] now have access to the Growth features. The Growth team [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ|has published an FAQ page]] about the features. This translatable FAQ covers the description of the features, how to use them, how to change the configuration, and more. '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 14 September. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628002 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting this week, Wikipedia in Italian will receive weekly software updates on Wednesdays. It used to receive the updates on Thursdays. Due to this change, bugs will be noticed and fixed sooner. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286664] * You can add language links in the sidebar in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|the new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlight]] tool marks up code with different colours. It now can highlight 23 new code languages. Additionally, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>golang</code></bdi> can now be used as an alias for the [[d:Q37227|Go programming language]], and a special <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>output</code></bdi> mode has been added to show a program's output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280117][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/+/715277/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 15:35, 13 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22009517 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Tech News: 2021-38]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Growth features are now deployed to almost all Wikipedias. [[phab:T290582|For the majority of small Wikipedias]], the features are only available for experienced users, to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#enable|test the features]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#config|configure them]]. Features will be available for newcomers starting on 20 September 2021. * MediaWiki had a feature that would highlight local links to short articles in a different style. Each user could pick the size at which "stubs" would be highlighted. This feature was very bad for performance, and following a consultation, has been removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284917] * A technical change was made to the MonoBook skin to allow for easier maintenance and upkeep. This has resulted in some minor changes to HTML that make MonoBook's HTML consistent with other skins. Efforts have been made to minimize the impact on editors, but please ping [[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]] on wiki or in [[phab:T290888|phabricator]] if any problems are reported. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of an accidental restart of the search servers. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-09-13_cirrussearch_restart] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[s:Special:ApiHelp/query+proofreadinfo|meta=proofreadpage API]] has changed. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>piprop</nowiki></code></bdi> parameter has been renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prpiprop</nowiki></code></bdi>. API users should update their code to avoid unrecognized parameter warnings. Pywikibot users should upgrade to 6.6.0. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290585] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks. It is currently part of "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki_1.37/Deprecation_of_legacy_API_token_parameters|previously announced]] change to how you obtain tokens from the API has been delayed to September 21 because of an incompatibility with Pywikibot. Bot operators using Pywikibot can follow [[phab:T291202|T291202]] for progress on a fix, and should plan to upgrade to 6.6.1 when it is released. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 18:32, 20 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22043415 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Tech News: 2021-39]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:IOS|iOS 15]] has a new function called [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212614 Private Relay] (Apple website). This can hide the user's IP when they use [[w:en:Safari (software)|Safari]] browser. This is like using a [[w:en:Virtual private network|VPN]] in that we see another IP address instead. It is opt-in and only for those who pay extra for [[w:en:ICloud|iCloud]]. It will come to Safari users on [[:w:en:OSX|OSX]] later. There is a [[phab:T289795|technical discussion]] about what this means for the Wikimedia wikis. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and user-scripts add items to the [[m:Customization:Explaining_skins#Portlets|portlets]] (article tools) part of the skin. A recent change to the HTML may have made those links a different font-size. This can be fixed by adding the CSS class <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.vector-menu-dropdown-noicon</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291438] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Onboarding_new_Wikipedians#New_experience|GettingStarted extension]] was built in 2013, and provides an onboarding process for new account holders in a few versions of Wikipedia. However, the recently developed [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] provide a better onboarding experience. Since the vast majority of Wikipedias now have access to the Growth features, GettingStarted will be deactivated starting on 4 October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235752] * A small number of users will not be able to connect to the Wikimedia wikis after 30 September. This is because an old [[:w:en:root certificate|root certificate]] will no longer work. They will also have problems with many other websites. Users who have updated their software in the last five years are unlikely to have problems. Users in Europe, Africa and Asia are less likely to have immediate problems even if their software is too old. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS/2021 Let's Encrypt root expiry|read more]]. * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|receive notifications]] when someone leaves a comment on user talk page or mentions you in a talk page comment. Clicking the notification link will now bring you to the comment and highlight it. Previously, doing so brought you to the top of the section that contained the comment. You can find [[phab:T282029|more information in T282029.]] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks. It is currently part of "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [[phab:T288485|See the list of wikis.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W39"/> 22:23, 27 September 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22077885 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Tech News: 2021-40]] == <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them has been enabled for the following 10 wikis: mediawiki.org, the Italian, Catalan, Hebrew and Vietnamese Wikipedias, French Wikisource, and English Wikivoygage, Wikibooks, Wiktionary and Wikinews. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist on those wikis you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and bots that use the API to read the AbuseFilter log might break. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hidden</code></bdi> property will no longer say an entry is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>implicit</code></bdi> for unsuppressed log entries about suppressed edits. If your bot needs to know this, do a separate revision query. Additionally, the property will have the value <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>false</code></bdi> for visible entries; previously, it wasn't included in the response. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291718] * A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them will be enabled for ''all production wikis''. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]]. '''Future changes''' * You can soon get cross-wiki notifications in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]]. You can also get notifications as push notifications. More notification updates will follow in later versions. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Notifications#September_2021_update] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgExtraSignatureNamespaces</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgLegalTitleChars</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgIllegalFileChars</code></bdi> will soon be removed from <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]</code></bdi>. These are not part of the "stable" variables available for use in wiki JavaScript. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292011] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookiePrefix</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookieDomain</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookiePath</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookieExpiration</code></bdi> will soon be removed from mw.config. Scripts should instead use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.cookie</code></bdi> from the "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#mediawiki.cookie|mediawiki.cookie]]</bdi>" module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291760] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> 16:32, 4 October 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22101208 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Tech News: 2021-41]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Manual:Table_of_contents#Auto-numbering|"auto-number headings" preference]] is being removed. You can read [[phab:T284921]] for the reasons and discussion. This change was [[m:Tech/News/2021/26|previously]] announced. [[mw:Snippets/Auto-number_headings|A JavaScript snippet]] is available which can be used to create a Gadget on wikis that still want to support auto-numbering. '''Meetings''' * You can join a meeting about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. A demonstration version of the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|newest feature]] will be shown. The event will take place on Tuesday, 12 October at 16:00 UTC. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web/12-10-2021|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W41"/> 15:30, 11 October 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22152137 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Tech News: 2021-42]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *[[m:Toolhub|Toolhub]] is a catalogue to make it easier to find software tools that can be used for working on the Wikimedia projects. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LF4SSR4QRCKV6NPRFGUAQWUFQISVIPTS/ read more]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers of the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia Android app]] are working on [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|communication in the app]]. You can now answer questions in [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingOctober2021|survey]] to help the development. * 3–5% of editors may be blocked in the next few months. This is because of a new service in Safari, which is similar to a [[w:en:Proxy server|proxy]] or a [[w:en:VPN|VPN]]. It is called iCloud Private Relay. There is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|discussion about this]] on Meta. The goal is to learn what iCloud Private Relay could mean for the communities. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] is a new [[w:en:API|API]] for those who use a lot of information from the Wikimedia projects on other sites. It is a way to get big commercial users to pay for the data. There will soon be a copy of the Wikimedia Enterprise dataset. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/message/B2AX6PWH5MBKB4L63NFZY3ADBQG7MSBA/ read more]. You can also ask the team questions [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88994018553 on Zoom] on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=15&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=10&year=2021 22 October 15:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W42"/> 20:53, 18 October 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22176877 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Tech News: 2021-43]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 27 October. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff|Diff pages]] will have an improved copy and pasting experience. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Copy paste diffs|The changes]] will allow the text in the diff for before and after to be treated as separate columns and will remove any unwanted syntax. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192526] * The version of the [[w:en:Liberation fonts|Liberation fonts]] used in SVG files will be upgraded. Only new thumbnails will be affected. Liberation Sans Narrow will not change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253600] '''Meetings''' * You can join a meeting about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. News about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes will be shown. The event will take place on Wednesday, 27 October at 14:30 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/Talk to Us|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W43"/> 20:08, 25 October 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22232718 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Tech News: 2021-44]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a limit on the amount of emails a user can send each day. This limit is now global instead of per-wiki. This change is to prevent abuse. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293866] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W44"/> 20:28, 1 November 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22269406 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Tech News: 2021-45]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile IP editors are now able to receive warning notices indicating they have a talk page message on the mobile website (similar to the orange banners available on desktop). These notices will be displayed on every page outside of the main namespace and every time the user attempts to edit. The notice on desktop now has a slightly different colour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284642][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278105] '''Changes later this week''' * [[phab:T294321|Wikidata will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 11 November. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1636610400 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294321] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * In the future, unregistered editors will be given an identity that is not their [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]]. This is for legal reasons. A new user right will let editors who need to know the IPs of unregistered accounts to fight vandalism, spam, and harassment, see the IP. You can read the [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|suggestions for how that identity could work]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|discuss on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W45"/> 20:36, 8 November 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22311003 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Tech News: 2021-46]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Most [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Maximum_file_size#MAXTHUMB|large file uploads]] errors that had messages like "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>stashfailed</code></bdi>" or "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>DBQueryError</code></bdi>" have now been fixed. An [[wikitech:Incident documentation/2021-11-04 large file upload timeouts|incident report]] is available. '''Problems''' * Sometimes, edits made on iOS using the visual editor save groups of numbers as telephone number links, because of a feature in the operating system. This problem is under investigation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116525] * There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of a configuration error. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-11-10_cirrussearch_commonsfile_outage] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W46"/> 22:06, 15 November 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22338097 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Tech News: 2021-47]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. *The template dialog in VisualEditor and in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|new wikitext mode]] Beta feature will be [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|heavily improved]] on [[phab:T286992|a few wikis]]. Your [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|feedback is welcome]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W47"/> 20:02, 22 November 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22366010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Tech News: 2021-48]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W48"/> 21:15, 29 November 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22375666 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Tech News: 2021-49]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * MediaWiki 1.38-wmf.11 was scheduled to be deployed on some wikis last week. The deployment was delayed because of unexpected problems. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * At all Wikipedias, a Mentor Dashboard is now available at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MentorDashboard</nowiki></code></bdi>. It allows registered mentors, who take care of newcomers' first steps, to monitor their assigned newcomers' activity. It is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. You can learn more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How_to_configure_the_mentors%27_list|activating the mentor list]] on your wiki and about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor dashboard|the mentor dashboard project]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The predecessor to the current [[mw:API|MediaWiki Action API]] (which was created in 2008), <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=ajax</nowiki></code></bdi>, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to the corresponding API module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T42786] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An old ResourceLoader module, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>jquery.jStorage</nowiki></code></bdi>, which was deprecated in 2016, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.storage</nowiki></code></bdi> instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143034] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W49"/> 21:59, 6 December 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22413926 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Tech News: 2021-50]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There are now default [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespace#Other_namespace_aliases|short aliases]] for the "Project:" namespace on most wikis. E.g. On Wikibooks wikis, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[WB:]]</nowiki></code></bdi> will go to the local language default for the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[Project:]]</nowiki></code></bdi> namespace. This change is intended to help the smaller communities have easy access to this feature. Additional local aliases can still be requested via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|the usual process]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293839] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W50"/> 22:27, 13 December 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22441074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Tech News: 2021-51]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 10 January 2022. '''Recent changes''' * Queries made by the DynamicPageList extension (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><DynamicPageList></nowiki></code></bdi>) are now only allowed to run for 10 seconds and error if they take longer. This is in response to multiple outages where long-running queries caused an outage on all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380#7575719] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * The developers of the Wikipedia iOS app are looking for testers who edit in multiple languages. You can [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/202112 testing|read more and let them know if you are interested]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikimedia [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] hosts technical projects for the Wikimedia movement. Developers need to [[wikitech:News/Cloud VPS 2021 Purge|claim projects]] they use. This is because old and unused projects are removed once a year. Unclaimed projects can be shut down from February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2B7KYL5VLQNHGQQHMYLW7KTUKXKAYY3T/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W51"/> 22:05, 20 December 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22465395 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Tech News: 2022-02]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] A <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>oauth_consumer</code></bdi> variable has been added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] to enable identifying changes made by specific tools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298281] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#Package_Gadgets|now able to directly include JSON pages]]. This means some gadgets can now be configured by administrators without needing the interface administrator permission, such as with the Geonotice gadget. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198758] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets [[mw:Extension:Gadgets#Options|can now specify page actions]] on which they are available. For example, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|actions=edit,history</code></bdi> will load a gadget only while editing and on history pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63007] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets can now be loaded on demand with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withgadget</code></bdi> URL parameter. This can be used to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Snippets/Load JS and CSS by URL|an earlier snippet]] that typically looks like <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withJS</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withCSS</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] At wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|the Mentorship system is configured]], you can now use the Action API to get a list of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|mentor's]] mentees. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291966] * The heading on the main page can now be configured using <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin]]</span> for logged-in users and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title]]</span> for logged-out users. Any CSS that was previously used to hide the heading should be removed. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Small_wiki_toolkits/Starter_kit/Main_page_customization#hide-heading] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298715] * Four special pages (and their API counterparts) now have a maximum database query execution time of 30 seconds. These special pages are: RecentChanges, Watchlist, Contributions, and Log. This change will help with site performance and stability. You can read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IPJNO75HYAQWIGTHI5LJHTDVLVOC4LJP/ more details about this change] including some possible solutions if this affects your workflows. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297708] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|sticky header]] has been deployed for 50% of logged-in users on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions#pilot-wikis|more than 10 wikis]]. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Participate|how to take part in the project]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] begins. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W02"/> 01:23, 11 January 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22562156 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Tech News: 2022-03]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|WikiEditor]] (also known as the 2010 wikitext editor), people will now see a warning if they link to disambiguation pages. If you click "{{int:Disambiguator-review-link}}" in the warning, it will ask you to correct the link to a more specific term. You can [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages#Jan 12, 2021: Turning on the changes for all Wikis|read more information]] about this completed 2021 Community Wishlist item. * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#subscribe|automatically subscribe to all of the talk page discussions]] that you start or comment in using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|DiscussionTools]]. You will receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when another editor replies. This is available at most wikis. Go to your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]] and turn on "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263819] * When asked to create a new page or talk page section, input fields can be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating_pages_with_preloaded_text|"preloaded" with some text]]. This feature is now limited to wikitext pages. This is so users can't be tricked into making malicious edits. There is a discussion about [[phab:T297725|if this feature should be re-enabled]] for some content types. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] continues. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W03"/> 19:55, 17 January 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22620285 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Tech News: 2022-04]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The following languages can now be used with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighting]]: BDD, Elpi, LilyPond, Maxima, Rita, Savi, Sed, Sophia, Spice, .SRCINFO. * You can now access your watchlist from outside of the user menu in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]]. The watchlist link appears next to the notification icons if you are at the top of the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289619] '''Events''' * You can see the results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] and learn more about 14 tools which were selected this year. * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translate, promote]], or comment on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|the proposals]] in the Community Wishlist Survey. Voting will begin on {{#time:j xg|2022-01-28|en}}. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W04"/> 21:38, 24 January 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22644148 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Tech News: 2022-05]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] If a gadget should support the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?withgadget</code></bdi> URL parameter that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|announced]] 3 weeks ago, then it must now also specify <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>supportsUrlLoad</code></bdi> in the gadget definition ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#supportsUrlLoad|documentation]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * A change that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|announced]] last year was delayed. It is now ready to move ahead: ** The user group <code>oversight</code> will be renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in three weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections. As usual, these labels can be translated on translatewiki ([[phab:T112147|direct links are available]]) or by administrators on your wiki. '''Events''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 28 January and 11 February. The survey decides what the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W05"/> 17:42, 31 January 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22721804 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Tech News: 2022-06]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * English Wikipedia recently set up a gadget for dark mode. You can enable it there, or request help from an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrator]] to set it up on your wiki ([[w:en:Wikipedia:Dark mode (gadget)|instructions and screenshot]]). * Category counts are sometimes wrong. They will now be completely recounted at the beginning of every month. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299823] '''Problems''' * A code-change last week to fix a bug with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Live preview|Live Preview]] may have caused problems with some local gadgets and user-scripts. Any code with skin-specific behaviour for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>vector</code></bdi> should be updated to also check for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>vector-2022</code></bdi>. [[phab:T300987|A code-snippet, global search, and example are available]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W06"/> 21:15, 7 February 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22765948 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Tech News: 2022-07]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Purge|Purging]] a category page with fewer than 5,000 members will now recount it completely. This will allow editors to fix incorrect counts when it is wrong. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85696] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, the <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> function has been updated so that it does not remove the "space" character. Wikis are advised to wrap all the uses of <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> with <code dir=ltr>rmwhitespace()</code> wherever necessary to keep filters' behavior unchanged. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263024] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W07"/> 19:18, 14 February 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22821788 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Tech News: 2022-08]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[Special:Nuke|Special:Nuke]] will now provide the standard deletion reasons (editable at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]]</bdi>) to use when mass-deleting pages. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Admins and patrollers/Mass-delete to offer drop-down of standard reasons, or templated reasons.|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T25020] * At Wikipedias, all new accounts now get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] by default when creating an account. Communities are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Account_creation|update their help resources]]. Previously, only 80% of new accounts would get the Growth features. A few Wikipedias remain unaffected by this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301820] * You can now prevent specific images that are used in a page from appearing in other locations, such as within PagePreviews or Search results. This is done with the markup <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>class=notpageimage</nowiki></code></bdi>. For example, <code><nowiki>[[File:Example.png|class=notpageimage]]</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There has been a change to the HTML of Special:Contributions, Special:MergeHistory, and History pages, to support the grouping of changes by date in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva_Neue|the mobile skin]]. While unlikely, this may affect gadgets and user scripts. A [[phab:T298638|list of all the HTML changes]] is on Phabricator. '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey results]] have been published. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2022 results#leaderboard|ranking of prioritized proposals]] is also available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The software to play videos and audio files on pages will change soon on all wikis. The old player will be removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Toolforge's underlying operating system is being updated. If you maintain any tools there, there are two options for migrating your tools into the new system. There are [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Stretch deprecation|details, deadlines, and instructions]] on Wikitech. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EPJFISC52T7OOEFH5YYMZNL57O4VGSPR/] * Administrators will soon have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete]] the associated "talk" page when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option will also be available. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|a request from the 2021 Wishlist Survey]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W08"/> 19:12, 21 February 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22847768 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Tech News: 2022-09]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When searching for edits by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tags|change tags]], e.g. in page history or user contributions, there is now a dropdown list of possible tags. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Miscellaneous/Improve plain-text change tag selector|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T27909] * Mentors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|Growth Mentor dashboard]] will now see newcomers assigned to them who have made at least one edit, up to 200 edits. Previously, all newcomers assigned to the mentor were visible on the dashboard, even ones without any edit or ones who made hundred of edits. Mentors can still change these values using the filters on their dashboard. Also, the last choice of filters will now be saved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301268][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294460] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The user group <code>oversight</code> was renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. You may need to update any local references to the old name, e.g. gadgets, links to Special:Listusers, or uses of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words|NUMBERINGROUP]]. '''Problems''' * The recent change to the HTML of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tracking changes|tracking changes]] pages caused some problems for screenreaders. This is being fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298638] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Working with templates will become easier. [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Templates|Several improvements]] are planned for March 9 on most wikis and on March 16 on English Wikipedia. The improvements include: Bracket matching, syntax highlighting colors, finding and inserting templates, and related visual editor features. * If you are a template developer or an interface administrator, and you are intentionally overriding or using the default CSS styles of user feedback boxes (the classes: <code dir=ltr>successbox, messagebox, errorbox, warningbox</code>), please note that these classes and associated CSS will soon be removed from MediaWiki core. This is to prevent problems when the same class-names are also used on a wiki. Please let us know by commenting at [[phab:T300314]] if you think you might be affected. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W09"/> 22:59, 28 February 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22902593 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Tech News: 2022-10]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with some interface labels last week. It will be fixed this week. This change was part of ongoing work to simplify the support for skins which do not have active maintainers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301203] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W10"/> 21:16, 7 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22958074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Tech News: 2022-11]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Wikipedia Android app [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Communication#Updates|it is now possible]] to change the toolbar at the bottom so the tools you use more often are easier to click on. The app now also has a focused reading mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296753][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254771] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the collection of some page-view data from June 2021 to January 2022 on all wikis. This means the statistics are incomplete. To help calculate which projects and regions were most affected, relevant datasets are being retained for 30 extra days. You can [[m:Talk:Data_retention_guidelines#Added_exception_for_page_views_investigation|read more on Meta-wiki]]. * There was a problem with the databases on March 10. All wikis were unreachable for logged-in users for 12 minutes. Logged-out users could read pages but could not edit or access uncached content then. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2022-03-10_MediaWiki_availability] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * When [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message#Finding_messages_and_documentation|using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>uselang=qqx</code></bdi> to find localisation messages]], it will now show all possible message keys for navigation tabs such as "{{int:vector-view-history}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300069] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Access to [[{{#special:RevisionDelete}}]] has been expanded to include users who have <code dir=ltr>deletelogentry</code> and <code dir=ltr>deletedhistory</code> rights through their group memberships. Before, only those with the <code dir=ltr>deleterevision</code> right could access this special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301928] * On the [[{{#special:Undelete}}]] pages for diffs and revisions, there will be a link back to the main Undelete page with the list of revisions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284114] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has announced the IP Masking implementation strategy and next steps. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#feb25|announcement can be read here]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Android FAQ|Wikipedia Android app]] developers are working on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|new functions]] for user talk pages and article talk pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297617] '''Events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place as a hybrid event on 20-22 May 2022. The Hackathon will be held online and there are grants available to support local in-person meetups around the world. Grants can be requested until 20 March. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W11"/> 22:07, 14 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22993074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Tech News: 2022-12]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translations]] are available. '''New code release schedule for this week''' * There will be four MediaWiki releases this week, instead of just one. This is an experiment which should lead to fewer problems and to faster feature updates. The releases will be on all wikis, at different times, on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Release Engineering Team/Trainsperiment week|read more about this project]]. '''Recent changes''' * You can now set how many search results to show by default in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|your Preferences]]. This was the 12th most popular wish in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T215716] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Jupyter notebooks tool [[wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] has been updated to a new interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295043] '''Future changes''' * Interactive maps via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will soon work on wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions]] extension. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Kartographer-Workflows-EN/ Please tell us] which improvements you want to see in Kartographer. You can take this survey in simple English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W12"/> 16:01, 21 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23034693 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Tech News: 2022-13]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a simple new Wikimedia Commons upload tool available for macOS users, [[c:Commons:Sunflower|Sunflower]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of regular database maintenance. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301850][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W13"/> 19:54, 28 March 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23073711 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Tech News: 2022-14]] == <section begin="technews-2022-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, edits that were suggested to newcomers were not tagged in the [[{{#special:recentchanges}}]] feed. This bug has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304747] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * Starting next week, Tech News' title will be translatable. When the newsletter is distributed, its title may not be <code dir=ltr>Tech News: 2022-14</code> anymore. It may affect some filters that have been set up by some communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302920] * Over the next few months, the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" Growth feature [[phab:T304110|will become available to more Wikipedias]]. Each week, a few wikis will get the feature. You can test this tool at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth#deploymentstable|a few wikis where "Link recommendation" is already available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W14"/> 21:01, 4 April 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23097604 --> == Tech News: 2022-15 == <section begin="technews-2022-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new public status page at <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimediastatus.net/ www.wikimediastatus.net]</span>. This site shows five automated high-level metrics where you can see the overall health and performance of our wikis' technical environment. It also contains manually-written updates for widespread incidents, which are written as quickly as the engineers are able to do so while also fixing the actual problem. The site is separated from our production infrastructure and hosted by an external service, so that it can be accessed even if the wikis are briefly unavailable. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/03/31/announcing-www-wikimediastatus-net/ read more about this project]. * On Wiktionary wikis, the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W15"/> 19:44, 11 April 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23124108 --> == Tech News: 2022-16 == <section begin="technews-2022-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]). * Administrators will now have [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete the associated "Talk" page]] when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option is also available. This concludes the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|11th wish of the 2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * On [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#test-wikis|selected wikis]], 50% of logged-in users will see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Table of contents|table of contents]]. When scrolling up and down the page, the table of contents will stay in the same place on the screen. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304169] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Message boxes produced by MediaWiki code will no longer have these CSS classes: <code dir=ltr>successbox</code>, <code dir=ltr>errorbox</code>, <code dir=ltr>warningbox</code>. The styles for those classes and <code dir=ltr>messagebox</code> will be removed from MediaWiki core. This only affects wikis that use these classes in wikitext, or change their appearance within site-wide CSS. Please review any local usage and definitions for these classes you may have. This was previously announced in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|28 February issue of Tech News]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will become compatible with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions page stabilization]]. Kartographer maps will also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions] The Kartographer documentation has been thoroughly updated. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Getting_started] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/Maps] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W16"/> 23:11, 18 April 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23167004 --> == Tech News: 2022-17 == <section begin="technews-2022-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group1.dblist many wikis] (group 1), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]). * Some very old browsers and operating systems are no longer supported. Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in very old browsers like Internet Explorer 9 or 10, Android 4, or Firefox 38 or older. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306486] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W17"/> 22:56, 25 April 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23187115 --> == Tech News: 2022-18 == <section begin="technews-2022-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group2.dblist all remaining wikis] (group 2), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers are working on talk pages in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|Wikipedia app for iOS]]. You can [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9GBcHczQGLbQWTY give feedback]. You can take the survey in English, German, Hebrew or Chinese. * [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements#Status_and_next_steps|Most wikis]] will receive an [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements|improved template dialog]] in VisualEditor and New Wikitext mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296759] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306967] * If you use syntax highlighting while editing wikitext, you can soon activate a [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|colorblind-friendly color scheme]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306867] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Several CSS IDs related to MediaWiki interface messages will be removed. Technical editors should please [[phab:T304363|review the list of IDs and links to their existing uses]]. These include <code dir=ltr>#mw-anon-edit-warning</code>, <code dir=ltr>#mw-undelete-revision</code> and 3 others. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W18"/> 19:33, 2 May 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23232924 --> == Tech News: 2022-19 == <section begin="technews-2022-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see categories in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia app for Android]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73966] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem with Wikidata's search autocomplete. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307586] * Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 20 minutes, for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a problem with a database change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307647] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305217#7894966] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation#Current issues|Incompatibility issues]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] will be fixed: Deployment is planned for May 10 on all wikis. Kartographer will then be enabled on the [[phab:T307348|five wikis which have not yet enabled the extension]] on May 24. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] skin will be set as the default on several more wikis, including Arabic and Catalan Wikipedias. Logged-in users will be able to switch back to the old Vector (2010). See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|latest update]] about Vector (2022). '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place on 17 May. The following meetings are currently planned for: 7 June, 21 June, 5 July, 19 July. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W19"/> 15:22, 9 May 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23256717 --> == Tech News: 2022-20 == <section begin="technews-2022-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * Some wikis can soon use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|add a link]] feature. This will start on Wednesday. The wikis are {{int:project-localized-name-cawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-svwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place online on May 20–22. It will be in English. There are also local [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022/Meetups|hackathon meetups]] in Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Nigeria and the United States. Technically interested Wikimedians can work on software projects and learn new skills. You can also host a session or post a project you want to work on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can soon edit translatable pages in the visual editor. Translatable pages exist on for examples Meta and Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/05/12/mediawiki-1-38-brings-support-for-editing-translatable-pages-with-the-visual-editor/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W20"/> 18:58, 16 May 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23291515 --> == Tech News: 2022-21 == <section begin="technews-2022-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Administrators using the mobile web interface can now access Special:Block directly from user pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307341] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wiktionary.org/ www.wiktionary.org]</span> portal page now uses an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304629] '''Problems''' * The Growth team maintains a mentorship program for newcomers. Previously, newcomers weren't able to opt out from the program. Starting May 19, 2022, newcomers are able to fully opt out from Growth mentorship, in case they do not wish to have any mentor at all. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287915] * Some editors cannot access the content translation tool if they load it by clicking from the contributions menu. This problem is being worked on. It should still work properly if accessed directly via Special:ContentTranslation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308802] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and user scripts developers are invited to give feedback on a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy|proposed technical policy]] aiming to improve support from MediaWiki developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308686] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W21"/> 00:21, 24 May 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23317250 --> == Tech News: 2022-22 == <section begin="technews-2022-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, an <code dir=ltr>ip_in_ranges()</code> function has been introduced to check if an IP is in any of the ranges. Wikis are advised to combine multiple <code dir=ltr>ip_in_range()</code> expressions joined by <code>|</code> into a single expression for better performance. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305017] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature|IP Info feature]] which helps abuse fighters access information about IPs, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May 24, 2022|has been deployed]] to all wikis as a beta feature. This comes after weeks of beta testing on test.wikipedia.org. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at most wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:mw:Special:ApiHelp/query+usercontribs|list=usercontribs API]] will support fetching contributions from an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks#Non-technical explanation|IP range]] soon. API users can set the <code>uciprange</code> parameter to get contributions from any IP range within [[:mw:Manual:$wgRangeContributionsCIDRLimit|the limit]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177150] * A new parser function will be introduced: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code></bdi>. It will replace existing templates named "=". It will insert an [[w:en:Equals sign|equal sign]]. This can be used to escape the equal sign in the parameter values of templates. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91154] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W22"/> 20:28, 30 May 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23340178 --> == Tech News: 2022-23 == <section begin="technews-2022-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>str_replace_regexp()</code></bdi> function can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to replace parts of text using a [[w:en:Regular expression|regular expression]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285468] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W23"/> 02:46, 7 June 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23366979 --> == Tech News: 2022-24 == <section begin="technews-2022-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * All wikis can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps. Kartographer maps now also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307348] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300471] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-abwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-acewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-adywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-akwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-alswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-amwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-anwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-angwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-astwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-atjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-avwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-aywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azbwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304548] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at Commons, Wikidata, and some other wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place today (13 June). The following meetings will take place on: 28 June, 12 July, 26 July. '''Future changes''' * By the end of July, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]] skin should be ready to become the default across all wikis. Discussions on how to adjust it to the communities' needs will begin in the next weeks. It will always be possible to revert to the previous version on an individual basis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W24"/> 16:58, 13 June 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23389956 --> == Tech News: 2022-25 == <section begin="technews-2022-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia App for Android]] now has an option for editing the whole page at once, located in the overflow menu (three-dots menu [[File:Ic more vert 36px.svg|15px|link=|alt=]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103622] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some recent database changes may affect queries using the [[m:Research:Quarry|Quarry tool]]. Queries for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>site_stats</code></bdi> at English Wikipedia, Commons, and Wikidata will need to be updated. [[phab:T306589|Read more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>user_global_editcount</code></bdi> variable can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to avoid affecting globally active users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T130439] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Users of non-responsive skins (e.g. MonoBook or Vector) on mobile devices may notice a slight change in the default zoom level. This is intended to optimize zooming and ensure all interface elements are present on the page (for example the table of contents on Vector 2022). In the unlikely event this causes any problems with how you use the site, we'd love to understand better, please ping <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]]</span> to any on-wiki conversations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306910] '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid's HTML output will soon stop annotating file links with different <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>typeof</code></bdi> attribute values, and instead use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:File</code></bdi> for all types. Tool authors should adjust any code that expects: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Image</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Audio</code></bdi>, or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Video</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273505] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W25"/> 20:18, 20 June 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23425855 --> == Tech News: 2022-26 == <section begin="technews-2022-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] API service now has self-service accounts with free on-demand requests and monthly snapshots ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/ API documentation]). Community access [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#community-access|via database dumps & Wikimedia Cloud Services]] continues. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wiktionary#lua|All Wikimedia wikis can now use Wikidata Lexemes in Lua]] after creating local modules and templates. Discussions are welcome [[d:Wikidata_talk:Lexicographical_data#You_can_now_reuse_Wikidata_Lexemes_on_all_wikis|on the project talk page]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311033] * Some global and cross-wiki services will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} at 06:00 UTC. This will impact ContentTranslation, Echo, StructuredDiscussions, Growth experiments and a few more services. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300472] * Users will be able to sort columns within sortable tables in the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233340] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (28 June). The following meetings will take place on 12 July and 26 July. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W26"/> 20:02, 27 June 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23453785 --> == Tech News: 2022-27 == <section begin="technews-2022-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>proofreadpage_source_href</code></bdi> will be removed from <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]</code></bdi> and be replaced with the variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpSourceIndexPage</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309490] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W27"/> 19:32, 4 July 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23466250 --> == Tech News: 2022-28 == <section begin="technews-2022-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], the page title is now displayed above the tabs such as Discussion, Read, Edit, View history, or More. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates#Page title/tabs switch|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] It is now possible to easily view most of the configuration settings that apply to just one wiki, and to compare settings between two wikis if those settings are different. For example: [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=jawiktionary Japanese Wiktionary settings], or [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=eswiki&compare=eowiki settings that are different between the Spanish and Esperanto Wikipedias]. Local communities may want to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting_wiki_configuration_changes|discuss and propose changes]] to their local settings. Details about each of the named settings can be found by [[mw:Special:Search|searching MediaWiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308932] *The Anti-Harassment Tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May|recently deployed]] the IP Info Feature as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature at all wikis]]. This feature allows abuse fighters to access information about IP addresses. Please check our update on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#April|how to find and use the tool]]. Please share your feedback using a link you will be given within the tool itself. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W28"/> 19:24, 11 July 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23502519 --> == Tech News: 2022-29 == <section begin="technews-2022-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The feature on mobile web for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:NearbyPages|Nearby Pages]] was missing last week. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312864] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Forum|Technical Decision Forum]] is seeking [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Community_representation|community representatives]]. You can apply on wiki or by emailing <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">TDFSupport@wikimedia.org</span> before 12 August. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W29"/> 22:59, 18 July 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23517957 --> == Tech News: 2022-30 == <section begin="technews-2022-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikibooks.org/ www.wikibooks.org]</span> and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiquote.org/ www.wikiquote.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Problems''' * Last week, some wikis were in read-only mode for a few minutes because of an emergency switch of their main database ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313383] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The external link icon will change slightly in the skins Vector legacy and Vector 2022. The new icon uses simpler shapes to be more recognizable on low-fidelity screens. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261391] * Administrators will now see buttons on user pages for "{{int:changeblockip}}" and "{{int:unblockip}}" instead of just "{{int:blockip}}" if the user is already blocked. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308570] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (26 July). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W30"/> 19:27, 25 July 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23545370 --> == Tech News: 2022-31 == <section begin="technews-2022-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Improved [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Phantom|LaTeX capabilities for math rendering]] are now available in the wikis thanks to supporting <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Phantom</code></bdi> tags. This completes part of [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Editing/Missing_LaTeX_capabilities_for_math_rendering|the #59 wish]] of the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup0.dblist Group 0]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. '''Future meetings''' * This week, three meetings about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] with live interpretation will take place. On Tuesday, interpretation in Russian will be provided. On Thursday, meetings for Arabic and Spanish speakers will take place. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W31"/> 21:21, 1 August 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23615613 --> == Tech News: 2022-32 == <section begin="technews-2022-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script|GUS2Wiki]] copies the information from [[{{#special:GadgetUsage}}]] to an on-wiki page so you can review its history. If your project isn't already listed on the [[d:Q113143828|Wikidata entry for Project:GUS2Wiki]] you can either run GUS2Wiki yourself or [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script#Opting|make a request to receive updates]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121049] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-09|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-11|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future meetings''' * The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place online from August 12–14. Don't miss [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|the pre-hacking showcase]] to learn about projects and find collaborators. Anyone can [[phab:/project/board/6030/|propose a project]] or [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|host a session]]. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Newcomers|Newcomers are welcome]]! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W32"/> 19:50, 8 August 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23627807 --> == Tech News: 2022-33 == <section begin="technews-2022-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Persian (Farsi) Wikipedia community decided to block IP editing from October 2021 to April 2022. The Wikimedia Foundation's Product Analytics team tracked the impact of this change. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Editing Restriction Study/Farsi Wikipedia|An impact report]] is now available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup1.dblist Group 1]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#4_August_2022][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312672] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W33"/> 21:08, 15 August 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23658001 --> == Tech News: 2022-34 == <section begin="technews-2022-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Two problems with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps have been fixed. Maps are no longer shown as empty when a geoline was created via VisualEditor. Geolines consisting of points with QIDs (e.g., subway lines) are no longer shown with pushpins. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292613][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308560] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * The colours of links and visited links will change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213778] '''Future changes''' * The new [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications#12 August 2022|helps newcomers get answers]]. The Editing team is enabling this tool everywhere. You can turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284489] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W34"/> 00:12, 23 August 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23675501 --> == Tech News: 2022-35 == <section begin="technews-2022-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] is available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup2.dblist Group 2]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. Please note that when this Beta feature is enabled, it may cause conflicts with some wiki-specific Gadgets. '''Problems''' * In recent months, there have been inaccurate numbers shown for various [[{{#special:statistics}}]] at Commons, Wikidata, and English Wikipedia. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315693] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation wants to improve how Wikimedia communities report harmful incidents by building the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System|Private Incident Reporting System (PIRS)]] to make it easy and safe for users to make reports. You can leave comments on the talk page, by answering the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System#Phase 1|questions provided]]. If you have ever faced a harmful situation that you wanted to report/reported, join a PIRS interview to share your experience. To sign up [[m:Special:EmailUser/MAna_(WMF)|please email]] <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:MAna (WMF)|Madalina Ana]]</span>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W35"/> 23:05, 29 August 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23725814 --> == Tech News: 2022-36 == <section begin="technews-2022-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On Special pages that only have one tab, the tab-bar's row will be hidden in the Vector-2022 skin to save space. The row will still show if Gadgets use it. Gadgets that currently append directly to the CSS id of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#p-namespaces</code></bdi> should be updated to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortletLink|mw.util.addPortletLink]]</code></bdi> function instead. Gadgets that style this id should consider also targeting <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#p-associated-pages</code></bdi>, the new id for this row. [[phab:T316908|Examples are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316908][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313409] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W36"/> 23:22, 5 September 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23757743 --> == Tech News: 2022-37 == <section begin="technews-2022-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The search servers have been upgraded to a new major version. If you notice any issues with searching, please report them on [[phab:project/view/1849/|Phabricator]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XPCTYYTN67FVFKN6XOHULJVGUO44J662] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|Syntax highlighting]] is now tracked as an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgExpensiveParserFunctionLimit|expensive parser function]]. Only 500 expensive function calls can be used on a single page. Pages that exceed the limit are added to a [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:expensive-parserfunction-category}}|tracking category]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316858] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W37"/> 01:50, 13 September 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23787318 --> == Tech News: 2022-38 == <section begin="technews-2022-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two database fields in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>templatelinks</nowiki></code></bdi> table are now being dropped: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_namespace</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_title</nowiki></code></bdi>. Any queries that rely on these fields need to be changed to use the new normalization field called <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_target_id</nowiki></code></bdi>. See <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T299417|T299417]]</span> for more information. This is part of [[w:Database normalization|normalization]] of links tables. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/U2U6TXIBABU3KDCVUOITIGI5OJ4COBSW/][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:ASarabadani_(WMF)/Database_for_devs_toolkit/Concepts/Normalization] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * In [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps, you can use icons on markers for common points of interest. On Tuesday, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons|previous icon set]] will be updated to [https://de.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Hilfe:Extension:Kartographer/Icons version maki 7.2]. That means, around 100 new icons will be available. Additionally, all existing icons were updated for clarity and to make them work better in international contexts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302861][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Update_maki_icons] '''Future changes''' * In a [[m:Content_Partnerships_Hub/Software/Volunteer_developers_discussion_at_Wikimania_2022|group discussion at Wikimania]], more than 30 people talked about how to make content partnership software in the Wikimedia movement more sustainable. What kind of support is acceptable for volunteer developers? Read the summary and [[m:Talk:Content Partnerships Hub/Software/Volunteer developers discussion at Wikimania 2022|leave your feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W38"/> <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</span> 22:16, 19 September 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23826293 --> == Tech News: 2022-39 == <section begin="technews-2022-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid clients should be updated to allow for space-separated multi-values in the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>rel</code></bdi> attribute of links. Further details are in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T315209|T315209]]</bdi>. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|Visual diffs]] will become available to all users, except at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. They should be easier to use and provide more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile] * In the [[mw:Lua/Scripting|{{ns:828}}]] namespace, pages ending with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>.json</code></bdi> will be treated as JSON, just like they already are in the {{ns:2}} and {{ns:8}} namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144475] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:30, 27 September 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23860085 --> == Tech News: 2022-40 == <section begin="technews-2022-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now show geopoints from Wikidata, via QID or SPARQL query. Previously, this was only possible for geoshapes and geolines. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307695] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints_via_QID] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2022]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 12 October. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. They should be easier to use and provide more information. (Last week's release was delayed) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>scribunto-console</code></bdi> API module will require a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Tokens|CSRF token]]. This module is documented as internal and use of it is not supported. [[phab:T212071|[5]]] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikimedia projects. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#Deployment_plan_and_timeline|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:23, 4 October 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23885489 --> == Tech News: 2022-41 == <section begin="technews-2022-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * On some wikis, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps in full size view will be able to display nearby articles. After a feedback period, more wikis will follow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316782][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W41"/> 14:08, 10 October 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23912412 --> == Tech News: 2022-42 == <section begin="technews-2022-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The recently implemented feature of [[phab:T306883|article thumbnails in Special:Search]] will be limited to Wikipedia projects only. Further details are in [[phab:T320510|T320510]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Data_Across_Wikimedia/Search_Improvements] * A bug that caused problems in loading article thumbnails in Special:Search has been fixed. Further details are in [[phab:T320406|T320406]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.loadJsonData|mw.loadJsonData()]]</code></bdi> to load data from JSON pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217500] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can enable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Strict_library|require( "strict" )]]</code></bdi> to add errors for some possible code problems. This replaces "[[wikidata:Q16748603|Module:No globals]]" on most wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209310] '''Future changes''' * The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated at most wikis. The "{{int:discussiontools-replylink}}" button will look different after this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320683] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:46, 17 October 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23943992 --> == Tech News: 2022-43 == <section begin="technews-2022-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]]. * On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]]. '''Problems''' * Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] * Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list] * Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]</bdi>. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]]. * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 24 October 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23975411 --> == Tech News: 2022-44 == <section begin="technews-2022-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997] * In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for "{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818] * It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817] * It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815] * It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:15, 31 October 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23977539 --> == Tech News: 2022-45 == <section begin="technews-2022-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592] '''Problems''' * Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:32, 8 November 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24001035 --> == Tech News: 2022-46 == <section begin="technews-2022-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]</span>, <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]</span>, and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * There will be a new link to directly "Edit template data" on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309] * Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:54, 14 November 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == Tech News: 2022-47 == <section begin="technews-2022-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]]. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 21 November 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == Tech News: 2022-48 == <section begin="technews-2022-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]). * Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327] * On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:03, 28 November 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24114342 --> == Tech News: 2022-49 == <section begin="technews-2022-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W49"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 6 December 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24151590 --> == Tech News: 2022-50 == <section begin="technews-2022-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]]. Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961] * The character <code>=</code> cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714] '''Events''' * The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W50"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 12 December 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24216570 --> == Tech News: 2022-51 == <section begin="technews-2022-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023. '''Recent changes''' * On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536] '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. * The word "{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}" is very short in some languages, such as Arabic ("<bdi lang="ar">ردّ</bdi>"). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537] '''Future changes''' * Edits can be automatically "tagged" by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063] * The Trust & Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021. '''Events''' * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W51"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:00, 20 December 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24258101 --> == Tech News: 2023-02 == <section begin="technews-2023-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349] * [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]]. * You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541] * A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use <code>matrix:</code> to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021] * You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W02"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:07, 10 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24342971 --> == Tech News: 2023-03 == <section begin="technews-2023-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in "{{int:last}}" links on page history now contain <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=prev&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi> in place of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=[revision ID]&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi>. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on <code>{{ns:1}}:</code> and <code>{{ns:3}}:</code> namespaces. These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as <code>{{ns:5}}:</code>. They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including <code>{{ns:4}}:</code> pages (e.g., at the Village Pump). You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417] *On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:10, 17 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24381020 --> == Tech News: 2023-04 == <section begin="technews-2023-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907] * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:46, 23 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24418874 --> == Tech News: 2023-05 == <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 31 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == Tech News: 2023-06 == <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == Tech News: 2023-07 == <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:48, 14 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == Tech News: 2023-08 == <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:57, 21 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == Tech News: 2023-09 == <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == Tech News: 2023-10 == <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 6 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == Tech News: 2023-11 == <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == Tech News: 2023-12 == <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:25, 21 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == Tech News: 2023-13 == <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:13, 28 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == Tech News: 2023-14 == <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 3 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == Tech News: 2023-15 == <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == Tech News: 2023-16 == <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:54, 18 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == Tech News: 2023-17 == <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:03, 24 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == Tech News: 2023-18 == <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == Tech News: 2023-19 == <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == Tech News: 2023-20 == <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == Tech News: 2023-21 == <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> 16:55, 22 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == Tech News: 2023-22 == <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:03, 29 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == Tech News: 2023-23 == <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:52, 5 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == Tech News: 2023-24 == <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:51, 12 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == Tech News: 2023-25 == <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:08, 19 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == Tech News: 2023-26 == <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 26 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == Tech News: 2023-27 == <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == Tech News: 2023-28 == <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == Tech News: 2023-29 == <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[w:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == Tech News: 2023-30 == <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == Tech News: 2023-31 == <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == Tech News: 2023-32 == <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:20, 7 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == Tech News: 2023-33 == <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:59, 15 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == Tech News: 2023-34 == <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> 15:25, 21 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == Tech News: 2023-35 == <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == Tech News: 2023-36 == <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:33, 4 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == Tech News: 2023-37 == <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:07, 11 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == Tech News: 2023-38 == <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:19, 18 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == Tech News: 2023-39 == <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == Tech News: 2023-40 == <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 3 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == Tech News: 2023-41 == <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == Tech News: 2023-42 == <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == Tech News: 2023-43 == <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:16, 23 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == Tech News: 2023-44 == <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == Tech News: 2023-45 == <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:05, 6 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == Tech News: 2023-46 == <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == Tech News: 2023-47 == <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == Tech News: 2023-48 == <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 27 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == Tech News: 2023-49 == <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 December 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == Tech News: 2023-50 == <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:12, 12 December 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == Tech News: 2023-51 == <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:17, 18 December 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == Tech News: 2024-02 == <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:19, 9 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == Tech News: 2024-03 == <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == Tech News: 2024-04 == <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:03, 23 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == Tech News: 2024-05 == <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == Tech News: 2024-06 == <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == Tech News: 2024-07 == <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:48, 13 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == Tech News: 2024-08 == <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:36, 19 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == Tech News: 2024-09 == <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == Tech News: 2024-10 == <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == Tech News: 2024-11 == <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == Tech News: 2024-12 == <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:39, 18 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == Tech News: 2024-13 == <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:56, 25 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == Tech News: 2024-14 == <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == Tech News: 2024-15 == <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 8 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == Tech News: 2024-16 == <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == Tech News: 2024-17 == <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == Tech News: 2024-18 == <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:33, 30 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == Tech News: 2024-19 == <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:44, 6 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == Tech News: 2024-20 == <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:58, 13 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == Tech News: 2024-21 == <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == Tech News: 2024-22 == <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == Tech News: 2024-23 == <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == Tech News: 2024-24 == <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == Tech News: 2024-25 == <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == Tech News: 2024-26 == <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:32, 24 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == Tech News: 2024-27 == <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == Tech News: 2024-28 == <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:31, 8 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == Tech News: 2024-29 == <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == Tech News: 2024-30 == <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:04, 23 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == Tech News: 2024-31 == <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 29 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == Tech News: 2024-32 == <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 5 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == Tech News: 2024-33 == <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 12 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == Tech News: 2024-34 == <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:54, 20 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == Tech News: 2024-35 == <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:33, 26 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == Tech News: 2024-36 == <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:07, 3 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == Tech News: 2024-37 == <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == Tech News: 2024-38 == <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:02, 17 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == Tech News: 2024-39 == <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:36, 23 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == Tech News: 2024-40 == <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:20, 30 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == Tech News: 2024-41 == <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:42, 7 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == Tech News: 2024-42 == <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 14 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == Tech News: 2024-43 == <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:52, 21 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == Tech News: 2024-44 == <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:56, 28 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == Tech News: 2024-45 == <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 4 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == Tech News: 2024-46 == <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 12 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == Tech News: 2024-47 == <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:00, 19 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == Tech News: 2024-48 == <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> nq2ltwizc48lqozpr335mcaqmkrluie 0 254658 2688886 2654977 2024-11-26T07:52:58Z 2601:282:8880:130D:BBBE:1FB7:68A6:70D1 What is your name? was written twice 2688886 wikitext text/x-wiki Here are some questions in Bengali: * What is your name? -> Apnar naam ki? (আপনার নাম কি?) * How are you? -> Apni kemon achen? (আপনি কেমন আছেন?) * What time is it? -> Ekhon somoy koto? / Koyta baje? (এখন সময় কত? / কয়টা বাজে?) * How old are you? -> Apnar boysh koto?/ Koto boysh? (আপনার বয়িস কত? / কত বয়িস?) [[Category:Bengali Language]] 01cbdcx14vd3ziy3rk0pc467tvrn23a 0 263976 2688821 2688703 2024-11-25T19:10:21Z Scogdill 1331941 2688821 wikitext text/x-wiki == Overview == [[File:Alice Keppel.jpg|thumb|alt=Painted portrait of the upper third of a woman wearing a white formal dress and large jewels|Alice Keppel, 1890s]] Freddie (Alice) Keppel is shown (right) at about 30 years old. She died (at nearly 80) of cirrhosis of the liver.<ref name=":0" /> George Keppel was the 3rd son of the Earl of Albemarle. Freddie and George Keppel were the great grandparents of Queen Camilla, who was less than a year old when they died. Freddie Keppel was [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]]'s last mistress (c. 1898–1901), an improvement over [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Daisy, Countess of Warwick]], who was not discreet and who had enemies. Because of her discretion and social skills, [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Alex, Princess of Wales]], tolerated her and allowed her to visit King Edward VII on his deathbed. She was [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]]'s last mistress, following [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Daisy, Countess of Warwick]]. Famous for her discretion and social skills, she and [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|Luís de Soveral]] were friends, and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Alex, Princess of Wales]], tolerated her and allowed her to visit King Edward VII on his deathbed. In his account of the "Social and Diplomatic Life" of Edward VII, Gordon Brook-Shepherd describes ways George and Alice Keppel's lives changed after the Prince of Wales's accession to the throne:<blockquote>For Mrs Keppel, in particular, the accession brought greater problems as well as greater privileges. It was one thing to have an Heir-Apparent for a lover but something quite different when that lover became the ruler of the British Empire. To begin with, even to move in the appropriate style at the King's side cost a great deal more money, / and money was something that neither Edward VII nor the Hon. George Keppel had to spare. Indeed, in an attempt to put extra cash into the Keppel family coffers after Alice had become the mistress of a king, her husband was obliged to go "into trade." Sir Thomas Lipton, the grocer millionaire and yachting friend of King Edward's, found a job for him in his "Buyers' Association" at No. 70–74 Wigmore Street. This, to judge from the firm's stationery on which George Keppel once wrote a business letter to [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|Soveral]], sold everything direct to the customer, from groceries, bedding and tobacco, to cartridges and coal. It also advertised "Motor Cars Bought, Sold or Exchanged," and it was about this that Keppel, prompted by his Alice, wrote to the Portuguese Minister: :"Dear Soveral, My wife tells me you contemplate buying a small motor car for use in London. May we offer our services in the matter ...? [sic] For an earl's son to be a salesman in Edwardian England was bad enough. For the salesman to be the husband of the King's official mistress was an added humiliation. Though George Keppel seems to have taken the whole situation philosophically, there were many in society who condemned him for being so much the ''mari complaisant''. As one distinguished survivor from that Edwardian age, who shall be anonymous, commented: "Had Keppel been put up for membership at some London clubs, the black balls would have come rolling out like caviare."<ref>Brook-Shepherd, Gordon. ''Uncle of Europe: The Social and Diplomatic Life of Edward VII''. London: Collins, 1975. Internet Archive: [https://archive.org/details/uncleofeurope0000unse/page/62/mode/2up?q=soveral https://archive.org/details/uncleofeurope0000unse/].</ref>{{rp|138–139}}</blockquote> == Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies == === Freddie Keppel's Friends === * [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|Luís de Soveral]] * [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Lady Sarah (Spencer-Churchill) Wilson]]<ref name=":0" /> === Freddie Keppel's Sexual Partners Outside Her Marriage === * Ernest Beckett, 2nd [[Social Victorians/People/Grimthorpe|Baron Grimthorpe]] * Humphrey Sturt, 2nd [[Social Victorians/People/Alington|Baron Alington]] * [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales | Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] == Organizations == * The inner circle of the [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Prince of Wales and King Edward VII]] of England after his accession. == Timeline == '''1891 June 1''', Alice (Freddie) [[Social Victorians/People/Edmonstone|Edmonstone]] and George Keppel married.<ref>"Alice Frederica Edmonstone." {{Cite web|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p1723.htm#i17228|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-10-05}}</ref> '''1893 December 12, Tuesday''', Freddie and George Keppel took part in [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#12 December 1893, Tuesday|tableaux vivants at the Newland Bazaar in Hull]]. They were in [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Mrs. Arthur Wilson]]'s party. '''1894 July 19, Thursday''', the Hon. George and Alice Keppel were guests at the ball following a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#19 July 1894, Thursday|dinner hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire for the Prince and Princess of Wales]] and their family. '''1895 February 1, Friday''', the Hon. George Keppel and Alice Keppel attended the [[Social Victorians/1895 Bal Poudre Warwick Castle|bal poudré at Warwick castle]]. '''1896 April 27, Monday''', Alice Keppel gave a box to [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#27 April 1896, Monday|Lady Angela St Clair Erskine and James Stewart Forbes for their wedding]]. '''1897 June 28, Monday''', the Hon. George and Alice Keppel attended [[Social Victorians/Diamond Jubilee Garden Party|the Queen's Garden Party at Buckingham Palace]], the last official event of the Diamond Jubilee. They were two of perhaps 5,000 or 6,000 people present. '''1897 July 2''', Alice and George Keppel attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House. Freddie Keppel's brother and sister-in-law, [[Social Victorians/People/Edmonstone|Sir Archibald and Lady Edmonstone]], also attended. '''1897 July 6, Tuesday''', Alice and George Keppel attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#6 July 1897, Tuesday|garden party at Devonshire House]]. No one from Victoria's or the Prince of Wales's family was present, although a number of dignitaries from around the empire were. '''1897 July 31, Saturday''', Alice and George Keppel may have attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#31 July 1897, Saturday|wedding of Mabel Caroline Wombwell and Henry R. Hohler]] and the reception afterwards, although their names are not listed. The ''Morning Post'' does list a gift from the Keppels' — "white enamel and turquoise sleeve links."<ref>"Marriage of Mr. H. R. Hohler and Miss Wombwell." ''Morning Post'' 2 August 1897, Monday: 6 [of 8], Col. 3a–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970802/067/0006 (accessed June 2019).</ref> The the [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Prince]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Princess of Wales]] did not attend or send a gift. '''1897 November 20, Saturday or so''', [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#20 November 1897, Saturday|house parties for Derby horseraces run at Epsom Downs]]. The ''Derby Mercury'' cites the ''Daily Mail'': unlike 10 years ago, "now all the smartest people go, and it is one of the most important meetings, rivalling Doncaster in popularity." The Keppels were guests at the Miller Mundy house party at Shipley Hall: "At Shipley are Sir Charles and Lady Hartopp, Mr. and Mrs. George Keppel, Mrs. de Winton, Lord Athlumney, and Mr. Sturt, among others."<ref>"Hints for Ladies. Fashion at Derby Races." ''Derby Mercury'' 24 November 1897, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000052/18971124/050/0006.</ref> '''1898''', Alice (Freddie) Keppel became the mistress of [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales |Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]]. The article on her in ''Wikipedia''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2020-06-11|title=Alice Keppel|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alice_Keppel&oldid=962041251|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Keppel.</ref> says they met in 1898, but they both were present at the Duchess of Devonshire's ball in 1897, so she likely was presented if not introduced to him; on the other hand, more than 700 people were there. '''1899 January 25, Wednesday''', the Hon. George Keppel, at least, and perhaps Freddie, was present at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#25 January 1899, Wednesday|Holderness Hunt Ball]]. '''1899 September 4, Monday,''' the Hon. George and Mrs. George Keppel were at [[Social Victorians/People/Holden#1899 September 4, Monday|the house party of Mr. E. W. Meckett, M.P., at Kirkstall Grange]] that week, held as part of the Doncaster races. '''1900 July 27, Friday''', Alice Keppel (at least) was present at a [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson#1900 July 27, Friday|dinner party for Albert Edward, Princes of Wales hosted by the Arthur Wilsons]]. George Keppel's name is not listed. == Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball == Freddie Keppel — the Hon. Mrs. George Keppel — attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] dressed as Madame de Polignac. The Hon. George Keppel attended, dressed as King Solomon. Neither appears to have been in the first supper seating, suggesting that her prominence was yet to come. Also, they did not use any of the most notable costumiers (like [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Mr. Alias|Mr. Alias]]) or couturiers (like [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Mrs. Mason|Mrs. Mason]]) who sometimes provided the press with information about or perhaps viewings of the costumes.[[File:Duchess of Polignac by E.Vigee-Lebrun (1787, Atheneum).jpg|thumb|alt=Painting of the upper half of a woman wearing a white dress with a black lacy shawl and a large straw hat over hair that is loose and lightly powdered|''Duchess of Polignac'' by Vigee-Le Brun, 1787]] === The Hon. Mrs. George Keppel === The newspapers commented on the Keppels' costumes, but no portrait of either for this ball survives. The portrait of Gabrielle, Duchess of Polignac (right), painted by Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun in 1787, shows the duchess at about 30 years old, about what Freddie Keppel was at the time of the ball. Vigée Le Brun painted several portraits of Gabrielle around this time, and in them all, Gabrielle appears informally dressed, without jewelry, so the portraits seem more intimate than official. Gabrielle's dress in this portrait is not the original for Keppel's dress — it looks post-revolutionary because of its empire waist and lightweight fabric. Arden Holt's description of Keppel's dress for ''The Queen'' (below) bears no relation to what we can see in Le Brun's portrait of Gabrielle, Duchess of Polignac. ==== Newspaper Reports of Her Costume ==== Freddie Keppel walked in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#Louis XV and XVI Period|Louis XV procession]] led by [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Daisy, Countess of Warwick]], who was dressed as Marie Antoinette. *She was "very beautiful," and, "as Madame de Polignac, wore a lovely dress of silver cloth embroidered in silver and pink gems and garlands of small roses. The bunched out over dress was of pink and silver brocade lined with apple-green satin."<ref>"Duchess of Devonshire's Fancy Ball. A Brilliant Spectacle. Some of the Dresses." London ''Daily News'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 5 [of 10], Col. 6a–6, Col. 1b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000051/18970703/024/0005 and http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000051/18970703/024/0006.</ref>{{rp|p. 6, Col. 1a}} *She was dressed as Madame de Polignac in the quadrille of the Louis XV and XVI Period.<ref name=":1">"Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." ''Morning Post'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.</ref> *"Mrs. George Keppel, as Madame de Polignac, wore a dress of silver cloth embroidered in silver and pink gems and garlands of small roses. The bunched-out over-dress was of pink and silver brocade lined with apple-green satin."<ref name=":3" />{{rp|p. 3, Col. 3c}} *"Among these [in the Countess of Warwick's Marie Antoinette quadrille] the Honourable Mrs. George Keppell looked very beautiful.... Mrs. George Keppell, as Madame de Polignac, wore a lovely dress of silver cloth embroidered in silver, and pink gems and garlands of small roses. The bunched-out over-dress was of pink and silver brocade lined with apple green satin."<ref>"The Duchess of Devonshire's Fancy Dress Ball. Special Telegram." ''Belfast News-Letter'' Saturday 03 July 1897: 5 [of 8], Col. 9 [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000038/18970703/015/0005.</ref>{{rp|p. 5, Col. 9c}} *Arden Holt's writing for ''The Queen'' is typically more trustworthy on fashion and garment construction than other, more traditional news outlets: "''Madame de Polignac'' appeared at the Devonshire House ball in the Louis XV. quadrille, represented by the Hon. Mrs George Keppel, in an old dress of the period, a rose and silver brocade handed down from that century. The [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|pouf paniers]] [sic] were lined with pale green soft satin, and faced back with wide bands of silver embroidery. The hooped petticoat was of cloth of silver worked in tinsel threads of all shades, forming a design of roses in true lovers' knots extending from the waist to the hem; at the foot it was garlanded with pink pompon [sic] roses, interlaced through the stripes of embroidery, and below this was a quaint pleating of silver lace. The low bodice was finished off with a transparent lace collar sewn with silver. The hair was powdered and dressed very high, with soft curls falling on the neck, surmounted by a pink and green ostrich feather and a small garland of roses. She wore long lace mittens."<ref>Holt, Arden. “Fancy Dress.” ''The Queen'' 31 July 1897, Saturday: 43 [of 84], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/18970731/280/0043.</ref> ==== Madame de Polignac ==== Madame de Polignac was Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron (1749–1793), known as Gabrielle.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|date=2024-10-01|title=Yolande de Polastron|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolande_de_Polastron|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolande_de_Polastron.</ref> She was a confidante and favorite of Marie Antoinette beginning in 1775, though Gabrielle was unpopular and the queen's affections were variable.<ref name=":4" /> One of Madame de Polignac's closest friends was Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. Gabrielle died of cancer in Switzerland, shortly after Marie Antoinette's execution in Paris, having fled France after the storming of the Bastille.<ref name=":4" /> === The Hon. George Keppel === George Keppel (who is early in the list for the London ''Morning Post''), walked in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#Louis XV and XVI Period|"Oriental" procession]] as King Solomon in the Suite of Men following the two Queens of Sheba (Lady Cynthia Graham and [[Social Victorians/People/Pless |Daisy, Princess of Pless]])<ref name=":1" />{{rp|7, Col. 5b}}<ref>"Ball at Devonshire House." The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.</ref> and was attended by "Messrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]."<ref name=":2" />{{rp|p. 34, Col. 3a}} He was dressed as *"King Solomon. Tunic of white silk with an elaborate border of jewels; turquoise silk robe lined with white, and a jewelled crown."<ref name=":1" />{{rp|p. 7, Col. 7b}} *"King Solomon. Tunic of white silk with an elaborate border of jewels; turquoise silk robe, lined with white, and a jewelled crown."<ref name=":3">“The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London ''Evening Standard'' 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.</ref>{{rp|p. 3, Col. 2a}} *(King Solomon), tunic of white silk, embroidered in gold, with an elaborate border on the bottom of jewels and turquoise; turquoise silk robe lined with white; jewelled headdress."<ref name=":2">“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.</ref>{{rp|p. 34, Col. 3a}} ==== King Solomon ==== Stories about King Solomon appear in Jewish, Christian, Islamic and Baháʼí traditions.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-11-04|title=Solomon|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon.</ref> The Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon with gifts and tested his wisdom, perhaps the characteristic most associated with him. The [[Social Victorians/Victorian Things#Encyclopaedia Britannica|9th edition of the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'']] does not have an article about King Solomon, although he figures in other, historical articles, like the one on Israel. == The 1895 Warwick Bal Poudré == [[File:Alice - Kostümfest.jpg|thumb|alt=Old black-and-white photograph showing a woman dressed in a long gown with a lot of ruffles|Alice Keppel, 1895?]] The Hon. George and Alice Keppel attended the Countess and Earl of Warwick's [[Social Victorians/1895 Bal Poudre Warwick Castle|February 1895 bal poudré at Warwick Castle]]. Even though no portrait of Freddie in her costume from the 1897 Duchess of Devonshire ball exists, a photograph of her in what may be her costume for at the Warwick ball does. This photograph (right), which has no provenance information, is a low-resolution digital image of a positive rather than a negative, which explains its poor quality. (The Lafayette Negative Archive [http://lafayette.org.uk/<nowiki>] and the Bassano Studio Portrait Collection [</nowiki>https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/about/photographs-collection/bassano-studio-portrait-collection<nowiki>] do not include any portraits of the Keppels.)</nowiki> According to the ''Leamington Spa Courier'', Freddie Keppel was dressed as a "Lady, time Louis XVI." at the Warwick ball and wearing a<blockquote>Gown of shell pink satin, pointed bodice, with full paniers, of antique brocade of the real deep rose shade known as du Barri sewn with silver thread and bouquets of roses. Full petticoat, of dull creamy-tinted satin, with a deep band round it of silver tissue embroidered with garlands of small leafless roses. The sleeves had long ruffles of old lace. The hair was powdered and dressed elaborately and high, with three rose du Barri feathers in it and a little cap of lace. The shoes were of pink satin, with diamond buckles.<ref>"The Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle." ''Leamington Spa Courier'' 09 February 1895, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Cols. 1a–6c [of 6] – 7, Col. 1a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006].</ref> (6, 4c)</blockquote>The description from the ''Leamington Spa Courier'' does not match the dress in this photograph in a number of particulars, at least as well as it is possible to analyze the image. The dress in the photograph is not a dress from the 18th century, and it does not appear to have "[[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|full paniers]]," although it may have the late 19th-century version of panniers — a bustle. The neckline, however, makes it look like a costume intended to look like an 18th century dress. The sleeves also have "long ruffles" of lace and, because of the [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Frou-frou|frou-frou]], also seem 18th century. Keppel's gloves cover her arm up above the elbow, an oddity that seems to clash with the long ruffles on the sleeves, which would normally emphasize the flesh. == Demographics == *Nationality: British === Residences === *1 February 1895: 2, Wilton Crescent, London<ref>"The Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle." ''Leamington Spa Courier'' 09 February 1895, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Cols. 1a–6c [of 6] – 7, Col. 1a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006].</ref> (6, Col. 4c) *30 Portman Square<ref name=":0" /> == Family == * William Coutts Keppel, 7th Earl of Albemarle (15 April 1832 – 28 August 1894)<ref>"William Coutts Keppel, 7th Earl of Albemarle." "Person Page 16514." ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe'' https://www.thepeerage.com/p1652.htm#i16514 (accessed November 2022).</ref> * Sophia Mary MacNab (5 July 1832 – 5 April 1917)<ref>"Sophia Mary MacNab." "Person Page 16517." ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe'' https://www.thepeerage.com/p1652.htm#i16517 (accessed November 2022).</ref> # Lt.-Col. Arnold Allen Cecil Keppel, 8th Earl of Albemarle (1 June 1858 – 12 April 1942) # Gertrude Mary Keppel (9 November 1859 – 7 April 1860) # Lady Theodora Keppel (11 January 1862 – 30 October 1945) # '''Hon. Sir Derek William George Keppel''' (7 April 1863 – 26 April 1944) # Lady Hilda Mary Keppel (29 August 1864 – 7 October 1955) # '''Lt.-Col. Hon. George Keppel''' (14 October 1865 – 22 November 1947) # Lady Leopoldina Olivia Keppel (14 November 1866 – 9 August 1948) # Lady Susan Mary Keppel (5 May 1868 – 26 June 1953) # Lady Mary Stuart Keppel (15 May 1869 – 21 September 1906) # Lady Florence Cecilia Keppel (24 February 1871 – 30 June 1963) *Freddie (Alice Frederica) Edmonstone Keppel (29 April 1868 – 11 September 1947)<ref name=":0" /> *George Keppel (14 October 1865 – 22 November 1947)<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-07-14|title=George Keppel (British Army officer, born 1865)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Keppel_(British_Army_officer,_born_1865)&oldid=967698366|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> #Violet Trefusis (6 June 1894 – 1 March 1970 [Wikipedia says 1972]) #Sonia Cubitt (24 May 1900 – 16 August 1986) == Also Known As == Freddie Keppel *Family name: his, Keppel; hers, Edmunstone *Freddie (Alice Frederica) Edmonstone Keppel *Alice Keppel: [https://viaf.org/viaf/62357923/ VIAF: 62357923] The Honourable George Keppel Sir Derek Keppel == Notes and Questions == # David Cannadine says of courtiers with aristocratic connections and long careers, "Sir Derek Keppel, brother of the eighth Earl of Albermarle, served every sovereign from Queen Victoria to King George VI."<ref>Cannadine, David. ''The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy''. New York: Yale University Press, 1990.</ref>{{rp|245}} # The Hon. George Keppel is #39 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]]; Hon. Mrs. George Keppel — Freddie — is #231. # Lamont-Brown, Raymond. ''Alice Keppel and Agnes Keyser: Edward VII's Last Loves''. History Press, 2013. Rpt. of ''Edward VII's Last Loves'', Sutton, 2005. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=8LQTDQAAQBAJ. # When were the Keppels presented to the Queen? == Footnotes == {{reflist}} 345vwrd7sbbv0esipwxfk42eha1bgdn 2688844 2688821 2024-11-25T23:42:39Z Scogdill 1331941 2688844 wikitext text/x-wiki == Overview == [[File:Alice Keppel.jpg|thumb|alt=Painted portrait of the upper third of a woman wearing a white formal dress and large jewels|Alice Keppel, 1890s]] Freddie (Alice) Keppel is shown (right) at about 30 years old. She died (at nearly 80) of cirrhosis of the liver.<ref name=":0" /> George Keppel was the 3rd son of the Earl of Albemarle. Freddie and George Keppel were the great grandparents of Queen Camilla, who was less than a year old when they died. Freddie Keppel was [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]]'s last mistress (c. 1898–1901), an improvement over [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Daisy, Countess of Warwick]], who was not discreet and who had enemies. Because of her discretion and social skills, [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Alex, Princess of Wales]], tolerated her and allowed her to visit King Edward VII on his deathbed. She was [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]]'s last mistress, following [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Daisy, Countess of Warwick]]. Famous for her discretion and social skills, she and [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|Luís de Soveral]] were friends, and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Alex, Princess of Wales]], tolerated her and allowed her to visit King Edward VII on his deathbed. In his account of the "Social and Diplomatic Life" of Edward VII, Gordon Brook-Shepherd describes ways George and Alice Keppel's lives changed after the Prince of Wales's accession to the throne:<blockquote>For Mrs Keppel, in particular, the accession brought greater problems as well as greater privileges. It was one thing to have an Heir-Apparent for a lover but something quite different when that lover became the ruler of the British Empire. To begin with, even to move in the appropriate style at the King's side cost a great deal more money, / and money was something that neither Edward VII nor the Hon. George Keppel had to spare. Indeed, in an attempt to put extra cash into the Keppel family coffers after Alice had become the mistress of a king, her husband was obliged to go "into trade." Sir Thomas Lipton, the grocer millionaire and yachting friend of King Edward's, found a job for him in his "Buyers' Association" at No. 70–74 Wigmore Street. This, to judge from the firm's stationery on which George Keppel once wrote a business letter to [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|Soveral]], sold everything direct to the customer, from groceries, bedding and tobacco, to cartridges and coal. It also advertised "Motor Cars Bought, Sold or Exchanged," and it was about this that Keppel, prompted by his Alice, wrote to the Portuguese Minister: :"Dear Soveral, My wife tells me you contemplate buying a small motor car for use in London. May we offer our services in the matter ...? [sic] For an earl's son to be a salesman in Edwardian England was bad enough. For the salesman to be the husband of the King's official mistress was an added humiliation. Though George Keppel seems to have taken the whole situation philosophically, there were many in society who condemned him for being so much the ''mari complaisant''. As one distinguished survivor from that Edwardian age, who shall be anonymous, commented: "Had Keppel been put up for membership at some London clubs, the black balls would have come rolling out like caviare."<ref>Brook-Shepherd, Gordon. ''Uncle of Europe: The Social and Diplomatic Life of Edward VII''. London: Collins, 1975. Internet Archive: [https://archive.org/details/uncleofeurope0000unse/page/62/mode/2up?q=soveral https://archive.org/details/uncleofeurope0000unse/].</ref>{{rp|138–139}}</blockquote> == Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies == === Freddie Keppel's Friends === * [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|Luís de Soveral]] * [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Lady Sarah (Spencer-Churchill) Wilson]]<ref name=":0" /> === Freddie Keppel's Sexual Partners Outside Her Marriage === * Ernest Beckett, 2nd [[Social Victorians/People/Grimthorpe|Baron Grimthorpe]] * Humphrey Sturt, 2nd [[Social Victorians/People/Alington|Baron Alington]] * [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales | Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] == Organizations == * The inner circle of the [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Prince of Wales and King Edward VII]] of England after his accession. == Timeline == '''1891 June 1''', Alice (Freddie) [[Social Victorians/People/Edmonstone|Edmonstone]] and George Keppel married.<ref>"Alice Frederica Edmonstone." {{Cite web|url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p1723.htm#i17228|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-10-05}}</ref> '''1893 December 12, Tuesday''', Freddie and George Keppel took part in [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#12 December 1893, Tuesday|tableaux vivants at the Newland Bazaar in Hull]]. They were in [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Mrs. Arthur Wilson]]'s party. '''1894 July 19, Thursday''', the Hon. George and Alice Keppel were guests at the ball following a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#19 July 1894, Thursday|dinner hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire for the Prince and Princess of Wales]] and their family. '''1895 February 1, Friday''', the Hon. George Keppel and Alice Keppel attended the [[Social Victorians/1895 Bal Poudre Warwick Castle|bal poudré at Warwick castle]]. '''1896 April 27, Monday''', Alice Keppel gave a box to [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#27 April 1896, Monday|Lady Angela St Clair Erskine and James Stewart Forbes for their wedding]]. '''1897 June 28, Monday''', the Hon. George and Alice Keppel attended [[Social Victorians/Diamond Jubilee Garden Party|the Queen's Garden Party at Buckingham Palace]], the last official event of the Diamond Jubilee. They were two of perhaps 5,000 or 6,000 people present. '''1897 July 2''', Alice and George Keppel attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House. Freddie Keppel's brother and sister-in-law, [[Social Victorians/People/Edmonstone|Sir Archibald and Lady Edmonstone]], also attended. '''1897 July 6, Tuesday''', Alice and George Keppel attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#6 July 1897, Tuesday|garden party at Devonshire House]]. No one from Victoria's or the Prince of Wales's family was present, although a number of dignitaries from around the empire were. '''1897 July 31, Saturday''', Alice and George Keppel may have attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#31 July 1897, Saturday|wedding of Mabel Caroline Wombwell and Henry R. Hohler]] and the reception afterwards, although their names are not listed. The ''Morning Post'' does list a gift from the Keppels' — "white enamel and turquoise sleeve links."<ref>"Marriage of Mr. H. R. Hohler and Miss Wombwell." ''Morning Post'' 2 August 1897, Monday: 6 [of 8], Col. 3a–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970802/067/0006 (accessed June 2019).</ref> The the [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Prince]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Princess of Wales]] did not attend or send a gift. '''1897 November 20, Saturday or so''', [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#20 November 1897, Saturday|house parties for Derby horseraces run at Epsom Downs]]. The ''Derby Mercury'' cites the ''Daily Mail'': unlike 10 years ago, "now all the smartest people go, and it is one of the most important meetings, rivalling Doncaster in popularity." The Keppels were guests at the Miller Mundy house party at Shipley Hall: "At Shipley are Sir Charles and Lady Hartopp, Mr. and Mrs. George Keppel, Mrs. de Winton, Lord Athlumney, and Mr. Sturt, among others."<ref>"Hints for Ladies. Fashion at Derby Races." ''Derby Mercury'' 24 November 1897, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000052/18971124/050/0006.</ref> '''1898''', Alice (Freddie) Keppel became the mistress of [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales |Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]]. The article on her in ''Wikipedia''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2020-06-11|title=Alice Keppel|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alice_Keppel&oldid=962041251|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Keppel.</ref> says they met in 1898, but they both were present at the Duchess of Devonshire's ball in 1897, so she likely was presented if not introduced to him; on the other hand, more than 700 people were there. '''1899 January 25, Wednesday''', the Hon. George Keppel, at least, and perhaps Freddie, was present at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#25 January 1899, Wednesday|Holderness Hunt Ball]]. '''1899 September 4, Monday,''' the Hon. George and Mrs. George Keppel were at [[Social Victorians/People/Holden#1899 September 4, Monday|the house party of Mr. E. W. Meckett, M.P., at Kirkstall Grange]] that week, held as part of the Doncaster races. '''1900 July 27, Friday''', Alice Keppel (at least) was present at a [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson#1900 July 27, Friday|dinner party for Albert Edward, Princes of Wales hosted by the Arthur Wilsons]]. George Keppel's name is not listed. == Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball == Freddie Keppel — the Hon. Mrs. George Keppel — attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] dressed as Madame de Polignac. The Hon. George Keppel attended, dressed as King Solomon. Neither appears to have been in the first supper seating, suggesting that her prominence was yet to come. Also, they did not use any of the most notable costumiers (like [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Mr. Alias|Mr. Alias]]) or couturiers (like [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Mrs. Mason|Mrs. Mason]]) who sometimes provided the press with information about or perhaps viewings of the costumes.[[File:Duchess of Polignac by E.Vigee-Lebrun (1787, Atheneum).jpg|thumb|alt=Painting of the upper half of a woman wearing a white dress with a black lacy shawl and a large straw hat over hair that is loose and lightly powdered|''Duchess of Polignac'' by Vigee-Le Brun, 1787]] === The Hon. Mrs. George Keppel === The newspapers commented on the Keppels' costumes, but no portrait of either for this ball survives. The portrait of Gabrielle, Duchess of Polignac (right), painted by Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun in 1787, shows the duchess at about 30 years old, about what Freddie Keppel was at the time of the ball. Vigée Le Brun painted several portraits of Gabrielle around this time, and in them all, Gabrielle appears informally dressed, without jewelry, so the portraits seem more intimate than official. Gabrielle's dress in this portrait is not the original for Keppel's dress — it looks post-revolutionary because of its empire waist and lightweight fabric. Arden Holt's description of Keppel's dress for ''The Queen'' (below) bears no relation to what we can see in Le Brun's portrait of Gabrielle, Duchess of Polignac. ==== Newspaper Reports of Her Costume ==== Freddie Keppel walked in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#Louis XV and XVI Period|Louis XV procession]] led by [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Daisy, Countess of Warwick]], who was dressed as Marie Antoinette. *She was "very beautiful," and, "as Madame de Polignac, wore a lovely dress of silver cloth embroidered in silver and pink gems and garlands of small roses. The bunched out over dress was of pink and silver brocade lined with apple-green satin."<ref>"Duchess of Devonshire's Fancy Ball. A Brilliant Spectacle. Some of the Dresses." London ''Daily News'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 5 [of 10], Col. 6a–6, Col. 1b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000051/18970703/024/0005 and http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000051/18970703/024/0006.</ref>{{rp|p. 6, Col. 1a}} *She was dressed as Madame de Polignac in the quadrille of the Louis XV and XVI Period.<ref name=":1">"Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." ''Morning Post'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.</ref> *"Mrs. George Keppel, as Madame de Polignac, wore a dress of silver cloth embroidered in silver and pink gems and garlands of small roses. The bunched-out over-dress was of pink and silver brocade lined with apple-green satin."<ref name=":3" />{{rp|p. 3, Col. 3c}} *"Among these [in the Countess of Warwick's Marie Antoinette quadrille] the Honourable Mrs. George Keppell looked very beautiful.... Mrs. George Keppell, as Madame de Polignac, wore a lovely dress of silver cloth embroidered in silver, and pink gems and garlands of small roses. The bunched-out over-dress was of pink and silver brocade lined with apple green satin."<ref>"The Duchess of Devonshire's Fancy Dress Ball. Special Telegram." ''Belfast News-Letter'' Saturday 03 July 1897: 5 [of 8], Col. 9 [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000038/18970703/015/0005.</ref>{{rp|p. 5, Col. 9c}} *Arden Holt's writing for ''The Queen'' is typically more trustworthy on fashion and garment construction than other, more traditional news outlets: "''Madame de Polignac'' appeared at the Devonshire House ball in the Louis XV. quadrille, represented by the Hon. Mrs George Keppel, in an old dress of the period, a rose and silver brocade handed down from that century. The [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|pouf paniers]] [sic] were lined with pale green soft satin, and faced back with wide bands of silver embroidery. The hooped petticoat was of cloth of silver worked in tinsel threads of all shades, forming a design of roses in true lovers' knots extending from the waist to the hem; at the foot it was garlanded with pink pompon [sic] roses, interlaced through the stripes of embroidery, and below this was a quaint pleating of silver lace. The low bodice was finished off with a transparent lace collar sewn with silver. The hair was powdered and dressed very high, with soft curls falling on the neck, surmounted by a pink and green ostrich feather and a small garland of roses. She wore long lace mittens."<ref>Holt, Arden. “Fancy Dress.” ''The Queen'' 31 July 1897, Saturday: 43 [of 84], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/18970731/280/0043.</ref> ==== Madame de Polignac ==== Madame de Polignac was Yolande Martine Gabrielle de Polastron (1749–1793), known as Gabrielle.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|date=2024-10-01|title=Yolande de Polastron|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolande_de_Polastron|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolande_de_Polastron.</ref> She was a confidante and favorite of Marie Antoinette beginning in 1775, though Gabrielle was unpopular and the queen's affections were variable.<ref name=":4" /> One of Madame de Polignac's closest friends was Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. Gabrielle died of cancer in Switzerland, shortly after Marie Antoinette's execution in Paris, having fled France after the storming of the Bastille.<ref name=":4" /> === The Hon. George Keppel === George Keppel (who is early in the list for the London ''Morning Post''), walked in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#Louis XV and XVI Period|"Oriental" procession]] as King Solomon in the Suite of Men following the two Queens of Sheba (Lady Cynthia Graham and [[Social Victorians/People/Pless |Daisy, Princess of Pless]])<ref name=":1" />{{rp|7, Col. 5b}}<ref>"Ball at Devonshire House." The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.</ref> and was attended by "Messrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]."<ref name=":2" />{{rp|p. 34, Col. 3a}} He was dressed as *"King Solomon. Tunic of white silk with an elaborate border of jewels; turquoise silk robe lined with white, and a jewelled crown."<ref name=":1" />{{rp|p. 7, Col. 7b}} *"King Solomon. Tunic of white silk with an elaborate border of jewels; turquoise silk robe, lined with white, and a jewelled crown."<ref name=":3">“The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London ''Evening Standard'' 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.</ref>{{rp|p. 3, Col. 2a}} *(King Solomon), tunic of white silk, embroidered in gold, with an elaborate border on the bottom of jewels and turquoise; turquoise silk robe lined with white; jewelled headdress."<ref name=":2">“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.</ref>{{rp|p. 34, Col. 3a}} ==== King Solomon ==== Stories about King Solomon appear in Jewish, Christian, Islamic and Baháʼí traditions.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-11-04|title=Solomon|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon.</ref> The Queen of Sheba visited King Solomon with gifts and tested his wisdom, perhaps the characteristic most associated with him. The [[Social Victorians/Victorian Things#Encyclopaedia Britannica|9th edition of the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'']] does not have an article about King Solomon, although he figures in other, historical articles, like the one on Israel. == The 1895 Warwick Bal Poudré == [[File:Alice - Kostümfest.jpg|thumb|alt=Old black-and-white photograph showing a woman dressed in a long gown with a lot of ruffles|Alice Keppel, 1895?]] The Hon. George and Alice Keppel attended the Countess and Earl of Warwick's [[Social Victorians/1895 Bal Poudre Warwick Castle|February 1895 bal poudré at Warwick Castle]]. Even though no portrait of Freddie in her costume from the 1897 Duchess of Devonshire ball exists, a photograph of her in what may be her costume for at the Warwick ball does. This photograph (right), which has no provenance information, is a low-resolution digital image of a positive rather than a negative, which explains its poor quality. (The Lafayette Negative Archive [http://lafayette.org.uk/<nowiki>] and the Bassano Studio Portrait Collection [</nowiki>https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/about/photographs-collection/bassano-studio-portrait-collection<nowiki>] do not include any portraits of the Keppels.)</nowiki> According to the ''Leamington Spa Courier'', Freddie Keppel was dressed as a "Lady, time Louis XVI." at the Warwick ball and wearing a<blockquote>Gown of shell pink satin, pointed bodice, with full paniers, of antique brocade of the real deep rose shade known as du Barri sewn with silver thread and bouquets of roses. Full petticoat, of dull creamy-tinted satin, with a deep band round it of silver tissue embroidered with garlands of small leafless roses. The sleeves had long ruffles of old lace. The hair was powdered and dressed elaborately and high, with three rose du Barri feathers in it and a little cap of lace. The shoes were of pink satin, with diamond buckles.<ref>"The Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle." ''Leamington Spa Courier'' 09 February 1895, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Cols. 1a–6c [of 6] – 7, Col. 1a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006].</ref> (6, 4c)</blockquote>The description from the ''Leamington Spa Courier'' does not match the dress in this photograph in a number of particulars, at least as well as it is possible to analyze the image. The dress in the photograph is not a dress from the 18th century, and it does not appear to have "[[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|full paniers]]," although it may have the late 19th-century version of panniers — a bustle. The neckline, however, makes it look like a costume intended to look like an 18th century dress. The sleeves also have "long ruffles" of lace and, because of the [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Frou-frou|frou-frou]], also seem 18th century. Keppel's gloves cover her arm up above the elbow, an oddity that seems to clash with the long ruffles on the sleeves, which would normally emphasize the flesh. == Demographics == *Nationality: British === Residences === *1 February 1895: 2, Wilton Crescent, London<ref>"The Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle." ''Leamington Spa Courier'' 09 February 1895, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Cols. 1a–6c [of 6] – 7, Col. 1a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006].</ref> (6, Col. 4c) *30 Portman Square<ref name=":0" /> == Family == * William Coutts Keppel, 7th Earl of Albemarle (15 April 1832 – 28 August 1894)<ref>"William Coutts Keppel, 7th Earl of Albemarle." "Person Page 16514." ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe'' https://www.thepeerage.com/p1652.htm#i16514 (accessed November 2022).</ref> * Sophia Mary MacNab (5 July 1832 – 5 April 1917)<ref>"Sophia Mary MacNab." "Person Page 16517." ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe'' https://www.thepeerage.com/p1652.htm#i16517 (accessed November 2022).</ref> # Lt.-Col. Arnold Allen Cecil Keppel, 8th Earl of Albemarle (1 June 1858 – 12 April 1942) # Gertrude Mary Keppel (9 November 1859 – 7 April 1860) # Lady Theodora Keppel (11 January 1862 – 30 October 1945) # '''Hon. Sir Derek William George Keppel''' (7 April 1863 – 26 April 1944) # Lady Hilda Mary Keppel (29 August 1864 – 7 October 1955) # '''Lt.-Col. Hon. George Keppel''' (14 October 1865 – 22 November 1947) # Lady Leopoldina Olivia Keppel (14 November 1866 – 9 August 1948) # Lady Susan Mary Keppel (5 May 1868 – 26 June 1953) # Lady Mary Stuart Keppel (15 May 1869 – 21 September 1906) # Lady Florence Cecilia Keppel (24 February 1871 – 30 June 1963) *Freddie (Alice Frederica) Edmonstone Keppel (29 April 1868 – 11 September 1947)<ref name=":0" /> *George Keppel (14 October 1865 – 22 November 1947)<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-07-14|title=George Keppel (British Army officer, born 1865)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Keppel_(British_Army_officer,_born_1865)&oldid=967698366|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> #Violet Trefusis (6 June 1894 – 1 March 1970 [Wikipedia says 1972]) #Sonia Cubitt (24 May 1900 – 16 August 1986) == Also Known As == Freddie Keppel *Family name: his, Keppel; hers, Edmunstone *Freddie (Alice Frederica) Edmonstone Keppel *Alice Keppel: [https://viaf.org/viaf/62357923/ VIAF: 62357923] The Honourable George Keppel Sir Derek Keppel == Notes and Questions == # David Cannadine says of courtiers with aristocratic connections and long careers, "Sir Derek Keppel, brother of the eighth Earl of Albermarle, served every sovereign from Queen Victoria to King George VI."<ref>Cannadine, David. ''The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy''. New York: Yale University Press, 1990.</ref>{{rp|245}} # The Hon. George Keppel is #39 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]]; the Hon. Mrs. George Keppel — Freddie — is #231. # Lamont-Brown, Raymond. ''Alice Keppel and Agnes Keyser: Edward VII's Last Loves''. History Press, 2013. Rpt. of ''Edward VII's Last Loves'', Sutton, 2005. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=8LQTDQAAQBAJ. # When were the Keppels presented to the Queen? # George Keppel was attended by "Messrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]." == Footnotes == {{reflist}} cnhnhe6radsdgtuv9j4c27xu8a4rs57 0 264335 2688818 2680074 2024-11-25T18:37:01Z Scogdill 1331941 /* The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper */ 2688818 wikitext text/x-wiki = Newspapers and Magazines = See also the page collecting [[Social Victorians/People/Working in Publishing|people who worked in publishing and journalism]]: publishers, journalists (including "[[Social Victorians/People/Working in Publishing#Journalists|Aristocratic Lady Journalists]]"), illustrators, editors, proprietors, and so on. Magazines and less-frequently published periodicals are [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Magazines and Other Periodicals|later on this page]]. == Periodicals That Published Society and London Gossip (Mitchell's) == *The Argus *The Bookman *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Court Journal: Gazette of the Fashionable World, Literature, Music and the Fine Arts|The Court Journal: Gazette of the Fashionable World, Literature, Music and the Fine Arts]] *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The (London) Echo|The (London) Echo]] *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Fashionable London: An Illustrated Journal for Ladies|Fashionable London: An Illustrated Journal for Ladies]] *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Gentlewoman: The Illustrated Weekly Journal for Gentlewomen|The Gentlewoman: The Illustrated Weekly Journal for Gentlewomen]] *Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle *The Isle of Wight Guardian *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Lady|The Lady]] *The Lady's Magazine (La Moniteur de la Mode) [about class rather than gossip] *The Lady's World (see [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Woman's World|The Woman's World]]) *The Licensed Victualler's Mirror *Observer *The Owl *The People *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper|The Queen, the Lady's Newspaper]] *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality|The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality]] *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Society|Society]] *St. James's Budget *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The St. James's Gazette|The St. James's Gazette]] *The Stage *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Vanity Fair|Vanity Fair]] *Warder and Dublin Weekly Mail *Waverley *The Weekly Sun *The Western Weekly Mercury *Whitehall Review *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Woman's World|The Woman's World]] *Wrexham Argus and North Wales Athlete The Central Press, a press agency, says it provides "Lobby Gossip" (Mitchell's 188) and "Society Gossip" (Mitchell's 304). == Papers from Outside the U.K. That Played a Role == *''The Beacon'' (in Poona, India) *''Mercure de France'' *''Overland Mail'' (written for India; special edition for China) *The New York ''Herald'' (9 March 1858–31 January 1920; British Library DSC Shelfmark 6089.303000n) *The Paris ''Temps'' (British Library DSC Shelfmark 8790.050000) == Other Newspapers == * [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Belfast News-Letter|The Belfast News-Letter]] * ''The Echo (''1868–) (British Library DSC Shelfmark 3647.367450n) * ''The Glasgow Herald'' (26 August 1805–) * [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper|Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper]] * [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The London Daily News|The London Daily News]] * London ''Daily Telegraph'' (1855–),<blockquote>founded by Joseph Moses Levy in a market in which there were ten newspapers, so he made his paper less expensive than the rest. Very quickly it was outselling the ''Times.'' In its early days, under the editorship of Levy and his employees, the paper supported liberal causes and governmental reform. It also sensationalized its stories. Some headlines from the 1850s included the following: "A Child Devoured by Pigs," "Extraordinary Discovery of Man-Woman in Birmingham," "Shocking Occurrence: Five Men Smothered in a Gin Vat." In keeping with its sensationalistic approach, the paper focused on crime and court reporting. In the 1870s, the leadership on the paper was politically conservative. Edwin Arnold was editor, and he was not replaced until 1899. In the early 1880s a reporter on the paper helped solve a murder on a train. The murderer was identified by the first portrait block published in a newspaper, and he was subsequently convicted and executed. The paper would have been associated with investigative journalism. (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JreynoldsN.htm; link no longer works, server gone) (ISSN 03071235. British Library DSC Shelfmark 3512.450000f)</blockquote>In 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' says that the ''Daily Telegraph''<nowiki/>'s politics were liberal, the "Latest Time for Ads." was 7 p.m., and the "Time Published" was 5 a.m.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|56}} <blockquote>DAILY TELEGRAPH. I''d''. Established June, 20, 1855. P<small>RINCIPLES</small>: Liberal. The ''Daily Telegraph'', a morning journal which, while thoroughly devoted to the large interests of the Liberal cause, has not unfrequently taken an independent course on the merits of particular questions. Over and above its recognized political position as the popular exponent of Liberal views, it has acquired an unequalled celebrity through the promptitude, the fulness, and the variety of its telegraphic advices; the enterprise which its conductors have shown when events of great national or international interest demanded early and ample description; and the novelty and freshness of the social articles, which are a constant feature of the paper, both in its leading columns and elsewhere. The popularity and influence of the ''Daily Telegraph'' are alike very great. Published by Archibald Johnstone, 135, Fleet Street, E.C.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|59}}</blockquote> * The London ''Evening News''.<blockquote>The ''Evening News'' joined the highly competitive group of London daily newspapers in 1894 when it was purchased by journalist Alfred Harmsworth. Under Harmsworth the newspaper was successful and rather sensationalistic, with illustrations and headlines like "Was It Suicide or Apoplexy?, Another Battersea Scandal, Bones in Bishopgate, Hypnotism and Lunacy and Killed by a Grindstone" (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.ul/Jevening.htm [link no longer works, server gone]). Harmsworth claimed in November 1894 that his newpaper had the largest circulation in the world — 394,447 — and that the only reason the sales were below half a million copies was the number of printing presses he owned. When his daughter was born in January 1889, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]] put the announcement in the ''Evening News'': "CONAN DOYLE. On the 28th instant, at Bush Villa, Elm Grove, Mrs Conan Doyle, wife of A. Conan Doyle MD, of a daughter" (Stavert 136).</blockquote> * [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#London Standard and the London Evening Standard|The London Standard and Evening Standard]] * The [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Man of Ross|Man of Ross]] * ''The National Observer'' * ''Reynold's Weekly Newspaper'' <blockquote>had, by the end of the century, been a fixture in London journalism for many years and was, in its own words, "devoted to the cause of freedom and in the interests of the enslaved masses." Founded in 1850, it owed some of its very large circulation to its price — George William Reynolds lowered the price from 4 shillings to a penny in 1864, and by 1875 its circulation was 350,000 a week. When Reynolds died in 1894, the paper was taken over by liberal M.P. James Henry Dalziel, who "brought in several new features including a women's page, serial stories, words and music of popular songs and help finding missing relatives and friends" (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.ul/JreynoldsN.htm; link no longer works, server gone).</blockquote> * ''The Scottish Leader'' (3 January 1887 – 4 July 1894?) * ''The Star'', <blockquote>founded in 1887 by politically radical journalist and Irish nationalist T. P. O'Connor. ''The Star'' hired writers for their radical beliefs. Assistant editor H. W. Massingham also hired well-known writers for their talents and names. He knew [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] and hired him to be an assistant leader-writer. Reporter Ernest Clarke is remembered by O'Connor in his ''Memoirs'' like this: "He might be trusted to work up any sensational news of the day, and helped, with [his coverage of] Jack the Ripper, to make gigantic circulations hitherto unparalleled in evening journalism" (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/; link no longer works, server gone).</blockquote> * The [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Star of Guernsey|Star of Guernsey]] * The ''St. James's Gazette'' * [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Westminster Gazette|Westminster Gazette]] === The Belfast News-Letter === The ''Belfast News-Letter'' began publication in 1737<ref name=":0">MJH/MaT [Matthew James Huggins/Matthew Taunton]. "Belfast News-Letter (1737–)." ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland''. Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, gen. eds. Gent: Academia Press; London: The British Library, 2009: 44, Col. 2b – 45, Col. 1a.</ref>{{rp|44, Col. 2b}}; by the second half of the 19th century it reported local news and "dedicated an unusual amount of column inches to literary* matters for a newspaper and printed sports'* reports, articles on horticulture and gardening*, and pieces detailing the latest developments in ladies' fashion."<ref name=":0" />{{rp|45, Col. 1a; asterisks sic, references to articles in the book}} It came out on Wednesday and Saturdays and cost 4d.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|44, Col. 2b}} ===The (London) Daily News=== In 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' says that the ''Daily News''<nowiki/>'s politics were liberal, the "Latest Time for Ads." was 7 p.m., and the "Time Published" was 5 a.m.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|55}}. <blockquote>Daily News. 1d. Established Jan. 21, 1846. Principles: Liberal and Independent. It is very ably conducted in every department; and neither in its politics or literature, its domestic or foreign news, its English, American, or Continental correspondence and telegrams, yields the palm to any of its contemporaries. Its literary, dramatic, and musical articles are distinguished by great ability. Published by T. Britton, 19, 20, 21, Bouverie Street; (Office for Advertisements) 67, Fleet Street, W.C. (Advt. p. 32.)<ref name=":2" /> (58)</blockquote> ''Daily News'' ad in ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'', 1895: <blockquote>Daily News Office,<br> 67, Fleet Street, London.<br> 1895.<br> Important to Advertisers.<br> The Daily News<br> Has<br> The Largest Circulation<br> Of Any Liberal Paper in the World.<br> The Daily News is now the leading Liberal organ. It has the largest circulation of any liberal paper in the world, and is, therefore, the best channel for Advertisements of every description.<br> [C. Mitchell & Co., Advertising Agents and Contractors, 12 and 13, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London, E.C.] (32).</blockquote> The ''Daily News'' was edited by Charles Dickens early on. Editor William Black "retired from journalism" in 1876 (Brake Demoor 57 a–b). Conservative Edward Tyas Cook was editor between 1895 and 1901, when he was dismissed by the new owners, the Cadbury family. Henry Labouchere was part-proprietor beginning in 1868 (Brake Demoor 338a). According to ''The Life of Henry Labouchere'', which is quoting ''Fifty Years of Fleet Street: The Life and Recollections of Sir John Robinson'', <blockquote> Sir John Robinson thus describes the syndicate of which Mr. Labouchere became a member: "The proprietors of the Daily News, a small syndicate which never exceeded ten men, were a mixed body, hardly any two of whom had anything in common. The supreme control in the ultimate resort rested with three of them, Mr. Henry Oppenheim, the well-known financier, with politics of no very decided kind; Mr. Arnold Morley, a Right Honourable, an ex-party Whip, / and a typical ministerial Liberal; and Mr. Labouchere, the Radical, financier, freelance. Others had but a small holding, and practically did not count, save as regards any moral influence they might bring to brea on their colleagues at Board meetings."{{rp|Thorold 95–96}}</blockquote> Labouchere sold his share in 1895 (Thorold 96): <blockquote>On Mr. Gladstone's withdrawal from public life," he wrote in ''Truth'', "the party, or rather a majority of the officialdom of the party became tainted with Birmingham imperialism. My convictions did not allow me to be connected with a newspaper which supported a clique of intriguers that had captured the Liberal ship, and that accepted blindly these intriguers as the representatives of Liberalism in regard to our foreign policy.</blockquote> It looks like when Robinson stepped down, the proprietors were Oppenheim and Morley until the paper was sold to the next syndicate, which included George Cadbury{{rp|Thomas 380}}. === The (London) Echo === According to the 1895 Mitchell's, the ''Echo'' was an evening paper and in its quick overview says,<blockquote>ECHO. Daily, 1''d''. Established December, 1868. P<small>RINCIPLES</small>: Liberal Unionist. It contains, in a condensed form, all the news of the day — devoting much space to "city matters," and giving details of all "business done" on the Stock Exchange. The ''Echo'' comments fearlessly on politics and statesmen. It endeavours to promote the national welfare. It strives to secure peace, to enforce economy, and to uphold a national policy enlightened by universal education. Published at 22, Catherine Street. W.C. (Advt., p. 247.)<ref name=":2" />{{rp|60, Col. 1b}}</blockquote> The advertisement says,<blockquote>Echo. Established Quarter of a Century. <small>FAVOURITE EVENING PAPER FOR FAMILY READING</small>. Largest London Circulation. The <small>ECHO</small> is a daily newspaper and review, containing, in a condensed form, all the news of the day, in anticipation of the following day's morning paper. The <small>ECHO</small> is now acknowledged to be one of the best mediums for advertisers. In addition to its having the largest London circulation, (which on occasions reaches almost 300,000 [? the 3 is not clear]), its convenient size, and the excellent arrangement of its advertisements, ensure all the announcements appearing in its columns being brought directly under the notice of its very large number of readers. The <small>ECHO</small>, price One Halfpenny, can be obtained of any news agents in town or country, or a copy will be sent post-free to any address in the United Kingdom, at the rate of One Penny daily, viz., 26s. for twelve months; 13s. for six months; or 6.6d. for three months. P.O. Orders to be made payable to J. Passmore Edwards, 22, Catherine-st., Strand, London, W.C.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|246, Col. 2b}}</blockquote> === Fashionable London: An Illustrated Journal for Ladies === 1892–? The British Library may have a run; the Bodleian seems to as well. ===The Gentlewoman: The Illustrated Weekly Journal for Gentlewomen=== According to the 1895 Mitchell's, ''The Gentlewoman''<blockquote>Illustrated weekly newspaper for ladies, with a very Iarge and increasing circulation all over the kingdom, on the continent, in America and the colonies tinent, in America and the colonies, amongst the best and public most wealthy class.</blockquote> *According to an ad in the 1905 Newspaper Press Directory, the Gentlewoman was a weekly published on Thursday (NPD 1905 94). *It was a women's (ladies') magazine. *1890–1926 *The address was 70–76 Long Acre, London, W.C. (NPD 1905 94). *It carried illustrated interviews: <quote>the subject was often an aristocratic woman and the interview was as much about the decor and furnishings of her home as about her own achievements. These interviews blended with the advice on furnishing and house decoration which became increasingly popular feature in all kinds of magazines for women at this time. They also exploited the techniques of the new journalism to suggest an intimacy with the great and famous into whose most private rooms the reader was allowed to look</quote> (Beetham and Boardman 59). <blockquote>Gentlewoman (The). Thursday, 6d.<br> Established 1890. Illustrated weekly newspaper for ladies, with a very large and increasing circulation all over the kingdom, on the Continent, in America and the Colonies, amongst the best and most wealthy class.<br> Published at 70–76, Long Acre, W.C. (Advt., p. 96.)</blockquote>{{rp|NPD 1905 71}}. [IMG] (Who's Who 55 31) ===The Graphic=== According to the 1895 Mitchell's Newspaper Directory, ''The Graphic'' was a weekly, published on Fridays, which sold for 6d. Its description read as follows: <blockquote>Principles: Independent. An admirably illustrated journal, combining "Literary excellence with artistic beauty." The illustrations are in the first style of art. The literary portion of the paper is admirable in its arrangement, and a series of essays and notices on the topics of the day add greatly to its attractive character. Stories by popular authors appear weekly, illustrated by eminent artists.<ref name=":2" /> (68)</blockquote> It was "of small folio size (15.5in x 11.5in), with 3 cols of letterpress..., featuring at least 20 engravings mainly of larger size."<ref name=":6">Law, Graham. "The Illustrated London News and The Graphic." ''The Illustrated London News (1842-1901) and The Graphic (1869-1901)''. Retrieved September 2023. https://victorianfictionresearchguides.org/the-illustrated-london-news-and-the-graphic/.</ref> By the late 1890s, it had grown to 32 pages and had a number of supplements.<ref name=":6" /> The ''Graphic'' had a ladies' column in the 1890s and 1900s written by Lady Violet Greville, "Place aux Dames":<blockquote>Lady Violet claimed, when offered the ''Graphic'' job, that all her suggestions for subject-matter — art, literature, theatre, dress — were rejected on the grounds that they already had writers for those topics — and she should just write whatever she liked! She clearly did, earning the compliment from fellow journalist Mary Billington, (who eventually ran the "women's department" at the ''Daily Telegraph'') that as a writer she combined "daring, brilliancy, and romance":. In particular she championed the cause of sports for women.<ref name=":5" /></blockquote>See the paragraph under the ''[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Illustrated London News|Illustrated London News]]'' about Florence Fenwick-Miller and Violet Greville's roles in articulating the subtle differences between the ''Graphic'' and the ''Illustrated London News'' on the topic of the New Woman. ==== Proprietors, Publishers, Printers, Editors ==== William Luson Thomas was Managing Director between 1869 and 1900.<ref name=":6" /> E. J. Mansfield at 190, Strand, was publisher between 1869 and 1893; E. J. Mansfield at 190, Strand, was publisher (and at 12, Milford Lane, printer) between 1894 and 1895; G. R. Parker & A. F. Thomas at 190, Strand, were publishers and at 12, Milford Lane printers.<ref name=":6" /> Chief editors were Arthur Locker (1870–1891) and T. H. Joyce (1891–1906).<ref name=":6" /> (Edmund Yates must not have been a chief editor.) In 1890 William Luson Thomas, the same proprietor, spun off a ''Daily Graphic''.<ref>BM [Brian Maidment]. "Thomas, William Luson (1830–1900)." ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland''. Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, gen. eds. Gent: Academia Press; London: The British Library, 2009: 623, Col. 2b.</ref> ==== Circulation ==== ''The Graphic'' reported that regular issues in the 1880s occasionally had runs of 250,000, and "Christmas numbers for 1881, 1882 [of] more than 500,000."<ref name=":6" /> ==== ''The Graphic'' Digitized ==== * At the Hathi Trust: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000533840 * British Newspaper Archive: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?exactsearch=false&retrievecountrycounts=false&newspapertitle=the%2bgraphic ==== Reading for ''The Graphic'' ==== * Korda, Andrea. ''Printing and Painting the News in Victorian London: The Graphic and Social Realism, 1869–1891''. Ashgate, 2015; Routledge, 2017. ===The Illustrated London News=== The ''Illustrated London News'' was a weekly published on Saturday and costing 6 pence after 1871.<ref name=":6" /> The ''Victorian Fiction Research Guide'' says about the ''Illustrated London News'',<blockquote>by far the most successful of the metropolitan weeklies was a Saturday journal starting up in May 1842, whose most distinctive feature was that it was the first British newspaper to give priority to pictures.<ref name=":4">Law, Graham. "Introduction." ''The Illustrated London News (1842-1901) and The Graphic (1869-1901)''. Retrieved September 2023. https://victorianfictionresearchguides.org/the-illustrated-london-news-and-the-graphic/introduction/.</ref></blockquote>And that by the 1890s it was 32 pages, "small folio size (15.5in x 11.5in), with 3 cols of letterpress," with "over 50 [engravings] from half-column to double-page size.<ref name=":6" /><p> Florence Fenwick-Miller wrote a "Ladies Column," later renamed to "Ladies' Page," for the ''Illustrated London News'':<blockquote>Florence Fenwick-Miller’s weekly ‘Ladies Column’ in ''The Illustrated London News'' and its equivalent in ''The Graphic'', Lady Violet Greville’s ‘Place aux Dames’, form a fascinating contrast. In brief, Fenwick-Miller in ''The Illustrated London News'' takes a progressive line on the suffrage and marriage questions, celebrating a victory for women’s rights in the Jackson/Clitheroe judgement (which denied the authority of the husband to hold his wife against her will, 4 April 1891, 452), yet remains an enthusiastic advocate of the latest feminine fashions from Paris. On the death of Emily Faithful, Fenwick-Miller praises her work as a publisher while criticizing the manliness of her costume (15 June 1895, 750). Greville in ''The Graphic'' opposes electoral or marriage reform, but is in favour of paid work, active athleticism, and rational dress for women – she sees the enfranchisement of women in Australia as the ‘thin end of the wedge’ (25 Nov 1893, 659), but demands that ‘where women do equally good work with men their wages should be the same’ (15 Sept 1894, 306).<ref name=":4" /></blockquote> ==== Proprietors, Publishers, Printers, Editors ==== William J. Ingram & Charles L. N. Ingram were the proprietors between 1872 and 1905 and the publishers and printers between 1884 and 1905.<ref name=":6" /> Chief editors were John Lash Latey (1863-1890), C. K. Shorter (1891-1900) and Bruce S. Ingram (1900-1963).<ref name=":6" /> ==== Circulation ==== The circulation was attested at 123,000 in 1854, with larger runs (as reported by the ''Illustrated London News'') of 310,000 for the issue about the marriage of the Prince of Wales in 1863 (''The Illustrated London News,'' 13 May 1967, 42–3) and of more than 500,000 for holiday issues in the 1880s.<ref name=":6" /> ==== Availability ==== The ILN can be found in Google Books: *Vol. 32, 1858 (https://books.google.com/books?id=FNFCAQAAIAAJ) *Vol. 33, 1858 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ps9CAQAAIAAJ) *Vol. 35, 1859 (https://books.google.com/books?id=3NNCAQAAIAAJ) *Vol. 39, 1861 (https://books.google.com/books?id=V4g-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 40, 1862 (https://books.google.com/books?id=yIY-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 41, 1862 (https://books.google.com/books?id=xmQjAQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 42, Jan–June 1863 (https://books.google.com/books?id=yoVUAAAAcAAJ or https://books.google.com/books?id=PWUjAQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 45, 1864 (https://books.google.com/books?id=8ok-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 46, 1865 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ToY-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 47, 1865 (https://books.google.com/books?id=rYk-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 89, 1886 (https://books.google.com/books?id=R4o-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 91, 1887 (https://books.google.com/books?id=JIo-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 92, 1888 (https://books.google.com/books?id=joo-AQAAMAAJ) === The Ladies Field === 1898–1922. The British Newspaper Archive does not have this periodical digitized (as of January 2024). === The Lady === The 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' says ''The Lady'' was composed on a Linotype machine.<ref name=":2" /> (255, Col. 1a) It was published on Wednesdays.<blockquote>LADY. Wednesday. 3''d''. Established February 19, IRRi The ''Lady'' deals with the many subjects in which Iadies are interested fully and completely. Home dress-making, household management, social news, information, hints, and advice, all find place in its pages. It is admirably illustrated with fashions, dresses, &c. Published at 39 & 40, Bedford St., Strand, W.C. (Advt., p. 250.)<ref name=":2" />{{rp|71, Col. 1a}}</blockquote> An advertisement in ''Mitchell's'' for ''The Lady'' says,<blockquote>The Best Ladies' Newspaper. The Lady. Weekly, price Three pence. THE LADY has articles in each issue devoted to the Toilet, the Fashions of Dress, Home Decoration, the Accomplishments, the Social and Domestic Life, Travel for Pleasure and Health, the Household in its many aspects; and numerous other interesting features. A large staff of competent writers, artists, and practical administrators are engaged in each department, with the result that THE LADY is admitted to be best, cheapest, and most useful ladies' journal ever produced. The Terms for Advertisements may be had on application. London — THE LADY Offices, 39–40. Bedford-street and Maiden-lane, Strand. W.C.<ref name=":2" /> (250, Col. 1b)</blockquote>Begun in 1885,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-08-23|title=The Lady (magazine)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Lady_(magazine)&oldid=1171891113|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lady_(magazine).</ref> the ''Lady'' is still being published, and old issues are not available in a digitized form. The current magazine has a mechanism for getting access to back issues, but they are all 21st-century issues. === Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper === 1842–1931. Edited by Thomas Catling 1884–1906.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|date=2023-09-02|title=Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lloyd%27s_Weekly_Newspaper&oldid=1173436602|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%27s_Weekly_Newspaper.</ref> "On 16 February 1896, ''Lloyd’s Weekly'' became the only British newspaper in the nineteenth century to sell more than a million copies."<ref name=":7" /> === The London Gazette === An official journal of record for the government of the U.K., the London Gazette has detailed coverage of official social events — like weddings of the royal family, for example, and granting of awards and honors. * Front page: https://www.thegazette.co.uk. * Number 23720, 24 March 1871, is a supplement detailing the wedding of [[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise|Princess Louise]] and John Campbell, Marquis of Lorne (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23720/) * Number 26869, 2 July 1897, records nothing about the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] because nothing official occurred because of it (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/26869/page/3637). === The Man of Ross === Also, ''The Man of Ross, Forest of Dean, and West of England Advertiser''. A conservative newspaper that came out on Saturday, 1d. (one penny).<ref name=":2" />{{rp|145, Col. 1b}} The 1895 Mitchell's says of Ross, Herefordshire,<blockquote>A market town, with iron and coal-mines in the neighbourhood, and extensive iron and tinplate-works about six miles distant. The district is rural and the population (9,651) is engaged in mining and agricultural pursuits.<ref name=":2" /> (145, Col. 1b)</blockquote>Of the Man of Ross newspaper, Mitchell's says,<blockquote>Gives the local and general news of the week, with a varied, useful, and entertaining miscellany of general information, and original articles. P<small>ROPRIETOR</small> — John Counsell.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|145, Col. 1b}}</blockquote> ===The (London) Morning Post=== In 1879, Mitchell's Press Directory described the Morning Post as follows: <blockquote>MORNING POST. Daily, 3d. Established 1772. Principles: High Church and Whig. The Post is not merely a political newspaper, it is the fashionable chronicle and journal of the Beau Monde. Few events occur in the higher circles, to which publicity can consistently be given, which are not reported in its columns. Its news department is full and complete; its reports impartial, and well written; and its criticisms on books, music, pictures, and science are considered as authorities. Its correspondents are numerous; and those in the colonies especially are evidently well informed upon all questions that form the subjects of public discussion of government policy. It is an able and consistent advocate of the principles of the "High Church" party, as distinguished from the "Evangelical" section of the Church; but it does not favour the doctrines of the Ritualistic party. Published by F. W. Smith, Wellington Street, W.C. (Gliserman [11])</blockquote> Brake and Demoor say the ''Morning Post'' was taken over by Peter Borthwick in 1849 and bought by his son Algernon Borthwick, who had been editor as well, in 1879. In 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' says that the ''Morning Post'''s politics were conservative, the "Latest Time for Ads." was 10 a.m., and the "Time Published" was 3 p.m.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|55}}. Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor's ''Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland'' says the following: <blockquote>The editorship was taken over by Peter Borthwick in 1849, the start of a family connection that was to last until 1924. On Borthwick's death in 1852, the editorship passed to his son Algernon Borthwick, who bought the paper in 1876, and consolidated its imperialist* and conservative tone. He also continued its interest in sporting* matters, particular racing. When he took over the paper, its circulation had declined to under 3,000 (compared to a circulation of The Times of 40,000.) He reduced the price* from 3d to 1d and increased its circulation. During his editorship, leader writers included Andrew Lang* and Alfred Austin*. William E. Henley*, Thomas Hardy* and Rudyard Kipling contributed verse while George Meredith was its special correspondent during the Italian wars* of liberation from Austria. Borthwick, now Lord Glenesk, died in 1908 and his family sold the paper in 1924. It merged* with the Daily Telegraph* in 1937. JRW Sources: Griffiths 1992, Hindle 1937, ODNB. (Brake and Demoor 427; asterisks sic, references to articles in the book)</blockquote> In Mitchell's 1906 ''Newspaper Press Directory'', the ''Morning Post'' is described as follows: <blockquote>Morning Post. Daily, 1d. Established 1772. Principles: Unionist. The Morning Post is the oldest daily newspaper existing in London. It gives special attention to fashionable and foreign news, and is also noted for its full and accurate reports of Parliamentary proceedings. As a medium for announcements which it is desired to bring before the notice of the high and wealthy classes, the Morning Post cannot be surpassed. Published by E. E. Peacock, Aldwych, W.D. (Advt. p. 88.)<br> Tele. Nos.<br> Strand (5432 Gerrard.<br> (13553 P.O. Central<br> Aldwych, 13501 P.O. Central<br> City Office, 5522 Avenue. (NPD 1905: 62; identical description in Mitchell 1896 58)</blockquote> ''Willing's British and Irish Press Guide'' for 1891 describes the Morning Post like this: <blockquote>MORNING POST, 1772. (c) Daily — 3 a.m. 1d. T. L. Coward, 12 Wellington Street, W.C. Political, general, and fashionable newspaper. (Willing's 1891: 79)</blockquote> Willing's also classifies the ''Morning Post'' as a family newspaper.{{rp|135}} <blockquote>Sell's Dictionary of the World's Press says this in 1886: Dating its birth back to the year 1772, this paper can boast of being the oldest political daily newspaper existing in London. Its career has ben a very distinguished and interesting one; and among its contributors it has numbered Southey, Wordsworth, Sir James Mackintosh and others. Coleridge was for some time its editor, and Charles Lamb contributed witty paragraphs. From its commencement it has been most ably conducted, and its criticisms on plays, music, and books are excellent. The special features of the Morning Post are its fashionable and foreign news, to which it gives special [127/128] prominence. Nothing of interest occurs in the upper circles of society that is not recorded in its columns, and everything which can interest the beau monde receives notice. The circulation of the Morning Post, though not so great as some of its contemporaries, is a very good one, being chiefly among fashionable and wealthy circles. This paper is consequently well adapted for the advertising of articles de luxe and good possessing first-class workmanship and artistic merit, the sale of which is almost entirely confined to persons to whom the cost is of secondary importance. Compared with the other "dailies" the advertising charges of the Morning Post are moderate. Till within the last two years this paper was published at threepence, but now its price is the general one of a penny, a reduction which has already increased its sale tenfold.{{rp|127–128}}</blockquote> Advertising prices for the Morning Post from the Newspaper Press Dictionary (NPD 1905: 88), found in Google Books: [IMG] ====The ''Morning Post'' in Fiction==== When Major Pendennis moves to the country in Thackeray's 1864 novel, "he will miss seeing his name in the Morning Post on the day after each of the 'great London entertainments'" (Hampton, Mark. Visions of the Press in Britain, 1850–1950. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2004: 23). Gwendolyn in Wilde's ''The Importance of Being Earnest'' says she will announce her engagement in the ''Morning Post''. In a discussion of parodies of newspaper journalism, Patrick Leary says, "Punch frequently ran such parodies, beginning quite early on in the 1840s. The obsequiousness of the Morning Post (or "The Fawning Post," as Douglas Jerrold liked to call it) was a favorite target." (Leary). ====Some Important Writers, Contributors, Editors, Etc.==== *C. J. (Charles James) Dunphie was art and theatre critic 1856–1908 (Brake and Demoor 186) *William A. Barrett was "chief music* critic on the Morning Post* (1866–1891)" (Brake and Demoor 39) *Algernon Borthwick founded a "society magazine" called The Owl (Brake and Demoor 67) *Florence Caroline Douglas Dixie, war correspondent in the Boer War, 1897 (Brake and Demoor 172) *Rudyard Kipling *Benjamin Disraeli, before Borthwick took over (Brake and Demoor 427) *Andrew Lang, occasional contributor (Brake and Demoor 346) *Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, Viscount Northcliffe (Brake and Demoor 270) *William E. Henley (Brake and Demoor 427) *Alfred Austin (Brake and Demoor 427) *Thomas Hardy (Brake and Demoor 427) *George Meredith (Brake and Demoor 427) *Winston Churchill (Brake and Demoor 412) ===The Pall Mall Gazette=== Mitchell's classifies the ''Pall Mall Gazette'' as an evening paper.<ref name=":2" /> (p. 60, Col. 1b) The ''Pall Mall Gazette'' ran a "ladies' column" called the "Wares of Autolycus"<blockquote>from May 1893 to the end of 1898, appearing most days of the week, and drawing on a group of female journalists, notably Alice Maynell, to cover between them literature, gardening, fashion, home decor, good food, and society news. But though constructed in gossip column form, its aesthetic and literary standards lifted it well above the level of the average contemporary gossip column.<ref name=":5">Onslow, Barbara. "The Ladies' Page." ''Victorian Page: The Web Magazine of Victoriana'' http://www.victorianpage.com/VictorianPage-Ladiespage-womensmagazines.html (accessed April 2017).</ref></blockquote>Both [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] wrote for the ''Pall Mall Gazette'', which was edited by W. T. Stead. Shaw wrote book reviews. Special issues of the ''Pall Mall Gazette'' published some investigative journalism Stead did, "The Maiden Tribute to the Modern Babylon," about selling girls for sexual slavery (which lead to the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1885). ===The Pictorial World=== The Pictorial World was an illustrated weekly newspaper that published between 7 March 1874 and 9 July 1892, or perhaps a new series began in 1891 (conflicting library records). According to its first issue, <blockquote> The Programme of The Pictorial World may be given in a few words. It is to present to the great middle-class of England, and of all English-speaking countries, a weekly illustrated record of passing events, which shall be pure in tone, amusing in its contents, and graceful to the eye— a paper which will depict faithfully with pen and pencil both "what the world says" and "what the world does." In The Pictorial World authors and artists will work together— each will inspire the other; and the cut-and-dried style of article shall be as much as possible avoided. It will therefore largely depend upon external help and kindnesses, and will open its pages to interesting sketches, far-brought novelties, and hints from friends at home and abroad. Such, in brief outline, is our wish and plan: we offer this first number as an earnest of our desire to carry it out; our succeeding numbers will show a progressive improvement. Appealing for public support, we look confidently to the future. (1884-03-07 Pictorial World) </blockquote> Lady Violet Greville says she wrote anonymously or pseudonymously for the ''Pictorial World'' (1894-04-04 Sketch 5, Col. 1C), perhaps shortly after it began publication. Mary Elizabeth Braddon published ''The Golden Calf'' in the ''Pictorial World'', 1882–1883. George Robert Sims published a series called "How the Poor Live" beginning in 1883. ===The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper=== The weekly newspaper (published on Saturdays) ''Queen'' was marketed to women in the "upper ten thousand," an expression originally used for American Society but later translated to the U.K. Through a couple of major changes, the last major one of which occurred in 1970, what was the ''Queen'' is now ''Harper's Bazaar''. A column called "The Upper Ten Thousand at Home and Abroad" appeared regularly by the end of the 19th century detailing the movements and social events of the royals, aristocracy, political leaders and plutocrats. Adern Holt seems to have been the major writer for fashion, at least in 1897. Mitchell's ''Newspaper Press Directory, 1895'' has this for its entry for the ''Queen'': <blockquote>Q<small>UEEN</small>. Saturday, 6''d''. Established 1861. P<small>RINCIPLES</small>: Neutral. It is particularly intended for ladies' reading, as it provides that which ladies have hitherto so much needed in this country; the ''earliest'' colored fashion-plates from Paris, and original work-patterns by the best designers. It has many novel departments, in which ladies communicate useful observations and criticisms. "Pastimes," "Domestic and Rural Economy," and "Domestic Pets," are also included; and a large space is given to "Receipts" for family use. Pastimes for ladies, a charade, a novel, or a sprightly sketch, vary the contents. Court and fashionable news are fully reported and the paper is well illustrated. Published by Horace Cox, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. (Advt., p. 252.)<ref name=":2" />{{rp|75}}</blockquote>The ad for the ''Queen'' in Mitchell's ''Newspaper Press Directory, 1895'' looks like this: <blockquote>Queen, the Lady's Newspaper. This newspaper is the great organ of the ladies of the upper classes in Great Britain. The latest Paris and other fashions are given every week, together with patterns and descriptions of the newest work, illustrated in the best style of art. The following list will show the chief features of the paper: — [what follows is a 2-column list with a vertical rule between the 2 columns, which break after "Society in Paris" and before "Work of all kinds."] :Leaders on interesting and current topics :The Exchange :Dramatic critiques :Paris and other fashions :Gleanings from new books :The boudoir :The housekeeper :The opera, concerts, &c. :Society in Paris :Work of all kinds :Plants and flowers :Recipes of all kind :New music :Natural History :Court news :Pastimes :New books :Literary and artistic gossip. The QUEEN is also the great medium through which tradesmen and others bring their announcements prominently before the upper ten thousand. These advertisements comprise, among other subjects — dress and fashion, country wants, governesses, schools, books, furniture, pastimes, domestic wants, music, toilet requisites, servants, &c. In addition to the above, the QUEEN presents a monthly coloured fashion sheet and monthly coloured work patterns, a monthly cut paper pattern, and illustrations (coloured and plain) of all new fancy work, domestic inventions, fashions, &c. Prince 6c.; stamped 6 1/2d.; yearly subscription, pain in advance, 28s.; half yearly, 14s.; quarterly, 7s. Specimen copy post free for six stamps. Published every Saturday by Horace Cox, Bream's-buildings, Chancery-lane.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|252, Col. 3a}}</blockquote> === Society === In a posting on the Victoria listserv, Patrick Leary says,<blockquote>According to the ''Waterloo Directory'', the penny weekly magazine ''Society'' ran from 1878 to 1890.  The editor was George Plant, and it was printed by Unwin Brothers.  The entry lists [illustrator] Phil May as a contributor. I couldn't find the journal online — that generic title is hard to zero in on — but the British Library has a full run of the paper; the Bodleian has a partial one.   <p> Fox-Bourne's history of the press has a little bit more about ''Society'' here https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uga1.32108003235689&seq=325.<ref>Leary, Patrick. "Re: [VICTORIA] Phil May." ''Victoria: The Online Discussion Forum for Victorian Studies.'' 14 July 2024.</ref></blockquote>In a reply to the same thread on the Victoria listserv, Richard Fulton says,<blockquote>The ''Union List of Victorian Serials'' lists ''Society'' as running under that title from 12 mar 1880 to 31 Aug 1901. It also notes that the magazine started out life in 1879 as the ''Mail Budget''.<ref>Fulton, Richard. "Re: [VICTORIA] Phil May." ''Victoria: The Online Discussion Forum for Victorian Studies.'' 15 July 2024.</ref></blockquote> === The (London) Standard and Evening Standard === The London ''Standard'' was the first of these two newspapers, founded in 1827.<ref name=":3">JRW [John Richard Wood]. "''Standard'' (1827–1916)." ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland''. Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, gen. eds. Gent: Academia Press; London: The British Library, 2009: 596, Col. 2c – 597, Col. 1a.</ref>{{rp|596, Col. 2c}} An advertisement in Mitchell's for "The Standard, Morning and Evening," says that it is "the leading daily newspaper" and<blockquote>contains full Parliamentary, Law, Police, and Commercial Intelligence, together with Critiques on all noteworthy productions in the worlds of Art, Literature, Music, and the Drama, and a carefully-revised Epitome of the general News of the day.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|81}}</blockquote> Addresses: 103, 104 and 105 Shoe Lane and 23 Bride Street, London, E.C. ==== London Standard ==== The London ''Standard'' became a daily paper in 1857. In the 19th century, the ''Standard'' and the ''Morning Standard'' are the same paper. ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' says of the London ''Standard'',<blockquote>in 1878 the paper passed into the control and editorship of William Heseltine Mudford and by the mid-1880's the / Standard had become a powerful force in conservative journalism* with a circulation of 250,000. Its leader* writers included Alfred Austin* and Thomas Escott*. George Alfred Henty, the author of stories for boys, was its war* correspondent*.<ref name=":3" />{{rp|596, Col. 2c – 597, Col. 1a; asterisks sic, references to articles in the book}}</blockquote> The 1895 ''Mitchell''<nowiki/>'s says,<blockquote>S<small>TANDARD</small>. Daily, 1''d''. Established as a Morning Paper, June 29, 1857. P<small>RINCIPLES</small>: Conservative. While maintaining Conservative principles, ''The Standard'' reserves the right to apply those principles to the questions of the day, without regard to party politics, or special devotion to the views of party leaders. On all political questions it is remarkably impartial in the admission to its columns of letters from any man whose position gives him a right to speak, be his views what they may. In the matter of Parliamentory news ''The Standard'' is the one London Penny Journal that has not adopted the system of very abridged reports. The paper has of late paid great attention to foreign correspondence: more particularly such as is forwarded by telegraph from all parts of the world. In literary and dramatic criticism it exercises a careful selection of productions worthy of notice for praise or blame; but the complete display of '''him''' and foreign news is its chief distinguishing feature. Reports relating to markets, racing, cricket, and boating are very fully given. Published by A. Gibbs, 104, Shoe Lane, E.C. (Advt., p. 81)<ref name=":2">Mitchell, Charles. ''Newspaper Press Directory, 1895''. [Hathi Trust via U Wisconsin Madison.] London: C. Mitchell & Co., 1895. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015085486150 (accessed January 2023).</ref>{{rp|60, Col. 1b}}</blockquote> ==== London Evening Standard ==== ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' says, "The ''Evening Standard'' was issued as a sister newspaper [of the London ''Standard''] in 1860."<ref name=":3" />{{rp|596, Col. 2c}}. From Brake and Demoor: The ''Pall Mall Gazette'': "only to be dissolved in 1923 into Lord Beaverbrook's ''Evening Standard''" (478, Col. 1c). The ''Standard'': "the paper was acquired by C. Arthur Pearson* in 1904, when its circulation was 80,000. The ''Standard'' ceased publication in 1916, but the ''Evening Standard'' continued"{{rp|597, Col. 1a}}. The 1895 Mitchell's says,<blockquote>E<small>VENING STANDARD</small>. Daily, 1''d'', Estab. 1827. P<small>RINCIPLES</small>: Conservative. Under the same management as the Standard published in the morning. Published by A. Gibbs, 104, Shoe Lane, E.C. (Advt., p. 81.)<ref name=":2" /> (60, Col. 1c)</blockquote>An advertisement for the ''Evening Standard'' says that although it was an evening paper, it published 4 editions, the last (or "Latest") must have been very late:<blockquote>Published four times daily, gives the Day's Law, '''Police''', Markets, Commercial Meetings, Stock Exchange Quotations, &c. The Latest or "S<small>PECIAL</small>" Edition contains, in addition, the Day's Racing, and (during the Parliamentary Session) a full Summary of the Debates in both Houses of Parliament.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|81}}</blockquote> === The Star of Guernsey === Not to be confused with the radical paper ''The Star'', the ''Star of Guernsey'', as the 1895 Mitchell's says,<blockquote>Is published every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, price 1d., or by post 1¹/₂d. to any part of the United Kingdom, France, and most parts of the Continent.<p> The STAR circulates very extensively through the Channel Islands, and large numbers are sent to the United Kingdom, the Colonies, France and America, it is, therefore, an excellent medium for advertisers.<ref name=":2" /> (315, Col. 3a)</blockquote>The proprietors were Marquand & Co. STAR Office, Guernsey. === The St. James's Gazette === The 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' says the ''St. James's Gazette'' was published at 3:00 p.m.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|56a}}<blockquote>S<small>T. JAMES'S GAZETTE</small>. 1''d''. Established 1880. The ''St. James's Gazette'' is an independent and progressive Conservative newspaper, which, while consistently supporting constitutional principles, the maintenance of the empire, and the supremacy of the law in every portion of the dominions of the Crown, is in favour of moderate and ordered reform. It gives with point, brevity, and accuracy all the most important news of the day, the latest money market reports, racing news, Parliamentary Intelligence, Police News, Foreign Telegrams, &c. Special attention is given to American, Continental, and Indian Intelligence. Published at Dorset Street, Whitefriars.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|60, Col. 2b}}</blockquote> ===Sussex Agricultural Express=== The ''Sussex Agricultural Express'', in describing a social event in which the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire, as Mayor and Mayoress, decorated Devonshire House again, refers to some of the men who worked for the Duke and Duchess in January 1898: "Mr. J. P. Cockerell, the Duke of Devonshire's indefatigable agent called to his aid a willing and competent staff from Compton Place, including Mr. W. S. Lawrence, the house steward, and Mr. May, the gardener."<ref>"Sunday School Festival: Speech by the Duke." ''Sussex Agricultural Express'' 29 January 1898, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 5b–6a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000654/18980129/182/0007.</ref> === Vanity Fair === Not the American magazine, a society magazine (7 November 1868 – 5 February 1914).<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-12-26|title=Vanity Fair (British magazine)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)&oldid=1191870176|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine).</ref> The caricature portraits<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2022-06-01|title=List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures&oldid=1090963973|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures.</ref> of famous men and, occasionally, women were and continue to be an important contribution by this magazine, by people like Spy and Drawl (Leslie Ward) and Max Beerbohm, including other notable artists. ===The Times=== The 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' includes the ''Times'' among the morning papers: <blockquote>The Times. Daily, 3d. Established January 1, 1788, (weekly edition, 2d., established January, 1877.) Principles: Church of England in religion; Free Trade in mercantile and commercial transactions. This, the leading journal of Europe, has for the field of its circulation, emphatically, the WORLD, and its influence is co-extensive with civilization. The connection is clear between the circulation and the advertisements. Not so clear is the relation between the circulation and the influence: to some extent the influence may be the effect; but chiefly, we suspect, the cause. The consciousness that thousands upon thousands read, creates some impression, an idea which may be to some extent the source of influence and of power. But there is in the influence of the Times something more substantial, more potent, than can be accounted for by the mere consciousness of its enormous circulation; it is "looked up to" all over Europe, and it is the only paper which men of all parties, and all classes, read and speak of. Other papers may be more preferred by particular classes, but all read the Times, who can; just because it is not possible to predicate its course on any question as regulated by the interest of any party or class: and it is known that it always acts on views of its own. It deals out its denunciations with equal force and freedom on all parties in their turn, with a boldness and decision quite characteristic; but not unfrequently, with great indifference to the consistency of its opinions. Hence all parties are uncertain what next they may exult in, a fiery storm invective against their antagonists or suffer the infliction themselves. It is distinguished for its reports of parliamentary and legal proceedings. It does not devote much of its space to literature and the fine arts; but its reviews and criticisms are forcibly and cleverly written. Published by G. E. Wright Printing House Square, E.C.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|57}}</blockquote> Costing 3d. per daily issue, the "Latest Time for Ads." for the ''Times'' was 7 p.m., and the "Time Published" was 5 a.m.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|56}} === Westminster Gazette === George Newnes founded the ''Westminster Gazette'' in 1893 as the "radical liberal successor" to the ''Pall Mall Gazette'', after it had been purchased "by Tory interests."<ref name=":1">JRW [John Richard Wood]. "Westminster Gazette." ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland''. Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, gen. eds. Gent: Academia Press; London: The British Library, 2009: 672, Col. 1c.</ref> A "'clubland' 1d evening daily," it was called the "pea-green incorruptible" (the pea-green because of the green paper it was printed on).<ref name=":1" /> The ''Westminster Gazette'' merged with the ''Daily News'' in 1928.<ref name=":1" /> Edward Tays Cook was editor 1893–1895, and John Alfred Spender 1895–1928.<ref name=":1" /> ===The Woman's World=== November 1887 – Editor, Oscar Wilde (April 1887 – by October 1889) Sub-Editor, Arthur Fish ''The Woman's World'' ceased publication not long after Wilde left it. ''The Queen'' was a competitor. [[Social Victorians/People/Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] took over the editorship of ''The Lady's World'' in April 1887, changing its title (to ''The Woman's World'') and its mission.<ref name=":8">Fitzsimons, Eleanor. "Entering ''The Woman’s World'': Oscar Wilde as Editor of a Woman’s Magazine." ''The Victorian Web'' 17 September 2015. http://www.victorianweb.org/. Rpt. ''Academia'' https://www.academia.edu/15813341/Entering_The_Woman_s_World_Oscar_Wilde_as_Editor_of_a_Woman_s_Magazine. Rpt.? Eleanor Fitzsimons, ''Wilde's Women: How Oscar Wilde Was Shaped by the Women He Knew'' (Duckworth Overlook, 2015).</ref> ''The Lady's World'' was "a high-end, illustrated monthly magazine produced by Cassell and Company" that focused on fashion.<ref name=":8" /> ''The Woman's World'' was significantly redesigned for its November 1887 first issue:<blockquote>A fresh cover design featured Wilde’s name prominently with key contributors listed below. In a significant departure from convention, each article was attributed to its author by name. Wilde also increased the page count from thirty-six to forty-eight, and relegated fashion to the back while promoting literature, art, travel and social studies. Gone entirely were ‘Fashionable Marriages’, ‘Society Pleasures’, ‘Pastimes for Ladies’ and ‘Five o’clock Tea’. In his ‘Literary and Other Notes’, Wilde demonstrated unequivocal support for the greater participation of women in public life.<ref name=":8" /></blockquote>The "keynote" of ''The Woman's World'', according to Arthur Fish, was "the right of woman to equality of treatment with man."<ref name=":8" /> Wilde wrote to Thomas Wemyss Reid, General Manager of Cassells, that he wanted ''The Woman's World'' to "take a wider range, as well as a high standpoint, and deal not merely with what women wear, but with what they think, and what they feel."{{rp|qtd. in}}<ref name=":8" /> Eleanor Fitzsimons looks at the new way the periodical treated women's fashion under Wilde's editorship: "Although fashion remained a key feature, a conventional round-up of the season’s trends was supplemented with articles on cross-dressing, aesthetic design and rational dress."<ref name=":8" /> ===The World: A Journal for Men and Women=== The first number of the ''World'' was 8 July 1874. Edmund Yates and E. C. Grenville Murray were proprietors until 1874; Yates was editor from the beginning until the end of his life in 1894.<ref>Edwards, P. D. "Journalism." "Edmund Yates." ''Victorian Fiction Research Guides''. No. 3. Online. Accessed April 2017: http://victorianfictionresearchguides.org/edmund-yates/journalism/.</ref> Yates wrote editorials under the pseudonym Atlas. According to P. D. Edwards, the ''World'' was <blockquote>a weekly newspaper dedicated to the style of ‘personal journalism’ that Yates had been perfecting in his various gossip columns for nearly twenty years. Its appeal was to men and women of the world: clubmen, sportsmen, hangers-on of the literary, theatrical, and artistic worlds, fashionable and would-be fashionable ladies. After a few months it became a conspicuous and continuing success, generating hosts of imitators and inaugurating, it is generally agreed, the most distinctive twentieth-century style of journalism.<ref>Edwards, P. D. "Introduction." "Edmund Yates." ''Victorian Fiction Research Guides''. No. 3. Online. Accessed April 2017: http://victorianfictionresearchguides.org/edmund-yates/.</ref></blockquote> Some of the people who wrote for the ''World'' during Yates' editorship were [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|G. B. Shaw]], [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lady Violet Greville]], and so on. It looks like the ''Clifton Society'' reprinted "What the World Says" columns from ''The World''. == Earlier in the Century == === The Court Journal, and Gazette of the Fashionable World, Literature, Music and the Fine Arts === Google Books has a few volumes of this paper. It was a weekly, 3 columns, 6''d''. per issue, 6''s''. 6''d''. per quarter. Publishing Office: 21, Catherine-street, The Strand. Ads at the end of each issue, ~15 pages. It had a section called "Court and Fashionable Gossip." There's no ''Wikipedia'' page on it, so I'm not certain of the run, but the issue dated 2 April 1853 is No. 1243, No. 264 New Series. Google Books has # 1833 (https://books.google.com/books?id=2KYEo3j3YL8C) # 1835 (https://books.google.com/books?id=LLcRAAAAYAAJ) # 1848 (https://books.google.com/books?id=4pIechTAkPIC) # 1853 (https://books.google.com/books?id=JKhUGEnNVTwC) # 1854 (https://books.google.com/books?id=naw0BY8lYh8C) # 1858 (https://books.google.com/books?id=JhJ_hI-lxCsC) # 1859 (https://books.google.com/books?id=1VcG8C2nbv4C) The 1853 volume has 40 issues. # ''The Court Journal, and Gazette of the Fashionable World, Literature, Music and the Fine Arts'', 2 April 1853 (No. 1243; No. 263 New Series): . https://books.google.com/books?id=JKhUGEnNVTwC # ''The Court Journal ...'', 9 April 1853 (No. 1244; No. 264 New Series): 225–240. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 16 April 1853 (No. 1245; No. 265 New Series): 241–256. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 23 April 1853 (No. 1246; No. 266 New Series): 257–272. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 1 May 1853 (No. 1247; No. 267 New Series): 273–288. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 7 May 1853 (No. 1248; No. 268 New Series): 289–304. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 14 May 1853 (No. 1249; No. 269 New Series): 305–320. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 21 May 1853 (No. 1250; No. 270 New Series): 321–336. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 28 May 1853 (No. 1251; No. 271 New Series): 337–352. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 4 June 1853 (No. 1252; No. 272 New Series): 353–376. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 11 June 1853 (No. 1253; No. 273 New Series): 377–392. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 18 June 1853 (No. 1254; No. 274 New Series): 393–416. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 25 June 1854 (No. 1255; No. 275 New Series): 415–440. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 2 July 1854 (No. 1256; No. 276 New Series): 441–456. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 9 July 1854 (No. 1257; No. 277 New Series): 457–472. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 16 July 1854 (No. 1258; No. 278 New Series): 473–488. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 23 July 1854 (No. 1259; No. 279 New Series): 489–504. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 30 July 1854 (No. 1260; No. 280 New Series): 505–520. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 6 August 1854 (No. 1261; No. 281 New Series): 521–536. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 13 August 1854 (No. 1262; No. 282 New Series): 537–552. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 20 August 1854 (No. 1263; No. 283 New Series): 553–568. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 27 August 1854 (No. 1264; No. 284 New Series): 569–584. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 3 September 1854 (No. 1265; No. 285 New Series): 585–600. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 10 September 1854 (No. 1266; No. 286 New Series): 601–616. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 17 September 1854 (No. 1267; No. 287 New Series): 617–632. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 24 September 1854 (No. 1268; No. 288 New Series): 633–648. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 1 October 1854 (No. 1269; No. 289 New Series): 649–664. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 8 October 1854 (No. 1270; No. 290 New Series): 665–680. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 15 October 1854 (No. 1271; No. 291 New Series): 681–696. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 22 October 1854 (No. 1272; No. 292 New Series): 697–712. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 29 October 1854 (No. 1273; No. 293 New Series): 713–728. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 5 November 1854 (No. 1274; No. 294 New Series): 729–744. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 12 November '''1853''' (No. 1275; No. 295 New Series): 745–760. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 19 November 1853 (No. 1276; No. 296 New Series): 761–776. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 26 November 1853 (No. 1277; No. 297 New Series): 777–792. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 3 December 1853 (No. 1278; No. 298 New Series): 793–808. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 10 December 1853 (No. 1279; No. 299 New Series): 809–824. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 17 December 1853 (No. 1280; No. 300 New Series): 825–840. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 24 December 1853 (No. 1281; No. 301 New Series): 841–856. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 31 December 1853 (No. 1282; No. 302 New Series): 857–872. == Magazines and Other Periodicals == === The Lady === Founded by Thomas Gibson Bowles (1842–1922) in 1885, The Lady is still in publication. I haven't found any copies of 19th-century issues. === The Lady's Realm: An Illustrated Monthly Magazine === Gossipy, with a focus on the aristocracy and fashionable and news about the Season. Some fiction and poetry, mostly written by women with titles. * 1898, May–October, Vol. IV (): https://books.google.com/books?id=KG8-AAAAYAAJ * 1899, May–October, Vol. VI (): https://books.google.com/books?id=LG4-AAAAYAAJ * 1900, November–April, Vol. IX (): * 1901–1902, November–April, Vol. XI (): https://books.google.com/books?id=94x2MboTkX8C === London Society: A Monthly Magazine of Light and Amusing Literature for the Hours of Relaxation === A lot of serialized fiction, but Alexander Henry Wylie seems to have had an article in each issue about Society in one way or another. * 1889, July–December, Vol. LVI (56): https://books.google.com/books?id=oz0ZAAAAYAAJ * 1890, January–June, Vol. LVII (57): https://books.google.com/books?id=tSZKAAAAMAAJ * 1890 July–December, Vol. LVIII (58): https://books.google.com/books?id=-zIZAAAAYAAJ * * 1892 July–December, Vol. LXII (62): https://books.google.com/books?id=A1GAbrVRCDUC * etc. ==== Alexander Henry Wylie, "Society in 1892." ''London Society'' December 1892 (Vol. LXII): 611–614. ==== Anti-Semitism alert; classism alert. <blockquote> SO much has been written by Lady Cork, Lady Jeune, Mr. Mallock, and other writers on "society," that it seems superfluous to add anything to what they have contributed to various magazines; but to an on-looker who does not go to "every lighted candle " the question naturally arises, What is now called "society?" There was a time, say, thirty years ago, when undoubtedly there was such a thing, leaving out, of course, the political ladies, who owed it to their party and their husbands to entertain ''all'' that were "on their side of the House." That we leave entirely alone, although in the case of Lady Palmerston (who stands alone, as a political lady, from an entertaining point of view), she steered clear of receiving any one who was not a friend, a relation, a person of birth and position, a ''great'' luminary in the political world, a celebrated author, or in some way ''entitled'' to an invitation to the best ''salon'' the London world has seen for many generations, and, so far, is ever likely to see again. Frances, Lady Waldegrave had a ''salon'', but of a totally different kind: pleasant, yes, certainly; but cosmopolitan, undoubtedly. A loss she certainly is, not to the "great world," but to those who in every sense almost were her inferiors, and who would like to go out every night of their lives in a frivolous round of what they call "society." But I maintain "society " of thirty years ago does not exist at the present day. One most important cause is, notwithstanding what may be said to the contrary — and there are those who must own it to themselves — "You forget we have daughters to marry." No, I do not forget it, but strongly maintain all the more, considering the ''present'' state of "society," that the fathers and mothers should more than ever protect their sons and daughters from allying themselves with those whose family are in no way suited to their own, and whose only qualification is money. After all, what is money? Surely it is dearly bought if you have to marry it, and it alone; probably there is not an idea in common with the family who possess it, on either side, father or mother; they may never even have had grandfathers, or if so, probably of very humble origin, and in no way can their offspring be suitable companions for your children for life, and very often when married in a much higher sphere they expect that you have married not only themselves, but, also, their families. But to return to "society" as it now is. What is it? A new word has cropped up within the last ten years: "smart" society. Is it recruited from blood? assuredly not. Is it exemplary virtue? assuredly not. Is it exquisite wit? No, it is rich Jews, Americans, and those who must be ''en Evidence'', and that they only can be from entertainments that alone cost far more than the very highest giving of the aristocracy of our country could or would deem it expedient to afford in so poor a cause; but the ''nouveaux riches'' have to buy their way into our present London society, and except by spending large sums this end cannot be attained. Their ostentatious display would in itself prevent, and does prevent, many of the "noble of the land" from ever encouraging their impertinent overtures to induce them to visit them or to recognize them socially in any way; but there are those who "jump" at the invitations the minute they arrive, and a ready response is sent, only too willingly. But in many instances the excuse for going to these houses is, "You know we have ''all'' our daughters to marry and those people "who give these gorgeous feasts are all so colossally rich." Are they? Not always. Ask them in view of marriage to ''settle'' a sum on your son or daughter, as the case may be, and the answer generally is, "Trust to us to make money matters all right." We know in several instances the value of these assurances. While money lasts they probably make a fair allowance to the young couple, but a crash comes, and where is ''the fair allowance'', not to speak of a "settlement,<nowiki>''</nowiki> which of course has never been made. Mothers who take their daughters to the houses of the ''nouveaux riches'', of whatever nationality, have only themselves to thank if misfortune overtakes their children eventually, if it is by marriage that they have allied themselves to such people. I know at present of three ladies in London, but not in what is now termed "society," who would not for one moment admit any one of the "new" people to their houses. Without doubt they are the most exclusive in London. Happily for them, none of them have "daughters to marry." One is the wife of an exLord Lieutenant of Ireland, and the others, two sisters of high birth and of exquisite refinement, the wives of earls and the daughters of earls. But those distinguished ladies are in the minority; the greatest compliment one can pay them is: "You 'never hear of them;' they are not 'advertising ladies.'" Many of our great ladies no longer exist. Lady William Russell, Lady Holland — where are they? Alas! no longer with us. Cleveland House is, through change of hands, no more the home of the Duchess of Cleveland, and several more hostesses, from one cause and another, entertain no longer, and their places filled — how? Why, not at all. Where is the ''grande dame'' of only a few years ago? True, there are the Embassies, and very well done are all entertainments at them. The Russian and Austrian are quite of the very best description. With such hostesses nothing else could be expected, but where are the ladies of Great Britain? Certainly not in London. Our sovereign and princes never for a moment contemplate competing with the ostentatious plutocrats of to-day. Nor even do our highest aristocracy strive to emulate them; but it might effect a change if they would set an example of aristocratic simplicity, so far as is compatible with their great position. What the ''nouveaux riches'' do not seem to understand, is that there is no true distinction in being rich, and that no ''genuine'' reverence is extended to them simply because of their wealth. One of the greatest signs of their vulgarity is the wanton and purposeless display of opulence by people who have no other possession in the whole world to recommend them. They think they are imitating the "great ones of the land," and, were it worth while, "the great ones" could rebuke them by reducing their expenditure, having fewer domestics, fewer carriages, fewer gardeners and gamekeepers; but even were those things done, I believe the lesson would be lost, and the motive be entirely misunderstood. The ducal simplicity would be ascribed either to personal meanness or to a reduced income. I am afraid it would take a great many men of birth and wealth in these days to enter into a compact to make the experiment in question, before the world at large would even observe that any new moral dogma was being put to the test. London "society" at present is immense, but exclusive "society" is small, smaller than ever; because nowadays it is obliged to discriminate more than ever, lest by accident, unawares, a member of the large London "society" finds his way into the smaller and exclusive drawing-rooms; they know their friends, and "are known by them." Many of the hostesses of the present day know not even the name of the guest the servant announces, but the most distinguished men of the day are totally unknown in the houses of the ''nouveaux riches''. A certain set of people may go, of aristocratic birth, but probably they are impecunious (if not daughters to marry), and they think there is sure to be a good cook. A foreign royalty may go, but that is by mistake; H.R.H. may have been misled as to the social status of his host, and on his second visit to London will not again make the mistake he did on first visiting our shores. Let us hope that another season we may still have the exclusive hostesses with us, and that they will entertain in their usual unostentatious and high-bred manner. The last season was broken up by the dissolution of Parliament to a certain extent, but above all by the overwhelming calamity which happened to T.R.H. the Prince and the Princess of Wales, Her Majesty the Queen, the Royal Family, and to the nation at large.<ref>Alexander Henry Wylie, "Society in 1892." ''London Society'' December 1892 (Vol. LXII): 611–614.</ref>{{rp|611–614}} </blockquote> === The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality === Begun by William Ingram and Clement Shorter as an addition to the Illustrated London News, the Sketch was first edited by Clement Shorter (ed. 1893–1900). It focused on "high society and the aristocracy" (Wikipedia. "The Sketch." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sketch). It was printed and published by Ingram Brothers, 198, Strand, London and cost sixpence. The British Library holds a complete run, but as of August 2016, it was not part of the British Newspaper Archive; many of the volumes below were digitized and are probably held at the University of Minnesota. Google Books has some issues; I need Vol. 18, and have found the following: *Wednesday 2 August 1893, No. 27, through 25 October 1893, No. 39, Vol. III: https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3w4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false * *Wednesday 31 October 1894, No. 92, through 23 January 1895, No. 104, Vol. VIII: https://books.google.com/books?id=lnw4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 30 January 1895, No. 105, through 24 April 1895, No. 117, Vol. IX: https://books.google.com/books?id=1304AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 1 May 1895, No. 118, through 24 July 1895, No. 130, Vol. X: https://books.google.com/books?id=A344AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false * *Wednesday 30 October 1895, No. 144, through 22 January 1896, Vol. XII: https://books.google.com/books?id=P344AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *1896, Vol. 13: https://books.google.com/books?id=7qI6mzrUr_QC&pg=PA340&dq=the+sketch+a+journal+of+art+and+actuality+volume+18&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwifrq-cheDOAhUF1x4KHS1pA4IQ6AEIKDAC *Wednesday 29 April 1896, No. 170, through 22 July 1896, No. 182, Vol. XIV, plus Supplement: https://books.google.com/books?id=fH44AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 29 July 1896, No. 183, through 21 October 1897, No. 195, Vol. XV: https://books.google.com/books?id=sH44AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 28 October 1896, No. 196, Vol. XVI, through 9 December 1896, No. 202, Vol. XVI: https://books.google.com/books?id=uX44AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false * *Wednesday 28 April 1897, No. 222, through 21 July 1897, No. 234, Vol. XVIII: https://books.google.com/books?id=fQxIAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 28 July 1897, No. 235, through 20 October 1897, No. 247, Vol. XIX: https://books.google.com/books?id=JH84AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday January 26 1898, No. 261, through 20 April 1898, No. 273, Vol. XXI: https://books.google.com/books?id=Z384AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false * *Wednesday 27 July 1898, No. 287, through 19 October 1898, No. 299, Vol. XXIII: https://books.google.com/books?id=kn84AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 26 October 1898, No. 300, through 18 January 1899, No. 312, Vol. XXIV: https://books.google.com/books?id=sn84AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false * *Wednesday 25 October 1899, No. 352, through 17 January 1900, No. 364, Vol. XXVIII: https://books.google.com/books?id=4n84AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 24 January 1900, No. 365, through 18 April 1900, No. 377, Vol. XXIX: https://books.google.com/books?id=G4A4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Vol. XXX *Vol. XXXI *Vol. XXXII *Vol. XXXIII *Vol. XXXIV *Vol. XXXV *Vol. XXXVI *Vol. XXXVII *Vol. XXXVIII *Vol. XXXIX *Vol. XL *Vol. XLI *Vol. XLII *Vol. XLIII *Vol. XLIV *Vol. XLV *Vol. XLVI * *Vol. XLIX * *Vol. LI * *Vol. LIII *Vol. LVI === Quarterlies === * ''The Fortnightly Review'' (1865–; V. 62-63, 1894-95; V. 64-66, 1895-96) (British Library DSC Shelfmark 4018.340000) === Minor Magazines === * ''The Chameleon,'' an undergraduate literary magazine published by Oxford undergraduates. Lord Alfred Douglas's "Two Loves" was originally published in the December 1894 issue. == Resources for Working with Victorian Periodicals == === Researching the Periodicals, Authors, Etc. === * ''The Curran Index to Nineteenth-Century Periodicals'': https://www.curranindex.org/. Citing: Database: ''The Curran Index'', eds. Lars Atkin and Emily Bell. 2017-present. curranindex.org. Entry: ‘[Page Title].’ ''The Curran Index'', eds. Lars Atkin and Emily Bell. [URL], [date of access]. The Currran Index builds on the work in the ''Wellesley Index'', below. * ''The Wellesley Index To Victorian Periodicals 1824–1900''. 5 Vols. Ed., Walter E. Houghton. U of Toronto Press, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966. *# Volume I ([[iarchive:wellesleyindexto0001unse/|https://archive.org/details/wellesleyindexto0001unse]]) *#* ''Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine'' *#* ''The Contemporary Review'' *#* ''The Cornhill Magazine'' *#* ''The Edinburgh Review'' (including the years 1802–1823) *#* ''The Home and Foreign Review'' *#* ''Macmillan's Magazine'' *#* ''The North British Review'' *#* ''The Quarterly Review'' *# Volume II (https://archive.org/details/wellesleyindexto0002unse) *#* ''Bentley's Quarterly Review'' *#* ''The Dublin Review'' *#* ''The Foreign Quarterly Review'' *#* ''The Fortnightly Review'' *#* ''Fraser's Magazine'' *#* ''The London Review'' (1829) *#* ''The National Review'' (1883–) *#* ''The New Quarterly Magazine'' *#* ''The Nineteenth Century'' *#* ''The Oxford and Cambridge Magazine'' (1856) *#* ''The Rambler'' (1848–1862) *#* ''The Scottish Review'' (1882–) *#Volume III (https://archive.org/details/wellesleyindexto0003unse) *#*''Ainsworth Magazine'' *#*''The Atlantis'' *#*''The British and Foreign Review'' *#*''The London Review'' (1835–1836) *#*''The London and Westminster Review'' (1836–1840) *#*''The Modern Review'' *#*''The Monthly Chronicle'' *#*''The National Review'' (1855–1864) *#*''The New Monthly Magazine'' (1821–1854) *#*''The New Review'' *#*''The Prospective Review'' *#*''Saint Pauls'' *#*''Temple Bar'' *#*''The Theological Review'' *#*''The Westminster Review'' (1824–1836, 1840–1900) *#Volume IV (https://archive.org/details/wellesleyindexto0004unse) *#*''Bentley's Miscellany'' *#*''The British Quarterly Review'' *#*''The Dark Blue'' *#*''The Dublin University Magazine'' *#*''The London Quarterly Review'' *#*''Longman's Magazine'' *#*''Tait's Edinburgh Magazine'' (1832–1855) *#*''The University Magazine'' *#Volume V, Ed., Jean Harris Slingerland (https://archive.org/details/wellesleyindexto0005unse) *#*Epitome and Index * Directories ** [Mitchell's] Newspaper Press Directory, Vol. 52. London: Messrs C. Mitchell & Co., 1897: [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015085486150&view=1up&seq=250&q1=%22The+Lady%22 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015085486150] * ''Victorian Fiction Research Guides'': https://victorianfictionresearchguides.org/ === Sources of Digitized Periodicals === * The ''British Newspaper Archive'': https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/. The page numbering in the BNA does not match the page numbers on the printed page, and the title may not be accurate for that date, either. (e.g., 63 [of 97 in BNA; p. on print page], Col. 2a–3a [3 of 3 cols.]) * ''Google Books'' has some periodicals digitized and still available through them. * The ''Hathi Trust Digital Library'': https://www.hathitrust.org/ (accessed December 2022). * ''Internet Archive'': [[iarchive:howtodoitordire00unkngoog/page/n68/mode/2up|https://archive.org/details/]] * Library of Congress ''Chronicling America'' (for American newspapers): https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/ * The London ''Times'' * The ''Newspaper Archive'': https://newspaperarchive.com/ * ''The Online Books Page'' University of Pennsylvania Libraries: https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ (accessed December 2022) * ''Open Access Nineteenth-century Periodicals'', at The Victorian Web: https://victorianweb.org/periodicals/openaccess.html ==Bibliography== *[1884-03-07 Pictorial World] The Pictorial World 7 March 1874 (1:1). Old Pictorial: Press from Our Past. Online http://www.oldpictorial.com/publishedby/pictorial-world/. *[1894-04-04 Sketch 5, Col. 1C] "L. E." "A Chat with Lady Violet Greville." The Sketch 4 April 1894, Wednesday: 5, Col. 1A. (Behind paywall: http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001860/18940404/007/0005) Accessed December 2016. *Beetham, Margaret, and Kay Boardman, eds. Victorian Women's Magazines: An Anthology. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2001. Google Books. *Gliserman, Susan. "Mitchell's 'Newspaper Press Directory': 1846–1907." Victorian Periodicals Newsletter, No. 4 April 1969 (2: 1): 10–29. *Hindle, Wilfred. The Morning Post: 1772–1937, Portrait of a Newspaper. London: Rutledge, 1937. *Leary, Patrick. "Re: [VICTORIA] Victorian news parody." Reply to a posting on the Victoria listserv (victoria@list.indiana.edu). Monday, January 21, 2019 at 9:25 AM. *Miliband, Marion, ed. ''The [London] Observer of the Nineteenth Century, 1791-1901.'' London: Longmans, 1966. DA530.O2. *[Mitchell]. Newspaper Press Directory, Vol. 52. London: Messrs C. Mitchell & Co., 1897. *[NPD 1905] Newspaper Press Directory: And Advertisers' Guide, Containing Full Particulars of Every Newspaper, Magazine, Review, and Periodical Published in the United Kingdom and the British Isles. The Newspaper Map of the United Kingdom, the Continental, American, Indian and Colonial Papers, and a Directory of the Class Papers and Periodicals. Diamond Jubilee Issue. 60th annual issue. London: C. Mitchell and Co., 1905. ''Google Books''. https://books.google.com/books?id=mGMLAAAAYAAJ. *Onslow, Barbara. "The Ladies' Page." Victorian Page: The Web Magazine of Victoriana. Web. Accessed April 2017. http://www.victorianpage.com/VictorianPage-Ladiespage-womensmagazines.html *Sell, Henry. Sell's Dictionary of the World's Press. London, Sell's: 1886. ''Google Books''. https://books.google.com/books?id=SEsCAAAAYAAJ. *Thomas, Frederick Moy, ed. Fifty Years of Fleet Street: The Life and Recollections of Sir John Robinson. London: Macmillan, 1904. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=-mMLAAAAYAAJ. *Thorold, Algar Labouchere. The Life of Henry Labouchere. New York: G. P. Putnam's, 1913. *[Who's Who 55] Addison, Henry Robert, and Charles Henry Oakes, William John Lawson, Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen, eds. Who's Who, 1903. 55th edition. London, Adam and Charles Black, 1903. Google Books. *Willing's British and Irish Press Guide and Advertiser's Directory and Handbook. ["Late May's."] 18th ed. n.p., 1891. Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=104CAAAAYAAJ. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Newspapers]] qpfmk5o0117e47gk5ankydxf63ep6vo 2688819 2688818 2024-11-25T18:37:39Z Scogdill 1331941 /* The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper */ 2688819 wikitext text/x-wiki = Newspapers and Magazines = See also the page collecting [[Social Victorians/People/Working in Publishing|people who worked in publishing and journalism]]: publishers, journalists (including "[[Social Victorians/People/Working in Publishing#Journalists|Aristocratic Lady Journalists]]"), illustrators, editors, proprietors, and so on. Magazines and less-frequently published periodicals are [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Magazines and Other Periodicals|later on this page]]. == Periodicals That Published Society and London Gossip (Mitchell's) == *The Argus *The Bookman *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Court Journal: Gazette of the Fashionable World, Literature, Music and the Fine Arts|The Court Journal: Gazette of the Fashionable World, Literature, Music and the Fine Arts]] *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The (London) Echo|The (London) Echo]] *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Fashionable London: An Illustrated Journal for Ladies|Fashionable London: An Illustrated Journal for Ladies]] *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Gentlewoman: The Illustrated Weekly Journal for Gentlewomen|The Gentlewoman: The Illustrated Weekly Journal for Gentlewomen]] *Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle *The Isle of Wight Guardian *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Lady|The Lady]] *The Lady's Magazine (La Moniteur de la Mode) [about class rather than gossip] *The Lady's World (see [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Woman's World|The Woman's World]]) *The Licensed Victualler's Mirror *Observer *The Owl *The People *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper|The Queen, the Lady's Newspaper]] *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality|The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality]] *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Society|Society]] *St. James's Budget *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The St. James's Gazette|The St. James's Gazette]] *The Stage *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Vanity Fair|Vanity Fair]] *Warder and Dublin Weekly Mail *Waverley *The Weekly Sun *The Western Weekly Mercury *Whitehall Review *[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Woman's World|The Woman's World]] *Wrexham Argus and North Wales Athlete The Central Press, a press agency, says it provides "Lobby Gossip" (Mitchell's 188) and "Society Gossip" (Mitchell's 304). == Papers from Outside the U.K. That Played a Role == *''The Beacon'' (in Poona, India) *''Mercure de France'' *''Overland Mail'' (written for India; special edition for China) *The New York ''Herald'' (9 March 1858–31 January 1920; British Library DSC Shelfmark 6089.303000n) *The Paris ''Temps'' (British Library DSC Shelfmark 8790.050000) == Other Newspapers == * [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Belfast News-Letter|The Belfast News-Letter]] * ''The Echo (''1868–) (British Library DSC Shelfmark 3647.367450n) * ''The Glasgow Herald'' (26 August 1805–) * [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper|Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper]] * [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The London Daily News|The London Daily News]] * London ''Daily Telegraph'' (1855–),<blockquote>founded by Joseph Moses Levy in a market in which there were ten newspapers, so he made his paper less expensive than the rest. Very quickly it was outselling the ''Times.'' In its early days, under the editorship of Levy and his employees, the paper supported liberal causes and governmental reform. It also sensationalized its stories. Some headlines from the 1850s included the following: "A Child Devoured by Pigs," "Extraordinary Discovery of Man-Woman in Birmingham," "Shocking Occurrence: Five Men Smothered in a Gin Vat." In keeping with its sensationalistic approach, the paper focused on crime and court reporting. In the 1870s, the leadership on the paper was politically conservative. Edwin Arnold was editor, and he was not replaced until 1899. In the early 1880s a reporter on the paper helped solve a murder on a train. The murderer was identified by the first portrait block published in a newspaper, and he was subsequently convicted and executed. The paper would have been associated with investigative journalism. (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JreynoldsN.htm; link no longer works, server gone) (ISSN 03071235. British Library DSC Shelfmark 3512.450000f)</blockquote>In 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' says that the ''Daily Telegraph''<nowiki/>'s politics were liberal, the "Latest Time for Ads." was 7 p.m., and the "Time Published" was 5 a.m.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|56}} <blockquote>DAILY TELEGRAPH. I''d''. Established June, 20, 1855. P<small>RINCIPLES</small>: Liberal. The ''Daily Telegraph'', a morning journal which, while thoroughly devoted to the large interests of the Liberal cause, has not unfrequently taken an independent course on the merits of particular questions. Over and above its recognized political position as the popular exponent of Liberal views, it has acquired an unequalled celebrity through the promptitude, the fulness, and the variety of its telegraphic advices; the enterprise which its conductors have shown when events of great national or international interest demanded early and ample description; and the novelty and freshness of the social articles, which are a constant feature of the paper, both in its leading columns and elsewhere. The popularity and influence of the ''Daily Telegraph'' are alike very great. Published by Archibald Johnstone, 135, Fleet Street, E.C.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|59}}</blockquote> * The London ''Evening News''.<blockquote>The ''Evening News'' joined the highly competitive group of London daily newspapers in 1894 when it was purchased by journalist Alfred Harmsworth. Under Harmsworth the newspaper was successful and rather sensationalistic, with illustrations and headlines like "Was It Suicide or Apoplexy?, Another Battersea Scandal, Bones in Bishopgate, Hypnotism and Lunacy and Killed by a Grindstone" (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.ul/Jevening.htm [link no longer works, server gone]). Harmsworth claimed in November 1894 that his newpaper had the largest circulation in the world — 394,447 — and that the only reason the sales were below half a million copies was the number of printing presses he owned. When his daughter was born in January 1889, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]] put the announcement in the ''Evening News'': "CONAN DOYLE. On the 28th instant, at Bush Villa, Elm Grove, Mrs Conan Doyle, wife of A. Conan Doyle MD, of a daughter" (Stavert 136).</blockquote> * [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#London Standard and the London Evening Standard|The London Standard and Evening Standard]] * The [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Man of Ross|Man of Ross]] * ''The National Observer'' * ''Reynold's Weekly Newspaper'' <blockquote>had, by the end of the century, been a fixture in London journalism for many years and was, in its own words, "devoted to the cause of freedom and in the interests of the enslaved masses." Founded in 1850, it owed some of its very large circulation to its price — George William Reynolds lowered the price from 4 shillings to a penny in 1864, and by 1875 its circulation was 350,000 a week. When Reynolds died in 1894, the paper was taken over by liberal M.P. James Henry Dalziel, who "brought in several new features including a women's page, serial stories, words and music of popular songs and help finding missing relatives and friends" (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.ul/JreynoldsN.htm; link no longer works, server gone).</blockquote> * ''The Scottish Leader'' (3 January 1887 – 4 July 1894?) * ''The Star'', <blockquote>founded in 1887 by politically radical journalist and Irish nationalist T. P. O'Connor. ''The Star'' hired writers for their radical beliefs. Assistant editor H. W. Massingham also hired well-known writers for their talents and names. He knew [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] and hired him to be an assistant leader-writer. Reporter Ernest Clarke is remembered by O'Connor in his ''Memoirs'' like this: "He might be trusted to work up any sensational news of the day, and helped, with [his coverage of] Jack the Ripper, to make gigantic circulations hitherto unparalleled in evening journalism" (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/; link no longer works, server gone).</blockquote> * The [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Star of Guernsey|Star of Guernsey]] * The ''St. James's Gazette'' * [[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Westminster Gazette|Westminster Gazette]] === The Belfast News-Letter === The ''Belfast News-Letter'' began publication in 1737<ref name=":0">MJH/MaT [Matthew James Huggins/Matthew Taunton]. "Belfast News-Letter (1737–)." ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland''. Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, gen. eds. Gent: Academia Press; London: The British Library, 2009: 44, Col. 2b – 45, Col. 1a.</ref>{{rp|44, Col. 2b}}; by the second half of the 19th century it reported local news and "dedicated an unusual amount of column inches to literary* matters for a newspaper and printed sports'* reports, articles on horticulture and gardening*, and pieces detailing the latest developments in ladies' fashion."<ref name=":0" />{{rp|45, Col. 1a; asterisks sic, references to articles in the book}} It came out on Wednesday and Saturdays and cost 4d.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|44, Col. 2b}} ===The (London) Daily News=== In 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' says that the ''Daily News''<nowiki/>'s politics were liberal, the "Latest Time for Ads." was 7 p.m., and the "Time Published" was 5 a.m.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|55}}. <blockquote>Daily News. 1d. Established Jan. 21, 1846. Principles: Liberal and Independent. It is very ably conducted in every department; and neither in its politics or literature, its domestic or foreign news, its English, American, or Continental correspondence and telegrams, yields the palm to any of its contemporaries. Its literary, dramatic, and musical articles are distinguished by great ability. Published by T. Britton, 19, 20, 21, Bouverie Street; (Office for Advertisements) 67, Fleet Street, W.C. (Advt. p. 32.)<ref name=":2" /> (58)</blockquote> ''Daily News'' ad in ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'', 1895: <blockquote>Daily News Office,<br> 67, Fleet Street, London.<br> 1895.<br> Important to Advertisers.<br> The Daily News<br> Has<br> The Largest Circulation<br> Of Any Liberal Paper in the World.<br> The Daily News is now the leading Liberal organ. It has the largest circulation of any liberal paper in the world, and is, therefore, the best channel for Advertisements of every description.<br> [C. Mitchell & Co., Advertising Agents and Contractors, 12 and 13, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London, E.C.] (32).</blockquote> The ''Daily News'' was edited by Charles Dickens early on. Editor William Black "retired from journalism" in 1876 (Brake Demoor 57 a–b). Conservative Edward Tyas Cook was editor between 1895 and 1901, when he was dismissed by the new owners, the Cadbury family. Henry Labouchere was part-proprietor beginning in 1868 (Brake Demoor 338a). According to ''The Life of Henry Labouchere'', which is quoting ''Fifty Years of Fleet Street: The Life and Recollections of Sir John Robinson'', <blockquote> Sir John Robinson thus describes the syndicate of which Mr. Labouchere became a member: "The proprietors of the Daily News, a small syndicate which never exceeded ten men, were a mixed body, hardly any two of whom had anything in common. The supreme control in the ultimate resort rested with three of them, Mr. Henry Oppenheim, the well-known financier, with politics of no very decided kind; Mr. Arnold Morley, a Right Honourable, an ex-party Whip, / and a typical ministerial Liberal; and Mr. Labouchere, the Radical, financier, freelance. Others had but a small holding, and practically did not count, save as regards any moral influence they might bring to brea on their colleagues at Board meetings."{{rp|Thorold 95–96}}</blockquote> Labouchere sold his share in 1895 (Thorold 96): <blockquote>On Mr. Gladstone's withdrawal from public life," he wrote in ''Truth'', "the party, or rather a majority of the officialdom of the party became tainted with Birmingham imperialism. My convictions did not allow me to be connected with a newspaper which supported a clique of intriguers that had captured the Liberal ship, and that accepted blindly these intriguers as the representatives of Liberalism in regard to our foreign policy.</blockquote> It looks like when Robinson stepped down, the proprietors were Oppenheim and Morley until the paper was sold to the next syndicate, which included George Cadbury{{rp|Thomas 380}}. === The (London) Echo === According to the 1895 Mitchell's, the ''Echo'' was an evening paper and in its quick overview says,<blockquote>ECHO. Daily, 1''d''. Established December, 1868. P<small>RINCIPLES</small>: Liberal Unionist. It contains, in a condensed form, all the news of the day — devoting much space to "city matters," and giving details of all "business done" on the Stock Exchange. The ''Echo'' comments fearlessly on politics and statesmen. It endeavours to promote the national welfare. It strives to secure peace, to enforce economy, and to uphold a national policy enlightened by universal education. Published at 22, Catherine Street. W.C. (Advt., p. 247.)<ref name=":2" />{{rp|60, Col. 1b}}</blockquote> The advertisement says,<blockquote>Echo. Established Quarter of a Century. <small>FAVOURITE EVENING PAPER FOR FAMILY READING</small>. Largest London Circulation. The <small>ECHO</small> is a daily newspaper and review, containing, in a condensed form, all the news of the day, in anticipation of the following day's morning paper. The <small>ECHO</small> is now acknowledged to be one of the best mediums for advertisers. In addition to its having the largest London circulation, (which on occasions reaches almost 300,000 [? the 3 is not clear]), its convenient size, and the excellent arrangement of its advertisements, ensure all the announcements appearing in its columns being brought directly under the notice of its very large number of readers. The <small>ECHO</small>, price One Halfpenny, can be obtained of any news agents in town or country, or a copy will be sent post-free to any address in the United Kingdom, at the rate of One Penny daily, viz., 26s. for twelve months; 13s. for six months; or 6.6d. for three months. P.O. Orders to be made payable to J. Passmore Edwards, 22, Catherine-st., Strand, London, W.C.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|246, Col. 2b}}</blockquote> === Fashionable London: An Illustrated Journal for Ladies === 1892–? The British Library may have a run; the Bodleian seems to as well. ===The Gentlewoman: The Illustrated Weekly Journal for Gentlewomen=== According to the 1895 Mitchell's, ''The Gentlewoman''<blockquote>Illustrated weekly newspaper for ladies, with a very Iarge and increasing circulation all over the kingdom, on the continent, in America and the colonies tinent, in America and the colonies, amongst the best and public most wealthy class.</blockquote> *According to an ad in the 1905 Newspaper Press Directory, the Gentlewoman was a weekly published on Thursday (NPD 1905 94). *It was a women's (ladies') magazine. *1890–1926 *The address was 70–76 Long Acre, London, W.C. (NPD 1905 94). *It carried illustrated interviews: <quote>the subject was often an aristocratic woman and the interview was as much about the decor and furnishings of her home as about her own achievements. These interviews blended with the advice on furnishing and house decoration which became increasingly popular feature in all kinds of magazines for women at this time. They also exploited the techniques of the new journalism to suggest an intimacy with the great and famous into whose most private rooms the reader was allowed to look</quote> (Beetham and Boardman 59). <blockquote>Gentlewoman (The). Thursday, 6d.<br> Established 1890. Illustrated weekly newspaper for ladies, with a very large and increasing circulation all over the kingdom, on the Continent, in America and the Colonies, amongst the best and most wealthy class.<br> Published at 70–76, Long Acre, W.C. (Advt., p. 96.)</blockquote>{{rp|NPD 1905 71}}. [IMG] (Who's Who 55 31) ===The Graphic=== According to the 1895 Mitchell's Newspaper Directory, ''The Graphic'' was a weekly, published on Fridays, which sold for 6d. Its description read as follows: <blockquote>Principles: Independent. An admirably illustrated journal, combining "Literary excellence with artistic beauty." The illustrations are in the first style of art. The literary portion of the paper is admirable in its arrangement, and a series of essays and notices on the topics of the day add greatly to its attractive character. Stories by popular authors appear weekly, illustrated by eminent artists.<ref name=":2" /> (68)</blockquote> It was "of small folio size (15.5in x 11.5in), with 3 cols of letterpress..., featuring at least 20 engravings mainly of larger size."<ref name=":6">Law, Graham. "The Illustrated London News and The Graphic." ''The Illustrated London News (1842-1901) and The Graphic (1869-1901)''. Retrieved September 2023. https://victorianfictionresearchguides.org/the-illustrated-london-news-and-the-graphic/.</ref> By the late 1890s, it had grown to 32 pages and had a number of supplements.<ref name=":6" /> The ''Graphic'' had a ladies' column in the 1890s and 1900s written by Lady Violet Greville, "Place aux Dames":<blockquote>Lady Violet claimed, when offered the ''Graphic'' job, that all her suggestions for subject-matter — art, literature, theatre, dress — were rejected on the grounds that they already had writers for those topics — and she should just write whatever she liked! She clearly did, earning the compliment from fellow journalist Mary Billington, (who eventually ran the "women's department" at the ''Daily Telegraph'') that as a writer she combined "daring, brilliancy, and romance":. In particular she championed the cause of sports for women.<ref name=":5" /></blockquote>See the paragraph under the ''[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#The Illustrated London News|Illustrated London News]]'' about Florence Fenwick-Miller and Violet Greville's roles in articulating the subtle differences between the ''Graphic'' and the ''Illustrated London News'' on the topic of the New Woman. ==== Proprietors, Publishers, Printers, Editors ==== William Luson Thomas was Managing Director between 1869 and 1900.<ref name=":6" /> E. J. Mansfield at 190, Strand, was publisher between 1869 and 1893; E. J. Mansfield at 190, Strand, was publisher (and at 12, Milford Lane, printer) between 1894 and 1895; G. R. Parker & A. F. Thomas at 190, Strand, were publishers and at 12, Milford Lane printers.<ref name=":6" /> Chief editors were Arthur Locker (1870–1891) and T. H. Joyce (1891–1906).<ref name=":6" /> (Edmund Yates must not have been a chief editor.) In 1890 William Luson Thomas, the same proprietor, spun off a ''Daily Graphic''.<ref>BM [Brian Maidment]. "Thomas, William Luson (1830–1900)." ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland''. Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, gen. eds. Gent: Academia Press; London: The British Library, 2009: 623, Col. 2b.</ref> ==== Circulation ==== ''The Graphic'' reported that regular issues in the 1880s occasionally had runs of 250,000, and "Christmas numbers for 1881, 1882 [of] more than 500,000."<ref name=":6" /> ==== ''The Graphic'' Digitized ==== * At the Hathi Trust: https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000533840 * British Newspaper Archive: https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?exactsearch=false&retrievecountrycounts=false&newspapertitle=the%2bgraphic ==== Reading for ''The Graphic'' ==== * Korda, Andrea. ''Printing and Painting the News in Victorian London: The Graphic and Social Realism, 1869–1891''. Ashgate, 2015; Routledge, 2017. ===The Illustrated London News=== The ''Illustrated London News'' was a weekly published on Saturday and costing 6 pence after 1871.<ref name=":6" /> The ''Victorian Fiction Research Guide'' says about the ''Illustrated London News'',<blockquote>by far the most successful of the metropolitan weeklies was a Saturday journal starting up in May 1842, whose most distinctive feature was that it was the first British newspaper to give priority to pictures.<ref name=":4">Law, Graham. "Introduction." ''The Illustrated London News (1842-1901) and The Graphic (1869-1901)''. Retrieved September 2023. https://victorianfictionresearchguides.org/the-illustrated-london-news-and-the-graphic/introduction/.</ref></blockquote>And that by the 1890s it was 32 pages, "small folio size (15.5in x 11.5in), with 3 cols of letterpress," with "over 50 [engravings] from half-column to double-page size.<ref name=":6" /><p> Florence Fenwick-Miller wrote a "Ladies Column," later renamed to "Ladies' Page," for the ''Illustrated London News'':<blockquote>Florence Fenwick-Miller’s weekly ‘Ladies Column’ in ''The Illustrated London News'' and its equivalent in ''The Graphic'', Lady Violet Greville’s ‘Place aux Dames’, form a fascinating contrast. In brief, Fenwick-Miller in ''The Illustrated London News'' takes a progressive line on the suffrage and marriage questions, celebrating a victory for women’s rights in the Jackson/Clitheroe judgement (which denied the authority of the husband to hold his wife against her will, 4 April 1891, 452), yet remains an enthusiastic advocate of the latest feminine fashions from Paris. On the death of Emily Faithful, Fenwick-Miller praises her work as a publisher while criticizing the manliness of her costume (15 June 1895, 750). Greville in ''The Graphic'' opposes electoral or marriage reform, but is in favour of paid work, active athleticism, and rational dress for women – she sees the enfranchisement of women in Australia as the ‘thin end of the wedge’ (25 Nov 1893, 659), but demands that ‘where women do equally good work with men their wages should be the same’ (15 Sept 1894, 306).<ref name=":4" /></blockquote> ==== Proprietors, Publishers, Printers, Editors ==== William J. Ingram & Charles L. N. Ingram were the proprietors between 1872 and 1905 and the publishers and printers between 1884 and 1905.<ref name=":6" /> Chief editors were John Lash Latey (1863-1890), C. K. Shorter (1891-1900) and Bruce S. Ingram (1900-1963).<ref name=":6" /> ==== Circulation ==== The circulation was attested at 123,000 in 1854, with larger runs (as reported by the ''Illustrated London News'') of 310,000 for the issue about the marriage of the Prince of Wales in 1863 (''The Illustrated London News,'' 13 May 1967, 42–3) and of more than 500,000 for holiday issues in the 1880s.<ref name=":6" /> ==== Availability ==== The ILN can be found in Google Books: *Vol. 32, 1858 (https://books.google.com/books?id=FNFCAQAAIAAJ) *Vol. 33, 1858 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ps9CAQAAIAAJ) *Vol. 35, 1859 (https://books.google.com/books?id=3NNCAQAAIAAJ) *Vol. 39, 1861 (https://books.google.com/books?id=V4g-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 40, 1862 (https://books.google.com/books?id=yIY-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 41, 1862 (https://books.google.com/books?id=xmQjAQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 42, Jan–June 1863 (https://books.google.com/books?id=yoVUAAAAcAAJ or https://books.google.com/books?id=PWUjAQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 45, 1864 (https://books.google.com/books?id=8ok-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 46, 1865 (https://books.google.com/books?id=ToY-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 47, 1865 (https://books.google.com/books?id=rYk-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 89, 1886 (https://books.google.com/books?id=R4o-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 91, 1887 (https://books.google.com/books?id=JIo-AQAAMAAJ) *Vol. 92, 1888 (https://books.google.com/books?id=joo-AQAAMAAJ) === The Ladies Field === 1898–1922. The British Newspaper Archive does not have this periodical digitized (as of January 2024). === The Lady === The 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' says ''The Lady'' was composed on a Linotype machine.<ref name=":2" /> (255, Col. 1a) It was published on Wednesdays.<blockquote>LADY. Wednesday. 3''d''. Established February 19, IRRi The ''Lady'' deals with the many subjects in which Iadies are interested fully and completely. Home dress-making, household management, social news, information, hints, and advice, all find place in its pages. It is admirably illustrated with fashions, dresses, &c. Published at 39 & 40, Bedford St., Strand, W.C. (Advt., p. 250.)<ref name=":2" />{{rp|71, Col. 1a}}</blockquote> An advertisement in ''Mitchell's'' for ''The Lady'' says,<blockquote>The Best Ladies' Newspaper. The Lady. Weekly, price Three pence. THE LADY has articles in each issue devoted to the Toilet, the Fashions of Dress, Home Decoration, the Accomplishments, the Social and Domestic Life, Travel for Pleasure and Health, the Household in its many aspects; and numerous other interesting features. A large staff of competent writers, artists, and practical administrators are engaged in each department, with the result that THE LADY is admitted to be best, cheapest, and most useful ladies' journal ever produced. The Terms for Advertisements may be had on application. London — THE LADY Offices, 39–40. Bedford-street and Maiden-lane, Strand. W.C.<ref name=":2" /> (250, Col. 1b)</blockquote>Begun in 1885,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-08-23|title=The Lady (magazine)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Lady_(magazine)&oldid=1171891113|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lady_(magazine).</ref> the ''Lady'' is still being published, and old issues are not available in a digitized form. The current magazine has a mechanism for getting access to back issues, but they are all 21st-century issues. === Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper === 1842–1931. Edited by Thomas Catling 1884–1906.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|date=2023-09-02|title=Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lloyd%27s_Weekly_Newspaper&oldid=1173436602|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%27s_Weekly_Newspaper.</ref> "On 16 February 1896, ''Lloyd’s Weekly'' became the only British newspaper in the nineteenth century to sell more than a million copies."<ref name=":7" /> === The London Gazette === An official journal of record for the government of the U.K., the London Gazette has detailed coverage of official social events — like weddings of the royal family, for example, and granting of awards and honors. * Front page: https://www.thegazette.co.uk. * Number 23720, 24 March 1871, is a supplement detailing the wedding of [[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise|Princess Louise]] and John Campbell, Marquis of Lorne (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23720/) * Number 26869, 2 July 1897, records nothing about the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] because nothing official occurred because of it (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/26869/page/3637). === The Man of Ross === Also, ''The Man of Ross, Forest of Dean, and West of England Advertiser''. A conservative newspaper that came out on Saturday, 1d. (one penny).<ref name=":2" />{{rp|145, Col. 1b}} The 1895 Mitchell's says of Ross, Herefordshire,<blockquote>A market town, with iron and coal-mines in the neighbourhood, and extensive iron and tinplate-works about six miles distant. The district is rural and the population (9,651) is engaged in mining and agricultural pursuits.<ref name=":2" /> (145, Col. 1b)</blockquote>Of the Man of Ross newspaper, Mitchell's says,<blockquote>Gives the local and general news of the week, with a varied, useful, and entertaining miscellany of general information, and original articles. P<small>ROPRIETOR</small> — John Counsell.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|145, Col. 1b}}</blockquote> ===The (London) Morning Post=== In 1879, Mitchell's Press Directory described the Morning Post as follows: <blockquote>MORNING POST. Daily, 3d. Established 1772. Principles: High Church and Whig. The Post is not merely a political newspaper, it is the fashionable chronicle and journal of the Beau Monde. Few events occur in the higher circles, to which publicity can consistently be given, which are not reported in its columns. Its news department is full and complete; its reports impartial, and well written; and its criticisms on books, music, pictures, and science are considered as authorities. Its correspondents are numerous; and those in the colonies especially are evidently well informed upon all questions that form the subjects of public discussion of government policy. It is an able and consistent advocate of the principles of the "High Church" party, as distinguished from the "Evangelical" section of the Church; but it does not favour the doctrines of the Ritualistic party. Published by F. W. Smith, Wellington Street, W.C. (Gliserman [11])</blockquote> Brake and Demoor say the ''Morning Post'' was taken over by Peter Borthwick in 1849 and bought by his son Algernon Borthwick, who had been editor as well, in 1879. In 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' says that the ''Morning Post'''s politics were conservative, the "Latest Time for Ads." was 10 a.m., and the "Time Published" was 3 p.m.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|55}}. Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor's ''Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland'' says the following: <blockquote>The editorship was taken over by Peter Borthwick in 1849, the start of a family connection that was to last until 1924. On Borthwick's death in 1852, the editorship passed to his son Algernon Borthwick, who bought the paper in 1876, and consolidated its imperialist* and conservative tone. He also continued its interest in sporting* matters, particular racing. When he took over the paper, its circulation had declined to under 3,000 (compared to a circulation of The Times of 40,000.) He reduced the price* from 3d to 1d and increased its circulation. During his editorship, leader writers included Andrew Lang* and Alfred Austin*. William E. Henley*, Thomas Hardy* and Rudyard Kipling contributed verse while George Meredith was its special correspondent during the Italian wars* of liberation from Austria. Borthwick, now Lord Glenesk, died in 1908 and his family sold the paper in 1924. It merged* with the Daily Telegraph* in 1937. JRW Sources: Griffiths 1992, Hindle 1937, ODNB. (Brake and Demoor 427; asterisks sic, references to articles in the book)</blockquote> In Mitchell's 1906 ''Newspaper Press Directory'', the ''Morning Post'' is described as follows: <blockquote>Morning Post. Daily, 1d. Established 1772. Principles: Unionist. The Morning Post is the oldest daily newspaper existing in London. It gives special attention to fashionable and foreign news, and is also noted for its full and accurate reports of Parliamentary proceedings. As a medium for announcements which it is desired to bring before the notice of the high and wealthy classes, the Morning Post cannot be surpassed. Published by E. E. Peacock, Aldwych, W.D. (Advt. p. 88.)<br> Tele. Nos.<br> Strand (5432 Gerrard.<br> (13553 P.O. Central<br> Aldwych, 13501 P.O. Central<br> City Office, 5522 Avenue. (NPD 1905: 62; identical description in Mitchell 1896 58)</blockquote> ''Willing's British and Irish Press Guide'' for 1891 describes the Morning Post like this: <blockquote>MORNING POST, 1772. (c) Daily — 3 a.m. 1d. T. L. Coward, 12 Wellington Street, W.C. Political, general, and fashionable newspaper. (Willing's 1891: 79)</blockquote> Willing's also classifies the ''Morning Post'' as a family newspaper.{{rp|135}} <blockquote>Sell's Dictionary of the World's Press says this in 1886: Dating its birth back to the year 1772, this paper can boast of being the oldest political daily newspaper existing in London. Its career has ben a very distinguished and interesting one; and among its contributors it has numbered Southey, Wordsworth, Sir James Mackintosh and others. Coleridge was for some time its editor, and Charles Lamb contributed witty paragraphs. From its commencement it has been most ably conducted, and its criticisms on plays, music, and books are excellent. The special features of the Morning Post are its fashionable and foreign news, to which it gives special [127/128] prominence. Nothing of interest occurs in the upper circles of society that is not recorded in its columns, and everything which can interest the beau monde receives notice. The circulation of the Morning Post, though not so great as some of its contemporaries, is a very good one, being chiefly among fashionable and wealthy circles. This paper is consequently well adapted for the advertising of articles de luxe and good possessing first-class workmanship and artistic merit, the sale of which is almost entirely confined to persons to whom the cost is of secondary importance. Compared with the other "dailies" the advertising charges of the Morning Post are moderate. Till within the last two years this paper was published at threepence, but now its price is the general one of a penny, a reduction which has already increased its sale tenfold.{{rp|127–128}}</blockquote> Advertising prices for the Morning Post from the Newspaper Press Dictionary (NPD 1905: 88), found in Google Books: [IMG] ====The ''Morning Post'' in Fiction==== When Major Pendennis moves to the country in Thackeray's 1864 novel, "he will miss seeing his name in the Morning Post on the day after each of the 'great London entertainments'" (Hampton, Mark. Visions of the Press in Britain, 1850–1950. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2004: 23). Gwendolyn in Wilde's ''The Importance of Being Earnest'' says she will announce her engagement in the ''Morning Post''. In a discussion of parodies of newspaper journalism, Patrick Leary says, "Punch frequently ran such parodies, beginning quite early on in the 1840s. The obsequiousness of the Morning Post (or "The Fawning Post," as Douglas Jerrold liked to call it) was a favorite target." (Leary). ====Some Important Writers, Contributors, Editors, Etc.==== *C. J. (Charles James) Dunphie was art and theatre critic 1856–1908 (Brake and Demoor 186) *William A. Barrett was "chief music* critic on the Morning Post* (1866–1891)" (Brake and Demoor 39) *Algernon Borthwick founded a "society magazine" called The Owl (Brake and Demoor 67) *Florence Caroline Douglas Dixie, war correspondent in the Boer War, 1897 (Brake and Demoor 172) *Rudyard Kipling *Benjamin Disraeli, before Borthwick took over (Brake and Demoor 427) *Andrew Lang, occasional contributor (Brake and Demoor 346) *Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, Viscount Northcliffe (Brake and Demoor 270) *William E. Henley (Brake and Demoor 427) *Alfred Austin (Brake and Demoor 427) *Thomas Hardy (Brake and Demoor 427) *George Meredith (Brake and Demoor 427) *Winston Churchill (Brake and Demoor 412) ===The Pall Mall Gazette=== Mitchell's classifies the ''Pall Mall Gazette'' as an evening paper.<ref name=":2" /> (p. 60, Col. 1b) The ''Pall Mall Gazette'' ran a "ladies' column" called the "Wares of Autolycus"<blockquote>from May 1893 to the end of 1898, appearing most days of the week, and drawing on a group of female journalists, notably Alice Maynell, to cover between them literature, gardening, fashion, home decor, good food, and society news. But though constructed in gossip column form, its aesthetic and literary standards lifted it well above the level of the average contemporary gossip column.<ref name=":5">Onslow, Barbara. "The Ladies' Page." ''Victorian Page: The Web Magazine of Victoriana'' http://www.victorianpage.com/VictorianPage-Ladiespage-womensmagazines.html (accessed April 2017).</ref></blockquote>Both [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] wrote for the ''Pall Mall Gazette'', which was edited by W. T. Stead. Shaw wrote book reviews. Special issues of the ''Pall Mall Gazette'' published some investigative journalism Stead did, "The Maiden Tribute to the Modern Babylon," about selling girls for sexual slavery (which lead to the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1885). ===The Pictorial World=== The Pictorial World was an illustrated weekly newspaper that published between 7 March 1874 and 9 July 1892, or perhaps a new series began in 1891 (conflicting library records). According to its first issue, <blockquote> The Programme of The Pictorial World may be given in a few words. It is to present to the great middle-class of England, and of all English-speaking countries, a weekly illustrated record of passing events, which shall be pure in tone, amusing in its contents, and graceful to the eye— a paper which will depict faithfully with pen and pencil both "what the world says" and "what the world does." In The Pictorial World authors and artists will work together— each will inspire the other; and the cut-and-dried style of article shall be as much as possible avoided. It will therefore largely depend upon external help and kindnesses, and will open its pages to interesting sketches, far-brought novelties, and hints from friends at home and abroad. Such, in brief outline, is our wish and plan: we offer this first number as an earnest of our desire to carry it out; our succeeding numbers will show a progressive improvement. Appealing for public support, we look confidently to the future. (1884-03-07 Pictorial World) </blockquote> Lady Violet Greville says she wrote anonymously or pseudonymously for the ''Pictorial World'' (1894-04-04 Sketch 5, Col. 1C), perhaps shortly after it began publication. Mary Elizabeth Braddon published ''The Golden Calf'' in the ''Pictorial World'', 1882–1883. George Robert Sims published a series called "How the Poor Live" beginning in 1883. ===The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper=== The weekly newspaper (published on Saturdays) ''Queen'' was marketed to women in the "upper ten thousand," an expression originally used for American Society but later translated to the U.K. Through a couple of major changes, the last major one of which occurred in 1970, what was the ''Queen'' is now ''Harper's Bazaar''. A column called "The Upper Ten Thousand at Home and Abroad" appeared regularly by the end of the 19th century detailing the movements and social events of the royals, aristocracy, political leaders and plutocrats. Adern Holt seems to have been the major writer for fashion, at least in 1897, including an advice column for fashion, dress and costumes. Mitchell's ''Newspaper Press Directory, 1895'' has this for its entry for the ''Queen'': <blockquote>Q<small>UEEN</small>. Saturday, 6''d''. Established 1861. P<small>RINCIPLES</small>: Neutral. It is particularly intended for ladies' reading, as it provides that which ladies have hitherto so much needed in this country; the ''earliest'' colored fashion-plates from Paris, and original work-patterns by the best designers. It has many novel departments, in which ladies communicate useful observations and criticisms. "Pastimes," "Domestic and Rural Economy," and "Domestic Pets," are also included; and a large space is given to "Receipts" for family use. Pastimes for ladies, a charade, a novel, or a sprightly sketch, vary the contents. Court and fashionable news are fully reported and the paper is well illustrated. Published by Horace Cox, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. (Advt., p. 252.)<ref name=":2" />{{rp|75}}</blockquote>The ad for the ''Queen'' in Mitchell's ''Newspaper Press Directory, 1895'' looks like this: <blockquote>Queen, the Lady's Newspaper. This newspaper is the great organ of the ladies of the upper classes in Great Britain. The latest Paris and other fashions are given every week, together with patterns and descriptions of the newest work, illustrated in the best style of art. The following list will show the chief features of the paper: — [what follows is a 2-column list with a vertical rule between the 2 columns, which break after "Society in Paris" and before "Work of all kinds."] :Leaders on interesting and current topics :The Exchange :Dramatic critiques :Paris and other fashions :Gleanings from new books :The boudoir :The housekeeper :The opera, concerts, &c. :Society in Paris :Work of all kinds :Plants and flowers :Recipes of all kind :New music :Natural History :Court news :Pastimes :New books :Literary and artistic gossip. The QUEEN is also the great medium through which tradesmen and others bring their announcements prominently before the upper ten thousand. These advertisements comprise, among other subjects — dress and fashion, country wants, governesses, schools, books, furniture, pastimes, domestic wants, music, toilet requisites, servants, &c. In addition to the above, the QUEEN presents a monthly coloured fashion sheet and monthly coloured work patterns, a monthly cut paper pattern, and illustrations (coloured and plain) of all new fancy work, domestic inventions, fashions, &c. Prince 6c.; stamped 6 1/2d.; yearly subscription, pain in advance, 28s.; half yearly, 14s.; quarterly, 7s. Specimen copy post free for six stamps. Published every Saturday by Horace Cox, Bream's-buildings, Chancery-lane.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|252, Col. 3a}}</blockquote> === Society === In a posting on the Victoria listserv, Patrick Leary says,<blockquote>According to the ''Waterloo Directory'', the penny weekly magazine ''Society'' ran from 1878 to 1890.  The editor was George Plant, and it was printed by Unwin Brothers.  The entry lists [illustrator] Phil May as a contributor. I couldn't find the journal online — that generic title is hard to zero in on — but the British Library has a full run of the paper; the Bodleian has a partial one.   <p> Fox-Bourne's history of the press has a little bit more about ''Society'' here https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uga1.32108003235689&seq=325.<ref>Leary, Patrick. "Re: [VICTORIA] Phil May." ''Victoria: The Online Discussion Forum for Victorian Studies.'' 14 July 2024.</ref></blockquote>In a reply to the same thread on the Victoria listserv, Richard Fulton says,<blockquote>The ''Union List of Victorian Serials'' lists ''Society'' as running under that title from 12 mar 1880 to 31 Aug 1901. It also notes that the magazine started out life in 1879 as the ''Mail Budget''.<ref>Fulton, Richard. "Re: [VICTORIA] Phil May." ''Victoria: The Online Discussion Forum for Victorian Studies.'' 15 July 2024.</ref></blockquote> === The (London) Standard and Evening Standard === The London ''Standard'' was the first of these two newspapers, founded in 1827.<ref name=":3">JRW [John Richard Wood]. "''Standard'' (1827–1916)." ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland''. Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, gen. eds. Gent: Academia Press; London: The British Library, 2009: 596, Col. 2c – 597, Col. 1a.</ref>{{rp|596, Col. 2c}} An advertisement in Mitchell's for "The Standard, Morning and Evening," says that it is "the leading daily newspaper" and<blockquote>contains full Parliamentary, Law, Police, and Commercial Intelligence, together with Critiques on all noteworthy productions in the worlds of Art, Literature, Music, and the Drama, and a carefully-revised Epitome of the general News of the day.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|81}}</blockquote> Addresses: 103, 104 and 105 Shoe Lane and 23 Bride Street, London, E.C. ==== London Standard ==== The London ''Standard'' became a daily paper in 1857. In the 19th century, the ''Standard'' and the ''Morning Standard'' are the same paper. ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' says of the London ''Standard'',<blockquote>in 1878 the paper passed into the control and editorship of William Heseltine Mudford and by the mid-1880's the / Standard had become a powerful force in conservative journalism* with a circulation of 250,000. Its leader* writers included Alfred Austin* and Thomas Escott*. George Alfred Henty, the author of stories for boys, was its war* correspondent*.<ref name=":3" />{{rp|596, Col. 2c – 597, Col. 1a; asterisks sic, references to articles in the book}}</blockquote> The 1895 ''Mitchell''<nowiki/>'s says,<blockquote>S<small>TANDARD</small>. Daily, 1''d''. Established as a Morning Paper, June 29, 1857. P<small>RINCIPLES</small>: Conservative. While maintaining Conservative principles, ''The Standard'' reserves the right to apply those principles to the questions of the day, without regard to party politics, or special devotion to the views of party leaders. On all political questions it is remarkably impartial in the admission to its columns of letters from any man whose position gives him a right to speak, be his views what they may. In the matter of Parliamentory news ''The Standard'' is the one London Penny Journal that has not adopted the system of very abridged reports. The paper has of late paid great attention to foreign correspondence: more particularly such as is forwarded by telegraph from all parts of the world. In literary and dramatic criticism it exercises a careful selection of productions worthy of notice for praise or blame; but the complete display of '''him''' and foreign news is its chief distinguishing feature. Reports relating to markets, racing, cricket, and boating are very fully given. Published by A. Gibbs, 104, Shoe Lane, E.C. (Advt., p. 81)<ref name=":2">Mitchell, Charles. ''Newspaper Press Directory, 1895''. [Hathi Trust via U Wisconsin Madison.] London: C. Mitchell & Co., 1895. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015085486150 (accessed January 2023).</ref>{{rp|60, Col. 1b}}</blockquote> ==== London Evening Standard ==== ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' says, "The ''Evening Standard'' was issued as a sister newspaper [of the London ''Standard''] in 1860."<ref name=":3" />{{rp|596, Col. 2c}}. From Brake and Demoor: The ''Pall Mall Gazette'': "only to be dissolved in 1923 into Lord Beaverbrook's ''Evening Standard''" (478, Col. 1c). The ''Standard'': "the paper was acquired by C. Arthur Pearson* in 1904, when its circulation was 80,000. The ''Standard'' ceased publication in 1916, but the ''Evening Standard'' continued"{{rp|597, Col. 1a}}. The 1895 Mitchell's says,<blockquote>E<small>VENING STANDARD</small>. Daily, 1''d'', Estab. 1827. P<small>RINCIPLES</small>: Conservative. Under the same management as the Standard published in the morning. Published by A. Gibbs, 104, Shoe Lane, E.C. (Advt., p. 81.)<ref name=":2" /> (60, Col. 1c)</blockquote>An advertisement for the ''Evening Standard'' says that although it was an evening paper, it published 4 editions, the last (or "Latest") must have been very late:<blockquote>Published four times daily, gives the Day's Law, '''Police''', Markets, Commercial Meetings, Stock Exchange Quotations, &c. The Latest or "S<small>PECIAL</small>" Edition contains, in addition, the Day's Racing, and (during the Parliamentary Session) a full Summary of the Debates in both Houses of Parliament.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|81}}</blockquote> === The Star of Guernsey === Not to be confused with the radical paper ''The Star'', the ''Star of Guernsey'', as the 1895 Mitchell's says,<blockquote>Is published every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, price 1d., or by post 1¹/₂d. to any part of the United Kingdom, France, and most parts of the Continent.<p> The STAR circulates very extensively through the Channel Islands, and large numbers are sent to the United Kingdom, the Colonies, France and America, it is, therefore, an excellent medium for advertisers.<ref name=":2" /> (315, Col. 3a)</blockquote>The proprietors were Marquand & Co. STAR Office, Guernsey. === The St. James's Gazette === The 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' says the ''St. James's Gazette'' was published at 3:00 p.m.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|56a}}<blockquote>S<small>T. JAMES'S GAZETTE</small>. 1''d''. Established 1880. The ''St. James's Gazette'' is an independent and progressive Conservative newspaper, which, while consistently supporting constitutional principles, the maintenance of the empire, and the supremacy of the law in every portion of the dominions of the Crown, is in favour of moderate and ordered reform. It gives with point, brevity, and accuracy all the most important news of the day, the latest money market reports, racing news, Parliamentary Intelligence, Police News, Foreign Telegrams, &c. Special attention is given to American, Continental, and Indian Intelligence. Published at Dorset Street, Whitefriars.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|60, Col. 2b}}</blockquote> ===Sussex Agricultural Express=== The ''Sussex Agricultural Express'', in describing a social event in which the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire, as Mayor and Mayoress, decorated Devonshire House again, refers to some of the men who worked for the Duke and Duchess in January 1898: "Mr. J. P. Cockerell, the Duke of Devonshire's indefatigable agent called to his aid a willing and competent staff from Compton Place, including Mr. W. S. Lawrence, the house steward, and Mr. May, the gardener."<ref>"Sunday School Festival: Speech by the Duke." ''Sussex Agricultural Express'' 29 January 1898, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 5b–6a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000654/18980129/182/0007.</ref> === Vanity Fair === Not the American magazine, a society magazine (7 November 1868 – 5 February 1914).<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-12-26|title=Vanity Fair (British magazine)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)&oldid=1191870176|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine).</ref> The caricature portraits<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2022-06-01|title=List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures&oldid=1090963973|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures.</ref> of famous men and, occasionally, women were and continue to be an important contribution by this magazine, by people like Spy and Drawl (Leslie Ward) and Max Beerbohm, including other notable artists. ===The Times=== The 1895 ''Mitchell's Newspaper Press Directory'' includes the ''Times'' among the morning papers: <blockquote>The Times. Daily, 3d. Established January 1, 1788, (weekly edition, 2d., established January, 1877.) Principles: Church of England in religion; Free Trade in mercantile and commercial transactions. This, the leading journal of Europe, has for the field of its circulation, emphatically, the WORLD, and its influence is co-extensive with civilization. The connection is clear between the circulation and the advertisements. Not so clear is the relation between the circulation and the influence: to some extent the influence may be the effect; but chiefly, we suspect, the cause. The consciousness that thousands upon thousands read, creates some impression, an idea which may be to some extent the source of influence and of power. But there is in the influence of the Times something more substantial, more potent, than can be accounted for by the mere consciousness of its enormous circulation; it is "looked up to" all over Europe, and it is the only paper which men of all parties, and all classes, read and speak of. Other papers may be more preferred by particular classes, but all read the Times, who can; just because it is not possible to predicate its course on any question as regulated by the interest of any party or class: and it is known that it always acts on views of its own. It deals out its denunciations with equal force and freedom on all parties in their turn, with a boldness and decision quite characteristic; but not unfrequently, with great indifference to the consistency of its opinions. Hence all parties are uncertain what next they may exult in, a fiery storm invective against their antagonists or suffer the infliction themselves. It is distinguished for its reports of parliamentary and legal proceedings. It does not devote much of its space to literature and the fine arts; but its reviews and criticisms are forcibly and cleverly written. Published by G. E. Wright Printing House Square, E.C.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|57}}</blockquote> Costing 3d. per daily issue, the "Latest Time for Ads." for the ''Times'' was 7 p.m., and the "Time Published" was 5 a.m.<ref name=":2" />{{rp|56}} === Westminster Gazette === George Newnes founded the ''Westminster Gazette'' in 1893 as the "radical liberal successor" to the ''Pall Mall Gazette'', after it had been purchased "by Tory interests."<ref name=":1">JRW [John Richard Wood]. "Westminster Gazette." ''The Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Northern Ireland''. Laurel Brake and Marysa Demoor, gen. eds. Gent: Academia Press; London: The British Library, 2009: 672, Col. 1c.</ref> A "'clubland' 1d evening daily," it was called the "pea-green incorruptible" (the pea-green because of the green paper it was printed on).<ref name=":1" /> The ''Westminster Gazette'' merged with the ''Daily News'' in 1928.<ref name=":1" /> Edward Tays Cook was editor 1893–1895, and John Alfred Spender 1895–1928.<ref name=":1" /> ===The Woman's World=== November 1887 – Editor, Oscar Wilde (April 1887 – by October 1889) Sub-Editor, Arthur Fish ''The Woman's World'' ceased publication not long after Wilde left it. ''The Queen'' was a competitor. [[Social Victorians/People/Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] took over the editorship of ''The Lady's World'' in April 1887, changing its title (to ''The Woman's World'') and its mission.<ref name=":8">Fitzsimons, Eleanor. "Entering ''The Woman’s World'': Oscar Wilde as Editor of a Woman’s Magazine." ''The Victorian Web'' 17 September 2015. http://www.victorianweb.org/. Rpt. ''Academia'' https://www.academia.edu/15813341/Entering_The_Woman_s_World_Oscar_Wilde_as_Editor_of_a_Woman_s_Magazine. Rpt.? Eleanor Fitzsimons, ''Wilde's Women: How Oscar Wilde Was Shaped by the Women He Knew'' (Duckworth Overlook, 2015).</ref> ''The Lady's World'' was "a high-end, illustrated monthly magazine produced by Cassell and Company" that focused on fashion.<ref name=":8" /> ''The Woman's World'' was significantly redesigned for its November 1887 first issue:<blockquote>A fresh cover design featured Wilde’s name prominently with key contributors listed below. In a significant departure from convention, each article was attributed to its author by name. Wilde also increased the page count from thirty-six to forty-eight, and relegated fashion to the back while promoting literature, art, travel and social studies. Gone entirely were ‘Fashionable Marriages’, ‘Society Pleasures’, ‘Pastimes for Ladies’ and ‘Five o’clock Tea’. In his ‘Literary and Other Notes’, Wilde demonstrated unequivocal support for the greater participation of women in public life.<ref name=":8" /></blockquote>The "keynote" of ''The Woman's World'', according to Arthur Fish, was "the right of woman to equality of treatment with man."<ref name=":8" /> Wilde wrote to Thomas Wemyss Reid, General Manager of Cassells, that he wanted ''The Woman's World'' to "take a wider range, as well as a high standpoint, and deal not merely with what women wear, but with what they think, and what they feel."{{rp|qtd. in}}<ref name=":8" /> Eleanor Fitzsimons looks at the new way the periodical treated women's fashion under Wilde's editorship: "Although fashion remained a key feature, a conventional round-up of the season’s trends was supplemented with articles on cross-dressing, aesthetic design and rational dress."<ref name=":8" /> ===The World: A Journal for Men and Women=== The first number of the ''World'' was 8 July 1874. Edmund Yates and E. C. Grenville Murray were proprietors until 1874; Yates was editor from the beginning until the end of his life in 1894.<ref>Edwards, P. D. "Journalism." "Edmund Yates." ''Victorian Fiction Research Guides''. No. 3. Online. Accessed April 2017: http://victorianfictionresearchguides.org/edmund-yates/journalism/.</ref> Yates wrote editorials under the pseudonym Atlas. According to P. D. Edwards, the ''World'' was <blockquote>a weekly newspaper dedicated to the style of ‘personal journalism’ that Yates had been perfecting in his various gossip columns for nearly twenty years. Its appeal was to men and women of the world: clubmen, sportsmen, hangers-on of the literary, theatrical, and artistic worlds, fashionable and would-be fashionable ladies. After a few months it became a conspicuous and continuing success, generating hosts of imitators and inaugurating, it is generally agreed, the most distinctive twentieth-century style of journalism.<ref>Edwards, P. D. "Introduction." "Edmund Yates." ''Victorian Fiction Research Guides''. No. 3. Online. Accessed April 2017: http://victorianfictionresearchguides.org/edmund-yates/.</ref></blockquote> Some of the people who wrote for the ''World'' during Yates' editorship were [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|G. B. Shaw]], [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lady Violet Greville]], and so on. It looks like the ''Clifton Society'' reprinted "What the World Says" columns from ''The World''. == Earlier in the Century == === The Court Journal, and Gazette of the Fashionable World, Literature, Music and the Fine Arts === Google Books has a few volumes of this paper. It was a weekly, 3 columns, 6''d''. per issue, 6''s''. 6''d''. per quarter. Publishing Office: 21, Catherine-street, The Strand. Ads at the end of each issue, ~15 pages. It had a section called "Court and Fashionable Gossip." There's no ''Wikipedia'' page on it, so I'm not certain of the run, but the issue dated 2 April 1853 is No. 1243, No. 264 New Series. Google Books has # 1833 (https://books.google.com/books?id=2KYEo3j3YL8C) # 1835 (https://books.google.com/books?id=LLcRAAAAYAAJ) # 1848 (https://books.google.com/books?id=4pIechTAkPIC) # 1853 (https://books.google.com/books?id=JKhUGEnNVTwC) # 1854 (https://books.google.com/books?id=naw0BY8lYh8C) # 1858 (https://books.google.com/books?id=JhJ_hI-lxCsC) # 1859 (https://books.google.com/books?id=1VcG8C2nbv4C) The 1853 volume has 40 issues. # ''The Court Journal, and Gazette of the Fashionable World, Literature, Music and the Fine Arts'', 2 April 1853 (No. 1243; No. 263 New Series): . https://books.google.com/books?id=JKhUGEnNVTwC # ''The Court Journal ...'', 9 April 1853 (No. 1244; No. 264 New Series): 225–240. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 16 April 1853 (No. 1245; No. 265 New Series): 241–256. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 23 April 1853 (No. 1246; No. 266 New Series): 257–272. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 1 May 1853 (No. 1247; No. 267 New Series): 273–288. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 7 May 1853 (No. 1248; No. 268 New Series): 289–304. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 14 May 1853 (No. 1249; No. 269 New Series): 305–320. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 21 May 1853 (No. 1250; No. 270 New Series): 321–336. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 28 May 1853 (No. 1251; No. 271 New Series): 337–352. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 4 June 1853 (No. 1252; No. 272 New Series): 353–376. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 11 June 1853 (No. 1253; No. 273 New Series): 377–392. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 18 June 1853 (No. 1254; No. 274 New Series): 393–416. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 25 June 1854 (No. 1255; No. 275 New Series): 415–440. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 2 July 1854 (No. 1256; No. 276 New Series): 441–456. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 9 July 1854 (No. 1257; No. 277 New Series): 457–472. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 16 July 1854 (No. 1258; No. 278 New Series): 473–488. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 23 July 1854 (No. 1259; No. 279 New Series): 489–504. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 30 July 1854 (No. 1260; No. 280 New Series): 505–520. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 6 August 1854 (No. 1261; No. 281 New Series): 521–536. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 13 August 1854 (No. 1262; No. 282 New Series): 537–552. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 20 August 1854 (No. 1263; No. 283 New Series): 553–568. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 27 August 1854 (No. 1264; No. 284 New Series): 569–584. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 3 September 1854 (No. 1265; No. 285 New Series): 585–600. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 10 September 1854 (No. 1266; No. 286 New Series): 601–616. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 17 September 1854 (No. 1267; No. 287 New Series): 617–632. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 24 September 1854 (No. 1268; No. 288 New Series): 633–648. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 1 October 1854 (No. 1269; No. 289 New Series): 649–664. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 8 October 1854 (No. 1270; No. 290 New Series): 665–680. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 15 October 1854 (No. 1271; No. 291 New Series): 681–696. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 22 October 1854 (No. 1272; No. 292 New Series): 697–712. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 29 October 1854 (No. 1273; No. 293 New Series): 713–728. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 5 November 1854 (No. 1274; No. 294 New Series): 729–744. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 12 November '''1853''' (No. 1275; No. 295 New Series): 745–760. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 19 November 1853 (No. 1276; No. 296 New Series): 761–776. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 26 November 1853 (No. 1277; No. 297 New Series): 777–792. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 3 December 1853 (No. 1278; No. 298 New Series): 793–808. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 10 December 1853 (No. 1279; No. 299 New Series): 809–824. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 17 December 1853 (No. 1280; No. 300 New Series): 825–840. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 24 December 1853 (No. 1281; No. 301 New Series): 841–856. # ''The Court Journal ...'', 31 December 1853 (No. 1282; No. 302 New Series): 857–872. == Magazines and Other Periodicals == === The Lady === Founded by Thomas Gibson Bowles (1842–1922) in 1885, The Lady is still in publication. I haven't found any copies of 19th-century issues. === The Lady's Realm: An Illustrated Monthly Magazine === Gossipy, with a focus on the aristocracy and fashionable and news about the Season. Some fiction and poetry, mostly written by women with titles. * 1898, May–October, Vol. IV (): https://books.google.com/books?id=KG8-AAAAYAAJ * 1899, May–October, Vol. VI (): https://books.google.com/books?id=LG4-AAAAYAAJ * 1900, November–April, Vol. IX (): * 1901–1902, November–April, Vol. XI (): https://books.google.com/books?id=94x2MboTkX8C === London Society: A Monthly Magazine of Light and Amusing Literature for the Hours of Relaxation === A lot of serialized fiction, but Alexander Henry Wylie seems to have had an article in each issue about Society in one way or another. * 1889, July–December, Vol. LVI (56): https://books.google.com/books?id=oz0ZAAAAYAAJ * 1890, January–June, Vol. LVII (57): https://books.google.com/books?id=tSZKAAAAMAAJ * 1890 July–December, Vol. LVIII (58): https://books.google.com/books?id=-zIZAAAAYAAJ * * 1892 July–December, Vol. LXII (62): https://books.google.com/books?id=A1GAbrVRCDUC * etc. ==== Alexander Henry Wylie, "Society in 1892." ''London Society'' December 1892 (Vol. LXII): 611–614. ==== Anti-Semitism alert; classism alert. <blockquote> SO much has been written by Lady Cork, Lady Jeune, Mr. Mallock, and other writers on "society," that it seems superfluous to add anything to what they have contributed to various magazines; but to an on-looker who does not go to "every lighted candle " the question naturally arises, What is now called "society?" There was a time, say, thirty years ago, when undoubtedly there was such a thing, leaving out, of course, the political ladies, who owed it to their party and their husbands to entertain ''all'' that were "on their side of the House." That we leave entirely alone, although in the case of Lady Palmerston (who stands alone, as a political lady, from an entertaining point of view), she steered clear of receiving any one who was not a friend, a relation, a person of birth and position, a ''great'' luminary in the political world, a celebrated author, or in some way ''entitled'' to an invitation to the best ''salon'' the London world has seen for many generations, and, so far, is ever likely to see again. Frances, Lady Waldegrave had a ''salon'', but of a totally different kind: pleasant, yes, certainly; but cosmopolitan, undoubtedly. A loss she certainly is, not to the "great world," but to those who in every sense almost were her inferiors, and who would like to go out every night of their lives in a frivolous round of what they call "society." But I maintain "society " of thirty years ago does not exist at the present day. One most important cause is, notwithstanding what may be said to the contrary — and there are those who must own it to themselves — "You forget we have daughters to marry." No, I do not forget it, but strongly maintain all the more, considering the ''present'' state of "society," that the fathers and mothers should more than ever protect their sons and daughters from allying themselves with those whose family are in no way suited to their own, and whose only qualification is money. After all, what is money? Surely it is dearly bought if you have to marry it, and it alone; probably there is not an idea in common with the family who possess it, on either side, father or mother; they may never even have had grandfathers, or if so, probably of very humble origin, and in no way can their offspring be suitable companions for your children for life, and very often when married in a much higher sphere they expect that you have married not only themselves, but, also, their families. But to return to "society" as it now is. What is it? A new word has cropped up within the last ten years: "smart" society. Is it recruited from blood? assuredly not. Is it exemplary virtue? assuredly not. Is it exquisite wit? No, it is rich Jews, Americans, and those who must be ''en Evidence'', and that they only can be from entertainments that alone cost far more than the very highest giving of the aristocracy of our country could or would deem it expedient to afford in so poor a cause; but the ''nouveaux riches'' have to buy their way into our present London society, and except by spending large sums this end cannot be attained. Their ostentatious display would in itself prevent, and does prevent, many of the "noble of the land" from ever encouraging their impertinent overtures to induce them to visit them or to recognize them socially in any way; but there are those who "jump" at the invitations the minute they arrive, and a ready response is sent, only too willingly. But in many instances the excuse for going to these houses is, "You know we have ''all'' our daughters to marry and those people "who give these gorgeous feasts are all so colossally rich." Are they? Not always. Ask them in view of marriage to ''settle'' a sum on your son or daughter, as the case may be, and the answer generally is, "Trust to us to make money matters all right." We know in several instances the value of these assurances. While money lasts they probably make a fair allowance to the young couple, but a crash comes, and where is ''the fair allowance'', not to speak of a "settlement,<nowiki>''</nowiki> which of course has never been made. Mothers who take their daughters to the houses of the ''nouveaux riches'', of whatever nationality, have only themselves to thank if misfortune overtakes their children eventually, if it is by marriage that they have allied themselves to such people. I know at present of three ladies in London, but not in what is now termed "society," who would not for one moment admit any one of the "new" people to their houses. Without doubt they are the most exclusive in London. Happily for them, none of them have "daughters to marry." One is the wife of an exLord Lieutenant of Ireland, and the others, two sisters of high birth and of exquisite refinement, the wives of earls and the daughters of earls. But those distinguished ladies are in the minority; the greatest compliment one can pay them is: "You 'never hear of them;' they are not 'advertising ladies.'" Many of our great ladies no longer exist. Lady William Russell, Lady Holland — where are they? Alas! no longer with us. Cleveland House is, through change of hands, no more the home of the Duchess of Cleveland, and several more hostesses, from one cause and another, entertain no longer, and their places filled — how? Why, not at all. Where is the ''grande dame'' of only a few years ago? True, there are the Embassies, and very well done are all entertainments at them. The Russian and Austrian are quite of the very best description. With such hostesses nothing else could be expected, but where are the ladies of Great Britain? Certainly not in London. Our sovereign and princes never for a moment contemplate competing with the ostentatious plutocrats of to-day. Nor even do our highest aristocracy strive to emulate them; but it might effect a change if they would set an example of aristocratic simplicity, so far as is compatible with their great position. What the ''nouveaux riches'' do not seem to understand, is that there is no true distinction in being rich, and that no ''genuine'' reverence is extended to them simply because of their wealth. One of the greatest signs of their vulgarity is the wanton and purposeless display of opulence by people who have no other possession in the whole world to recommend them. They think they are imitating the "great ones of the land," and, were it worth while, "the great ones" could rebuke them by reducing their expenditure, having fewer domestics, fewer carriages, fewer gardeners and gamekeepers; but even were those things done, I believe the lesson would be lost, and the motive be entirely misunderstood. The ducal simplicity would be ascribed either to personal meanness or to a reduced income. I am afraid it would take a great many men of birth and wealth in these days to enter into a compact to make the experiment in question, before the world at large would even observe that any new moral dogma was being put to the test. London "society" at present is immense, but exclusive "society" is small, smaller than ever; because nowadays it is obliged to discriminate more than ever, lest by accident, unawares, a member of the large London "society" finds his way into the smaller and exclusive drawing-rooms; they know their friends, and "are known by them." Many of the hostesses of the present day know not even the name of the guest the servant announces, but the most distinguished men of the day are totally unknown in the houses of the ''nouveaux riches''. A certain set of people may go, of aristocratic birth, but probably they are impecunious (if not daughters to marry), and they think there is sure to be a good cook. A foreign royalty may go, but that is by mistake; H.R.H. may have been misled as to the social status of his host, and on his second visit to London will not again make the mistake he did on first visiting our shores. Let us hope that another season we may still have the exclusive hostesses with us, and that they will entertain in their usual unostentatious and high-bred manner. The last season was broken up by the dissolution of Parliament to a certain extent, but above all by the overwhelming calamity which happened to T.R.H. the Prince and the Princess of Wales, Her Majesty the Queen, the Royal Family, and to the nation at large.<ref>Alexander Henry Wylie, "Society in 1892." ''London Society'' December 1892 (Vol. LXII): 611–614.</ref>{{rp|611–614}} </blockquote> === The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality === Begun by William Ingram and Clement Shorter as an addition to the Illustrated London News, the Sketch was first edited by Clement Shorter (ed. 1893–1900). It focused on "high society and the aristocracy" (Wikipedia. "The Sketch." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sketch). It was printed and published by Ingram Brothers, 198, Strand, London and cost sixpence. The British Library holds a complete run, but as of August 2016, it was not part of the British Newspaper Archive; many of the volumes below were digitized and are probably held at the University of Minnesota. Google Books has some issues; I need Vol. 18, and have found the following: *Wednesday 2 August 1893, No. 27, through 25 October 1893, No. 39, Vol. III: https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3w4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false * *Wednesday 31 October 1894, No. 92, through 23 January 1895, No. 104, Vol. VIII: https://books.google.com/books?id=lnw4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 30 January 1895, No. 105, through 24 April 1895, No. 117, Vol. IX: https://books.google.com/books?id=1304AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 1 May 1895, No. 118, through 24 July 1895, No. 130, Vol. X: https://books.google.com/books?id=A344AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false * *Wednesday 30 October 1895, No. 144, through 22 January 1896, Vol. XII: https://books.google.com/books?id=P344AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *1896, Vol. 13: https://books.google.com/books?id=7qI6mzrUr_QC&pg=PA340&dq=the+sketch+a+journal+of+art+and+actuality+volume+18&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwifrq-cheDOAhUF1x4KHS1pA4IQ6AEIKDAC *Wednesday 29 April 1896, No. 170, through 22 July 1896, No. 182, Vol. XIV, plus Supplement: https://books.google.com/books?id=fH44AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 29 July 1896, No. 183, through 21 October 1897, No. 195, Vol. XV: https://books.google.com/books?id=sH44AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 28 October 1896, No. 196, Vol. XVI, through 9 December 1896, No. 202, Vol. XVI: https://books.google.com/books?id=uX44AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false * *Wednesday 28 April 1897, No. 222, through 21 July 1897, No. 234, Vol. XVIII: https://books.google.com/books?id=fQxIAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 28 July 1897, No. 235, through 20 October 1897, No. 247, Vol. XIX: https://books.google.com/books?id=JH84AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday January 26 1898, No. 261, through 20 April 1898, No. 273, Vol. XXI: https://books.google.com/books?id=Z384AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false * *Wednesday 27 July 1898, No. 287, through 19 October 1898, No. 299, Vol. XXIII: https://books.google.com/books?id=kn84AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 26 October 1898, No. 300, through 18 January 1899, No. 312, Vol. XXIV: https://books.google.com/books?id=sn84AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false * *Wednesday 25 October 1899, No. 352, through 17 January 1900, No. 364, Vol. XXVIII: https://books.google.com/books?id=4n84AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Wednesday 24 January 1900, No. 365, through 18 April 1900, No. 377, Vol. XXIX: https://books.google.com/books?id=G4A4AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false *Vol. XXX *Vol. XXXI *Vol. XXXII *Vol. XXXIII *Vol. XXXIV *Vol. XXXV *Vol. XXXVI *Vol. XXXVII *Vol. XXXVIII *Vol. XXXIX *Vol. XL *Vol. XLI *Vol. XLII *Vol. XLIII *Vol. XLIV *Vol. XLV *Vol. XLVI * *Vol. XLIX * *Vol. LI * *Vol. LIII *Vol. LVI === Quarterlies === * ''The Fortnightly Review'' (1865–; V. 62-63, 1894-95; V. 64-66, 1895-96) (British Library DSC Shelfmark 4018.340000) === Minor Magazines === * ''The Chameleon,'' an undergraduate literary magazine published by Oxford undergraduates. Lord Alfred Douglas's "Two Loves" was originally published in the December 1894 issue. == Resources for Working with Victorian Periodicals == === Researching the Periodicals, Authors, Etc. === * ''The Curran Index to Nineteenth-Century Periodicals'': https://www.curranindex.org/. Citing: Database: ''The Curran Index'', eds. Lars Atkin and Emily Bell. 2017-present. curranindex.org. Entry: ‘[Page Title].’ ''The Curran Index'', eds. Lars Atkin and Emily Bell. [URL], [date of access]. The Currran Index builds on the work in the ''Wellesley Index'', below. * ''The Wellesley Index To Victorian Periodicals 1824–1900''. 5 Vols. Ed., Walter E. Houghton. U of Toronto Press, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966. *# Volume I ([[iarchive:wellesleyindexto0001unse/|https://archive.org/details/wellesleyindexto0001unse]]) *#* ''Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine'' *#* ''The Contemporary Review'' *#* ''The Cornhill Magazine'' *#* ''The Edinburgh Review'' (including the years 1802–1823) *#* ''The Home and Foreign Review'' *#* ''Macmillan's Magazine'' *#* ''The North British Review'' *#* ''The Quarterly Review'' *# Volume II (https://archive.org/details/wellesleyindexto0002unse) *#* ''Bentley's Quarterly Review'' *#* ''The Dublin Review'' *#* ''The Foreign Quarterly Review'' *#* ''The Fortnightly Review'' *#* ''Fraser's Magazine'' *#* ''The London Review'' (1829) *#* ''The National Review'' (1883–) *#* ''The New Quarterly Magazine'' *#* ''The Nineteenth Century'' *#* ''The Oxford and Cambridge Magazine'' (1856) *#* ''The Rambler'' (1848–1862) *#* ''The Scottish Review'' (1882–) *#Volume III (https://archive.org/details/wellesleyindexto0003unse) *#*''Ainsworth Magazine'' *#*''The Atlantis'' *#*''The British and Foreign Review'' *#*''The London Review'' (1835–1836) *#*''The London and Westminster Review'' (1836–1840) *#*''The Modern Review'' *#*''The Monthly Chronicle'' *#*''The National Review'' (1855–1864) *#*''The New Monthly Magazine'' (1821–1854) *#*''The New Review'' *#*''The Prospective Review'' *#*''Saint Pauls'' *#*''Temple Bar'' *#*''The Theological Review'' *#*''The Westminster Review'' (1824–1836, 1840–1900) *#Volume IV (https://archive.org/details/wellesleyindexto0004unse) *#*''Bentley's Miscellany'' *#*''The British Quarterly Review'' *#*''The Dark Blue'' *#*''The Dublin University Magazine'' *#*''The London Quarterly Review'' *#*''Longman's Magazine'' *#*''Tait's Edinburgh Magazine'' (1832–1855) *#*''The University Magazine'' *#Volume V, Ed., Jean Harris Slingerland (https://archive.org/details/wellesleyindexto0005unse) *#*Epitome and Index * Directories ** [Mitchell's] Newspaper Press Directory, Vol. 52. London: Messrs C. Mitchell & Co., 1897: [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015085486150&view=1up&seq=250&q1=%22The+Lady%22 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015085486150] * ''Victorian Fiction Research Guides'': https://victorianfictionresearchguides.org/ === Sources of Digitized Periodicals === * The ''British Newspaper Archive'': https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/. The page numbering in the BNA does not match the page numbers on the printed page, and the title may not be accurate for that date, either. (e.g., 63 [of 97 in BNA; p. on print page], Col. 2a–3a [3 of 3 cols.]) * ''Google Books'' has some periodicals digitized and still available through them. * The ''Hathi Trust Digital Library'': https://www.hathitrust.org/ (accessed December 2022). * ''Internet Archive'': [[iarchive:howtodoitordire00unkngoog/page/n68/mode/2up|https://archive.org/details/]] * Library of Congress ''Chronicling America'' (for American newspapers): https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/ * The London ''Times'' * The ''Newspaper Archive'': https://newspaperarchive.com/ * ''The Online Books Page'' University of Pennsylvania Libraries: https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ (accessed December 2022) * ''Open Access Nineteenth-century Periodicals'', at The Victorian Web: https://victorianweb.org/periodicals/openaccess.html ==Bibliography== *[1884-03-07 Pictorial World] The Pictorial World 7 March 1874 (1:1). Old Pictorial: Press from Our Past. Online http://www.oldpictorial.com/publishedby/pictorial-world/. *[1894-04-04 Sketch 5, Col. 1C] "L. E." "A Chat with Lady Violet Greville." The Sketch 4 April 1894, Wednesday: 5, Col. 1A. (Behind paywall: http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001860/18940404/007/0005) Accessed December 2016. *Beetham, Margaret, and Kay Boardman, eds. Victorian Women's Magazines: An Anthology. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2001. Google Books. *Gliserman, Susan. "Mitchell's 'Newspaper Press Directory': 1846–1907." Victorian Periodicals Newsletter, No. 4 April 1969 (2: 1): 10–29. *Hindle, Wilfred. The Morning Post: 1772–1937, Portrait of a Newspaper. London: Rutledge, 1937. *Leary, Patrick. "Re: [VICTORIA] Victorian news parody." Reply to a posting on the Victoria listserv (victoria@list.indiana.edu). Monday, January 21, 2019 at 9:25 AM. *Miliband, Marion, ed. ''The [London] Observer of the Nineteenth Century, 1791-1901.'' London: Longmans, 1966. DA530.O2. *[Mitchell]. Newspaper Press Directory, Vol. 52. London: Messrs C. Mitchell & Co., 1897. *[NPD 1905] Newspaper Press Directory: And Advertisers' Guide, Containing Full Particulars of Every Newspaper, Magazine, Review, and Periodical Published in the United Kingdom and the British Isles. The Newspaper Map of the United Kingdom, the Continental, American, Indian and Colonial Papers, and a Directory of the Class Papers and Periodicals. Diamond Jubilee Issue. 60th annual issue. London: C. Mitchell and Co., 1905. ''Google Books''. https://books.google.com/books?id=mGMLAAAAYAAJ. *Onslow, Barbara. "The Ladies' Page." Victorian Page: The Web Magazine of Victoriana. Web. Accessed April 2017. http://www.victorianpage.com/VictorianPage-Ladiespage-womensmagazines.html *Sell, Henry. Sell's Dictionary of the World's Press. London, Sell's: 1886. ''Google Books''. https://books.google.com/books?id=SEsCAAAAYAAJ. *Thomas, Frederick Moy, ed. Fifty Years of Fleet Street: The Life and Recollections of Sir John Robinson. London: Macmillan, 1904. Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=-mMLAAAAYAAJ. *Thorold, Algar Labouchere. The Life of Henry Labouchere. New York: G. P. Putnam's, 1913. *[Who's Who 55] Addison, Henry Robert, and Charles Henry Oakes, William John Lawson, Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen, eds. Who's Who, 1903. 55th edition. London, Adam and Charles Black, 1903. Google Books. *Willing's British and Irish Press Guide and Advertiser's Directory and Handbook. ["Late May's."] 18th ed. n.p., 1891. Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=104CAAAAYAAJ. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Newspapers]] gydb94u6aql2t2764x50pam042wkw6c 0 278042 2688848 2471025 2024-11-26T01:15:21Z 74.135.96.249 Nothing 2688848 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Gurue Mount Murresse.jpg|thumb|right|250px|This diversified and partly man-shaped landscape in northern Mozambique has some visual appeal (being ''beautiful'' or ''picturesque''). Credit: [[w:User:Paulo Oliveira|Paulo Oliveira]].]] '''Archaeology''' "studies human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, ecofacts, human remains, and landscapes."<ref name=Crazedandinfused>{{ cite book |author=Crazedandinfused |title=Topic:Archeology |date=September 6, 2007 |url=http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Topic:Archeology&diff=156532&oldid=155948 |accessdate=2013-01-13 }}</ref> It is the study of [[w:human|human]] activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and [[w:analysis|analysis]] of the [[w:material culture|material culture]] and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes [[w:Artifact (archaeology)|artifacts]], [[w:architecture|architecture]], [[w:biofact (archaeology)|biofact]]s and [[w:cultural landscapes|cultural landscapes]] (the [[w:archaeological record|archaeological record]]). Because archaeology employs a wide range of different procedures, it can be considered to be both a [[science]] and a [[Draft:humanities|humanity]].<ref name="Renfrew_Bahn1991">Renfrew and Bahn (2004 [1991]:13)</ref> Archaeology studies human [[history]] from the development of the first [[w:stone tools|stone tools]] in eastern Africa 3.4 million years ago up until recent decades.<ref name="consumption">McPherron, S. P., Z. Alemseged, C. W. Marean, J. G. Wynn, D. Reed, D. Geraads, R. Bobe, and H. A. Bearat. 2010. Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature 466:857-860</ref> (Archaeology does not include the discipline of [[Draft:Paleontology|paleontology]].) It is of most importance for learning about [[w:Prehistory|prehistoric societies]], when there are no written records for historians to study, making up over 99% of total human history, from the [[w:Palaeolithic|Palaeolithic]] until the advent of literacy in any given society.<ref name="Renfrew_Bahn1991"/> {{clear}} ==Theoretical archaeology== [[Image:Archaeological Artifact.jpg|right|thumb|150px|An old lamp was used in houses. Credit: [[c:user:Reniths|Renith Sunil.]]{{tlx|free media}}]] '''Def.''' the "period of time that has already happened"<ref name=PastWikt>{{ cite book |author=[[wikt:User:Tormod|Tormod]] |title=past |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc |location=San Francisco, California |date=13 July 2004 |url=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/past |accessdate=2015-03-28 }}</ref> is called the '''past'''. '''Def.''' the "[[wikt:study|study]] of the past through [[wikt:material|material]] [[wikt:remains|remains]]"<ref name=ArchaeologyWikt>{{ cite book |title=archaeology |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc |location=San Francisco, California |date=October 16, 2012 |url=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/archaeology |accessdate=2012-12-30 }}</ref> is called '''archaeology''', or '''archeology'''. {{clear}} ==Entities== [[Image:Gordon Childe.jpg|thumb|right|250px|This is a photograph taken of the noted archaeologist and socialist V. Gordon Childe, circa 1930s. Credit: Swan Watson, Andrew.]] "[D]ominant groups create and control the meanings and uses of material culture. If other groups wish to be understood by the dominant group, they must express themselves through the goods controlled by the dominant group."<ref name=Shackel>{{ cite book |author=Paul A. Shackel |title=Craft to wage labor Agency and resistance in American historical archaeology, In: ''Agency in Archaeology'' |publisher=Routledge |location=London |date=2000 |editor=Marcia-Anne Dobres and John E. Robb |pages= |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/ANTH/People/FacStaff/faculty/pshackel/Publications/Craft%20to%20Wage%20Labor,%20Agency%20and%20Resistance%20in%20American%20Historical%20Archaeology%202000.pdf |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |isbn= |accessdate=2011-12-06 }}</ref> "But, the privilege afforded a certain dominant group of 'normal' archaeologists in terms of their ways of constructing the past influences all aspects of archaeological practice."<ref name=Dowson>{{ cite journal |author=Thomas A. Dowson |title=Why queer archaeology? An introduction |journal=World Archaeology |year=2000 |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=161-5 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00438240050131144 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1080/00438240050131144 |pmid= |accessdate=2012-01-03 }}</ref> "However, some answers to these questions may emerge from a consideration of the dominant group, that is, the five institutions whose scholars published the most articles in the two periodicals."<ref name=Dyson>{{ cite journal |author=Stephen L. Dyson |title=Two Paths to the past: A Comparative Study of the Last Fifty Years of American Antiquity and the American Journal of Archaeology |journal=American Antiquity |month=April |year=1985 |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=452-63 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/280503 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |accessdate=2012-01-03 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==Landscape archaeology== [[Image:Rural landscape - geograph.org.uk - 440894.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Rural landscape: A steep field is viewed from the B7068 with more pasture beyond by the Water of Milk. Credit: [https://www.geograph.org.uk/profile/6638 Walter Baxter].{{tlx|free media}}]] '''Def.''' an assemblage of surfaces that are a portion of land, region, or territory, observable in its entirety is called a '''landscape'''. '''Landscape''' comprises the visible features of an area of [terrestrial ecoregion] land, including the physical elements of [[w:landform|landform]]s such as (ice-capped) mountains, hills, water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds and the sea, living elements of [[w:land cover|land cover]] including indigenous [[w:vegetation|vegetation]], human elements including different forms of [[w:land use|land use]], buildings and structures, and transitory elements such as [[w:lighting|lighting]] and [[w:weather|weather]] conditions. '''Landscape archaeology''' is the study of the ways in which people in the past constructed and used the environment around them. Landscape archaeology is inherently multidisciplinary in its approach to the study of culture, and is used by both pre-historical, classic, and historic archaeologists. The key feature that distinguishes landscape archaeology from other archaeological approaches to sites is that there is an explicit emphasis on the study of the relationships between material culture, human alteration of land/cultural modifications to landscape, and the natural environment. {{clear}} ==Sources== [[Image:Dolina-Pano-3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Excavations at the site of Gran Dolina, in Atapuerca (Spain), during 2008, are shown. Credit: [[commons:User:Mario Modesto Mata|Mario Modesto Mata]].]] '''Archaeological field survey''' is the method by which archaeologists (often landscape archaeologists) search for archaeological sites and collect information about the location, distribution and organization of past human cultures across a large area (e.g. typically in excess of one hectare, and often in excess of many km²). Surveys are conducted to search for particular archaeological sites or kinds of sites, to detect patterns in the distribution of material culture over regions, to make generalizations or test hypotheses about past cultures, and to assess the risks that development projects will have adverse impacts on archaeological heritage.<ref name="Banning 2002">{{ cite book |author=E. B. Banning |title=Archaeological Survey |date=2002 |publisher=Kluwer Academic Press |location=New York }}</ref> The surveys may be: (a) ''intrusive'' or ''non-intrusive'', depending on the needs of the survey team (and the risk of destroying archaeological evidence if intrusive methods are used) and; (b) ''extensive'' or ''intensive'', depending on the types of research questions being asked of the landscape in question. Surveys can be a practical way to decide whether or not to carry out an excavation (as a way of recording the basic details of a possible site), but may also be ends in themselves, as they produce important information about past human activities in a regional context. Excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains. An excavation site or "dig" is a site being studied. {{clear}} ==Objects== {{main|Rocks/Rocky objects}} [[Image:Stone sphere.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A stone sphere created by the Diquís culture is in the courtyard of the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (National Museum of Costa Rica). Credit: [[w:user:WAvegetarian|WAvegetarian]].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Farm 6 archaeological site, Costa Rica.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Here is a view of the Farm 6 Archaeological site. Credit: A. Egitto.]] [[Image:Pre-Columbian Stone Balls at Palmar Sur, Costa Rica.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Palmar Sur airport park has stone spheres. Credit: [[c:user:Matthewobrien|Matthewobrien]].]] [[Image:Dropa disc.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A small disc with tiny hieroglyphics written on it apparently telling the story of an ancient race of aliens called the Dropa. Credit: Evelyn H. Armstrong.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] '''Def.''' an "object, such as a tool, weapon or ornament, [ceramics or pottery,] structure or finding in an experiment or investigation ... made or shaped by some agent or intelligence, ... [as] a result of external action, the test arrangement, or an experimental error ... rather than an [[wikt:inherent|inherent]] element"<ref name=ArtifactWikt>{{ cite book |title=artifact |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc |location=San Francisco, California |date=12 December 2014 |url=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/artifact |accessdate=2015-03-28 }}</ref> is called an '''artifact''', or '''artefact'''. In June 2014, the Precolumbian Chiefdom Settlements with Stone Spheres of the Diquis was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1160|title=Six new sites inscribed on World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=23 June 2014 }}</ref> The spheres range in size from a few centimetres to over {{convert|2|m|ft}} in diameter, and weigh up to 15 tons.<ref name="bbc2010">{{cite book |title=The stone spheres of Costa Rica |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8593717.stm |date=29 March 2010 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2010-03-31}}</ref> Most are sculpted from gabbro.<ref name="bbc2010"/> The culture of the people who made them disappeared after the Spanish conquest.<ref name="lynch">{{cite book|url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-03/uok-uok032210.php|title=University of Kansas researcher investigates mysterious stone spheres in Costa Rica|author=Brendan M. Lynch|date=22 Mar 2010|accessdate=2010-03-24}}</ref> The first scientific investigation of the spheres was undertaken shortly after their discovery and published in 1943 in ''American Antiquity'', attracting the attention of Samuel Kirkland Lothrop<ref>{{cite book| title=Samuel Kirkland Lothrup, In: ''Biographical memoirs'', Volume 48| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=43U3AD_F9UMC&pg=PA253| page=253| author=National Academy of Sciences| publisher=National Academies Press | date=1877| accessdate=2010-03-31 }}</ref> of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University.<ref>{{cite book| author=Tim McGuinness| title=Costa Rican Diquis Spheres: Sphere history| publisher=mysteryspheres.com| accessdate=2010-03-31| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329102018/http://www.mysteryspheres.com/history.htm}}</ref> In 1948, he and his wife attempted to excavate an unrelated archaeological site in the northern region of Costa Rica.<ref>{{cite book| title= Prehistoric Stone Balls—a Mystery, In: ''Picks from the Past''| url= http://naturalhistorymag.com/print/1353| author=Eleanor Lothrop| publisher=Natural History | date=September 1955| accessdate=2010-03-31}}</ref> In San José he met Doris Stone, who directed the group toward the Diquís Delta region in the southwest ("Valle de Diquís" refers to the valley of the lower Río Grande de Térraba, including the Osa Canton towns of Puerto Cortés, Palmar Norte, and Sierpe.<ref>[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/costaricagaz.shtml#Diquis Gazetteer of Costa Rican Plant-Collecting Locales: Diquís (or Dikís)] from the website of the Missouri Botanical Garden</ref> The Dropa stones or discs may be a series of at least 716 circular stone discs, dating back 12,000 years, on which tiny hieroglyph-like markings may be found.<ref name="Fanthorpe">{{cite book|author1=R. Lionel Fanthorpe|author2=Patricia Fanthorpe|author3=P. A. Fanthorpe|title=Mysteries and Secrets of the Masons: The Story Behind the Masonic Order|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MXIIDlFKgcEC&pg=PA40&dq=dropa+stones|year=2006|publisher=Dundurn Press|isbn=978-1-55002-622-1|location=Toronto, Canada|pages=39–41}}</ref><ref name="Vintner2011">{{cite book|author=J. C. Vintner|title=Ancient Earth Mysteries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BzhZ_C3ccbwC&pg=PA23|date=2 September 2011|publisher=AEM Publishing|page=23 }}</ref> Each disc is claimed to measure up to {{convert|1|ft|cm}} in diameter and carry two grooves, originating from a hole in their center, in the form of a double spiral.<ref name=BadArchaeology>{{cite book |title=The Dropa (or Dzopa) stones |url=http://www.badarchaeology.com/out-of-place-artefacts/mysterious-objects/the-dropa-or-dzopa-stones/ |publisher=Bad Archaeology|date=7 May 2007 | author=Keith Fitzpatrick-Matthews |accessdate=12 February 2012}}</ref> {{clear}} ==Coppers== [[Image:Ancient copper pot.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Ancient copper pot on three iron feet with handle is 15cm high. Credit: [[c:user:JaneArt|JaneArt]].{{tlx|free media}}]] In "Serbia [are] the oldest copper implements in the world. Some 7000 years ago, tradesmen of great wealth flourished on the Balkan peninsula."<ref name=Franz>{{ cite book |author=Angelika Franz, translated from the German by Ami de Grazia |title=Balkans: Archaeologists puzzle over 7,000y old copper-find - a tremendous fire destroyed a flourishing city |publisher=Der Spiegel |location= |date=27 December 2010 |url=http://www.q-mag.org/balkans-archaeologists-puzzle-over-7000y-old-copper-find-a-tremendous-fire-destroyed-a-flourishing-city.html |accessdate=2014-10-22 }}</ref> "The soil around Plonik is rich in copper - the metal in a pure state lays often directly at the surface."<ref name=Krauss>{{ cite book |author=Raiko Krauss, translated from the German by Ami de Grazia |title=Balkans: Archaeologists puzzle over 7,000y old copper-find - a tremendous fire destroyed a flourishing city |publisher=Der Spiegel |location= |date=27 December 2010 |url=http://www.q-mag.org/balkans-archaeologists-puzzle-over-7000y-old-copper-find-a-tremendous-fire-destroyed-a-flourishing-city.html |accessdate=2014-10-22 }}</ref> The so-called "copper-violets" "are related to the Alpine violets, which we know in Germany from flower pots. But they grow only in a soil with a very high copper content. There - where the soil is too poisonous for the other plants, they blossom in wide carpets - and in so doing point to the presence of copper."<ref name=Krauss/> In "the late stone age people picked up the beautiful stones. For instance, malachite. The green-hued mineral belongs to the class of carbonates. Copper content: 57 percent. Our ancestors made experiments with different stones over the fire. From there, it was only a small step to jewels and to more practical objects."<ref name=Franz/> On "the Black Sea Coast in today's Bulgaria, there flourished a prosperous, big city, quite close to today's Varna. Archaeologists have found the cemetary of this settlement. The graves were loaded with treasures: jewels - mostly gold, but also copper - sea shells from the Aegean and tools made of types of stone which must have come from far away."<ref name=Franz/> "In the 5. Millennium BC people lived there in complex, centralized settlements of up to a thousand inhabitants. They invented a new ceramic oven with two chambers which was remarkably well suited to the extraction of metal. We must strongly surmise that there existed relations between the Balkans and Northern Mesopotamia."<ref name=Franz/> "An enormous fire unleashed itself around 5000 BC in the city [of Plonik]. The earth carbonized. The houses collapsed and buried all the possessions of the inhabitants under their walls. When the flame died down, the city had ceased to exist."<ref name=Franz/> {{clear}} ==Tools== [[Image:Ancient tools in Khaplu.jpg|right|thumb|300px|This is a photo of a monument in Pakistan identified as the GB-7. Credit: [[c:user:Aamirsohail56|Aamirsohail56]].{{tlx|free media}}]] In "the deep Southeast of Europe, near today's village of Plonik in Serbia, there existed 7000 years ago a major city. Its inhabitants lived in closely assembled huts and they melted copper to make jewels, tools and weapons."<ref name=Franz/> "The age of the oldest pieces which they have found up to now in the settlement is up to 7300 years. That's a good 800 years older as any other copper implements which have been found anywhere on Earth to this day."<ref name=Franz/> {{clear}} ==Weapons== [[Image:Neizeh metropolitan.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Iranian shafted weapons, 19th century, are from the Qajar era and are steel, damascened with gold. Credit: [[c:user:Zereshk|Zereshk]].{{tlx|free media}}]] "The people of the Balkan peninsula had a good knowledge of how they could create jewels, tools and weapons out of earth with a high copper content."<ref name=Franz/> "In Plonik, excavators found hatchets of copper. And weapons: axes and maces. With them a new area began. The stone age was gone, the copper age - chalcolithic - had begun."<ref name=Franz/> {{clear}} ==Jewelry== [[Image:Ancient Gold Jewelry (5986572251).jpg|right|thumb|300px|Ancient gold jewelry is displayed. Credit: [https://www.flickr.com/people/62091376@N03 Erik Drost].{{tlx|free media}}]] "From one grave, the excavator dug 1,516 K of gold jewelry. This is more gold than has been found in all the rest of the world for this particular epoch."<ref name=Franz/> {{clear}} ==Materials== {{main|Chemicals/Materials}} [[Image:Landesmuseum Württemberg Stuttgart Antike 052.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Ancient ceramic statues are on display. Credit: [[c:user:Einsamer Schütze|Einsamer Schütze]].{{tlx|free media}}]] "In order to interpret archaeological ceramic assemblages in terms of social identities, a method was developed [that] consists in sorting the potsherds according to, successively, technical, techno-petrographic and morpho-stylistic criteria."<ref name=Roux>{{ cite book |author=Valentine Roux and Marie-Agnès Courty |title=Identifying social entities at a macro-regional level: Chalcolithic ceramics of South Levant as a case study, In: ''Pottery Manufacturing Processes'' |volume= |publisher=University of Paris |location= |date=2005 |editor= |pages=201-14 |url=http://www.mae.u-paris10.fr/prehistoire/IMG/pdf/RouxCourtyBAR2005.pdf |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |isbn= |accessdate=2014-05-13 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==Heritage management== [[Image:Cultural heritage management, Lapataia (8579148617).jpg|right|thumb|300px|Birgitte Skar are walking the trail in Bahia Lapataia, Parque Nacional, Tierra del Fuego, in order to learn how cultural heritage is defined, assessed and activated in contemporary cultural heritage management in Argentina. Credit: Photo K. Ø. Oftedal, [https://www.flickr.com/people/38254448@N05 NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet].{{tlx|free media}}]] "Rare, though, is the country where ethnic groups balance each other in terms of numbers, wealth or political influence and, consequently, it is not uncommon for the dominant group to use its power to push its own heritage to the fore, minimizing or denying the significance of subordinate groups as it crafts a national identity in its own image."<ref name=Byrne>{{ cite journal |author=Denis Byrne |title=Western hegemony in archaeological heritage management |journal=History and Anthropology |year=1991 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=269-76 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02757206.1991.9960815 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1080/02757206.1991.9960815 |pmid= |accessdate=2012-02-16 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==Historical archaeology== [[Image:Historical archaeology at the old Champoeg townsite, Champoeg State Park, Oregon (USA), 1973 (2144044691).jpg|right|thumb|200px|Photo was taken in the summer of 1973. Credit: [https://www.flickr.com/people/72105154@N00 John Atherton].{{tlx|free media}}]] Historical archaeology is a form of archaeology dealing with places, things, and issues from the past or present when written records and oral traditions can inform and contextualize cultural material. These records can both complement and conflict with the archaeological evidence found at a particular site. Studies focus on literate, historical-period societies as opposed to non-literate, prehistoric societies. While they may not have generated the records, the lives of people for whom there was little need for written records, such as the working class, slaves, indentured labourers, and children but who live in the historical period can also be the subject of study. The sites are found on land and underwater. Industrial archaeology, unless practiced at industrial sites from the prehistoric era, is a form of historical archaeology concentrating on the remains and products of industry and the Industrial era. {{clear}} ==Maya civilization== [[Image:Tikal Jungle Structures.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Dense forest surrounds the city center of Tikal. Credit: Marcello A. Canuto, Francisco Estrada-Belli, Thomas G. Garrison, Stephen D. Houston, Mary Jane Acuña, Milan Kováč, Damien Marken, Philippe Nondédéo, Luke Auld-Thomas, Cyril Castanet, David Chatelain, Carlos R. Chiriboga, Tomáš Drápela, Tibor Lieskovský, Alexandre Tokovinine, Antolín Velasquez, Juan C. Fernández-Díaz, Ramesh Shrestha.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] [[Image:Guatemala 074.jpg|thumb|right|300px|This is an image of the Mayan temple at Tikal in Guatemala. Credit: [[:nl:user:Rialfver|Rialfver]].{{tlx|free media}}]] In the image on the right, dense forest surrounds the city center of this Classic-era Maya site (top) Tikal. Laser mapping of the same view (bottom) reveals structures and causeways hidden by the jungle. "Lidar (a type of airborne laser scanning) provides a powerful technique for three-dimensional mapping of topographic features."<ref name=Canuto>{{ cite journal |author=Marcello A. Canuto, Francisco Estrada-Belli, Thomas G. Garrison, Stephen D. Houston, Mary Jane Acuña, Milan Kováč, Damien Marken, Philippe Nondédéo, Luke Auld-Thomas, Cyril Castanet, David Chatelain, Carlos R. Chiriboga, Tomáš Drápela, Tibor Lieskovský, Alexandre Tokovinine, Antolín Velasquez, Juan C. Fernández-Díaz, Ramesh Shrestha |title=Ancient lowland Maya complexity as revealed by airborne laser scanning of northern Guatemala |journal=Science |date=28 September 2018 |volume=361 |issue=6409 |pages=1355 |url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6409/eaau0137 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1126/science.aau0137 |pmid= |accessdate=7 October 2018 }}</ref> "Lowland Maya civilization flourished from 1000 BCE to 1500 CE in and around the Yucatan Peninsula."<ref name=Canuto/> "In 2016, the Pacunam Lidar Initiative (PLI) undertook the largest lidar survey to date of the Maya region, mapping 2144 km² of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in Guatemala."<ref name=Canuto/> "Analysis identified 61,480 ancient structures in the survey region, resulting in a density of 29 structures/km². Controlling for a number of complex variables, we estimate an average density of ~80 to 120 persons/km² at the height of the Late Classic period (650 to 800 CE). Extrapolation of this settlement density to the entire 95,000 km² of the central lowlands produces a population range of 7 million to 11 million."<ref name=Canuto/> "Settlement distribution is not homogeneous, however; we found evidence of (i) rural areas with low overall density, (ii) periurban zones with small urban centers and dispersed populations, and (iii) urban zones where a single, large city integrated a wider population."<ref name=Canuto/> "The PLI survey revealed a landscape heavily modified for intensive agriculture, necessary to sustain populations on this scale. Lidar shows field systems in the low-lying wetlands and terraces in the upland areas. The scale of wetland systems and their association with dense populations suggest centralized planning, whereas upland terraces cluster around residences, implying local management. Analysis identified 362 km² of deliberately modified agricultural terrain and another 952 km² of unmodified uplands for potential swidden use. Approximately 10⁶ km of causeways within and between sites constitute evidence of inter- and intracommunity connectivity. In contrast, sizable defensive features point to societal disconnection and large-scale conflict."<ref name=Canuto/> “The new lidar data show that interconnected Maya cities go back to at least 300 B.C.”<ref name=Chase>{{ cite book |author=Arlen Chase |title=Laser mapping shows the surprising complexity of the Maya civilization |publisher=Science News |location= |date=September 27, 2018 |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/laser-mapping-shows-surprising-complexity-maya-civilization?utm_source=email&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=latest-newsletter-v2 |accessdate=7 October 2018 }}</ref> The largest structure in the lidar image on the lower right is the Mayan temple at Tikal. The second image down on the right shows the Mayan temple at Tikal from the front. {{clear}} ==Prehistory== [[Image:Prehistory at Nairobi National Museum.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Prehistory is diaplayed at Nairobi National Museum. Credit: ninara.{{tlx|free media}}]] The '''prehistory''' period dates from around 7 x 10⁶ b2k to about 7,000 b2k. '''Def.''' the "[[wikt:history|history]] of [[wikt:human|human]] [[wikt:culture|culture]] [[wikt:prior|prior]] to [[wikt:written|written]] [[wikt:record|record]]s"<ref name=PrehistoryWikt>{{ cite book |author=[[wikt:User:SemperBlotto|SemperBlotto]] |title=prehistory |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc |location=San Francisco, California |date=21 December 2014 |url=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prehistory |accessdate=2015-03-28 }}</ref> is called '''prehistory'''. {{clear}} ==21st Century== "During an underwater expedition in 2000, divers saw a large stone head emerge from the murky dark waters [over Heracleion]. It was the head of the god Hapi, the personification of the Nile’s annual flood."<ref name=Moss/> Heracleion, also known by its Egyptian name Thonis,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trismegistos.org/place/4565|title=TM Places|website=www.trismegistos.org|access-date=2019-05-26}}</ref> and sometimes called Thonis-Heracleion, was an ancient Egyptian city located near the Canopic Mouth of the Nile, about 32&nbsp;km northeast of Alexandria. Its ruins are located in Abu Qir Bay, currently 2.5&nbsp;km off the coast, under {{convert|10|m|abbr=on|-1}} of water.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/29/heracleion-photos-lost-egyptian-city_n_3178208.htm|title=Heracleion Photos: Lost Egyptian City Revealed After 1,200 Years Under Sea|work=The Huffington Post|date=29 April 2013}}</ref> A stele found on the site indicates that it was one single city known by both its Egyptian and Greek names.<ref name=LostCities6>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/aug/15/lost-cities-6-thonis-heracleion-egypt-sunken-sea|title=Lost cities #6: how Thonis-Heracleion resurfaced after 1,000 years under water|last=Shenker|first=Jack|date=15 Aug 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=11 Feb 2018}}</ref> ==20th Century== [[Image:Canopus menouthis herakleion.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Map shows Nile Delta with ancient Canopus, Heracleion, and Menouthis. Credit: [[:de:user:ChrisOsenbrück|ChrisOsenbrück]].{{tlx|free media}}]] "In 1933 British RAF Group-Captain Cull was flying his plane over Aboukir, a Royal Air Force base east of Alexandria in Egypt, when he glimpsed something in the water below him. From his vantage point, Cull could make out the outlines of structures beneath the water. Unbeknownst to him, Cull had located Heracleion, an important ancient Egyptian city that had lain hidden beneath the water for nearly 1500 years."<ref name=Moss/> Heracleion is located at 31°18'15"N 30°06'02"E. "According to legend, this lost metropolis had hosted its namesake, Heracles, and lovers Paris and Helen before they fled to Troy. Cleopatra, Egypt’s most famous queen, had even been crowned in one of the temples there."<ref name=Moss/> "Before its discovery, Heracleion (which was also known in the ancient world by its Egyptian name, Thonis) was almost the stuff of mythology. Though it is now buried several miles off the coast, Thonis-Heracleion was once a thriving port city."<ref name=Moss/> The ruins submerged in the sea were located and explored by the French underwater archaeologist Franck Goddio in 1999, after a five-year search.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geeksvip.com/g/21-underwater-discoveries-that-will-make-your-jaw-drop/3/?ipp=1|title=You won't believe what they found under the sea!|website=Geeks VIP|date=12 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814232615/http://www.geeksvip.com/g/21-underwater-discoveries-that-will-make-your-jaw-drop/3/?ipp=1|archivedate=14 August 2018}}</ref> {{clear}} ==19th Century== [[Image:Covered Bridge Cedarburg WI May-09.jpg|right|thumb|300px|This Covered Bridge is a latticed timber truss bridge built in 1867 as of May 2009. Credit: [[commons:User:Freekee|Freekee]].{{tlx|free media}}]] The Covered Bridge on the right was built in 1867 near the town of Cedarburg, Wisconsin. "In 1866 Mahmoud Bey El-Falaki, the official astronomer to the Viceroy of Egypt, had published a map that located the nearby ancient town of [...] Canopus on the edge of the coastline."<ref name=Moss/> {{clear}} ==18th Century== [[Image:Jantar Mantar at Jaipur.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The Jantar Mantar is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments, built by Maharaja Jai Singh II at his then new capital of Jaipur between 1727 and 1733. Credit: [[w:User:Knowledge Seeker|Knowledge Seeker]].]] Taken from the observation platform at the top of the Jantar Mantar, the image on the right shows smaller architectural sundials. The Jantar Mantar is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments, built by Maharaja Jai Singh II at his then new capital of Jaipur between 1727 and 1733. The City Palace is behind then Govindji Temple. Nahargarh Fort is on the Hill. {{clear}} ==17th Century== [[Image:Kepschem.png|thumb|right|300px|This is a schematic of a Keplerian refracting telescope which uses two different sizes of plano-convex lenses. Credit: Szőcs Tamás.]] The '''Keplerian Telescope''' was invented by Johannes Kepler in 1611.<ref name=Tunnacliffe>{{ cite book |title= Optics |author= AH Tunnacliffe, JG Hirst |date= 1996 |publisher= |location= Kent, England |isbn= 0-900099-15-1 |pages= 233–7 |url= }}</ref> {{clear}} ==16th Century== [[Image:Armillary sphere, 1547.jpg|thumb|right|250px|This armillary sphere is dated from 1547. Credit: [[commons:User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]].]] [[Image:Angamuco Mexico.jpg|right|thumb|300px|LiDAR gave the power to see underneath the lava that covers Angamuco. Credit: Chris Fisher.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] The images on the right shows the sphere without sighting tubes or any device for observing astronomical objects and dates from 1547. Angamuco "occupied 26 square kilometers of land instead of 13 square kilometers."<ref name=Moon>{{ cite book |author=Mariella Moon |title=Ancient city's LiDAR scans reveal as many buildings as Manhattan |publisher=Yahoo News |location= |date=17 February 2018 |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ancient-city-apos-lidar-scans-013300196.html?.tsrc=daily_mail&uh_test=2_13 |accessdate=18 February 2018 }}</ref> "That is a huge area with a lot of people and a lot of architectural foundations that are represented."<ref name=Fisher>{{ cite book |author=Chris Fisher |title=Ancient city's LiDAR scans reveal as many buildings as Manhattan |publisher=Yahoo News |location= |date=17 February 2018 |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/ancient-city-apos-lidar-scans-013300196.html?.tsrc=daily_mail&uh_test=2_13 |accessdate=18 February 2018 }}</ref> "If you do the maths, all of a sudden you are talking about 40,000 building foundations up there, which is [about] the same number of building foundations that are on the island of Manhattan."<ref name=Fisher/> Angamuco "had an unusual layout, with big structures like pyramids and open plazas situated around the edges rather than in the center."<ref name=Moon/> "The Purépecha people existed at the same time as the Aztecs. While they are nowhere near as popular as their rivals, they were still a major civilization and had an imperial capital called Tzintzuntzan in western Mexico. Based on [...] LiDAR scans, though, Angamuco is even bigger Tzintzuntzan. It likely wasn't as densely populated, but [...] it's now the biggest city in western Mexico during that period that we know of."<ref name=Moon/> "In I523 Cortes quietly appropriated for himself the great Tarascan-held silver district of Tamazula (Jalisco)."<ref name=Sauer>{{ cite journal |author=Carl O. Sauer |title=The personality of Mexico |journal=Geographical Review |month=July |year=1941 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=353-364 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/210171 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.2307/210171 |pmid= |accessdate=2018-2-18 }}</ref> {{clear}} Vázquez de Coronado set out from Compostela on February 23, 1540, at the head of a much larger expedition composed of about 400 European men-at-arms (mostly Spaniards), 1,300 to 2,000 Mexican Indian allies, four Franciscan friars (the most notable of whom were Juan de Padilla and the newly appointed provincial superior of the Franciscan order in the New World, Marcos de Niza), and several slaves, both natives and Africans.<ref>Winship. pp. 32–4, 37</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=What They Never Told You about the Coronado Expedition |first=R. |last= Flint |journal=Kiva |volume=71 |issue=2 |date=Winter 2005 |pages=203–217 | jstor = 30246725 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==15th Century== [[Image:Sandro Botticelli 052.jpg|thumb|right|250px|An armillary sphere is shown in a painting by Sandro Botticelli, c. 1480. Credit: [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikide-l/2005-April/012195.html Creator: Sandro Botticelli].]] The image at the right dating from c. 1480 shows the sphere without sighting tube or any device for observing astronomical objects. {{clear}} ==14th Century== [[Image:Sceptre de Charles V.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The image shows Charlemagne holding a sceptre dated from before 1380. Credit: [[commons:User:Siren-Com|Siren-Com]].]] The image at the left shows a sceptre dated to before 1380. "According to written records, a steady succession of earthquakes, perhaps as many as 23, struck North Africa between A.D. 323-1303."<ref name=Moss>{{ cite web |author=Candida Moss |title=Treasure Trove Discovered at Egypt’s Atlantis, Where Cleopatra Was Crowned |publisher=Yahoo! News |location= |date=4 August 2019 |url=https://news.yahoo.com/treasure-trove-discovered-egypt-atlantis-094651715.html?.tsrc=daily_mail&uh_test=1_04 |accessdate=5 August 2019 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==13th Century== [[Image:Canyons of the Ancients night ruin.jpg|right|thumb|300px|This Anasazi ruin tower is found in the Canyon of the Ancients, New Mexico. Credit: Bob Wick.{{tlx|free media}}]] The ruin tower on the right is apparently dated to the 13th Century and was built by the Anasazi. {{clear}} ==12th Century== [[Image:Iglesia de San Tirso de Sahagún.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Exterior is of the Church of San Tirso, Sahagún. Credit: [http://flickr.com/photos/17364971@N00 José Antonio Gil Martínez].{{tlx|free media}}]] Romanesque apses and brick towers of the Church of San Tirso, Sahagún, are shown on the right, dated to the 12th Century. {{clear}} ==11th Century== [[Image:Su Song Star Map 1.JPG|thumb|right|300px|This star map is from Su Song's ''Xin Yi Xiang Fa Yao''. Credit: [[commons:User:PericlesofAthens|PericlesofAthens]].]] The star map on the right, which features a cylindrical projection, was published in 1092 and has a corrected position for the pole star using Shen Kuo's astronomical observations.<ref name=Needham>{{ cite book |author=Joseph Needham |date=1986 |title=Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth |location=Taipei |publisher=Caves Books Ltd |pages=208 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==10th Century== [[Image:Visby 11-.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Photo was taken in Visby in August 2007. Credit: [[commons:User:Żeglarz|Żeglarz]].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Paektu-san.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Baekdu Mountain—Baitoushan volcano (Paektu-san) is in the Changbai Mountains along the border of today's People's Republic of China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in Northeast Asia. Credit: NASA.]] [[Image:Coins Early Middle Ages.png|right|thumb|300px|Anglo-Saxon rulers wear Roman diadems. Credit: Gunnar Heinsohn.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] [[Image:Territories of Dynasties in China.gif|right|thumb|300px|The approximate territories of dynasties includes the Jin (China). Credit: Ian Kiu.]] [[Image:Authentic Viking recreation.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Reconstructions are for the Viking colonisation site at L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site, Newfoundland. Credit: Dylan Kereluk.{{tlx|free media}}]] Visby was founded in the 10th century, on the then independent Baltic Sea island of Gotland. The Hansaetic League formed it during ensuing centuries, during which it came to Denmark. In 1645, it came into Swedish occupation, in which it has remained until today. There is more about lenses more recently from Visby, Gotland. "What intrigues the researchers is that the lenses are of such high quality that they could have been used to make a telescope some 500 years before the first known crude telescopes were constructed in Europe in the last few years of the 16th century."<ref name=Whitehouse>{{ cite book |author=David Whitehouse |title=Did the Vikings make a telescope? |publisher=BBC News |location= |date=April 5, 2000 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/702478.stm |accessdate=2012-10-03 }}</ref> "Made from rock-crystal, the lenses have an accurate shape that betrays the work of a master craftsman. The best example of the lenses measures 50 mm (2 inches) in diameter and 30 mm (1 inch) thick at its centre."<ref name=Whitehouse/> "The [Visby] Gotland crystals provide the first evidence that sophisticated lens-making techniques were being used by craftsmen over a 1,000 years ago."<ref name=Whitehouse/> "Dark and rainy years and harsh winter [occurred] in 913 in Ireland, Switzerland, and France [...] GISP2 shows a 61 ppb peak in SO₄ sediment in “913–14,” which corresponds to this winter [image on the lowest right in the 8th century section]. Ireland’s increased precipitation and dark could certainly correlate with the presence of volcanic aerosols by virtue of their capacity to act as cloud condensation nuclei."<ref name=McCormick>{{ cite journal |author=Michael McCormick, Paul Edward Dutton, and Paul A. Mayewski |title=Volcanoes and the Climate Forcing of Carolingian Europe, a.d. 750–950 |journal=Speculum A Journal of Medieval Studies |month=October |year=2007 |volume=82 |issue=4 |pages=865-895 |url=http://web-static-aws.seas.harvard.edu/climate/seminars/pdfs/mccormick_07.pdf |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |accessdate=2017-10-22 }}</ref> There "appears to be evidence for a major outbreak of [''Yersinia pestis'']-plague peaking at the end of the “733–960 AD”⁴ time span."<ref name=HeinsohnTenth>{{ cite journal |author=Gunnar Heinsohn |title=TENTH CENTURY COLLAPSE |journal=Q-Magazine |month=February |year=2017 |volume= |issue= |pages=1-26 |url=http://www.q-mag.org/_iserv/dlfiles/dl.php?ddl=q-mag-gunnar-10thcentury.pdf |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |accessdate=2017-04-01 }}</ref> "At Birka, [near Stockholm, Sweden] “a sea level drop estimated up to 5 m has separated the lake from the nearby Baltic Sea of which it was once an inlet, and resulted in the harbour structures being located considerably inland as compared to their original situation”⁷"<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> From coin finds, Birka was abandoned around 960.<ref name=Lindqvist>Lindqvist, Herman. ''Historien om Sverige. Islossning till kungarike.'' 1996. See page 165.</ref> "Truso [around Hansdorf near Elbing, situated on Lake Drużno near the Baltic Sea just east of the Vistula River] had undergone “isostatic adjustments (vertical crustal movements) [and] eustatic movements (fluctuations in the sea level due to climatic changes). / [The] in-fill consisted of a layer of black/brown sand with a high content of charcoal and ash”⁸."<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "In [Great Moravia] some 30 major fortresses, at least nine of them with stone churches, are utterly devastated: "The most recent burnt horizons give evidence for a gigantic annihilation that is roughly datable to the time of 900 CE“¹¹. More recently, the demise of the Great Moravia Empire is dated into the early part of the 10th century"¹²."<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "Salzburg, [Austria]’s most important Early Medieval center, becomes “multiple times smaller”¹³ after a devastation in the 10th century when it resorts to primitive wooden houses for the few survivors.¹⁴"<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "“There was a rapid, sometimes catastrophic, collapse of many of the pre-existing tribal centers. These events were accompanied by the permanent or temporary depopulation of former areas of settlement. Within a short time new centers representative of the Piast state arose on new sites, thus beginning [in 966] the thousand-year history of the Polish nation and state.”¹⁵ In the future Piast realm “the local traditional territorial structure was undergoing deep and dramatic changes. Actions which resulted in the abandonment of some of the old strongholds and the building in their place of new ones were associated irrevocably with mass population movement, […] the emergence of new forms and zones of settlement“¹⁶. Previously unsettled areas “became densely settled and strongholds appeared; in the second quarter of the tenth century, these were built on a unified model in Bnin, Giecz, Gniezno, Grzybowo, Ostrów Lednicki, Poznan and Smarzewo“¹⁷."<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> Archaeology "confirms that [Southern Baltic Ports] mysteriously “undergo discontinuity”¹⁸ in the 10th c. CE. The indigenous names for some of the deserted ports are not known to this very day."<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "In [Hungary], the Early Medieval town of Mosaburg with its strikingly Roman style stone Basilica of Zalavár-Récéskút (9th/10th c.) “had become ruinous by the Arpadian age. / Dateable finds from the multilayer cemetery could all be dated to the years from the second third or middle of the 9th century to the early 10th century, namely to its first few decades. / / Not just Mosaburg/Zalavár became depopulated, but also its surrounding area“¹⁹."<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> Bulgaria "had the most splendid 9th/10th c. Slavic cities that – to the excavators‘ surprise – had been built in the 700 year earlier style of Rome’s 2nd/3rd c. CE period. Notwithstanding all their stone and brick massiveness, its metropolis, Pliska, comes to a terrible end: “A dark grey (most probably erosion) layer“20 (Henning 2007, 219; bold GH) had strangled that urban jewel for good [...] “Between the 11th and 15th c. CE, [Bulgaria’s; GH] Pliska basin was turned into a desert landscape“²²."<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> The Classic Maya "culture of the [Yucatan] collapsed around the same time²⁵ (or [Tiwanaku/Bolivia] dated to ca. 1000 CE²⁶)"<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> “In Baghdad, the first half of the tenth century had a greater frequency of significant climate events and more intense cold than today, and probably also than the ninth century and the second half of the tenth century”²⁷.<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "The destruction of [Constantinople] must have taken place in the early 10th century when the Port of Theodosius was covered by mud."<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "Egypt’s most famous export item, writing material made of sheets of papyrus (''Cyperus papyrus'' or Nile grass) ceased to be cultivated around the 10th c. CE⁴³: “All in all, we can say that after the 11th century no writing materials were produced from the papyrus plant"⁴⁴. The plant had been virtually wiped out".<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "The collapse of the [Balhae Empire was established under the name Jin] (Chinese: Bohei), stretching from [North Korea via China to Manchuria], is conventionally dated to 926 CE. It should have been noticed in Japan. Yet, a chronicle from a Japanese temple that reports "white ash falling like snow" is currently dated to 946. A recent survey tries to tie the explosion of Changbaishan volcano (also called Mount Paektu) –– located in Southern China close to North Korea, i.e., within the borders of the Balhae Empire –– to the chronicle’s observation:"<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "The written sources document one exceptionally severe winter that affected Europe and western Asia at least as far east as Baghdad in 927–28 but that does not correspond to a major surge in SO₄ deposits in GISP2.⁸⁰ [The] written sources do not record exceptionally harsh winters for two peaks in GISP2 SO₄ deposits around “757” and “900–902” [image on the lowest right in the 8th century section]."<ref name=McCormick/> “The Millennium eruption has fascinated scientists and historians for decades because of its size, potential worldwide impacts. […] Its eruption in 946 was one of the most violent of the last two thousand years and is thought to have discharged around 100 cubic kilometers of ash and pumice into the atmosphere –– enough to bury the entire UK knee deep."⁴⁶<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "Eldgjá, has created the largest volcanic canyon in the world. It is some 40 km long, 270 m deep and 600 m wide. The eruption (dated to 934 or 939 CE) resulted in the most massive formation of flood basalt in historical time. 219 million tons of sulfur dioxide were blown into the atmosphere where they reacted with water and oxygen and became 450 million tons of sulfuric acid. These corrosive aerosols must have covered a large part of the Northern Hemisphere⁴⁷."<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "A very harsh winter in Germany and Switzerland, and possibly the Low Countries and Ireland, [occurred] in 939–40 [...] The GISP2 layers assigned to “936,” “938,” and “939” show the highest spike in sulfate deposits in the two hundred years under review, 132 ppb [image on the lowest right in the 8th century section]. We consider them to reflect the same event, since they fall within the 2.5 year chronological resolution of individual strata. In this case, tephra have been used to identify chemically the volcano from which the sulfate very probably originated: Eldgjá, on Iceland. The proximity of the Greenland ice sheet to Eldgjá explains the exceptionally high levels of sediment connected with this eruption, for they could well stem from localized tropospheric transport (i.e., lower in the atmosphere) rather than the stratospheric transport, which typically has the most powerful cooling effect.⁷⁹ If it is correct that the ''Chronicon Scotorum'' preserves an eyewitness account of this eruption’s plume in 939, then the connection and the date seem confirmed."<ref name=McCormick/> “Throughout the Mediterranean Basin, the Levant, Iran, and southeast Arabia, many valleys display two alluvial fills of which the older dates from about 30,000-10,000 yr BP and the younger from about A.D. 400-1850. […] The younger fill is well sorted and stratified and, as in Mexico, displays silt-clay depletion as well as iron loss when compared with the older fill deposits from which it is often derived. […]. The younger fill is seen in many widely separated areas to cover structures of Roman age as the period of deposition extended into Byzantine and even medieval times. […] The sections in W. Libya are typical in showing the younger fill deposits in channels eroded into the earlier fill. In most areas, the surface of the older fill was the usable land in Roman times. Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and medieval sherds are found in the younger fill, which also covers entire cities, notably, Olympia in Greece.⁴⁹”.<ref name=HeinsohnTenth/> "The history of the Anglo-Saxon court is largely lost and unknown."<ref name=Campbell>{{ cite book |author=J. Campbell |title=Anglo-Saxon Courts, In: ''Court Culture in the Early Middle Ages: The Proceedings of the First Alcuin Conference'' |editor=C. Cubitt Hg. |publisher=Turnhout |location=Belgium: Brepols |pages=155-169 |date=2003 |url=http://www.q-mag.org/arthur-of-camelot-and-aththe-of-camulodunum.html |accessdate=2017-06-21 }}</ref> "The Anglo-Saxons, from homelands [in Germany] where the necessary materials scarcely existed, probably had no tradition of building in stone."<ref name=Heritage>{{ cite book |author=English Heritage |title=Story of England. Dark Ages: c 410-1066 |year=2017 |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/dark-ages/architecture/ |accessdate=2017-06-21 }}</ref> "Attempts to demonstrate conclusively significant continuity in specific urban or rural sites have run afoul of the near archaeological invisibility of post-Roman British society."<ref name=Jones>{{ cite book |author=M.E. Jones |title=The End of Roman Britain |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, NY |pages=23 |date=1998 |url=http://www.q-mag.org/arthur-of-camelot-and-aththe-of-camulodunum.html |accessdate=2017-06-21 }}</ref> "Whatever the discussion about the plough in Roman Britain, at least it is a discussion based on surviving models and parts of ploughs, whereas virtually no such evidence exists for the Period A.D. 500-900 in England. [...] In contrast to the field system of the 500 years or so on either side of the beginning of our era, little evidence has survived in the ground for the next half millennium."<ref name=Fowler>{{ cite book |author=P.J. Fowler |title=Farming in the First Millennium A.D.: British Agriculture Between Julius Caesar and William the Conqueror |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |pages=28 |year=2002 |url=http://www.q-mag.org/arthur-of-camelot-and-aththe-of-camulodunum.html |accessdate=2017-06-21 }}</ref> "After all, Alfred the Great (871-899) as well as other Anglo-Saxon rulers take pride in wearing a Roman diadem and/or a Roman chlamys. Offa of Mercia (757-796), e.g., issued a coin that shows him "in the style of a Roman emperor with an imperial diadem in his hair." [See the coin images third down on the right.]"<ref name=Heinsohn2017>{{ cite book |author=Gunnar Heinsohn |title=ARTHUR OF CAMELOT AND ATHTHE-DOMAROS OF CAMULODUNUM: A STRATIGRAPHY-BASED EQUATION PROVIDING A NEW CHRONOLOGY FOR 1st MIILLENNIUM ENGLAND |publisher=Quantavolution Magazine |location= |date=15 June 2017 |url=http://www.q-mag.org/arthur-of-camelot-and-aththe-of-camulodunum.html |accessdate=2017-06-21 }}</ref> Embossed "clay vessels attributed to Angle-Saxons follow the pattern of Anglo-Saxon coinage because they, too, point to a “deliberate imitation of Roman silver or glass ware” of the 1st/2nd century (Myres 1969, 30)."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> There are "the rich Roman strata in Anglo-Saxon capitals, like Alfred’s (''Venta Belgarum'') (Winchester)".<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> For "authors of the 9th century AD, like Harun ibn Yahya, a Syrian traveler writing in 866, there is no doubt that Britain (''Bartīniyah'') is the “the last of the lands of the Greeks [Rum/Romans], and there is no civilization beyond them” (Green 2016)."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> The unknown author of "the Persian ''Hudud al-'Alam'' (982 AD) in which Britain (al-Baritiniya) "is the last land of Rum [Rome] on the coast of the Ocean" (Watson 2001)."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "Stratigraphically, there is no problem with such a statement since—between the year 1 and the 930s AD—there are only enough building strata with streets, residential quarters, latrines, aqueducts etc. for a period of some 230 Roman years in Britain. Since they are contingent with the High Middle Ages of the 10th century AD, these massive Roman strata cannot help but belong to the 8th-10th century period, whatever the textbook chronology requires."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "Everything we know from Early Medieval texts pertaining to 8th/9th century Anglo-Saxons confirms that they thrived in a classical culture, in a genuine Roman environment. That makes sense only when the hard evidence of the period dated 1st to 3rd century receives the 8th-10th century dates of its stratigraphic location immediately before the onset of the High Middle in the 10th century AD:"<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "Anglo-Saxon England was peopled with learned men and women, highly educated in Latin and English, who circulated and read Classical texts as well as composing their own. [...] There survives a large corpus of literature showing a deep understanding of the physical and the metaphysical [...]. Charters show that laws, administration and learning were not just for an educated elite. Laypeople were involved in the ceremonies and had documents created for them: land grants, wills, dispute settlements. [...] The coinage across the period shows an elaborate and controlled economy. This was a well-managed society not given to lawlessness and chaos. [...] They drew influence from Classical art and developed their own distinct artistic styles. [...] They had trade routes stretching across the known world and were familiar with and able to buy spices, pigments and cloth from thousands of miles away (many manuscripts use a blue pigment made from lapis lazuli, brought from Afghanistan. [...] The English church was in close contact with Rome, with correspondence travelling back and forth; new bishops would be sent to Rome to collect the pallium; and King Alfred visited the city as a young boy."<ref name=Wiles>{{ cite journal |author=K. Wiles |title=Back to the Dark Ages |journal=History Today |issue= |volume= |pages= |month=5 May |year=2016 |url=http://www.historytoday.com/kate-wiles/back-dark-ages |accessdate=2017-06-21 }}</ref> The Norse settlement of Vinland at L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site, Newfoundland, in the image on the left, has been radiocarbon dated to c. 1000, or 1,000 b2k. {{clear}} ==9th Century== [[Image:Cairo Nilometer 1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Nilometer is at Rawda, Cairo, Egypt. Credit: [[commons:User:Baldiri|Baldiri]].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Climbing pyram.jpg|left|thumb|300px|People are climbing the stairs of the pyramid on 9 December 2010. Credit: [[commons:User:Leon petrosyan|Leon petrosyan]].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Rökstenen 1.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Rök Runestone is located near Ödeshög in south Sweden. Credit: Bengt Olof ÅRADSSON.{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Rökstenen2.JPG|220px|left|thumb|The front of the stone, the beginning of the inscription is read by tilting your head to the left. Credit: [[w:user:Wiglaf|Wiglaf]].{{tlx|free media}}]] There was an inscription which placed the foundation of the nilometer in 861. Cobá is a former pre-Columbian Mayan city on the Yucatán Peninsula southeast of Valladolid located in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. In Cobá, the temple pyramid Nohoch-Mul (also known as Castillo, or the climbing pyramid shown on the left) is 42 meters high. The city was founded shortly after the beginning of the year and expanded into a city state that peaked between 600 and 800 (1400 and 1200 b2k). The Rök runestone is considered the first piece of written Swedish literature and thus it marks the beginning of the history of Swedish literature.<ref name=Gustafson1>Gustafson, Alrik, Svenska litteraturens historia, 2 volums (Stockholm, 1963). First published as A History of Swedish Literature (American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1961). Chapter 1.</ref><ref>''Forntid och medeltid'', Lönnroth, in Lönnroth, Göransson, Delblanc, ''Den svenska litteraturen'', vol 1.</ref> It was proposed that the inscription has nothing at all to do with the recording of heroic sagas and that it contains riddles which refer only to the making of the stone itself.<ref>[http://www.gu.se/english/about_the_university/news-calendar/News_detail//new-interpretation-of-the-rok-runestone-inscription-changes-view-of-viking-age.cid1371180 New interpretation of the Rök runestone inscription changes view of Viking Age] (University of Gothenburg)</ref><ref>Holmberg, Per (2015) [http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A922588&dswid=5655 Svaren på Rökstenens gåtor: En socialsemiotisk analys av meningsskapande och rumslighet ("The answers to Rök stone riddles: A social analysis of the meaning and spatiality")] Futhark: International Journal of Runic Studies, Vol. 6. pp. 65-106. (in Swedish)</ref> The Rök runestone inscription is not connected to heroic deeds in war. Instead it deals with the conflict between light and darkness, warmth and cold, life and death.<ref name=Holmberg>{{ cite journal |author=Per Holmberg, Bo Gräslund, Olof Sundqvist and Henrik Williams |title=The Rök Runestone and the End of the World |journal=Futhark: International Journal of Runic Studies |date=15 January 2020 |volume=9-10 |issue= |pages=7-38 |url=https://doi.org/10.33063/diva-401040 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.33063/diva-401040 |pmid= |accessdate=19 January 2020 }}</ref> "The Rök runestone from central middle Sweden, dated to around 800 CE, [...] Combining perspectives and findings from semiotics, philology, archaeology, and history of religion, the study presents a completely new interpretation which follows a unified theme, showing how the monument can be understood in the socio-cultural and religious context of early Viking Age Scandinavia. The inscription consists, according to the pro­posed interpretation, of nine enigmatic questions. Five of the questions con­cern the sun, and four of them, it is argued, ask about issues related to the god Odin. A central finding is that there are relevant parallels to the inscription in early Scandinavian poetry, especially in the Eddic poem Vafþrúðnismál."<ref name=Holmberg/> {{clear}} ==8th Century== [[Image:Dunhuang Star Atlas - complete.jpg|thumb|center|400px|The Dunhuang Star Atlas is the last section of Or.8210/S.3326. Credit: Unknown.]] [[Image:Dunhuang star map.jpg|thumb|250px|This is an image of the [[w:Dunhuang map|Dunhuang map]] from the [[w:Tang Dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] of the North Polar region. Constellations of the three schools are distinguished with different colors: white, black and yellow for stars of [[w:Wu Xian (astronomer)|Wu Xian]], [[w:Gan De|Gan De]] and [[w:Shi Shen|Shi Shen]] respectively. Credit: [[commons:User:Laurascudder|Laurascudder]], from: Brian J. Ford (1993). Images of Science: A History of Scientific Illustration, Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0195209834}}.]] The [[w:Dunhuang map|Dunhuang map]] from the [[w:Tang Dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] of the North Polar region at right is thought to date from the reign of [[w:Emperor Zhongzong of Tang|Emperor Zhongzong of Tang]] (705–710). Constellations of the three schools are distinguished with different colors: white, black and yellow for stars of [[w:Wu Xian (astronomer)|Wu Xian]], [[w:Gan De|Gan De]] and [[w:Shi Shen|Shi Shen]] respectively. The whole set of star maps contains 1,300 stars. The Dunhuang Star Atlas, the last section of manuscript Or.8210/S.3326. It is "the oldest manuscript star atlas known today from any civilisation, probably dating from around AD 700. It shows a complete representation of the Chinese sky in 13 charts with over 1300 stars named and accurately presented."<ref name=BritishLibrary>{{ cite book |author=British Library |title=The Dunhuang Star Atlas |publisher=International Dunhuang Project (IDP) |location=British Library |date=June 2015 |url=http://idp.bl.uk/4DCGI/education/astronomy/atlas.html |accessdate=2015-12-27 }}</ref> "The Dunhuang Star Atlas [above center] forms the second part of a longer scroll (Or.8210/S.3326) that measures 210 cm long by 24.4 cm wide and is made of fine paper in thirteen separate panels."<ref name=BritishLibrary/> "The first part of the scroll is a manual for divination based on the shape of clouds. The twelve charts showing different sections of the sky follow these. The stars are named and there is also explanatory text. The final chart is of the north-polar region. The chart is detailed, showing a total of 1345 stars in 257 clearly marked and named asterisms, or constellations, including all twenty-eight mansions."<ref name=BritishLibrary/> "The importance of the chart lies in both its accuracy and graphic quality. The chart includes both bright and faint stars, visible to the naked eye from north central China".<ref name=BritishLibrary/> {{clear}} ==7th Century== [[Image:Sambor Prei Kuk N16 A.jpg|right|thumb|300px|N16 Sanctuary is in Sambor Prei Kuk, Cambodia. Credit: [[commons:User:Baldiri|Baldiri]].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Cantona (20065785913).jpg|left|thumb|300px|Cantona is a Mesoamerican archaeological site in the state of Puebla, Mexico. Credit: [https://www.flickr.com/people/67769030@N07 Arian Zwegers from Brussels, Belgium].{{tlx|free media}}]] Sambor Pre Kuk, with its N16 Sanctuary imaged on the right, is an archaeological complex formed by the remains of the city of Isanapura, the capital of the kingdom of Chenla, an immediate predecessor of the Khmer Empire (pre-Angkorian). This city was built during the reign of Isanavarman I (616-635). At this time, several constructions, clear predecessors of Khmer architecture, were erected in Angkor. Cantona is a Mesoamerican archaeological site in the state of Puebla, Mexico. It was a fortified city with a high urbanization level at prehispanic times, probably founded by Olmec-Xicalanca groups towards the late Classical Period. It sat astride an old trading route between the Gulf Coast and the Central Highlands and was a prominent, if isolated, Mesoamerican city between 600 and 1000 CE. After Chichimec's invasions in the 11th century, Cantona was abandoned. Cantona's inhabitants were mainly agricultural farmers and traders, particularly for obsidian, obtained from Oyameles-Zaragoza mountains surrounding the city. Additionally, they may have been supplying the lowlands with a derivative of the maguey plant, pulque. Cantona's population is estimated at about 80,000 inhabitants at its peak. Cantona may well be the largest prehispanic city yet discovered in Mesoamerica. Limited archaeological work has been done at the site, and only about 10% of the site can be seen. The Pre-Columbian settlement area occupies approximately 12 km², distributed in three units, of which the largest is at the south, with a surface of 5 km². The site comprises a road network with over 500 cobblestone causeways, more than 3,000 individual patios, residences, and 24 ball courts - more than in any other mesoamerican site. It has an elevated Acropolis over the rest of the city in which the main buildings of the city were built. This was used for the ruling elite and priests, and was where the temples of the most important deities where located. These impressive buildings were constructed with carved stones (one atop the other) without any stucco or cement mortar. Cantona certainly was built with a definite urban design and walkways connecting each and every part of the city. The "First Avenue" is 563 meters in length. {{clear}} ==6th Century== [[Image:Basilica Cistern in Istanbul, Turkey (6th century, former Constantinople) (32691506623).jpg|right|thumb|300px|Basilica Cistern is in Constantinople, Turkey, dates from the 6th century. Credit: [https://www.flickr.com/people/145472109@N04 Ralf Steinberger from Northern Italy and Berlin].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Dzibanche Buhos2.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The Temple of the Owl pyramid is at Dzibanche. Credit: [[commons:User:HJPD|HJPD]].]] On the right is the Basilica Cistern in Constantinople, Turkey. It has been dated to the 6th century. Dzibanche is an archaeological site which includes the Temple of the Owl pyramid. It is an ancient Maya site located in southern Quintana Roo, in the Yucatan Peninsula of southeastern Mexico. Structures at Dzibanche include the Temple of the Captives, the Temple of the Lintels and the Temple of the Owl, on the left. {{clear}} ==5th Century== [[Image:Iron Pillar at Qutub Minar Complex India-0346 - Flickr - archer10 (Dennis).jpg|right|thumb|250px|Iron Pillar is seven-metres high in the courtyard of the mosque and has been there long before the mosque's construction. Credit: [http://www.flickr.com/people/22490717@N02 Dennis Jarvis from Halifax, Canada].{{tlx|free media}}]] Ancient India was an early leader in metallurgy, as evidenced by the wrought-iron Pillar of Delhi in the image on the right, dated to about 415 or 1585 b2k. {{clear}} ==4th Century== [[Image:Capernaum, Israel 06.jpg|right|thumb|300px|This shows the House of Peter, Capernaum, Israel. Credit: [[commons:User:Hoshvilim|Hoshvilim]].{{tlx|free media}}]] The House of Peter in Capernaum, Israel, has been dated to the 4th century. "The most severe [earthquake of North Africa] occurred in A.D. 365. The coastline fell and the cluster of cities that lay in the Canopic branch of the Nile vanished into the Mediterranean."<ref name=Moss/> {{clear}} ==Imperial Antiquity== [[Image:Pile from The Strood.png|right|thumb|300px|Pile from The Strood, in Roman cut (223 cm high), re-dated from the late 1st c. AD to the 7th/8th c. AD. Roman lead covered box with Roman glass urn (100-120 CE) from Mersea’s Roman barrow. Credit: Gunnar Heinsohn.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] "The Strood causeway to Mersea Island was thought to be Roman, built in the 1st c. AD. It leads to Mersea’s Roman burial mound (barrow) where a typical Roman lead covered box with a no less typical Roman glass urn (tentatively dated between 100 and 120 AD) was retrieved [in the image on the right]. Oak piles in typical Roman cut were discovered in 1978. Up to the 1980s it was never doubted that the dam was built by Romans in the 1st c. AD to reach their settlements on the Island."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "Scientific dating methods have been applied to some substantial oak piles discovered beneath the Strood in 1978, when a water-main was being laid. They indicate that the structure was probably built between A.D. 684 and 702. The piles were discovered at the south end of the causeway where the trench was at its deepest—they were about 1.6m below the present ground level and were sealed by a series of road surfaces. Seven piles were recovered and samples were submitted to Harwell laboratory for radiocarbon dating to get a rough idea of the date. Samples from four of the piles were sent to the University of Sheffield for tree ring dating (dendrochronology). The remaining three piles are now in the Colchester and Essex Museum. The dating of the construction to AD 684 to 702 was regarded as conclusive."<ref name=Millat>{{ cite book |author=T. Millat |title=Essex Archaeology and History |publisher=Mersea Museum |location=Mersea, UK |year=1982 |url=http://www.merseamuseum.org.uk/mmresdetails.php?tot=1&cat=&col=MM&typ=ID&rt=Article&syn=all&ord=dtadd&hit=0&pid=EAH_014_077 |accessdate=2017-06-21 }}</ref> In ''Felix Romuliana'', "the construction [...] is [...] Imperial Antique (1st-3rd c. [1900-1700 b2k]), and sometimes even late Hellenistic, [in] appearance."<ref name=Heinsohn>{{ cite journal |author=Gunnar Heinsohn |title=Felix Romuliana |journal=Q Magazine |location= |month=15 March |year=2017 |url=http://www.q-mag.org/ |accessdate=2017-05-13 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==3rd Century== [[Image:Dermainzer Globus.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Mainz celestial globe is the last known celestial globe of Roman antiquity (1850-1780 b2k, 11 cm diameter). Credit: Gunnar Heinsohn.]] [[Image:Der mainzer Globus.jpg|thumb|left|250px|These are constellation illustrations on the last known celestial globe of Roman antiquity. Credit: Gunnar Heinsohn.]] The last known celestial globe shown at the right dates from 1850 to 1780 b2k. The constellation illustrations from the Mainz celestial globe are shown at the left. {{clear}} ==2nd Century== [[Image:P. Oxy. I 29.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Oxyrhynchus papyrus (P.Oxy. I 29) shows a fragment of Euclid's ''Elements''. Credit: Euclid.{{tlx|free media}}]] On the right is an image of the oldest extant diagram of Euclid's ''Elements'', found at Oxyrhynchus and dated to c. 100 AD.<ref name=Casselman>{{ cite book |url=http://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/Euclid/papyrus/papyrus.html |title=One of the Oldest Extant Diagrams from Euclid |author=Bill Casselman |publisher=University of British Columbia |accessdate=26 September 2008 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==1st Century== Pompeii lens (plano-convex) from the excavations of the Via Stabia, "House of the Engraver" dated to 79 AD per E. Gerspach, ''L'art de la verrerie'' (Paris 1885) 41-42. Roman London lens (fragmentary biconvex glass lens of light green color), from Roman London, dated to 43-50 AD per H. Syer Cuming, "On Spectacles," The Journal of the British Archaeological Association 11 (1855) 144-49. ==-1st Century== [[Image:MauesBuddhaCoin.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Indian-standard coin of King Maues has on the obverse a rejoicing elephant holding a wreath, symbol of victory. Credit: [[w:user:Per Honor et Gloria|Per Honor et Gloria]]].]] The "Late La Tène time span [is] between the conquests of 55 BC and 54 BC [2055 and 2054 b2k] under Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) and the time of Christ. In the rare cases where pottery and tableware are attributed to Saxons of the 4th/5th c. AD, "astonishingly La Tène art styles [more than 300 years out of fashion] re-emerge as dominant in the northern and western zone." (Hines 1996, 260)"<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "Stamped pottery has had a long and varied history in Britain. There have been periods when it flourished and periods when it almost totally disappeared. This article considers two variations of the rosette motif (A 5) and their fortunes from the late Iron Age to the Early Saxon period. [...] The La Tène ring stamps [which end in the 1st century BC; GH ] are found in a range of designs, from the simple negative ring (= AASPS Classification A 1bi) to four concentric negative rings (= AASPS A 2di). These motifs are also found in the early Roman period [1st century AD; GH]. [...] The 'dot rosettes' (= AASPS A 9di) on bowls from the [Late Latène] Hunsbury hill-fort (Fell 1937) use the same sort of technique as the dimple decoration on 4th-century 'Romano-Saxon' wares."<ref name=Briscoe>{{ cite journal |author=D.C. Briscoe |title=Two Important Stamp Motifs in Roman Britain and Thereafter, In: ''Romano-British Pottery in the Fifth Century'' |journal=Internet Archaeology |issue=41 |date= 2016 |doi=https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.41.2 |accessdate=2014-10-25 }}</ref> In "Šarnjaka kod Šemovca (Dalmatia/Croatia), e.g., contain 700-year-older La Tène and Imperial period items (1st century BC to 3rd century AD) [...]:"<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "A large dugout house (SU 9) was discovered in the course of the investigation in 2006. Its dimensions are 4.8 by 2.1 metres, with a depth of 34 centimetres, and an east-west orientation, deviating slightly along the NE-SW line. It contained numerous sherds of Early Medieval pottery, two fragments of glass, and a small iron spike. Three sherds of Roman pottery [1st-3rd c. CE; GH] and ten sherds of La Tène pottery [ending 1st c. BCE; GH] were also recovered from the house."<ref name=Bekic>{{ cite journal |author=L. Bekić |title=Nalazi 8. i 9. stoljeća sa Šarnjaka kod Šemovca / Finds from the 8th and 9th centuries at Šarnjak near Šemovec |journal=Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu (VAMZ) |volume=XLIX |pages=219-248 |date= 2016 |url= |accessdate=2014-10-25 }}</ref> "The contemporaneity of Rome’s Imperial period textbook-dated to the 1st-3rd century AD with the Early Middle Ages (8th-10th century AD) is also confirmed for Poland [in the stratigraphic table above]. There, too, Late Latène (conventionally ending 1st c. BC) immediately precedes the Early Medieval period of the 8th-10th c. CE."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "In [the Roman Empire] capital cities, Rome and Constantinople (Heinsohn 2016) [they] build residential quarters, streets, latrines, aqueducts, ports etc. only in one of the three periods—Imperial Antiquity, Late Antiquity, and Early Middle Ages—dated between 1 and 930s AD. In Rome, they are assigned to Imperial Antiquity (1st-3rd c.); in Constantinople, to Late Antiquity (4th-6th c.)."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "Roman churches of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages [...] would suffice to confirm the existence of these two periods. The churches are there. However, we never find churches of the 8th or 9th century superimposed on churches of the 4th or 5th century that, in turn, are superimposed on pagan basilicas of the 1st or 2nd century. They all share the same stratigraphic level of the 1st and 2nd/early 3rd century. Moreover, the ground plans of the 4th/5th—as well as the 8th/9th—century churches slavishly repeat the ground plans of 1st/2nd century basilicas, as already pointed out 75 years ago by Richard Krautheimer (1897-1994). It is this period of Imperial Antiquity (with its internal evolution from the 1st to 3rd centuries) that alone builds the residential quarters, latrines, streets, and aqueducts so desperately looked for in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Thus, Rome does not have more stratigraphy for the first millennium AD than England or Poland."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "Germanic tribes, not only Anglo-Saxons and Frisians but also Franks, had been competing with Rome for the conquest of the British Isles since the 1st century BC".<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "1st century BC "Astonishingly LA TÈNE art styles" (Hines 1996) dominate pottery of SAXONS [and] Powerful LA TÈNE Celts with King Aththe-Domarous of Camulodunum [is the] greatest ruler."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "Saxons begin their attack on Britain as early as the 1st century BC. They compete with the Romans, who may have employed Germanic Franks as auxiliary forces. The Saxons invade from the East, i.e., from the German Bight."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> From "the stratigraphy of the Saxon homeland, located around Bremen/Weser inside today’s Lower Saxony [it] is mainly inhabited by Chauci and Bructeri [...] Saxon tribes that are [...] at war with the Romans in the time of Augustus (31 BC-14 AD) and Aththe-Domaros of Camulodunum (Aθθe-Domaros, also read as Addedom-Arus; c. 15-5 BC)."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> On the right is an Indian-standard coin of King Maues. On the obverse is a rejoicing elephant holding a wreath, a symbol of victory. The Greek legend reads ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ&#32;ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ&#32;ΜΕΓΑΛΟΥ&#32;ΜΑΥΟΥ (Great King of Kings Maues). The reverse shows the seated king Maues. Kharoshthi legend: RAJATIRAJASA MAHATASA MOASA (Great King of Kings Maues). {{clear}} ==-2nd Century== [[Image:NAMA Machine d'Anticythère 1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The image shows the main Antikythera mechanism fragment (fragment A). Credit: [[commons:User:Marsyas|Marsyas]].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Nike of Samothrake Louvre Ma2369 n4.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The Nike of Samothrace, ca 190 BC, is a masterpiece of Hellenistic art. Credit: Archaeological expedition of Charles Champoiseau, 1863 and 1879.]] [[Image:Lagid queen Isis Ma3546.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Cleopatra II was born c. 185 BC and died 116 BC. Credit: [[commons:User:Jastrow|Jastrow]].{{tlx|free media}}]] The "fragments [of the Antikythera Mechanism] contain at least 30 interlocking gear-wheels, along with copious astronomical inscriptions. Before its sojourn on the sea bed, it computed and displayed the movement of the Sun, the Moon and possibly the planets around Earth, and predicted the dates of future eclipses."<ref name=Marchant>{{ cite journal |author=Jo Marchant |title=In search of lost time |journal=Nature |date=30 November 2006 |volume=444 |issue=7119 |pages=534-538 |url=https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v444/n7119/full/444534a.html |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1038/444534a |pmid= |accessdate=2017-11-05 }}</ref> The Winged Nike of Samothrace is made from Parian marble, ca. 190 BC? and found in Samothrace in 1863 by the archaeological expedition of Charles Champoiseau, 1863 and 1879. Cleopatra II on the left was involved in the ruling of Egypt apparently from c. 175 BC to until she died in 116 BC. {{clear}} ==Iron Age== [[Image:Three iron beads from Gerzeh.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Photographs of three of the originally nine iron beads from Gerzeh, Lower Egypt, from left UC10738, UC10739 and UC10740. Credit: Thilo Rehren, Tamás Belgya, Albert Jambon, György Káli, Zsolt Kasztovszky, Zoltán Kis, Imre Kovács, Boglárka Maróti, Marcos Martinón-Torres, Gianluca Miniaci, Vincent C. Pigott, Miljana Radivojević, László Rosta, László Szentmiklósi, Zoltán Szőkefalvi-Nagy.]] [[Image:Neutron radiography.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Comparison of neutron radiography and an optical photograph of an iron bead is shown. Credit: Thilo Rehren, Tamás Belgya, Albert Jambon, György Káli, Zsolt Kasztovszky, Zoltán Kis, Imre Kovács, Boglárka Maróti, Marcos Martinón-Torres, Gianluca Miniaci, Vincent C. Pigott, Miljana Radivojević, László Rosta, László Szentmiklósi, Zoltán Szőkefalvi-Nagy.]] [[Image:Slag blocks at Otobo Dunoka, Lejja.png|thumb|right|250px|The slag blocks shown are at Otobo Dunoka, Lejja, Nigeria. Credit: Pamela Eze–Uzomaka.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] The Iron Age in Africa began approximately 2000 BC (4000 b2k) and ended 500 AD (1500 b2k). The Bantu expansion spread the technology to Eastern and Southern Africa during {{circa}} 500 BCE to 400 CE, as shown in the Urewe culture<ref name=Shillington>K. Shillington, ''History of Africa'' (3rd ed. 2005), [https://books.google.com/books?id=YdscBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PR1&pg=PA61 61&ndash;68].</ref> of the Lake Victoria region. The Nok culture of Nigeria may have practiced iron smelting from as early as 1000 BCE.<ref name=Miller1994>Duncan E. Miller and N.J. Van Der Merwe, 'Early Metal Working in Sub Saharan Africa' ''Journal of African History'' 35 (1994) 1-36</ref><ref name=Stuiver>Minze Stuiver and N.J. Van Der Merwe, 'Radiocarbon Chronology of the Iron Age in Sub-Saharan Africa' ''Current Anthropology'' 1968. Tylecote 1975</ref> "After a typological analysis and a cross-dating of bronze artifacts recovered north and south of the Alps, the Roman school of Peroni set the 1020 [3020 b2k] as the beginning of the Iron Age (De Marinis 2005, p. 21; Pacciarelli 2005). The date is in agreement with the chronology supported by Lothar Sperber (Sperber 1987). The recent works of Nijboer based on the analysis of radiocarbon dates from Latial contexts agree with this high chronology (Nijboer et al. 1999-2000; Nijboer & Van der Plicht 2008; Van der Plicht et al. 2009)."<ref name=Capuzzo/> Evidence exists for earlier iron metallurgy in parts of Nigeria, Cameroon, and Central Africa, possibly from around 2,000 BCE.<ref name=Holl-2020>{{cite journal|last1=Holl|first1=Augustin F. C.|title=The Origins of African Metallurgies |journal=Oxford Research Encyclopedias|date=June 2020|volume=22|issue=4|pages=415–438|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.63|{{isbn|9780190854584}} }}</ref> Evidence for Iron smelting in West Africa was found in Lejja, dating back to 2000 BC.<ref name=Uzomaka>{{Cite book|last=Eze–Uzomaka|first=Pamela|title=Iron and its influence on the prehistoric site of Lejja, In: ''The world of iron'' |publisher=Archetype |location=London |date=2013 |editor=J. Humphris & T. Rehren |pages=3-9 |url=https://www.academia.edu/4103707/Iron_and_its_influence_on_the_prehistoric_site_of_Lejja }}</ref> The inception of iron metallurgy in Africa occurred between 3000 and 2500 BCE.<ref name=Eggert>{{Cite book|title= Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context|last= Eggert|first= Manfred|publisher= Africa Magna Verlag Press|year= 2014|editor-last= Breunig|editor-first= P|location= Frankfurt, Germany|pages= 1–2|chapter= Early iron in West and Central Africa}}</ref><ref name=Holl2020>{{cite journal|last1=Holl|first1=Augustin F. C.|title=The Origins of African Metallurgies |journal=Oxford Research Encyclopedias|date=June 2020 |volume=22|issue=4|pages=415–438|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190854584.013.63|isbn=9780190854584 }}</ref> "The earliest known iron artefacts are nine small beads securely dated to circa 3200 BC, from two burials in Gerzeh, northern Egypt."<ref name=Rehren>{{ cite journal |author=Thilo Rehrena |author2=Tamás Belgya |author3=Albert Jambon |author4=György Káli |author5=Zsolt Kasztovszky |author6=Zoltán Kis |author7=Imre Kovács |author8=Boglárka Maróti |author9=Marcos Martinón-Torres |author10=Gianluca Miniaci |author11=Vincent C. Pigott |author12=Miljana Radivojević |author13=László Rosta |author14=László Szentmiklósi |author15=Zoltán Szőkefalvi-Nagy |title=5,000 years old Egyptian iron beads made from hammered meteoritic iron |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |month=December |year=2013 |volume=40 |issue=12 |pages=4785–92 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440313002057 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.002 |pmid= |accessdate=2016-10-23 }}</ref> "Since both tombs are securely dated to Naqada IIC–IIIA, c 3400–3100 BC (Adams, 1990: 25; Stevenson, 2009: 11–31), the beads predate the emergence of iron smelting by nearly 2000 years, and other known meteoritic iron artefacts by 500 years or more (Yalçın 1999), giving them an exceptional position in the history of metal use."<ref name=Rehren/> The image on the left uses neutron radiography to show the metal underneath the corrosion. "Bead UC10738 [in the image on the right] has a maximum length of 1.5 cm and a maximum diameter of 1.3 cm, bead UC10739 is 1.7 cm by 0.7 cm, and bead UC10740 is 1.7 cm by 0.3 cm. All three beads are of rust-brown colour with a rough surface, indicative of heavy iron corrosion. Initial analysis by [proton–induced X–ray fluorescence] pXRF indicated an elevated nickel content of the surface of the beads, in the order of a few per cent, and their magnetic property suggested that iron metal may be present in their body (Jambon, 2010)."<ref name=Rehren/> Meteoric iron, a characteristic iron–nickel alloy, was used by various ancient peoples thousands of years before the Iron Age. Such iron, being in its native metallic state, required no smelting of ores.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7VMVguiMmY0C&pg=PA164 ''Archaeomineralogy'', p. 164], George Robert Rapp, Springer, 2002</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=DaAmwiJ4rnEC&pg=PA125 ''Understanding materials science'', p. 125], Rolf E. Hummel, Springer, 2004</ref> {{clear}} ==-3rd Century== [[Image:Sea island survey.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Sea Island survey diagram 窥望海岛之图 was first written of by the Chinese mathematician Liu Hui during the Three Kingdoms era (220–280 CE). Credit: Liu Hui.{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Mexico.Mex.Teotihuacan.PyramidMoon.01.jpg|thumb|right|360px|The Pyramid of the Moon is one of several monuments built in Teotihuacán apparently in the 3rd century BC. Credit: Hajor.{{tlx|free media}}]] A Sea Island survey diagram shown on the right was first written of by the Chinese mathematician Liu Hui during the Three Kingdoms era (220–280 CE). "Jastorf (La Tène) culture [3rd to 1st century BC] with bronze and iron technology. Rich building evidence in downtown Bremen."<ref name=Heinsohn2017/> "Many of the coins found at Heracleion date to the time of King Ptolemy II, who ruled Egypt from 283 to 246 B.C."<ref name=Moss/> {{clear}} ==-4th Century== [[Image:Dioptra-principe2.jpg|thumb|right|300px|This is a diagram that shows the operational principles of the dioptra. Credit: [[commons:User:Nerijp|Nerijp]].{{tlx|fairuse}}]] [[Image:PtolemyWithElephants.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Ptolemaic coins are from the submerged Heracleion. Credit: [[c:user:World Imaging|World Imaging]].]] A 3rd&nbsp;century BCE '''dioptra''' in the image at the right is an astronomical and surveying instrument, a sighting tube if fitted with protractors, it could be used to measure angles. Numerous finds from the [Thonis-Heracleion] site have indicated that the city's period of major activity ran from the 6th to the 4th century BC,<ref name="Lost city of Heracleion gives up its secrets">{{cite web |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/environment/archaeology/10022628/Lost-city-of-Heracleion-gives-up-its-secrets.html |title=Lost city of Heracleion gives up its secrets |work=The Telegraph |accessdate = 2013-06-06}}</ref> with finds of pottery and coins appearing to stop at the end of the 2nd century BC.<ref name=LostCities6/> Goddio's finds have also included incomplete statues of the god Serapis and the queen Arsinoe II.<ref name="Telegraph-Goddio">{{cite web|last1=Sooke|first1=Alastair|title=Sunken Cities: the man who found Atlantis|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/sunken-cities-the-man-who-found-atlantis/|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=22 September 2016}}</ref> No more than 5% of the city's area was explored by the archaeologist.<ref name=LostCities6/> {{clear}} ==-5th Century== [[Image:Edzna, Five-Story Building (14364891152).jpg|right|thumb|300px|The Gran Acropolis is in Edzná. Credit: [https://www.flickr.com/people/67769030@N07 Arian Zwegers from Brussels, Belgium].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:The Parthenon in Athens.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The Parthenon, Athens Greece, photo taken in 1978. Credit: [http://flickr.com/photos/68686051@N00 Steve Swayne] .{{tlx|free media}}]] Edzná is a Mayan archaeological site in the north of the Mexican state of Campeche. The Gran Acropolis is on the right. Edzná was already inhabited in 400 BC (2400 b2k). Apparently construction on the Parthenon is dated to have begun in 447 BC (2447 b2k) and was completed in 438 BC (2438 b2k) although decoration continued until 432 BC (2432 b2k). "The fifth-century B.C. historian Herodotus writes that the Temple of Heracles [in Thonis (Heracleion)] was a refuge for runaway slaves. Herodotus notes that if a slave took refuge there and had the “sacred marks” set on them it would not be lawful for the slave’s original owner to claim them."<ref name=Moss/> {{clear}} ==Subatlantic period== [[Image:Mexico.Mich.Tzintzuntzan.01.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The archaeological site of Tzintzuntzan is the capital of the Tarascan state. Credit: [[c:user:Hajor~commonswiki|Hajor]].{{tlx|free media}}]] The "calibration of radiocarbon dates at approximately 2500-2450 BP [2500-2450 b2k] is problematic due to a "plateau" (known as the "Hallstatt-plateau") in the calibration curve [...] A decrease in solar activity caused an increase in production of ¹⁴C, and thus a sharp rise in Δ ¹⁴C, beginning at approximately 850 cal (calendar years) BC [...] Between approximately 760 and 420 cal BC (corresponding to 2500-2425 BP [2500-2425 b2k]), the concentration of ¹⁴C returned to "normal" values."<ref name=Speranza>{{ cite journal |author=A. Speranza |author2=J. van der Plicht |author3=B. van Geel |title=Improving the time control of the Subboreal/Subatlantic transition in a Czech peat sequence by ¹⁴C wiggle-matching |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |month=November |year=2000 |volume=19 |issue=16 |pages=1589-1604 |url=http://www.researchgate.net/publication/30494985_Improving_the_time_control_of_the_SubborealSubatlantic_transition_in_a_Czech_peat_sequence_by_14C_wiggle-matching/file/60b7d51c350cf2efa0.pdf |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00108-0 |pmid= |accessdate=2014-11-04 }}</ref> "The main discontinuity in the climatic condition during the Bronze Age and Iron Age transition can be identified in the boundary from Subatlantic to Subboreal (2800-2500 BP; 996/914-766/551 2σ cal. BC). Such period “has globally been identified as a time of marked climatic change. Stratigraphical, paleobotanical and archaeological evidence point to a change from a dry and warm to a more humid and cool climate in central and northwestern Europe” (Tinner et al. 2003). The climatic deterioration which characterizes this chronological range is directly responsible of the plateau in the calibration curve between 760 and 420 BC (2500-2425 BP) (see chapter 4.3.2.1). The climatic oscillation around 2700 BP (896/813 2σ cal. BC) has been detected worldwide. Van Geel et al. (1996, 1998) and Speranza et al. (2002) found an abrupt shift around 850 BC in changing species composition of peat-forming mosses in European Holocene raised bog deposits. The change was from mosses preferring warm conditions to those preferring colder and wetter environments. Archaeological evidence supports such a change. Bronze Age settlements located in the Netherlands were suddenly abandoned after a long period of occupation which last around one millennium (Dergachev et al. 2004). Other studies confirmed the climatic discontinuity; Schilman et al. (2001) studied δ18O and δ13C in deposits from the southeastern Mediterranean, off Israel, and recognized the presence of two humid events in the time ranges of 3500-3000 BP (1884/1772-1263/1215 2σ cal. BC) and 1700-1000 BP (332/389-1016/1030 2σ cal. AD) and a period of arid conditions between 3000 and 1700 BP (1263/1215 2σ cal. BC- 332/389 2σ cal. AD). Barber and Langdon (2001) identified three main long climatic deteriorations 2900-2830 BP (1119/1037-1012/934 2σ cal. BC), 2630-2590 BP (810/797-801/788 2σ cal. BC) and 1550-1400 BP (430/549-637/658 2σ cal. AD) through the analysis of plant macrofossils in a peat deposit of Walton Moss located in Northern England and comparing such data with a temperature reconstruction based on chironomids in the sediment of a nearby lake."<ref name=Capuzzo/> "The first (purely typological) studies on Early Bronze Age (EBA) assemblages in the Jordan Valley settled on the turn of the 4th/3rd millennium BC [mark] the beginnings of the earliest Bronze Age culture (Albright 1932; Mallon 1932)."<ref name=Bourke>{{ cite journal |author=S Bourke |author2=U Zoppi |author3=J Meadows |author4=Q Hua |author5=S Gibbins |title=The beginning of the Early Bronze Age in the north Jordan Valley: new 14C determinations from Pella in Jordan |journal=Radiocarbon |month= January |year=2009 |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=905-913 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Quan_Hua2/publication/260038389_The_Beginning_of_the_Early_Bronze_Age_in_the_North_Jordan_Valley_New_14C_determinations_from_Pella_in_Jordan/links/00b49537d32bf17b4a000000.pdf |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.2458/azu_js_rc.51.3549 |pmid= |accessdate=2016-10-23 }}</ref> {{clear}} =="Hallstatt disaster"== [[Image:Hallstatt Plateau IntCal13 calibration curve.png|right|thumb|300px|"Hallstatt disaster" refers to the plateau located in the calibration curve between 760 and 420 cal BC (2500-2425 BP). Credit: Giacomo Capuzzo.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] "With the term “Hallstatt disaster” the scientific community refers to the plateau located in the calibration curve between 760 and 420 cal BC (2500-2425 BP) [the graph on the right]. The term is due to the chronological analogy to the Hallstatt society which developed in the late Bronze Age and the beginning of Iron Age in the northern part of the Alps (Austria). The flat shape of the calibration curve in this time-span is the result of the decrease, and hence the return to normal values, of the percentage of ¹⁴C after a period characterized by an increase in the concentration of radiocarbon in the atmosphere, which is mirrored in the calibration curve as a sharp descent between 850 and 760 BC (2700-2450 BP) (Speranza et al. 2000). As asserted by many authors (Van Geel et al. 1996; Van Geel et al. 1998; Tinner et al. 2003; Dergachev et al. 2004; Van der Plicht et al. 2004; Swindles et al. 2007) the chronological range 850-760 BC is characterized by an abrupt increase of the amount of ¹⁴C in the atmosphere and it corresponds chronologically to the boundary from Subatlantic to Subboreal (2800-2500 BP), which “has globally been identified as a time of marked climatic change. Stratigraphical, paleobotanical and archaeological evidence point to a change from a dry and warm to a more humid and cool climate in central and northwestern Europe” (Tinner et al. 2003)."<ref name=Capuzzo>{{ cite book |author=Giacomo Capuzzo |title=SPACE-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF RADIOCARBON EVIDENCE AND ASSOCIATED ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD: FROM DANUBE TO EBRO RIVERS AND FROM BRONZE TO IRON AGES |publisher=UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA |location=BARCELONA, Spain |year=2014 |volume= |issue= |pages=416 |url=https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tesis/2014/hdl_10803_283401/gc1de1.pdf |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |accessdate=2017-10-11 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==-6th Century== [[Image:Baylonianmaps.JPG|right|thumb|300px|This is the Babylonian Map of the World ''Imago Mundi'', the oldest known world map, dated to 6th century BC Babylonia. Credit: [[commons:User:Artaxiad|Artaxiad]].]] [[Image:Kroisos stake Louvre G197.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Croesus at the stake is on Side A from an Attic red-figure amphora, ca. 500–490 BC. Credit: Myson.{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:British Museum gold coin of Croesus.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Gold coin of Croesus, the Lydian, around 550 BC, is from modern Turkey. Credit: [[commons:User:BabelStone|BabelStone]].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Alkaios Sappho Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2416 n2.jpg|thumb|center|300px|One of the earliest surviving images of Sappho, from c. 470 BC. Credit: Brygos Painter.]] The map on the right shows Assyria, Babylonia and Armenia. Croesus, 595 BC – c. 546 BC, was king of Lydia for apparently 14 years: from 560 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 546 BC, or 547 BC. He issued gold-silver alloy coins as on the left. Based on the pottery shown in the image on the right, Croesus was burned to death. "Sappho of Eresos" is shown center holding a lyre and plectrum, and turning toward a bearded man with a lyre partially visible on the left. A general world-wide use of bronze occurred between 5300 and 2600 b2k. {{clear}} ==-7th Century== [[Image:Amulet to ward off plague.jpg|right|thumb|220px|An Amulet to ward off plague is inscribed with a quotation from the Akkadian Erra Epic. Credit: [[commons:User:Fæ|Fæ]].]] [[Image:Esarhaddon.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, has his portrait on a stone stele, dated after 671 BC. Credit: Maur.{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Black basalt monument of king Esarhaddon. It narrates Esarhaddon's restoration of Babylon. Circa 670 BCE. From Babylon, Mesopotamia, Iraq. The British Museum, London.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Black basalt monument of king Esarhaddon narrates Esarhaddon's restoration of Babylon. Circa 670 BCE. From Babylon, Mesopotamia, Iraq. The British Museum, London. Credit: [[commons:User:Neuroforever|Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg)]].{{tlx|free media}}]] Amulet in the image on the right dates from 800 BC-612 BC for warding off plague. Esarhaddon, portrayed on a stone stele, dated after 671 BC on the right, apparently ruled Assyria between 681 – 669 BC. The black basalt monument of king Esarhaddon on the left narrates Esarhaddon's restoration of Babylon, ca. 670 BCE, from Babylon, Mesopotamia, Iraq, now in The British Museum, London. {{clear}} ==-8th Century== [[Image:Nimrud lens British Museum.jpg|thumb|right|250px|This image is a photo of the [[w:Nimrud lens|Nimrud lens]] in the [[w:British museum|British museum]]. Credit: [[commons:User:Geni|Geni]].]] [[Image:Nimrud lens edge on.png|left|thumb|250px|On edge image of the Nimrud lens shows its plano- (left edge) convex (right edge) shape. Credit: Dimitris Plantzos.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] [[Image:Prothesis Dipylon Painter A517.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Dipylon Vase of the late Geometric period, or the beginning of the Archaic period, is dated c. 750 BC. Credit: Dipylon Master.{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Sargon II and dignitary.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Sargon II, King of Assyria is depicted here with a dignitary. Credit: [[commons:User:Jastrow|Jastrow]].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Elissa Statut.jpg|center|thumb|250px|This is a statue of Elissa, Queen of Carthage. Credit: [[commons:User:Emnamizouni|Emna Mizouni]].{{tlx|free media}}]] Nimrud lens is plano-convex, Neo-Assyrian, from the North West Palace, Room AB, dated to 750–710 BC, discovered by Austen Henry Layard at the Assyrian palace of Nimrud, in modern-day Iraq.<ref name=Whitehouse1999>{{ cite book |author=David Whitehouse |title=World's oldest telescope? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/380186.stm |date=July 1, 1999 |work=BBC News |accessdate=May 10, 2008 }}</ref> The ""Loupe of Sargon," a piano-convex rock-crystal lentoid [was] excavated by Layard at Nimrud in the 1850s [on the right].²⁸ The object is oval (40 x 35 mm) and of uneven thickness (max. th. 22.5 mm) [centered and including the maximum convexness as shown edge-on in the image on the left. Its focal length has been calculated at 112.5 mm. Its nominal magnification is about 2 x but, owing to its imperfect surface, it would be useless as a tool."<ref name=Plantzos>{{ cite journal |author=Dimitris Plantzos |title=Crystals and Lenses in the Graeco-Roman World |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |date=July 1997 |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=451-64 |url=http://www.hist-arch.uoi.gr/prosopiko/plantzos/Crystals.pdf |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |accessdate=2011-10-17 }}</ref> This Dipylon Vase on the right is apparently from the late Geometric period, or the beginning of the Archaic period, c. 750 BC (2750 b2k). Prothesis scene is exposure of the dead and mourning. The low-relief from the L wall of the palace of Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin in Assyria (now Khorsabad in Iraq) is apparently dated to c. 716–713 BC. It is the image on the left. In the center is an image of the upper portion of a statue of Elissa, Queen of Carthage, apparently from the early 8th century or late ninth century. "The founding of the Phoenician colony of Toscanos would have come a bit later; its earliest levels (Strata I/II) would date from the years 805–780 cal BC.⁶"<ref name=Aubet2008/> {{clear}} ==Subboreal period== The "period around 850-760 BC, [2850-2760 b2k, is] characterised by a decrease in solar activity and a sharp increase of Δ ¹⁴C [...] the local vegetation succession, in relation to the changes in atmospheric radiocarbon content, shows additional evidence for solar forcing of climate change at the Subboreal - Subatlantic transition."<ref name=Speranza/> ==-9th Century== [[Image:ShalmaneserIII.jpg|thumb|right|300px|King Jehu of the Kingdom of Israel bows before Shalmaneser III of Assyria. Credit: [[w:user:Chaldean|Chaldean]].]] In 842 BC the Kingdom of Israel and the Phoenician cities sent tributes to Shalmaneser III. The image on the right is from the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III and depicts King Jehu of the Kingdom of Israel bowing before Shalmaneser III of Assyria. Carthage was founded in 814 BC.<ref name="Moscati">{{ cite book |author=Sabatino Moscati |editor= Sabatino Moscati |title=Colonization of the Mediterranean, In: ''The Phoenicians'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1EEtmT9Tbj4C |accessdate=12 February 2013 |date=12 January 2001 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1-85043-533-4 |page=48 }}</ref> "The recent radiocarbon dates from the earliest levels in Carthage situate the founding of this Tyrian colony in the years 835–800 cal BC,^4 which coincides with the dates handed down by Flavius Josephus and Timeus for the founding of the city."<ref name=Aubet2008>{{ cite book |title=Political and Economic Implications of the New Phoenician Chronologies |url=http://www.upf.edu/larq/_pdf/AubtCrono.pdf |publisher=Universidad Pompeu Fabra |accessdate=24 February 2013 |author=Maria Eugenia Aubet |pages=179 |date=2008 }}</ref> The "dates for the founding of Carthage coincide with dates established for the Phoenician colony of Morro de Mezquitilla, which situate the most ancient occupation levels (Strata B1a and B2) in the years 807–802 cal BC.⁵"<ref name=Aubet2008/> The "founding of the first Phoenician colonies at the end of the ninth century coincides with the radio-carbon chronology attributed to the most ancient Phoenician imports recorded in the indigenous Portuguese settlements and in the south of Spain, like Acinipo, Alcáçova de Santarem or Cerro de la Mora.⁷"<ref name=Aubet2008/> {{clear}} ==Late Bronze Ages== The Late Bronze Ages begin about 3550 b2k and end about 2900 b2k. The Pátzcuaro Basin is "on the Central Mexican Altiplano [19° 36′ N 101° 39′ W 2,033–3,000 meters above sea level (m asl)] [...] The earliest occupation is indicated by maize pollen in lake cores [sometime between 1690 and 940 B.C. (43, 47, 49)]."<ref name=Fisher2003>{{ cite journal |author=Christopher T. Fisher |author2=Helen P. Pollard |author3=Isabel Israde-Alcántara |author4=Victor H. Garduño-Monroy |author5=Subir K. Banerjee |title=A reexamination of human-induced environmental change within the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin, Michoacán, Mexico |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA |month=April |year=2003 |volume=100 |issue=8 |pages=4957-4962 |url=http://www.pnas.org/content/100/8/4957.long |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1073/pnas.0630493100 |pmid= |accessdate=2018-2-25 }}</ref> The "abandonment of lakeshore Swiss pile-dwellings has been dated to around 1520 BC [3520 b2k] (Menotti 2001). [Slightly] "later in time episodes of flood events and lake-level highstand at 3100 BP (1415/1311 2σ cal. BC) and 2800 BP (996/914 2σ cal. BC) have been recently detected in the Southern Alps, in the sediment cores extracted from the Lake Ledro, located in the province of Trento (Joannin et al. 2014)."<ref name=Capuzzo>{{ cite book |author=Giacomo Capuzzo |title=SPACE-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF RADIOCARBON EVIDENCE AND ASSOCIATED ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD: FROM DANUBE TO EBRO RIVERS AND FROM BRONZE TO IRON AGES |publisher=UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA |location=BARCELONA, Spain |year=2014 |volume= |issue= |pages=416 |url=https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tesis/2014/hdl_10803_283401/gc1de1.pdf |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |accessdate=2017-10-11 }}</ref> Radiocarbon "data indicate that the New Kingdom of Egypt started between 1570 and 1544 B.C.E [3570 - 3544 b2k]."<ref name=Ramsey>{{ cite journal |author=Christopher Bronk Ramsey |author2=Michael W. Dee |author3=Joanne M. Rowland |author4=Thomas F. G. Higham |author5=Stephen A. Harris |author6=Fiona Brock |author7=Anita Quiles |author8=Eva M. Wild |author9=Ezra S. Marcus |author10=Andrew J. Shortland |title=Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt |journal=Science |month=18 June |year=2010 |volume=328 |issue=5985 |pages=1554-1557 |url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5985/1554 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1126/science.1189395 |pmid= |accessdate=2017-10-11 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==-10th Century== [[Image:Psusennes I mask.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Gold burial mask is for Pharaoh Psusennes I, discovered 1940 by Pierre Montet. Credit: [[commons:User:Locutus_Borg|José-Manuel Benito]].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Mask_of_Amenemope1.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Burial mask is for Pharaoh Amenemope, currently in the Cairo Museum. Credit: [http://www.flickr.com/people/10647023@N04/ tutincommon (John Campana)].{{tlx|free media}}]] The 10th century BC is equivalent to 3,000 to 2,900 b2k. On the right is the burial mask for the Pharaoh Psusennes I exhumed from Tomb III at Tanis (Nile delta). The material used is gold (different pieces were assembled using nails). The eyebrows and eye shadows are lapis lazuli. The eyes are glass paste. There is a cobra on the forehead. The ritual beard is braided to symbolize the death of the sovereign. It is kept in the Egyptian Museum of Cairo. Dynasty is the XXI, dated to c. 1039 BC-990 BC. In the left image is the burial mask for pharaoh Amenemope of the 21^st Dynasty of Egypt, dated to 1001 – 992 BC or 993 – 984 BC. {{clear}} ==-11th Century== ==-12th Century== [[Image:PtolemyVIIIStela.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The stelae of Ptolemy VIII is from the temple of Heracleion. Credit: [[c:user:World Imaging|World Imaging]].]] Thongs-Heracleion's legendary beginnings go back to as early as the 12th century BC, and it is mentioned by ancient Greek historians. Its importance grew particularly during the waning days of the Pharaohs.<ref name=Alberge>{{cite web|author=Dalya Alberge|title=Ancient Egyptian underwater treasures to be exhibited for the first time|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/aug/02/ancient-egyptian-artefacts-thonis-heracleion-canopus-paris|date=2 August 2015|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> "Until very recently the site had been known only from a few literary and epigraphic sources, one of which interestingly mentions the site as an emporion, just like Naukratis."<ref name=naukratis> [https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/online_research_catalogues/ng/naukratis_greeks_in_egypt/introduction/naukratis_a_city_and_port.aspx Naukratis: a city and trading port in Egypt], British Museum</ref> The city was mentioned by the ancient historians Diodorus (1.19.4) and Strabo (17.1.16). Herodotus was told that Thonis was the warden of the Canopic mouth of the Nile: Thonis arrested Alexander (Paris), the son of Priam, because Alexander had abducted Helen of Troy and taken much wealth.<ref name=naukratis /><ref>Herodotus, ''Histories'', 2.113-115</ref> Heracleion is also mentioned in the twin steles of the Decree of Nectanebo I (the first of which is known as the 'Stele of Naukratis'), which specify that one tenth of the taxes on imports passing through the town of Thonis/Herakleion were to be given to the sanctuary of Neith of Sais.<ref name=naukratis /> The city is also mentioned in the Decree of Canopus honoring Pharaoh Ptolemy III, which describes donations, sacrifices and a procession on water.<ref name=Alberge/> {{clear}} ==Middle Bronze Ages== [[Image:Fresco of a fisherman, Akrotiri, Greece.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Fresco of ''The Fisherman'' is from Akrotiri, Santorini, Greece at a height of 1.10 m. Credit: Yann Forget.{{tlx|free media}}]] The Middle Bronze Ages begin about 4100 b2k and end about 3550 b2k. ''The Fisherman'' is a Minoan Bronze Age fresco from Akrotiri, on the Aegean island of Santorini (classically Thera), dated to the Neo-Palatial period (c. 1640–1600 BC). The settlement of Akrotiri was buried in volcanic ash (dated by radiocarbon dating to c. 1627 BC [c. 3626 b2k]) by the Minoan eruption on the island, which preserved many Minoan frescoes like this. High precision radiocarbon dating of 18 samples from Jericho, including six samples of carbonized cereal from the burnt stratum, gave the age of the strata as 1562 BC, with a margin of error of 38 years [3562 ± 38 b2k].<ref name=Bruins>{{ cite journal |author=Hendrik Bruins |author2=Johannes van der Plicht |title=Tell-es-Sultan (Jericho): Radiocarbon results of short-lived cereal and multiyear charcoal samples from the end of the Middle Bronze Age |journal=Radiocarbon |volume=37 |issue=2 |year=1995 |pages=213-220 |url=https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/viewFile/1666/1670 |accessdate=2017-10-11 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==Early Bronze Ages== The Early Bronze Ages began about 5300 b2k and end about 4100 b2k. A logboat from Ireland (Inch Abbey, Co. Down) was dendrochronology dated to 4140 b2k.<ref name=Lanting>{{ cite journal |author=J.N. Lanting |title=DATES FOR ORIGIN AND DIFFUSION OF THE EUROPEAN LOGBOAT |journal=Palaeohistoria |year=2015 |volume=57 |issue= |pages=627-650 |url=http://ugp.rug.nl/Palaeohistoria/article/download/25107/22563 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |accessdate=2017-10-13 }}</ref> A logboat made from alder from Denmark (Verup l) designated K-4098B was radiocarbon dated to 4220 ± 75 b2k.<ref name=Lanting/> A logboat from Ireland (Ballygowan, Co. AmJagh) designated GrN-20550 was radiocarbon dated to 4660 ± 40 b2k.<ref name=Lanting/> "In the Chalcolithic/earliest Bronze Age I period (c. 4500±3000 cal BC), copper was mined in open galleries from the massive brown sandstone deposit, which consisted of thick layers of the copper carbonate malachite and chalcocite, a copper sulphide."<ref name=Ottaway>{{ cite journal |author=B.S. Ottaway |title=Innovation, production and specialization in early prehistoric copper metallurgy |journal=European Journal of Archaeology |year=2001 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=87-112 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/eja.2001.4.1.87 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1179/eja.2001.4.1.87 |pmid= |accessdate=2016-10-23 }}</ref> The "Atlantic period [is] 4.6–6 ka [4,600-6,000 b2k]."<ref name=Karabanov>{{ cite journal |author=E.B. Karabanov |author2=A.A. Prokopenko |author3=D.F. Williams |author4=G.K. Khursevich |title=A new record of Holocene climate change from the bottom sediments of Lake Baikal |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |date=March 2000 |volume=156 |issue=3-4 |pages=211–24 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018299001418 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1016/S0031-182(99)00141-8 |pmid= |accessdate=2014-11-04 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==-50th Century== [[Image:Dolmen Guadalperal Verano 2019.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Due to the low water level of the Valdecañas Reservoir, the Doldal de Guadalperal is fully visible. Credit: [[c:user:Pleonr|Pleonr]].{{tlx|free media}}]] The "Dolmen of Guadalperal [dubbed] the “Spanish Stonehenge,” the monument is a circle of more than 100 standing rocks dating back to 7,000 years ago."<ref name=Patel>{{ cite web |author=Kasha Patel |title=Drought Reveals Lost “Spanish Stonehenge” |publisher=NASA |location=Washington, DC USA |date=19 September 2019 |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/145619/drought-reveals-lost-spanish-stonehenge |accessdate=19 September 2019 }}</ref> "Originally constructed from granite that was likely transported from miles away, the stones are porous and already falling over, cracking, and eroding."<ref name=Patel/> The "dolmen’s most notable feature is a large stone that marks its entrance and features a squiggly line. Some believe it is a map of the Tagus River, which would make it one of the oldest maps on Earth."<ref name=Patel/> {{clear}} ==Atlantic== [[Image:Hieroglyphics found at El-Khawy in Egypt show two storks, back to back.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Hieroglyphics found at El-Khawy in Egypt show two storks, back to back, with an ibis between them (left), as well as a bull's head (right). Credit: John Darnell, Yale University.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] [[Image:A little elephant is shown inside an adult elephant.jpg|left|thumb|250px|A little elephant is shown inside an adult elephant, an indication that the animal is pregnant. Credit: John Darnell, Yale University.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] The "Atlantic period [is from] 4.6–6 ka [6,000 to 4,600 b2k]."<ref name=Karabanov/> "This newly discovered rock art site of El-Khawy preserves some of the earliest — and largest — signs from the formative stages of the hieroglyphic script [such as the back-to-back storks in the image on the right dating back around 5,200 years] and provides evidence for how the ancient Egyptians invented their unique writing system."<ref name=Darnell>{{ cite book |author=John Darnell |title=5,000-Year-Old 'Billboard' of Hieroglyphs Contains a Cosmic Message |publisher=Live Science |location= |date=22 June 2017 |url=https://www.livescience.com/59588-billboard-of-hieroglyphs-contains-cosmic-message.html |accessdate=2017-06-25 }}</ref> Another "carving, [on the left, shows] a herd of elephants, created sometime between 4000 B.C. and 3500 B.C. One of the adult elephants in the scene was drawn with a little elephant inside its body [in the image on the right] — an incredibly rare way of representing a pregnant female animal."<ref name=Darnell/> The "reign of Djoser in the Old Kingdom started between 2691 and 2625 B.C.E."<ref name=Ramsey/> "The last remains of the American ice sheet disappeared about 6000 years ago [6,000 b2k]".<ref name=Dansgaard>{{ cite book |author=Willi Dansgaard |title=Frozen Annals Greenland Ice Cap Research |publisher=Niels Bohr Institute |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |date=2005 |editor=The Department of Geophysics of The Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy Physics and Geophysics at The University of Copenhagen Denmark |pages=123 |url=http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/publications/FrozenAnnals.pdf/ |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |isbn=87-990078-0-0 |accessdate=2014-10-05 }}</ref> Beginning with the temperatures, as derivable from Greenland ice core data, it is possible to define an 'Early' or 'Pre-Atlantic' period at around 8040 BC, where the ¹⁸O isotope line remains above 33 ppm in the combined curve after Rasmussen et al. (2006),<ref>S.O. Rasmussen, B.M. Vinther, H.B. Clausen, and K.K. Andersen. Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) Early Holocene section. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2006-119. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA.</ref> which then would end at the well-known 6.2 ka BC (8.2 ka calBP)-cold-event. "The Atlantic is equivalent to Pollen Zone VII."<ref name=Botteville>{{ cite book |author=[[w:User:Botteville|Botteville]] |title=Atlantic (period) |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc |location=San Francisco, California |date=19 February 2006 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_(period) |accessdate=15 July 2018 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==Boreal transition== "In some cores a narrow band of clay interrupts the organic muds, at the horizon of the Boreal Atlantic transition."<ref name=Franks>{{ cite journal |author=J. W. Franks |author2=W. Pennington |title=The Late-Glacial and Post-Glacial Deposits of the Esthwaite Basin, North Lancashire |journal=New Phytologist |month=April |year=1961 |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=27-42 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1961.tb06237.x/asset/j.1469-8137.1961.tb06237.x.pdf;jsessionid=EB6966DF0A2FBCC3534CCD6A6413808D.f02t01?v=1&t=i23es9k1&s=e619673cf5bc8be51450a303a914df03f8cba94d |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |pmid= |accessdate=2014-11-04 }}</ref> ==Chalcolithic== The '''copper age history''' period began from 6990 b2k. The Chalcolithic is often referred to as the Copper Age. The "oldest securely dated evidence of copper making, from 7,000 years ago [6990 b2k], at the archaeological site of Belovode, Serbia."<ref name=Radivojevic>{{ cite book |author=Miljana Radivojevic |author2=Thilo Rehren |title=Serbian site may have hosted first copper makers |publisher=UCL Institute of Archaeology |location=London, England |date=23 September 2010 |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/calendar/articles/20100924 |accessdate=2015-01-18 }}</ref> ==Neolithic== The base of the Neolithic is approximated to 12,200 b2k. The transition to the Chalcolithic is between 6,500 and 4,000 b2k. ==Mesolithic== [[Image:OpgravingStevoort.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Mesolithic artefacts (most Wommersom quartzite) were found during excavation in Stevoort, 2008 (Collection Prehistoric Archeology K.U. Leuven). Credit: [[c:user:Vaneiles|Vaneiles]].{{tlx|free media}}]] [[Image:Большой шигирский идол.jpg|thumb|200px|upright|left|The Shigir Idol is displayed. Credit: [[c:user:Фальшивомонетчик|Владислав Фальшивомонетчик]].{{tlx|free media}}]] The '''mesolithic''' period dates from around 13,000 to 8,500 b2k. By the time of Vere Gordon Childe's work, ''The Dawn of Europe'' (1947), which affirms the Mesolithic, sufficient data had been collected to determine that a transitional period between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic was indeed a useful concept.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Linder |first1=F. |title=Social differentiering i mesolitiska jägar-samlarsamhällen |date=1997 |publisher=Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, Uppsala universitet |location=Uppsala. }}</ref> The Mesolithic began with the Holocene warm period around 11,660&nbsp;BP and ended with the introduction of farming, the date of which varied in each geographical region. Regions that experienced greater environmental effects as the last glacial period ended have a much more apparent Mesolithic era, lasting millennia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Conneller |first1=Chantal |last2=Bayliss |first2=Alex |last3=Milner |first3=Nicky |last4=Taylor |first4=Barry |title=The Resettlement of the British Landscape: Towards a chronology of Early Mesolithic lithic assemblage types |journal=Internet Archaeology |date=2016 |volume=42 |doi=10.11141/ia.42.12 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==Paleolithic== [[Image:Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain-110113.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain are shown. Credit: Yvon Fruneau, photographer.]] The '''paleolithic''' period dates from around 2.6 x 10⁶ b2k to the end of the Pleistocene around 12,000 b2k. The '''Paleolithic''' or '''Palaeolithic''' is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Christian |first1=David |title=Big History: Between Nothing and Everything |date=2014 |publisher=McGraw Hill Education |location=New York |page=93 |accessdate= }}</ref> It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools by hominins c. 3.3&nbsp;million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene c. 11,650&nbsp;cal&nbsp;BP.<ref name=Thoth&Schick>Toth, Nicholas; Schick, Kathy (2007). {{cite journal|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/u68378621542472j|title=Handbook of Paleoanthropology | doi=10.1007/978-3-540-33761-4_64 | journal=Handbook of Paleoanthropology|pages=1943–1963}} In Henke, H.C. Winfried; Hardt, Thorolf; Tatersall, Ian. ''Handbook of Paleoanthropology''. Volume 3. Berlin; Heidelberg; New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 1944. (PRINT: {{ISBN|978-3-540-32474-4}} ONLINE: {{ISBN|978-3-540-33761-4}})</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; text-align:center;" |+ Currently agreed upon classifications as Paleolithic geoclimatic episodes<ref>Gamble, Clive (1990), El poblamiento Paleolítico de Europa, Barcelona: Editorial Crítica. {{ISBN|84-7423-445-X}}.</ref> |- valign="top" !Age <br />(before)!!North America!!England (Atlantic Europe)!!Maghreb!!Italy!!Central Europe |- || 10,000 years ||Flandrian interglacial ||Flandriense ||''Mellahiense'' ||''Versiliense'' ||Flandrian interglacial |- | 80,000 years ||'''Wisconsin''' || '''Devensiense'''||Regresión || Regresión||'''Wisconsin Stage''' |- || 140,000 years ||Sangamoniense ||Ipswichiense ||''Ouljiense'' ||''Tirreniense II y III'' ||Eemian Stage |- || 200,000 years ||'''Illinois''' ||'''Wolstoniense''' ||Regresión ||Regresión ||'''Wolstonian Stage''' |- || 450,000 years ||Yarmouthiense ||Hoxniense ||''Anfatiense'' ||''Tirreniense I'' ||Hoxnian Stage |- | 580,000 years ||'''Kansas''' ||'''Angliense''' ||Regresión ||Regresión ||'''Kansan Stage''' |- || 750,000 years ||Aftoniense ||Cromeriense ||''Maarifiense'' ||''Siciliense'' ||Cromerian Complex |- || 1,100,000 years ||'''Nebraska''' ||'''Beestoniense''' ||Regresión ||Regresión ||'''Beestonian stage''' |- || 1,400,000 years ||interglaciar ||Ludhamiense ||''Messaudiense'' ||''Calabriense'' ||Donau-Günz |} {{clear}} ==Marine Isotope Stage 3== {{Gallery |title=Stone hand axes found at Lynford Quarry |width=160 |height=100 |lines=3 |align=left |Image:Lynford Hand axe-Discoid.jpg| alt1=|Discoid hand axe |Image:Lynford Hand axe-Cordiform.jpg| alt2=|Cordiform hand axe |Image:Lynford Hand axe-Amydaloid.jpg| alt3=|Amygdaloid hand axe }} In archaeology, a '''bout-coupé''' is a type of handaxe that constituted part of the Neanderthal Mousterian industry of the Middle Palaeolithic. The handaxes are bifacially-worked and in the shape of a rounded triangle. They are only found in Britain in the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) interglacial between 59,000 and 41,000 years BP, and are therefore considered a unique diagnostic variant.<ref>{{cite book |title=The British Palaeolithic: Human Societies at the Edge of the Pleistocene World |first1=Paul |last1=Pettitt |first2=Mark |last2=White |publisher=Routledge |date=2012 |page=349 |location=Abingdon, UK |isbn=978-0-415-67455-3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0092.00152/abstract |author=White, Mark J |author2=Jacobi, Roger M |title=Two Sides to Every Story: Bout Coupé Handaxes Revisited |date=May 2002 |publisher=Wiley Online Library |journal=Oxford Journal of Archaeology |volume=21 |issue=2 |doi=10.1111/1468-0092.00152 |pages=109–133 }}</ref> Lynford Quarry is the location of a well-preserved ''in-situ'' Middle Palaeolithic open-air site near Mundford, Norfolk.<ref name=Lynford>{{Cite book|title=Lynford Quarry, Mundford, Norfolk|publisher=English Heritage |url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20060214231123/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.3892 |date=30 May 2003|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> ==Ebersdorf Stadial== [[Image:Australia Genetic Archaeological data Aboriginal populations.jpg|right|thumb|300px|This map of Australia combines genetic and archaeological data to show the movements of Aboriginal populations going back tens of thousands of years. Credit: Alan Cooper and Ray Tobler, University of Adelaide.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] "Genetics suggests Neanderthal numbers dropped sharply around 50,000 years ago. This coincides with a sudden cold snap, hinting climate struck the first blow."<ref name=Brahic>{{ cite journal |author=Catherine Brahic |title=Human exodus may have reached China 100,000 years ago |journal=New Scientist |location= |month=08 August |year=2014 |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329813.000-human-exodus-may-have-reached-china-100000-years-ago.html#.U-_PEShOSlI |accessdate=2014-08-16 }}</ref> "The first humans probably reached Australia around 50,000 years ago, which is the age of the oldest human skeletons and tools found."<ref name=Cooper>{{ cite book |author=Alan Cooper |title=How the Aborigenes came to Australia |publisher=Q-Magazine |location= |date= |url=http://www.q-mag.org/how-the-aborigenes-came-to-australia.html |accessdate=2017-05-29 }}</ref> All "the Aborigines likely descend from a single population, which reached the Australian continent 50,000 years ago. Populations then spread rapidly – within 1,500 to 2,000 years – around the east and west coasts of Australia, meeting somewhere in South Australia. Over the following millennia, the population groups remained practically isolated."<ref name=Cooper/> "Australia 50,000 years ago was part of the same landmass as New Guinea. So that the first Aborigines could have reached New Guinea by way of South East Asia and then have gone farther to Australia. There, they settled in groups over the whole continent."<ref name=Cooper/> Many "groups of Aborigines used similar tools and shared a similar language. If humans did not move, how could tools and languages?"<ref name=Bellwood>{{ cite book |author=Peter Bellwood |title=How the Aborigenes came to Australia |publisher=Q-Magazine |location= |date=9 March 2017 |url=http://www.q-mag.org/how-the-aborigenes-came-to-australia.html |accessdate=2017-05-29 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==Marine Isotope Stage 4== [[Image:Neanderthalguerinnicolas.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Neanderthal skull, Museum d'Anthropologie, campus universitaire d'Irchel, Université de Zurich (Suisse), is imaged. Credit: Guerin Nicolas.{{tlx|fairuse}}]] "During the Middle Stone Age of Southern Africa, technological and behavioral innovations led to significant changes in the lifeways of modern humans. The glacial episode of Marine Isotope Stage 4, about 57-71,000 years ago, resulted in cooler and drier climatic conditions and the expansion of grassland vegetation. Sea level dropped by as much as 80 meters below its current level. During this period the cultural phase known as the Howieson’s Poort appeared across much of Southern Africa, peaking at about 60-65,000 years ago, and then disappeared. The lithic industry of the Howieson’s Poort is exemplified by changes in technology, such as the use of the punch technique, an increase in the selection of fine-grained silcrete, and the predominance of retouched pieces including backed tools, segments, scrapers and points. Segments are the type fossil of the Howieson’s Poort and represent multi-purpose armatures that were hafted onto wooden spear shafts. The standardized design and refined style of segments convey information about the behavior of their makers and provide insight about group identity. Increasing use of ochre, the presence of engraved ostrich eggshells, and a bone tool industry are associated with these stone artifacts. Also evident is an intensified use of space. Taken together, these behaviors suggest that the Howieson’s Poort represents a clear marker of modern human culture."<ref name=ROCEEH>{{ cite book |author=ROCEEH |title=File:Motm 2010 07 Howiesons Poort.pdf |publisher=Wikimedia |location= |date=1 July 2010 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Motm_2010_07_Howiesons_Poort.pdf |accessdate=11 July 2018 }}</ref> "Using stone tool residue analysis with supporting information from zooarchaeology, we provide evidence that at the Abri du Maras, Ardèche, France, Neanderthals [a skull is imaged on the left from Abri du Maras] were behaviorally flexible at the beginning of MIS 4. Here, Neanderthals exploited a wide range of resources including large mammals, fish, ducks, raptors, rabbits, mushrooms, plants, and wood. Twisted fibers on stone tools provide evidence of making string or cordage."<ref name=Hardy>{{ cite journal |author=Bruce L. Hardy |author2=Marie-Hélène Moncel |author3=Camille Daujeard |author4=Paul Fernandes |author5=Philippe Béarez |author6=Emmanuel Desclaux |author7=Maria Gem |author8=Chacon Navarro |author9=Simon Puaud |author10=Rosalia Gallotti |title=Impossible Neanderthals? Making string, throwing projectiles and catching small game during Marine Isotope Stage 4 (Abri du Maras, France) |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |date=15 December 2013 |volume=82 |issue=12 |pages=23-40 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379113003788 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.028 |pmid= |accessdate=12 July 2018 }}</ref> {{clear}} ==Hypotheses== {{main|Hypotheses}} # Archaeology of Sclandinavia will eventually show it to have been occupied 40,000 b2k. ==See also== {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * [[Abstract concept generator]] * [[Anthropology/Lecture|Anthropology]] * [[Archeology]] (Portal:Archaeology) * [[Classical planets]] * [[Dominant group/Archaeology]] * [[Dominant group/Culture]] * [[Dominant group/Metagenome]] * [[Genetics/Human DNA]] * [[Genetics/Human teeth]] * [[Genetics/Mammalogy]] * [[Geochronology/Archaeology]] * [[Geochronology/Cenozoic]] * [[Geochronology/Classics]] * [[Geochronology/Dates]] * [[Geochronology/Dendrochronology]] * [[Geochronology/Dye 3]] * [[Geochronology/Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale]] * [[Geochronology/History]] * [[Geochronology/Ice cores]] * [[Geochronology/Ice cores/Black ice]] * [[Geochronology/Ice cores/Brittle ice]] * [[Geochronology/Ice cores/Clear ice]] * [[Geochronology/Ice cores/Firns]] * [[Geochronology/Ice cores/Sea ice]] * [[Geochronology/Libyan history]] * [[Geochronology/Medieval Warm Period]] * [[Geochronology/Mesozoic]] * [[Geochronology/Middle Ages]] * [[Geochronology/Neoglaciations]] * [[Geochronology/Optically stimulated luminescence]] * [[Geochronology/Paleontology]] * [[Geochronology/Paleozoic]] * [[Geochronology/Palynology]] * [[Geochronology/Radiocarbon dating]] * [[Geochronology/Stratigraphy]] * [[Geochronology/Tephra layers]] * [[Geochronology/Uranium-thorium dating]] * [[Hominins]] * [[Paleanthropology]] * [[Philosophy/Sciences|Sciences]] * [[Radiation astronomy/History]] {{Div col end}} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== <!-- footer templates --> {{tlx|Anthropology resources}}{{Archaeology resources}}{{tlx|Geology resources}}{{tlx|Humanities resources}}{{Sisterlinks|Archaeology}}{{Sisterlinks|Archeology}} <!-- categories --> [[Category:Anthropology/Lectures]] [[Category:Archaeology/Lectures]] [[Category:Arts/Lectures]] [[Category:Cultures/Lectures]] [[Category:Dominant group/Lectures]] [[Category:Earth sciences/Lectures]] [[Category:History/Lectures]] [[Category:Humanities/Lectures]] [[Category:Literature/Lectures]] fecs5k0l5q8pti0zz7ui8fim8gpab5k 0 285380 2688881 2688564 2024-11-26T07:29:37Z Young1lim 21186 /* Applications */ 2688881 wikitext text/x-wiki === Introduction === * Overview ([[Media:C01.Intro1.Overview.1.A.20170925.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro1.Overview.1.B.20170901.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro1.Overview.1.C.20170904.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Number System ([[Media:C01.Intro2.Number.1.A.20171023.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro2.Number.1.B.20170909.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro2.Number.1.C.20170914.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Memory System ([[Media:C01.Intro2.Memory.1.A.20170907.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro3.Memory.1.B.20170909.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro3.Memory.1.C.20170914.pdf |C.pdf]]) === Handling Repetition === * Control ([[Media:C02.Repeat1.Control.1.A.20170925.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C02.Repeat1.Control.1.B.20170918.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C02.Repeat1.Control.1.C.20170926.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Loop ([[Media:C02.Repeat2.Loop.1.A.20170925.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C02.Repeat2.Loop.1.B.20170918.pdf |B.pdf]]) === Handling a Big Work === * Function Overview ([[Media:C03.Func1.Overview.1.A.20171030.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func1.Oerview.1.B.20161022.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Functions & Variables ([[Media:C03.Func2.Variable.1.A.20161222.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func2.Variable.1.B.20161222.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Functions & Pointers ([[Media:C03.Func3.Pointer.1.A.20161122.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func3.Pointer.1.B.20161122.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Functions & Recursions ([[Media:C03.Func4.Recursion.1.A.20161214.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func4.Recursion.1.B.20161214.pdf |B.pdf]]) === Handling Series of Data === ==== Background ==== * Background ([[Media:C04.Series0.Background.1.A.20180727.pdf |A.pdf]]) ==== Basics ==== * Pointers ([[Media:C04.S1.Pointer.1A.20240524.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series2.Pointer.1.B.20161115.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Arrays ([[Media:C04.S2.Array.1A.20240514.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series1.Array.1.B.20161115.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Array Pointers ([[Media:C04.S3.ArrayPointer.1A.20240208.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series3.ArrayPointer.1.B.20181203.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Multi-dimensional Arrays ([[Media:C04.Series4.MultiDim.1.A.20221130.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series4.MultiDim.1.B.1111.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Array Access Methods ([[Media:C04.Series4.ArrayAccess.1.A.20190511.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series3.ArrayPointer.1.B.20181203.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Structures ([[Media:C04.Series3.Structure.1.A.20171204.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series2.Structure.1.B.20161130.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Examples ==== * Spreadsheet Example Programs :: Example 1 ([[Media:C04.Series7.Example.1.A.20171213.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series7.Example.1.C.20171213.pdf |C.pdf]]) :: Example 2 ([[Media:C04.Series7.Example.2.A.20171213.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series7.Example.2.C.20171213.pdf |C.pdf]]) :: Example 3 ([[Media:C04.Series7.Example.3.A.20171213.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series7.Example.3.C.20171213.pdf |C.pdf]]) :: Bubble Sort ([[Media:C04.Series7.BubbleSort.1.A.20171211.pdf |A.pdf]]) ==== Applications ==== * Address-of and de-reference operators ([[Media:C04.SA0.PtrOperator.1A.20241125.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Pointers ([[Media:C04.SA1.AppPointer.1A.20241121.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Arrays ([[Media:C04.SA2.AppArray.1A.20240715.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Array Pointers ([[Media:C04.SA3.AppArrayPointer.1A.20240210.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Multi-dimensional Arrays ([[Media:C04.Series4App.MultiDim.1.A.20210719.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Array Access Methods ([[Media:C04.Series9.AppArrAcess.1.A.20190511.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Structures ([[Media:C04.Series6.AppStruct.1.A.20190423.pdf |A.pdf]]) === Handling Various Kinds of Data === * Types ([[Media:C05.Data1.Type.1.A.20180217.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data1.Type.1.B.20161212.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Typecasts ([[Media:C05.Data2.TypeCast.1.A.20180217.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data2.TypeCast.1.B.20161216.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Operators ([[Media:C05.Data3.Operators.1.A.20161219.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data3.Operators.1.B.20161216.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Files ([[Media:C05.Data4.File.1.A.20161124.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data4.File.1.B.20161212.pdf |B.pdf]]) === Handling Low Level Operations === * Bitwise Operations ([[Media:BitOp.1.B.20161214.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:BitOp.1.B.20161203.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Bit Field ([[Media:BitField.1.A.20161214.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:BitField.1.B.20161202.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Union ([[Media:Union.1.A.20161221.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Union.1.B.20161111.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Accessing IO Registers ([[Media:IO.1.A.20141215.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:IO.1.B.20161217.pdf |B.pdf]]) === Declarations === * Type Specifiers and Qualifiers ([[Media:C07.Spec1.Type.1.A.20171004.pdf |pdf]]) * Storage Class Specifiers ([[Media:C07.Spec2.Storage.1.A.20171009.pdf |pdf]]) * Scope === Class Notes === * TOC ([[Media:TOC.20171007.pdf |TOC.pdf]]) * Day01 ([[Media:Day01.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day01.B.20171209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day01.C.20171211.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Introduction (1) Standard Library * Day02 ([[Media:Day02.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day02.B.20171209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day02.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Introduction (2) Basic Elements * Day03 ([[Media:Day03.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day03.B.20170908.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day03.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Introduction (3) Numbers * Day04 ([[Media:Day04.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day04.B.20170915.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day04.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structured Programming (1) Flowcharts * Day05 ([[Media:Day05.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day05.B.20170915.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day05.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structured Programming (2) Conditions and Loops * Day06 ([[Media:Day06.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day06.B.20170923.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day06.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Program Control * Day07 ([[Media:Day07.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day07.B.20170926.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day07.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Function (1) Definitions * Day08 ([[Media:Day08.A.20171028.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day08.B.20171016.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day08.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Function (2) Storage Class and Scope * Day09 ([[Media:Day09.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day09.B.20171017.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day09.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Function (3) Recursion * Day10 ([[Media:Day10.A.20171209.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day10.B.20171017.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day10.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Arrays (1) Definitions * Day11 ([[Media:Day11.A.20171024.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day11.B.20171017.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day11.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Arrays (2) Applications * Day12 ([[Media:Day12.A.20171024.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day12.B.20171020.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day12.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Pointers (1) Definitions * Day13 ([[Media:Day13.A.20171025.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day13.B.20171024.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day13.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Pointers (2) Applications * Day14 ([[Media:Day14.A.20171226.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day14.B.20171101.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day14.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... C String (1) * Day15 ([[Media:Day15.A.20171209.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day15.B.20171124.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day15.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... C String (2) * Day16 ([[Media:Day16.A.20171208.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day16.B.20171114.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day16.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... C Formatted IO * Day17 ([[Media:Day17.A.20171031.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day17.B.20171111.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day17.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structure (1) Definitions * Day18 ([[Media:Day18.A.20171206.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day18.B.20171128.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day18.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structure (2) Applications * Day19 ([[Media:Day19.A.20171205.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day19.B.20171121.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day19.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Union, Bitwise Operators, Enum * Day20 ([[Media:Day20.A.20171205.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day20.B.20171201.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day20.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Linked List * Day21 ([[Media:Day21.A.20171206.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day21.B.20171208.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day21.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... File Processing * Day22 ([[Media:Day22.A.20171212.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day22.B.20171213.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day22.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Preprocessing <!----------------------------------------------------------------------> </br> See also https://cprogramex.wordpress.com/ == '''Old Materials '''== until 201201 * Intro.Overview.1.A ([[Media:C.Intro.Overview.1.A.20120107.pdf |pdf]]) * Intro.Memory.1.A ([[Media:C.Intro.Memory.1.A.20120107.pdf |pdf]]) * Intro.Number.1.A ([[Media:C.Intro.Number.1.A.20120107.pdf |pdf]]) * Repeat.Control.1.A ([[Media:C.Repeat.Control.1.A.20120109.pdf |pdf]]) * Repeat.Loop.1.A ([[Media:C.Repeat.Loop.1.A.20120113.pdf |pdf]]) * Work.Function.1.A ([[Media:C.Work.Function.1.A.20120117.pdf |pdf]]) * Work.Scope.1.A ([[Media:C.Work.Scope.1.A.20120117.pdf |pdf]]) * Series.Array.1.A ([[Media:Series.Array.1.A.20110718.pdf |pdf]]) * Series.Pointer.1.A ([[Media:Series.Pointer.1.A.20110719.pdf |pdf]]) * Series.Structure.1.A ([[Media:Series.Structure.1.A.20110805.pdf |pdf]]) * Data.Type.1.A ([[Media:C05.Data2.TypeCast.1.A.20130813.pdf |pdf]]) * Data.TypeCast.1.A ([[Media:Data.TypeCast.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Data.Operators.1.A ([[Media:Data.Operators.1.A.20110712.pdf |pdf]]) <br> until 201107 * Intro.1.A ([[Media:Intro.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Control.1.A ([[Media:Control.1.A.20110706.pdf |pdf]]) * Iteration.1.A ([[Media:Iteration.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Function.1.A ([[Media:Function.1.A.20110705.pdf |pdf]]) * Variable.1.A ([[Media:Variable.1.A.20110708.pdf |pdf]]) * Operators.1.A ([[Media:Operators.1.A.20110712.pdf |pdf]]) * Pointer.1.A ([[Media:Pointer.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Pointer.2.A ([[Media:Pointer.2.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Array.1.A ([[Media:Array.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Type.1.A ([[Media:Type.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Structure.1.A ([[Media:Structure.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) go to [ [[C programming in plain view]] ] [[Category:C programming language]] </br> 3egadw3gjb7i03w5axis4zbf6ue5cgs 2688893 2688881 2024-11-26T08:04:12Z Young1lim 21186 /* Applications */ 2688893 wikitext text/x-wiki === Introduction === * Overview ([[Media:C01.Intro1.Overview.1.A.20170925.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro1.Overview.1.B.20170901.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro1.Overview.1.C.20170904.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Number System ([[Media:C01.Intro2.Number.1.A.20171023.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro2.Number.1.B.20170909.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro2.Number.1.C.20170914.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Memory System ([[Media:C01.Intro2.Memory.1.A.20170907.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro3.Memory.1.B.20170909.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro3.Memory.1.C.20170914.pdf |C.pdf]]) === Handling Repetition === * Control ([[Media:C02.Repeat1.Control.1.A.20170925.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C02.Repeat1.Control.1.B.20170918.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C02.Repeat1.Control.1.C.20170926.pdf |C.pdf]]) * Loop ([[Media:C02.Repeat2.Loop.1.A.20170925.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C02.Repeat2.Loop.1.B.20170918.pdf |B.pdf]]) === Handling a Big Work === * Function Overview ([[Media:C03.Func1.Overview.1.A.20171030.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func1.Oerview.1.B.20161022.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Functions & Variables ([[Media:C03.Func2.Variable.1.A.20161222.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func2.Variable.1.B.20161222.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Functions & Pointers ([[Media:C03.Func3.Pointer.1.A.20161122.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func3.Pointer.1.B.20161122.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Functions & Recursions ([[Media:C03.Func4.Recursion.1.A.20161214.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func4.Recursion.1.B.20161214.pdf |B.pdf]]) === Handling Series of Data === ==== Background ==== * Background ([[Media:C04.Series0.Background.1.A.20180727.pdf |A.pdf]]) ==== Basics ==== * Pointers ([[Media:C04.S1.Pointer.1A.20240524.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series2.Pointer.1.B.20161115.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Arrays ([[Media:C04.S2.Array.1A.20240514.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series1.Array.1.B.20161115.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Array Pointers ([[Media:C04.S3.ArrayPointer.1A.20240208.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series3.ArrayPointer.1.B.20181203.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Multi-dimensional Arrays ([[Media:C04.Series4.MultiDim.1.A.20221130.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series4.MultiDim.1.B.1111.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Array Access Methods ([[Media:C04.Series4.ArrayAccess.1.A.20190511.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series3.ArrayPointer.1.B.20181203.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Structures ([[Media:C04.Series3.Structure.1.A.20171204.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series2.Structure.1.B.20161130.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Examples ==== * Spreadsheet Example Programs :: Example 1 ([[Media:C04.Series7.Example.1.A.20171213.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series7.Example.1.C.20171213.pdf |C.pdf]]) :: Example 2 ([[Media:C04.Series7.Example.2.A.20171213.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series7.Example.2.C.20171213.pdf |C.pdf]]) :: Example 3 ([[Media:C04.Series7.Example.3.A.20171213.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series7.Example.3.C.20171213.pdf |C.pdf]]) :: Bubble Sort ([[Media:C04.Series7.BubbleSort.1.A.20171211.pdf |A.pdf]]) ==== Applications ==== * Address-of and de-reference operators ([[Media:C04.SA0.PtrOperator.1A.20241126.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Pointers ([[Media:C04.SA1.AppPointer.1A.20241121.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Arrays ([[Media:C04.SA2.AppArray.1A.20240715.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Array Pointers ([[Media:C04.SA3.AppArrayPointer.1A.20240210.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Multi-dimensional Arrays ([[Media:C04.Series4App.MultiDim.1.A.20210719.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Array Access Methods ([[Media:C04.Series9.AppArrAcess.1.A.20190511.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Applications of Structures ([[Media:C04.Series6.AppStruct.1.A.20190423.pdf |A.pdf]]) === Handling Various Kinds of Data === * Types ([[Media:C05.Data1.Type.1.A.20180217.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data1.Type.1.B.20161212.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Typecasts ([[Media:C05.Data2.TypeCast.1.A.20180217.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data2.TypeCast.1.B.20161216.pdf |A.pdf]]) * Operators ([[Media:C05.Data3.Operators.1.A.20161219.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data3.Operators.1.B.20161216.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Files ([[Media:C05.Data4.File.1.A.20161124.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data4.File.1.B.20161212.pdf |B.pdf]]) === Handling Low Level Operations === * Bitwise Operations ([[Media:BitOp.1.B.20161214.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:BitOp.1.B.20161203.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Bit Field ([[Media:BitField.1.A.20161214.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:BitField.1.B.20161202.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Union ([[Media:Union.1.A.20161221.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Union.1.B.20161111.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Accessing IO Registers ([[Media:IO.1.A.20141215.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:IO.1.B.20161217.pdf |B.pdf]]) === Declarations === * Type Specifiers and Qualifiers ([[Media:C07.Spec1.Type.1.A.20171004.pdf |pdf]]) * Storage Class Specifiers ([[Media:C07.Spec2.Storage.1.A.20171009.pdf |pdf]]) * Scope === Class Notes === * TOC ([[Media:TOC.20171007.pdf |TOC.pdf]]) * Day01 ([[Media:Day01.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day01.B.20171209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day01.C.20171211.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Introduction (1) Standard Library * Day02 ([[Media:Day02.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day02.B.20171209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day02.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Introduction (2) Basic Elements * Day03 ([[Media:Day03.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day03.B.20170908.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day03.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Introduction (3) Numbers * Day04 ([[Media:Day04.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day04.B.20170915.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day04.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structured Programming (1) Flowcharts * Day05 ([[Media:Day05.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day05.B.20170915.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day05.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structured Programming (2) Conditions and Loops * Day06 ([[Media:Day06.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day06.B.20170923.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day06.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Program Control * Day07 ([[Media:Day07.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day07.B.20170926.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day07.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Function (1) Definitions * Day08 ([[Media:Day08.A.20171028.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day08.B.20171016.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day08.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Function (2) Storage Class and Scope * Day09 ([[Media:Day09.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day09.B.20171017.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day09.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Function (3) Recursion * Day10 ([[Media:Day10.A.20171209.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day10.B.20171017.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day10.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Arrays (1) Definitions * Day11 ([[Media:Day11.A.20171024.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day11.B.20171017.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day11.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Arrays (2) Applications * Day12 ([[Media:Day12.A.20171024.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day12.B.20171020.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day12.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Pointers (1) Definitions * Day13 ([[Media:Day13.A.20171025.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day13.B.20171024.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day13.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Pointers (2) Applications * Day14 ([[Media:Day14.A.20171226.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day14.B.20171101.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day14.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... C String (1) * Day15 ([[Media:Day15.A.20171209.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day15.B.20171124.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day15.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... C String (2) * Day16 ([[Media:Day16.A.20171208.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day16.B.20171114.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day16.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... C Formatted IO * Day17 ([[Media:Day17.A.20171031.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day17.B.20171111.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day17.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structure (1) Definitions * Day18 ([[Media:Day18.A.20171206.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day18.B.20171128.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day18.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structure (2) Applications * Day19 ([[Media:Day19.A.20171205.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day19.B.20171121.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day19.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Union, Bitwise Operators, Enum * Day20 ([[Media:Day20.A.20171205.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day20.B.20171201.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day20.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Linked List * Day21 ([[Media:Day21.A.20171206.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day21.B.20171208.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day21.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... File Processing * Day22 ([[Media:Day22.A.20171212.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day22.B.20171213.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day22.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Preprocessing <!----------------------------------------------------------------------> </br> See also https://cprogramex.wordpress.com/ == '''Old Materials '''== until 201201 * Intro.Overview.1.A ([[Media:C.Intro.Overview.1.A.20120107.pdf |pdf]]) * Intro.Memory.1.A ([[Media:C.Intro.Memory.1.A.20120107.pdf |pdf]]) * Intro.Number.1.A ([[Media:C.Intro.Number.1.A.20120107.pdf |pdf]]) * Repeat.Control.1.A ([[Media:C.Repeat.Control.1.A.20120109.pdf |pdf]]) * Repeat.Loop.1.A ([[Media:C.Repeat.Loop.1.A.20120113.pdf |pdf]]) * Work.Function.1.A ([[Media:C.Work.Function.1.A.20120117.pdf |pdf]]) * Work.Scope.1.A ([[Media:C.Work.Scope.1.A.20120117.pdf |pdf]]) * Series.Array.1.A ([[Media:Series.Array.1.A.20110718.pdf |pdf]]) * Series.Pointer.1.A ([[Media:Series.Pointer.1.A.20110719.pdf |pdf]]) * Series.Structure.1.A ([[Media:Series.Structure.1.A.20110805.pdf |pdf]]) * Data.Type.1.A ([[Media:C05.Data2.TypeCast.1.A.20130813.pdf |pdf]]) * Data.TypeCast.1.A ([[Media:Data.TypeCast.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Data.Operators.1.A ([[Media:Data.Operators.1.A.20110712.pdf |pdf]]) <br> until 201107 * Intro.1.A ([[Media:Intro.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Control.1.A ([[Media:Control.1.A.20110706.pdf |pdf]]) * Iteration.1.A ([[Media:Iteration.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Function.1.A ([[Media:Function.1.A.20110705.pdf |pdf]]) * Variable.1.A ([[Media:Variable.1.A.20110708.pdf |pdf]]) * Operators.1.A ([[Media:Operators.1.A.20110712.pdf |pdf]]) * Pointer.1.A ([[Media:Pointer.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Pointer.2.A ([[Media:Pointer.2.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Array.1.A ([[Media:Array.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Type.1.A ([[Media:Type.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) * Structure.1.A ([[Media:Structure.1.A.pdf |pdf]]) go to [ [[C programming in plain view]] ] [[Category:C programming language]] </br> bjdk5z6ovw3gljrl1esaqocuowl48hm 0 285384 2688827 2688749 2024-11-25T22:06:27Z Young1lim 21186 /* Linking Libraries */ 2688827 wikitext text/x-wiki === Workings of the GNU Compiler for IA-32 === ==== Overview ==== * Overview ([[Media:Overview.20200211.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Data Processing ==== * Access ([[Media:Access.20200409.pdf |pdf]]) * Operators ([[Media:Operator.20200427.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Control ==== * Conditions ([[Media:Condition.20230630.pdf |pdf]]) * Control ([[Media:Control.20220616.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Function calls ==== * Procedure ([[Media:Procedure.20220412.pdf |pdf]]) * Recursion ([[Media:Recursion.20210824-2.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Pointer and Aggregate Types ==== * Arrays ([[Media:Array.20211018.pdf |pdf]]) * Structures ([[Media:Structure.20220101.pdf |pdf]]) * Alignment ([[Media:Alignment.20201117.pdf |pdf]]) * Pointers ([[Media:Pointer.20201106.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Integer Arithmetic ==== * Overview ([[Media:gcc.1.Overview.20240813.pdf |pdf]]) * Carry Flag ([[Media:gcc.2.Carry.20241125.pdf |pdf]]) * Overflow Flag ([[Media:gcc.3.Overflow.20240724.pdf |pdf]]) * Examples ([[Media:gcc.4.Examples.20240724.pdf |pdf]]) * Borrow ([[Media:Borrow.20230701.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Floating point Arithmetic ==== </br> === Workings of the GNU Linker for IA-32 === ==== Linking Libraries ==== * Static Linking ([[Media:LNK.1A.StaticLinking.20241126.pdf |pdf]]) * Shared Libraries ([[Media:LNK.2A.SharedLibrary.20241123.pdf |pdf]]) * Dynamic Linking ([[Media:LNK.3A.DynamicLinking.20241123.pdf |pdf]]) ==== Library Search Path ==== * Using -L and -l only ([[Media:Link.4A.LibSearch-withLl.20240807.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4B.LibSearch-withLl.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Using RPATH ([[Media:Link.5A.LibSearch-RPATH.20241101.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5B.LibSearch-RPATH.20240705.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Linking Process ==== * Object Files ([[Media:Link.3.A.Object.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.3.B.Object.20190405.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Symbols ([[Media:Link.4.A.Symbol.20190312.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.4.B.Symbol.20190312.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Relocation ([[Media:Link.5.A.Relocation.20190320.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.5.B.Relocation.20190322.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Loading ([[Media:Link.6.A.Loading.20190501.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.6.B.Loading.20190126.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Static Linking ([[Media:Link.7.A.StaticLink.20190122.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.7.B.StaticLink.20190128.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Dynamic Linking ([[Media:Link.8.A.DynamicLink.20190207.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.8.B.DynamicLink.20190209.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Position Independent Code ([[Media:Link.9.A.PIC.20190304.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Link.9.B.PIC.20190309.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Example I ==== * Vector addition ([[Media:Eg1.1A.Vector.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.1B.Vector.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Swapping array elements ([[Media:Eg1.2A.Swap.20190302.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.2B.Swap.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * Nested functions ([[Media:Eg1.3A.Nest.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Eg1.3B.Nest.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) ==== Examples II ==== * analysis of static linking ([[Media:Ex1.A.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Ex2.B.StaticLinkEx.20190121.pdf |B.pdf]]) * analysis of dynamic linking ([[Media:Ex2.A.DynamicLinkEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]]) * analysis of PIC ([[Media:Ex3.A.PICEx.20190121.pdf |A.pdf]]) </br> go to [ [[C programming in plain view]] ] [[Category:C programming language]] e6jdxdf09logjt6rxzjgsa2gfc9btrd 2 285831 2688784 2477717 2024-11-25T12:42:06Z Alandmanson 1669821 2688784 wikitext text/x-wiki == Superfamily Apoidea == ===big>African Bembicidae=== Subfamily Bembicinae Tribe Gorytini Afrogorytes Gorytes Harpactus Hoplisoides Lestiphorus Tribe Spheciini Ammatomus Kohlia Sphecius Tribe Handlirschiini Handlirschia Tribe Bembicini Bembix Tribe Stizini Bembecinus Stizoides Stizus Subfamily Nyssoninae Brachystegus Hovanysson Nysson Subfamily Alyssontinae Alysson Didineis '''<big>African Chalcidoidea</big>''' Chalcidoidea is an incredibly diverse group of wasps with a wide variety of life histories; many are parasitoids, making them ecologically important; some are used for biological control of insect pests. About 22 000 species have been described, but as many as 500 000 are thought to exist worldwide.<ref name=Noyes2019/> Most chalcidoids are small (body length less than 5 mm), the smallest being males of the mymarid ''Dicopomorpha echmepterygis'', which is the smallest known flying insect (0.13 mm).<ref name=Noyes2019>Noyes, J.S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids]</ref> However, some species may be as long as 20 mm (excluding antennae and ovipositor), such as the pelecinellid ''Doddifoenus wallacei''.<ref name=Krogmann&Burks2009>Krogmann, Lars; Burks, Roger A. (2009-12-31). "Doddifoenus wallacei, a new giant parasitoid wasp of the subfamily Leptofoeninae (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), with a description of its mesosomal skeletal anatomy and a molecular characterization". Zootaxa. 2194: 21–36. doi:10.5281/zenodo.189452 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lars-Krogmann/publication/250916337 PDF]</ref> Many have bright metallic colours, hence the name Chalcidoidea or chalcid - the greek word χαλκός (chalcos) means copper or bronze.<ref name=Perseus2023>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0073:entry=xalko/s Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary]</ref> Many new chalcidoid families were proposed in 2022.<ref name=Burks2022>Burks, R., Mitroiu, M.D., Fusu, L., Heraty, J.M., Janšta, P., Heydon, S., Papilloud, N.D.S., Peters, R.S., Tselikh, E.V., Woolley, J.B. and van Noort, S., (2022). From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 94, pp.13-88. [https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 DOI]</ref> This was largely based on phylogenetic evidence (both molecular and morphological) accumulated since the families of the Superfamily were outlined in 1993<ref name=Gibson1993>Gibson, G.A.P. (1993) Superfamilies Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea (pp. 570-655). In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143 PDF]</ref>. Burks, R., Mitroiu, M.D., Fusu, L., Heraty, J.M., Janšta, P., Heydon, S., Papilloud, N.D.S., Peters, R.S., Tselikh, E.V., Woolley, J.B. and van Noort, S., (2022). From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 94, pp.13-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 Cruaud, A., Rasplus, J.Y., Zhang, J., Burks, R., Delvare, G., Fusu, L., Gumovsky, A., Huber, J.T., Janšta, P., Mitroiu, M.D. and Noyes, J.S., 2022. The Chalcidoidea bush of life–a massive radiation blurred by mutational saturation. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.11.507458 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507458.full.pdf <big>'''Ichneumonoidea'''</big> Quicke, D.L., 2015. The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps: biology, systematics, evolution and ecology. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281662102_The_Braconid_and_Ichneumonid_Parasitoid_Wasps_Biology_Systematics_Evolution_and_Ecology == Spider-hunting wasps == Two wasps from the genus ''Auplopus'' from Europe. Most of the ''Auplopus'' species, along with others from the Tribe Ageniellini, amputate the legs of the spiders they capture; this makes it much easier to move the spider to the nest. <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Grijze spinnendoder IMG 1624.jpg Auplopus carbonarius fg01 20060623 Nied Garten.jpg </gallery> African genera of Ageniellini: * ''[[Auplopus]]'' <small>Spinola, 1841</small> * ''[[Cyemagenia]]'' <small>Arnold, 1946</small> * ''[[Dichragenia]]'' <small>Haupt, 1950</small> * ''[[Phanagenia]]'' <small>Banks, 1933</small> Madagascar * ''[[Poecilagenia]]'' <small>Haupt, 1926</small> '''<big>Hymenoptera</big>''' About 20 000 described species of [[w:Hymenoptera|Hymenoptera]] (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) are known from the [[w:Afrotropical|Afrotropical]] region. Estimates of the actual species count for the region range from 100 000 species to as high as 500 000 species.<ref name=WaspWebOverview>[https://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Afrotropical Hymenoptera Initiative. www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> Nineteen different superfamilies are illustrated on [[User:Alandmanson/Hymenoptera of southern Africa|this gallery]] in Wikimedia Commons. The huge number of undescribed species means that many species will be extinct before we are even aware of them, as there are too few taxonomists employed to tackle the task of describing all of them in the next few decades. ==Classification== The Order can be split into two Suborders - The [[w:Symphyta|Symphyta]] (Woodwasps, Horntails, Sawflies) and the [[w:Apocrita|Apocrita]] (Narrow-waisted wasps, ants and bees).<br> When compared to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, the diversity of Symphyta in Africa is relatively poor, although sawflies of the Superfamily [[w:Tenthredinoidea|Tenthredinoidea]] are fairly common in forests and other woody vegetation types. Africa has a rich diversity of Apocrita. The cladogram shown below<ref name=Peters>{{Cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=Ralph S. |last2=Krogmann |first2=Lars |last3=Mayer |first3=Christoph |last4=Donath |first4=Alexander |last5=Gunkel |first5=Simon |last6=Meusemann |first6=Karen |last7=Kozlov |first7=Alexey |last8=Podsiadlowski |first8=Lars |last9=Petersen |first9=Malte |title=Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=1013–1018 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027|pmid=28343967 |year=2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref> indicates the possible relationships between 11 of the superfamilies that comprise Apocrita; These 11 superfamilies are all represented in Africa. This breakdown is used by iNaturalist.<ref name=inat-Aculeata>https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/326777-Aculeata</ref> It is, however, not accepted by all hymenopterists, and may change as more phylogenetic evidence is accumulated.<ref name=waspwebClass>[https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Classification of Afrotropical Hymenoptera (Wasps, Bees, Ants). www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> {{Clade|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85% |label1=Apocrita |1={{Clade |label1=[[w:Parasitoida|Parasitoida]] |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Ceraphronoidea|Ceraphronoidea]] |2=[[w:Ichneumonoidea|Ichneumonoidea]] }} |label2=[[w:Proctotrupomorpha|Proctotrupomorpha]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Cynipoidea|Cynipoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Platygastroidea|Platygastroidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chalcidoidea|Chalcidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Diaprioidea|Diaprioidea]] |2=[[w:Proctotrupoidea|Proctotrupoidea]] }} }} }} }} }} |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Evanioidea|Evanioidea]] |2=[[w:Stephanoidea|Stephanoidea]] }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Trigonaloidea|Trigonaloidea]] |label2=[[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chrysidoidea|Chrysidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Vespoidea|Vespoidea]] (potter, honey and social wasps) |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Pompiloidea|Pompiloidea]] (velvet ants, spider wasps and relatives) |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Thynnoidea|Thynnoidea]] |2=[[w:Tiphioidea|Tiphioidea]] }} }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Scolioidea|Scolioidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Formicoidea|Formicoidea]] (ants) |2=[[w:Apoidea|Apoidea]] (bees and related wasps) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} <br> ==Some common African Symphyta== <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Sawfly, Argidae 2021 12 19 12 39 42.jpg|Sawfly, ''Arge'' sp. (Argidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 11 21 0815.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 08 23 8964.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Sirex noctilio F (prof.).JPG|''Sirex noctilio'', a pest in ''Pinus'' plantations (introduced to Africa)<ref name=WaspWebSn>[https://www.waspweb.org/Siricoidea/Siricidae/Sirex/Sirex_noctilio.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: ''Sirex noctilio''. www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> </gallery> == Frequently reported African Apocrita == <br> [[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] (ants, bees and stinging wasps) are the most commonly observed Hymenoptera in Africa. There are many more photographs of African Aculeata on the web - See [https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm African Aculeata on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=326777 African Aculeata on iNaturalist] <br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Slender Ant (Tetraponera natalensis) (30538051244).jpg|Slender ant (Formicidae, Formicoidea) Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa inconstans, female) (6021534858).jpg|Female carpenter bee (Apidae, Apoidea) Chalybion 2019 12 02 2314.jpg|Blue mud-dauber wasp (Sphecidae, Apoidea) Bethylidae 2019 08 21 13 42 21 8760.jpg|Flat wasp (Bethylidae, Chrysidoidea) Belonogaster juncea colonialis, manlik, h, Pretoria.jpg|Paper wasp (Vespidae, Vespoidea) Meria 2020 08 12 2193.jpg|''Meria'' sp. female (Thynnidae, Thynnoidea) Dasylabris stimulatrix iNat37068107 2019 12 23 2990 W.jpg|''Dasylabris stimulatrix'', a velvet ant (Mutillidae, Pompiloidea) Pompilidae 2019 05 28 0247.jpg|Spider-hunting wasp (Pompilidae, Pompiloidea) Scoliid Wasp 2019 06 08 0492.jpg|Campsomerine wasp (Scoliidae, Scolioidea) </gallery><br> Darwin wasps ([[w:Ichneumonidae|Ichneumonidae]]) and braconids ([[w:Braconidae|Braconidae]]) are also frequently reported. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Ichneumonoidea/index.htm African Ichneumonoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=47200 African Ichneumonoidea on iNaturalist].<br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Echthromorpha agrestoria 2019 10 03 5572.jpg|''Echthromorpha agrestoria'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Ichneumonidae inat 88832241.jpg|''Goryphus tricolor'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Braconid Wasp (Archibracon servillei) (11857083186).jpg|Braconine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) 2019 09 15 12 55 07 Microgastrinae 38425632.jpg|Microgastrine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) </gallery><br> Small [[w:Chalcidoidea|chalcidoid]] parasitic wasps (especially those from the families [[w:Pteromalidae|Pteromalidae]], [[w:Chalcididae|Chalcididae]], [[w:Eulophidae|Eulophidae]], [[w:Eurytomidae|Eurytomidae]]) are also common. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/index.htm African Chalcidoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=69750 African Chalcidoidea on iNaturalist] <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Halticoptera 2019 11 26 2173Cedara.jpg|''Halticoptera'' sp. (Pteromalidae, Chalcidoidea) Brachymeria 2019 10 09 17 26 38 2520.jpg|''Brachymeria'' sp. (Chalcididae, Chalcidoidea) Eulophidae Inat 38422095 b.jpg|''Hemiptarsenus'' sp. (Eulophidae, Chalcidoidea) Eurytomidae00.jpg|Mating seed chalcids (Eurytomidae, Chalcidoidea) </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} 7os0tqrmind2nu0u5v5bqzsua4szkjz 2688785 2688784 2024-11-25T12:45:20Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* big>African Bembicidae */ 2688785 wikitext text/x-wiki == Superfamily Apoidea == === African Bembicidae === ====Subfamily Bembicinae==== Tribe Gorytini * ''Afrogorytes'' * ''Gorytes'' * ''Harpactus'' * ''Hoplisoides'' * ''Lestiphorus'' Tribe Spheciini * ''Ammatomus'' * ''Kohlia'' * ''Sphecius'' Tribe Handlirschiini * ''Handlirschia Tribe Bembicini * ''Bembix Tribe Stizini * ''Bembecinus * ''Stizoides * ''Stizus ====Subfamily Nyssoninae==== * ''Brachystegus * ''Hovanysson * ''Nysson ====Subfamily Alyssontinae==== * ''Alysson * ''Didineis '''<big>African Chalcidoidea</big>''' Chalcidoidea is an incredibly diverse group of wasps with a wide variety of life histories; many are parasitoids, making them ecologically important; some are used for biological control of insect pests. About 22 000 species have been described, but as many as 500 000 are thought to exist worldwide.<ref name=Noyes2019/> Most chalcidoids are small (body length less than 5 mm), the smallest being males of the mymarid ''Dicopomorpha echmepterygis'', which is the smallest known flying insect (0.13 mm).<ref name=Noyes2019>Noyes, J.S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids]</ref> However, some species may be as long as 20 mm (excluding antennae and ovipositor), such as the pelecinellid ''Doddifoenus wallacei''.<ref name=Krogmann&Burks2009>Krogmann, Lars; Burks, Roger A. (2009-12-31). "Doddifoenus wallacei, a new giant parasitoid wasp of the subfamily Leptofoeninae (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), with a description of its mesosomal skeletal anatomy and a molecular characterization". Zootaxa. 2194: 21–36. doi:10.5281/zenodo.189452 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lars-Krogmann/publication/250916337 PDF]</ref> Many have bright metallic colours, hence the name Chalcidoidea or chalcid - the greek word χαλκός (chalcos) means copper or bronze.<ref name=Perseus2023>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0073:entry=xalko/s Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary]</ref> Many new chalcidoid families were proposed in 2022.<ref name=Burks2022>Burks, R., Mitroiu, M.D., Fusu, L., Heraty, J.M., Janšta, P., Heydon, S., Papilloud, N.D.S., Peters, R.S., Tselikh, E.V., Woolley, J.B. and van Noort, S., (2022). From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 94, pp.13-88. [https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 DOI]</ref> This was largely based on phylogenetic evidence (both molecular and morphological) accumulated since the families of the Superfamily were outlined in 1993<ref name=Gibson1993>Gibson, G.A.P. (1993) Superfamilies Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea (pp. 570-655). In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143 PDF]</ref>. Burks, R., Mitroiu, M.D., Fusu, L., Heraty, J.M., Janšta, P., Heydon, S., Papilloud, N.D.S., Peters, R.S., Tselikh, E.V., Woolley, J.B. and van Noort, S., (2022). From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 94, pp.13-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 Cruaud, A., Rasplus, J.Y., Zhang, J., Burks, R., Delvare, G., Fusu, L., Gumovsky, A., Huber, J.T., Janšta, P., Mitroiu, M.D. and Noyes, J.S., 2022. The Chalcidoidea bush of life–a massive radiation blurred by mutational saturation. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.11.507458 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507458.full.pdf <big>'''Ichneumonoidea'''</big> Quicke, D.L., 2015. The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps: biology, systematics, evolution and ecology. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281662102_The_Braconid_and_Ichneumonid_Parasitoid_Wasps_Biology_Systematics_Evolution_and_Ecology == Spider-hunting wasps == Two wasps from the genus ''Auplopus'' from Europe. Most of the ''Auplopus'' species, along with others from the Tribe Ageniellini, amputate the legs of the spiders they capture; this makes it much easier to move the spider to the nest. <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Grijze spinnendoder IMG 1624.jpg Auplopus carbonarius fg01 20060623 Nied Garten.jpg </gallery> African genera of Ageniellini: * ''[[Auplopus]]'' <small>Spinola, 1841</small> * ''[[Cyemagenia]]'' <small>Arnold, 1946</small> * ''[[Dichragenia]]'' <small>Haupt, 1950</small> * ''[[Phanagenia]]'' <small>Banks, 1933</small> Madagascar * ''[[Poecilagenia]]'' <small>Haupt, 1926</small> '''<big>Hymenoptera</big>''' About 20 000 described species of [[w:Hymenoptera|Hymenoptera]] (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) are known from the [[w:Afrotropical|Afrotropical]] region. Estimates of the actual species count for the region range from 100 000 species to as high as 500 000 species.<ref name=WaspWebOverview>[https://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Afrotropical Hymenoptera Initiative. www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> Nineteen different superfamilies are illustrated on [[User:Alandmanson/Hymenoptera of southern Africa|this gallery]] in Wikimedia Commons. The huge number of undescribed species means that many species will be extinct before we are even aware of them, as there are too few taxonomists employed to tackle the task of describing all of them in the next few decades. ==Classification== The Order can be split into two Suborders - The [[w:Symphyta|Symphyta]] (Woodwasps, Horntails, Sawflies) and the [[w:Apocrita|Apocrita]] (Narrow-waisted wasps, ants and bees).<br> When compared to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, the diversity of Symphyta in Africa is relatively poor, although sawflies of the Superfamily [[w:Tenthredinoidea|Tenthredinoidea]] are fairly common in forests and other woody vegetation types. Africa has a rich diversity of Apocrita. The cladogram shown below<ref name=Peters>{{Cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=Ralph S. |last2=Krogmann |first2=Lars |last3=Mayer |first3=Christoph |last4=Donath |first4=Alexander |last5=Gunkel |first5=Simon |last6=Meusemann |first6=Karen |last7=Kozlov |first7=Alexey |last8=Podsiadlowski |first8=Lars |last9=Petersen |first9=Malte |title=Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=1013–1018 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027|pmid=28343967 |year=2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref> indicates the possible relationships between 11 of the superfamilies that comprise Apocrita; These 11 superfamilies are all represented in Africa. This breakdown is used by iNaturalist.<ref name=inat-Aculeata>https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/326777-Aculeata</ref> It is, however, not accepted by all hymenopterists, and may change as more phylogenetic evidence is accumulated.<ref name=waspwebClass>[https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Classification of Afrotropical Hymenoptera (Wasps, Bees, Ants). www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> {{Clade|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85% |label1=Apocrita |1={{Clade |label1=[[w:Parasitoida|Parasitoida]] |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Ceraphronoidea|Ceraphronoidea]] |2=[[w:Ichneumonoidea|Ichneumonoidea]] }} |label2=[[w:Proctotrupomorpha|Proctotrupomorpha]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Cynipoidea|Cynipoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Platygastroidea|Platygastroidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chalcidoidea|Chalcidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Diaprioidea|Diaprioidea]] |2=[[w:Proctotrupoidea|Proctotrupoidea]] }} }} }} }} }} |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Evanioidea|Evanioidea]] |2=[[w:Stephanoidea|Stephanoidea]] }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Trigonaloidea|Trigonaloidea]] |label2=[[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chrysidoidea|Chrysidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Vespoidea|Vespoidea]] (potter, honey and social wasps) |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Pompiloidea|Pompiloidea]] (velvet ants, spider wasps and relatives) |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Thynnoidea|Thynnoidea]] |2=[[w:Tiphioidea|Tiphioidea]] }} }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Scolioidea|Scolioidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Formicoidea|Formicoidea]] (ants) |2=[[w:Apoidea|Apoidea]] (bees and related wasps) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} <br> ==Some common African Symphyta== <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Sawfly, Argidae 2021 12 19 12 39 42.jpg|Sawfly, ''Arge'' sp. (Argidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 11 21 0815.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 08 23 8964.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Sirex noctilio F (prof.).JPG|''Sirex noctilio'', a pest in ''Pinus'' plantations (introduced to Africa)<ref name=WaspWebSn>[https://www.waspweb.org/Siricoidea/Siricidae/Sirex/Sirex_noctilio.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: ''Sirex noctilio''. www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> </gallery> == Frequently reported African Apocrita == <br> [[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] (ants, bees and stinging wasps) are the most commonly observed Hymenoptera in Africa. There are many more photographs of African Aculeata on the web - See [https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm African Aculeata on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=326777 African Aculeata on iNaturalist] <br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Slender Ant (Tetraponera natalensis) (30538051244).jpg|Slender ant (Formicidae, Formicoidea) Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa inconstans, female) (6021534858).jpg|Female carpenter bee (Apidae, Apoidea) Chalybion 2019 12 02 2314.jpg|Blue mud-dauber wasp (Sphecidae, Apoidea) Bethylidae 2019 08 21 13 42 21 8760.jpg|Flat wasp (Bethylidae, Chrysidoidea) Belonogaster juncea colonialis, manlik, h, Pretoria.jpg|Paper wasp (Vespidae, Vespoidea) Meria 2020 08 12 2193.jpg|''Meria'' sp. female (Thynnidae, Thynnoidea) Dasylabris stimulatrix iNat37068107 2019 12 23 2990 W.jpg|''Dasylabris stimulatrix'', a velvet ant (Mutillidae, Pompiloidea) Pompilidae 2019 05 28 0247.jpg|Spider-hunting wasp (Pompilidae, Pompiloidea) Scoliid Wasp 2019 06 08 0492.jpg|Campsomerine wasp (Scoliidae, Scolioidea) </gallery><br> Darwin wasps ([[w:Ichneumonidae|Ichneumonidae]]) and braconids ([[w:Braconidae|Braconidae]]) are also frequently reported. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Ichneumonoidea/index.htm African Ichneumonoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=47200 African Ichneumonoidea on iNaturalist].<br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Echthromorpha agrestoria 2019 10 03 5572.jpg|''Echthromorpha agrestoria'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Ichneumonidae inat 88832241.jpg|''Goryphus tricolor'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Braconid Wasp (Archibracon servillei) (11857083186).jpg|Braconine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) 2019 09 15 12 55 07 Microgastrinae 38425632.jpg|Microgastrine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) </gallery><br> Small [[w:Chalcidoidea|chalcidoid]] parasitic wasps (especially those from the families [[w:Pteromalidae|Pteromalidae]], [[w:Chalcididae|Chalcididae]], [[w:Eulophidae|Eulophidae]], [[w:Eurytomidae|Eurytomidae]]) are also common. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/index.htm African Chalcidoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=69750 African Chalcidoidea on iNaturalist] <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Halticoptera 2019 11 26 2173Cedara.jpg|''Halticoptera'' sp. (Pteromalidae, Chalcidoidea) Brachymeria 2019 10 09 17 26 38 2520.jpg|''Brachymeria'' sp. (Chalcididae, Chalcidoidea) Eulophidae Inat 38422095 b.jpg|''Hemiptarsenus'' sp. (Eulophidae, Chalcidoidea) Eurytomidae00.jpg|Mating seed chalcids (Eurytomidae, Chalcidoidea) </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} 4p0i0nnn8xuip24owdu74c0hnooo53m 2688786 2688785 2024-11-25T12:45:57Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Superfamily Apoidea */ 2688786 wikitext text/x-wiki == Superfamily Apoidea == === African Bembicidae === ====Subfamily Bembicinae==== Tribe Gorytini * ''Afrogorytes'' * ''Gorytes'' * ''Harpactus'' * ''Hoplisoides'' * ''Lestiphorus'' Tribe Spheciini * ''Ammatomus'' * ''Kohlia'' * ''Sphecius'' Tribe Handlirschiini * ''Handlirschia'' Tribe Bembicini * ''Bembix'' Tribe Stizini * ''Bembecinus'' * ''Stizoides'' * ''Stizus'' ====Subfamily Nyssoninae==== * ''Brachystegus'' * ''Hovanysson'' * ''Nysson'' ====Subfamily Alyssontinae==== * ''Alysson'' * ''Didineis'' '''<big>African Chalcidoidea</big>''' Chalcidoidea is an incredibly diverse group of wasps with a wide variety of life histories; many are parasitoids, making them ecologically important; some are used for biological control of insect pests. About 22 000 species have been described, but as many as 500 000 are thought to exist worldwide.<ref name=Noyes2019/> Most chalcidoids are small (body length less than 5 mm), the smallest being males of the mymarid ''Dicopomorpha echmepterygis'', which is the smallest known flying insect (0.13 mm).<ref name=Noyes2019>Noyes, J.S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids]</ref> However, some species may be as long as 20 mm (excluding antennae and ovipositor), such as the pelecinellid ''Doddifoenus wallacei''.<ref name=Krogmann&Burks2009>Krogmann, Lars; Burks, Roger A. (2009-12-31). "Doddifoenus wallacei, a new giant parasitoid wasp of the subfamily Leptofoeninae (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), with a description of its mesosomal skeletal anatomy and a molecular characterization". Zootaxa. 2194: 21–36. doi:10.5281/zenodo.189452 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lars-Krogmann/publication/250916337 PDF]</ref> Many have bright metallic colours, hence the name Chalcidoidea or chalcid - the greek word χαλκός (chalcos) means copper or bronze.<ref name=Perseus2023>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0073:entry=xalko/s Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary]</ref> Many new chalcidoid families were proposed in 2022.<ref name=Burks2022>Burks, R., Mitroiu, M.D., Fusu, L., Heraty, J.M., Janšta, P., Heydon, S., Papilloud, N.D.S., Peters, R.S., Tselikh, E.V., Woolley, J.B. and van Noort, S., (2022). From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 94, pp.13-88. [https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 DOI]</ref> This was largely based on phylogenetic evidence (both molecular and morphological) accumulated since the families of the Superfamily were outlined in 1993<ref name=Gibson1993>Gibson, G.A.P. (1993) Superfamilies Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea (pp. 570-655). In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143 PDF]</ref>. Burks, R., Mitroiu, M.D., Fusu, L., Heraty, J.M., Janšta, P., Heydon, S., Papilloud, N.D.S., Peters, R.S., Tselikh, E.V., Woolley, J.B. and van Noort, S., (2022). From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 94, pp.13-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 Cruaud, A., Rasplus, J.Y., Zhang, J., Burks, R., Delvare, G., Fusu, L., Gumovsky, A., Huber, J.T., Janšta, P., Mitroiu, M.D. and Noyes, J.S., 2022. The Chalcidoidea bush of life–a massive radiation blurred by mutational saturation. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.11.507458 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507458.full.pdf <big>'''Ichneumonoidea'''</big> Quicke, D.L., 2015. The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps: biology, systematics, evolution and ecology. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281662102_The_Braconid_and_Ichneumonid_Parasitoid_Wasps_Biology_Systematics_Evolution_and_Ecology == Spider-hunting wasps == Two wasps from the genus ''Auplopus'' from Europe. Most of the ''Auplopus'' species, along with others from the Tribe Ageniellini, amputate the legs of the spiders they capture; this makes it much easier to move the spider to the nest. <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Grijze spinnendoder IMG 1624.jpg Auplopus carbonarius fg01 20060623 Nied Garten.jpg </gallery> African genera of Ageniellini: * ''[[Auplopus]]'' <small>Spinola, 1841</small> * ''[[Cyemagenia]]'' <small>Arnold, 1946</small> * ''[[Dichragenia]]'' <small>Haupt, 1950</small> * ''[[Phanagenia]]'' <small>Banks, 1933</small> Madagascar * ''[[Poecilagenia]]'' <small>Haupt, 1926</small> '''<big>Hymenoptera</big>''' About 20 000 described species of [[w:Hymenoptera|Hymenoptera]] (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) are known from the [[w:Afrotropical|Afrotropical]] region. Estimates of the actual species count for the region range from 100 000 species to as high as 500 000 species.<ref name=WaspWebOverview>[https://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Afrotropical Hymenoptera Initiative. www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> Nineteen different superfamilies are illustrated on [[User:Alandmanson/Hymenoptera of southern Africa|this gallery]] in Wikimedia Commons. The huge number of undescribed species means that many species will be extinct before we are even aware of them, as there are too few taxonomists employed to tackle the task of describing all of them in the next few decades. ==Classification== The Order can be split into two Suborders - The [[w:Symphyta|Symphyta]] (Woodwasps, Horntails, Sawflies) and the [[w:Apocrita|Apocrita]] (Narrow-waisted wasps, ants and bees).<br> When compared to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, the diversity of Symphyta in Africa is relatively poor, although sawflies of the Superfamily [[w:Tenthredinoidea|Tenthredinoidea]] are fairly common in forests and other woody vegetation types. Africa has a rich diversity of Apocrita. The cladogram shown below<ref name=Peters>{{Cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=Ralph S. |last2=Krogmann |first2=Lars |last3=Mayer |first3=Christoph |last4=Donath |first4=Alexander |last5=Gunkel |first5=Simon |last6=Meusemann |first6=Karen |last7=Kozlov |first7=Alexey |last8=Podsiadlowski |first8=Lars |last9=Petersen |first9=Malte |title=Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=1013–1018 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027|pmid=28343967 |year=2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref> indicates the possible relationships between 11 of the superfamilies that comprise Apocrita; These 11 superfamilies are all represented in Africa. This breakdown is used by iNaturalist.<ref name=inat-Aculeata>https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/326777-Aculeata</ref> It is, however, not accepted by all hymenopterists, and may change as more phylogenetic evidence is accumulated.<ref name=waspwebClass>[https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Classification of Afrotropical Hymenoptera (Wasps, Bees, Ants). www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> {{Clade|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85% |label1=Apocrita |1={{Clade |label1=[[w:Parasitoida|Parasitoida]] |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Ceraphronoidea|Ceraphronoidea]] |2=[[w:Ichneumonoidea|Ichneumonoidea]] }} |label2=[[w:Proctotrupomorpha|Proctotrupomorpha]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Cynipoidea|Cynipoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Platygastroidea|Platygastroidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chalcidoidea|Chalcidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Diaprioidea|Diaprioidea]] |2=[[w:Proctotrupoidea|Proctotrupoidea]] }} }} }} }} }} |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Evanioidea|Evanioidea]] |2=[[w:Stephanoidea|Stephanoidea]] }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Trigonaloidea|Trigonaloidea]] |label2=[[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chrysidoidea|Chrysidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Vespoidea|Vespoidea]] (potter, honey and social wasps) |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Pompiloidea|Pompiloidea]] (velvet ants, spider wasps and relatives) |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Thynnoidea|Thynnoidea]] |2=[[w:Tiphioidea|Tiphioidea]] }} }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Scolioidea|Scolioidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Formicoidea|Formicoidea]] (ants) |2=[[w:Apoidea|Apoidea]] (bees and related wasps) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} <br> ==Some common African Symphyta== <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Sawfly, Argidae 2021 12 19 12 39 42.jpg|Sawfly, ''Arge'' sp. (Argidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 11 21 0815.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 08 23 8964.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Sirex noctilio F (prof.).JPG|''Sirex noctilio'', a pest in ''Pinus'' plantations (introduced to Africa)<ref name=WaspWebSn>[https://www.waspweb.org/Siricoidea/Siricidae/Sirex/Sirex_noctilio.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: ''Sirex noctilio''. www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> </gallery> == Frequently reported African Apocrita == <br> [[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] (ants, bees and stinging wasps) are the most commonly observed Hymenoptera in Africa. There are many more photographs of African Aculeata on the web - See [https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm African Aculeata on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=326777 African Aculeata on iNaturalist] <br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Slender Ant (Tetraponera natalensis) (30538051244).jpg|Slender ant (Formicidae, Formicoidea) Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa inconstans, female) (6021534858).jpg|Female carpenter bee (Apidae, Apoidea) Chalybion 2019 12 02 2314.jpg|Blue mud-dauber wasp (Sphecidae, Apoidea) Bethylidae 2019 08 21 13 42 21 8760.jpg|Flat wasp (Bethylidae, Chrysidoidea) Belonogaster juncea colonialis, manlik, h, Pretoria.jpg|Paper wasp (Vespidae, Vespoidea) Meria 2020 08 12 2193.jpg|''Meria'' sp. female (Thynnidae, Thynnoidea) Dasylabris stimulatrix iNat37068107 2019 12 23 2990 W.jpg|''Dasylabris stimulatrix'', a velvet ant (Mutillidae, Pompiloidea) Pompilidae 2019 05 28 0247.jpg|Spider-hunting wasp (Pompilidae, Pompiloidea) Scoliid Wasp 2019 06 08 0492.jpg|Campsomerine wasp (Scoliidae, Scolioidea) </gallery><br> Darwin wasps ([[w:Ichneumonidae|Ichneumonidae]]) and braconids ([[w:Braconidae|Braconidae]]) are also frequently reported. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Ichneumonoidea/index.htm African Ichneumonoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=47200 African Ichneumonoidea on iNaturalist].<br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Echthromorpha agrestoria 2019 10 03 5572.jpg|''Echthromorpha agrestoria'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Ichneumonidae inat 88832241.jpg|''Goryphus tricolor'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Braconid Wasp (Archibracon servillei) (11857083186).jpg|Braconine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) 2019 09 15 12 55 07 Microgastrinae 38425632.jpg|Microgastrine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) </gallery><br> Small [[w:Chalcidoidea|chalcidoid]] parasitic wasps (especially those from the families [[w:Pteromalidae|Pteromalidae]], [[w:Chalcididae|Chalcididae]], [[w:Eulophidae|Eulophidae]], [[w:Eurytomidae|Eurytomidae]]) are also common. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/index.htm African Chalcidoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=69750 African Chalcidoidea on iNaturalist] <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Halticoptera 2019 11 26 2173Cedara.jpg|''Halticoptera'' sp. (Pteromalidae, Chalcidoidea) Brachymeria 2019 10 09 17 26 38 2520.jpg|''Brachymeria'' sp. (Chalcididae, Chalcidoidea) Eulophidae Inat 38422095 b.jpg|''Hemiptarsenus'' sp. (Eulophidae, Chalcidoidea) Eurytomidae00.jpg|Mating seed chalcids (Eurytomidae, Chalcidoidea) </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} 860yi2ylpyq3fa3n51isyb2b0q3r7dd 2688787 2688786 2024-11-25T12:46:45Z Alandmanson 1669821 2688787 wikitext text/x-wiki = Superfamily Apoidea = == African Bembicidae == ===Subfamily Bembicinae=== Tribe Gorytini * ''Afrogorytes'' * ''Gorytes'' * ''Harpactus'' * ''Hoplisoides'' * ''Lestiphorus'' Tribe Spheciini * ''Ammatomus'' * ''Kohlia'' * ''Sphecius'' Tribe Handlirschiini * ''Handlirschia'' Tribe Bembicini * ''Bembix'' Tribe Stizini * ''Bembecinus'' * ''Stizoides'' * ''Stizus'' ===Subfamily Nyssoninae=== * ''Brachystegus'' * ''Hovanysson'' * ''Nysson'' ===Subfamily Alyssontinae=== * ''Alysson'' * ''Didineis'' '''<big>African Chalcidoidea</big>''' Chalcidoidea is an incredibly diverse group of wasps with a wide variety of life histories; many are parasitoids, making them ecologically important; some are used for biological control of insect pests. About 22 000 species have been described, but as many as 500 000 are thought to exist worldwide.<ref name=Noyes2019/> Most chalcidoids are small (body length less than 5 mm), the smallest being males of the mymarid ''Dicopomorpha echmepterygis'', which is the smallest known flying insect (0.13 mm).<ref name=Noyes2019>Noyes, J.S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids]</ref> However, some species may be as long as 20 mm (excluding antennae and ovipositor), such as the pelecinellid ''Doddifoenus wallacei''.<ref name=Krogmann&Burks2009>Krogmann, Lars; Burks, Roger A. (2009-12-31). "Doddifoenus wallacei, a new giant parasitoid wasp of the subfamily Leptofoeninae (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), with a description of its mesosomal skeletal anatomy and a molecular characterization". Zootaxa. 2194: 21–36. doi:10.5281/zenodo.189452 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lars-Krogmann/publication/250916337 PDF]</ref> Many have bright metallic colours, hence the name Chalcidoidea or chalcid - the greek word χαλκός (chalcos) means copper or bronze.<ref name=Perseus2023>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0073:entry=xalko/s Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary]</ref> Many new chalcidoid families were proposed in 2022.<ref name=Burks2022>Burks, R., Mitroiu, M.D., Fusu, L., Heraty, J.M., Janšta, P., Heydon, S., Papilloud, N.D.S., Peters, R.S., Tselikh, E.V., Woolley, J.B. and van Noort, S., (2022). From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 94, pp.13-88. [https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 DOI]</ref> This was largely based on phylogenetic evidence (both molecular and morphological) accumulated since the families of the Superfamily were outlined in 1993<ref name=Gibson1993>Gibson, G.A.P. (1993) Superfamilies Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea (pp. 570-655). In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143 PDF]</ref>. Burks, R., Mitroiu, M.D., Fusu, L., Heraty, J.M., Janšta, P., Heydon, S., Papilloud, N.D.S., Peters, R.S., Tselikh, E.V., Woolley, J.B. and van Noort, S., (2022). From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 94, pp.13-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 Cruaud, A., Rasplus, J.Y., Zhang, J., Burks, R., Delvare, G., Fusu, L., Gumovsky, A., Huber, J.T., Janšta, P., Mitroiu, M.D. and Noyes, J.S., 2022. The Chalcidoidea bush of life–a massive radiation blurred by mutational saturation. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.11.507458 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507458.full.pdf <big>'''Ichneumonoidea'''</big> Quicke, D.L., 2015. The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps: biology, systematics, evolution and ecology. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281662102_The_Braconid_and_Ichneumonid_Parasitoid_Wasps_Biology_Systematics_Evolution_and_Ecology == Spider-hunting wasps == Two wasps from the genus ''Auplopus'' from Europe. Most of the ''Auplopus'' species, along with others from the Tribe Ageniellini, amputate the legs of the spiders they capture; this makes it much easier to move the spider to the nest. <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Grijze spinnendoder IMG 1624.jpg Auplopus carbonarius fg01 20060623 Nied Garten.jpg </gallery> African genera of Ageniellini: * ''[[Auplopus]]'' <small>Spinola, 1841</small> * ''[[Cyemagenia]]'' <small>Arnold, 1946</small> * ''[[Dichragenia]]'' <small>Haupt, 1950</small> * ''[[Phanagenia]]'' <small>Banks, 1933</small> Madagascar * ''[[Poecilagenia]]'' <small>Haupt, 1926</small> '''<big>Hymenoptera</big>''' About 20 000 described species of [[w:Hymenoptera|Hymenoptera]] (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) are known from the [[w:Afrotropical|Afrotropical]] region. Estimates of the actual species count for the region range from 100 000 species to as high as 500 000 species.<ref name=WaspWebOverview>[https://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Afrotropical Hymenoptera Initiative. www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> Nineteen different superfamilies are illustrated on [[User:Alandmanson/Hymenoptera of southern Africa|this gallery]] in Wikimedia Commons. The huge number of undescribed species means that many species will be extinct before we are even aware of them, as there are too few taxonomists employed to tackle the task of describing all of them in the next few decades. ==Classification== The Order can be split into two Suborders - The [[w:Symphyta|Symphyta]] (Woodwasps, Horntails, Sawflies) and the [[w:Apocrita|Apocrita]] (Narrow-waisted wasps, ants and bees).<br> When compared to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, the diversity of Symphyta in Africa is relatively poor, although sawflies of the Superfamily [[w:Tenthredinoidea|Tenthredinoidea]] are fairly common in forests and other woody vegetation types. Africa has a rich diversity of Apocrita. The cladogram shown below<ref name=Peters>{{Cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=Ralph S. |last2=Krogmann |first2=Lars |last3=Mayer |first3=Christoph |last4=Donath |first4=Alexander |last5=Gunkel |first5=Simon |last6=Meusemann |first6=Karen |last7=Kozlov |first7=Alexey |last8=Podsiadlowski |first8=Lars |last9=Petersen |first9=Malte |title=Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=1013–1018 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027|pmid=28343967 |year=2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref> indicates the possible relationships between 11 of the superfamilies that comprise Apocrita; These 11 superfamilies are all represented in Africa. This breakdown is used by iNaturalist.<ref name=inat-Aculeata>https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/326777-Aculeata</ref> It is, however, not accepted by all hymenopterists, and may change as more phylogenetic evidence is accumulated.<ref name=waspwebClass>[https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Classification of Afrotropical Hymenoptera (Wasps, Bees, Ants). www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> {{Clade|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85% |label1=Apocrita |1={{Clade |label1=[[w:Parasitoida|Parasitoida]] |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Ceraphronoidea|Ceraphronoidea]] |2=[[w:Ichneumonoidea|Ichneumonoidea]] }} |label2=[[w:Proctotrupomorpha|Proctotrupomorpha]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Cynipoidea|Cynipoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Platygastroidea|Platygastroidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chalcidoidea|Chalcidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Diaprioidea|Diaprioidea]] |2=[[w:Proctotrupoidea|Proctotrupoidea]] }} }} }} }} }} |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Evanioidea|Evanioidea]] |2=[[w:Stephanoidea|Stephanoidea]] }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Trigonaloidea|Trigonaloidea]] |label2=[[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chrysidoidea|Chrysidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Vespoidea|Vespoidea]] (potter, honey and social wasps) |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Pompiloidea|Pompiloidea]] (velvet ants, spider wasps and relatives) |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Thynnoidea|Thynnoidea]] |2=[[w:Tiphioidea|Tiphioidea]] }} }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Scolioidea|Scolioidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Formicoidea|Formicoidea]] (ants) |2=[[w:Apoidea|Apoidea]] (bees and related wasps) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} <br> ==Some common African Symphyta== <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Sawfly, Argidae 2021 12 19 12 39 42.jpg|Sawfly, ''Arge'' sp. (Argidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 11 21 0815.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 08 23 8964.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Sirex noctilio F (prof.).JPG|''Sirex noctilio'', a pest in ''Pinus'' plantations (introduced to Africa)<ref name=WaspWebSn>[https://www.waspweb.org/Siricoidea/Siricidae/Sirex/Sirex_noctilio.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: ''Sirex noctilio''. www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> </gallery> == Frequently reported African Apocrita == <br> [[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] (ants, bees and stinging wasps) are the most commonly observed Hymenoptera in Africa. There are many more photographs of African Aculeata on the web - See [https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm African Aculeata on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=326777 African Aculeata on iNaturalist] <br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Slender Ant (Tetraponera natalensis) (30538051244).jpg|Slender ant (Formicidae, Formicoidea) Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa inconstans, female) (6021534858).jpg|Female carpenter bee (Apidae, Apoidea) Chalybion 2019 12 02 2314.jpg|Blue mud-dauber wasp (Sphecidae, Apoidea) Bethylidae 2019 08 21 13 42 21 8760.jpg|Flat wasp (Bethylidae, Chrysidoidea) Belonogaster juncea colonialis, manlik, h, Pretoria.jpg|Paper wasp (Vespidae, Vespoidea) Meria 2020 08 12 2193.jpg|''Meria'' sp. female (Thynnidae, Thynnoidea) Dasylabris stimulatrix iNat37068107 2019 12 23 2990 W.jpg|''Dasylabris stimulatrix'', a velvet ant (Mutillidae, Pompiloidea) Pompilidae 2019 05 28 0247.jpg|Spider-hunting wasp (Pompilidae, Pompiloidea) Scoliid Wasp 2019 06 08 0492.jpg|Campsomerine wasp (Scoliidae, Scolioidea) </gallery><br> Darwin wasps ([[w:Ichneumonidae|Ichneumonidae]]) and braconids ([[w:Braconidae|Braconidae]]) are also frequently reported. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Ichneumonoidea/index.htm African Ichneumonoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=47200 African Ichneumonoidea on iNaturalist].<br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Echthromorpha agrestoria 2019 10 03 5572.jpg|''Echthromorpha agrestoria'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Ichneumonidae inat 88832241.jpg|''Goryphus tricolor'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Braconid Wasp (Archibracon servillei) (11857083186).jpg|Braconine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) 2019 09 15 12 55 07 Microgastrinae 38425632.jpg|Microgastrine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) </gallery><br> Small [[w:Chalcidoidea|chalcidoid]] parasitic wasps (especially those from the families [[w:Pteromalidae|Pteromalidae]], [[w:Chalcididae|Chalcididae]], [[w:Eulophidae|Eulophidae]], [[w:Eurytomidae|Eurytomidae]]) are also common. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/index.htm African Chalcidoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=69750 African Chalcidoidea on iNaturalist] <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Halticoptera 2019 11 26 2173Cedara.jpg|''Halticoptera'' sp. (Pteromalidae, Chalcidoidea) Brachymeria 2019 10 09 17 26 38 2520.jpg|''Brachymeria'' sp. (Chalcididae, Chalcidoidea) Eulophidae Inat 38422095 b.jpg|''Hemiptarsenus'' sp. (Eulophidae, Chalcidoidea) Eurytomidae00.jpg|Mating seed chalcids (Eurytomidae, Chalcidoidea) </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} 49pigq9ee84qxwm28flpxu5rzfc197o 2688788 2688787 2024-11-25T12:47:32Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Superfamily Apoidea */ 2688788 wikitext text/x-wiki = Superfamily Apoidea = == African Bembicidae == ===Subfamily Bembicinae=== Tribe Gorytini * ''Afrogorytes'' * ''Gorytes'' * ''Harpactus'' * ''Hoplisoides'' * ''Lestiphorus'' Tribe Spheciini * ''Ammatomus'' * ''Kohlia'' * ''Sphecius'' Tribe Handlirschiini * ''Handlirschia'' Tribe Bembicini * ''Bembix'' Tribe Stizini * ''Bembecinus'' * ''Stizoides'' * ''Stizus'' ===Subfamily Nyssoninae=== * ''Brachystegus'' * ''Hovanysson'' * ''Nysson'' ===Subfamily Alyssontinae=== * ''Alysson'' * ''Didineis'' '''<big>African Chalcidoidea</big>''' Chalcidoidea is an incredibly diverse group of wasps with a wide variety of life histories; many are parasitoids, making them ecologically important; some are used for biological control of insect pests. About 22 000 species have been described, but as many as 500 000 are thought to exist worldwide.<ref name=Noyes2019/> Most chalcidoids are small (body length less than 5 mm), the smallest being males of the mymarid ''Dicopomorpha echmepterygis'', which is the smallest known flying insect (0.13 mm).<ref name=Noyes2019>Noyes, J.S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids]</ref> However, some species may be as long as 20 mm (excluding antennae and ovipositor), such as the pelecinellid ''Doddifoenus wallacei''.<ref name=Krogmann&Burks2009>Krogmann, Lars; Burks, Roger A. (2009-12-31). "Doddifoenus wallacei, a new giant parasitoid wasp of the subfamily Leptofoeninae (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), with a description of its mesosomal skeletal anatomy and a molecular characterization". Zootaxa. 2194: 21–36. doi:10.5281/zenodo.189452 [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lars-Krogmann/publication/250916337 PDF]</ref> Many have bright metallic colours, hence the name Chalcidoidea or chalcid - the greek word χαλκός (chalcos) means copper or bronze.<ref name=Perseus2023>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0073:entry=xalko/s Georg Autenrieth, A Homeric Dictionary]</ref> Many new chalcidoid families were proposed in 2022.<ref name=Burks2022>Burks, R., Mitroiu, M.D., Fusu, L., Heraty, J.M., Janšta, P., Heydon, S., Papilloud, N.D.S., Peters, R.S., Tselikh, E.V., Woolley, J.B. and van Noort, S., (2022). From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 94, pp.13-88. [https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 DOI]</ref> This was largely based on phylogenetic evidence (both molecular and morphological) accumulated since the families of the Superfamily were outlined in 1993<ref name=Gibson1993>Gibson, G.A.P. (1993) Superfamilies Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea (pp. 570-655). In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 668 pp. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143 PDF]</ref>. Burks, R., Mitroiu, M.D., Fusu, L., Heraty, J.M., Janšta, P., Heydon, S., Papilloud, N.D.S., Peters, R.S., Tselikh, E.V., Woolley, J.B. and van Noort, S., (2022). From hell’s heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 94, pp.13-88. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.94.94263 Cruaud, A., Rasplus, J.Y., Zhang, J., Burks, R., Delvare, G., Fusu, L., Gumovsky, A., Huber, J.T., Janšta, P., Mitroiu, M.D. and Noyes, J.S., 2022. The Chalcidoidea bush of life–a massive radiation blurred by mutational saturation. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.09.11.507458 https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507458.full.pdf <big>'''Ichneumonoidea'''</big> Quicke, D.L., 2015. The braconid and ichneumonid parasitoid wasps: biology, systematics, evolution and ecology. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281662102_The_Braconid_and_Ichneumonid_Parasitoid_Wasps_Biology_Systematics_Evolution_and_Ecology == Spider-hunting wasps == Two wasps from the genus ''Auplopus'' from Europe. Most of the ''Auplopus'' species, along with others from the Tribe Ageniellini, amputate the legs of the spiders they capture; this makes it much easier to move the spider to the nest. <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Grijze spinnendoder IMG 1624.jpg Auplopus carbonarius fg01 20060623 Nied Garten.jpg </gallery> African genera of Ageniellini: * ''[[Auplopus]]'' <small>Spinola, 1841</small> * ''[[Cyemagenia]]'' <small>Arnold, 1946</small> * ''[[Dichragenia]]'' <small>Haupt, 1950</small> * ''[[Phanagenia]]'' <small>Banks, 1933</small> Madagascar * ''[[Poecilagenia]]'' <small>Haupt, 1926</small> '''<big>Hymenoptera</big>''' About 20 000 described species of [[w:Hymenoptera|Hymenoptera]] (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) are known from the [[w:Afrotropical|Afrotropical]] region. Estimates of the actual species count for the region range from 100 000 species to as high as 500 000 species.<ref name=WaspWebOverview>[https://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Afrotropical Hymenoptera Initiative. www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> Nineteen different superfamilies are illustrated on [[User:Alandmanson/Hymenoptera of southern Africa|this gallery]] in Wikimedia Commons. The huge number of undescribed species means that many species will be extinct before we are even aware of them, as there are too few taxonomists employed to tackle the task of describing all of them in the next few decades. ==Classification== The Order can be split into two Suborders - The [[w:Symphyta|Symphyta]] (Woodwasps, Horntails, Sawflies) and the [[w:Apocrita|Apocrita]] (Narrow-waisted wasps, ants and bees).<br> When compared to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, the diversity of Symphyta in Africa is relatively poor, although sawflies of the Superfamily [[w:Tenthredinoidea|Tenthredinoidea]] are fairly common in forests and other woody vegetation types. Africa has a rich diversity of Apocrita. The cladogram shown below<ref name=Peters>{{Cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=Ralph S. |last2=Krogmann |first2=Lars |last3=Mayer |first3=Christoph |last4=Donath |first4=Alexander |last5=Gunkel |first5=Simon |last6=Meusemann |first6=Karen |last7=Kozlov |first7=Alexey |last8=Podsiadlowski |first8=Lars |last9=Petersen |first9=Malte |title=Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=1013–1018 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027|pmid=28343967 |year=2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref> indicates the possible relationships between 11 of the superfamilies that comprise Apocrita; These 11 superfamilies are all represented in Africa. This breakdown is used by iNaturalist.<ref name=inat-Aculeata>https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/326777-Aculeata</ref> It is, however, not accepted by all hymenopterists, and may change as more phylogenetic evidence is accumulated.<ref name=waspwebClass>[https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Classification of Afrotropical Hymenoptera (Wasps, Bees, Ants). www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> {{Clade|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85% |label1=Apocrita |1={{Clade |label1=[[w:Parasitoida|Parasitoida]] |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Ceraphronoidea|Ceraphronoidea]] |2=[[w:Ichneumonoidea|Ichneumonoidea]] }} |label2=[[w:Proctotrupomorpha|Proctotrupomorpha]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Cynipoidea|Cynipoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Platygastroidea|Platygastroidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chalcidoidea|Chalcidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Diaprioidea|Diaprioidea]] |2=[[w:Proctotrupoidea|Proctotrupoidea]] }} }} }} }} }} |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Evanioidea|Evanioidea]] |2=[[w:Stephanoidea|Stephanoidea]] }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Trigonaloidea|Trigonaloidea]] |label2=[[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chrysidoidea|Chrysidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Vespoidea|Vespoidea]] (potter, honey and social wasps) |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Pompiloidea|Pompiloidea]] (velvet ants, spider wasps and relatives) |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Thynnoidea|Thynnoidea]] |2=[[w:Tiphioidea|Tiphioidea]] }} }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Scolioidea|Scolioidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Formicoidea|Formicoidea]] (ants) |2=[[w:Apoidea|Apoidea]] (bees and related wasps) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} <br> ==Some common African Symphyta== <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Sawfly, Argidae 2021 12 19 12 39 42.jpg|Sawfly, ''Arge'' sp. (Argidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 11 21 0815.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 08 23 8964.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Sirex noctilio F (prof.).JPG|''Sirex noctilio'', a pest in ''Pinus'' plantations (introduced to Africa)<ref name=WaspWebSn>[https://www.waspweb.org/Siricoidea/Siricidae/Sirex/Sirex_noctilio.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: ''Sirex noctilio''. www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> </gallery> == Frequently reported African Apocrita == <br> [[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] (ants, bees and stinging wasps) are the most commonly observed Hymenoptera in Africa. There are many more photographs of African Aculeata on the web - See [https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm African Aculeata on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=326777 African Aculeata on iNaturalist] <br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Slender Ant (Tetraponera natalensis) (30538051244).jpg|Slender ant (Formicidae, Formicoidea) Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa inconstans, female) (6021534858).jpg|Female carpenter bee (Apidae, Apoidea) Chalybion 2019 12 02 2314.jpg|Blue mud-dauber wasp (Sphecidae, Apoidea) Bethylidae 2019 08 21 13 42 21 8760.jpg|Flat wasp (Bethylidae, Chrysidoidea) Belonogaster juncea colonialis, manlik, h, Pretoria.jpg|Paper wasp (Vespidae, Vespoidea) Meria 2020 08 12 2193.jpg|''Meria'' sp. female (Thynnidae, Thynnoidea) Dasylabris stimulatrix iNat37068107 2019 12 23 2990 W.jpg|''Dasylabris stimulatrix'', a velvet ant (Mutillidae, Pompiloidea) Pompilidae 2019 05 28 0247.jpg|Spider-hunting wasp (Pompilidae, Pompiloidea) Scoliid Wasp 2019 06 08 0492.jpg|Campsomerine wasp (Scoliidae, Scolioidea) </gallery><br> Darwin wasps ([[w:Ichneumonidae|Ichneumonidae]]) and braconids ([[w:Braconidae|Braconidae]]) are also frequently reported. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Ichneumonoidea/index.htm African Ichneumonoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=47200 African Ichneumonoidea on iNaturalist].<br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Echthromorpha agrestoria 2019 10 03 5572.jpg|''Echthromorpha agrestoria'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Ichneumonidae inat 88832241.jpg|''Goryphus tricolor'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Braconid Wasp (Archibracon servillei) (11857083186).jpg|Braconine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) 2019 09 15 12 55 07 Microgastrinae 38425632.jpg|Microgastrine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) </gallery><br> Small [[w:Chalcidoidea|chalcidoid]] parasitic wasps (especially those from the families [[w:Pteromalidae|Pteromalidae]], [[w:Chalcididae|Chalcididae]], [[w:Eulophidae|Eulophidae]], [[w:Eurytomidae|Eurytomidae]]) are also common. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/index.htm African Chalcidoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=69750 African Chalcidoidea on iNaturalist] <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Halticoptera 2019 11 26 2173Cedara.jpg|''Halticoptera'' sp. (Pteromalidae, Chalcidoidea) Brachymeria 2019 10 09 17 26 38 2520.jpg|''Brachymeria'' sp. (Chalcididae, Chalcidoidea) Eulophidae Inat 38422095 b.jpg|''Hemiptarsenus'' sp. (Eulophidae, Chalcidoidea) Eurytomidae00.jpg|Mating seed chalcids (Eurytomidae, Chalcidoidea) </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} 71iurkhpo5udlkfvhdl5q7gtzbse4p1 0 287104 2688789 2558135 2024-11-25T13:06:35Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Classification */ 2688789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navigation |title = African Hymenoptera |body = ;[[African Arthropods/Hymenoptera|Hymenoptera]] :[[African Arthropods/Chalcidoidea|African Chalcidoidea]] :*[[African Arthropods/Encyrtidae|African Encyrtidae]] :*[[African Arthropods/Chalcid wasps with branched antennae|African chalcid wasps with branched antennae]] :[[African Arthropods/Aculeata|African Aculeata]] :*[[African Arthropods/Philanthus|South African species of Philanthus]] }} About 20 000 described species of [[w:Hymenoptera|Hymenoptera]] (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) are known from the [[w:Afrotropical|Afrotropical]] region. Estimates of the actual species count for the region range from 100 000 species to as high as 500 000 species.<ref name=WaspWebOverview>[https://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Afrotropical Hymenoptera Initiative. www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> Nineteen different superfamilies are illustrated in [[User:Alandmanson/Hymenoptera of southern Africa|this gallery]] in Wikimedia Commons. The huge number of undescribed species means that many species will be extinct before we are even aware of them, as there are too few taxonomists employed to tackle the task of describing all of them in the next few decades. ==Classification== The Order can be split into two Suborders - The [[w:Symphyta|Symphyta]] (Woodwasps, Horntails, Sawflies) and the [[w:Apocrita|Apocrita]] (Narrow-waisted wasps, ants and bees).<br> When compared to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, the diversity of Symphyta in Africa is relatively poor, although sawflies of the Superfamily [[w:Tenthredinoidea|Tenthredinoidea]] are fairly common in forests and other woody vegetation types. Afrotropical Symphyta comprise 4 superfamilies:<ref name=waspwebClass/> *Cephoidea - Only two species of ''Athetocephus'' known from Madagascar. *Orussoidea - Five genera of wood wasps (Orussidae) are known from Africa. *Siricoidea - Two genera of wood wasps (Siricidae) are known from Africa. *Tenthredinoidea - Three families of sawflies are known from Africa: **Argidae (Argid sawflies) **Athaliidae (Torpedo sawflies) **Tenthredinidae (Common sawflies) Africa has a rich diversity of Apocrita. The cladogram shown below<ref name=Peters>{{Cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=Ralph S. |last2=Krogmann |first2=Lars |last3=Mayer |first3=Christoph |last4=Donath |first4=Alexander |last5=Gunkel |first5=Simon |last6=Meusemann |first6=Karen |last7=Kozlov |first7=Alexey |last8=Podsiadlowski |first8=Lars |last9=Petersen |first9=Malte |title=Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=1013–1018 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027|pmid=28343967 |year=2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref> indicates the possible relationships between 11 of the superfamilies that comprise Apocrita; These 11 superfamilies are all represented in Africa. This breakdown is used by iNaturalist.<ref name=inat-Aculeata>https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/326777-Aculeata</ref> It is, however, not accepted by all hymenopterists, and may change as more phylogenetic evidence is accumulated.<ref name=waspwebClass>[https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Classification of Afrotropical Hymenoptera (Wasps, Bees, Ants). www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> {{Clade|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85% |label1=Apocrita |1={{Clade |label1=[[w:Parasitoida|Parasitoida]] |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Ceraphronoidea|Ceraphronoidea]] |2=[[w:Ichneumonoidea|Ichneumonoidea]] }} |label2=[[w:Proctotrupomorpha|Proctotrupomorpha]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Cynipoidea|Cynipoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Platygastroidea|Platygastroidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[African Arthropods/Chalcidoidea|Chalcidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Diaprioidea|Diaprioidea]] |2=[[w:Proctotrupoidea|Proctotrupoidea]] }} }} }} }} }} |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Evanioidea|Evanioidea]] |2=[[w:Stephanoidea|Stephanoidea]] }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Trigonaloidea|Trigonaloidea]] |label2=[[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chrysidoidea|Chrysidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Vespoidea|Vespoidea]] (potter, honey and social wasps) |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Pompiloidea|Pompiloidea]] (velvet ants, spider wasps and relatives) |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Thynnoidea|Thynnoidea]] |2=[[w:Tiphioidea|Tiphioidea]] }} }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Scolioidea|Scolioidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Formicoidea|Formicoidea]] (ants) |2=[[w:Apoidea|Apoidea]] (bees and related wasps) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} <br> ==Some common African Symphyta== <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Sawfly, Argidae 2021 12 19 12 39 42.jpg|Sawfly, ''Arge'' sp. (Argidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 11 21 0815.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 08 23 8964.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Sirex noctilio F (prof.).JPG|''Sirex noctilio'', a pest in ''Pinus'' plantations (introduced to Africa)<ref name=WaspWebSn>[https://www.waspweb.org/Siricoidea/Siricidae/Sirex/Sirex_noctilio.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: ''Sirex noctilio''. www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> </gallery> == Frequently reported African Apocrita == <br> [[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] (ants, bees and stinging wasps) are the most commonly observed Hymenoptera in Africa. There are many more photographs of [[African_Arthropods/Aculeata|African Aculeata]] on the web - See [https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm African Aculeata on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=326777 African Aculeata on iNaturalist] <br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Slender Ant (Tetraponera natalensis) (30538051244).jpg|Slender ant (Formicidae, Formicoidea) Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa inconstans, female) (6021534858).jpg|Female carpenter bee (Apidae, Apoidea) Chalybion 2019 12 02 2314.jpg|Blue mud-dauber wasp (Sphecidae, Apoidea) Bethylidae 2019 08 21 13 42 21 8760.jpg|Flat wasp (Bethylidae, Chrysidoidea) Belonogaster juncea colonialis, manlik, h, Pretoria.jpg|Paper wasp (Vespidae, Vespoidea) Meria 2020 08 12 2193.jpg|''Meria'' sp. female (Thynnidae, Thynnoidea) Dasylabris stimulatrix iNat37068107 2019 12 23 2990 W.jpg|''Dasylabris stimulatrix'', a velvet ant (Mutillidae, Pompiloidea) Pompilidae 2019 05 28 0247.jpg|Spider-hunting wasp (Pompilidae, Pompiloidea) Scoliid Wasp 2019 06 08 0492.jpg|Campsomerine wasp (Scoliidae, Scolioidea) </gallery><br> Darwin wasps ([[w:Ichneumonidae|Ichneumonidae]]) and braconids ([[w:Braconidae|Braconidae]]) are also frequently reported. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Ichneumonoidea/index.htm African Ichneumonoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=47200 African Ichneumonoidea on iNaturalist].<br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Echthromorpha agrestoria 2019 10 03 5572.jpg|''Echthromorpha agrestoria'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Ichneumonidae inat 88832241.jpg|''Goryphus tricolor'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Braconid Wasp (Archibracon servillei) (11857083186).jpg|Braconine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) 2019 09 15 12 55 07 Microgastrinae 38425632.jpg|Microgastrine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) </gallery><br> Small [[w:Chalcidoidea|chalcidoid]] parasitic wasps (especially those from the families [[w:Pteromalidae|Pteromalidae]], [[w:Chalcididae|Chalcididae]], [[w:Eulophidae|Eulophidae]], [[w:Eurytomidae|Eurytomidae]]) are also common. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/index.htm African Chalcidoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=69750 African Chalcidoidea on iNaturalist] <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Halticoptera 2019 11 26 2173Cedara.jpg|''Halticoptera'' sp. (Pteromalidae, Chalcidoidea) Brachymeria 2019 10 09 17 26 38 2520.jpg|''Brachymeria'' sp. (Chalcididae, Chalcidoidea) Eulophidae Inat 38422095 b.jpg|''Hemiptarsenus'' sp. (Eulophidae, Chalcidoidea) Eurytomidae00.jpg|Mating seed chalcids (Eurytomidae, Chalcidoidea) </gallery> == Links to stories == [https://www.elizabethmurray.us/eucharitid-ant-parasitoids.html Eucharitidae: ​The ant parasitoids]<br> [http://www.figweb.org/Interaction/index.htm Interaction of figs and fig wasps] [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00719.x Biology of Rhoophilus loewi (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae), with implications for the evolution of inquilinism in gall wasps] [http://www.filming-varwild.com/p-braconidae.html Videos of Microgastrine wasps parasitizing caterpillars in France] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9Tg_gq2JVk&ab_channel=ReYOUniverse Spider-hunting Wasps (Pompilidae) dragging spiders to their nests] == Resources == [http://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_wasps/index.htm WaspWeb] - A bioinformatics resource for wasps, bees and ants recorded from the [[w:Afrotropical|Afrotropical]] region. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268818231_Wasps_and_bees_in_southern_Africa Wasps and bees in southern Africa] - A 320-page book by Sarah and Friedrich Gess published by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) - free download. [[c:Hymenoptera of South Africa|Hymenoptera of South Africa]] - a gallery on Wikimedia Commons [[c:Chalcidoidea of South Africa|Chalcidoidea of South Africa]] - a gallery of [[w:Chalcid wasp|chalcid wasps]] on Wikimedia Commons [[c:Ichneumonidae of South Africa|Ichneumonidae of South Africa]] - a gallery of [[w:Ichneumonidae|Darwin wasps]] on Wikimedia Commons [https://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/citizen-science Microgastrinae Wasps of the World - Citizen Science] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:African Arthropods]] nc432acurhbciwmybip92kffyoe3m0r 2688791 2688789 2024-11-25T13:08:42Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Classification */ 2688791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navigation |title = African Hymenoptera |body = ;[[African Arthropods/Hymenoptera|Hymenoptera]] :[[African Arthropods/Chalcidoidea|African Chalcidoidea]] :*[[African Arthropods/Encyrtidae|African Encyrtidae]] :*[[African Arthropods/Chalcid wasps with branched antennae|African chalcid wasps with branched antennae]] :[[African Arthropods/Aculeata|African Aculeata]] :*[[African Arthropods/Philanthus|South African species of Philanthus]] }} About 20 000 described species of [[w:Hymenoptera|Hymenoptera]] (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) are known from the [[w:Afrotropical|Afrotropical]] region. Estimates of the actual species count for the region range from 100 000 species to as high as 500 000 species.<ref name=WaspWebOverview>[https://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Afrotropical Hymenoptera Initiative. www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_Hymenoptera_book/Background_and_Motivation.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> Nineteen different superfamilies are illustrated in [[User:Alandmanson/Hymenoptera of southern Africa|this gallery]] in Wikimedia Commons. The huge number of undescribed species means that many species will be extinct before we are even aware of them, as there are too few taxonomists employed to tackle the task of describing all of them in the next few decades. ==Classification== The Order can be split into two Suborders - The [[w:Symphyta|Symphyta]] (Woodwasps, Horntails, Sawflies) and the [[w:Apocrita|Apocrita]] (Narrow-waisted wasps, ants and bees).<br> When compared to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, the diversity of Symphyta in Africa is relatively poor, although sawflies of the Superfamily [[w:Tenthredinoidea|Tenthredinoidea]] are fairly common in forests and other woody vegetation types. Afrotropical Symphyta comprise 4 superfamilies:<ref name=waspwebClass/> *Cephoidea - Afrotropical fauna restricted to two species of ''Athetocephus'' (Cephidae) from Madagascar. *Orussoidea - Five genera of wood wasps (Orussidae) are known from Africa. *Siricoidea - Two genera of wood wasps (Siricidae) are known from Africa. *Tenthredinoidea - Three families of sawflies are known from Africa: **Argidae (Argid sawflies) **Athaliidae (Torpedo sawflies) **Tenthredinidae (Common sawflies) Africa has a rich diversity of Apocrita. The cladogram shown below<ref name=Peters>{{Cite journal |last1=Peters |first1=Ralph S. |last2=Krogmann |first2=Lars |last3=Mayer |first3=Christoph |last4=Donath |first4=Alexander |last5=Gunkel |first5=Simon |last6=Meusemann |first6=Karen |last7=Kozlov |first7=Alexey |last8=Podsiadlowski |first8=Lars |last9=Petersen |first9=Malte |title=Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera |journal=Current Biology |volume=27 |issue=7 |pages=1013–1018 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027|pmid=28343967 |year=2017 |doi-access=free }}</ref> indicates the possible relationships between 11 of the superfamilies that comprise Apocrita; These 11 superfamilies are all represented in Africa. This breakdown is used by iNaturalist.<ref name=inat-Aculeata>https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/326777-Aculeata</ref> It is, however, not accepted by all hymenopterists, and may change as more phylogenetic evidence is accumulated.<ref name=waspwebClass>[https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: Classification of Afrotropical Hymenoptera (Wasps, Bees, Ants). www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> {{Clade|style=font-size:85%; line-height:85% |label1=Apocrita |1={{Clade |label1=[[w:Parasitoida|Parasitoida]] |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Ceraphronoidea|Ceraphronoidea]] |2=[[w:Ichneumonoidea|Ichneumonoidea]] }} |label2=[[w:Proctotrupomorpha|Proctotrupomorpha]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Cynipoidea|Cynipoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Platygastroidea|Platygastroidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[African Arthropods/Chalcidoidea|Chalcidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Diaprioidea|Diaprioidea]] |2=[[w:Proctotrupoidea|Proctotrupoidea]] }} }} }} }} }} |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Evanioidea|Evanioidea]] |2=[[w:Stephanoidea|Stephanoidea]] }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Trigonaloidea|Trigonaloidea]] |label2=[[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Chrysidoidea|Chrysidoidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Vespoidea|Vespoidea]] (potter, honey and social wasps) |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=[[w:Pompiloidea|Pompiloidea]] (velvet ants, spider wasps and relatives) |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Thynnoidea|Thynnoidea]] |2=[[w:Tiphioidea|Tiphioidea]] }} }} |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Scolioidea|Scolioidea]] |2={{Clade |1=[[w:Formicoidea|Formicoidea]] (ants) |2=[[w:Apoidea|Apoidea]] (bees and related wasps) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} <br> ==Some common African Symphyta== <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Sawfly, Argidae 2021 12 19 12 39 42.jpg|Sawfly, ''Arge'' sp. (Argidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 11 21 0815.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Athalia 2019 08 23 8964.jpg|Sawfly, ''Athalia'' sp. (Tenthredinidae, Superfamily Tenthredinoidea) Sirex noctilio F (prof.).JPG|''Sirex noctilio'', a pest in ''Pinus'' plantations (introduced to Africa)<ref name=WaspWebSn>[https://www.waspweb.org/Siricoidea/Siricidae/Sirex/Sirex_noctilio.htm van Noort, Simon (2023). WaspWeb: ''Sirex noctilio''. www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm Retrieved 22 February 2023.]</ref> </gallery> == Frequently reported African Apocrita == <br> [[w:Aculeata|Aculeata]] (ants, bees and stinging wasps) are the most commonly observed Hymenoptera in Africa. There are many more photographs of [[African_Arthropods/Aculeata|African Aculeata]] on the web - See [https://www.waspweb.org/Classification/index.htm African Aculeata on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=326777 African Aculeata on iNaturalist] <br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Slender Ant (Tetraponera natalensis) (30538051244).jpg|Slender ant (Formicidae, Formicoidea) Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa inconstans, female) (6021534858).jpg|Female carpenter bee (Apidae, Apoidea) Chalybion 2019 12 02 2314.jpg|Blue mud-dauber wasp (Sphecidae, Apoidea) Bethylidae 2019 08 21 13 42 21 8760.jpg|Flat wasp (Bethylidae, Chrysidoidea) Belonogaster juncea colonialis, manlik, h, Pretoria.jpg|Paper wasp (Vespidae, Vespoidea) Meria 2020 08 12 2193.jpg|''Meria'' sp. female (Thynnidae, Thynnoidea) Dasylabris stimulatrix iNat37068107 2019 12 23 2990 W.jpg|''Dasylabris stimulatrix'', a velvet ant (Mutillidae, Pompiloidea) Pompilidae 2019 05 28 0247.jpg|Spider-hunting wasp (Pompilidae, Pompiloidea) Scoliid Wasp 2019 06 08 0492.jpg|Campsomerine wasp (Scoliidae, Scolioidea) </gallery><br> Darwin wasps ([[w:Ichneumonidae|Ichneumonidae]]) and braconids ([[w:Braconidae|Braconidae]]) are also frequently reported. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Ichneumonoidea/index.htm African Ichneumonoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=47200 African Ichneumonoidea on iNaturalist].<br> <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Echthromorpha agrestoria 2019 10 03 5572.jpg|''Echthromorpha agrestoria'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Ichneumonidae inat 88832241.jpg|''Goryphus tricolor'' (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumonoidea) Braconid Wasp (Archibracon servillei) (11857083186).jpg|Braconine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) 2019 09 15 12 55 07 Microgastrinae 38425632.jpg|Microgastrine wasp (Braconidae, Ichneumonoidea) </gallery><br> Small [[w:Chalcidoidea|chalcidoid]] parasitic wasps (especially those from the families [[w:Pteromalidae|Pteromalidae]], [[w:Chalcididae|Chalcididae]], [[w:Eulophidae|Eulophidae]], [[w:Eurytomidae|Eurytomidae]]) are also common. Links to [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/index.htm African Chalcidoidea on WaspWeb] and [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?place_id=97392&taxon_id=69750 African Chalcidoidea on iNaturalist] <gallery mode=packed heights=200> Halticoptera 2019 11 26 2173Cedara.jpg|''Halticoptera'' sp. (Pteromalidae, Chalcidoidea) Brachymeria 2019 10 09 17 26 38 2520.jpg|''Brachymeria'' sp. (Chalcididae, Chalcidoidea) Eulophidae Inat 38422095 b.jpg|''Hemiptarsenus'' sp. (Eulophidae, Chalcidoidea) Eurytomidae00.jpg|Mating seed chalcids (Eurytomidae, Chalcidoidea) </gallery> == Links to stories == [https://www.elizabethmurray.us/eucharitid-ant-parasitoids.html Eucharitidae: ​The ant parasitoids]<br> [http://www.figweb.org/Interaction/index.htm Interaction of figs and fig wasps] [https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00719.x Biology of Rhoophilus loewi (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Cynipidae), with implications for the evolution of inquilinism in gall wasps] [http://www.filming-varwild.com/p-braconidae.html Videos of Microgastrine wasps parasitizing caterpillars in France] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9Tg_gq2JVk&ab_channel=ReYOUniverse Spider-hunting Wasps (Pompilidae) dragging spiders to their nests] == Resources == [http://www.waspweb.org/Afrotropical_wasps/index.htm WaspWeb] - A bioinformatics resource for wasps, bees and ants recorded from the [[w:Afrotropical|Afrotropical]] region. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268818231_Wasps_and_bees_in_southern_Africa Wasps and bees in southern Africa] - A 320-page book by Sarah and Friedrich Gess published by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) - free download. [[c:Hymenoptera of South Africa|Hymenoptera of South Africa]] - a gallery on Wikimedia Commons [[c:Chalcidoidea of South Africa|Chalcidoidea of South Africa]] - a gallery of [[w:Chalcid wasp|chalcid wasps]] on Wikimedia Commons [[c:Ichneumonidae of South Africa|Ichneumonidae of South Africa]] - a gallery of [[w:Ichneumonidae|Darwin wasps]] on Wikimedia Commons [https://microgastrinae.myspecies.info/content/citizen-science Microgastrinae Wasps of the World - Citizen Science] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:African Arthropods]] nmsajiqb43e77z58cxsvhivgmahuzft 2 289892 2688804 2688754 2024-11-25T13:45:15Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Created pages */ +One man's look at upper ontology 2688804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel: cs|en-3|de-2|sk-1|ru-1}} Dan Polansky is described in more detail at [[Meta:User:Dan Polansky]]. He is trained in computer science, earned money as a programmer and software engineer, and loves real philosophy and stubborn independent attempt to think clearly. He spent an inordinate time documenting mainly Czech vocabulary in the English Wiktionary, a job truly for a harmless drudge rather than a philosopher proper, but maybe it is like painting a hedge in The Karate Kid, an activity preparatory for philosophy in some sense. Dan Polansky is a curator (quasi-administrator capable of deleting pages) of the English Wikiversity. ==Why Wikiversity== Above all, Wikiversity allows original research, unlike Wikipedia (and probably unlike Wikibooks). Wikiversity does not require content to be encyclopedic, unlike Wikipedia. There is in general more freedom in how one ''gestalts'' (designs, shapes, makes up) the page/pages. Moreover: * If one wants to trace every single sentence to a source, one can. * If one prefers itemized bullet points (discouraged on Wikipedia, which favors paragraphs), one can. * If one has a paragraph of original deliberation not tracing to sources, one can have it. * If one wants to include more material than would be ''encyclopedic'', one can, including various interesting lists, nested lists, tables, etc. * If one dislikes having one's text mercilessly modified by anyone who comes along, whether anonymous IP editors and qualitatively unidentified editors (no education, job experience, age or other similar identification), one has the option of writing and editing one's own article. See also [[Is Wikiversity a project worth having?]]. ==Originality== The contributions of Dan Polansky are original in the sense of author law: they are original formulations, original sequences of words that form phrases, clauses and sentences. By contrast, the ideas expressed in the formulations are often unoriginal, stemming from one of the books that Dan Polansky has read and that are identified below, or from a YouTube video such as a debate. Some ideas stem from face-to-face interactions with people, including relatives, friends, colleagues and teachers. The original contribution of Dan Polansky as for ideas is for the historians to identify. ==Created pages== Selected created pages, whether articles or debates (see also [https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pages/en.wikiversity.org/Dan%20Polansky xtools report]): * COVID-19 ** [[COVID-19/All-cause deaths]] -- amazing highly instructive graphs generated with the use of Python that hardly anyone views, given the page views ** [[COVID-19/Dan Polansky]] ** [[COVID-19 related censorship]] ** [[Review of Tomas Pueyo's articles on COVID-19 management]] * Technology, its ethics, threat, and limits ** [[Technology as a threat or promise for life and its forms]] ** [[The limits of technological potential]] ** [[The limits of progress]] ** [[History of cornucopian thought]] ** [[Technosphere]] ** [[Saving the Earth]] ** [[A look at the philosophy of Josef Šmajs]] * Philosophy, psychology, miscellaneous ** [[Hedonism (Polansky)]] ** [[A human as multiple persons]] ** [[The burden of history in the design of functional entities]] ** [[Mind Children]] and [[Hans Moravec]] ** [[Concept]] and [[Concept clarification]] ** [[Donald Cameron's The Purpose of Life]] ** [[Transgenderism (Polansky)]] ** [[Qualitative consensus]] ** [[Defamation law in Czechia]] ** [[One man's look at the debate format in Wikiversity]] ** [[All Life is Problem Solving]] ** [[An analysis of identity]] ** [[An analysis of truth]] ** [[An analysis of reality]] ** [[A pictorial guide to asset price history]] ** [[Discrete-time dynamical system orbit diagram]] ** [[Mandelbrot set along the real axis and the orbits]] ** [[Mandelbrot set as a model for the concept of approximation]] ** [[Variations of the Mandelbrot set]] ** [[Original research on Wikimedia projects]] ** [[One man's look at copyright law]] ** [[One man's look at The Hacker's Diet]] ** [[An application of computability theory to epistemology in Popperian spirit]] ** [[A purpose of life: The power of living things]] ** [[Crafting Your Life Program]] ** [[Czech national identity]] ** [[One man's manual calculation exercises]] ** [[An analysis of counting and countability]] ** [[An analysis of the word program and its concepts]] ** [[A human as a biological robot]] ** [[Life expectancy in schizophrenia]] ** [[Life expectancy in bipolar disorder]] ** [[Bipolar disorder and psychosis]] ** [[Survivalism]] ** [[An analysis of the concept of algorithm]] ** [[Deadly Psychiatry and Organised Denial]] ** [[One man's look at the categorical imperative]] ** [[An analysis of the concept of person]] ** [[Developing a Universal Religion, a review]] ** [[One man's look at the arrow of time]] ** [[What is ethics]] ** [[The acceptability of the use of the Church-Turing thesis in mathematical proofs]] ** [[One man's look at upper ontology]] * Software and computing ** [[FreeMind]] ** [[Comparison of Python and Perl]] ** [[AMOS programming language]] ** [[One man's look at C and C++]] ** [[Atari BASIC programming]] ** [[Learning 6502 assembly]] ** [[ABAP programming]] ** [[One man's look at generative artificial intelligence]] * Linguistics, with possible philosophical component or aspect: ** [[Proper name]] ** [[Explication of modalities]] ** [[Elimination of dead metaphor from writing]] ** [[English as a hybrid Romance-Germanic language (Polansky)]] ** [[Compound (linguistics)]] ** [[Thesaurus (information retrieval)]] ** [[Thesaurus (lexicography)]] ** [[Slovak-Czech dissimilar terms]] ** [[Czech Wiktionary]] ** [[Czech diminutive]] ** [[Czech verb morphological productivity]] ** [[Czech dictionaries]] ** [[Word coinage during Czech National Revival]] ** [[One man's look at English]] ** [[One man's look at the design of dictionary definitions]] ** [[One man's look at Czech]] * Many [[Wikidebate]]s ** [[Are wikidebates a good thing?]] ** [[Should Mill's harm principle be accepted?]] ** [[Should cryptocurrencies be banned?]] ** [[Should we aim to reduce the Earth population?]] ** [[Is Wikipedia consensus process good?]] ** [[Is collapse of the global civilization before year 2100 likely?]] ** [[Can electric cars significantly help humanity get off fossil fuels?]] ** Etc.; see [[:Category:Wikidebates]] ** Also about Wikidebates: [[One man's look at the debate format in Wikiversity]] ==Books in library== Selected philosophical books in Dan Polansky's library, in physical form: * Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance by Pirsig * Lila by Pirsig * Guidebook to Guidebook to Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance by DiSanto and Steele * Gödel, Escher, Bach by Hofstadter * Metamagical Themas by Hofstadter * Alles Leben ist Problemlösen by Popper (in German) * The Open Society and Its Enemies by Popper (volume 1: The Spell of Plato; volume 2: Hegel and Marx) * Conjectures and Refutations by Popper * Proofs and Refutations by Lakatos * The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Kuhn * Word and Object by Quine * Čtyři důvody pro zrušení televize by Mander, in Czech; original title: Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television * In the Absence of the Sacred by Mander * Meaning and Necessity by Kripke * Mind Children by Moravec (arguably a book with a strong philosophical component) * How the Mind Works by Pinker (although primarily a work of evolutionary psychology, there is a strong philosophical component) * Darwin's Dangerous Idea by Dennett * Cultural Software by Balkin * Out of Control by Kelly * Cybernetics by Wiener * What is Life by Schrödinger * Zen in the Art of Archery by Herrigel * A New Introduction to Modal Logic by Hughes and Cresswell * Moral Calculations by Mérö * Against Method by Feyerabend (largely nonsense) * The Conquest of Happiness by Russell * What Do You Say After You Say Hello by Berne (officially a work of psychology, but seems philosophical enough) * Hen's Teeth and Horse's Toes by Gould * Dialogue Concerning the two Chief World Systems by Galilei * The Purpose of Life by Cameron * The Greeks by Kitto * The Value of Science by Poincaré * The Society of Mind by Minsky * A přesto říci životu ano by Frankl, in Czech (the English title: Man's Search for Meaning) * Sociology, 6th edition, by Calhoun et al. * Cybernetics by Wiener -- arguably philosophical * Introduction to Cybernetics by Ashby -- arguably philosophical * Saturnin by Jirotka -- a Czech comic novel that is arguably somewhat philosophical * Only the Paranoid Survive by Grove -- only read, but not in my personal library * Analytische Theorien der Metaphen[https://is.muni.cz/th/d6lfa/Analytische_Theorien_der_Metapher.pdf] by Mácha (Candidate English title: Analytical theories of metaphor. * Steps to an Ecology of Mind by Bateson * Selfish Gene by Dawkins * Snad ti nedělají starosti cizí názory by Feynmann, in Czech (the English title: "What Do You Care What Other People Think?") * To snad nemyslíte vážně, pane Feynmanne! by Feynmann, in Czech (the English title: Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!) * O povaze fyzikálních zákonů by Feynmann, in Czech (the English title: The Character of Physical Law) * Programátorské poklesky by Kopeček and Kučera, in Czech -- has many philosophically interesting quotations Philosophers who would appear to be properly classified as pseudo-philosophers: Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Jaspers, Heidegger, Foucault, etc. Kant is perhaps somewhat unfairly on the list, but someone who claims that lying is strictly prohibited in all circumstances and that the knowledge of Newton's laws is a priori (pre-empirical) thereby creates an unfavorable impression. As for Foucault, I have read {{W|The Order of Things}} in Czech (Slova a věci) and I could not tell what in the world he was talking about, like what problems he was trying to address and what solutions he offered; it was "not even wrong", as they say. Dictionaries: * Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, with a beautiful middle section showing a picture dictionary * Penguin Thesaurus, a synonym dictionary * Czech Etymological Dictionary by Rejzek However, I use online dictionaries much more than those above. Self-help and other non-philosophical books: * The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Covey * Living the 7 Habits by Covey * How to Stop Worrying and Start Living by Carnegie -- some bad ideas, but also many good ideas * How to Win Friends and Influence People by Carnegie -- some bad ideas, but also many good ideas * Your Erroneous Zones by Dyer Tolkien, arguably somewhat philosophical: * The Hobbit, in Czech * The Lord of the Rings, in Czech (read in English long time ago when I was a teenager and at that point, it was a hard reading) * Silmarillion, in Czech ==Books read== Selected books read that have philosophical, scientific or similar impact, other than those in [[#Books in library|Books in library]] section: * Economics by Samuelson and Nordhaus * The C++ Programming Language, 3rd edition, by Stroustrup, showing Stroustrup to be a great thinker * Usability Engineering by Nielsen ==Online authoritative text resources== Online authoritative text resources that I used during my philosophical and other investigations: * [https://plato.stanford.edu/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (SEP), plato.stanford.edu * [https://iep.utm.edu/ Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy], iep.utm.edu -- seems less excellent than SEP but still often worth having a look * [[Wikisource: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]], especially [[Wikisource: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Classified List of Articles#Philosophy and Psychology]], a section for which I created many articles in Wikisource ==YouTube videos== Some ideas stem from YouTube debates viewed or other videos: * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZRcYaAYWg4 The Catholic Church is a Force for Good in the World] featuring Hitchens, Fry, Onaiyekan and Widdecombe * Etc; TBD. Debaters: * Christopher Hitchens, the ultimate debater * Richard Dawkins * Steven Pinker ==Films/movies== Films/movies rich in intellectual ideas and fun, from which possibly some ideas are being drawn: * {{W|12 Angry Men (1957 film)}} - shows the idea that a lone opposer stubbornly trying to think clearly and carefully examine the strength of the reasoning and evidence can turn the sides of supports and opposes around * [[Wikipedia:The Boss of it All|The Boss of it All]] (Direktøren for det hele, Danish), including the ultimate Gambini, with whom the film starts and ends, staring the spectacular [[W:Jens Albinus|Jens Albinus]], and in some frames also the amazing director Lars von Trier (although many of his films are a bit too drastic) * [[Wikipedia:District 9|District 9]], e.g. the funny name MNU: Multi-National United or the like, the ultimate evil über-corporate, and the incredibly funny main character Wikus van de Merwe, who is a cowardly and nasty little officer or something, an entity many of us have in our psyche * [[Wikipedia:Adam's Apples|Adam's Apples]] (Adams Æbler, Danish), e.g. the funny quasi-corporate manager doing an analog of performance goal setting and über-positive thinker (Christopher, go to the father's office) Ivan; Ivan is also an ultimate provocateur in his "is this a good looking man; is it your father", when referring to a picture of Hitler in Adam's (the nazi's) room; Ivan is played by the great [[W:Mads Mikkelsen|Mads Mikkelsen]], and other actors are also excellent * [[Wikipedia:Box of Moonlight|Box of Moonlight]], somewhat reminiscent of Pirsig's contrast between classic and romantic, featuring a very responsible engineer and family man Al Fountain and a hippie or worse Kid, featuring the great {{W|John Turturro}} and {{W|Sam Rockwell}} ==Frequently viewed pages== The following report shows most often viewed pages created by me: * [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/userviews/?project=en.wikiversity.org Userviews Analysis for Dan Polansky, en.wikiversity.org], pageviews.wmcloud.org ==Policies and guidelines== See [[:User:Dan Polansky/Policies and guidelines]] ==About Wikiversity== See [[:User:Dan Polansky/About Wikiversity]] ==Subpages== {{Subpages/List}} 2tibhrac7fmmvn4jd42wba1r5m5i780 0 294848 2688808 2638528 2024-11-25T15:53:21Z Alandmanson 1669821 moved image 2688808 wikitext text/x-wiki The megadiverse Superfamily Chalcidoidea has more than 22 000 described species (>2 800 in Africa) and there may be as many as 500 000 undescribed species. Most of these are tiny (less than 3 mm long), and are parasites of a wide variety of insects, spiders and mites, but some chalcidoid larvae eat plant material (in galls or seeds).<ref name=Noyes2003>Noyes, J.S. and Pitkin, B.R. 2003. Universal Chalcidoidea Database: About chalcidoids. The Natural History Museum, London. [https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/chalcidoids/introduction.html]</ref><ref name=vanNoort2023>van Noort, Simon (2023) WaspWeb: Hymenoptera of the Afrotropical region. www.waspweb.org, accessed on 9 May 2023.</ref> [[File:South African chalcidoid wasps in 9 new families 2023.jpg|thumb|600px|South African Chalcidoid wasps moved to new (2018-2022) families: ''Metapelmus'' sp. from Eupelmidae to Metapelmatidae<ref name=BurksEtAl>{{Cite Q|Q115923766}}</ref>; ''Bohpa maculata'' from Pteromalidae to Ceidae<ref name=BurksEtAl>{{Cite Q|Q115923766}}</ref>; ''Spalangia'' sp. from Pteromalidae to Spalangiidae<ref name=BurksEtAl>{{Cite Q|Q115923766}}</ref>; ''Spathopus'' sp. from Pteromalidae to Pirenidae<ref name=BurksEtAl>{{Cite Q|Q115923766}}</ref>; ''Aperilampus'' sp. from Perilampidae to Chrysolampidae <ref name=Zhang2022>Zhang, J., Heraty, J. M., Darling, C., Kresslein, R. L., Baker, A. J., Torréns, J., Rasplus, J. Y., Lemmon A. & Moriarty Lemmon, E. (2022). Anchored phylogenomics and a revised classification of the planidial larva clade of jewel wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology, 47(2), 329-353. [https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12533 DOI]</ref>; ''Megastigmus transvaalensis'' from Torymidae to Megastigmidae<ref name=Janšta2018>Janšta, P., Cruaud, A., Delvare, G., Genson, G., Heraty, J., Křížková, B. and Rasplus, J.Y. (2018). Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) revised: molecular phylogeny, circumscription and reclassification of the family with discussion of its biogeography and evolution of life‐history traits. Cladistics, 34(6), pp.627-651. [https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12228 DOI]</ref>; ''Lelaps'' or ''Dipara'' sp. from Pteromalidae to Diparidae<ref name=BurksEtAl>{{Cite Q|Q115923766}}</ref>; ''Lachaisea brevimucro'' from Pteromalidae to Epichrysomallidae<ref name=BurksEtAl>{{Cite Q|Q115923766}}</ref>; and ''Solenura nigra'' from Pteromalidae to Lyciscidae<ref name=BurksEtAl>{{Cite Q|Q115923766}}</ref>.]] Before 2018, these species were placed in about 19 accepted families. However, over the past few decades, a host of studies investigating their biology, their morphology, and their DNA have suggested that many more families should be recognized. In 2022 a group of wasp taxonomists agreed to recognize about 50 families worldwide.<ref name=BurksEtAl>{{Cite Q|Q115923766}}</ref> Macro photography has allowed non-scientists a view into the world of these minute creatures, but learning more about them is a challenge. Even with high-quality macro photographs of free-flying wasps, expert hymenopterists are unable to identify most chalcidoids to species or genus level. Nevertheless, with the help of the specialists that contribute identifications on iNaturalist and [https://www.facebook.com/groups/HymenopteristsForum88/ Hymenopterists Forum], it has been possible to put together this page, illustrated with photographs of live wasps from 23 of the 35-odd chalcidoid families known in Africa; it is supplemented with photos of museum specimens from another four families.<br> <br> Many more images (mostly of museum specimens, including type specimens) can be found on [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/index.htm WaspWeb]. This includes photos of wasps from the following families not shown here: [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/Azotidae/index.htm Azotidae], [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/Cleonymidae/index.htm Cleonymidae], [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/Herbertiidae/index.htm Herbertiidae], [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/Heydeniidae/index.htm Heydeniidae], [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/Neanastatidae/index.htm Neanastatidae], and [https://www.waspweb.org/Chalcidoidea/Tanaostigmatidae/index.htm Tanaostigmatidae].<br> <br> ===[[w:Agaonidae|Agaonidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Agaonidae_2019_10_02_10_18_49_5304.jpg |''Ceratosolen galili'' female Agaonidae 2019 10 10 10 17 37 3249b.jpg |''Elisabethiella comptoni'' female Agaonidae 2019 10 10 10 46 58 3485.jpg |''Elisabethiella comptoni'' male </gallery> ===[[w:Aphelinidae|Aphelinidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Aphelinidae 2022 05 19 3300.jpg|''[[w:Eretmocerus|Eretmocerus]]'' sp. </gallery> ===[[w:Calesidae|Calesidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Cales 2023 07 01 iN 171704435.jpg|''Cales'' sp.; female Cales 2023 07 01 iN 171706452.jpg|''Cales'' sp.; male </gallery> ===[[w:Ceidae|Ceidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Bohpa 01 Mitroiu 2016.jpg|''Bohpa maculata'', female Bopha 02 Mitroiu 2016.jpg|''Bohpa maculata'', female </gallery> ===[[w:Cerocephalidae|Cerocephalidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Cerocephalidae 2023 06 05 iNat166277117 01.jpg Cerocephalidae 2023 06 05 iNat166277117 02.jpg </gallery> ===[[:w:Chalcididae|Chalcididae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Brachymeria 2019 10 09 17 26 38 2520.jpg|''Brachymeria'' sp. Dirhinus 2019 07 28 7032.jpg|''Dirhinus'' sp. Epitranus 2019 06 05 1831 Ced.jpg |''Epitranus'' sp. Hockeria sp inat140473878 Jonathan Whitaker Oct 29, 2022.jpg </gallery> ===[[:w:Chrysolampidae|Chrysolampidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Aperilampus sp.00.jpg|''Aperilampus'' sp., male Aperilampus 2019 05 09 7697.jpg|''Aperilampus'' sp., female </gallery> ===[[:w:Diparidae|Diparidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Diparidae 2022 11 02 8329.jpg|Probably ''Lelaps'' sp. or ''Dipara'' sp. (male) </gallery> ===[[:w:Encyrtidae|Encyrtidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Aenasius 2019 08 25 9691.jpg |''Aenasius'' sp. Homalotylus 2019 08 16 8521.jpg|''Homalotylus'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Epichrysomallidae|Epichrysomallidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Lachaisea brevimucro 2022 06 26 11 06 44.jpg|''Lachaisea brevimucro'' </gallery> ===[[:w:Eucharitidae|Eucharitidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Hydrorhoa stevensoni iNat139715984 2022 10 12 5521.jpg|''Hydrorhoa stevensoni'', male Stilbula 2020 01 02 9092.jpg |''Stilbula'' sp., female Mateucharis glabra 2022 05 19 3435.jpg|''Mateucharis glabra'', male </gallery> ===[[:w:Eulophidae|Eulophidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Eulophinae 2019 06 10 16 16 23 1167.jpg |Subfamily Eulophinae (Unidentified) Pediobius 2020 01 18 5090 PPot.jpg |''Pediobius'' sp. Tetrastichinae 2019 06 04 1502.jpg |Subfamily Tetrastichinae (Unidentified) Neotrichoporoides 2019 08 20 8905.jpg |''Neotrichoporoides'' sp. Neotrichoporoides 2019 06 28 4331.jpg |''Neotrichoporoides'' sp. Eulophidae Inat 38422095 b.jpg|''Hemiptarsenus'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Eupelmidae|Eupelmidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Pentacladia 2019 08 04 7557.jpg |''Pentacladia'' sp. Eupelmus 2019 08 16 8466.jpg |''Eupelmus'' sp. Eupelmidae 2020 01 01 15 26 12 7925 G.jpg |''Eupelmidae'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Eurytomidae|Eurytomidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Eurytomidae00.jpg|Subfamily Eurytominae (Unidentified) Sycophila 2019 07 06 0705.jpg |''Sycophila'' sp. Sycophila 2019 08 24.jpg |''Sycophila'' sp. Eurytominae 2019 10 08 17 12 49 0944Shi.jpg |Subfamily Eurytominae (Unidentified) </gallery> ===[[:w:Leucospidae|Leucospidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Micrapion 2019 07 28 6711.jpg |''Micrapion'' sp. Leucospis 2019 09 03 1195.jpg |''Leucospis'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Lyciscidae|Lyciscidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Solenura 2019 10 08 0781Shi.jpg|''Solenura nigra'' Solenura 2019 10 08 0786Shi.jpg|''Solenura nigra'' </gallery> ===[[:w:Megastigmidae|Megastigmidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> File:Megastigmus.jpg|''Megastigmus transvaalensis'' </gallery> ===[[:w:Metapelmatidae|Metapelmatidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Metapelma 2019 12 24 3471 C.jpg |''Metapelma'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Mymaridae|Mymaridae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Mymaridae 2021 12 12 10 44 20.jpg|''Polymema'' sp. Mymaridae 2022 05 15 12 32 49.jpg|''Polymema'' sp. or ''Acmopolynema'' sp. Polynema sagittaria (10.3897-zookeys.783.26872) Figure 1A.jpg |''Polynema sagittaria'' </gallery> ===[[:w:Ormyridae|Ormyridae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Ormyrus iNat90764688.jpg|''Ormyrus'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Perilampidae|Perilampidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Perilampus 2019 07 09 15 00 54 1165.jpg|''Perilampus'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Pirenidae|Pirenidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> File:Pirenidae 160886456 04.jpg|''Spathopus'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Pteromalidae|Pteromalidae ]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Halticoptera 2019 11 26 2173Cedara.jpg |''Halticoptera'' sp. Philocaenus_rotundus_2019_10_10_3433.jpg|''Seres rotundus'' Otitesella 2019 08 25 32467865 9382.jpg|''Otitesella'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Signiphoridae|Signiphoridae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Signiphora flavella Woolley & Dal Molin 2017.jpg|''Signiphora flavella'' </gallery> ===[[:w:Spalangiidae|Spalangiidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Spalangia 2019 11 22 1217 Cedara.jpg |''Spalangia'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Systasidae|Systasidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Systasis 29313948-78.jpg|''Systasis'' sp. Systasis 38824978-07.jpg|''Systasis'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Tetracampidae|Tetracampidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Afrocampe prinslooi Gumovsky 2018.jpg|''Afrocampe prinslooi'' </gallery> ===[[:w:Torymidae|Torymidae ]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Torymidae_2019_12_25_3502.jpg |Family Torymidae (unidentified) Podagrion 2019 07 03 5701.jpg |''Podagrion'' sp. Ecdamua 2019 12 30 7386 Cedara.jpg |''Ecdamua'' sp. Pseudotorymus_2019_07_28_6571.jpg |''Pseudotorymus'' sp. </gallery> ===[[:w:Trichogrammatidae|Trichogrammatidae]]=== <gallery mode=packed heights=300> Poropoea africana Laudonia 2017.jpg|''Poropoea africana'' </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:African Arthropods]] j02j3xjimh7xa788grtxgn3da6chtnr 1 298467 2688860 2614820 2024-11-26T03:28:30Z 156.202.42.142 Undo all revisions. Resource is empty, but not [[Wikiversity:Deletions|deleted]]. 2688860 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 300278 2688903 2625490 2024-11-26T11:02:01Z Dan Polansky 33469 2688903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} What follows are intended to be Dan Polansky's lecture notes on computability theory, also known as recursion theory. They are published in the hope that they may be helpful for someone else as well as a learning resource. The initial plan to create a minimum functional artifact is to start with Luboš Brim's (who teaches computability) syllabus for computability theory course and create a set of links to relevant Wikipedia articles. Thus, one would learn by studying the Wikipedia articles one at a time. The plan is to then expand this page with lecture notes proper, but with the view that the purpose is not to duplicate Wikipedia; and thus, it would perhaps be in a bullet-point based outline-like matter; let us see. One aim is to link to excellent freely available lecture notes online. Luboš Brim's syllablus/course outline in Czech: * [https://is.muni.cz/predmet/1433/IA046?lang=cs&obdobi=8404 FI:IA046 Vyčíslitelnost - Informace o předmětu] Luboš Brim's textbook: * [https://www.fi.muni.cz/usr/brim/PS/vycislitelnost-skripta.pdf Vyčíslitelnost], fi.muni.cz -- available only within muni.cz domain (one would wish this was publicly available; one cannot earn so much money from that kind of textbook useful only for Czechs anyway, can one?) Jan Strejček's syllablus/course outline in Czech on a course preceding the above one, providing a mere introduction and combining it with computational complexity theory: * [https://is.muni.cz/predmet/1433/IB107?jazyk=cs FI:IB107 Vyčíslitelnost a složitost - Informace o předmětu] ==Wikipedia and Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy== Top Wikipedia articles/pages: * [[W: Computability theory]] * [[W: Category: Computability theory]] Wikipedia articles choice of which is based on Luboš Brim's syllabus/course outline, with an extension from Jan Strejček's outline: Preliminary course (Strejček) * [[W: Church–Turing thesis]] * [[W: Undecidable problem]] * [[W: Computable function]] * Partially decidable problem: see [[W: Recursively enumerable language]] Advanced course (Brim): * [[W: Rice's theorem]] * [[W: Recursive language]] * [[W: Recursively enumerable language]] (see also [[W:Computably enumerable set]]) * [[W: Creative and productive sets]] * [[W: Simple set]] (also covers immune set) * [[W: Kleene's recursion theorem]] (AKA Rogers's fixed-point theorem) * [[W: Arithmetical hierarchy]] (Kleene–Mostowski hierarchy) * [[W: Gödel's incompleteness theorems]] * [[W: Oracle machine]] * [[W: Analytical hierarchy]] * [[W: Post correspondence problem]] Other related Wikipedia articles: * [[W:Decidability (logic)]] * [[W:List of undecidable problems]] Relating Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) articles: * [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computability/ Computability and Complexity] * [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/recursive-functions/ Recursive functions] * [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/church-turing/ The Church-Turing Thesis] * [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/goedel-incompleteness/ Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems] ==Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability== Luboš Brim's course seems to be based on the book ''Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability'', captured in [[Wikidata:Q123002535|Wikidata]]. As per zbmath.org, the book syllabus is this: Recursive Functions. Unsolvable Problems. Purposes; Summary. Recursive Invariance. Recursive and Recursively Enumerable Sets. Reducibilities. One-one Reducibility: Many-one Reducibility; Creative Sets. Truth-table Reducibilities: Simple Sets. Turing Reducibility: Hypersimple Sets. Post's Problem; Incomplete Sets. The Recursion Theorem. Recursively Enumerable Sets as Lattice. Degrees of Unsolvability. The Arithmetical Hierarchy (Part I). Arithmetical Hierarchy (Part II). The Analytical Hierarchy. ==Deliberations== This section is for relating deliberations, possibly half-original ones. The computability theory should perhaps better be called incomputability theory. Since, it first slices functions from N to N into computable and incomputable. But then, it realizes that among those that are incomputable, some are ''more so''. This sounds like some kind of linguistic pun, but it is meant in earnest. Since, the set of incomputable functions is then sliced into those that are ''simple'' (technical term) and those that are not and the ''arithmetic hierarchy'' introduces another structure. One can ask whether the computability theory is really a part of the computer science or rather of the logic, as some sources indicate. Since, the theory has little to do with practical computing, given it drives its attention toward the finer structure of the space of incomputables. By contrast, the so-called complexity theory (arguably a misnomer) shows that some functions are more easily computable than others, so are in a sense ''more computable''. ==Further reading== * [https://books.google.com/books?id=kuSMEAAAQBAJ Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability]. Edited by Hartley Rogers. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. {{ISBN|0262680521}} -- this is indicated by Luboš Brim as a possible course reading * [https://archive.org/details/theoryofrecursiv00roge Theory of recursive functions and effective computability] by Rogers, H. (Hartley), 1967, archive.org -- access restricted; also [[Wikidata:Q123002535|at Wikidata]] * [https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/6-045j-automata-computability-and-complexity-spring-2011/pages/lecture-notes/ Automata, Computability, and Complexity], ocw.mit.edu -- rather different in scope * [https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/18-404j-theory-of-computation-fall-2020/pages/lecture-notes/ Theory of Computation], ocw.mit.edu -- rather different in scope, including complexity theory * [https://www.ktiml.mff.cuni.cz/KTIML-13.html Lecture notes] -- various lecture notes in computer science, some in English and some in Czech, ktiml.mff.cuni.cz * [https://www.ktiml.mff.cuni.cz/KTIML-13-version1-vycislitelnost.pdf Vyčíslitelnost], lecture notes from lectures by Antonín Kučera, compiled by Ladislav Strojil, in Czech, ktiml.mff.cuni.cz * [https://www.ktiml.mff.cuni.cz/KTIML-13-version1-computability_by_kyrylo_karlov.pdf Vyčíslitelnost], lecture notes from lectures by Antonín Kučera, compiled by Kyrylo Karlov, in Czech, ktiml.mff.cuni.cz * [http://statnice.dqd.cz/home:inf:in13 IN13 Vyčíslitelnost], Státnice na FI MUNI, statnice.dqd.cz, in Czech * [https://disi.unitn.it/~zunino/teaching/computability/computability.pdf Short Lecture Notes — Computability (2008–2013)], disi.unitn.it -- a different scope but there is some overlap * [https://michaellevet.github.io/Lecture_Notes.pdf Theory of Computation- Lecture Notes], michaellevet.github.io -- a very different scope but kind of nice as a refresher on selected topics in computer science * [http://www.cs.um.edu.mt/gordon.pace/Teaching/Complexity/notes-2003.pdf Course notes for Computability and Complexity], cs.um.edu.mt -- very different scope * [https://summit.plymouth.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/b38fa352-5e5d-4bb0-a855-30abbae90f53/content CS 3780: Theory of Computation], summit.plymouth.edu -- very different scope * [http://www.people.cs.uchicago.edu/~soare/History/compute.pdf Computability and Recursion] by Robert I. Soare * [http://www.people.cs.uchicago.edu/~soare/History/handbook.pdf The History and Concept of Computability] by Robert I. Soare * Edmund Weitz video in German (would be excellent): none found * [https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~toni/Courses/438/Mynotes/page54.pdf Computability Theory], Notes(S. Cook and T. Pitassi), cs.toronto.edu/~toni -- computable function, Church's Thesis, recursive and recursively enumerable sets, reducibility, Rice’s theorem, Undecidable combinatorial problems [[Category:Computability theory]] e6fagtql8pfqmnldbez8mapslgyfc1j 0 302472 2688778 2688323 2024-11-25T12:29:03Z Lbeaumont 278565 Undo revision [[Special:Diff/2688323|2688323]] by [[Special:Contributions/152.22.75.23|152.22.75.23]] ([[User talk:152.22.75.23|talk]]) 2688778 wikitext text/x-wiki —Rebooting spiritual practice == Introduction == [[File:Night sky from Tony Grove Lake, United States.jpg|thumb|300px| We often [[Cherishing awe|wonder in awe]] what more there might be.]] {{TOC right | limit|limit=2}} People who are [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|seeking ''real good'']]<ref>The word “real” in the phrase “seeking real good” refers to objective [[w:Reality|reality]] as distinct from [[w:Imagination|imaginary]] or [[w:Fiction|fictional]] and is not a modifier such as “very”. I recognize that the majority of very good people hold religious beliefs. </ref> may be perplexed by the many [[w:Internal_consistency_of_the_Bible|inconsistencies]], [[Living Wisely/Advance no falsehoods|falsehoods]], and/or arbitrary claims of traditional [[w:Religion|religious]] [[w:Doctrine#Religious_usage|doctrine]] and [[w:Dogma|dogma]]. However, they may be reluctant to leave traditional religions because of the community, [[Moral Reasoning|moral guidance]], and [[Cherishing awe|sense of awe]] that these religions provide. [[w:Supernatural|Supernatural]] claims are central to traditional religions. This creates tension and [[w:Cognitive_dissonance|dissonance]] for people who are seeking real good but do not find such claims credible. However, leaving traditional religions can be challenging for various reasons, even for thoughtful and reflective individuals who are [[Seeking True Beliefs|seeking true beliefs]]. The difficulty often stems from a combination of psychological, social, emotional, and cultural factors. Perhaps you see yourself on this list of [[Real Good Religion/obstacles to leaving traditional religions|obstacles to leaving traditional religions]]. Fortunately, these obstacles can be overcome. == Objectives == This course offers an invitation and guidance to people who want to leave behind the anachronism, inconsistencies, divisiveness, and polarization of traditional religions and progress towards living a [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good life]]. This course suggests a path toward a ''real good religion''—deeply fulfilling experiences that do not rely on [[w:Supernatural|supernatural]] claims. Real good religion can help us [[Resolving Cognitive Dissonance|resolve cognitive dissonance]] and [[Finding Common Ground|find common ground]]. Although the topics in this course are presented sequentially, it is likely that you will wander through these topics and find your own path as you explore your journey toward a real good religion. A slide deck useful for presenting an overview of these materials [https://www.academia.edu/119124948/Real_Good_Religion is available on-line]. == Religion Through the Ages == The long history of [[w:Religion|religion]] reflects the enduring human quest for meaning, [[w:Transcendence_(philosophy)|transcendence]], and connection. Across cultures and epochs, religion has served as a source of comfort, guidance, and inspiration, shaping human values, institutions, and civilizations.<ref>[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Write an extended essay on the topic: ‘The long history of religion’”.</ref> While the expression of religious belief may vary widely, the underlying aspirations for spiritual fulfillment and [[Moral Reasoning|moral guidance]] remain fundamental to the human experience. As we navigate the complexities of the modern world, understanding the rich tapestry of religious history enables us to appreciate the diversity of human thought and experience, fostering [[Practicing Dialogue|dialogue]], empathy, and mutual respect across religious boundaries. The future evolution of religion unfolds as a multifaceted tapestry of continuity and change, shaped by the dynamic interplay of historical legacies, cultural dynamics, and technological innovations.<ref>[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Write an extended essay on the topic: ‘The future evolution of religion’”.</ref> As humanity embarks on the journey towards an uncertain future, the resilience of religious traditions and the creativity of spiritual seekers inspire hope for a world characterized by tolerance, compassion, and spiritual flourishing. By embracing diversity, fostering [[Practicing Dialogue|dialogue]], and cultivating a [[Cherishing awe|sense of awe]] and wonder, we can co-create a future where the quest for meaning transcends boundaries of creed, and culture. === Assignment === # Read the essay [[/The Enduring Tapestry: Exploring the Long History of Religion/]]. # Read the essay [[/Embracing Change: The Long and Ongoing Evolution of Religion/]]. # What do you foresee as the future of religion? == Progress Beyond Theism == If you are perplexed or [[w:Skepticism|skeptical]], and have begun to question the beliefs and teachings of the religion you were taught earlier in life, the [[Beyond Theism|beyond theism]] course may help you discover a helpful alternative. === Assignment === # Study the Wikiversity course [[Beyond Theism|Beyond theism]] # Progress beyond theism. == Align Your Worldview == Each of us holds a set of basic assumptions about how the world works. This is known as our ''[[Exploring Worldviews|worldview]]''. [[w:World_view|Worldviews]] are sets of beliefs and assumptions that describe reality. A worldview is a way of describing the universe and life within it, both in terms of ''what is'' and what ''ought to be''. Worldviews represent a person’s or a culture’s answers to fundamental [[Exploring Existential Concerns|existential questions]]. Our worldviews are deeply embedded within us. They are mental habits that form an important part of our identity. We are typically unaware of our worldviews, and they resist change. None-the-less, it is [[Wisdom|wise]] to [[Exploring Worldviews/Aligning worldviews|align your worldview]] with reality, as it is best understood. === Assignment === # [[Clear Thinking/Curriculum|Think Clearly]]. # Study the essay [[Facing Facts/Reality is our common ground|Reality is our common ground]]. # Learn [[w:Physics|physics]]. # Adopt a [[Global Perspective|global perspective]]. # Study [[w:Big_history|big history]]. # Learn [[Living Wisely#What Is|what is.]] # [[Exploring Worldviews/Aligning worldviews|Align your worldview]] with reality. # As your [[Thinking Scientifically#Understanding Evolves|understanding evolves]], continue to refine your worldview. == Well Founded Moral Reasoning == [[File:Compass rose browns 00.png|thumb|right| 250px|[[w:Moral_reasoning|Moral Reasoning]] is the thought process we go through to determine what we ought to do. ]] [[w:Moral_reasoning|Moral Reasoning]] is the thought process we go through to determine what we ought to do. Moral reasoning helps us decide what is right and what is wrong. Although many people rely on traditional religious teachings for moral guidance, many religious doctrines are narrowly conceived and provide archaic and obsolete moral guidance. No simple rule, list of commandments, formula, or outcome seems to adequately capture the complexities of moral reasoning. Instead, we need to rely on a toolkit that taken together provides guidance in a variety of situations. The [[Moral Reasoning|moral reasoning]] course presents the elements of the moral reasoning toolkit. === Assignment === # Compete the Wikiversity course on [[Moral Reasoning|moral reasoning]]. # Draw on your well-chosen moral reasoning toolkit to decide what you ought to do. # Do only what you ought to do. # Live the [[Virtues|moral virtues]]. == Cherish Awe == Experiences of awe are integral to many religious traditions. However, it is wise to distinguish between awesome experiences of reality, and fanciful stories and illusions of supernatural encounters. === Assignment === # Study the essay [[Cherishing awe/Reality is Awesome!|Reality is Awesome]]. # Study the essay [[Cherishing awe/An Awesome Big History of Religion|An Awesome Big History of Religion]]. # Study the essay [[Cherishing awe/Awesome Features of Traditional Religions|Awesome Features of Traditional Religion]]. ## Celebrate life with engaging [[Real Good Religion/secular celebrations and rituals|secular celebrations, rituals, ceremonies]], music, art, and natural setting. ## Embrace the awe of nature and the expanse of the universe. # Study the essay [[Cherishing awe/Awesome Charlatans|Awesome Charlatans]]. ## Escape the allure of charlatans. # Study this [[Cherishing awe/list of everyday awe|list of everyday awe]]. ## Welcome awe, savor awe, and [[Cherishing awe|cherish awe]] every day. # Enjoy magnificent music, [[Cherishing awe/Awesome Visual Art|art]], and [[Cherishing awe/Awesome Architectural Works|architecture]]. # Visit [[w:Museum|museums]]. Savor the exhibits. # Study the Wikiversity course [[Cherishing awe|Cherishing Awe]]. # Cherish awe. == Belong to a Community == Strengthen your [[w:Social_connection|social connections]] and find where you belong. === Assignment === # Study the Wikiversity course [[Creating Communities]]. #* Consider this [[w:List_of_irreligious_organizations|list of irreligious organizations]]. #* Join or create a community practicing real good religion. == Real Good Prayer == Secular alternatives to prayer encompass a range of practices and activities that are not rooted in religious beliefs but are aimed at promoting well-being, mindfulness, and reflection. Consider this list of [[/secular alternatives to prayer/]]. The sections below provide guidance in a range of real good practices that supersede traditional prayer and are unburdened by supernatural claims. === Find Equanimity === Finding ''[[w:Equanimity|equanimity]]'' allows you to remain calm and retain a wise perspective while experiencing the chaos and complexity of the world we live in. Assess this moment in perspective. Recognize that this moment is the faintest ripple in the fabric of the universe. ==== Assignment ==== # Study the Wikiversity course [[Finding Equanimity|Finding equanimity]] # Find equanimity. === Quiet your Mind === A quiet mind, and human wholeness, are available through controlling discursive thought and developing nondiscursive perception. Like learning to walk or to talk, using the mind well is a matter of patient repeated efforts. The [[Quiet Mind|Quiet mind]] course provides a simple method for controlling discursive thought; and for making nondiscursive awareness your primary perspective, through which discursivity is guided in creating a flourishing life and a flourishing Earth. ==== Assignment ==== # Study the Wikiversity course [[Quiet Mind|Quiet mind]] # Quiet your mind. # Choose appealing [[Guided Meditations|guided meditations]]. # Enjoy meditating. === Affirm your Gifts and Intentions === When we are alone, most people are almost constantly engaged in an intrapersonal dialogue within themselves. Inner speech is an important yet underrecognized aspect of how we humans work. In particular, major life decisions, including our important transitions and rites of passage, are formed by inner speech. Almost everything we do with our minds we do with inner speech. Reading, thought, decision making, self-regulation, action, memory, and conversation all draw on the processes of inner speech. Psychologists are demonstrating that inner speech helps us regulate our behavior, motivate ourselves for action, evaluate those actions, and even become conscious of our own selves. Because we spend so much time speaking to ourselves, it is helpful to choose inner speech that provides wise advice. ==== Assignment ==== # Choose [[Wise Affirmations|wise affirmations]] that acknowledge your gifts and reinforce your [[Wise Affirmations#Affirmations for Specific Goals|wise intentions]]. # [[Wise Affirmations#Forming Effective Affirmations|Form effective affirmations]]. # Talk [[Wisdom|wisely]] to yourself. # Silently repeat well-chosen affirmations often. === Increase Emotional Competency === [[Emotional Competency|Emotional competency]] is the skill to [[Recognizing Emotions|recognize]], [[Appraising Emotional Responses|interpret]], and respond constructively to emotions in yourself and others. Many believe that living life to its fullest requires experiencing and enjoying the full range of human emotions. Yet so many of us are uncomfortable with emotions; we don’t recognize what they are, what they are telling us, how they can be helpful, or the choices we have in how to respond to them. Many of us were taught to ignore, suppress, diminish, or deny our own subtle feelings and vivid passions. Do you know how you feel? Fortunately, we can learn to improve our emotional competency, enhance our life experience, lead a more fulfilling life, and contribute to our humanity. ==== Assignment ==== # Study the Wikiversity [[Emotional Competency]] curriculum. # Increase your emotional competency. === Pray for Peace === Reflect on these [[/32 secular prayers for peace/]]. You might enjoy choosing a different one each day of the month. === Exercise Agency === Move beyond [[w:Thoughts_and_prayers|thoughts and prayers]] and take effective action. Employ your [[What you can change and what you cannot#Agency|agency]] to attain well-chosen goals. ==== Assignment ==== # Decide [[Problem Finding|what you want to have happen]]. # Determine [[What you can change and what you cannot|what you can change and what you cannot change]]. # Exercise your [[What you can change and what you cannot#Agency|agency]] to [[Solving Problems|solve problems]] and progress toward your well-chosen goals. === Expressing Gratitude === You may be asked to “give the blessing” or “[[w:Grace_(prayer)|say grace]]” before thanksgiving dinner, before meals, or at some other occasion. Draw on this list of [[/secular blessings/]], or create your own reflections, to express gratitude, kindness, encouragement, grace, and good will. == Spiritual Development == [[w:Spiritual_practice|Spiritual practices]], including [[w:meditation|meditation]] and contemplation, are intended to develop an individual's inner life. Spiritual experiences include those of [[w:connectedness|connectedness]] with a larger reality, yielding a more comprehensive [[w:Self|self]]; with other individuals or the [[w:human|human]] [[w:community|community]]; with [[w:nature|nature]] or the [[w:cosmos|cosmos]]; or with an imagined [[w:Divinity|divine]] realm. Spirituality is often experienced as a source of inspiration or orientation in life. === Assignment === # Study the Wikiversity course [[What Matters/Spiritual Development|Spiritual Development]]. # Continue your spiritual growth. == Universals == Despite their diversity and pre-modern worldviews, the world’s religions teach several universal and enduring lessons for [[Living Wisely|living wisely]]. These are important elements of a real good religion. === Assignment === #Read the essay on [[/Universals/]]. #Focus on the [[Finding Common Ground|common ground]] that is [[Understanding Emergence|emerging]] from millennia of religious practice. == Explore Existential Questions == Everyone has important questions and legitimate concerns about their very existence. People often wonder, do I even matter? Strive for an accurate optimism while remaining curious. Keep in mind [[what you can change and what you cannot]]. === Assignment === # Study the Wikiversity course [[Exploring Existential Concerns|Exploring Existential Questions]]. # Stay curious as you continue to [[Seeking True Beliefs|seek true beliefs]]. == Practice Philosophy == [[w:Philosophy|Philosophy]] is literally “love of wisdom”. More practically, philosophy is what happens when we begin to think for ourselves.<ref>{{cite book|title=Fundamentals of Philosophy|last=Shand|first=John|date=June 5, 2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0415227094|pages=458|author-link=}}</ref> Because people who are [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|seeking real good]] think for themselves, it is useful to practice philosophy. === Assignment === # Be curious. # [[Knowing How You Know|Know how you know]]. # Continue to think for yourself. # Draw on the resources in this [[Wise Living Toolkit#Philosophy|Philosophy Toolkit]] to complement your thinking. (to be further developed) == Grieving == As we live our lives it is inevitable that we suffer irrevocable losses. These typically include tragedies such as the death of family, friends, pets, or other loved ones. Other losses include unemployment, financial difficulties, housing loss, ill health, injury, oppression, [[w:Humiliation|humiliation]], [[w:Betrayal|betrayal]], [[w:Shattered_assumptions_theory|shattered assumptions]], shattered dreams, or the end of a relationship. We also suffer minor setbacks such as failing a test, losing the game, missing a goal, rejection, exclusion, insults, indignities, scolding, or stubbing our toes. [[w:Grief|Grief]] is our reaction to those losses. Although conventionally focused on the [[Emotional Competency|emotional response]] to loss, grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, spiritual, and philosophical dimensions. === Assignment === When you encounter losses, consider taking the following steps. # Acknowledge your loss. # Allow yourself to [[w:Grief#Grieving_process|grieve]]. # [[Living Wisely/Take Care|Take care]] of yourself. # [[w:Grief#Support|Obtain support]]. Consider joining a [[w:Bereavement_group|support group]] or seeking professional support, if you are having difficulty coping with your grief or have suffered major [[w:Major_trauma|physical]] or [[w:Psychological_trauma|psychological]] trauma. # Regain your [[w:Psychological_resilience|resilience]]. == Tenderness == [[File:Gnadenbild Mariahilf, Innsbruck.jpg|thumb|The comfort of a mother’s tender embrace.]] It feels good to be held and reassured by your mother. Even the most stalwart among us occasionally long for tenderness to satisfy our need for [[w:Comfort|comfort]]. A mother’s comforting hugs, her compassionate, caring, reassuring, understanding, [[forgiving]], and empathetic listening provide often needed tenderness. Her tender and unconditional love and parental care fills our universal need for comfort. [[w:Mother_goddess|Mother goddesses]] are prominent throughout traditional religions. Real good religions could benefit from establishing ways to meet our need to be cared for at times when we are especially vulnerable. == Atonement == [[w:Atonement|Atonement]] is action we take to correct past wrongdoing on our part. This may involve direct actions aimed at mitigating the consequences of our past deeds, engaging in equivalent positive actions to contribute to the well-being of others, or expressing [[w:Remorse|remorse]] through various means. Atonement signifies a conscious commitment to not only acknowledge our mistakes but also to actively work towards restoring balance and fostering positive change. === Assignment === # Reflect on your [[w:transgression|transgressions]]; list the people you have harmed. # Complete the Wikiversity course on [[Apologizing]]. # Apologize or otherwise make appropriate amends to those you have harmed. # Catalogue your [[w:Grievance|grievances]]. # Compete the Wikiversity course on [[Forgiving]]. # Forgive those who have wronged you. # Savor the serenity. == Real Hope == People crave [[w:Hope|hope]]. Many traditional religions [[w:Hope#In_religion|offer hope]] by promising [[w:Afterlife|everlasting life]] in [[w:Heaven|heavenly]] [[w:Paradise|paradise]] to those who live good lives. Unfortunately, such an [[w:Afterlife|afterlife]] is almost certainty non-existent. There is no credible evidence of an afterlife (other than legacy) and there is [[Beyond Theism/What there is|no known mechanism]] that would make such an afterlife possible. Promises of life after death are almost certainly false. Because life almost certainly ends at death, it is best to seek out real reasons for hope that we can enjoy during our one certain life. The [[w:James_Stockdale#The_Stockdale_Paradox|Stockdale paradox]] describes a basis for real hope. When author [[w:James_C._Collins|James Collins]] asked which prisoners didn't make it out of Vietnam, James Stockdale replied:<blockquote>“…You must never confuse faith that you will prevail in the end—which you can never afford to lose—with the discipline to confront the most brutal facts of your current reality, whatever they might be.”</blockquote>Real good religion provides us a basis for real hope. === Assignment: === # Read the essay [[Beyond Theism/Real Reasons for Hope|Real Reasons for Hope]]. # [[Facing Facts|Face facts]]. # Enjoy real hope. # Practice [[Intentional Evolution|intentional evolution]]. == Discover your true self == [[File:A_picture_is_worth_a_thousand_words.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Explore the stories we tell ourselves about ourselves.]] “Who am I?” is the question that uniquely defines us as individuals and as humans. The stories we tell ourselves about ''who we are'' determine our personal identity. However, the narrative we use to define ourselves may be partly based on false beliefs about who we are. This false self-image limits our performance and distracts us from being fully present. In the [[True Self|true self]] course you can work to examine your current narrative, identify your true self, address areas where the narrative does not accurately describe your true self, and adopt a new narrative that accurately describes your true self. We must know who we are before we can be all we can be. It is important to “[[w:Know_thyself|Know thyself]].” [[w:Socrates|Socrates]] lamented “The unexamined life is not worth living for a human being.” The [[true Self]] course can help you examine your life. [[w:Shame|Shame]] lurks in the gap between ''what is'' and ''what ought to be''. The [[True Self|true self course]] is designed to help you identify that gap and begin to close it. === Assignment === # Complete the Wikiversity course on [[True Self|Unmasking the True Self]]. # Discover your true self. # Be your true self. == Build Your Cathedral == A [[w:Personal_mythology|personal myth]] is a constellation of beliefs, feelings, images, and rules—operating largely outside of conscious awareness—that interprets sensations, constructs new explanations, and directs behavior. Personal myths speak to the broad concerns of identity (Who am I?), direction (Where am I going?), and purpose (Why am I going there?). For an internal system of images, narratives, and emotions to be called a personal myth, it must address at least one of the core concerns of human existence. The book ''Building the Cathedral: Answering the Meaning Crisis through Personal Myth''<ref>{{cite book|title=Building the Cathedral: Answering the Meaning Crisis through Personal Myth|last1=Moon|first1=Sadie Alwyn|last2=Dempsey|first2=Brendan Graham|date=|publisher=Independently published|isbn=979-8728831211|pages=119|author-link=}}</ref> guides the reader in “building their cathedral”. This is an on-going project to write a story that becomes your personal myth and establishes your place in the universe. === Assignment === # Read the book ''[https://brendangrahamdempsey.substack.com/p/building-the-cathedral-0-preface Building the Cathedral: Answering the Meaning Crisis through Personal Myth].'' # Study the [[w:Hero's_journey|hero's journey]]. # Write your story, embrace your myth, cherish your cathedral. == Find a Congregation == Practitioners of traditional religious typically [[w:Church_(congregation)|congregate]] (meet) regularly in a certain location to practice their religion together. It can be helpful to find a location where you can regularly gather with a group of people who you enjoy spending time with. Activities can vary widely, and discussing meaningful topics can provide depth to the time spent together. Any number of locations may be suitable. Consider private residences, restaurants, dining halls, or pubs; party venues, club houses, fraternal organizations; outdoor venues such as hiking trails, parks, playgrounds, dog parks, and picnic groves; school buildings, campus buildings, libraries, municipal buildings, or the local fire house. Existing [[w:Meetup|meetup]] groups may have already chosen suitable locations. You may find a local [[w:American_Humanist_Association|American Humanist Association]] chapter where you feel welcome. === Assignment === # Find a suitable location and group where you can congregate # Enjoy congregating regularly. == Come Together == We can learn to come together harmoniously. === Assignment === # Complete the courses in the Wikiversity [[Coming Together]] curriculum. # Come together harmoniously. == Do Good == Most religious people [[Living Wisely#Do Good|do good]] deeds. World peace advocate [[w:Jane_Addams|Jane Addams]] advised that "Action indeed is the sole medium of expression for ethics." Real good religions encourage practitioners to act for the good. Committed people are doing good improving our world and helping others as they increase their own [[Virtues/Gratitude|gratification]]. Consequential action combined with well-chosen, human-based values can make a significant difference. Courageous achievements that help others around the globe for all time is real good action. There are many ways to do good. === Assignment === # Complete the course ''[[Doing Good]]''. # Do the most good you can. # Volunteer to provide [[w:Community_service|community service]]. # Help to advance human rights, worldwide. == Advocacy == Traditional religious group expand their congregations by [[w:Proselytism|proselytizing]]—meeting people and advocating they join the religion. As one example, [[w:Jehovah's_Witnesses|Jehovah's Witnesses]] are known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people's homes, and distributing Watch Tower Society literature. In another example, [[w:Mormon_missionary|Mormon missionaries]] are volunteer representatives of the church who engage variously in proselytizing, church service, humanitarian aid, and community service. You may wish to advocate for your secular worldview. Use good judgement in adjusting the intensity and nature of your advocacy to strengthen rather than strain relationships.   === Assignment === # “[[Beyond Theism#Consider Coming Out|Come out]]”. Be proud to discuss your secular world view with friends, family, and other people you meet. ## Remain respectful and [[Candor|candid]]. ## [[Practicing Dialogue|Practice dialogue]]. ## You can obtain guidance and support for your decision to share your secular beliefs with others at the openly secular website<ref>https://openlysecular.org/</ref>. # Join one or more [[w:List_of_irreligious_organizations|secular advocacy organizations]] such as the [[w:American_Secular_Union|American Secular Union]], [[w:Freedom_From_Religion_Foundation|Freedom from Religion Foundation]], [[w:Recovering_from_Religion|Recovering from Religion]], the [[w:Secular_Coalition_for_America|Secular Coalition for America]], or one of their [[w:Secular_Coalition_for_America#History|member organizations]].   # Study the Wikiversity course [[Street Epistemology]]. # Practice [[Street Epistemology]] == Summary and Conclusions == Traditional religions are due for a makeover. You can leave behind the anachronisms, inconsistencies, divisiveness, and polarization of traditional religions and progress towards living a [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good life]]. [[Living Wisely|Live wisely]]. == Recommended Reading == Students interested in exploring real good religions may wish to study the following materials: *{{cite book |last=De Botton |first=Alain |author-link=w:Alain_de_Botton |date=January 8, 2013 |title=Religion for Atheists: A Non-believer's Guide to the Uses of Religion |publisher=Vintage |pages=320 |isbn=978-0307476821}} * {{cite book |title=The Five Stages of the Soul: Charting the Spiritual Passages That Shape Our Lives |last=Moody |first=Harry R. |year=1998 |publisher=Anchor |isbn=978-0385486774 |pages=384}} * {{cite book |title=Spirit Matters |first=Michael |last=Lerner |authorlink=w:Michael_Lerner_(rabbi) |publisher=Hampton Roads Publishing |year=2002 |isbn=978-1571743602 |pages=384}} *{{cite book |last=Abrams |first=Nancy |date=March 10, 2015 |title=A God That Could Be Real: Spirituality, Science, and the Future of Our Planet |location= |publisher=Beacon Press |page=200 |isbn=978-0807073391 }} *{{cite book|title=Politics of Being: Wisdom and Science for a New Development Paradigm|last=Legrand|first=Thomas|date=December 4, 2021|publisher=Ocean of Wisdom Press|isbn=978-2957758302|pages=520}} *{{cite book |last=Ariely |first=Dan |author-link=w:Dan_Ariely |date=September 17, 2024 |title=Misbelief: What Makes Rational People Believe Irrational Things |publisher=Harper Perennial |pages=320 |isbn=978-0063280434}} * {{cite book |title=Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill |last=Ricard |first=Matthieu |author2=Daniel Goleman |year=2007 |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |isbn=978-0316167253 |pages=304}} * {{cite book|title=The Romance of Reality: How the Universe Organizes Itself to Create Life, Consciousness, and Cosmic Complexity|last=Azarian|first=Bobby|date=June 28, 2022|publisher=BenBella Books|isbn=978-1637740446|pages=320}} *[[w:Breaking_the_Spell:_Religion_as_a_Natural_Phenomenon|''Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon'']], by Daniel Dennett *{{cite book |last=Speckhardt |first=Roy |date=July 28, 2015 |title=Creating Change Through Humanism |publisher=Humanist Press |pages=192 |isbn=978-0-931779-65-7}} *{{cite book |last=McGowan |first=Dale |date=April 25, 2007 |title=Parenting Beyond Belief: On Raising Ethical, Caring Kids Without Religion |publisher=AMACOM |pages=304 |isbn=978-0814474266}} *{{cite book |last=Harris |first=Sam |author-link=w:Sam_Harris |date=2010 |title=[[w:The_Moral_Landscape |''The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values'']] |url= |publisher=Free Press |pages=322 |isbn=978-1-4391-7121-9}} *{{cite book |last=Musolino |first=Julien |date=January 6, 2015 |title=The Soul Fallacy: What Science Shows We Gain from Letting Go of Our Soul Beliefs |publisher=Prometheus Books |pages=287 |isbn=978-1616149628}} *{{cite book |last=Zuckerman |first=Phil |date=December 4, 2014 |title=Living the Secular Life: New Answers to Old Questions |publisher=Penguin Press |pages=288 |isbn=978-1594205088 }} *{{cite book |last=Trumble |first=Dennis R. |date=July 16, 2013 |title=The Way of Science: Finding Truth and Meaning in a Scientific Worldview |publisher=Prometheus Books |pages=375 |isbn=978-1616147556 }} *{{cite book |last=Keltner |first=Dacher |author-link=w:Dacher_Keltner |date=January 2, 2024 |title=Awe: The New Science of Everyday Wonder and How It Can Transform Your Life |publisher=Penguin Books |pages=336 |isbn=978-1984879707}} *{{cite book |last=Sagan |first=Sasha |author-link=w:Sasha_Sagan |date=October 5, 2021 |title=For Small Creatures Such as We: Rituals for Finding Meaning in Our Unlikely World |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |pages=304 |isbn=978-0735218796}} *{{cite book |last=Yunkaporta |first=Tyson |author-link= |date=May 18, 2021 |title=Sand Talk: How Indigenous Thinking Can Save the World |publisher=HarperOne |pages=256 |isbn=978-0062975621}} *{{cite book |last=Lightman |first=Alan |author-link=w:Alan_Lightman |date=March 14, 2023 |title=The Transcendent Brain: Spirituality in the Age of Science |publisher=Pantheon |pages=208 |isbn=978-0593317419}} *{{cite book |last=Legrand |first=Thomas |author-link= |date=December 4, 2021 |title=Politics of Being: Wisdom and Science for a New Development Paradigm |publisher=Ocean of Wisdom Press |pages=520 |isbn=978-2957758302}} *{{cite book |last=Schneider |first=Kirk J |author-link=w:Kirk_J._Schneider |date= |title=The Spirituality of Awe: Challenges to the Robotic Revolution |publisher=Waterside Productions |pages=158 |isbn=978-1945949692}} *{{cite book |last1=Moon |first1=Sadie Alwyn |last2=Dempsey |first2=Brendan Graham |author-link= |date= |title=Building the Cathedral: Answering the Meaning Crisis through Personal Myth |publisher=Independently published |pages=119 |isbn=979-8728831211}} *{{cite book |last=Fiand |first=Barbara |author-link= |date=July 1, 2008|title=Awe-Filled Wonder: The Interface of Science and Spirituality |publisher=Paulist Press |pages=96 |isbn=978-0809145294}} *{{cite book |last1=Goleman |first1=Daniel |last2=Davidson |first2=Richard |date=September 5, 2017 |title=Altered Traits: Science Reveals How Meditation Changes Your Mind, Brain, and Body |publisher=Avery |pages=336 |isbn=978-0399184383 |author-link=w:Daniel_Goleman }} *{{cite book |last=Singer |first=Peter |author-link=w:Peter_Singer |date=April 7, 2015 |title=[[w:The_Most_Good_You_Can_Do|The Most Good You Can Do]]: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically |publisher=Yale University Press |pages=232 |isbn=978-0300180275}} *{{cite book |last=Cooney |first=Nick |author-link=w:Nick_Cooney |date=April 27, 2015 |title=How To Be Great At Doing Good: Why Results Are What Count and How Smart Charity Can Change the World |publisher=Jossey-Bass |pages=208 |isbn=978-1119041719}} * {{cite book |title=Shared Values for a Troubled World: Conversations with Men and Women of Conscience |last=Kidder |first=Rushworth M.|author-link=w:Rushworth Kidder |year=1994 |publisher=Jossey-Bass |isbn=978-1555426033 |pages=332 }} *{{cite book |last=Ward |first=Keith |author-link=w:Keith Ward |date=April 1, 2013 |title=God: A Guide for the Perplexed |publisher=Oneworld Publications |pages=272 |isbn=978-1851689736}} I have not yet read the following books, but they seem interesting and relevant. They are listed here to invite further research. *''Beyond Religion: A Personal Program for Building a Spiritual Life Outside the Walls of Traditional Religion'' *''Unfollow: A Memoir of Loving and Leaving the Westboro Baptist Church'', by Megan Phelps-Roper *''Forgotten Truth: The Common Vision of the World's Religions'', by Huston Smith *''All Saints: Daily Reflections on Saints, Prophets, and Witnesses for Our Time'' , by Robert Ellsberg * ''[[w:Ancient_Wisdom,_Modern_World|Ethics for the New Millennium]]'' by Dalai Lama * ''The Kingdom, the Power, and the Glory: American Evangelicals in an Age of Extremism'', by Tim Alberta * ''Cutting God in Half - And Putting the Pieces Together Again a New Approach to Philosophy'', by Nicholas Maxwell * ''Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth'', by Reza Aslan, Ashraf Killany, Mounir Moussa, Hoda Abbas Moussa * ''Unveiled: How Western Liberals Empower Radical Islam'', by Yasmine Mohammed * ''Agnostic:A Spirited Manifesto'', by Lesley Hazlton * {{cite book|title=In My Time of Dying: How I Came Face to Face with the Idea of an Afterlife|last=Junger|first=Sebastian|date=May 21, 2024|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=‎978-1668050835|pages=176|author-link=}} * {{Cite book|title=Why Christianity must change or die: a bishop speaks to believers in exile; a new reformation of the church's faith and practice|last=Spong|first=John Shelby|date=1999|publisher=HarperSan Francisco|isbn=978-0-06-067536-3|edition=1. HarperCollins paperback ed|location=San Francisco}} == References == <references/> {{CourseCat}} [[Category:Applied Wisdom]] [[Category:Humanities]] [[Category:Peace studies]] [[Category:Theology]] [[Category:Humanities courses]] {{Clear Thinking}} fjb8afqwqs117nd39om3co25bnpevu6 2688779 2688778 2024-11-25T12:31:08Z Lbeaumont 278565 Protected "[[Real Good Religion]]": Excessive vandalism ([Edit=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (expires 12:31, 25 February 2025 (UTC)) [Move=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (expires 12:31, 25 February 2025 (UTC))) 2688778 wikitext text/x-wiki —Rebooting spiritual practice == Introduction == [[File:Night sky from Tony Grove Lake, United States.jpg|thumb|300px| We often [[Cherishing awe|wonder in awe]] what more there might be.]] {{TOC right | limit|limit=2}} People who are [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|seeking ''real good'']]<ref>The word “real” in the phrase “seeking real good” refers to objective [[w:Reality|reality]] as distinct from [[w:Imagination|imaginary]] or [[w:Fiction|fictional]] and is not a modifier such as “very”. I recognize that the majority of very good people hold religious beliefs. </ref> may be perplexed by the many [[w:Internal_consistency_of_the_Bible|inconsistencies]], [[Living Wisely/Advance no falsehoods|falsehoods]], and/or arbitrary claims of traditional [[w:Religion|religious]] [[w:Doctrine#Religious_usage|doctrine]] and [[w:Dogma|dogma]]. However, they may be reluctant to leave traditional religions because of the community, [[Moral Reasoning|moral guidance]], and [[Cherishing awe|sense of awe]] that these religions provide. [[w:Supernatural|Supernatural]] claims are central to traditional religions. This creates tension and [[w:Cognitive_dissonance|dissonance]] for people who are seeking real good but do not find such claims credible. However, leaving traditional religions can be challenging for various reasons, even for thoughtful and reflective individuals who are [[Seeking True Beliefs|seeking true beliefs]]. The difficulty often stems from a combination of psychological, social, emotional, and cultural factors. Perhaps you see yourself on this list of [[Real Good Religion/obstacles to leaving traditional religions|obstacles to leaving traditional religions]]. Fortunately, these obstacles can be overcome. == Objectives == This course offers an invitation and guidance to people who want to leave behind the anachronism, inconsistencies, divisiveness, and polarization of traditional religions and progress towards living a [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good life]]. This course suggests a path toward a ''real good religion''—deeply fulfilling experiences that do not rely on [[w:Supernatural|supernatural]] claims. Real good religion can help us [[Resolving Cognitive Dissonance|resolve cognitive dissonance]] and [[Finding Common Ground|find common ground]]. Although the topics in this course are presented sequentially, it is likely that you will wander through these topics and find your own path as you explore your journey toward a real good religion. A slide deck useful for presenting an overview of these materials [https://www.academia.edu/119124948/Real_Good_Religion is available on-line]. == Religion Through the Ages == The long history of [[w:Religion|religion]] reflects the enduring human quest for meaning, [[w:Transcendence_(philosophy)|transcendence]], and connection. Across cultures and epochs, religion has served as a source of comfort, guidance, and inspiration, shaping human values, institutions, and civilizations.<ref>[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Write an extended essay on the topic: ‘The long history of religion’”.</ref> While the expression of religious belief may vary widely, the underlying aspirations for spiritual fulfillment and [[Moral Reasoning|moral guidance]] remain fundamental to the human experience. As we navigate the complexities of the modern world, understanding the rich tapestry of religious history enables us to appreciate the diversity of human thought and experience, fostering [[Practicing Dialogue|dialogue]], empathy, and mutual respect across religious boundaries. The future evolution of religion unfolds as a multifaceted tapestry of continuity and change, shaped by the dynamic interplay of historical legacies, cultural dynamics, and technological innovations.<ref>[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Write an extended essay on the topic: ‘The future evolution of religion’”.</ref> As humanity embarks on the journey towards an uncertain future, the resilience of religious traditions and the creativity of spiritual seekers inspire hope for a world characterized by tolerance, compassion, and spiritual flourishing. By embracing diversity, fostering [[Practicing Dialogue|dialogue]], and cultivating a [[Cherishing awe|sense of awe]] and wonder, we can co-create a future where the quest for meaning transcends boundaries of creed, and culture. === Assignment === # Read the essay [[/The Enduring Tapestry: Exploring the Long History of Religion/]]. # Read the essay [[/Embracing Change: The Long and Ongoing Evolution of Religion/]]. # What do you foresee as the future of religion? == Progress Beyond Theism == If you are perplexed or [[w:Skepticism|skeptical]], and have begun to question the beliefs and teachings of the religion you were taught earlier in life, the [[Beyond Theism|beyond theism]] course may help you discover a helpful alternative. === Assignment === # Study the Wikiversity course [[Beyond Theism|Beyond theism]] # Progress beyond theism. == Align Your Worldview == Each of us holds a set of basic assumptions about how the world works. This is known as our ''[[Exploring Worldviews|worldview]]''. [[w:World_view|Worldviews]] are sets of beliefs and assumptions that describe reality. A worldview is a way of describing the universe and life within it, both in terms of ''what is'' and what ''ought to be''. Worldviews represent a person’s or a culture’s answers to fundamental [[Exploring Existential Concerns|existential questions]]. Our worldviews are deeply embedded within us. They are mental habits that form an important part of our identity. We are typically unaware of our worldviews, and they resist change. None-the-less, it is [[Wisdom|wise]] to [[Exploring Worldviews/Aligning worldviews|align your worldview]] with reality, as it is best understood. === Assignment === # [[Clear Thinking/Curriculum|Think Clearly]]. # Study the essay [[Facing Facts/Reality is our common ground|Reality is our common ground]]. # Learn [[w:Physics|physics]]. # Adopt a [[Global Perspective|global perspective]]. # Study [[w:Big_history|big history]]. # Learn [[Living Wisely#What Is|what is.]] # [[Exploring Worldviews/Aligning worldviews|Align your worldview]] with reality. # As your [[Thinking Scientifically#Understanding Evolves|understanding evolves]], continue to refine your worldview. == Well Founded Moral Reasoning == [[File:Compass rose browns 00.png|thumb|right| 250px|[[w:Moral_reasoning|Moral Reasoning]] is the thought process we go through to determine what we ought to do. ]] [[w:Moral_reasoning|Moral Reasoning]] is the thought process we go through to determine what we ought to do. Moral reasoning helps us decide what is right and what is wrong. Although many people rely on traditional religious teachings for moral guidance, many religious doctrines are narrowly conceived and provide archaic and obsolete moral guidance. No simple rule, list of commandments, formula, or outcome seems to adequately capture the complexities of moral reasoning. Instead, we need to rely on a toolkit that taken together provides guidance in a variety of situations. The [[Moral Reasoning|moral reasoning]] course presents the elements of the moral reasoning toolkit. === Assignment === # Compete the Wikiversity course on [[Moral Reasoning|moral reasoning]]. # Draw on your well-chosen moral reasoning toolkit to decide what you ought to do. # Do only what you ought to do. # Live the [[Virtues|moral virtues]]. == Cherish Awe == Experiences of awe are integral to many religious traditions. However, it is wise to distinguish between awesome experiences of reality, and fanciful stories and illusions of supernatural encounters. === Assignment === # Study the essay [[Cherishing awe/Reality is Awesome!|Reality is Awesome]]. # Study the essay [[Cherishing awe/An Awesome Big History of Religion|An Awesome Big History of Religion]]. # Study the essay [[Cherishing awe/Awesome Features of Traditional Religions|Awesome Features of Traditional Religion]]. ## Celebrate life with engaging [[Real Good Religion/secular celebrations and rituals|secular celebrations, rituals, ceremonies]], music, art, and natural setting. ## Embrace the awe of nature and the expanse of the universe. # Study the essay [[Cherishing awe/Awesome Charlatans|Awesome Charlatans]]. ## Escape the allure of charlatans. # Study this [[Cherishing awe/list of everyday awe|list of everyday awe]]. ## Welcome awe, savor awe, and [[Cherishing awe|cherish awe]] every day. # Enjoy magnificent music, [[Cherishing awe/Awesome Visual Art|art]], and [[Cherishing awe/Awesome Architectural Works|architecture]]. # Visit [[w:Museum|museums]]. Savor the exhibits. # Study the Wikiversity course [[Cherishing awe|Cherishing Awe]]. # Cherish awe. == Belong to a Community == Strengthen your [[w:Social_connection|social connections]] and find where you belong. === Assignment === # Study the Wikiversity course [[Creating Communities]]. #* Consider this [[w:List_of_irreligious_organizations|list of irreligious organizations]]. #* Join or create a community practicing real good religion. == Real Good Prayer == Secular alternatives to prayer encompass a range of practices and activities that are not rooted in religious beliefs but are aimed at promoting well-being, mindfulness, and reflection. Consider this list of [[/secular alternatives to prayer/]]. The sections below provide guidance in a range of real good practices that supersede traditional prayer and are unburdened by supernatural claims. === Find Equanimity === Finding ''[[w:Equanimity|equanimity]]'' allows you to remain calm and retain a wise perspective while experiencing the chaos and complexity of the world we live in. Assess this moment in perspective. Recognize that this moment is the faintest ripple in the fabric of the universe. ==== Assignment ==== # Study the Wikiversity course [[Finding Equanimity|Finding equanimity]] # Find equanimity. === Quiet your Mind === A quiet mind, and human wholeness, are available through controlling discursive thought and developing nondiscursive perception. Like learning to walk or to talk, using the mind well is a matter of patient repeated efforts. The [[Quiet Mind|Quiet mind]] course provides a simple method for controlling discursive thought; and for making nondiscursive awareness your primary perspective, through which discursivity is guided in creating a flourishing life and a flourishing Earth. ==== Assignment ==== # Study the Wikiversity course [[Quiet Mind|Quiet mind]] # Quiet your mind. # Choose appealing [[Guided Meditations|guided meditations]]. # Enjoy meditating. === Affirm your Gifts and Intentions === When we are alone, most people are almost constantly engaged in an intrapersonal dialogue within themselves. Inner speech is an important yet underrecognized aspect of how we humans work. In particular, major life decisions, including our important transitions and rites of passage, are formed by inner speech. Almost everything we do with our minds we do with inner speech. Reading, thought, decision making, self-regulation, action, memory, and conversation all draw on the processes of inner speech. Psychologists are demonstrating that inner speech helps us regulate our behavior, motivate ourselves for action, evaluate those actions, and even become conscious of our own selves. Because we spend so much time speaking to ourselves, it is helpful to choose inner speech that provides wise advice. ==== Assignment ==== # Choose [[Wise Affirmations|wise affirmations]] that acknowledge your gifts and reinforce your [[Wise Affirmations#Affirmations for Specific Goals|wise intentions]]. # [[Wise Affirmations#Forming Effective Affirmations|Form effective affirmations]]. # Talk [[Wisdom|wisely]] to yourself. # Silently repeat well-chosen affirmations often. === Increase Emotional Competency === [[Emotional Competency|Emotional competency]] is the skill to [[Recognizing Emotions|recognize]], [[Appraising Emotional Responses|interpret]], and respond constructively to emotions in yourself and others. Many believe that living life to its fullest requires experiencing and enjoying the full range of human emotions. Yet so many of us are uncomfortable with emotions; we don’t recognize what they are, what they are telling us, how they can be helpful, or the choices we have in how to respond to them. Many of us were taught to ignore, suppress, diminish, or deny our own subtle feelings and vivid passions. Do you know how you feel? Fortunately, we can learn to improve our emotional competency, enhance our life experience, lead a more fulfilling life, and contribute to our humanity. ==== Assignment ==== # Study the Wikiversity [[Emotional Competency]] curriculum. # Increase your emotional competency. === Pray for Peace === Reflect on these [[/32 secular prayers for peace/]]. You might enjoy choosing a different one each day of the month. === Exercise Agency === Move beyond [[w:Thoughts_and_prayers|thoughts and prayers]] and take effective action. Employ your [[What you can change and what you cannot#Agency|agency]] to attain well-chosen goals. ==== Assignment ==== # Decide [[Problem Finding|what you want to have happen]]. # Determine [[What you can change and what you cannot|what you can change and what you cannot change]]. # Exercise your [[What you can change and what you cannot#Agency|agency]] to [[Solving Problems|solve problems]] and progress toward your well-chosen goals. === Expressing Gratitude === You may be asked to “give the blessing” or “[[w:Grace_(prayer)|say grace]]” before thanksgiving dinner, before meals, or at some other occasion. Draw on this list of [[/secular blessings/]], or create your own reflections, to express gratitude, kindness, encouragement, grace, and good will. == Spiritual Development == [[w:Spiritual_practice|Spiritual practices]], including [[w:meditation|meditation]] and contemplation, are intended to develop an individual's inner life. Spiritual experiences include those of [[w:connectedness|connectedness]] with a larger reality, yielding a more comprehensive [[w:Self|self]]; with other individuals or the [[w:human|human]] [[w:community|community]]; with [[w:nature|nature]] or the [[w:cosmos|cosmos]]; or with an imagined [[w:Divinity|divine]] realm. Spirituality is often experienced as a source of inspiration or orientation in life. === Assignment === # Study the Wikiversity course [[What Matters/Spiritual Development|Spiritual Development]]. # Continue your spiritual growth. == Universals == Despite their diversity and pre-modern worldviews, the world’s religions teach several universal and enduring lessons for [[Living Wisely|living wisely]]. These are important elements of a real good religion. === Assignment === #Read the essay on [[/Universals/]]. #Focus on the [[Finding Common Ground|common ground]] that is [[Understanding Emergence|emerging]] from millennia of religious practice. == Explore Existential Questions == Everyone has important questions and legitimate concerns about their very existence. People often wonder, do I even matter? Strive for an accurate optimism while remaining curious. Keep in mind [[what you can change and what you cannot]]. === Assignment === # Study the Wikiversity course [[Exploring Existential Concerns|Exploring Existential Questions]]. # Stay curious as you continue to [[Seeking True Beliefs|seek true beliefs]]. == Practice Philosophy == [[w:Philosophy|Philosophy]] is literally “love of wisdom”. More practically, philosophy is what happens when we begin to think for ourselves.<ref>{{cite book|title=Fundamentals of Philosophy|last=Shand|first=John|date=June 5, 2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0415227094|pages=458|author-link=}}</ref> Because people who are [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|seeking real good]] think for themselves, it is useful to practice philosophy. === Assignment === # Be curious. # [[Knowing How You Know|Know how you know]]. # Continue to think for yourself. # Draw on the resources in this [[Wise Living Toolkit#Philosophy|Philosophy Toolkit]] to complement your thinking. (to be further developed) == Grieving == As we live our lives it is inevitable that we suffer irrevocable losses. These typically include tragedies such as the death of family, friends, pets, or other loved ones. Other losses include unemployment, financial difficulties, housing loss, ill health, injury, oppression, [[w:Humiliation|humiliation]], [[w:Betrayal|betrayal]], [[w:Shattered_assumptions_theory|shattered assumptions]], shattered dreams, or the end of a relationship. We also suffer minor setbacks such as failing a test, losing the game, missing a goal, rejection, exclusion, insults, indignities, scolding, or stubbing our toes. [[w:Grief|Grief]] is our reaction to those losses. Although conventionally focused on the [[Emotional Competency|emotional response]] to loss, grief also has physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, cultural, spiritual, and philosophical dimensions. === Assignment === When you encounter losses, consider taking the following steps. # Acknowledge your loss. # Allow yourself to [[w:Grief#Grieving_process|grieve]]. # [[Living Wisely/Take Care|Take care]] of yourself. # [[w:Grief#Support|Obtain support]]. Consider joining a [[w:Bereavement_group|support group]] or seeking professional support, if you are having difficulty coping with your grief or have suffered major [[w:Major_trauma|physical]] or [[w:Psychological_trauma|psychological]] trauma. # Regain your [[w:Psychological_resilience|resilience]]. == Tenderness == [[File:Gnadenbild Mariahilf, Innsbruck.jpg|thumb|The comfort of a mother’s tender embrace.]] It feels good to be held and reassured by your mother. Even the most stalwart among us occasionally long for tenderness to satisfy our need for [[w:Comfort|comfort]]. A mother’s comforting hugs, her compassionate, caring, reassuring, understanding, [[forgiving]], and empathetic listening provide often needed tenderness. Her tender and unconditional love and parental care fills our universal need for comfort. [[w:Mother_goddess|Mother goddesses]] are prominent throughout traditional religions. Real good religions could benefit from establishing ways to meet our need to be cared for at times when we are especially vulnerable. == Atonement == [[w:Atonement|Atonement]] is action we take to correct past wrongdoing on our part. This may involve direct actions aimed at mitigating the consequences of our past deeds, engaging in equivalent positive actions to contribute to the well-being of others, or expressing [[w:Remorse|remorse]] through various means. Atonement signifies a conscious commitment to not only acknowledge our mistakes but also to actively work towards restoring balance and fostering positive change. === Assignment === # Reflect on your [[w:transgression|transgressions]]; list the people you have harmed. # Complete the Wikiversity course on [[Apologizing]]. # Apologize or otherwise make appropriate amends to those you have harmed. # Catalogue your [[w:Grievance|grievances]]. # Compete the Wikiversity course on [[Forgiving]]. # Forgive those who have wronged you. # Savor the serenity. == Real Hope == People crave [[w:Hope|hope]]. Many traditional religions [[w:Hope#In_religion|offer hope]] by promising [[w:Afterlife|everlasting life]] in [[w:Heaven|heavenly]] [[w:Paradise|paradise]] to those who live good lives. Unfortunately, such an [[w:Afterlife|afterlife]] is almost certainty non-existent. There is no credible evidence of an afterlife (other than legacy) and there is [[Beyond Theism/What there is|no known mechanism]] that would make such an afterlife possible. Promises of life after death are almost certainly false. Because life almost certainly ends at death, it is best to seek out real reasons for hope that we can enjoy during our one certain life. The [[w:James_Stockdale#The_Stockdale_Paradox|Stockdale paradox]] describes a basis for real hope. When author [[w:James_C._Collins|James Collins]] asked which prisoners didn't make it out of Vietnam, James Stockdale replied:<blockquote>“…You must never confuse faith that you will prevail in the end—which you can never afford to lose—with the discipline to confront the most brutal facts of your current reality, whatever they might be.”</blockquote>Real good religion provides us a basis for real hope. === Assignment: === # Read the essay [[Beyond Theism/Real Reasons for Hope|Real Reasons for Hope]]. # [[Facing Facts|Face facts]]. # Enjoy real hope. # Practice [[Intentional Evolution|intentional evolution]]. == Discover your true self == [[File:A_picture_is_worth_a_thousand_words.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Explore the stories we tell ourselves about ourselves.]] “Who am I?” is the question that uniquely defines us as individuals and as humans. The stories we tell ourselves about ''who we are'' determine our personal identity. However, the narrative we use to define ourselves may be partly based on false beliefs about who we are. This false self-image limits our performance and distracts us from being fully present. In the [[True Self|true self]] course you can work to examine your current narrative, identify your true self, address areas where the narrative does not accurately describe your true self, and adopt a new narrative that accurately describes your true self. We must know who we are before we can be all we can be. It is important to “[[w:Know_thyself|Know thyself]].” [[w:Socrates|Socrates]] lamented “The unexamined life is not worth living for a human being.” The [[true Self]] course can help you examine your life. [[w:Shame|Shame]] lurks in the gap between ''what is'' and ''what ought to be''. The [[True Self|true self course]] is designed to help you identify that gap and begin to close it. === Assignment === # Complete the Wikiversity course on [[True Self|Unmasking the True Self]]. # Discover your true self. # Be your true self. == Build Your Cathedral == A [[w:Personal_mythology|personal myth]] is a constellation of beliefs, feelings, images, and rules—operating largely outside of conscious awareness—that interprets sensations, constructs new explanations, and directs behavior. Personal myths speak to the broad concerns of identity (Who am I?), direction (Where am I going?), and purpose (Why am I going there?). For an internal system of images, narratives, and emotions to be called a personal myth, it must address at least one of the core concerns of human existence. The book ''Building the Cathedral: Answering the Meaning Crisis through Personal Myth''<ref>{{cite book|title=Building the Cathedral: Answering the Meaning Crisis through Personal Myth|last1=Moon|first1=Sadie Alwyn|last2=Dempsey|first2=Brendan Graham|date=|publisher=Independently published|isbn=979-8728831211|pages=119|author-link=}}</ref> guides the reader in “building their cathedral”. This is an on-going project to write a story that becomes your personal myth and establishes your place in the universe. === Assignment === # Read the book ''[https://brendangrahamdempsey.substack.com/p/building-the-cathedral-0-preface Building the Cathedral: Answering the Meaning Crisis through Personal Myth].'' # Study the [[w:Hero's_journey|hero's journey]]. # Write your story, embrace your myth, cherish your cathedral. == Find a Congregation == Practitioners of traditional religious typically [[w:Church_(congregation)|congregate]] (meet) regularly in a certain location to practice their religion together. It can be helpful to find a location where you can regularly gather with a group of people who you enjoy spending time with. Activities can vary widely, and discussing meaningful topics can provide depth to the time spent together. Any number of locations may be suitable. Consider private residences, restaurants, dining halls, or pubs; party venues, club houses, fraternal organizations; outdoor venues such as hiking trails, parks, playgrounds, dog parks, and picnic groves; school buildings, campus buildings, libraries, municipal buildings, or the local fire house. Existing [[w:Meetup|meetup]] groups may have already chosen suitable locations. You may find a local [[w:American_Humanist_Association|American Humanist Association]] chapter where you feel welcome. === Assignment === # Find a suitable location and group where you can congregate # Enjoy congregating regularly. == Come Together == We can learn to come together harmoniously. === Assignment === # Complete the courses in the Wikiversity [[Coming Together]] curriculum. # Come together harmoniously. == Do Good == Most religious people [[Living Wisely#Do Good|do good]] deeds. World peace advocate [[w:Jane_Addams|Jane Addams]] advised that "Action indeed is the sole medium of expression for ethics." Real good religions encourage practitioners to act for the good. Committed people are doing good improving our world and helping others as they increase their own [[Virtues/Gratitude|gratification]]. Consequential action combined with well-chosen, human-based values can make a significant difference. Courageous achievements that help others around the globe for all time is real good action. There are many ways to do good. === Assignment === # Complete the course ''[[Doing Good]]''. # Do the most good you can. # Volunteer to provide [[w:Community_service|community service]]. # Help to advance human rights, worldwide. == Advocacy == Traditional religious group expand their congregations by [[w:Proselytism|proselytizing]]—meeting people and advocating they join the religion. As one example, [[w:Jehovah's_Witnesses|Jehovah's Witnesses]] are known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people's homes, and distributing Watch Tower Society literature. In another example, [[w:Mormon_missionary|Mormon missionaries]] are volunteer representatives of the church who engage variously in proselytizing, church service, humanitarian aid, and community service. You may wish to advocate for your secular worldview. Use good judgement in adjusting the intensity and nature of your advocacy to strengthen rather than strain relationships.   === Assignment === # “[[Beyond Theism#Consider Coming Out|Come out]]”. Be proud to discuss your secular world view with friends, family, and other people you meet. ## Remain respectful and [[Candor|candid]]. ## [[Practicing Dialogue|Practice dialogue]]. ## You can obtain guidance and support for your decision to share your secular beliefs with others at the openly secular website<ref>https://openlysecular.org/</ref>. # Join one or more [[w:List_of_irreligious_organizations|secular advocacy organizations]] such as the [[w:American_Secular_Union|American Secular Union]], [[w:Freedom_From_Religion_Foundation|Freedom from Religion Foundation]], [[w:Recovering_from_Religion|Recovering from Religion]], the [[w:Secular_Coalition_for_America|Secular Coalition for America]], or one of their [[w:Secular_Coalition_for_America#History|member organizations]].   # Study the Wikiversity course [[Street Epistemology]]. # Practice [[Street Epistemology]] == Summary and Conclusions == Traditional religions are due for a makeover. You can leave behind the anachronisms, inconsistencies, divisiveness, and polarization of traditional religions and progress towards living a [[Living Wisely/Seeking Real Good|real good life]]. [[Living Wisely|Live wisely]]. == Recommended Reading == Students interested in exploring real good religions may wish to study the following materials: *{{cite book |last=De Botton |first=Alain |author-link=w:Alain_de_Botton |date=January 8, 2013 |title=Religion for Atheists: A Non-believer's Guide to the Uses of Religion |publisher=Vintage |pages=320 |isbn=978-0307476821}} * {{cite book |title=The Five Stages of the Soul: Charting the Spiritual Passages That Shape Our Lives |last=Moody |first=Harry R. |year=1998 |publisher=Anchor |isbn=978-0385486774 |pages=384}} * {{cite book |title=Spirit Matters |first=Michael |last=Lerner |authorlink=w:Michael_Lerner_(rabbi) |publisher=Hampton Roads Publishing |year=2002 |isbn=978-1571743602 |pages=384}} *{{cite book |last=Abrams |first=Nancy |date=March 10, 2015 |title=A God That Could Be Real: Spirituality, Science, and the Future of Our Planet |location= |publisher=Beacon Press |page=200 |isbn=978-0807073391 }} *{{cite book|title=Politics of Being: Wisdom and Science for a New Development Paradigm|last=Legrand|first=Thomas|date=December 4, 2021|publisher=Ocean of Wisdom Press|isbn=978-2957758302|pages=520}} *{{cite book |last=Ariely |first=Dan |author-link=w:Dan_Ariely |date=September 17, 2024 |title=Misbelief: What Makes Rational People Believe Irrational Things |publisher=Harper Perennial |pages=320 |isbn=978-0063280434}} * {{cite book |title=Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill |last=Ricard |first=Matthieu |author2=Daniel Goleman |year=2007 |publisher=Little, Brown and Company |isbn=978-0316167253 |pages=304}} * {{cite book|title=The Romance of Reality: How the Universe Organizes Itself to Create Life, Consciousness, and Cosmic Complexity|last=Azarian|first=Bobby|date=June 28, 2022|publisher=BenBella Books|isbn=978-1637740446|pages=320}} *[[w:Breaking_the_Spell:_Religion_as_a_Natural_Phenomenon|''Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon'']], by Daniel Dennett *{{cite book |last=Speckhardt |first=Roy |date=July 28, 2015 |title=Creating Change Through Humanism |publisher=Humanist Press |pages=192 |isbn=978-0-931779-65-7}} *{{cite book |last=McGowan |first=Dale |date=April 25, 2007 |title=Parenting Beyond Belief: On Raising Ethical, Caring Kids Without Religion |publisher=AMACOM |pages=304 |isbn=978-0814474266}} *{{cite book |last=Harris |first=Sam |author-link=w:Sam_Harris |date=2010 |title=[[w:The_Moral_Landscape |''The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values'']] |url= |publisher=Free Press |pages=322 |isbn=978-1-4391-7121-9}} *{{cite book |last=Musolino |first=Julien |date=January 6, 2015 |title=The Soul Fallacy: What Science Shows We Gain from Letting Go of Our Soul Beliefs |publisher=Prometheus Books |pages=287 |isbn=978-1616149628}} *{{cite book |last=Zuckerman |first=Phil |date=December 4, 2014 |title=Living the Secular Life: New Answers to Old Questions |publisher=Penguin Press |pages=288 |isbn=978-1594205088 }} *{{cite book |last=Trumble |first=Dennis R. |date=July 16, 2013 |title=The Way of Science: Finding Truth and Meaning in a Scientific Worldview |publisher=Prometheus Books |pages=375 |isbn=978-1616147556 }} *{{cite book |last=Keltner |first=Dacher |author-link=w:Dacher_Keltner |date=January 2, 2024 |title=Awe: The New Science of Everyday Wonder and How It Can Transform Your Life |publisher=Penguin Books |pages=336 |isbn=978-1984879707}} *{{cite book |last=Sagan |first=Sasha |author-link=w:Sasha_Sagan |date=October 5, 2021 |title=For Small Creatures Such as We: Rituals for Finding Meaning in Our Unlikely World |publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons |pages=304 |isbn=978-0735218796}} *{{cite book |last=Yunkaporta |first=Tyson |author-link= |date=May 18, 2021 |title=Sand Talk: How Indigenous Thinking Can Save the World |publisher=HarperOne |pages=256 |isbn=978-0062975621}} *{{cite book |last=Lightman |first=Alan |author-link=w:Alan_Lightman |date=March 14, 2023 |title=The Transcendent Brain: Spirituality in the Age of Science |publisher=Pantheon |pages=208 |isbn=978-0593317419}} *{{cite book |last=Legrand |first=Thomas |author-link= |date=December 4, 2021 |title=Politics of Being: Wisdom and Science for a New Development Paradigm |publisher=Ocean of Wisdom Press |pages=520 |isbn=978-2957758302}} *{{cite book |last=Schneider |first=Kirk J |author-link=w:Kirk_J._Schneider |date= |title=The Spirituality of Awe: Challenges to the Robotic Revolution |publisher=Waterside Productions |pages=158 |isbn=978-1945949692}} *{{cite book |last1=Moon |first1=Sadie Alwyn |last2=Dempsey |first2=Brendan Graham |author-link= |date= |title=Building the Cathedral: Answering the Meaning Crisis through Personal Myth |publisher=Independently published |pages=119 |isbn=979-8728831211}} *{{cite book |last=Fiand |first=Barbara |author-link= |date=July 1, 2008|title=Awe-Filled Wonder: The Interface of Science and Spirituality |publisher=Paulist Press |pages=96 |isbn=978-0809145294}} *{{cite book |last1=Goleman |first1=Daniel |last2=Davidson |first2=Richard |date=September 5, 2017 |title=Altered Traits: Science Reveals How Meditation Changes Your Mind, Brain, and Body |publisher=Avery |pages=336 |isbn=978-0399184383 |author-link=w:Daniel_Goleman }} *{{cite book |last=Singer |first=Peter |author-link=w:Peter_Singer |date=April 7, 2015 |title=[[w:The_Most_Good_You_Can_Do|The Most Good You Can Do]]: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically |publisher=Yale University Press |pages=232 |isbn=978-0300180275}} *{{cite book |last=Cooney |first=Nick |author-link=w:Nick_Cooney |date=April 27, 2015 |title=How To Be Great At Doing Good: Why Results Are What Count and How Smart Charity Can Change the World |publisher=Jossey-Bass |pages=208 |isbn=978-1119041719}} * {{cite book |title=Shared Values for a Troubled World: Conversations with Men and Women of Conscience |last=Kidder |first=Rushworth M.|author-link=w:Rushworth Kidder |year=1994 |publisher=Jossey-Bass |isbn=978-1555426033 |pages=332 }} *{{cite book |last=Ward |first=Keith |author-link=w:Keith Ward |date=April 1, 2013 |title=God: A Guide for the Perplexed |publisher=Oneworld Publications |pages=272 |isbn=978-1851689736}} I have not yet read the following books, but they seem interesting and relevant. They are listed here to invite further research. *''Beyond Religion: A Personal Program for Building a Spiritual Life Outside the Walls of Traditional Religion'' *''Unfollow: A Memoir of Loving and Leaving the Westboro Baptist Church'', by Megan Phelps-Roper *''Forgotten Truth: The Common Vision of the World's Religions'', by Huston Smith *''All Saints: Daily Reflections on Saints, Prophets, and Witnesses for Our Time'' , by Robert Ellsberg * ''[[w:Ancient_Wisdom,_Modern_World|Ethics for the New Millennium]]'' by Dalai Lama * ''The Kingdom, the Power, and the Glory: American Evangelicals in an Age of Extremism'', by Tim Alberta * ''Cutting God in Half - And Putting the Pieces Together Again a New Approach to Philosophy'', by Nicholas Maxwell * ''Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth'', by Reza Aslan, Ashraf Killany, Mounir Moussa, Hoda Abbas Moussa * ''Unveiled: How Western Liberals Empower Radical Islam'', by Yasmine Mohammed * ''Agnostic:A Spirited Manifesto'', by Lesley Hazlton * {{cite book|title=In My Time of Dying: How I Came Face to Face with the Idea of an Afterlife|last=Junger|first=Sebastian|date=May 21, 2024|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=‎978-1668050835|pages=176|author-link=}} * {{Cite book|title=Why Christianity must change or die: a bishop speaks to believers in exile; a new reformation of the church's faith and practice|last=Spong|first=John Shelby|date=1999|publisher=HarperSan Francisco|isbn=978-0-06-067536-3|edition=1. HarperCollins paperback ed|location=San Francisco}} == References == <references/> {{CourseCat}} [[Category:Applied Wisdom]] [[Category:Humanities]] [[Category:Peace studies]] [[Category:Theology]] [[Category:Humanities courses]] {{Clear Thinking}} fjb8afqwqs117nd39om3co25bnpevu6 0 305856 2688816 2634305 2024-11-25T17:25:42Z 2409:4065:C07:7A17:0:0:9BC8:BF14 2688816 wikitext text/x-wiki Kaku sali amar ki kycmgmfumuvlm6u3rlfdn0ntpqwvegd 0 305986 2688902 2688759 2024-11-26T10:56:09Z HassanAlsamara 2947618 /* How does the CADM work? */ 2688902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Comprehensive action determination model:<br>What is the CADM and how can it be applied to understanding human motivation?}} <div align=center></div> {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/Fde1L08wMl4}} <div align=center></div> __TOC__ ==Overview== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}{{Image|float=right|pad=20px|name=Footprint water.png|width=300px|caption=Figure 1: Water footprint}}'''Scenario''' You're exploring how university students’ water use habits relate to their broader attitudes towards sustainability. Specifically, you’ve noticed that some students leave taps running or wastewater during breaks, and you want to understand why this happens. You’re curious about the internal and external factors that influence this behaviour, like whether students are unaware of the environmental impact of their actions, or if they just don’t prioritize sustainability in their daily routines. Additionally, you want to investigate how their broader attitudes toward the environment influence their actions. You have come across an “integrated model” of behaviour. This model combines elements from various theories to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how people act. You think this model could be useful for analysing why students might neglect simple conservation practices like turning off taps, despite being able to adopt more sustainable habits. {{RoundBoxBottom}} The Comprehensive action determination model is a theoretical framework designed to explain human behaviour. It proposes that behaviour is directly predicted by three processes: habitual, situational, and intentional, and indirectly influenced by normative processes. This complex model can aid research in understanding human motivation by breaking down the processes, evaluating the outcomes, and examining the underlying context behind behaviour. {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}} '''Focus questions''' * What is motivation? * What is the Comprehensive Action Determination Model (CADM)? * What are the underpinning theories behind the CADM? * How can the CADM be applied to understanding human motivation? {{RoundBoxBottom}} == What is motivation? == [[File:Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.svg|thumb|442x442px|Figure 2: Pyramid depicting the structure of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. ]] Defining behaviour is needed to understand [[motivation]].Behaviour is the way an individual acts, communicates, conducts themselves. Motivation, on the other hand, is the "why" behind behaviour the reasons underlying why people act in certain ways. Theorists explain motivation as the attribute that moves us to do or not to do something (Lai, 2011). The word ''motivation'' comes from the Latin verb ''movere'', meaning "to move" (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2021). Motivation also impacts [[emotion]]. Achieving goals brings joy and satisfaction, boosting future motivation. However, a lack of motivation can lead to negative emotions and frustration, which may affect future behaviour.(Bradley & Lang, 2007). Motivation is said to have three important components that drive behaviour direction, intensity, and persistence. Direction refers to how motivation shapes peoples choices and goals. Intensity is how motivation affects the effort people put in. Persistence is how motivation influences how long people keep working toward our goals. (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2021). Many theories have been developed to understand motivation, these include Herzberg's [[wikipedia:Two-factor_theory|Two-factor theory]] (Herzberg et al., 1959; Herzberg et al., 2011), [[Self-determination theory]] (Deci, 1972, 2000), and [[Maslow's hierarchy of needs]] (Figure 2) (Maslow, 1943). Theorists argue that it is unrealistic to create an elaborate super-theory to understand motivation due to its complexity and the countless variables that affect it. They argue that the complexity of motivation cannot be understood through a single theory or model (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2021). == Comprehensive action determination model (CADM) == The Comprehensive action determination model was first proposed by Klöckner and Blöbaum in 2010 (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). They argue that one of the main goals of [[environmental psychology]] is to understand what determines people's actions, in relation to environmental influences. Klöckner and Blöbaum also note that several well-established models have been proposed, however none of these models provide an adequate representation of the multiple factors that determine behaviour (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). They further argue that integrated approaches combining two models, the Theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) and the Norm-activation model (Schwartz, 1977), have shown promise (Liu et al., 2017, Onwezen et al., 2013), especially when the concept of [[wikipedia:Habit|habit]] is also incorporated (Klöckner et al., 2003). Additionally, Klöckner and Blöbaum highlight that the Ipsative theory of behaviour offers a valuable perspective on the situational determination of behaviour (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). However, these theories (the Theory of planned behaviour and the Norm-activation model) have proven successful in specific domains, they exhibit limitations in other areas (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). The CADM unifies the Theory of planned behaviour, the Norm-activation model, the Ipsative theory of behaviour , and the concept of habit into one integrated framework. Klöckner and Blöbaum (2010) propose that combining these existing theories into a single model may result in a more universally applicable framework that accounts for all relevant factors and influences affecting behaviour. (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). === Underpinning theories of CADM === To understand the comprehensive action determination model, an understanding of the underpinning models, theories and theoretical concepts is required. As stated in the previous paragraph these are the theory of planned behaviour, the Norm-activation model, the Ipsative theory of behaviour and the theoretical concept of habit. ==== Theory of planned behaviour ==== [[File:Theory of planned behaviour.png|thumb|405x405px|Figure 3: Flow diagram of the Theory of Planned Behaviour ]] The Theory of planned behaviour was first proposed by Ajzen in 1991 (Ajzen, 1991). The theory consists of three constructs: behavioural intention, attitude toward behaviour, and subjective norms. Behavioural intention refers to the motivation behind a behaviour, the stronger the intention, the more likely the behaviour is to be performed. Attitudes refers to how positively or negatively a person evaluates a specific behaviour. Subjective norms refer to the social pressures to perform or not perform a given behaviour. Perceived behavioural control is also a key construct in the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and it refers to how a person perceives the difficulty of performing a specific behaviour (Asare, 2015). The theory suggests that attitudes toward the behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control all influence behavioural intention, which in turn leads to behaviour, as depicted in Figure 3. Klockner and Blobaum (2010) argue that the Theory of planned behaviour focuses too much on intention while neglecting the role of objective situational constraints, habits, and personal norms. ==== Norm-activation model ==== The Norm-activation model was first proposed by Schwartz in 1977 (Schwartz, 1977). The model suggests that behaviour is predicted by personal norms. Schwartz (1977) defines personal norms as “feelings of moral obligation, not as intentions” (Onwezen et al., 2013). The model posits that personal norms are influenced by two factors: awareness of consequences and awareness of needs (sometimes referred to as the ascription of responsibility). Awareness of consequences refers to the understanding that performing or not performing a certain behaviour leads to specific outcomes. Awareness of needs involves the feeling of responsibility to perform a particular behaviour (Onwezen et al., 2013; Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). As depicted in Figure 4, both awareness of consequences and awareness of needs predict personal norms, which in turn predict behaviour. Klockner and Blobaum (2010) identify limitations of the model, stating that “The Norm-activation model focuses on personal norms but underestimates the roles of habits, intentions, attitudes, and the situational context.” [[File:Norm activation model.png|center|thumb|610x610px|Figure 4: Flow diagram of the Norm-Activation Model ]] ==== Ipsative theory of behaviour ==== The Ipsative theory of behaviour was proposed by Frey (1988). The theory suggests that a person's behaviour can be limited or obstructed by the absence of genuine or perceived opportunities, influenced by both internal and external circumstances (Tanner, 1999). The theory consists of three presumptions about human behaviour. Firstly, objective constraints are assumed to influence behaviour. These constraints determine what a person can do, what they ought to do, or what they are permitted to do within a specific society. These variables make up the "objective possibility set," which limits or hinders people's ability to engage in certain activities (Tanner, 1999). Secondly, ipsative constraints prevent the activation of alternative behaviours. Ipsative constraints form the "ipsative possibility set," which individuals regard as relevant to their behavioural decisions (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010, Tanner, 1999). Finally, subjective constraints are believed to directly affect preferences rather than determining participation in specific actions, they influence a person's willingness to act (Tanner, 1999). Klockner and Blobaum (2010) argue that while the Ipsative theory of behaviour effectively outlines the objective and subjective aspects of situations as predictors of behaviour, it overlooks intentional, habitual, and normative processes. ==== Habits ==== The theoretical concept of [[wikipedia:Habit|habit]] was incorporated into the CADM to address limitations found in the Theory of planned behaviour and the Norm-activation model in predicting repetitive behaviours (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010). Habits can be defined as learned tendencies to repeat previous behaviours. They are activated by contextual elements that are often linked to past performances, such as specific locations, preceding actions in a sequence, and particular individuals (Woods & Neal, 2007). The concept of habit was added to account for structural differences between actions that are frequent and those that are rare or performed for the first time. When decisions are frequently made with satisfying outcomes, the influence of decision-making in given situations decreases, resulting in more automated behavioural patterns (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010., Triandis, 1979). Klockner and Blobaum (2010) note that although the concept of habit recognises the interaction between intentions and habits, it does not fully account for non-automatic situational facilitation, constraints on behaviour, or normative processes. === How does the CADM work? === The Comprehensive action determination model proposes that behaviour is determined by three possible direct sources or processes: habitual, intentional, and situational as depicted in figure 5. Habitual processes include schemata, heuristics, and associations of behaviour. Intentional processes include attitudes and intentions behind behaviour and situational processes include both objective and subjective constraints on behaviour. A fourth process, the normative process, is also present, but it does not directly affect behaviour. Instead, it influences intentional and habitual processes. The normative process includes social norms, personal norms, and awareness of needs and consequences. Klockner and Blobaum (2010) explain that attitudes, subjective constraints (e.g., [[wikipedia:Perceived_control|perceived behavioural control]]), and personal and social norms are used to generate intentions. They further explain that attitudes reflect cognitive and emotional beliefs about behaviour, while perceived behavioural control represents beliefs about the degree of control or determination one has over their actions. Additionally, personal and social norms shape the moral framework that guides the decision-making process leading to behaviour. Personal norms are rooted in an individual’s value system and can be seen as the motivations behind decision-making (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010). However, the normative process also influences habits, as it has higher temporal stability compared to attitudes and perceived behavioural control. Situational processes and perceived behavioural control are also thought to activate personal norms by creating awareness of needs and consequences, which then generate intentions. Habitual and situational processes are believed to interfere with intentional processes and can moderate the influence of intentions on behaviour. Perceived behavioural control is essential for activating both normative and intentional processes. As a result, situational influences affect both normative and intentional processes. Furthermore, habits are said to form through the successful execution of behaviour in specific situations, meaning situational processes also influence habitual behaviours. Finally, behaviour influences changes in personal norms, and habits, in turn, affect future behaviour (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010). [[File:Comprehensive action determination model.png|center|thumb|508x508px|Figure 5: Simplified flow diagram of the Comprehensive Action Determination Model ]] The CADM in Figure 5 is a simplified version of the CADM, Klockner an Bloblaum delve into further detail on the individual aspects apart of different processes and how they affect one another. Figure 6 depicts the detailed CADM utilizing the example of water conservation behaviours for the scenario at the start of the chapter. According to Klockner and Blobaum (2010), behaviour is primarily predicted by intentions and perceived behavioural control. Intentions, in turn, are generated from perceived behavioural control, social norms, and attitudes. In this scenario, habitual processes, such as water usage habits, directly predict the likelihood of engaging in water conservation efforts and moderate the relationship between intention and conservation behaviour.  Personal norms are identified as predictors of intention, they do not directly predict conservation behaviour. Personal norms are shaped by awareness of environmental needs and consequences and are activated through perceived behavioural control, which creates a sense of moral obligation. Furthermore, social norms influence personal norms, as they are internalized and are a part of the individual’s value system (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010). Personal norms also influence the formation of habits. Klockner and Blobaum (2010) indicate that both subjective constraints (perceived behavioural control) and objective constraints (access to water) are direct predictors of conservation behaviour. Since habits tend to demonstrate long-term stability, water usage habits should be influenced by perceived behavioural control and water access. Both perceived behavioural control and water access also act as mediators in the relationship between intention and water conservation behaviour. Finally, conservation behaviour feeds back onto personal norms and habits [[File:Comprehensive Action Determination Model water usage behaviour.png|center|thumb|445x445px|Figure 6: Detailed flow diagram of Comprehensive action determination model In context to water usage behaviours]] === Current research on the CADM === Since its proposal in 2010, the Comprehensive action determination model has gained some traction in recent literature. The research on this model is primarily focused on environmental behaviour (link to wiki) (Klockner, 2013). Environmental behaviour refers to actions, attitudes, and practices related to the environment. It encompasses how people interact with their physical surroundings, how they perceive environmental issues, and how their behaviours impact the environment, either positively or negatively. Current research applying the CADM includes studies on sustainable farming (Tan, 2024), food waste behaviour (Cheng et al., 2024), reducing personal clothing consumption (Joanes et al., 2020), and recycling behaviours (Klockner & Oppedal, 2011; Fang et al., 2021; Ofstad et al., 2017). Research conducted by Tan (2024) on sustainable farming found that the CADM was the most effective model for analysing and predicting persistent agricultural practices, contributing to a deeper understanding of behavioural determinants in sustainable agriculture. Cheng and colleagues (2024) also found the CADM to be effective in exploring food waste behaviours. The model showed positive results in studies of recycling behaviour (Klockner & Oppedal, 2011; Fang et al., 2021; Ofstad et al., 2017) and clothing consumption (Joanes et al., 2020). Although the CADM has shown notable success in recent applications and studies, it is important to recognise that the existing body of literature remains relatively limited. As such, there is a pressing need for further research to enhance the generalisability of these findings and ensure their applicability across a broader range of contexts and scenarios. === Limitations to the CADM === The Comprehensive action determination model has two notable limitations: complexity and being data intensive. The model’s complex nature can be seen as a significant drawback. It can be difficult to interpret initially, as it combines elements from the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the Norm-Activation Model, the Ipsative Theory of Behaviour, and the concept of habit. This complexity is further compounded by the presence of numerous variables that not only influence each other but also interact in intricate ways, with some variables acting as mediators, moderators, or both. These interrelationships make it challenging to fully understand how each factor contributes to the overall behaviour being studied. The interplay between these variables often requires careful analysis to untangle their individual and combined effects on the model’s outcomes. The complex nature of the CADM may not be practical in situations where quick decisions are needed, as the analysis of CADM is typically too thorough for such rapid decision-making. Secondly, the model is limited by its data-intensive nature. As noted earlier, its complexity means that analysing each variable within the dataset can be challenging. This data analysis process is often time-consuming and labour-intensive, making it difficult to replicate the model with different populations or in various contexts. The need for large, detailed datasets also poses challenges for scalability and generalisation, further complicating its application across diverse groups or settings. As a result, its practical use may be constrained in environments where data availability is limited or where the computational resources required for analysis are not feasible. == CADM and understanding human motivation == === Examining context === The Comprehensive action determination model allows researchers to examine the context behind human behaviour. Examining the context behind behaviour helps researchers gain deeper insights into the motivations that drive specific behaviours. Furthermore, it allows researchers to assess the strength of the motivation in relation to the context. Additionally, Normative process such as personal norms and social norms are known to influence intentions which lead to behaviour. Based on the behaviour, researchers can identify if social norms such as cultural norms or societal expectations have a stronger influence on intentions more than personal norms, even though it is said by Klockner and Blobaum (2010) that personal norms are affected by social norms. The use of the CADM in behavioural research provides a framework for breaking down the contexts underlying behaviours and the motivations that are involved, offering valuable insights into both individual and collective action. === Evaluating outcomes === Using the Comprehensive action determination model in longitudinal studies helps researchers explore how past behaviours influence future actions. By following participants over time, these studies offer insights into how behaviours, habits, and perceived control in specific situations shape future behaviour. The CADM allows researchers to track patterns and identify the motivations driving behaviour change. One key area where CADM is valuable is studying habit formation. Repeated behaviours can become automatic over time, requiring less mental effort and fostering a sense of control. The model helps explain how certain behaviour turn into habits by examining past actions, the emotional and cognitive states tied to them, and the environments in which they occur. Researchers can track how habits develop, strengthen, or fade, and how they motivate future decisions. The CADM also emphasises the role of feedback loops in behaviour change. Positive or negative outcomes from past behaviours can strengthen or weaken future actions. These feedback loops can either reinforce existing behaviours or lead to changes. The model allows researchers to trace these feedback mechanisms and how they impact future behaviour. By using CADM in longitudinal studies, researchers can better understand how past behaviour’s motivate future actions. This approach sheds light on the role of habits, perceived control, situational factors, and feedback in shaping behaviour over time. The insights gained can help develop more effective strategies for behaviour change and intervention, providing a deeper understanding of the factors that motivate long-term behaviour. === Understanding behavioural processes === The Comprehensive action determination model offers a valuable framework for understanding human motivation by systematically breaking down the various behavioural processes that drive actions. This model allows researchers to dissect the factors influencing motivation at different stages, such as habitual and situational processes. By applying the CADM, studies can identify specific points in the motivational process where individuals may excel such as during moments of strong goal commitment or accomplishment as well as areas where motivation may falter, such as in the face of adversity or lack of support. The CADM provides a deeper understanding of how different variables interact to either enhance or undermine motivation, ultimately helping to design more effective strategies for fostering sustained effort and engagement across various contexts. == Conclusion == Motivation is the fundamental "why" behind Behaviour; it fuels drive to pursue goals, overcome challenges, and sustain effort over time. It is the explanation behind behaviour. Understanding motivation is important because it helps us identify the driving forces behind behaviour. The Comprehensive action determination model explains how individuals make decisions in relation to habitual, intentional, situational and normative processes, all of which affect each other in complex ways. The CADM integrates preexisting "action determination models," such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the Norm-Activation Model, the Ipsative Theory of Behaviour, and the theoretical concept of habit, into what is believed to be a comprehensive model of behaviour. The CADM can be applied to understanding human motivation by examining the context behind behaviour and the underlying motives that influence such contexts. It can be used to evaluate outcomes to investigate how past behaviour can motivate and shape future actions. Finally, by understanding the behavioural processes within the CADM, researchers can identify where motivation may excel or falter, depending on the outcomes of behaviour. Motivation is the core driver of behaviour, influencing how goals are set and achieved. The Comprehensive action determination model helps explain how motivation interacts with various factors like habits, intentions, and situational influences. By understanding this model, Researcher can gain insight into the underlying motives behind actions and improve decision-making, ultimately shaping future behaviour. ==Learning features== <quiz display="simple"> {Motivation is a predictor of behaviour: |type="()"} + True - False {Exploring correlations between variables relating to certain behaviour is an application to the CADM |type="()"} + True - False </quiz> ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2013/Environmental behaviour|Environmental behaviour]] (Book chapter, 2013) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Environmental cues and habits|Environmental cues and habits]] (Book chapter, 2024) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2015/Extrinsic motivation and antisocial behaviour in children|Extrinsic motivation and antisocial behaviour in children]] (Book chapter, 2015) ==References== {{Hanging indent|1=Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Asare, M. (2015). USING THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR TO DETERMINE THE CONDOM USE BEHAVIOR AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS. American Journal of Health Studies, 30(1), 43. Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2007). Emotion and motivation. In J. T. Cacioppo, L. G. Tassinary, & G. G. Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (3rd ed., pp. 581–607). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546396.025 Cheng, X., Zhang, J., & Li, W. (2024). What shapes food waste behaviors? New insights from a comprehensive action determination model. Waste Management, 181, 188–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.017 Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030644 Fang, W.-T., Huang, M.-H., Cheng, B.-Y., Chiu, R.-J., Chiang, Y.-T., Hsu, C.-W., & Ng, E. (2021). Applying a Comprehensive Action Determination Model to Examine the Recycling Behavior of Taipei City Residents. Sustainability, 13(2), 490–490. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020490 Frey, B. S. (1988). Ipsative and objective limits to human behavior. Journal of Behavioral Economics, 17(4), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-5720(88)90012-5 Frey, B.S. (1992). An Ipsative Theory of Human Behaviour. In: Economics As a Science of Human Behaviour. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1374-0_12 Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (2011). The motivation to work. Herzbert, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. (1959). The Motivation to Work. Nueva York. Joanes, T., Gwozdz, W., & Klöckner, C. A. (2020). Reducing personal clothing consumption: A cross-cultural validation of the comprehensive action determination model. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 71, 101396–101396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101396 Klöckner, C. A. (2013). A comprehensive model of the psychology of environmental behaviour—A meta-analysis. Global Environmental Change, 23(5), 1028–1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.014 KLöckner, C. A., Matthies, E., & Hunecke, M. (2003). Problems of Operationalizing Habits and Integrating Habits in Normative Decision‐Making Models1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(2), 396–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01902.x Klöckner, C. A., & Oppedal, I. O. (2011). General vs. domain specific recycling behaviour—Applying a multilevel comprehensive action determination model to recycling in Norwegian student homes. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 55(4), 463–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.12.009 Lai, E. R. (2011). Motivation: A literature review. Person Research’s Report, 6, 40-41. Liu, Y., Sheng, H., Mundorf, N., Redding, C., & Ye, Y. (2017). Integrating Norm Activation Model and Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Sustainable Transport Behavior: Evidence from China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(12), 1593–1593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121593 Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review google scholar, 2, 21-28. Ofstad, S., Tobolova, M., Alim Nayum, & Klöckner, C. (2017). Understanding the Mechanisms behind Changing People’s Recycling Behavior at Work by Applying a Comprehensive Action Determination Model. Sustainability, 9(2), 204–204. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020204 Onwezen, M. C., Antonides, G., & Bartels, J. (2013). The Norm Activation Model: An exploration of the functions of anticipated pride and guilt in pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.07.005 Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68 Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative Influences on Altruism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 221–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60358-5 Tan, J. J. H. (2024). Sustaining Sustainable Farming: An Evaluation of the Reasoned Action and Comprehensive Action Determination Frameworks for Persistence (Master's thesis, California Polytechnic State University). TANNER, C. (1999). CONSTRAINTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1999.0121 Triandis, H. C. (1979). Values, attitudes, and interpersonal behavior. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 27, 195–259. Wood, W., & Neal, D. T. (2007). A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. Psychological review, 114(4), 843. Zoltán Dörnyei, & Ushioda, E. (2021). Teaching and Researching Motivation. In Routledge eBooks. Informa. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351006743 }} ==External links== * [https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/motivation-how-to-get-started-and-staying-motivated Motivation] (Healthdirect) * Theory of planned behaviour (Wikipedia) [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Behaviour]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Environment]] tn6k2zzs1dveqcl4sywgpt9r2pgma2d 2688907 2688902 2024-11-26T11:39:47Z HassanAlsamara 2947618 /* Current research on the CADM */ 2688907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Comprehensive action determination model:<br>What is the CADM and how can it be applied to understanding human motivation?}} <div align=center></div> {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/Fde1L08wMl4}} <div align=center></div> __TOC__ ==Overview== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}{{Image|float=right|pad=20px|name=Footprint water.png|width=300px|caption=Figure 1: Water footprint}}'''Scenario''' You're exploring how university students’ water use habits relate to their broader attitudes towards sustainability. Specifically, you’ve noticed that some students leave taps running or wastewater during breaks, and you want to understand why this happens. You’re curious about the internal and external factors that influence this behaviour, like whether students are unaware of the environmental impact of their actions, or if they just don’t prioritize sustainability in their daily routines. Additionally, you want to investigate how their broader attitudes toward the environment influence their actions. You have come across an “integrated model” of behaviour. This model combines elements from various theories to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how people act. You think this model could be useful for analysing why students might neglect simple conservation practices like turning off taps, despite being able to adopt more sustainable habits. {{RoundBoxBottom}} The Comprehensive action determination model is a theoretical framework designed to explain human behaviour. It proposes that behaviour is directly predicted by three processes: habitual, situational, and intentional, and indirectly influenced by normative processes. This complex model can aid research in understanding human motivation by breaking down the processes, evaluating the outcomes, and examining the underlying context behind behaviour. {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}} '''Focus questions''' * What is motivation? * What is the Comprehensive Action Determination Model (CADM)? * What are the underpinning theories behind the CADM? * How can the CADM be applied to understanding human motivation? {{RoundBoxBottom}} == What is motivation? == [[File:Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.svg|thumb|442x442px|Figure 2: Pyramid depicting the structure of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. ]] Defining behaviour is needed to understand [[motivation]].Behaviour is the way an individual acts, communicates, conducts themselves. Motivation, on the other hand, is the "why" behind behaviour the reasons underlying why people act in certain ways. Theorists explain motivation as the attribute that moves us to do or not to do something (Lai, 2011). The word ''motivation'' comes from the Latin verb ''movere'', meaning "to move" (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2021). Motivation also impacts [[emotion]]. Achieving goals brings joy and satisfaction, boosting future motivation. However, a lack of motivation can lead to negative emotions and frustration, which may affect future behaviour.(Bradley & Lang, 2007). Motivation is said to have three important components that drive behaviour direction, intensity, and persistence. Direction refers to how motivation shapes peoples choices and goals. Intensity is how motivation affects the effort people put in. Persistence is how motivation influences how long people keep working toward our goals. (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2021). Many theories have been developed to understand motivation, these include Herzberg's [[wikipedia:Two-factor_theory|Two-factor theory]] (Herzberg et al., 1959; Herzberg et al., 2011), [[Self-determination theory]] (Deci, 1972, 2000), and [[Maslow's hierarchy of needs]] (Figure 2) (Maslow, 1943). Theorists argue that it is unrealistic to create an elaborate super-theory to understand motivation due to its complexity and the countless variables that affect it. They argue that the complexity of motivation cannot be understood through a single theory or model (Dörnyei & Ushioda, 2021). == Comprehensive action determination model (CADM) == The Comprehensive action determination model was first proposed by Klöckner and Blöbaum in 2010 (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). They argue that one of the main goals of [[environmental psychology]] is to understand what determines people's actions, in relation to environmental influences. Klöckner and Blöbaum also note that several well-established models have been proposed, however none of these models provide an adequate representation of the multiple factors that determine behaviour (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). They further argue that integrated approaches combining two models, the Theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) and the Norm-activation model (Schwartz, 1977), have shown promise (Liu et al., 2017, Onwezen et al., 2013), especially when the concept of [[wikipedia:Habit|habit]] is also incorporated (Klöckner et al., 2003). Additionally, Klöckner and Blöbaum highlight that the Ipsative theory of behaviour offers a valuable perspective on the situational determination of behaviour (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). However, these theories (the Theory of planned behaviour and the Norm-activation model) have proven successful in specific domains, they exhibit limitations in other areas (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). The CADM unifies the Theory of planned behaviour, the Norm-activation model, the Ipsative theory of behaviour , and the concept of habit into one integrated framework. Klöckner and Blöbaum (2010) propose that combining these existing theories into a single model may result in a more universally applicable framework that accounts for all relevant factors and influences affecting behaviour. (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). === Underpinning theories of CADM === To understand the comprehensive action determination model, an understanding of the underpinning models, theories and theoretical concepts is required. As stated in the previous paragraph these are the theory of planned behaviour, the Norm-activation model, the Ipsative theory of behaviour and the theoretical concept of habit. ==== Theory of planned behaviour ==== [[File:Theory of planned behaviour.png|thumb|405x405px|Figure 3: Flow diagram of the Theory of Planned Behaviour ]] The Theory of planned behaviour was first proposed by Ajzen in 1991 (Ajzen, 1991). The theory consists of three constructs: behavioural intention, attitude toward behaviour, and subjective norms. Behavioural intention refers to the motivation behind a behaviour, the stronger the intention, the more likely the behaviour is to be performed. Attitudes refers to how positively or negatively a person evaluates a specific behaviour. Subjective norms refer to the social pressures to perform or not perform a given behaviour. Perceived behavioural control is also a key construct in the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and it refers to how a person perceives the difficulty of performing a specific behaviour (Asare, 2015). The theory suggests that attitudes toward the behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control all influence behavioural intention, which in turn leads to behaviour, as depicted in Figure 3. Klockner and Blobaum (2010) argue that the Theory of planned behaviour focuses too much on intention while neglecting the role of objective situational constraints, habits, and personal norms. ==== Norm-activation model ==== The Norm-activation model was first proposed by Schwartz in 1977 (Schwartz, 1977). The model suggests that behaviour is predicted by personal norms. Schwartz (1977) defines personal norms as “feelings of moral obligation, not as intentions” (Onwezen et al., 2013). The model posits that personal norms are influenced by two factors: awareness of consequences and awareness of needs (sometimes referred to as the ascription of responsibility). Awareness of consequences refers to the understanding that performing or not performing a certain behaviour leads to specific outcomes. Awareness of needs involves the feeling of responsibility to perform a particular behaviour (Onwezen et al., 2013; Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). As depicted in Figure 4, both awareness of consequences and awareness of needs predict personal norms, which in turn predict behaviour. Klockner and Blobaum (2010) identify limitations of the model, stating that “The Norm-activation model focuses on personal norms but underestimates the roles of habits, intentions, attitudes, and the situational context.” [[File:Norm activation model.png|center|thumb|610x610px|Figure 4: Flow diagram of the Norm-Activation Model ]] ==== Ipsative theory of behaviour ==== The Ipsative theory of behaviour was proposed by Frey (1988). The theory suggests that a person's behaviour can be limited or obstructed by the absence of genuine or perceived opportunities, influenced by both internal and external circumstances (Tanner, 1999). The theory consists of three presumptions about human behaviour. Firstly, objective constraints are assumed to influence behaviour. These constraints determine what a person can do, what they ought to do, or what they are permitted to do within a specific society. These variables make up the "objective possibility set," which limits or hinders people's ability to engage in certain activities (Tanner, 1999). Secondly, ipsative constraints prevent the activation of alternative behaviours. Ipsative constraints form the "ipsative possibility set," which individuals regard as relevant to their behavioural decisions (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010, Tanner, 1999). Finally, subjective constraints are believed to directly affect preferences rather than determining participation in specific actions, they influence a person's willingness to act (Tanner, 1999). Klockner and Blobaum (2010) argue that while the Ipsative theory of behaviour effectively outlines the objective and subjective aspects of situations as predictors of behaviour, it overlooks intentional, habitual, and normative processes. ==== Habits ==== The theoretical concept of [[wikipedia:Habit|habit]] was incorporated into the CADM to address limitations found in the Theory of planned behaviour and the Norm-activation model in predicting repetitive behaviours (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010). Habits can be defined as learned tendencies to repeat previous behaviours. They are activated by contextual elements that are often linked to past performances, such as specific locations, preceding actions in a sequence, and particular individuals (Woods & Neal, 2007). The concept of habit was added to account for structural differences between actions that are frequent and those that are rare or performed for the first time. When decisions are frequently made with satisfying outcomes, the influence of decision-making in given situations decreases, resulting in more automated behavioural patterns (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010., Triandis, 1979). Klockner and Blobaum (2010) note that although the concept of habit recognises the interaction between intentions and habits, it does not fully account for non-automatic situational facilitation, constraints on behaviour, or normative processes. === How does the CADM work? === The Comprehensive action determination model proposes that behaviour is determined by three possible direct sources or processes: habitual, intentional, and situational as depicted in figure 5. Habitual processes include schemata, heuristics, and associations of behaviour. Intentional processes include attitudes and intentions behind behaviour and situational processes include both objective and subjective constraints on behaviour. A fourth process, the normative process, is also present, but it does not directly affect behaviour. Instead, it influences intentional and habitual processes. The normative process includes social norms, personal norms, and awareness of needs and consequences. Klockner and Blobaum (2010) explain that attitudes, subjective constraints (e.g., [[wikipedia:Perceived_control|perceived behavioural control]]), and personal and social norms are used to generate intentions. They further explain that attitudes reflect cognitive and emotional beliefs about behaviour, while perceived behavioural control represents beliefs about the degree of control or determination one has over their actions. Additionally, personal and social norms shape the moral framework that guides the decision-making process leading to behaviour. Personal norms are rooted in an individual’s value system and can be seen as the motivations behind decision-making (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010). However, the normative process also influences habits, as it has higher temporal stability compared to attitudes and perceived behavioural control. Situational processes and perceived behavioural control are also thought to activate personal norms by creating awareness of needs and consequences, which then generate intentions. Habitual and situational processes are believed to interfere with intentional processes and can moderate the influence of intentions on behaviour. Perceived behavioural control is essential for activating both normative and intentional processes. As a result, situational influences affect both normative and intentional processes. Furthermore, habits are said to form through the successful execution of behaviour in specific situations, meaning situational processes also influence habitual behaviours. Finally, behaviour influences changes in personal norms, and habits, in turn, affect future behaviour (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010). [[File:Comprehensive action determination model.png|center|thumb|508x508px|Figure 5: Simplified flow diagram of the Comprehensive Action Determination Model ]] The CADM in Figure 5 is a simplified version of the CADM, Klockner an Bloblaum delve into further detail on the individual aspects apart of different processes and how they affect one another. Figure 6 depicts the detailed CADM utilizing the example of water conservation behaviours for the scenario at the start of the chapter. According to Klockner and Blobaum (2010), behaviour is primarily predicted by intentions and perceived behavioural control. Intentions, in turn, are generated from perceived behavioural control, social norms, and attitudes. In this scenario, habitual processes, such as water usage habits, directly predict the likelihood of engaging in water conservation efforts and moderate the relationship between intention and conservation behaviour.  Personal norms are identified as predictors of intention, they do not directly predict conservation behaviour. Personal norms are shaped by awareness of environmental needs and consequences and are activated through perceived behavioural control, which creates a sense of moral obligation. Furthermore, social norms influence personal norms, as they are internalized and are a part of the individual’s value system (Klockner & Blobaum, 2010). Personal norms also influence the formation of habits. Klockner and Blobaum (2010) indicate that both subjective constraints (perceived behavioural control) and objective constraints (access to water) are direct predictors of conservation behaviour. Since habits tend to demonstrate long-term stability, water usage habits should be influenced by perceived behavioural control and water access. Both perceived behavioural control and water access also act as mediators in the relationship between intention and water conservation behaviour. Finally, conservation behaviour feeds back onto personal norms and habits [[File:Comprehensive Action Determination Model water usage behaviour.png|center|thumb|445x445px|Figure 6: Detailed flow diagram of Comprehensive action determination model In context to water usage behaviours]] === Current research on the CADM === Since its proposal in 2010, the Comprehensive action determination model has gained some traction in recent literature. The research on this model is primarily focused on [[wikipedia:Environmental_psychology|environmental behaviour]] (Klockner, 2013). Environmental behaviour refers to actions, attitudes, and practices related to the environment. It encompasses how people interact with their physical surroundings, how they perceive environmental issues, and how their behaviours impact the environment. Current research applying the CADM includes studies on sustainable farming (Tan, 2024), food waste behaviour (Cheng et al., 2024), reducing personal clothing consumption (Joanes et al., 2020), and recycling behaviours (Fang et al., 2021., Klockner & Oppedal, 2011., Ofstad et al., 2017). Research conducted by Tan (2024) on sustainable farming found that the CADM was the most effective model for analysing and predicting persistent agricultural practices, contributing to a deeper understanding of behavioural determinants in sustainable agriculture. Cheng and colleagues (2024) also found the CADM to be effective in exploring food waste behaviours. The model showed positive results in studies of recycling behaviour (Fang et al., 2021., Klockner & Oppedal, 2011., Ofstad et al., 2017) and clothing consumption (Joanes et al., 2020). Although the CADM has shown notable success in recent applications and studies, it is important to recognise that the existing body of literature remains limited.There is need for further research to enhance the generalisability of these findings and ensure their applicability across a broader range of contexts. === Limitations to the CADM === The Comprehensive action determination model has two notable limitations, complexity and being data intensive. The model’s complex nature can be difficult to interpret initially, as it combines elements from the Theory of planned Behaviour, the Norm-activation model, the Ipsative theory of behaviour, and the concept of habit. This complexity is further compounded by the presence of numerous variables that not only influence each other but also interact, with some variables acting as mediators, moderators, or both. These interrelationships make it challenging to understand how each factor contributes to behaviour. Furthermore, the complex nature of the CADM may not be practical in situations where quick decisions are needed, as the analysis of CADM is typically too thorough for quick decision-making. Secondly, the model is limited by its data-intensive nature. The data analysis process can be viewed as time-consuming, labour-intensive and could be difficult to replicate. == CADM and understanding human motivation == === Examining context === The Comprehensive action determination model allows researchers to examine the context behind human behaviour. Examining the context behind behaviour helps researchers gain deeper insights into the motivations that drive specific behaviours. Furthermore, it allows researchers to assess the strength of the motivation in relation to the context. Additionally, Normative process such as personal norms and social norms are known to influence intentions which lead to behaviour. Based on the behaviour, researchers can identify if social norms have a stronger influence on intentions more than personal norms, even though it is said by Klockner and Blobaum (2010) that personal norms are affected by social norms. The use of the CADM in behavioural research provides a framework for breaking down the motivations underlying behaviour. === Evaluating outcomes === Using the Comprehensive action determination model in longitudinal studies could help researchers explore how past behaviours influence future actions. By following participants over time, studies can offer insights into how behaviours, habits, and perceived control in specific situations shape future behaviour. The CADM allows researchers to track patterns and identify the motivations driving behaviour change. The CADM emphasises the role of feedback loops in behaviour change. Positive or negative outcomes from past behaviours can strengthen or weaken future actions. These feedback loops can either reinforce existing behaviours or lead to changes. The model allows researchers to track these feedback mechanisms and how they impact future behaviour. By using CADM in longitudinal studies, researchers can better understand how past behaviour’s motivate future actions. Evaluating outcomes can help develop more effective strategies for behaviour change and intervention, providing a deeper understanding of the factors that motivate long-term behaviour. === Understanding behavioural processes === The Comprehensive action determination model offers a valuable framework for understanding human motivation by systematically breaking down the various behavioural processes that drive actions. This model allows researchers to analyse the factors influencing motivation at different stages, such as habitual and situational processes. By applying the CADM, studies can identify specific points in the model where motivation may excel such as during moments of goal accomplishment as well as areas where motivation may falter, such as in the face of adversity or lack of support. The CADM provides a deeper understanding of how different variables interact to either enhance or undermine motivation. == Conclusion == Motivation is the fundamental "why" behind Behaviour; it fuels drive to pursue goals, overcome challenges, and sustain effort over time. It is the explanation behind behaviour. Understanding motivation is important because it helps us identify the driving forces behind behaviour. The Comprehensive action determination model explains how individuals make decisions in relation to habitual, intentional, situational and normative processes, all of which affect each other in complex ways. The CADM integrates preexisting "action determination models," such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the Norm-Activation Model, the Ipsative Theory of Behaviour, and the theoretical concept of habit, into what is believed to be a comprehensive model of behaviour. The CADM can be applied to understanding human motivation by examining the context behind behaviour and the underlying motives that influence such contexts. It can be used to evaluate outcomes to investigate how past behaviour can motivate and shape future actions. Finally, by understanding the behavioural processes within the CADM, researchers can identify where motivation may excel or falter, depending on the outcomes of behaviour. Motivation is the core driver of behaviour, influencing how goals are set and achieved. The Comprehensive action determination model helps explain how motivation interacts with various factors like habits, intentions, and situational influences. By understanding this model, Researcher can gain insight into the underlying motives behind actions and improve decision-making, ultimately shaping future behaviour. ==Learning features== <quiz display="simple"> {Motivation is a predictor of behaviour: |type="()"} + True - False {Exploring correlations between variables relating to certain behaviour is an application to the CADM |type="()"} + True - False </quiz> ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2013/Environmental behaviour|Environmental behaviour]] (Book chapter, 2013) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Environmental cues and habits|Environmental cues and habits]] (Book chapter, 2024) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2015/Extrinsic motivation and antisocial behaviour in children|Extrinsic motivation and antisocial behaviour in children]] (Book chapter, 2015) ==References== {{Hanging indent|1=Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Asare, M. (2015). USING THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR TO DETERMINE THE CONDOM USE BEHAVIOR AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS. American Journal of Health Studies, 30(1), 43. Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2007). Emotion and motivation. In J. T. Cacioppo, L. G. Tassinary, & G. G. Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (3rd ed., pp. 581–607). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511546396.025 Cheng, X., Zhang, J., & Li, W. (2024). What shapes food waste behaviors? New insights from a comprehensive action determination model. Waste Management, 181, 188–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.017 Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030644 Fang, W.-T., Huang, M.-H., Cheng, B.-Y., Chiu, R.-J., Chiang, Y.-T., Hsu, C.-W., & Ng, E. (2021). Applying a Comprehensive Action Determination Model to Examine the Recycling Behavior of Taipei City Residents. Sustainability, 13(2), 490–490. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020490 Frey, B. S. (1988). Ipsative and objective limits to human behavior. Journal of Behavioral Economics, 17(4), 229–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-5720(88)90012-5 Frey, B.S. (1992). An Ipsative Theory of Human Behaviour. In: Economics As a Science of Human Behaviour. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1374-0_12 Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (2011). The motivation to work. Herzbert, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. (1959). The Motivation to Work. Nueva York. Joanes, T., Gwozdz, W., & Klöckner, C. A. (2020). Reducing personal clothing consumption: A cross-cultural validation of the comprehensive action determination model. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 71, 101396–101396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101396 Klöckner, C. A. (2013). A comprehensive model of the psychology of environmental behaviour—A meta-analysis. Global Environmental Change, 23(5), 1028–1038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.014 KLöckner, C. A., Matthies, E., & Hunecke, M. (2003). Problems of Operationalizing Habits and Integrating Habits in Normative Decision‐Making Models1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(2), 396–417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01902.x Klöckner, C. A., & Oppedal, I. O. (2011). General vs. domain specific recycling behaviour—Applying a multilevel comprehensive action determination model to recycling in Norwegian student homes. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 55(4), 463–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.12.009 Lai, E. R. (2011). Motivation: A literature review. Person Research’s Report, 6, 40-41. Liu, Y., Sheng, H., Mundorf, N., Redding, C., & Ye, Y. (2017). Integrating Norm Activation Model and Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Sustainable Transport Behavior: Evidence from China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(12), 1593–1593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121593 Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review google scholar, 2, 21-28. Ofstad, S., Tobolova, M., Alim Nayum, & Klöckner, C. (2017). Understanding the Mechanisms behind Changing People’s Recycling Behavior at Work by Applying a Comprehensive Action Determination Model. Sustainability, 9(2), 204–204. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020204 Onwezen, M. C., Antonides, G., & Bartels, J. (2013). The Norm Activation Model: An exploration of the functions of anticipated pride and guilt in pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.07.005 Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68 Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative Influences on Altruism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 221–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60358-5 Tan, J. J. H. (2024). Sustaining Sustainable Farming: An Evaluation of the Reasoned Action and Comprehensive Action Determination Frameworks for Persistence (Master's thesis, California Polytechnic State University). TANNER, C. (1999). CONSTRAINTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.1999.0121 Triandis, H. C. (1979). Values, attitudes, and interpersonal behavior. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 27, 195–259. Wood, W., & Neal, D. T. (2007). A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface. Psychological review, 114(4), 843. Zoltán Dörnyei, & Ushioda, E. (2021). Teaching and Researching Motivation. In Routledge eBooks. Informa. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351006743 }} ==External links== * [https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/motivation-how-to-get-started-and-staying-motivated Motivation] (Healthdirect) * Theory of planned behaviour (Wikipedia) [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Behaviour]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Environment]] iquz5x96zrglxw8i6blz2x627tzjoj2 0 306617 2688872 2683399 2024-11-26T06:10:44Z Jtneill 10242 Copyediting 2688872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Emotion and time perception:<br>How does emotion affect perceptions of time?}} {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/gP_DQx_lzFE}} __TOC__ ==Overview== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=5}} '''Scenario''' You're seated in a large exam room, surrounded by other students, waiting for the proctor to signal the start of your final exam. The silence is heavy, and you can feel the tension in the room. As you glance at the clock, you notice the second hand ticking away slowly, with each second stretching endlessly. Finally, the exam begins. You dive into the questions, and suddenly, time seems to accelerate. The two-hour exam feels like it’s over in minutes, and as the proctor announces, "Time’s up," you can’t believe how fast it flew by. But how can time feel so different in the same setting? {{RoundBoxBottom}} This chapter focuses on understanding how emotional states such as stress, anxiety, or excitement can alter our perception of time. While the clock objectively ticks away at the same pace, our internal emotional experiences can distort our sense of time. This is especially relevant in high-pressure settings like exams, where time perception plays a critical role in performance. Through examining how emotions influence our sense of time, we can learn to manage stressful situations more effectively and even improve productivity in time-sensitive tasks. {{RoundBoxTop|theme=5}} '''Focus questions:''' *How do different emotions alter the perception of time? *How does emotional time perception affect everyday life? *How can awareness of emotional time distortion be beneficial? *What role do individual differences play in how emotions affect time perception? {{RoundBoxBottom}} === Understanding time perception and its importance === [[File:MontreGousset001.jpg|thumb|253x253px|'''Figure 1.''' Caption goes here]] Time perception, or how individuals experience time, is shaped by emotions and mental state. While clocks measure time objectively, individuals internal experiences often distort it. For example, anxiety can make time drag, while enjoyable activities can make it feel like time flies. This difference is reflected in sayings like "time flies when you're having fun" or “a watched pot never boils” (Moreira & Barbosa, 2024). Objective time follows a clock, but subjective time varies depending on focus and emotions. When calm or focused, time might seem to pass normally. However, stress or distraction can stretch or compress our sense of time (Gabel et.al., 2022). Factors like mood, attention, and stress levels affect time perception. When an individual is absorbed in tasks, time seems to pass quickly, but stress or boredom slows it down. These distortions impact decision-making, productivity, and well-being (Gabel et.al., 2022). Understanding how emotions influence time perception can help manage stressful situations better. For instance, recognising how time feels in high-pressure settings (like exams) allows individuals to regulate our emotions and use time more effectively. Mindfulness and stress management can also improve focus and time perception (Sarigiannidis et.al., 2020). In short, emotions shape how time is experienced and learning to manage these factors can improve productivity, decision-making, and emotional well-being (Ma et al., 2021). ==The Influence of Emotions on Time Perception== [[File:Plutchik-wheel.svg|thumb|316x316px]] Emotions play a crucial role in shaping our perception of time. Whether we're feeling happy, sad, or anxious, our emotional state can significantly alter how quickly or slowly time seems to pass. === Anxiety === [[Anxiety]] often causes time to feel as though it is slowing down. In stressful situations, the brain activates the fight-or-flight response, increasing awareness of the environment, including time. This heightened focus makes each moment seem longer (Moreira & Barbosa, 2024). For example, when waiting for an important event like an exam, anxiety can heighten awareness of time passing, making the wait feel much longer than it actually is. This response is driven by the brain’s survival instinct, which focuses on processing information that is crucial for survival, such as the passage of time, which then results in the feeling that time is dragging on (Gabel et.al., 2022). === Happiness === On the other hand, when people are happy, time often seems to fly by. Enjoyable activities tend to pull attention away from the clock, which means that someone's full full focus will be on what’s happening in the moment (McRobbie, 2023). This is especially true during "flow states," when someone becomes so engrossed in what they’re doing that they completely lose track of time (McRobbie, 2023). Whether it’s spending time with loved ones, enjoying a hobby, or doing something that brings joy, these moments show how happiness shifts attention away from time, creating the feeling that it has passed quickly. The more absorbed we are, the less we notice time slipping by (McRobbie, 2023). === Interest and Attention === Similar to happiness, how interested and focused we are on something has a big impact on how we experience time. When we're really concentrating and focused, time often seems to move faster. This is sometimes called being "in the zone," when deep focus makes us lose track of time (McRobbie, 2023). The mental effort required for a task, known as cognitive load, also plays a part and means that when we're fully engaged, time tends to speed up. This can happen not only during fun or exciting moments but even during neutral or routine activities. For example, even a “boring” task can seem to go by quickly if someone is fully absorbed in it (McRobbie, 2023). === Bordem{{sp}} === Boredom tends to have the opposite effect, making time feel like it’s dragging on. When we're not interested or engaged in what we're doing, it can seem like time stretches out endlessly (Wat, 1991). Research shows that boredom can distort our sense of time, making everything feel slower, which often leads to frustration and impatience (Wat, 1991). This happens a lot in places like waiting rooms, long meetings, or stretched out lectures, where there’s not much to keep the mind occupied (McRobbie, 2023). Not only does boredom slow down our perception of time, but it can also hurt productivity, as the frustration it brings can reduce motivation and focus (McRobbie, 2023). <quiz display="simple"> {Anxiety can make time feel as though it is speeding up due to the brain's heightened focus on the environment during stressful situations: |type="()"} - True + False {When people are fully engaged in an activity they enjoy, they are likely to lose track of time, making it feel like it passes quickly.: |type="()"} + True - False </quiz> == Theories on Time Perception == {{expand}} === The Attentional Gate Model === The Attentional Gate Model (Zakay & Block, 1997) offers a simple way to understand how our emotional and cognitive states impact time perception. According to this model, time perception depends on how frequently an “attentional gate” opens to allow pulses from an internal clock to pass into an accumulator (Bangert et.al., 2020). These pulses are counted to estimate how much time has passed and emotional states, such as stress or anxiety can influence how often this gate opens (Bangert et.al., 2020). When individuals are calm and focused, the attentional gate opens less frequently, meaning that there are less pulses being accumulated. As a result of the fewer pulses, time seems to move faster because our attention is mainly focused on the task at hand (Bangert et.al., 2020). On the contrary, in stressful or anxiety inducing situations, such as an exam or an interview, the gate opens more frequently, meaning that there are more pulses to pass through and accumulate. This increased attention to a task can make moments feel longer, leading to feeling that time is dragging on (Bangert et.al., 2020). In everyday life, this model explains why waiting for something important can feel never-ending as anxiety heightens an individual's awareness of time which then leads to an overestimation of its passage. Previous research has supported this model and has linked emotional arousal to altering time perception. For example, studies have found that individuals under stress typically tend to overestimate time due to the frequent opening of the attentional gate (Zakay & Block, 1997). This model also shows the role of focused attention because during high engagement to a task, sich as preparing for an exam or working on a project, time is noticed less by individuals because the attentional gate allows for less pulses to go through, which creates the feeling of time moving faster as are less aware of it (Bangert et.al., 2020). === Scalar Expectancy Theory === The Scalar Expectancy Theory, introduced by Gibbon in 1977, builds onto the attentional gate model. In this theory, an individual's internal pacemaker continues to generate pulses, which the accumulator counts (Zakay & Block, 1996). However, the differentiating factor in this theory is that individuals also compare these accumulated pulses to a mental reference memory of time intervals that have been experienced in the past. This comparison helps judge whether the time passing feels “normal” or if it feels distorted (Zakay & Block, 1996). When an individual experiences heightened emotional arousal such as during moments of anxiety or excitement, this comparison can lead to an altered perception of time. The brain ends up counting more pulses than expected in a specific timeframe, making it feel like time is dragging on (Zakay & Block, 1996). For example, when an individual is anxious before a big presentation, the sensation of time can stretch out because their brain perceives more pulses than it usually would. On the contrary, during low arousal situations or when an individual is highly engaged in an activity, their brains may underestimate the number of pulses, which can create the feeling that time is flying by (Zakay & Block, 1996). For example, think about how quickly time passes when you’re engaged in a good book or having fun with friends, your internal clock will go faster and you end up losing track of time. This theory helps explain why time perception can feel so different from one situation to the next and emphasises the importance of both emotional arousal and past experiences in shaping our internal clock. The Attentional Gate Model and Scalar Expectancy Theory offer complementary perspectives on how emotions can shape an individual's perception of time. Together, they help to understand the relationship between cognitive load, emotional arousal, and attention. But understanding these theories goes beyond explaining the psychology behind time perception as they also have practical implications == Impacts of Emotional Time Perception == The way emotions distort our perception of time has major impacts on many different aspects of life. This section dives into how emotional time perception affects our daily lives, decision making processes, health and well-being. === Daily life and productivity === When people feel happy, it’s common for time to seem to fly by. This sense of time speeding up can boost engagement and productivity in activities (Ma et al., 2021). eelings of sadness or boredom can make time drag, leaving individuals feeling less motivated and effective (Gable et al., 2022). Emotions that are associated with high arousal like excitement or anger can also speed up time perception, which might lead to underestimating how long tasks will take (Gable et al., 2022). === Decision making === [[File:Decision making in a social context.png|thumb]] Emotions can heavily influence how individuals make decisions, especially in time sensitive situations (Zakay, 2012). Negative emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness, might make someone feel like they have more time than they actually do, leading to rushed decisions or impulsive actions. On the other hand, when in a positive emotional state, people might underestimate how much time they need, potentially overlooking important details (Ma et al., 2021). Anxiety can warp time perception as well, making it feel like there’s never enough time to adequately assess risks and plan ahead (Ma et al., 2021). === Health and well-being === How people perceive time can have a significant impact on their overall well-being (Visalli et al., 2023). For instance, those dealing with depression often feel like time is dragging, which can deepen feelings of hopelessness. Similarly, distortions in time perception related to anxiety can trigger stronger stress responses (Ma et al., 2021). == Practical Applications of Time Perception in Daily Life == {{expand}} === Stress management === Understanding how time perception works can be a powerful tool for managing [[Stress (psychological)|stress]], especially in high-pressure moments. When being faced with deadlines or when tasks pile up, individuals may feel as though time is slipping away which can increase anxiety and reduce performance (Häfner & Stock, 2010). However, by using effective time management techniques, people can feel less rushed and overwhelmed (Häfner & Stock, 2010). Mindfulness practices, like [[meditation]] or grounding exercises, can be helpful in regulating our sense of time during stressful moments. These techniques allow us to shift our focus away from worrying about the future and centre our attention on the present. Essentially, they help “slow down” time when everything feels chaotic (Sarigiannidis et.al., 2020). Simple strategies such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or visualisation can stretch our perception of time, easing panic and enabling us to make better decisions (Gable et al., 2022). === Task management === Time perception is really important when it comes to productivity, especially in work and study settings. When people understand how they experience time, they can use specific strategies to improve their focus and efficiency (Osin & Boniwell, 2024). One effective method is the Pomodoro Technique, which involves working for about 25 minutes and then taking a short break (Santiago & Gurat, 2023). This approach helps make long tasks feel less overwhelming and keeps attention sharp (Santiago & Gurat, 2023). By mixing periods of focused work with short breaks, individuals can maintain control over their time and avoid feeling rushed. This balance helps manage that pressure that often builds up during long, continuous work sessions (Osin & Boniwell, 2024). Breaking larger projects into smaller parts also helps shift the way time feels, making it easier to stay productive. For long-term projects or tight deadlines, understanding how time works can help prevent procrastination. When tasks are broken down into smaller steps, they become more manageable, leading to better motivation and focus. == Individual Differences in Time Perception == Time perception isn't the same across all individuals. It varies significantly based on factors such as age, phycological{{sp}} disorders, and personality traits. These differences can shape how we experience certain life events and how we make decisions. === Age === As people age, their perception of time changes quite a bit. Many older adults often feel like time flies by faster as they get older{{f}}. This sensation may stem from a decrease in cognitive processing speed, meaning they take in fewer events within the same timeframe. Kids and younger adults, who are quicker at processing information, tend to feel like time moves more slowly, especially when they’re faced with new or unfamiliar experiences (Lockenhoff, 2013). Life experiences and routines also shape how we perceive time. Adults typically engage in repetitive daily activities that creat{{sp}} less distinct memories which can lead to the feeling that time is flying by. Children however, are constantly encountering new experiences, which makes time feel longer because their brains are processing fresh experiences (Lockenhoff, 2013). === Circadian rhythm and biological factors === [[wikipedia:Circadian_rhythm|Circadian rhythm]] further influence how we perceive time at different points during the day. For example, many people experience slower time perception in the morning when their energy is lower, while in the afternoon or early evening, when alertness peaks, time may seem to pass more quickly. Biological clocks play a pivotal role in shaping these daily variations in time awareness (Fontes et.al., 2016). Our circadian rhythms, the body’s natural 24-hour biological cycles, have a significant impact on how we perceive time. These rhythms influence our energy levels, mood, and attention throughout the day, ultimately impacting our sense of time’s passage (Fontes et.al., 2016). Fatigue, particularly due to lack of sleep, can distort time perception. Tasks can feel like they drag on for longer because our cognitive performance dips and our ability to keep track of time diminishes. In contrast, being well-rested can tend to estimate time more accurately and can tackle tasks more efficiently (Fontes et.al., 2016). Hormonal changes also play a role in how time is perceived. For instance, [[wikipedia:Cortisol|cortisol]], the hormone released during stress, can speed up an individual's internal clock, making them feel like time is moving faster than it actually is. Melatonin, which helps regulate sleep, can slow down our sense of time during the evening, often making the day feel like it’s wrapping up more quickly (Fontes et.al., 2016). === Psychological disorders === People dealing with psychological disorders often have a unique experience when it comes to how they perceive time. For instance, those struggling with [[Health/Essays/Depression in older adults|depression]] frequently feel as if time is dragging on. Days can feel endless, which only adds to their sense of hopelessness. The slow passage of time can intensify negative thoughts, making it even harder to find joy or motivation (Gable et al., 2022). On the other side, individuals with anxiety disorders often feel like they don’t have enough time, especially when faced with stressful situations. They might overestimate how long tasks will take, which can heighten their anxiety and make it difficult to concentrate (Gable et al., 2022). individuals with [[Evidence-based assessment/Instruments/ADHD Rating Scale|ADHD]] often struggle to accurately gauge time, leading to challenges in completing tasks or meeting deadlines (Cropper et.al., 2015). === Personality traits === Our personality traits play a big role in how we experience time in our daily lives. For instance, extroverts often feel like time flies by, which can lead them to underestimate how long things actually take. Their active engagement in social situations makes everything feel quicker and more exciting. On the other hand, introverts might have a more accurate sense of time, or they may feel like it drags on, especially in overwhelming social settings (Gable et al., 2022). Those with high levels of neuroticism often find their time perception warped during stressful moments, making time seem to stretch endlessly{{f}}. Impulsive individuals tend to jump into activities without thinking about how much time they’ll need, leading them to underestimate the duration of tasks{{f}}. Additionally, optimists generally perceive time as passing quickly, while pessimists may feel like it slows to a crawl during tough times (Gable et al., 2022). These personality traits highlight how our individual differences can significantly shape our experience of time. == Quiz == <quiz display="simple"> {Individuals with anxiety disorders frequently feel like they have too much time on their hands, especially in stressful situations.: |type="()"} - True + False {As people age, they often perceive time as moving more slowly due to a decrease in cognitive processing speed: |type="()"} - True + False </quiz> ==Conclusion== The way we perceive time is heavily related to our emotional experiences. Whether we're anxious about an upcoming exam or in a joyful moment, our emotions can stretch or compress the way that we perceive time. This understanding highlights the influence our feelings have on everyday life, from productivity to decision-making and overall well-being. By understading how stress, excitement, or boredom can distort our sense of time, we can better navigate high-pressure situations. For instance, mindfulness practices, like deep breathing or grounding exercises, can help us manage anxiety. Effective time management techniques, such as the Pomodoro Technique, can break tasks into manageable sections, making them feel less daunting. Ultimately, embracing the link between emotions and time perception helps us to approach challenges in better ways. By learning to regulate our emotional states, we can use time more effectively, enhancing our productivity and emotional well-being. ==See also== [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2013/Time perspective and emotion|Motivation and emotion/Book/2013/'''Time''' perspective and emotion]] [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2016/Time perspective and happiness|Motivation and emotion/Book/2016/'''Time''' perspective and happiness]] ==References== {{Hanging indent|1= Bangert, A. S., Kurby, C. A., & Zacks, J. M. (2018). The influence of everyday events on prospective timing “in the moment.” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(2), 677–684. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-018-1526-6 Cropper, S., Johnston, A., & Groot, C. (2015). Individual differences in the perception of Time. Journal of Vision, 15(12), 813. https://doi.org/10.1167/15.12.813 Droit-Volet, S., & Gil, S. (2009). The time–emotion paradox. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1525), 1943–1953. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0013 Fontes, R., Ribeiro, J., Gupta, D. S., Machado, D., Lopes-Júnior, F., Magalhães, F., Bastos, V. H., Rocha, K., Marinho, V., Lima, G., Velasques, B., Ribeiro, P., Orsini, M., Pessoa, B., Araujo Leite, M. A., & Teixeira, S. (2016). Time perception mechanisms at central nervous system. Neurology International, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.5939 Gable, P. A., Wilhelm, A. L., & Poole, B. D. (2022). How does emotion influence time perception? A review of evidence linking emotional motivation and time processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.848154 Häfner, A., & Stock, A. (2010). Time management training and perceived control of time at work. The Journal of Psychology, 144(5), 429–447. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2010.496647 Lockenhoff, C. E. (2011). Age, time, and decision making: From processing speed to global time horizons. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1235(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06209.x Ma, J., Lu, J., & Li, X. (2021). The influence of emotional awareness on time perception: Evidence from event-related potentials. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.704510 McRobbie, L. R. (2023, July 17). Off the clock: How our perception of time can affect productivity. Strategy+Business. https://www.strategy-business.com/blog/Off-the-clock-How-our-perception-of-time-can-affect-productivity Moreira, D., & Barbosa, F. (2024). Behavioral evidence of emotional influence on time perception. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0984.v1 Osin, E., & Boniwell, I. (2024). Positive time use: A missing link between time perspective, time management, and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1087932 Santiago, C., & Gurat, M. (2023). Effect of Pomodoro technique on student Mendelian genetics concept mastery during synchronous remote learning. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 10(4), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v10n4.2287 Sarigiannidis, I., Grillon, C., Ernst, M., Roiser, J. P., & Robinson, O. J. (2020). Anxiety makes time pass quicker while fear has no effect. Cognition, 197, 104116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104116 Visalli, A., Begliomini, C., & Mioni, G. (2023). The effect of emotion intensity on time perception: A study with transcranial random noise stimulation. Experimental Brain Research, 241(8), 2179–2190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-023-06668-9 Watt, J. D. (1991). Effect of boredom proneness on time perception. Psychological Reports, 69(1), 323–327. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.1.323 Zakay, D. (2012, August 16). Experiencing time in daily life. BPS. https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/experiencing-time-daily-life Zakay, D., & Block, R. A. (1995). An attentional-gate model of prospective time estimation. Time and the dynamic control of behavior, 5, 167–178. }} ==External links== https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisol [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Cognitive]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Emotion]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Perception]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Time]] 82e5m00muqpomo0dh7y2oad6dv9qvem 0 306624 2688832 2682763 2024-11-25T22:41:56Z Jtneill 10242 Copyediting 2688832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Inner voice and emotion:<br>How does the inner voice influence emotion?}} {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/NGLeqMrjCG4?si=yxIY1agVKmgHHaD7}} __TOC__ ==Overview== {{robelbox|width=30|theme=2|title= Scenario}} <div style="{{Robelbox/pad}}"> [[File:Rimrock Hiking Trail - 48698916017.jpg|thumb|150px|''Figure 1.'' Cliffside hiking trail, may cause increase in negative inner voice{{g}}]] As you cautiously shuffle across the sharp edges of the cliffside, the wind howls around you. "This is one of your biggest fears for a reason, what if you slip? You won't come back!" cries out a worried voice in your head, filled with anxiety. This stops you for a moment, making you reconsider if this is the right choice. Before another, softer, voice enters the conversation{{g}}. "You can hear your friends just up ahead, cheering and waiting for you! This is about overcoming your fears, pushing past worries!" The anxiety fades as this gives you a sense of bravery for a moment, stepping across the last big gap to reach the other side. As you arrive safely onto solid ground and let out a sigh of relief, you have a moment to reflect and realise how these voices played a key role in such an event. They weren't just random thoughts, but a dialogue between your mind and body to assess risks, giving you motivation, and guiding you safely to the other side. While your inner voice might not always get it right, this experience reminded you that it will always be present to help make decisions, manage feelings, and navigate life. </div> {{Robelbox/close}} The [[wikipedia:Intrapersonal_communication|inner voice]] is also known as self-talk, inner speech, or intrapersonal communication, is a constant presence for most people during waking consciousness{{g}}. However, questions continue to be asked, and further research is conducted as to what may vary for each person with their inner voice, and what might cause these differences. Inner voices develop and change over time in a variety of ways that are not still fully understood even by those that {{g}} study it. Many different theories compete to define the inner voice, but as a general concept the inner voice is seen as "a form of inner dialogue, which enables them to engage in high-level cognition, including self-control, self-attention and self-regulation” (Chella & Pipitone, 2020, as cited in Nedergaard & Lupyan, (2024). This chapter investigates the detailed inner workings of the inner voice, exploring and explaining its various complexities and variations. This will be done by focusing on how an individual's inner voice develops through the various stages of life, what influences a voice to form and function in different ways for each person, and how these differences can cause each voice to present itself uniquely. It will also examine the different types of voices and characteristics that may describe them, and how this may also impact the dynamics of one's mind. Most importantly, this chapter uses these points to further explore and introduce concepts regarding the overall role that an inner voice can have on emotion, whether that be positive or negative, why it would have these kinds of impacts, and consider how an individual can reshape their inner voice or self-talk for better emotional regulation by using various approaches and techniques through therapy or other self-help based forms of improvement. {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}}'''Focus questions:''' * What is the inner voice and how does it develop? * What are the different kinds of inner voices, and how do they influence emotion differently? * What is the role/relationship of the inner voice in emotion? * How can people influence or change this relationship?/Can you modify inner voice to improve this relationship? {{RoundBoxBottom}} == Understanding the inner voice == The inner voice is a dynamic and complex aspect of an individuals{{g}} cognitive development, which begins from early in childhood and continues to evolve and adapt throughout various stages of life. It acts as the internal dialogue that will help one more easily make sense of the world around them, reflect on and process experiences, and manage their emotions. However, this development happens throughout life and as such is not immediate. With the different stages also focusing on the development of varying skills{{g}}. As an individual grows older, their inner voice will increase in complexity and ability alongside them. The stages for an inner voice to become more sophisticated, influences that may impact development, and ensuring these stages can be reached are all important points in an individuals development.{{f}} === Development of inner voice === Several theories address how the inner voice functions and develops with most however agreeing it originates in and starts primary development within an individual's childhood. Recent studies have highlighted the neuro-development in children’s inner voice, with them showing how the [[wikipedia:Two-streams_hypothesis|dorsal language stream]] supports the development of inner speech{{f}}. With later reviews of the dorsal stream in adults supporting that there are parallels between neuro-anatomical and psychological development of inner-speech{{g}}. It is this that suggests maturation of dorsal language is highly related to development of a child’s inner voice. (Geva & Fernyhough, 2019, as cited in Brinthaupt et al, 2020) [[wikipedia:Lev_Vygotsky|Lev Vygotsky's]] (1987) theory of cognitive development states that an inner voice developing is a result of developmental processes in co-operative activity with an adult. (Viacheslav, et al. 2023) This fits alongside the general key stages and timeline of a usual inner voices development throughout early childhood to adolescence, as seen below in ''Table 1''':''''' {| class="wikitable" |+Table 1. Stages of inner voice development !Development Stage/Age !Main developments within stage |- |Early Childhood (2-3 Years Old) |2-3 Years old is the earliest that a child may start developing inner speech, around the same time that one may also begin using attempting to communicate verbally with language. However it will more often not start to fully show until the "Middle Childhood" stage. |- |Middle Childhood (4-7 Years old) |Between the ages of 4-7 is when a child's inner speech will likely start to take a more solid and functional structure. As it may also start to be used to the individuals benefit for problem solving, or to manage other self-issues such as behaviour or emotion. Studies have also found that the brain/voice makes large improvements with phonoligically{{sp}} similar items, sounds and words around this time ([[wikipedia:Baddeley's_model_of_working_memory#Phonological_loop|the phonological similarity effect]]), whilst those any younger struggled (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015) which helped to further prove this as being the primary time of initial development. |- |Later Childhood (7-12 Years old) |As a child themself matures they will gain more cognitive control and their inner voice will mature alongside them. It is during this late part of childhood, and prior to early teen year age, that the dorsal language stream continues to and has majority of its primary development. This allows for better processing of language, and more complex and increased self reflection (Geva & Fernyhough, 2019, as cited in Brinthaupt et al, 2020). It is around this time that children will use their inner voice to reflect more often on prior events or memories, and self-regulate their emotions better. |- |Adolescence (13-18 Years Old) |In the adolescent years of 13-18 an individuals inner voice will continue to become more complex as the rest of the brain continues to develop. Similarly to the later childhood stage, it will often play a significant role in self-reflection, decision making and emotion management, as well as the forming of one's identity and self perception. |} Although many people assume that how they hear their inner monologue must be how others must hear their own, inner speech can vary greatly from person to person in the both the ways, and degree to which it is experienced{{f}}. === Types and variations of inner voices === An inner voice can differ greatly between individuals, both in function and form. For some, an inner voice can be described as a very clear, easily-understandable and verbal inner monologue, whereas for others it may be a more non-verbal, abstract based process. Other traits within these voices can also greatly vary, such as the volume or tone, with some individuals inner voices being more emotional or conversational.{{f}} There can also be smaller variations between inner voices and their role, for example in tasks such as reading books, notes and or messages, where it has been found that some may hear more than one voice whilst reading such things, whilst others may not even hear one (Villhauer, 2016){{expand}}. === Reflective and pre-reflective inner voices === A way in which inner voices can be characterised is as reflective or pre-reflective, with reflective inner voices being characterised by the main trait of self-awareness{{example}}. With individuals consciously engaging in internal dialogue to to further explore or process thoughts, emotions and decisions (Fossa, 2022){{g}}. Whilst pre-reflective inner voices found to be less conscious experiences, still influencing much of how an individual reacts, but more so instinctively. == The influence of inner voice on emotion == There have {{missing}} many questions regarding the relationship between inner voice and the management of an individuals emotions, starting from the basic question of if ones inner voice or self-talk has notable impact on their emotions to begin with{{rewrite}}. This was very easily found to be the case early on with research such as that of Vygotsky, and as such theories and questions moved to ask more complex questions, such as why an inner voice impacts emotion, how it does so, and to what extent this is a conscious choice of an individual. === The role of inner voice for emotion === There have been many theories that present the idea forward that although an inner voice may not be needed for simply having thoughts of one kind or another, a person does rely on their inner voice as a primary means to be able to internally reflect on and be conscious of those thoughts (Clark, 1998, as cited in Langland‐Hassan, (2021). With this considered, the inner voice is a central component and vital in how emotions and processed and understood internally by an individual. === Positive and negative influences of the inner voice on emotion === [[File:LeBron James (51959977144) (cropped).jpg|thumb|''Figure 2''. LeBron James]] Research has found that talking to oneself, whether that is aloud in private ([[wikipedia:Private_speech|private speech]]) or to yourself silently (inner speech) has links to multiple positive cognitive, emotional and behavioural consequences (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, as cited in Morin, Duhnych, & Racy (2018). However, more recent research{{f}} suggests that it may be less so a matter of whether or not speaking to yourself is positive or not, as that has been found to have generally positive outcomes, but it is more an issue of ''how'' one speaks to themselves. As such the question had been raised as to whether the language people use in self-talk or introspection can impact how they may feel, think or react to social stress. The studies tackling this question found that those using non-first person pronouns and one's own name in place of first-person pronouns during introspection having an easier time self-distancing (Kross, et al., 2014). This sort of inner thought process being seen for example in 2010 with professional basketball player; [[wikipedia:LeBron_James|LeBron James]] (See Figure 2), when making a decision regarding choice of future team{{g}}. After ultimately choosing to move to the larger and higher-paying team, he stated "One thing I didn't want to do was make an emotional decision. I wanted to do what's best for LeBron James and to do what makes LeBron James happy." (Greenberg, 2010, as cited in Kross, et al., 2014). While such subtle changes in speech may be seen as insignificant, their impact on the decision making process can be large. The positive benefits and impacts of self-talk, such as increased motivation and better control of emotion should not be overlooked, in the same way that the possible negative impacts, like higher amounts of anxiety, self-criticism, depression, and other similar issues, should not be ignored. == Shaping and modifying the inner voice == Even many very early perspectives on the inner voice or internal monologue have agreed that a human does not fully control themself. (Spinoza, 1667, as cited in Fossa, P., Pérez, R. M., & Marcotti, C. M. (2020). With emotions being seen as modifications to the body, either increasing or decreasing its ability to perform{{g}}. When an emotion does so to the body, it was argued{{f}} that it simultaneously and likewise impacts the mind. Because of this it was appropriately said that in the same way a body condition can't be controlled unless a greater bodily condition meets it, an emotion cannot be controlled unless an opposite or stronger emotion is to oppose it. The ability to change how the inner voice is impacting emotions, and therefore other potential aspects of an individuals life such as their emotions, decision making and self reflection, is something that has been heavily sought after in research and within many different contexts. Results from various studies in {{missing}} past indicated clear benefits of positive, motivational and instructional based self-talk for performance (Tod, et al., 2011), however early studies from the {{what}} time contrasted to what may have been expected, with negative self-talk not greatly impeding an individuals{{g}} performance. As mentioned in prior sections, the way an inner voice speaks to the individual can greatly affect its outcomes, and this is something that can be utilized if handled well. This has been greatly brought to use within sports to attempt and improve possible performance. With the core concept{{g}} from researchers that an inner voice, and as such the self-talk accompanying it can either be primarily positive or negative, or instructional or motivational in nature, as the characteristic suggests, a positive inner voice will aid performance whereas a negative inner voice will not (Zinsser et al., 2010 as cited in Tod, et al., 2011). [[File:Janet Fisher Distant thoughts.jpg|thumb|''Figure 3.'' A woman reflecting on her own thoughts, which may be confronting when down.]] In modern psychological practice and research, now that the possible benefits of a well managed and positive inner voice and consistently beneficial self-talk are known, being able to further find ways to reshape and improve possibly detremental{{sp}} inner-speech for those who may be struggling to establish or maintain these traits to help and create better overall mental well-being becomes a key focus. This is not to say that prior techniques, approaches and methods for psychology and counselling do not share the same goal, but that once the complexities of how such a goal can be a achieved are much more clearly understood, it can be more easily reached with identifiable steps. This is where already well established and applicable approaches such as [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Cognitive behaviour therapy and emotion|Cognitive Behavioural Therapy]] (CBT) can be utilised, {{g}} CBT is considered to be one of the most effective treatments for individuals struggling with mental health such as anxiety or depression issues in current day, and its efficacy is equally well established and respected (Stewart & Chambless, 2009) helping individuals achieve this by identifying and challenging possible negative thoughts, to help and replace them with more positive thoughts. In the context of using CBT for inner voice, the technique known as [[wikipedia:Cognitive_restructuring|cognitive restructuring]] is heavily used. Cognitive restructuring shares its core focuses with CBT, and focuses on the evaluation, challenging and finally, modification of a client's dysfunctional belief (Ciharova, et al., 2021). This may help and allow and individual to identify those negative thought patterns, in this context most likely negative self-talk (See Figure 3), to then realistically find ways to replace these thoughts using goals set for ones self fitting their own capabilities. CBT is not the only effective treatment for inner-voice related problems, with many also supporting the use of other treatments such as meditation and mindfulness based strategies surrounding the use of breathing to focus on other parts of their body and separate from the mind (Fradkin, 2021), or some involving journaling and writing down the individuals thoughts to help and reflect. == Possible improvement in research == Despite the incredibly fast growing amount of research in the general field of psychology and within the context of this chapter, the amount on the topics of self-talk and inner speech, or inner voice and emotion as their own topics{{rewrite}}. There was a noticabley{{sp}} low amount of research focused purely on the general connection between the inner voice and emotion and their dynamic. With the majority of studies that do explore the two together in some form being within a certain framework such as sports, therapy, or impact on performance{{g}}. This limits the amount of research that has been done that explores how the inner voice directly influences or impacts emotion for an individual and leaves a large amount of more generalised study to be done in future. {{RoundBoxTop|theme=4}} '''Quiz''' Choose your answers, then click "Submit": <quiz display="simple"> {What type of inner voice can best be characterised by its focus on self-awareness, with conscious self-reflection and exploration of thoughts, emotions and decisions?: |type="()"} + Reflective - Automatic - Emotional - Pre-reflective {At which primary development stage does the dorsal language stream have majority of its development? (Years): |type="()"} - Early Childhood (2-3) - Middle Childhood (4-7) + Later Childhood (7-12) - Adolescence (13-18) {Which of the following is NOT a real commonly used term to refer to an individuals inner voice?: |type="()"} - Intrapersonal communication + Cognitive dialogue - Self-talk - Inner-speech </quiz> {{RoundBoxBottom}} ==Conclusion== The inner voice is a significant part of how any and all individuals process, reflect on, and respond to their emotions{{ic|but some people don't report an inner voice?}}. It serves the role of being a vital internal dialogue that can support one's emotional well-being and provide immense benefits to life, but in the same way can bring equally negative results and downsides, primarily based on the quality of a person's self-talk and how it is able to be managed. While is it usually an automatic process, increasing awareness of how an inner voice develops, forms, changes and functions can help lead to far better emotional regulation. In the same way that understanding the development of an inner voice can help manage emotional regulation, having an understanding of the role that it plays and the large amounts of functions it may perform can also help an individual greatly. The use of techniques such as cognitive restructuring within CBT can help people identify negative thoughts and thinking, to then more easily and effectively replace them with beneficial and positive self-talk. Hopefully with an increased amount of research in future focusing more directly on the relationship of and interaction between the inner voice and emotion, techniques and approaches to therapy for the inner voice can be improved even further to tackle possible issues with a more well informed view. Another key point to always remember is that the importance of an inner voice is shared, the differences between each persons are not. Making sure to remember that each inner voice and how it works for each person is unique, and that this will impact each person differently, is paramount{{g}}. ==See also== * [[wikipedia:Consciousness|Consciousness]] (Wikipedia) * [[Emotion#Types of emotion|Emotion]] (Types of emotion) (Wikiversity) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2013/Emotional self-regulation|Emotional self-regulation]] (Book chapter, 2013) * [[wikipedia:Imagined_speech|Imagined speech]] (Wikipedia) * [[wikipedia:Introspection|Introspection]] (Wikipedia) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2023/Mental imagery and emotion|Mental imagery and emotion]] (Book chapter, 2023) * [[wikipedia:Self-awareness|Self-awareness]] (Wikipedia) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2023/Self-affirmation and psychological change|Self-affirmation and psychological change]] (Book chapter, 2023) * [[wikipedia:Self-control|Self-control]] (Wikipedia) ==References== {{Hanging indent|1= Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015). Inner speech: development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology. ''Psychological Bulletin'', ''141''(5), 931–965. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000021 Brinthaupt, T. M., Morin, A., Brinthaupt, T. M., Morin, A., & Puchalska-Wasyl, M. M. (2020). Exploring the nature, content, and frequency of intrapersonal communication. ''Frontiers Media SA''. https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88966-271-5 Ciharova, M., Furukawa, T. A., Efthimiou, O., Karyotaki, E., Miguel, C., Noma, H., Cipriani, A., Riper, H., & Cuijpers, P. (2021). Cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of adult depression: a network meta-analysis. ''Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology'', ''89''(6), 563–574. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000654 Fossa, P., Pérez, R. M., & Marcotti, C. M. (2020). The relationship between the inner speech and emotions: revisiting the study of passions in psychology. ''Human Arenas: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Psychology, Culture, and Meaning'', ''3''(2), 229–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-019-00079-5 Fossa, P. (Ed.). (2022). ''New perspectives on inner speech''. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Fradkin, C. (2021). Karen Bluth: ''The self-compassionate teen: mindfulness and compassion skills to conquer your critical inner voice'': Instant Help Books, Oakland, CA, 2020, 192 pp, ISBN 9781684035274. ''Journal of Youth and Adolescence'', ''50''(3), 593–596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01368-x Kross, E., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., Park, J., Burson, A., Dougherty, A., Shablack, H., Bremner, R., Moser, J., & Ayduk, O. (2014). Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', ''106''(2), 304–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035173 Langland‐Hassan, P. (2021). Inner speech. ''Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science'', ''12''(2), e1544-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1544 Morin, A., Duhnych, C., & Racy, F. (2018). Self‐reported inner speech use in university students. ''Applied Cognitive Psychology'', ''32''(3), 376–382. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3404 Nedergaard, J. S. K., & Lupyan, G. (2024). Not everybody has an inner voice: behavioral consequences of anendophasia. ''Psychological Science'', ''35''(7), 780–797. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976241243004 Stewart, R. E., & Chambless, D. L. (2009). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders in clinical practice: A meta-analysis of effectiveness studies. ''Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology'', ''77''(4), 595–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016032 Tod, D., Hardy, J., & Oliver, E. (2011). Effects of self-talk: A systematic review. ''Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology'', ''33''(5), 666–687. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.5.666 Viacheslav, I., Vartanov, A., Bueva, A., & Bronov, O. (2023). The emotional component of inner speech: A pilot exploratory fMRI study. ''Brain and Cognition'', ''165'', 105939–105939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105939 Vilhauer, R. P. (2016). Inner reading voices: An overlooked form of inner speech. ''Psychosis'', ''8''(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2015.1028972 }} ==External links== * [https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-04-01/aphantasia-no-visual-imagination-inner-voice/103649486 A deaf and blind mind: What it's like to have no visual imagination and no inner voice?] (ABC News) * [https://youtu.be/hvKnyimoqC8?si=lKQ7DVvGx7RTf-kL Finding Your Inner Voice: Karol Ward at TEDxTimesSquare] (YouTube) * [https://www.sientificamerican.com/article/not-everyone-has-an-inner-voice-streaming-through-their-head Not everyone has an inner voice streaming through their head] (Scientific American, 2024) * [https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190819-what-your-inner-voice-says-about-you What the voice inside your head says about you] (BBC) * [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jan/16/inner-voice-self-criticism-psychologist-ethan-kross-chatter-voice-head Why your most important relationship is with your inner voice] (The Guardian) [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Cognitive]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Emotion]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Self]] cb73sui5031xsftplyh9bhj6srsumyw 0 306676 2688870 2676905 2024-11-26T05:23:18Z Jtneill 10242 Copyediting 2688870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Social dominance and power motivation:<br>What is the relationship between social dominance and power motivation?}} {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/Ci9M5b7d-xM}} __TOC__ ==Overview== Social dominance and power motivation are 2 concepts in psychology that help explain human behaviour, in particularly {{g}} the hierarchy of group dynamics and leadership. The social dominance theory is a theory in which individuals or groups such as ethnic, religious national and or racial attain power over other individuals or groups and indulging in special privileges creating a power disadvantage to the other individual or group that has little political power or ease in life( Pratto, F,. & Stewart, A. 2011). The social dominance theory was developed in the 1990’s{{g}} by Jim Sidanius and Felicia Pratto, their focus was on the prediction of societal oppression, discrimination and brutality and tyranny. Power motivation is the desire to impact, influence and hold power on other people and their behaviour and or emotions. (Roccato, M. 2014). While power motivations is a broad concept it contains overlapping concepts such as influence, inspiration, authority leadership, control and coercion. These concepts are often associated with maintaining and reinforcing social hierarchies (winter, D, G & Smith, C, P, 2009). This chapter discusses the correlation between social dominance and power motivations the the influence they have in today's society. ==Introduction to social dominance and power domination == *The Social Dominance Theory integrates social psychological insights into intergroup relations with a broader societal process of ideology and the legitimisation of social inequalities. The social dominance Theory acknowledges that most societies have a structure in which status hierarchies can results in certain groups having privilege over other groups. Additionally, The Social Dominance Theory provides a framework in which we have the ability to understand the persistent inequalities experienced by undervalued groups based on gender, race, and other social groups. This comprehensive approach highlights the intersectionality between individual attitudes and overarching social structures that contribute to inequality (Islam, 2014). &nbsp;Power Motivation is the desire in which an individual try’s{{g}} to impact the behaviour and or emotions of those around them. Power motivation can be a broad term, {{g}} it acknowledges overlapping concepts such as influence, inspiration, nurturance, authority, leadership, control, dominance, coercion, and aggression. While these individual concepts hold different implications regarding legitimacy, morality and implied reaction of the other individual the “target” of power, the{{g}} share a core meaning of an individuals{{g}} capacity to affect the behaviour and or emotions of another person (Winter, 2009). *Understanding the importance of The social Dominance Theory and Power motivation can open our eyes to many perspectives. Some factors of importance include, The Social Dominance Theory providing a framework in where we can analyse the construct of social hierarchies and the legitimisation of it {{g}} helping to explain persistent inequalities based on factors like race, gender and class. Awareness of the Social Dominance Theory, {{g}} can lead to individuals and even organisations to strive for a more inclusive social construct, holding a commitment for inclusivity and fairness. The Social Dominance Theory can also be used as an educational tool for teaching individuals about power dynamics, and social justice, {{g}} this can result in empowering individuals to comprehensively assess their own behaviours. It can also result in individuals in power can address systematic flaws in the construct of inequalities and designing interventions that promote equality. Addressing power motivation can help us understand why some individuals have the desire to reign influence over others, which can inform things like strategies, negotiation and conflict resolution. Understanding power dynamics can improve in the way interpersonal relationships, enhancing communication and reducing conflict in various social settings. &nbsp;Exploring the motives behind desire in correlation to power can lead deeper psychological insights, furthering personal development and holding empathy towards individuals’ motivation. *The social Dominance Theory is a social-psychological framework designed to explore social structures, their origins and their interrelations. Founded by psychologists Jim Sidanius and Felicia Pratto in 1992, it looks at the dynamics of these hierarchies. Key concepts for investigating group based social hierarchies include, age, gender and group identity. The theory suggests that human societies, particularly those that produce economic surpluses {{g}} are characterised by distinct hierarchies which can be based on factors such as ethnicity, race, and religion (Michols, 2014). The concept of power motivation first came into existence in the early 1940’s{{g}} through Abraham Maslow’s theory of needs. The theory of needs acknowledged the basic needs humans have, in order of their importance, psychological needs, safety needs and the need to feel a sense of belonging, self-esteem and self-actualisation. In 1961, David McClelland built on the concept in his book – The Achieving Society. &nbsp;In his book he writes about three motivators he believes{{sp}} we all have: 1 – a need for achievement, 2- a need for affiliation and 3 – and need for power, and that individuals will have different characteristics depending on their dominant motivator. McClelland writes, that regardless of our gender, culture or age, individuals have three key motivating drivers, with one typically being the most dominant. The main motivator is heavily influenced by our cultural background and personal life experiences. ==Social domination== The Social Dominance Theory is a social psychological concept that examines the caste like features of social hierarchies in which group identities are rooted. It seeks to understand how these hierarchies are established and formed over time. According to the Social Dominance Theory {{f}} &nbsp;group base can persist through three main mechanisms: institutional discrimination, &nbsp;aggregated individual discrimination and behavioural asymmetry. These mechanisms form a system in which certain groups maintain power over other groups. The theory suggests that widely accepted cultural ideologies know as legitimising myths, serve as a moral and intellectual justification for these inequalities which results in normalisation of privilege within societies. To test ands validate this hypothesis The Social Dominance Orientation was scale formed. The Social Dominance Orientation Theory measures individual’s acceptance of and desire for social hierarchies in correlation with different groups. It looks at two key factors: support for group based dominance and a general opposition to equality, regardless of the groups status within the hierarchy. By looking at these factors The Social Dominance Theory opens a perspective on the attitudes that uphold and legitimise group inequalities. This understanding allows a deeper exploration of intergroup relations and the social constructs that maintain inequality across various contexts. Furthermore, The Social Dominance Theory provides valuable perspectives into the complexities of power dynamics and the rough nature of social hierarchies.{{f}} Social hierarchies often display a trimorphic or three form structure, {{g}} this simplified the four part biosocial structure initially proposed by Van Den Breghe in 1978. This construct can be divided into three categories: age, gender and arbitrary set. Age hierarchies suggests that adults typically hold more power and status over children. Gender hierarchies suggest that that men generally enjoy greater power and higher statues compared to women. Arbitrary et {{huh}} hierarchies consists of culturally defined group structures that many not be able to be applied universally. These catergories{{sp}} can include ethnicity such as: The United States, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Asia and Rwanda, along with class caste, religion including: Sunni versus shiai slam{{sp}}, nationally or other socially constructed classifications. Despite variations in hierarchical structures across different cultures, empirical research has identified correlations, particularly through The Social Dominance Orientation scale. Studies{{f}} conducted in various countries showed a strong correlation between the Social Dominance Orientation scale and multiple forms of group prejudice, including sexism, discrimination based on sexual orientation and racism. Furthermore, the Social Dominance orientation scale has been linked to support for policies that can reinforce hierarchies. These conclusions highlight the pervasive nature of social hierarchies and their profound influence on intergroup relations, resulting in the attitudes that sustain and perpetuate inequalities in diverse societies Understanding these dynamics is crucial for addressing and challenging the systematic inequalities that exist globally.{[f}} * The view of The Social Dominance Theory is that there will always be a dominant gender in any given society, and at present the dominant gender is male{{f}}. The Social Dominance Theory also presumes that since males are more dominant, they are more likely to discriminate and or enforce their position in order to keep their hierarchical dominance. Sidanus, Pratto, and Brief introduce the invariance hypothesis in their book : “Group Dominance and the Political Psychology of Gender: A Cross-Cultural Comparison”. They discuss how the invariance hypothesis from social dominance maintains that, everything else being equal, males will have a higher level of group dominance then women. They examined this hypothesis cross-nationally with over 1,200 young individuals from Australia, Sweden, The United States and Russia. There were two tests that took place, one with a weak invariance hypothesis and the other with a strong invariance hypothesis. The weak version showed that males across all four nationals examples exhibited significantly higher group dominance scores. Whereas the strong version was not upheld since gender interacted significantly with nationality{{g}}. &nbsp;The gender differences were noticeably larger between males and females in Sweden and Russia compared to The United States and Australia. Additionally, while the variability of group dominance scores among males were consistent across all the nations, males showed significantly greater variability in their scores then the females within each country. Overall, social dominance remains a complex and evolving issue, influenced by ongoing discussions about equity, justice, and representation. == Power motivation == * Power motivation is defined as the desire to influence, control and or impress others and to receive acclaim or at least recognition for these power motivated behaviours. As a motive it energises behaviour and pushes it towards objectives that fulfill basic needs (Schultheiss & Brunstien, 2010). Mclelland identifies power motive, also known as the need for power, as a primary factor of human motivation. {{what}} Motive can reflect as a desire to exert influence over others, with a discomfort with being influenced by external factors. Those that are motivated by power are focused on their social status, reputation and prestige. They often desire for their significance to be highlighted in social situations by attracting attention to themselves and striving to impress others ( Wang, Qu, Li & Fu, 2022). Wang, Qu, Li & Fu discuss in their research paper that participants were given money in a game of ultimatum scenarios. Individuals who realised their actions were available to the public, their donations were lager then those who stayed anonymous. This experiment shows that social presence has a significant influence on prosocial behaviour. Reputation is widely seen as a crucial factor in promoting prosocial behaviour, especially in social contexts. Individuals often engage in prosocial actions with the expectation that it will enhance their reputation, which in turn benefits their social interactions ( Wang, Qu, Li & Fu, 2022). McClelland states in his book that {{g}} regardless of our gender, culture or age we will have the motivating drivers, it is believed that one of these will be our dominating driver. The characteristics are: achievement, affiliation and power. &nbsp;When an individual’s dominant motive is power, they are driven to influence other’s and take charge. A go to example people usually got to is Hitler in Nazi Germany, whereas this isn’t the case as most forms of power motive manifest in a mild form, such as a coach or leader. These individuals don’t aspire to create an environment such as a dictatorship, but they aim to inspire other’s{{g}}, delegate responsibilities and positively influence those around them. When an individual’s dominant motive is achievement, they are driven by the desire improve simply for the sake of improvement. These individuals will strive to exceed expectations and take satisfaction in outperforming other’s. These individuals enjoy challenges &nbsp;and prefer to take control of their own success. When and individuals dominant motive is affiliation, they are driven by desire for social connections. Their focus is on fitting in and pleasing those around them, placing high value on their relationship with other’s. Such individuals prefer familiar environments and are mostly reluctant to leave their workplace. They also dislike working. They also tend to dislike working alone and strive to avoid letting down their coworkers and managers. It is noted that individuals who have a strong power motive are often split into one of two groups: personal and institutional. Individuals with a personal power drive want to control others, whereas individuals with an institutional power drive like to organise the efforts of a teams to further the company’s goals. Although McClelland’s theory is mostly focused on and applied to work performance, he also conducted research on the impact that motivation can have on an individual’s health. The results found that a strong drive to succeed can lead to stress, high blood pressure, and hormonal imbalances{{f}}. This highlighted how internal factors, such as motives can trigger physical responses (Kurt, 2021).''' * In the Havard Business Review article written by David McCllenand and David H. Burham they discuss how prevalent power motivation is in today’s society especially amongst managers{{f}}. To assess the motivation of managers, McCllenand and Burham examined multiple individuals from various large US corporations participating in management workshops aimed at enhancing their effectiveness. Their finding{{g}} indicated that a successful top manager must have a strong need for power, this means a desire to influence other’s. However, this need must be disciplined and directed toward the overall benefit of the organisation rather than the manager’s personal gain. Furthermore, the top managers need for power should override their need to be liked (McCllenanf & Burham, 2024). == The correlation between social dominance and power motivation == * Social hierarchy is a key component in many societies. A common aspect of any hierarchical structure is the use of a ranking system, where individuals within each society hold a specific position or social status to others. While hierarchical ordering can be complex, it usually forms from one or more attributes, such as: race gender, income, education, ancestry and occupation, which can indicate level of status with in social groups. Structures such as these not only position each member as both a sender and recipient of status signals but also influences individuals behaviour based on these signals (Dubois & Ordabayeva, 2015). In their research paper, Understanding Social Hierarchies: The Neural and Psychological Foundations of Status Perception, Koski, Xie and Olson {{f}} write how a number of studies discussed In their review focus on measuring or manipulating power and dominance instead of an objective rank. This approach is taken because power and dominance are often linked to status and are commonly used to understand the status of others. Power also refers to the control over resources or influence over a group of people, while dominance is understood as a contextual characteristic. Dominance is related to the ability to secure resources and can predict power, opening a perspective as a way to establish status across different group members. Dominance can be categorised into two different subscales: sociable and aggressive. These subscales highlight that power or access to resources can be gained through either aggressive, dominant behaviours or through prosocial, cooperative actions. Additionally, dominance is different from another aspect of social status, prestige. The relationship between status and prestige may have developed to enhance social learning, where group members show deference to those who possess valued qualities. Consequently, individuals with high prestige can exert influence over the group without resorting to the force or threat typically associated with dominance.{{f}} == The consequences of Social domination and power motivation == * Power can also be associated with hormonal and psychological changes. For example, testosterone is known to enhance dominance and other behaviours aimed at achieving social status{{g}}{{f}}. This influence of testosterone{{g}} dominance behaviour can be affected by psychological stress and cortisol levels{{f}}. High testosterone levels have been linked to the emergence of the socially harmful aspects of narcissism of those in power, and power dynamics interact with testosterone levels which can predict tendencies of corruption{{f}}. Adopting high power nonverbal poses leads to psychological changes such as heightened feelings of power, reduced cortisol levels increased testosterone, and greater risk tolerance compared to individuals in low power poses{{f}}. Brain recordings have shown that losing social status can trigger a negative reward prediction error, {{g}} this can activate the lateral hypothalamus and in turn stimulate the lateral habenula which is an anti reward centre, inhibiting the medial prefrontal cortex{{f}}. Functional magnetic resonance imaging also known as fMRI has revealed through studies conducted observing a powerful individual activates the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and areas connected to the amygdala which is involved in emotional processing and medial prefrontal cortex which is related to social cognition, highlighting the neural processing of social ranking and status in humans{{f}}. Additionally, fMRI results show that perceived social status can differently influence ventral striatal responses when processing cues related to social ranking and or status{{f}}. Results from fMRI’s{{g}} also indicate that low social status is linked to reduced grey matter volume in the pregenual area of the anterior cingulate cortex, which is associated with adaptive psychological, emotional, and behavioural responses to psychosocial and environmental stressors{{f}}. Furthermore, approach related motivation is connected to increased left-sided frontal activity in the brain{{f}}. Evidence supporting the relationship between approach related motivation and power has also been confirmed through EEG studies, showing that higher power is associated with greater left frontal activity compared to lower power (Tabore, 2023). ==Learning features== A fun interactive feature I thought I might included is a questionnaire on social dominance orientation and finding out where you fall into the criteria of social dominance. To take the questionnaire please press the link below. https://advance.oregonstate.edu/sites/advance.oregonstate.edu/files/sdo_scale_h2_v05292015.pdf * ;Links ;<nowiki>Attached is a link to a YouTube video in which Dr Preston talks about male dominance in hierarchies. Dr Jordan Preston is a Canadian psychologist graduating from the University of Alberta with two bachelor’s degrees in political science and psychology. He then went onto graduate with a PhD from McGill University. In 1991 he published his first book, Maps of meaning: The Architect of belief. The booked focused on psychology, mythology, religion, philosophy and neuroscience. This set the foundation of his long and successful career and the basis of his many lectures. </nowiki> ; ;https://youtu.be/rUiG5_GcMyY?si=IWxV8ZM36MA2rO5k ; ;Quiz {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}} - What is the relationship between social domination and power motivation? - What role do they play in modern day society? - Will society every exist with out {{g}} social domination and power motivation {{RoundBoxBottom}} <quiz display=""> social dominance and power motivation is a good idea in today's society + True - False who founded the concept of the social dominance theory - me, obviously + Jim and Falicia </quiz> ==Conclusion== * Social dominance and power motivation are contributing factors in understanding human behaviour and social dynamics. The Social Dominance Theory suggests that groups are able to maintain hierarchies through certain qualities, such as: discrimination and inequality. Hierarchies that include these qualities can lead to systematic advantages for certain groups while leaving out others. Whereas power motivation drives individuals to seek influence, control, and leadership roles within these structures. The interplay between social dominance and power motivation can be both positive and negative. Individuals who are motivated by desire to hold power can drive progress, inspire change, and attain a collective goal. Leaders who are able to use their power for the good, can innovationally contribute to social advancement. However, when power is used for personal gain it can perpetuate injustice and contribute to social divides. Individuals who manipulate their position to maintain dominance can lead to resistance from other's{{g}}, conflict and begin a cycle of oppression that can be hard to break. Additionally, motivations behind social dominance can shape norms and values, influencing how power is perceived. Societies that prioritise principles tend to have cooperation and mutual respect, having a lessened chance of the negative implications of social hierarchies. Groups who tend to celebrate dominance could reinforce a toxic power dynamic, which can hinder group well being. Furthermore, addressing the challenges that social dominance and power motivation have, requirers a multi level approach. By promoting awareness of these concepts, we are able to encourage empathetic leadership, creating environments that value fairness. Through collaboration we can reduce the detrimental effects negative power can have. By striving for balance between individual and collective well being, societies can build a harmonious foundation, ensuring that the pursuit of power is used to uplift rather than creating a divide. ==References== {{Hanging indent|1= Pratto, F., & Stewart, A. (2011). Social Dominance. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470672532.wbepp253 Roccato, M. (2014). Social Dominance Theory. In Michalos, A.C. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2753#citeas Winter, D. G., & Smith, P. (2009). Power motivation revisited. In Smith, C. P. (Ed.), Motivation and Personality: Handbook of Thematic Content Analysis. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/motivation-and-personality/power-motivation-revisited/6239658999B7A3AF3027D2EFD2A2BD07 Sidanius, J., Pratto, F., & Brief, D. (1995). Group Dominance and the Political Psychology of Gender: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. Political Psychology, 16(2), 381–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/3791836 Schultheiss, O. C., & Brunstein, J. C. (2010). Implicit Motives. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=3HZMCAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3 Wang, J., Qu, S., Li, R., & Fu, Y. (2022). Power motivation arousal promotes prosocial behaviour in the dictator game depending on social presence. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9635729/ Dubois, D., & Ordabayena, N. (2015). Social Hierarchy, Social Status and Status Consumption. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283016882_Social_Hierarchy_Social_Status_and_Status_Consumption Kurt, S. (2021). McClelland’s Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and Affiliation. Retrieved from https://educationlibrary.org/mcclellands-three-needs-theory-power-achievement-and-affiliation/ McClelland, D. C., & Burnham, D. H. (2003). Power is a great motivator. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2003/01/power-is-the-great-motivator Koski, J. E., Xie, H., & Olson, I. R. (2017). Understanding social hierarchies: The neural and psychological foundations of status perception. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5494206/ Tobore, T. O. (2023). On power and its corrupting effects: The effects of power on human behaviour and the limits of control. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10461512/ Islam, G. (2014). Social Dominance Theory. In Teo, T. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_288 Study.com. Social Dominance Theory: Definition & Examples. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/social-dominance-theory-definition-examples.html Wikipedia. Social Dominance Theory. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_dominance_theory }} [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Dominance]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Power motivation]] fj0235hrsgbpjvew52z5g4qtngkt9z9 0 306680 2688790 2640608 2024-11-25T13:07:36Z CommonsDelinker 9184 Removing [[:c:File:Mehmet_Tone777.jpg|Mehmet_Tone777.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: per [[:c:COM:NETCOPYVIO|]]. 2688790 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Human skin]], the body's largest organ, acts as a protective barrier against environmental hazards, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information. It consists of three layers: the epidermis, which includes the outermost protective layer; the dermis, which contains connective tissue, hair follicles, and glands; and the hypodermis, which stores fat and insulates the body. Skin also plays a crucial role in synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight and in excreting waste products through sweat. Factors such as genetics, diet, sun exposure, and skincare routines significantly influence skin health. == Development of Human Skin == The development of human skin is a complex process that begins early in embryogenesis and continues through fetal development into infancy. Throughout life, the skin continues to renew itself, with the epidermis undergoing constant turnover as new cells are produced and old cells are shed. Factors such as aging, hormonal changes, and environmental exposures influence skin development and health. == Scientists who study human skin == Scientists who study human skin are primarily dermatologists, dermatopathologists, and researchers in the fields of dermatology, biology, and biochemistry. [[File:Albert_Kligman111.jpg|thumb|Albert Kligman]] Albert Kligman:     Years Studied: 1950s-2000s     Known for: Developing tretinoin for acne and photoaging. [[File:Thomas_B._Fitzpatrick222.jpg|thumb|Thomas B. Fitzpatrick]] Thomas B. Fitzpatrick:     Years Studied: 1950s-2000s     Known for: Developing the Fitzpatrick scale, which classifies skin types based on their response to UV radiation. [[File:Ferdinand_von_Hebra333.jpg|thumb|Ferdinand von Hebra]] Ferdinand von Hebra:     Years Studied: 1840s-1880s     Known for: Founding the Vienna School of Dermatology and advancing the classification and treatment of skin diseases. [[File:Stephen_I._Katz444.jpg|thumb|Stephen I. Katz]] Stephen I. Katz:     Years Studied: 1970s-2020s     Known for: Contributing to the understanding of immunological mechanisms in skin diseases, particularly during his tenure at NIAMS. [[File:James_G._Krueger555.jpg|thumb|James G. Krueger]] James G. Krueger:     Years Studied: 1980s-Present     Known for: Research on the immunological basis of psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases. [[File:Ervin_Epstein666.jpg|thumb|Ervin Epstein]] Ervin Epstein:     Years Studied: 1970s-Present     Known for: Research on basal cell carcinoma and the molecular mechanisms of skin cancer development. Mehmet Toner:     Years Studied: 1990s-Present     Known for: Work in biomedical engineering, focusing on skin regeneration and repair. These scientists represent a range of historical periods and areas of expertise, reflecting the ongoing advancements in dermatology and skin research over the years. == Structure of human skin == Human skin is composed of three primary layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, each with distinct structures and functions. 1. [[Epidermis]]:     [[Stratum Corneum]]: The outermost layer, consisting of dead, keratinized cells that provide a tough, protective barrier.     [[Stratum Lucidum]]: A thin, clear layer found only in thick skin (palms and soles), providing an additional barrier.     [[Stratum Granulosum]]: Composed of cells that have begun to die and contain granules of keratin, contributing to water resistance.     [[Stratum Spinosum]]: Contains several layers of keratinocytes that are connected by desmosomes, providing strength and flexibility.     [[Stratum Basale]]: The deepest layer, where new keratinocytes are produced through cell division. This layer also contains melanocytes, which produce melanin. 2. [[Dermis]]:     [[Papillary Dermis]]: The upper part of the dermis, characterized by finger-like projections (papillae) that interlock with the epidermis, enhancing the surface area for nutrient exchange and providing strength.     [[Reticular Dermis]]: The deeper and thicker part of the dermis, containing dense connective tissue, collagen, and elastin fibers, which provide structural support and elasticity. This layer also houses hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, and nerve endings. 3. [[Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)]]:     This deepest layer consists primarily of adipose tissue (fat) and connective tissue. It serves as an energy reserve, insulates the body, and provides cushioning against external pressure and trauma. The hypodermis also contains larger blood vessels and nerves that extend into the dermis. Together, these layers work to protect the body, regulate temperature, provide sensory information, and perform various metabolic functions. == See also == [[Callus – thick area of skin]] [[Cutaneous structure development]] [[Category:Skin]] coalw6l17rtvc5z9wb4cunaf0zjvbwj 0 306801 2688851 2683338 2024-11-26T01:51:58Z Jtneill 10242 Copyediting 2688851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Inner voice and motivation:<br>How does the inner voice influence motivation?}} {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/bbfEZj7B6YE}} __TOC__ ==Overview== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}} [[File:Runners 1.svg|thumb|200px|'''Figure 1'''. Sarah practicing her strategic self-talk by saying to herself "push through this.", providing her the motivation to complete the remainder of the race.]] ;Scenario Sarah (see Figure 1.), an avid runner, has set a goal to complete her first marathon. Sarah encounters various physical and mental challenges during her training. She begins to notice an increase in negative thoughts, especially during the more gruelling training sessions. Thoughts like "I can't do this" and "I'm too tired to keep going" start become more frequent. However, Sarah's coach introduces her to the concept of strategic self-talk. By consciously altering her inner dialogue to include statements like "I am strong" and "I can push through", Sarah begins to see a shift. Her perception of effort decreases, her endurance improves, and she finds herself more motivated to stick to her training plan. On race day, despite the physical exhaustion, Sarah draws on her positive inner voice, which helps her maintain energy, stay focused on her goal, and persist through the final, most challenging kilometres to cross the finish line. {{RoundBoxBottom}} The inner voice is a psychological phenomenon that refers to the inner dialogue that individuals engage in within their mind. This inner dialogue can act as a motivational tool, helping individuals to initiate behaviour, set meaningful goals, and sustain commitment even in the face of setbacks (Flanagan & Symonds, 2021). However, the same inner voice can also become a hindrance, especially when dominated by self-critical or negative thoughts, impacting one's ability to persevere (Hatzigeorgiadis et al., 2011). Motivation is the internal process that gives behaviour its energy, direction and persistence (Reeves, 2018). It is the driving force behind every action, from basic survival needs like eating and sleeping to the pursuit of complex personal goals such as career advancement or artistic achievement. Baumeister (2015) argues that, fundamentally, motivation is the state of desiring change either within oneself or in one's environment. This dynamic process is shaped by the interaction between external environments and internal motives, which include needs, cognitions, and emotions (Reeve, 2018). Motivation can be classified into two broad categories: extrinsic and intrinsic. Intrinsic motivation occurs when an individual is driven by internal satisfaction derived from the activity itself (Legault, 2020). In contrast, extrinsic motivation refers to behaviours performed to obtain external rewards or avoid negative consequences (Legault, 2020). Intrinsic motivation leads to more meaningful and sustained engagement and fosters a belief that one’s actions are self-determined (Ryan & Deci, 2000). This leads to an increased sense of autonomy. However, extrinsic motivation can reduce one’s sense of autonomy and decrease intrinsic motivation, especially when there is external pressure and control (Ryan & Deci, 2000). This chapter aims to explore the ways that the little voice inside our head influences motivation. Through psychological theory and research, this chapter uncovers the positive and negative influence of the inner voice on motivation, strategies for improving motivation and the practical applications for these solutions. {{RoundBoxTop|theme=9}} '''Focus questions:''' * How does covert self-talk {{ic|explain term}} enhance components of intrinsic motivation? * In what ways does the IV {{ic|explain abbreviation}} influence an individual’s perception of effort during challenging tasks, and how does this impact their motivational energy? * How do different types of covert self-talk (motivational, instructional, and critical) impact self-regulation and performance outcomes? {{RoundBoxBottom}} ==What is the inner voice?== [[wikipedia:Imagined_speech|Inner voice]] (IV), internal dialogue, inner speech and covert self-talk are some of the terms that are used to refer to the personal experience of verbal language expressed internally, without external articulation (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015). It has been proposed to play an integral part in a range of cognitive functions and the regulation of behaviour (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015; Fernyhough & Borghi, 2023). A methodological challenge that arises with the study of the IV is the fact that it is objectively unobservable, which has hindered the empirical study of the IV (Fernyhough & Borghi, 2023). The main and most direct method of understanding an individuals{{g}} IV is self-report tools, such as questionnaires (Fernyhough & Borghi, 2023). However, these measures can be problematic because participants might provide answers that are influenced by their own preconceived ideas about how they believe their minds work, which could distort the accuracy of their responses (Fernyhough & Borghi, 2023). Other methods include 'think-aloud' in which participants are asked to verbalise their thoughts without filtering them (Oliver et al., 2008). A major limitation this poses is that the filtering of thoughts is inevitable and can result in non-reporting of vital data (Oliver et al., 2008). A critical review of the self-talk literature highlighted that there is a lack of theory-driven research for many years, and much of the focus has been on overt self-talk (Hardy et al., 2004). The majority of the literature on self-talk examines both overt and covert forms simultaneously without distinguishing between the two (Hardy et al., 2004). The limitations this poses are significant: without isolating covert self-talk in research, it is hard to draw definitive conclusions about its unique influence on motivation (Fernyhough & Borghi, 2023). However, the IV, and how it relates to motivation, has attracted research interest across various fields. This includes developmental, educational and sport psychology where inner speech has been linked to self-regulation and endurance performance (Oliver, 2010). == Theoretical frameworks == The exploration of how the inner voice influences motivation is deeply rooted in multiple psychological frameworks that offer unique insights into the mechanisms of covert self-talk. Consideration of theoretical perspectives that illuminate its developmental, dialogical, motivational, and psychobiological aspects are needed in order to comprehensively understand the inner voice's role in motivation. === Vygotsky’s theory of inner speech === Vygotsky’s theory of inner speech provides a developmental and sociocultural framework for understanding how the inner voice influences motivation. According to Vygotsky, inner speech develops in childhood from external speech, which first develops through social interaction (Fernyhough & Borghi, 2023). Initially, children have overt interpersonal communication with caregivers or peers which aid in guiding and regulating their behaviour and attention (Winsler, 2009). Gradually, these external dialogues are internalised and become silent, covert inner speech (Winsler, 2009). It is this transition that allows children the ability to engage in higher order thinking such as self-reflection, self-regulation, and behavioural inhibition (Winsler, 2009). This development supports a child’s ability to conduct independent action and adjust their actions according to goals or external demands (Verhaeghen & Mirabito, 2021). Building on this developmental process, Winsler and Naglieri (2003) demonstrated that overt speech plays a critical role in children's task performance, supporting their ability to shift from external verbalisations to internalised self-regulation. The study demonstrated that children who engage in self-directed speech while performing challenging tasks were better able to control their actions and improve their performance. Moreover, consistent with Vygotsky’s theory, it was observed that children's verbal strategies transitioned from overt to covert with age. Additionally, research by Fernyhough and Fradley (2005) corroborated these results, showing that private speech predicts cognitive control and task performance. These studies provide insight into how overt speech aids in guiding actions towards specific goals. Applying Vygotsky’s theory posits that these overt processes eventually become internalised as covert inner speech, which plays a similar role in adults. === Dialogical self theory === Dialogical Self Theory (DST), proposed by Hermans (1996), expands on the concept of the inner voice by suggesting that internal dialogue consists of multiple "I-positions". These positions represent different parts of the self, each with its own perspectives, which then communicate (Oleś et al., 2020). The way these I-positions interact plays a critical role in motivation, allowing us to negotiate between competing drives (e.g. the desire for immediate gratification vs. the pursuit of long-term goals) (Hermans, 1996). Research supports that inner speech can take on both monological and dialogical forms (Alderson-Day et al., 2014; McCarthy-Jones & Fernyhough, 2011). For instance, when an individual reflects or narrates a situation, the inner voice may be monological, while dialogical inner speech involves a more complex internal conversation. However, much of the existing data relies on self-report measures, which are limited by individuals' ability to introspect and accurately capture their inner experiences, raising concerns about objectivity. Though the experimental studies that explore DST and its role in motivation remain sparse, there are multiple studies investigating internal dialogical activity that align with Hermans{{g}} theory. Research by Kross et al. (2014) highlights the importance of the type of language used in the inner voice, particularly whether one uses first-person or second-person pronouns. Their studies show that using second-person pronouns (e.g. “You can do this Sarah”) facilitates psychological distancing, enabling individuals to appraise their situation more objectively or even as a challenge in anxiety-provoking situations, motivating individuals to persist. This reduces emotional intensity and increases self-regulation. Studies show that dialogues using second-person self-talk{{example}} often mimics a conversation with an advisor or parent (Jin, 2005, 2010, as cited in Dolcos & Albarracin, 2014). Self-referential statements (“I”) is beneficial for introspection, but may hinder self-regulation under stress (Kross et al., 2014). The use of “you” language can be viewed as adopting a different I-position, and aligns with Vygotsky’s view that internal dialogues mimic the social support we receive from others (Dolcos & Albarracin, 2014). Use of second-person pronouns in the inner voice has also been shown to promote greater enjoyment and personal meaning derived from activities, which are key components in intrinsic motivation (Dolcos & Albarracin, 2014; Reeve, 2018). Therefore, the dynamic interplay between these inner voices influences how motivation is sustained and directed over time. === Self-determination theory === Self-determination Theory (SDT), proposed by Deci and Ryan (1985), is a framework that distinguishes between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. A tenet of SDT is that individuals are most intrinsically motivated when they feel a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, is driven external rewards (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Understanding how the inner voice modulates intrinsic and extrinsic motivation requires a focus on how it nurtures these components. For instance, Flanagan and Symonds (2021) showed that children in middle childhood effectively used their IV to set and reinforce goals. The use of extrinsic motivation was found to be beneficial in settings where the child was struggling to complete a task due to lack of enjoyment or the task was too challenging. For example, the children would tell themselves that they would get rewarded for finishing their work. Alternatively, they would express to themselves that they may get punished for not finishing the work. Additionally, they employed a range of self-talk strategies such as positive self-talk like “I can solve this problem,” reinforcing their control and competence in the learning process. Additionally, internal feedback and self-monitoring can have similar effects to external feedback (Bernstein, 1990). It is this feedback, whether it be self-generated or provided by someone else, that can shape someone’s sense of autonomy and competence (Bernstein, 1990). This feedback can either be controlling (pressuring the individual to act in specific ways) or informational (providing supportive guidance that enhances understanding or competence) (Bernstein, 1990). Thus, covert self-talk, acting as a form of internal feedback, can either provide informational support, which nurtures autonomy and competence, or controlling which undermines these needs. The relationship between covert self-talk and autonomy is also shaped by the broader environment. In a study by Oliver et al. (2008), participants were asked to “think-aloud’ during a task, and their self-verbalisations were recorded in both autonomy-supportive and controlling environments. Manipulating the social environment relied on the experimenter offering the participants a meaningful reason for engaging in the task, acknowledging their feelings and emphasising personal choice in how they engaged in the activity. They found that in autonomy-supportive contexts, individuals tended to engage in more positive, constructive self-talk, which reinforced their sense of volition and competence. In contrast, controlling environments led to negative self-talk characterised by pressure, self-criticism, and diminished autonomy. It was also reported that those in the controlling group used more first-person references which aligns with the DST which posits that this language can heighten emotional arousal, interfering with effective self-regulation (Dolcos & Albarracin, 2014). This pattern underscores SDT’s claim that environments that foster autonomy enhance intrinsic motivation, partly by shaping the inner voice that individuals use to motivate themselves. === Psychobiological model === A model that is useful in the pursuit of understanding how the inner voice impacts a behaviors{{g}} strength is the psychobiological model. The model proposed by Maroca (2019) argues that endurance performance, is predicated on two factors: the perception of effort (how strenuous an endurance task feels) and potential motivation (the amount of effort individuals are willing to invest in achieving a goal) (Galanis & Hatzigeorgiadis, 2020). Self-talk, particularly covert self-talk, is suggested to modulate both of these factors. Research shows that strategic self-talk positively influences endurance performance by lowering rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (Barwood et al., 2015; Blanchfield et al., 2014; Wallace et al., 2017). Strategic self-talk includes both motivational self-talk to boost confidence and guide performance) and instructional self-talk (to focus attention and guide performance) (Blanchfield et al., 2014). A study done by Blanchfield et al. (2014) examined the effects of motivational self-talk during a time-to-exhaustion cycling trial. The experimental group received a self-talk intervention where participants were asked to select five motivational phrases they believed would help improve their performance and practice them during their exercise sessions. In the early-mid stage of the task, participants might say to themselves “feeling good”, and in the later stage of the task, they may say “push through this”. Those in the motivational self-talk trial cycled significantly longer and reported lower (RPE). Additionally, Hatzigeorgiadis et al. (2011) conducted a meta-analysis showing that self-talk interventions, particularly those focusing on motivation and positive reinforcement, significantly improve performance in endurance sports. In contrast, negative inner speech—where individuals might criticise their efforts or question their capabilities, can heighten perceived effort, reducing motivation and leading to earlier task withdrawal. While previous research (Barwood et al., 2015; Blanchfield et al., 2014; Wallace et al., 2017) supports the effectiveness of strategic self-talk in enhancing endurance, a study done by (Canacoo et al., 2016) found no significant differences in the endurance performance, RPE, or motivation levels between the self-talk group and the control group. However, individual differences may have affected the efficacy of the intervention given that participants were asked to use a predetermined set of three motivational statements. This highlights the need for individualising motivational strategies that are personally relevant to the participants. There is a notable gap in the literature specifically isolating the effects of covert self-talk on endurance performance (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015). However, this gap does not negate the influence of covert self-talk as a tool for enhancing endurance, considering that it is still being manipulated in these experimental conditions. Future research should aim to distinguish the individual impact of covert self-talk on endurance performance to elucidate its motivational effects. {{robelbox|theme=5|title=Case study:}} Emily, an 8-year-old student, often struggles with math and feels frustrated when faced with difficult problems. Her teacher encourages her to use her inner voice to stay motivated. Emily starts telling herself, "If I finish this, I can play later," or "If I don’t do this, I might miss out on recess." One day, when Emily encounters a challenging math assignment, she feels the usual frustration but quickly uses her self-talk strategy. By reminding herself of the rewards for completing her work and the consequences of not doing it, she pushes through and finishes her homework. This small success boosts her confidence and helps her stay motivated in future tasks. {{Robelbox/close}} {{robelbox|theme=8|title= Quiz}} <quiz display="simple"> {Inner voice involves verbal communication heard by others, while overt self-talk is internal dialogue only heard by oneself |type="()"} + False - True {Strategic self-talk reduces perceived effort, making tasks feel less challenging, and enhances motivation by reinforcing positive thoughts and goals. |type="()"} - False + True </quiz> {{RoundBoxBottom}} == Conclusion == The inner voice plays has a multifaceted and significant role in shaping motivation. Covert self-talk serves as both a guide and a regulator of motivation. Vygotsky’s work provides a sociocultural perspective to the IV, elucidating how the IV evolves from social interaction and the process through which those interactions become internalised to shape behaviour (Fernyhough & Borghi, 2023). Equipping individuals, especially children, with the tools to self-regulate through positive narratives, can enhance their ability to persist in tasks. When children learn to internalise affirming phrases—such as “I can do this” or “I have a choice”—they reinforce their sense of agency and competency, making it easier for them to navigate challenges in the future (Winsler & Naglieri, 2003). DST shows that multiple internal "selves" can drive our motivations in different contexts (Hermans, 1996). Adopting a parental self through using second-person pronouns reduces emotional intensity and promotes self-regulation (Kross et al., 2014). SDT further illustrates that covert self-talk can foster intrinsic motivation by reinforcing key psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Flanagan & Symonds, 2023). However, the degree of influence is context-dependent and varies based on whether the self-talk is instructional, motivational, or critical (Bernstein, 1990). Moreover, creating an autonomy-supportive environment is crucial for fostering positive, constructive self-talk which in turn, fosters intrinsic motivation (Oliver et al., 2008). Finally, the psychobiological model demonstrates how the inner voice supports endurance and persistence, particularly in high-effort tasks through the use of strategic self-talk (Galanis & Hatzigeorgiadis, 2020). For individuals looking to improve not just athletic performance, but also any tasks requiring prolonged effort, such as studying, working on long projects, adopting strategic self-talk can help maintain motivation and decrease the subjective difficulty of their tasks. Despite the prevalence of the inner voice, much of the research remains focused on overt self-talk, leaving gaps in understanding the specific impact of covert self-talk on motivation. Future research should aim to address these gaps, in order to maximise the under-explored potential in psychology. Nonetheless, it is evident that internal dialogues are active agents that influence how individuals engage with challenges, regulate emotions, and pursue goals. ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Endurance sport motivation|Endurance sport motivation]] (Book chapter, 2020) * [[wikipedia:Intrapersonal communication|Intrapersonal communication]] (Wikipedia) ==References== {{Hanging indent|1= Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015). Inner speech: Development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology. ''Psychological Bulletin, 141''(5), 931–965. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000021 Alderson-Day B., McCarthy-Jones S., Bedford S., Collins H., Dunne H., Rooke C., & Fernyhough C. (2014). Shot through with voices: Dissociation mediates the relationship between varieties of inner speech and auditory hallucination proneness. ''Consciousness and Cognition, 27,'' 288–296. 10.1016/j.concog.2014.05.010 Barwood, M. J., Corbett, J., Wagstaff, C. R. D., McVeigh, D., & Thelwell, R. C. (2015). Improvement of 10-km time-trial cycling with motivational self-talk compared with neutral self-talk. ''International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10''(2), 166-171. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0059 Baumeister, R. F. (2016). Toward a general theory of motivation: Problems, challenges, opportunities, and the big picture. ''Motivation and Emotion, 40''(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9521-y Bernstein, D. J. (1990). Of carrots and sticks: A review of Deci and Ryan’s Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. ''Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54''(3), 323–332. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1990.54-323 Blanchfield, A. W., Hardy, J., de Morree, H. M., Staiano, W., & Marcora, S. M. (2014). Talking yourself out of exhaustion: The effects of self-talk on endurance performance. ''Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46''(5), 998-1007. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000184 Canacoo, J. O., Kelly, L., & Knowles, A.-M. (2016). The Effects Of Motivational Self-talk On Endurance Performance And Rate Of Perceived Exertion In Division III Athletes. ''Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48''(5S Suppl 1), 46–47. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000485150.30572.85 Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). ''Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior'' (1st ed.). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 Dolcos, S., & Albarracin, D. (2014). The inner speech of behavioral regulation: Intentions and task performance strengthen when you talk to yourself as a You. ''European Journal of Social Psychology, 44''(6), 636–642. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2048 Fernyhough, C., & Borghi, A. M. (2023). Inner speech as language process and cognitive tool. ''Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27''(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.014 Fernyhough, C., & Fradley, E. (2005). Private speech on an executive task: relations with task difficulty and task performance. ''Cognitive Development, 20''(1), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2004.11.002 Flanagan, R. M., & Symonds, J. E. (2021). Self‐talk in middle childhood: A mechanism for motivational resilience during learning. ''Psychology in the Schools, 58''(6), 1007–1025. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22484 Galanis, E., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., (2020). Self-talk mechanisms. In A.T. Latinjak & A. Hatzigeorgiadis (Eds.), ''Self-talk in sport'' (pp.136-154). Routledge. 978-0-429-46062-3 Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Galanis, E., & Theodorakis, Y. (2011). Self-Talk and Sports Performance. ''Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6''(4), 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611413136 Hermans, H. J. M. (1996). Voicing the self: From information processing to dialogical interchange. ''Psychological Bulletin, 119''(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.119.1.31 Jin, S. R. (2005). The dialectical effect of psychological displacement: A narrative analysis. Taipei, Taiwan: National Science Council. Jin, S. R. (2010). Structure characteristics of psychological displacement and its dialectical phenomenon: Narratives of the multidimensional self. ''Chinese Journal of Guidance and Counseling'', 28, 191–233. Kross, E., Bruehlman-Senecal, E., Park, J., Burson, A., Dougherty, A., Shablack, H., Bremner, R., Moser, J., & Ayduk, O. (2014). Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', 106(2), 304–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035173 Latinjak, A. T., Torregrossa, M., Comoutos, N., Hernando-Gimeno, C., & Ramis, Y. (2019). Goal-directed self-talk used to self-regulate in male basketball competitions. ''Journal of Sports Sciences, 37''(12), 1429–1433. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1561967 Legault, L. (2020). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. ''Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1''(1), 2416–2419. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1139 Marcora, S. (2019). Psychobiology of fatigue during endurance exercise. ''Endurance Performance in Sport'', 15–34. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315167312-2 McCarthy-Jones S., & Fernyhough C. (2011). The varieties of inner speech: Links between quality of inner speech and psychopathological variables in a sample of young adults. ''Consciousness and Cognition, 20'', 1586–1593. 10.1016/j.concog.2011.08.005 Oleś, P. K., Brinthaupt, T. M., Dier, R., & Polak, D. (2020). Types of Inner Dialogues and Functions of Self-Talk: Comparisons and Implications. ''Frontiers in Psychology, 11''(227). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00227 Oliver, E. J., Markland, D., Hardy, J., & Petherick, C. M. (2008). The effects of autonomy-supportive versus controlling environments on self-talk. ''Motivation and Emotion, 32''(3), 200–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-008-9097-x OpenAI. (2024). ''ChatGPT' (version 4). https://chat.openai.com/ Reeve, J. M. (2018). Understanding motivation and emotion (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic motivation, Social development, and well-being. ''American Psychologist, 55''(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68 Uhrich, B. B. (2016). The power of our inner voice: The predictive validity of self-talk - ProQuest. Proquest. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1868419275?%20Theses&fromopenview=true&pq-origsite=gscholar&sourcetype=Dissertations%20 Verhaeghen, P., & Mirabito, G. (2021). When you are talking to yourself, is anybody listening? The relationship between inner speech, self-awareness, wellbeing, and multiple aspects of self-regulation. ''International Journal of Personality Psychology, 7'', 8–24. https://doi.org/10.21827/ijpp.7.37354 Wallace, P. J., Williamson, C., James, M., & Milanovic, Z. (2017). Effects of motivational self-talk on endurance and cognitive performance in the heat. ''Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 49''(8), 1734-1741. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001269 Winsler, A., & Naglieri, J. (2003). Overt and Covert Verbal Problem-Solving Strategies: Developmental Trends in Use, Awareness, and Relations With Task Performance in Children Aged 5 to 17. ''Child Development, 74''(3), 659–678. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00561 Winsler, A. (2009). Still talking to ourselves after all these years: A review of current research on private speech. In A. Winsler, C. Fernyhough, & I. Montero (Eds.), ''Private speech, executive functioning, and the development of verbal self-regulation'' (pp. 3-41). Cambridge University Press. }} [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Cognitive]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Motivation]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Self]] 6v07thn241l15o44brpzkq1bg99c0i7 0 306923 2688856 2681520 2024-11-26T03:03:41Z Jtneill 10242 Copyediting 2688856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Theoretical domains framework:<br>What is the TDF and how can it be used to guide behaviour change?}} {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/ywrUVPwqlcA}} __TOC__ ==Overview== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=2}} [[File:Thinking thought bubble.png|thumb|253x253px|''Figure 1.'' Person thinking about why they are having trouble changing their behaviour.]] ;Consider this scenario: A 46 year old man is committed to quitting smoking but struggles to reduce the number of cigarettes he has a day. He understands the importance of quitting smoking and how it will improve his health and wellbeing but does not know what is stopping him from quitting completely. How does the theoretical domains framework explain this behaviour? Often people are unaware of the barriers and facilitators that affect one's ability to change their behaviour. {{RoundBoxBottom}} Have you ever tried to change a behaviour and found it difficult to do so and don't know why (see Figure 1)? You might be experiencing unknown barriers or facilitators influencing your behaviour change journey. The theoretical domains framework (TDF) is a [[Psychology|psychological]] framework that aims to identify barriers and facilitators of a specific behaviour one is trying to change and to help guide that behaviour change through providing theoretically evidence-based interventions (Atkins et al., 2017). There are a large number of [[wikipedia:Behavioural_change_theories|behaviour change theories and models]] that can help one guide their behaviour change journey (Atkins et al., 2017). The TDF aims to use most of these theories to create an implementation framework that helps the effectiveness of implementation interventions when individuals use them (Atkins et al., 2017). The TDF can help in many aspects of behaviour change; independent specific behaviour change, [[wikipedia:Public_health_intervention|health interventions]] and [[wikipedia:Organizational_behavior|behaviour change in organisations]] (Atkins et al., 2017). This chapter explains what the TDF is, how it works and how it can be used to guide behaviour change. {{RoundBoxTop|theme=7}} '''Focus questions:''' * What is the TDF? * How can the TDF be used to guide behaviour change? * What are the limitations of the TDF? {{RoundBoxBottom}} == What is the TDF? == The TDF is an in-depth psychological theory and [[wikipedia:Implementation_research|implementation science]] based framework which identifies barriers and facilitators that influence specific unwanted or desired behaviours; guiding which behavioural intervention techniques should be implemented to reduce the influence that the barrier has on the behaviour and change the behaviour (Atkins et al., 2017). It was originally developed by a group consisting of health psychology theorists (who were interested in theories related to behaviour change and implementation), [[wikipedia:Health_services_research|health service researchers,]] and [[wikipedia:Health_psychology|health psychologists]] (Michie et al., 2005). This collaborative group aimed to provide a solution to the ineffective [[wikipedia:Evidence-based_practice|evidence-based]] implementations that were resulting in poor health outcomes through simplifying the large number of behaviour change theories by making the theories more accessible and useable for other fields of study (Michie et al., 2005). This first version of the TDF used [[33 Theories making up the theoretical domains framework|33 psychological behaviour change theories]] and 128 constructs (aspects within the theories) that were grouped into 12 domains (categories); (Michie et al., 2005). 7 years later Cane et al. (2012) evaluated the TDF, testing its [[wikipedia:Validity_(statistics)|validity]] and resulting in an updated TDF version 2 which has a stronger research foundation and revises the original 12 domains into 14 and 128 constructs to 84. This TDF establishes that the barriers and facilitators influencing specific behaviours can be identified easily through one of the 14 theoretical domains (through asking participants previously developed interview questions) and can then help guide behaviour change through helping develop or recommend implementation strategies (Atkins et al., 2017). Current research of which most use the second version of the TDF shows that the TDF can be used throughout implementation and behaviour change areas including but not limited to: *Determinants of clinical trial participant dropout (Newlands et al., 2021). *Identifying determinants of medication adherence (Minian et al., 2024). *Barriers to health practitioners’ participation in vaccination administration (el Hajj et al., 2022). *Determinants affecting health behaviour change, for example physical activity (Brown et al., 2024). The theories behind the motivation and ability of individuals to change their behaviour either from stopping an unwanted behaviour or adapting a desired new behaviour has been in debate and researched for centuries (Atkins et al., 2017). A huge number of behaviour change theories have been developed from this research (Atkins et al., 2017). The TDF uses a combination of 33 psychological and organisational behaviour change theories to create a theoretical viewpoint which identifies a broad range of barriers and facilitators affecting behaviour change, which further informs implementation of behaviour change interventions and how to make them more effective (Cane et al., 2012). Each domain is separated into constructs, through which behaviour change implementation programs can be applied to specific behaviours (Cane et al., 2012). When exploring behaviour and change in behaviour, these domains ensure that no theoretical construct of behaviour change has been missed (Atkins et al., 2017). The domains cover a wide coverage of potential implementation problems related to behaviour change implementation programs (Atkins et al., 2017). Notably some theories and constructs overlap (Atkins et al., 2017) see Table 1. '''Table 1''' ''The Refined Theoretical Domains Framework (2nd version)'' {| class="wikitable" |+ !TDF Domain (definition) !Construct |- |1. Knowledge (An awareness of the existence of something) |Knowledge (including knowledge of condition/scientific rationale) Procedural knowledge Knowledge of task environment |- |2. Skills (An ability or proficiency acquired through practice) |Skills Skills development Competence Ability Interpersonal skill Practice Skill assessment |- |3. Social/professional role and identity (A coherent set of behaviours and displayed personal qualities of an individual in a social or work setting) |Professional identity Professional role Social identity Identity Professional boundaries Professional confidence Group identity Leadership Organisational commitment |- |4. Beliefs about capabilities (Acceptance of the truth, reality or validity about an ability, talent or facility that a person can put to constructive use) |Self-confidence Perceived competence Self-efficacy Perceived behavioural control Beliefs Self-esteem Empowerment Professional confidence |- |5. Optimism (The confidence that things will happen for the best or that desired goals will be attained) |Optimism Pessimism Unrealistic optimism Identity |- |6. Beliefs about Consequences (Acceptance of the truth, reality, or validity about outcomes of a behaviour in a given situation) |Beliefs Outcome expectancies Characteristics of outcome expectancies Anticipated regret Consequents |- |7. Reinforcement (Increasing the probability of a response by arranging a dependent relationship, or contingency, between the response and a given stimulus) |Rewards (proximal / distal, valued / not valued, probable / improbable) Incentives Punishment Consequences Reinforcement Contingencies Sanctions |- |8. Intentions (A conscious decision to perform a behaviour or a resolve to act in a certain way) |Stability of intentions Stages of change model Transtheoretical model and stages of change |- |9. Goals (Mental representations of outcomes or end states that an individual wants to achieve) |Goals (distal / proximal) Goal priority Goal / target setting Goals (autonomous / controlled) Action planning Implementation intention |- |10. Memory, attention and decision processes (The ability to retain information, focus selectively on aspects of the environment and choose between two or more alternatives) |Memory Attention Attention control Decision making Cognitive overload / tiredness |- |11. Environment context and resources (Any circumstance of a person’s situation or environment that discourages or encourages the development of skills and abilities, independence, social competence and adaptive behaviour) |Environmental Stress Resources / material resources Organisational culture / climate Salient events / critical incidents Person x environment interaction Barriers and facilitators |- |12. Social influences (Those interpersonal processes that can cause individuals to change their thoughts, feelings, or behaviours) |Social pressure Social norms Group conformity Social comparisons Group norms Social support Power Intergroup conflict Alienation Group identity Modelling |- |13. Emotion (A complex reaction pattern, involving experiential, behavioural, and physiological elements, by which the individual attempts to deal with a personally significant matter or event) |Fear Anxiety Affect Stress Depression Positive / negative affect Burn-out |- |14. Behavioural regulation (Anything aimed at managing or changing objectively observed or measured actions) |Self-monitoring Breaking habit Action planning |} ''Note.'' From "Validation of the theoretical domains framework for use in behaviour change and implementation research" by J. Cane, D. O'Connor and S. Michie, 2012, ''Implementation Science'', ''7(''1), p. 13-14 (https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-37). Copyright 2012 by BioMed Central Ltd. These domains are used to develop interview questions for the constructs (Michie et al., 2005). These construct interviews provide clear direct insights into which domains are most relevant for implementation of the specific unwanted or desired behaviours and guide towards potential intervention strategies (Michie et al., 2005). It is important to note that not all research using the TDF will be related to every single domain and only some questions will need to be developed and used (Atkins et al., 2017). Michie et al. (2005) developed [[TDF Michie et al. (2005) example questions|example questions]] associated with some constructs that apply to the TDF version 2. ;Quiz <quiz display="simple"> {Jill is a participant in a research project and has been asked "Do you know how to take blood from a patient?". To which domain is this question related? |type="()"} + Skills - Social influences - Optimism {Claire is a part of the same research project and gets asked "How confident are you performing CPR?". To which domain is this question related? |type="()"} - Knowledge + Beliefs about capabilities - Emotion </quiz> {{Robelbox|theme={{{theme|6}}}|title=Case study}} <div style="{{Robelbox/pad}}"> A new and more effective medication has been suggested to a doctor to prescribe for patients diagnosed with the flu. Although the doctor has since seen patients with the flu, the doctor has provided previous treatment options and has not prescribed the new medication. Upon interviewing the doctor two explanations arose as to why the new medication had not been prescribed. The first was in relation to domain 4 (beliefs about consequences). It was identified that the doctor was unsure about prescribing the new medication due to their belief of the potential unknown side effects. The second possible explanation was identified in relation to domain 13 (emotion). Due to the product being new and the uncertainty of its effectiveness the doctor found it stressful prescribing the medication. Suggestions for the doctor to help change their behaviour and prescribe the new medication would be to actively seek out the research surrounding the medication and also to ask other health practitioners in the area their viewpoints on the effectiveness and known side effects of the new medication. </div> {{Robelbox/close}} == How does the TDF guide behaviour change? == Due to its simplicity and usability, the TDF has been used across a broad range of fields including psychology, health, organisational theory, and implementation theory (Atkins et al., 2017). The TDF can guide behaviour change through identification of barriers and facilitators and suggesting evidence-based behaviour change interventions (Atkins et al., 2017). The TDF can also guide behaviour change through fixing implementation problems, and helping develop new effective behaviour implementation frameworks (Atkins et al., 2017). [[File:Questionnaire-checklist.png|thumb|''Figure 2.'' Interview example identifying which domain the barriers and facilitators are apart of.]] === Identification of barriers and facilitators === As previously discussed one of the main strengths of the TDF is the broad psychological and organisation behaviour change theoretical coverage which allows for easy identification of barriers of desired behaviours and facilitators of unwanted behaviours (McGowan et al., 2020). Researchers identify these barriers and facilitators by conducting interviews using questions associated with the domains (see Figure 2); (Michie et al., 2005). By identifying these influences on behaviour, the TDF then allows for mapping to evidence-based interventions which guide one's behaviour change journey (Atkins et al., 2017). These implementations are more likely to be effective in guiding behaviour change as they use theories that focus on the specific behaviours being targeted and determinants influencing the behaviour (Atkins et al., 2017). ;Research examples * A study by Newlands et al. (2021) used the TDF to identify the barriers and facilitators related to keeping participants in clinical trials (specifically follow up clinical appointments and final questionnaires). These barriers were categorised into the following domains; knowledge, beliefs about their capabilities and beliefs about consequences in relation to performing the behaviour or not. Now a guide for behavioural implementation in new research, it also helps steer which evidence-based science implementation will help increase clinical participant retention (Newlands et al., 2021). * A study by Debono et al. (2024) used the TDF to identify the barriers to the nurse use or non use of electronic medication management systems. The two main barrier domains were environmental context and resources and social/professional role and identity. The identification of these two domains enabled the researchers to suggest the following. The implementation of hand-held electronic medication systems with greater portability and easier cleaning addressed the environmental domain (Debono et al., 2024). The implementation of social process of encouragement (team and managerial support) was aimed at the domain of social/professional role and identity (Debono et al., 2024). *A study by el Hajj et al. (2022) used the TDF to identify the barriers related to community pharmacists' participation in vaccine administration. The five domains identified were knowledge, skills, belief about capabilities, environmental resources and behaviour regulation (el Hajj et al., 2022). The implementation of more thorough training, improving organisational structures, equipping pharmacies with more appropriate resources will address these four domains (el Hajj et al., 2022). {{Robelbox|theme={{{theme|6}}}|title=Case study}} <div style="{{Robelbox/pad}}"> You have been trying to improve your physical activity by going to the gym. However, when you decide to go you sit in the carpark and cannot enter the gym. You are unaware of why this is the case and would like to change your behaviour and attend the gym. You have heard about the TDF and have decided to try and use it to guide changing your behaviour. Although you do not have any questions ready you know that you can use Michie et al. (2005). You go down the list of domains and find that you relate to domain 4 (beliefs about capabilities). You ask yourself the questions from the list and realise that the barrier you face is that you do not feel comfortable or confident attending the gym. After identifying those barriers you decide to look up potential solutions. You decide on getting a personal trainer. The next day you park outside the gym and instead of staying in your car you get out, go into the gym, meet the trainer and start exercising. You have been going to the gym consistently for three months now. You have used the TDF to identify your barriers and change your behaviour to attend the gym. </div> {{Robelbox/close}} === Develop and fix implementations === As the TDF identifies the determinants influencing a specific behaviour, researchers are able to understand in more depth the mechanisms related to behaviour change and how it is influenced (Atkins et al., 2017). This allows researchers to understand the gaps and problems within the evidence-based behaviour change interventions (French et al., 2012). Through identifying the problems related to current evidence-based practice behaviour change interventions, the TDF can help identify which related techniques will help an individual to change their behaviour (French et al., 2012). These techniques can then help researchers develop new implementation programs and improve current behaviour change implementation programs by adding new developed techniques for behaviour change (French et al., 2012). ;Research examples * In a study by French et al. (2012) the TDF identified theoretical behaviour change components to help create a four step method framework designed to be adaptable to specific behaviours presented by healthcare clinicians. The TDF helped in developing this implementation program as it was the theory informed behaviour change framework that in step two identified the barriers and facilitators (French et al., 2012). In step three the TDF helped inform behaviour change techniques related to step two (French et al., 2012). * In a study by Haskell et al. (2021), the TDF was used as a guide to identify barriers associated with poor management of infant bronchitis and design an implementation program. The TDF helped develop the implementation through step two (identifying barriers and facilitators) and step three (selecting which behaviour change techniques to implement); (Haskell et al., 2021). A six step behaviour change framework was then developed to guide an increase in the effectiveness of improved management along with de-implementing past techniques that do not guide behaviour change well (Haskell et al., 2021). * In a study by Craig et al. (2017), the TDF was used as a guide to identify barriers related to healthcare worker behaviours in emergency department triage. The TDF helped develop the implementation through step two (identifying barriers and facilitators) and step three (selecting which behaviour change techniques to implement); (Craig et al., 2017). Once the TDF identified the barriers the researchers developed a successful implementation intervention to help guide the clinicians{{g}} behaviours to improve triage, treatment and transfer of patients (Craig et al., 2017). == What are the limitations of the TDF? == [[File:Caution.svg|thumb|''Figure 3.'' Remember the TDF has limitations.|center]] Whilst the TDF has been shown to be effective in guiding behaviour change it is important to highlight that the TDF has limitations (see Figure 3). The limitations include: * The TDF identifies the barriers and facilitators associated with one’s ability and motivation to change a behaviour however, the TDF does not establish the cause of why these barriers and facilitators (Atkins et al., 2017). If these causes are not addressed the TDF will be ineffective (Atkins et al., 2017). * Whilst the framework is effective independently, the research shows that TDF is even more effective for behaviour change when implemented with another behaviour change theory model such as the COM-B or behaviour change wheel (Atkins et al., 2017). * The interviewing process for the TDF can be time consuming for candidates who may experience participant fatigue when answering the questions (Atkins et al., 2017). This could mean that the information gathered is not completely accurate potentially reducing the effectiveness of the TDF (Atkins et al., 2017). * There have been issues with researchers coding the interview questions into the allocated 14 domains as domains often overlap (Little et al., 2015). This can cause problems when identifying the barriers and facilitators associated with the behaviour change (Little et al., 2015). ==Conclusion== The TDF is an in-depth psychological behaviour change theory and implementation science-based framework which identifies barriers and facilitators that influence specific unwanted or desired behaviours; guiding which behavioural intervention techniques should be implemented to overcome the barrier or facilitator and change the behaviour (Atkins et al., 2017). The TDF can guide behaviour change by identifying barriers and facilitators of a specific behaviour that one is trying to change and provide evidenced-based interventions specific to the behaviour (Atkins et al., 2017). The TDF can also guide behaviour change by finding problems in behaviour change implementations and providing solutions to help develop new implementations strategies (Atkins et al., 2017). There are some limitations of the TDF including not being able to determine the cause of barriers and facilitators, being time consuming, coding difficulties, overlapping of theoretical constructs and domains (Little et al., 2015). The research suggests that the TDF is more effective in collaboration with other behaviour change models (Atkins et al., 2017). People throughout their lifetime will most likely want to change a behaviour at some point. Using the TDF can be useful in identifying potential personal barriers and facilitators for a specific behaviour and then choosing suitable behaviour change interventions before commencing one's behaviour change journey (Atkins et al., 2017). {{RoundBoxTop|theme=2}} Many people encounter reasons as to why they cannot change a behaviour. If you are having trouble making a behaviour change, consider using the TDF to help you. {{RoundBoxBottom}} ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2018/Behavioural activation and motivation|Behavioural activation and motivation]] (Book chapter, 2018) * [[wikipedia:Behavioural_change_theories|Behaviour change theories]] (Wikipedia) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2023/Health belief model|Health belief model]] (Book chapter, 2023) * [[wikipedia:Motivation|Motivation]] (Wikipedia) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Sedentary behaviour change|Sedentary behaviour change]] (Book chapter, 2020) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2018/Self-perception theory and motivation for positive change|Self-perception theory and motivation for positive change]] (Book chapter, 2018) ==References== {{Hanging indent|1= Atkins, L., Francis, J., Islam, R., O’Connor, D., Patey, A., Ivers, N., Foy, R., Duncan, E. M., Colquhoun, H., Grimshaw, J. M., Lawton, R., & Michie, S. (2017). A guide to using the theoretical domains framework of behaviour change to investigate implementation problems. ''Implementation Science'', ''12''(1), Article 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0605-9 Brown, C., Richardson, K., Halil-Pizzirani, B., Atkins, L., Yücel, M., & Segrave, R. A. (2024). Key influences on university students’ physical activity: A systematic review using the theoretical domains framework and the COM-B model of human behaviour. ''BMC Public Health'', ''24''(1), 418–423. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17621-4 Cane, J., O’Connor, D., & Michie, S. (2012). Validation of the theoretical domains framework for use in behaviour change and implementation research. ''Implementation Science'', ''7''(1), Article 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-37 Craig, L. E., Taylor, N., Grimley, R., Cadilhac, D. A., McInnes, E., Phillips, R., Dale, S., O’Connor, D., Levi, C., Fitzgerald, M., Considine, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Gerraty, R., Cheung, N. W., Ward, J., & Middleton, S. (2017). Development of a theory-informed implementation intervention to improve the triage, treatment and transfer of stroke patients in emergency departments using the theoretical domains framework (TDF): The T3 trial. ''Implementation Science'', ''12''(1), Article 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0616-6 Debono, D., Taylor, N., Lipworth, W., Greenfield, D., Travaglia, J., Black, D., & Braithwaite, J. (2024). Applying the theoretical domains framework to identify barriers and targeted interventions to enhance nurses’ use of electronic medication management systems in two Australian hospitals. ''Implementation Science'', ''12''(1), Article 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0572-1 el Hajj, M. S., Al‐Ziftawi, N., Stewart, D., & Al‐Khater, D. M. A. Y. (2022). Community pharmacists’ participation in adult vaccination: A cross‐sectional survey based on the theoretical domains framework. ''British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology'', ''89''(2), 773–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15529 French, S. D., Green, S. E., O’Connor, D. A., McKenzie, J. E., Francis, J. J., Michie, S., Buchbinder, R., Schattner, P., Spike, N., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2012). Developing theory-informed behaviour change interventions to implement evidence into practice: A systematic approach using the theoretical domains framework. ''Implementation Science'', ''7''(1), Article 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-38 Haskell, L., Tavender, E. J., Wilson, C. L., O’Brien, S., Babl, F. E., Borland, M. L., Cotterell, E., Sheridan, N., Oakley, E., & Dalziel, S. R. (2021). Development of targeted, theory-informed interventions to improve bronchiolitis management. ''BMC Health Services Research'', ''21''(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06724-6 Little, E. A., Presseau, J., & Eccles, M. P. (2015). Understanding effects in reviews of implementation interventions using the theoretical domains framework. ''Implementation Science'', ''10''(1), Article 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0280-7 McGowan, L. J., Powell, R., & French, D. P. (2020). How can use of the theoretical domains framework be optimized in qualitative research? A rapid systematic review. ''British Journal of Health Psychology'', ''25''(3), 677–694. https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjhp.12437 Michie, S., Johnston, M., Abraham, C., Lawton, R., Parker, D., & Walker, A. (2005). Making psychological theory useful for implementing evidence based practice: A consensus approach. ''Quality and Safety in Health Care'', ''14''(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2004.011155 Minian, N., Wong, M., Hafuth, S., Rodak, T., Rahimi, A., Gjomema, D., Rose, J., Zawertailo, L., Ratto, M., & Selby, P. (2024). Identifying determinants of varenicline adherence using the theoretical domains framework: A rapid review. ''BMC Public Health'', ''24''(1), Article 679. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18139-z Newlands, R., Duncan, E., Presseau, J., Treweek, S., Lawrie, L., Bower, P., Elliott, J., Francis, J., MacLennan, G., Ogden, M., Wells, M., Witham, M. D., Young, B., & Gillies, K. (2021). Why trials lose participants: A multitrial investigation of participants’ perspectives using the theoretical domains framework. ''Journal of Clinical Epidemiology'', ''137'', 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.03.007 }} ==External links== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BmhtlmaO-4 Approaches to behaviour change] (NHS England workforce, training and Education x youtube) * [https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_ariely_how_to_change_your_behavior_for_the_better?subtitle=en How to change your behavior for the better] (TED.com) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xp0O2vi8DX4 How to motivate yourself to change your behavior] (TEDx Talks x Youtube) * [https://vimeo.com/324121601 Theoretical domains framework and behaviour change wheel] (Vimeo x Mater research institute UQ) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCOOWEERO7M Using the theoretical domains framework in implementation research] (Australian Institute of Health Innovation x YouTube) [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Behaviour]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Intervention]] 68imao4lvhummviu36y0nsepo5z2xga 1 307069 2688849 2668255 2024-11-26T01:15:31Z Jtneill 10242 Book chapter feedback 2688849 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Initial suggestions== {{ping|Smritiadhikari}} Thanks for tackling this topic. Some initial suggestions: * Check out other related chapters and see how you can build on, link to, and integrate with that work: ** [[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Indigenous/Australian]] ** [[:Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Violence]] * Also [[Motivation and emotion/Book|search past book chapters for related topics]] * For the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic|topic development]], consider: ** What psychological theory(ies) can help to understand and explain this topic? ** What is the main research in this area? * Let me know if I can do anything else to support the development of this chapter. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 10:51, 11 August 2024 (UTC) Hi @smritiadhikari your book chapter is looking great! I just wanted to suggest for your case study to maybe include more specific details such as a specific job title and area that the work will be to create more realism. == Heading casing == {| style="float: center; background:transparent;" |- | [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]] | {{#if:Smritiadhikari|Hi [[User:Smritiadhikari|Smritiadhikari]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:<br> <big><big>Self-determination theory</big></big> rather than <big><big>Self-Determination Theory</big></big> Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 21:38, 2 September 2024 (UTC) |} <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|Heading casing]] # Promising 3-level heading structure – could benefit from further development and/or refinement # Simplify to a 2-level structure <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings <!-- Other ---> # The Overview and Conclusion should not have sub-headings # Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings # Quiz doesn't need a separate heading; instead embed quiz questions within relevant sections |3= <!-- Overview--> # Very good <!-- Scenario --> # Move the scenario or case study into a feature box (with an image) to the start of this section to help catch reader interest <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is provided <!-- Focus questions --> # Closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings is recommended # Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section |4= <!-- Key points--> # Excellent – key points are well developed for each section <!-- Citations --> # Excellent use of citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Promising balance of theory and research <!-- Other --> # For sections which include sub-sections, include the key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings # ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Then focus most of the content on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title. # Use [https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-in-third-person.html 3rd person perspective], although a case study or feature box could use 1st or 2nd person perspective # Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., analyze -> analyse; behavior -> behaviour) <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion is well developed # What might the take-home, practical messages be? (What are the answer(s) to the question(s) in the sub-title and/or focus questions?) |5= <!-- Figure --> # One or more relevant figure(s) presented and captioned <!-- Caption --> # The figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text <!-- Cite --> # Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1) <!-- Size --> # Consider increasing image size from to make it easier to view # Consider decreasing image size to make it less dominant in relation to the text |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to relevant book chapters (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]) <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Consider use of more scenarios/examples/case studies <!-- Quiz --> # Promising use of quiz question(s) # Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages for each focus question # Embed the questions in relevant sections rather than having as a separate section <!-- Tables --> # Also consider using one or more tables to summarise key information |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Good # 5 out 6 references supplied <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses <!-- Suggestions --> # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## capitalisation ## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]] |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Very good ## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] ## Some spaces were missing (fixed) <!-- External links --> # External links ## Very good ## Some spaces are missing ## Use alphabetical order |9= <!-- User page --> # Basic <!-- Description about self --> # Very brief description about self – consider expanding <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Physiological needs#Social contributions|Tutorial 03]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter submission, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]]. }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 21:38, 2 September 2024 (UTC) == Feedback == Hi @[[User:Smritiadhikari|Smritiadhikari]] I just read through your page and noticed that your not using wikiversity's quiz function for your quiz, i wanted to let you know that you can insert a quiz that can display your same true/false questions and automatically grade peoples answers. Below I've included the wikiversity tutorial for the function [[Help:Quiz-Simple]] Best of luck on your chapter [[User:U3230258|U3230258]] ([[User talk:U3230258|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/U3230258|contribs]]) 21:49, 5 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FLateral_violence_among_Indigenous_Australians&diff=2688847&oldid=2687838 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image (fixed) <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant) |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # A good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Very good depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Good use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # In many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Reasonably good review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # In many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Basic [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Reasonably good integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent summary and conclusion # Key points are well summarised # Add practical, take-home message(s) |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is good <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Overly detailed caption ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use basic APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Basic use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # No use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # No use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Insufficient use of figure(s) # Good use of table(s) # Basic use of feature box(es) # Basic use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Consider adding quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Basic use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Add more links <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Insufficient use of external links in the "External links" section ## Add more links |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 01:15, 26 November 2024 (UTC) 6c4nubqjoyfi7ndbyopk389iv9fjojz 1 307226 2688852 2683415 2024-11-26T01:52:22Z Jtneill 10242 Book chapter feedback 2688852 wikitext text/x-wiki == Feedback == Hi [[User:U3248317|U3248317]], good luck with the assignment! I think it would be really interesting to understand more about the impact of childhood on inner voice and motivation. For example, can practices that parents have with their children (like positive affirmations) influence a child's inner voice? It would also be interesting to see if there has been anything you could reference to inside out as a way of engaging with individuals reading your book chapter. I use inside out and the emotions to engage with my own kids. Looking forward to reading this chapter! Mel [[User:U3225022|U3225022]] ([[User talk:U3225022|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/U3225022|contribs]]) 03:08, 15 August 2024 (UTC) == Suggestion == Hi @[[User:U3248317|U3248317]], Have you heard of aphantasia? It's not exactly an inner "voice" but it is a condition related to inner-thoughts and conceptualisation. Hope it helps! [[User:U3249300|U3249300]] ([[User talk:U3249300|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/U3249300|contribs]]) 03:50, 15 August 2024 (UTC) == Heading casing == {| style="float: center; background:transparent;" |- | [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]] | {{#if:U3248317|Hi [[User:U3248317|U3248317]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:<br> <big><big>Self-determination theory</big></big> rather than <big><big>Self-Determination Theory</big></big> Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 05:05, 13 October 2024 (UTC) |} <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|Heading casing]] # Basic, 2-level heading structure – could benefit from further development (expand) <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings <!-- Other ---> # "Motivation" heading isn't necessary. Provide this information in Overview or move into subsequent sections. Or move 4, 5, 6 underneath as sub-headings. |3= <!-- Overview--> # Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions <!-- Scenario --> # A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box with an image at the start of this section <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is provided <!-- Focus questions --> # Closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings is recommended |4= <!-- Key points--> # Promising development of key points <!-- Citations --> # Excellent use of citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Good balance of theory and research <!-- Other --> # Avoid overcapitalisation (APA style) – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] # Does this plan include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity. <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion reads like unacknowledged genAI content # What might the take-home, practical messages be? (What are the answer(s) to the question(s) in the sub-title and/or focus questions?) |5= <!-- Figure --> # One or more relevant figure(s) presented and captioned <!-- Caption --> # The figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text (e.g., add something about IV) # Use APA style for figure captions <!-- Cite --> # Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # Promising in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to relevant book chapters <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Excellent use of one or more scenarios/examples/case studies <!-- Quiz --> # Excellent use of quiz question(s) <!-- Tables --> # Also consider using one or more tables to summarise key information |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Good <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Are there any systematic reviews about this topic? <!-- Suggestions --> # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## capitalisation ## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Very good ## Use alphabetical order <!-- External links --> # External links ## To be developed (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]) |9= <!-- User page --> # Good <!-- Description about self --> # Description about self provided <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # One out of three types of contributions made with with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making: #* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]] #* posts about the unit or project on other platforms such as the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum or on [https://x.com X] using the {{Motivation and emotion/Hashtag}} }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 06:00, 3 September 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is a very good presentation |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening conveys the purpose of the presentation in a very good way <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # The presentation has a basic introduction to engage audience interest #<!-- Overview - Context --> # A context for the presentation is clearly established through an example <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Focus questions and/or an outline of topics are presented |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # An appropriate amount of content is presented — not too much or too little <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes very good use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes good use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes basic use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation provides basic practical advice <!-- Content - Easy to understand --> # The presentation provides easy to understand information |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Summary and take-aways --> # The conclusion provides an excellent summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides excellent take-home message(s) <!-- Conclusion - Time --> # The Conclusion only partly fitted within the time limit # The Conclusion did not fit within the time limit |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes basic use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Audio communication is well-paced <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Reasonably good [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration is well practiced and/or performed <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was very good <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is very good <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes very good use of text and image based slides # References not provided <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # The font size is sufficiently large to make it easy to read # Consider increasing line spacing to make the text easier to read <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented per slide makes it reasonably easy to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication is supplemented in an very good way by relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is well produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The correct title and sub-title (or an abbreviation to fit within the 100 character limit) are used in the name of the presentation — this helps to clearly convey the purpose of the presentation <!-- Meta-data - Description -->t # Provide a written description of the presentation to help potential viewers # References not provided <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # A link to the book chapter is not provided # A link from the book chapter is provided <!-- Meta-data - Kids --> # The presentation is incorrectly categorised as being for kids. This creates limitations, such as being unable to add the presentation to a playlist. [https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9528076 More info]. |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Images --> # Image sources and their copyright status are communicated # Image sources are communicated in a general way # Provide clickable links to the image sources and license details (e.g., in the description) # Image sources and their copyright status are not clearly indicated <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is clearly indicated # A copyright license for the presentation is in the description but not in the license field # A copyright license for the presentation is not clearly indicated }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 06:06, 11 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FInner_voice_and_motivation&diff=2688851&oldid=2683338 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Relevance of I-E motivation distinction is unclear <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are very good |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Basic use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Good use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent review of relevant research <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Very good [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/ integration between theory and research # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Very good summary and conclusion # Overly long paragraph (fixed) # Add practical, take-home message(s) |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well captioned ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Consider adding embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Basic use of figure(s) # Consider adding table(s) # Reasonably good use of feature box(es) # Reasonably good use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Reasonably good use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Basic use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Add more links <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Consider adding external links in the "External links" section |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~4 logged, useful, mostly minor contributions with direct links to evidence }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 01:52, 26 November 2024 (UTC) n3vxscow5b9rf9op4aeklarciz2b0dm 1 307238 2688871 2683365 2024-11-26T05:24:55Z Jtneill 10242 Book chapter feedback 2688871 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hey! == I saw your book chapter and and I just thought I would comment. This seems like a super interesting topic. If you haven't already I would suggest looking at this article the doi is 10.1093/oso/9780190629113.003.0020 and its by Robin Bergh, Gregory K. Davis, Sa-kiera T. J. Hudson, and Jim Sidanius and the article talks about 20 theories of social dominance and power comparison. As well as an article called When Inequality Fails: Power, Group Dominance, and Societal Change by Felicia Pratto*a, Andrew L. Stewarta, Fouad Bou Zeineddinea and they talk about the group power and how it can change. For formatting I would suggest making the top right hand image a little bit bigger so it is more visible. But besides that, great start and hope to read more! [[User:Joan-E-1405|Joan-E-1405]] ([[User talk:Joan-E-1405|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Joan-E-1405|contribs]]) 05:31, 15 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and/or sub-title were not correctly worded and/or formatted. This has been corrected. |2= <!-- Headings --> # Basic, 1-level heading structure – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Adopt closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings |3= <!-- Overview--> <!-- Scenario --> # Add a scenario or case study into a feature box (with an image) at the start of this section to help catch reader interest <!-- Description --> # Make this section more user-friendly. Move details into a subsequent question. # Use present rather than future tense <!-- Focus questions --> # Closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings is recommended # Open-ended focus questions are usually better than closed-ended (e.g., yes/no) questions # Use bullet-points per Tutorial 2 # Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section |4= <!-- Key points--> # Very basic development of key points for each section, with limited use of relevant citations # ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Then focus most of the content on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title.# "Correlation" has a very specific (statistical) meaning. Consider replacing with "relation" and/or "relationship". <!-- Theory and research --> # It is unclear whether the best available psychological theory and research has been consulted in the preparation of this plan <!-- Style --> # Use APA style 7th edition for citations <!-- Other --> # Please read and follow the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|using genAI guidelines]] # I recommend using the [https://unicanberra.instructure.com/courses/15707/external_tools/262?display=borderless Studiosity] service and/or a service like [https://www.grammarly.com/ Grammarly] to help improve the quality of written expression because there are a lot of grammatical errors <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion (the most important section): ## Hasn't been developed |5= <!-- Figure --> # A relevant figure is not presented and cited (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]) |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # Include in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to other relevant book chapters <!-- Other --> # Consider including more examples/case studies, quiz question(s), table(s) etc. |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Insufficient <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Are there any systematic reviews about this topic? <!-- Suggestions --> # Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to External links # Do not use genAI as academic references - unreliable source - see genAI guidelines # For [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style], check and correct: ## capitalisation ## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]] ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf doi formatting] ## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable) ## use dois where available instead of other links # Remember that the goal is to identify and use the best academic theory and research about this topic |8= <!-- Resources --> # See also ## Not developed # External links ## Not developed |9= <!-- User page --> # Created – minimal, but sufficient <!-- Description about self --> # Brief description about self – consider expanding <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # Add link to book chapter |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence – this was covered in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Physiological needs#Social contributions|Tutorial 03]]. Looking ahead to the book chapter submission, see how to earn marks for [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]]. }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 22:05, 18 August 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is a basic presentation <!-- Overall - Time --> # The presentation is over the maximum time limit. Content beyond 3 mins is ignored for marking and feedback purposes. |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening conveys the purpose of the presentation in a basic way <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # Create an engaging introduction to hook audience interest (e.g., through an example) <!-- Overview - Context --> # A basic context for the presentation is established <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Consider asking focus questions to help focus and discipline the presentation |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # There is too much content (goes over time). Provide a higher-level presentation. It is better to cover a small amount of well-selected content well than a large amount poorly. <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes insufficient/no use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes insufficient/no use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes insufficient/no use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation could be improved by providing practical advice <!-- Content - Easy to understand --> # The presentation provides easy to understand information |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Summary and take-aways --> # The conclusion provides a basic summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides basic take-home message(s) <!-- Conclusion - Time --> # The Conclusion only partly fitted within the time limit |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Easy to follow --> # The audio is easy to follow <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes basic use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Audio communication is well-paced <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Basic [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration could benefit from further scripting and/or practice <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was reasonably good # Review microphone set-up to achieve higher recording quality. Probably an on-board microphone was used (e.g., keyboard and/or mouse clicks were audible). Consider using an external microphone. <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic # The narrated [[#Content|content]] lacked synthesis of the best psychological research about this topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is basic <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes basic use of text-based slides <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # The font size is mostly sufficiently large to make it easy to read # Some of the font size could be larger to make it easier to read <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented per slide makes it reasonably easy to read and listen at the same time # The amount of text presented on one or more slides could be reduced to make it easier to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication could be improved by including relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is basically produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is reasonably well matched to the target topic # The visual [[#Content|content]] lacked synthesis of the best research about this topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The video title does not match the chapter title and sub-title. This would help to clearly convey the purpose of the presentation and be consistent. <!-- Meta-data - Description --> # Provide a written description of the presentation to help potential viewers <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # A link to the book chapter is not provided # A link from the book chapter is provided <!-- Meta-data - Kids --> # The presentation is incorrectly categorised as being for kids. This creates limitations, such as being unable to add the presentation to a playlist. [https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9528076 More info]. |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is not clearly indicated }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 21:27, 10 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The sub-title was incorrect (fixed) # The problematic formatting/style of the chapter indicates that the skills taught in tutorials have not been acquired # The chapter takes a somewhat sociological approach to the topic, rather than concentrating on synthesising the best psychological theory and research about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # The chapter does not make effective use of the wiki environment to create an engaging, interactive experience for a reader <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FSocial_dominance_and_power_motivation&diff=2688870&oldid=2676905 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Reasonably good depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # No use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## The written expression is quite abstract/convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Many paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider using sub-headings <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar ## The grammar for many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., move double spaces) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### Do not include author first name or initials ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use poor APA style ### Use hanging indent (fixed) ### Move internal links to the See also section ### Move external links to the External links section |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Add embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # No use of figure(s) # No use of table(s) # Basic use of feature box(es) # Insufficient use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Basic use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section <!-- Learning features – External links --> # No use of external links in the "External links" section |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 05:24, 26 November 2024 (UTC) 08fsfy8gq71srvvxac1ny3g31t5mayc 0 307266 2688847 2687838 2024-11-26T01:14:54Z Jtneill 10242 Copyediting 2688847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Lateral violence among Indigenous Australians:<br>What drives it and how can it be addressed?}} {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/KVfYlFTo_9o?si=UDdy0PBkD90qINpP}} __TOC__ ==Overview== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}} [[File:Transgenerational trauma.png|thumb|200x200px|Figure 1: an illustration of the cycle of transgenerational trauma, showing how trauma and lateral violence are passed from grandmother to mother to daughter. Each generation inherits unresolved trauma and learned behaviours, perpetuating a cycle of harm within Indigenous communities. This visual emphasizes the need for healing to break the cycle.]] In a remote Indigenous Australian community, Sarah, a young Aboriginal woman, is excited about her new role as a community health worker. However, she soon faces criticism and exclusion from some community members who accuse her of "acting white" and "forgetting her roots". Sarah feels torn between her desire to help her community and the pressure to conform to others' expectations. {{RoundBoxBottom}} Lateral violence is a significant issue affecting Indigenous Australian communities. It can manifest as harmful behaviours directed at members of one's own marginalized group. This phenomenon, rooted in historical trauma and ongoing systemic inequalities, poses a substantial challenge to individual and community well-being. Psychological science offers valuable insights into understanding and addressing lateral violence. By examining the underlying psychological mechanisms, historical context, and contemporary factors contributing to this issue, we can develop effective strategies for intervention and healing. This chapter explores the complex dynamics of lateral violence among Indigenous Australians, its drivers, and potential solutions. We will delve into relevant psychological theories, examine current research, and consider culturally appropriate approaches to addressing this critical issue. {{RoundBoxTop}} '''Focus questions''' * How does historical trauma contribute to lateral violence in Indigenous Australian communities? * What psychological theories explain the persistence of lateral violence? * How does lateral violence impact individual and community well-being? * What strategies can effectively address and prevent lateral violence? * How can cultural strengthening combat lateral violence? {{RoundBoxBottom}} ==Understanding lateral violence == {{expand}} === Definition and manifestations === Lateral violence, also known as horizontal violence or intra-racial conflict, refers to harmful behaviors and aggression within systemically exploited or oppressed groups{{f}}. It is commonly described as infighting between people from the same group who have historically been oppressed (AHRC,2011). Lateral violence can take many forms{{f}}: * Bullying: This may include both overt acts of aggression and subtle forms of intimidation that target individuals within the community. For example, a young Indigenous artist may face ridicule from peers for pursuing their passion, leading to feelings of isolation. * Gossip: Spreading rumors or negative information about others undermines trust and solidarity within the community. This behavior can create a toxic atmosphere where individuals feel unsafe to express themselves. * Social Exclusion: Individuals may be ostracized or marginalized by their peers for various reasons, including perceived success or deviation from community norms. A case in point is when a community member achieves educational success but is shunned for "betraying" their culture. * Physical Violence: In extreme cases, lateral violence can escalate to physical confrontations. Instances of fights breaking out during community events often stem from unresolved tensions and frustrations. These behaviors are often rooted in internalized oppression and historical trauma. For instance, Sarah—a young Aboriginal woman excited about her new role as a community health worker—faces backlash from some community members who accuse her of "acting white" and "forgetting her roots." This tension illustrates how lateral violence can create barriers to progress within communities.The emotional toll on individuals like Sarah is profound. Her initial excitement is overshadowed by feelings of alienation and self-doubt. This scenario exemplifies how lateral violence undermines aspirations while reinforcing negative stereotypes. === Historical context === The roots of lateral violence lie in the historical trauma inflicted upon Indigenous Australians through colonization, forced removal from land, and systemic oppression (Clark et al., 2021). The legacy of colonization has led to a loss of cultural identity and traditional conflict resolution methods, perpetuated by ongoing discrimination and marginalization. The cycle of transgenerational trauma illustrates how unresolved issues are passed down through generations. Trauma inherited from grandmother to mother to daughter perpetuates a cycle of harm within Indigenous communities. Each generation grapples with the weight of past injustices while navigating their own challenges.{{f}} Understanding this context is crucial for addressing lateral violence effectively. Colonization has created an environment where individuals feel compelled to exert power over one another instead of uniting against systemic injustices. The pressure to conform to community expectations can lead individuals like Sarah to feel torn between their aspirations and the need for acceptance.{{f}} == '''Drivers and impacts of lateral violence''' == {{expand}} === Colonial legacy and systemic oppression === The ongoing impact of colonization, including loss of land, culture, and autonomy, continues to fuel lateral violence (Clark et al., 2021). Systemic discrimination and lack of access to resources exacerbate feelings of powerlessness and frustration. Many Indigenous Australians have internalized negative stereotypes about their identity. This internalized oppression leads to self-destructive behaviors and conflicts within communities (Clark & Augoustinos, 2015). Individuals may project their frustrations onto those closest to them due to feelings of inadequacy stemming from systemic oppression. Colonial legacies create an environment where competition replaces cooperation. The scarcity mentality fostered by systemic inequalities leads individuals to view each other as rivals rather than allies in the struggle for recognition and justice. This dynamic further entrenches the cycle of lateral violence within communities.{{f}} === Internalized oppression === Many Indigenous Australians have internalized negative stereotypes about their identity, leading to self-destructive behaviors and conflicts within communities (Clark & Augoustinos, 2015). === Individual well-being === Lateral violence significantly affects mental health by contributing to increased rates of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress (Clark et al., 2016).It erodes self-esteem, cultural pride, and confidence in identity. Individuals may feel discouraged from pursuing education or career advancement due to the fear of being ostracized by their community{{f}}. The emotional toll can be debilitating; many individuals may withdraw from their communities altogether in an attempt to escape negativity{{f}}. Sarah's experience reflects this reality; her aspirations are stifled by the fear that pursuing her goals will lead to further alienation. This situation exemplifies how lateral violence can undermine individuals’ aspirations while reinforcing negative stereotypes. Table 1 ''Mental Health Outcomes Impacted by Lateral Violence'' {| class="wikitable" !Mental Health Outcome !Description of Impact !Prevalence Rates !Research Findings |- |Anxiety |Increased anxiety due to social exclusion or criticism. |Higher in Indigenous communities |Clark et al. (2016) found anxiety as a common outcome of lateral violence. |- |Depression |Higher rates of depression from chronic stress and low self-esteem. |2.5 times higher in Indigenous communities |Lateral violence significantly contributes to depression (Clark et al., 2016). |- |Psychological Distress |Elevated distress, including feelings of hopelessness. |Significantly higher in Indigenous communities |Exacerbates psychological distress, leading to hopelessness and despair (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2011). |- |Self-Esteem |Eroded self-esteem due to constant criticism and negative feedback. |Common among Indigenous youth |Internalized oppression erodes self-esteem (Clark & Augoustinos, 2015). |- |Cultural Pride |Reduced cultural pride from pressure to conform to dominant norms. |Linked to lower mental health outcomes |Leads to abandonment of cultural practices (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2011). |- |Identity Confidence |Decreased confidence in one's identity, leading to identity confusion. |Prevalent among Indigenous adolescents |Creates identity confusion and low self-esteem (Clark & Augoustinos, 2015). |} === Community cohesion === Lateral violence undermines trust within communities by disrupting relationships that are crucial for social cohesion. It creates divisions based on perceived authenticity regarding Indigenous identity (Clark & Augoustinos, 2015). The cycle of trauma perpetuated by lateral violence disrupts the transmission of cultural knowledge and practices among generations. When trust erodes within a community, it becomes increasingly difficult for members to work together toward common goals. This fragmentation affects individual relationships while hampering collective efforts toward cultural revitalization.{{f}} The erosion of trust not only impacts interpersonal relationships but also hinders collective action needed for social change. Without a united front against external oppression, communities become vulnerable to further marginalization.{{f}} == Psychological theories and research insights == This section reviews key findings from recent studies and their implications for addressing the issue. === Theoretical Frameworks === {{expand}} ==== Oppression theory ==== Oppression theory serves as a critical lens through which we can understand lateral violence as a direct result of systemic oppression experienced by Indigenous peoples (AHRC, 2011). This theory posits that when individuals belong to marginalized groups facing discrimination, they may internalize these oppressive narratives. Consequently, rather than directing their frustrations outward toward systemic injustices such as colonialism or racism—they may turn on one another within their communities. This internalized oppression creates fertile ground for harmful behaviors like gossiping or bullying among peers who share similar experiences of marginalization. For instance, in a study{{f}} conducted in an urban Aboriginal community in Australia, participants reported feeling pressured to conform to certain behaviors deemed "authentic" by their peers. Those who pursued education or professional opportunities were often criticized for "acting white," which created divisions among community members rather than fostering support for individual growth. ==== Post-colonial theory and intergenerational trauma ==== Post-colonial theory provides insight into how historical trauma from colonization continues to shape contemporary experiences within Indigenous communities (Clark & Augoustinos, 2015). It emphasizes that colonial practices disrupted traditional social structures and cultural identities, creating conditions ripe for lateral violence. The legacy of dispossession not only strips away land but also erodes cultural practices that foster resilience and unity among community members. Intergenerational trauma posits that the psychological scars inflicted by colonization are passed down through generations—contributing further to cycles of dysfunction within families. Intergenerational trauma plays a significant role in post-colonial theory as it highlights how historical injustices affect not just individuals but entire families over time. A case study analyzing intergenerational trauma among Aboriginal families reveals patterns where children exhibit behavioral issues linked directly to their parents’ unresolved traumas stemming from past injustices like forced removals during the Stolen Generations. ==== Social identity theory ==== Social identity theory offers a framework for understanding how in-group favoritism can lead to discrimination against others within the same group (Tajfel & Turner, 1979). This theory suggests that when individuals derive part of their self-esteem from belonging to a particular social group like an Indigenous community.They may engage in behaviors that reinforce group boundaries at the expense of others perceived as outsiders or less "authentic." Such dynamics contribute significantly to lateral violence as individuals jockey for status or validation within their group. In various Indigenous contexts across Australia, research shows that individuals who achieve educational success often face backlash from peers who view their accomplishments as a betrayal of cultural values. This creates an environment where success is met with suspicion rather than celebration. === Feminist theory === Feminist theory provides an essential perspective on how gender intersects with issues of race and class in understanding lateral violence (Hooks, 2000). Bell hooks emphasizes the importance of recognizing how patriarchal structures exacerbate existing inequalities within marginalized communities. In many cases, women bear the brunt of both external oppression and internalized misogyny manifesting as lateral violence against each other. By examining these intersections through a feminist lens, we can better understand how power dynamics shape interpersonal relationships within Indigenous communities. The experiences shared by women in various Aboriginal communities often highlight how gendered expectations lead to competition rather than collaboration among women striving for empowerment in predominantly patriarchal environments. === Decoloniality theory === Decoloniality theory challenges colonial narratives and seeks to reclaim Indigenous knowledge systems (Yunkaporta, 2019). Tyson Yunkaporta argues for a return to traditional ways of knowing that prioritize relationality over individualism. By re-establishing connections with land, culture, and community practices, we can disrupt cycles of lateral violence rooted in colonial frameworks. This approach advocates for collective healing rather than individual blame. A crucial step in addressing the root causes of harm within communities. Projects aimed at revitalizing traditional ecological knowledge among Indigenous youth demonstrate how reconnecting with cultural practices fosters pride in identity while reducing instances of lateral violence through strengthened communal bonds. These theoretical frameworks help contextualize the phenomenon of lateral violence within broader societal issues related to power dynamics and identity politics. They provide valuable insights into why these harmful behaviors persist despite efforts toward healing and reconciliation. == Culturally Appropriate Approaches to Addressing Lateral Violence == Addressing lateral violence requires culturally sensitive interventions that resonate with Indigenous values and practices: '''Community-Led Healing Programs''' Initiatives designed by community members are more likely to succeed because they incorporate local knowledge and cultural practices. Programs such as storytelling circles allow individuals to share experiences while fostering empathy among participants. A storytelling circle held monthly in an urban Aboriginal center provides a safe space where participants share personal experiences related to mental health challenges exacerbated by lateral violence incidents. These gatherings foster solidarity among attendees while promoting emotional healing through shared narratives.{{f}} '''Integration of Traditional Healing Practices''' Incorporating traditional healing methods alongside Western approaches can create a holistic healing environment that respects cultural beliefs while addressing mental health issues effectively. In one remote community in Northern Territory Australia, traditional healers work alongside mental health professionals in collaborative programs designed specifically for youth struggling with anxiety related to social exclusion stemming from lateral violence incidents.{{f}} '''Education on Cultural Identity''' Programs aimed at reinforcing cultural pride can mitigate feelings of inferiority stemming from systemic oppression. Education initiatives should focus on teaching younger generations about their history and cultural heritage while promoting resilience against negative stereotypes.{{f}} Schools incorporating Aboriginal history into curricula have reported improved self-esteem among students who identify with those histories—demonstrating how education can serve as both empowerment and protection against lateral violence's damaging effects.{{f}} '''Conflict Resolution Training''' Providing training on conflict resolution rooted in traditional practices can empower community members with tools for addressing disputes without resorting to harmful behaviors associated with lateral violence.{{f}} A program developed by local Elders teaches negotiation skills based on traditional customs aimed at resolving conflicts peacefully—helping reduce instances where grievances escalate into public altercations fueled by frustration over historical injustices.{{f}} '''Support Networks''' Establishing peer support networks allows individuals affected by lateral violence to connect with others who understand their experiences fostering healing through shared narratives.{{f}} '''Cultural Revitalization''' Engaging communities in revitalizing language programs or traditional arts fosters pride in identity while mitigating feelings associated with marginalization.{{f}} Example: A local initiative focused on reviving traditional dance has brought together youth from various backgrounds fostering unity while instilling pride through cultural expression amidst ongoing challenges posed by colonial legacies.{{f}} '''Collaboration with Elders''' Involving respected Elders in discussions about healing strategies ensures that interventions are culturally appropriate while promoting intergenerational dialogue about trauma recovery. Elders often serve as custodians not just of knowledge but also wisdom regarding navigating modern challenges providing invaluable perspectives on healing strategies tailored specifically toward addressing contemporary issues like lateral violence effectively.{{f}} These approaches not only address the symptoms of lateral violence but also work toward healing the underlying issues that contribute to its prevalence within Indigenous communities.{{f}} == Conclusion == This chapter explored the concept of lateral violence among Indigenous Australians and its deep-rooted connections to the history of colonization and ongoing systemic oppression. We learned how the traumatic experiences of dispossession, forced assimilation, and cultural suppression have led to long-lasting psychological effects and complex emotional responses within Indigenous communities. The manifestations of lateral violence, such as bullying, gossip, social exclusion, and sometimes physical aggression, are not inherent to Indigenous cultures but rather responses to generations of trauma and powerlessness. Research from Clark et al. (2015) demonstrated how lateral violence impacts all domains of social and emotional well-being, including mind, emotions, body, family, community, culture, and spirituality. Particularly concerning is the finding that lateral violence contributes to increased rates of anxiety, depression, and in some cases, suicidal thoughts among Indigenous individuals. We've also seen how lateral violence can be passed down through generations, similar to intergenerational trauma. The disruption of traditional social structures and cultural practices continues to affect families and communities today, perpetuating cycles of lateral violence. While this chapter has focused primarily on the experiences of Indigenous Australians, it's important to note that lateral violence is a broader societal issue rooted in systemic oppression and is not exclusive to Indigenous communities. The labeling and discussion of lateral violence, while necessary for addressing the issue, must be approached carefully to avoid further stigmatization or misrepresentation of Indigenous peoples (Whyman et al., 2021). To summarize, lateral violence among Indigenous Australians is a complex issue with deep historical roots and ongoing systemic drivers. Its impacts are far-reaching, affecting individual well-being, community cohesion, and cultural continuity. ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Indigenous Australian transgenerational trauma and psychological well-being#See also|Indigenous Australian transgenerational trauma and psychological well-being]] (Book chapter, 2019) * [[wikipedia:Internalized_oppression|Internalized Oppression]] (Wikipedia) ==References== {{Hanging indent|1= Australian Human Rights Commission. (2011). Chapter 2: Lateral violence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Retrieved from https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/publications/chapter-2-lateral-violence-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-communities Clark, Y., & Augoustinos, M. (2015). What's in a name? Lateral violence within the Aboriginal community in Adelaide, South Australia. The Australian Community Psychologist, 27(2), 19-34. Clark, Y., Augoustinos, M., & Malin, M. (2016). Lateral violence within the Aboriginal community in Adelaide: "It affects our identity and wellbeing". Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing, 1(1), 43-52. Kalaski, A., Tyndall, M., & Clark, B. A. (2022). Indigenous Women's Experiences of Lateral Violence: A Systematic Literature Review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 23(5), 1577-1593. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211073840 Whyman, T., Adams, K., Carter, A., & Jobson, L. (2021). Lateral violence in Indigenous peoples. Australian Psychologist, 56(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2021.1893595 }} ==External links== * [https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/publications/chapter-2-lateral-violence-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-communities Lateral violence] (humanrights.gov.au) [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Indigenous/Australian]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Violence]] ohl0pfyj8f2xbdbnrl6d77wkr5he7xn 1 307304 2688863 2682780 2024-11-26T04:00:18Z Jtneill 10242 Book chapter feedback 2688863 wikitext text/x-wiki == Suggestions == Hi Oscar, Great topic and first scenario. Not sure why the image isn't displaying properly I had a quick look and everything seems ok. I inserted the same image I could see you tried to put in above your overview box. I really like the focus questions that you have but I think the 3rd and 4th are going to a similar point being; how do you create positive self talk and how can you maintain it to your benefit? You've gone straight for sports which is definitely what I would do. Perhaps it would be worth your while checking out other industries/ areas where there is high pressure in business, govt. or military? I've been in the high performance sport area getting on for 10 years now so if you wanted to chat I'd be happy to. Good luck. Ari --[[User:Ubaldo111|Ubaldo111]] ([[User talk:Ubaldo111|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ubaldo111|contribs]]) 07:31, 30 August 2024 (UTC) Hey!, I found a source that might be useful for chapter if you would like to use it. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2048 [[User:U3230258|U3230258]] ([[User talk:U3230258|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/U3230258|contribs]]) 22:05, 15 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # Under-developed, 1-level heading structure – develop further, perhaps using a 2-level structure for larger section(s) <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings <!-- Other ---> # Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with up to a similar number of sub-headings for large sections |3= <!-- Overview--> # Basic <!-- Scenario --> # Move the scenario or case study into a feature box (with an image) to the start of this section to help catch reader interest <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is provided <!-- Focus questions --> # Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section |4= <!-- Key points--> # Partial development of key points <!-- Citations --> # Basic use of citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples # It is unclear whether the best available psychological theory and research has been consulted in the preparation of this plan <!-- Other --> # Consider using the [https://unicanberra.instructure.com/courses/15707/external_tools/262?display=borderless Studiosity] service and/or a service like [https://www.grammarly.com/ Grammarly] to help improve the quality of written expression such as checking grammatical and spelling errors <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion (the most important section) hasn't been developed # What might the take-home, practical messages be? (What are the answer(s) to the question(s) in the sub-title and/or focus questions?) |5= <!-- Figure --> # One or more relevant figure(s) presented and captioned <!-- Caption --> # The figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text (e.g., how does the Michael Jordan image fit with "inner talk"?) <!-- Cite --> # Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1) |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # Add in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to relevant book chapters (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]) <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Promising use of one or more scenarios/examples/case studies <!-- Quiz --> # Promising use of quiz question(s) <!-- Tables --> # Excellent use of one or more tables <!-- Other --> # Consider including more examples/case studies, quiz question(s), table(s) etc. |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Excellent <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses <!-- Suggestions --> # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable) |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## One of two link types provided ### Also link to relevant Wikipedia pages ## Include source in brackets after link (e.g., (Wikipedia) or (Book chapter, year) for Wikiversity book chapters) <!-- External links --> # External links ## Good ## Use [[w:Letter case#Sentence casing|sentence casing]] ## Include source in brackets after link |9= <!-- User page --> # Good # Basic <!-- Description about self --> # Description about self provided <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Physiological needs#Social contributions|Tutorial 03]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter submission, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]]. }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 22:51, 2 September 2024 (UTC) == General feedback == Hey! Here are some suggestions for your chapter: The introduction with Michael Jordan’s “Flu Game” is a great hook. Clearly explain why inner dialogue is important and how it relates to high performance to help readers understand its significance. For the focus questions, ensure they are clear and directly related to the content. For example, ask, “What are the different types of inner talk, and how do they impact motivation and performance?” This will guide the reader through the chapter. [[User:U3219927|U3219927]] ([[User talk:U3219927|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/U3219927|contribs]]) 11:41, 6 October 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is a basic presentation <!-- Overall - Time --> # The presentation is over the maximum time limit. Content beyond 3 mins is ignored for marking and feedback purposes. |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening conveys the purpose of the presentation in a basic way <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # Create an engaging introduction to hook audience interest (e.g., through an example) <!-- Overview - Context --> # A basic context for the presentation is established <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Focus questions and/or an outline of topics are presented # Consider asking focus questions to help focus and discipline the presentation |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # An appropriate amount of content is presented — not too much or too little <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes basic use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes insufficient use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes insufficient use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes insufficient/no use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation provides useful/good/basic practical advice # The presentation could be improved by providing practical advice <!-- Content - Easy to understand --> # The presentation provides easy to understand information # Provide easy to understand information |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Slide --> # The conclusion provides a basic summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides very good take-home message(s) <!-- Conclusion - Time --> # The Conclusion only partly fitted within the time limit |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Audio communication is well-paced <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Very good [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration is well practiced and/or performed <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was basic # Review microphone set-up to achieve higher recording quality # Probably an on-board microphone was used (e.g., keyboard and/or mouse clicks were audible). Consider using an external microphone. <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is basic <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes basic use of text and image based slides <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # Some of the font size could be larger to make it easier to read <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented on one or more slides could be reduced to make it easier to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication is supplemented in basic way by relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is basically produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The correct title and sub-title (or an abbreviation to fit within the 100 character limit) are used in the name of the presentation — this helps to clearly convey the purpose of the presentation <!-- Meta-data - Description --> # A reasonably good written description of the presentation is provided. Consider expanding. <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # A link to the book chapter is not provided # A link from the book chapter is provided <!-- Meta-data - Kids --> # The presentation is incorrectly categorised as being for kids. This creates limitations, such as being unable to add the presentation to a playlist. [https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9528076 More info]. |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Images --> # Image sources and their copyright status are communicated # Provide clickable links to the image sources and license details (e.g., in the description) <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is in the description but not in the license field }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 06:58, 10 November 2024 (UTC) == Heading casing == {| style="float: center; background:transparent;" |- | [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]] | {{#if:|Hi [[User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:<br> <big><big>Self-determination theory</big></big> rather than <big><big>Self-Determination Theory</big></big> Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 04:00, 26 November 2024 (UTC) |} <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is a very good to excellent chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Very good use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FInner_talk_in_achieving_high_performance&diff=2688862&oldid=2676239 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Very good <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds on two previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Promising use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent review of relevant research <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Reasonably good [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent integration between theory and research |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Very good summary and conclusion # There is some excessive, over the word count key point material |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is very good <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use very good [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use reasonably good APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Include hyperlinked dois (fixed) ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Reasonably good use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Basic use of figure(s) # Basic use of table(s) # Basic use of feature box(es) # Excellent use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Very good use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # Use the quiz tool to improve plain text quiz questions and make them more interactive <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Insufficient use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Add more links <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Basic use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Add more links |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 04:00, 26 November 2024 (UTC) isp9iowfhcjinxjdfrw9dccbpuhbroz 0 307319 2688861 2682778 2024-11-26T03:58:26Z Jtneill 10242 Copyediting 2688861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Inner talk in achieving high performance:<br>How does inner dialogue influence motivation for high achievement?}} {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/vDUyCbCBmUQ}} __TOC__ == Overview == {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}} [[File:Jordan by Lipofsky 16577.jpg|thumb| ''Figure 1''. Michael Jordan's iconic "Flu Game".{{ic|Explain how this connects with the chapter topic}}]] ;Case study Few moments in sports history are as iconic as [[w:Michael Jordan|Michael Jordan]] "Flu Game" during the 1997 NBA Finals, where, despite severe illness, he used Intrapersonal communication to score 38 points, leading the Chicago Bulls to victory. As Jordan battled fever, fatigue, and dehydration, his inner dialogue became the driving force that transformed a moment of vulnerability into one of triumph. This extraordinary event prompts us to ask: What role does inner talk play in the pursuit of high achievement? How can the conversations we have with ourselves propel us to overcome challenges and reach new levels of performance? This chapter explores the intricate relationship between inner dialogue and motivation, examining how the thoughts we entertain and the words we silently speak to ourselves can shape our abilities, drive our actions, and ultimately determine our success in high-pressure situations. Just as Jordan's relentless self-talk fuelled his historic game, mastering inner dialogue can unlock the potential for peak performance in any aspect of life. {{RoundBoxBottom}} According to Van Raalte et al. (2016), '''intrapersonal communication''' (self-talk/inner talk) refers to an individual's internal dialogue used to guide themselves through events. It influences self-regulation, motivation, and focus, and can be applied in various contexts, including high-pressure environments such as sports, academics, and professional settings. The challenge lies in the effects of positive and negative self-talk on motivation and performance. Positive self-talk enhances performance, while negative self-talk can be detrimental (Latinjak et al., 2019; Tod et al., 2017). Understanding how different forms of self-talk affect motivation and performance is crucial for optimising cognitive strategies for high achievement. Different types of self-talk directly impact performance. For example, motivational self-talk, which involves encouraging self-statements, increases persistence and effort by boosting confidence. It is particularly effective in motivating individuals to overcome challenges, especially in high-pressure settings, by increasing self-efficacy (Theodorakis et al., 2000; Van Raalte et al., 2016). Positive self-talk also increases long-term motivation by regulating emotions and anxiety, building resilience (Hatzigeorgidis et al., 2011). In contrast, negative self-talk, such as "I am going to fail," leads to increased anxiety and decreased task engagement by fostering self-doubt and reducing motivation (Latinjak et al., 2019). Replacing negative self-talk with positive dialogue is essential for maintaining motivation and achieving high performance (Van Raalte et al., 2016). Psychological research emphasises self-talk as a tool for maintaining motivational focus, moderated by self-efficacy and self-regulation. Self-regulation, the ability to manage thoughts, emotions, and behaviours, allows individuals to remain focused on goals even in high-pressure contexts (Van Raalte et al., 2016). Self-efficacy, or one’s belief in their ability to succeed, is key to motivation. Increasing self-efficacy and using positive self-talk boosts persistence and effort towards a goal. Those who engage in affirming self-talk are more likely to achieve high-performance outcomes through sustained motivation under challenging circumstances (Hatzgeorgiadis et al., 2011; Latinjak et al., 2019). Cognitive behavioural strategies and mindfulness techniques help individuals shift their self-talk from negative to positive, enhancing motivation and emotional regulation. By identifying their self-talk type, individuals can adjust it to promote higher performance (Beckmann & Kellmann, 2017; Rashid & Seligman, 2018). This chapter explores key questions to understand the role of self-talk in motivation and performance in high-pressure environments. It examines types of self-talk, underlying psychological mechanisms, and strategies for fostering positive inner dialogue. '''Quiz''' Intrapersonal communication, or self-talk, is primarily used to: a) Communicate with others b) Guide oneself through events and regulate motivation and focus c) Create a distraction during stressful tasks d) Ignore emotions and decisions Positive self-talk generally enhances performance, while negative self-talk can harm motivation and performance. * True * False <small>Disclaimer: The answers to these questions are provided at the end of the page.</small> {{RoundBoxTop|theme=2}} == Focus Questions == * '''What are the different types of inner talk, and how do they impact an individual's motivation and performance?''' * '''What psychological mechanisms connect inner talk with motivation, and how do they influence an individual's performance?''' * '''How can individuals cultivate positive inner talk to initiate motivation for high achievement?''' * '''How does inner talk help individuals navigate obstacles and maintain motivation under high-pressure conditions?''' {{RoundBoxBottom}} == The Theories == Self-talk is crucial in motivating individuals to achieve high performance across many contexts, from professional environments to sports. Several seminal theories, including goal-setting theory, dual-process theory, self-regulation theory, and self-efficacy theory, provide a framework in which inner dialogue plays a crucial role in motivating high performance. ==== Goal-setting theory ==== Locke & Latham (2002) highlight self-talk as a motivational tool that helps individuals stay committed to clear, specific and challenging goals that result in higher performance. Further, they state that self-talk is a motivational tool that helps individuals persist in their goals when obstacles, fatigue or adversity arise. Latham and Locke (2019) highlight that a professional working on a long-term project uses goal setting to break down goals into manageable steps; further, the professional uses positive self-talk to complete the smaller goals and reinforce their completion to maintain motivation under pressure. [[File:American Express logo (2018).svg|thumb|303x303px]] One form of self-talk highlighted by Locke and Latham (2019) is goal-directed self-talk. This self-talk reminds individuals of their commitment to a goal, achievement and performance. Top corporate executives like Ken Chenault, the CEO of American Express, use goal-directed self-talk to remain focused during long-term strategies. For example, during the 2008 financial crisis, Chenault employed positive and motivational self-talk to maintain his self-efficacy and lead the company through turmoil. Chenault stated that "the role of a leader is to define reality and give hope" (General Catalyst, 2020); further, Chenault used self-talk to reinforce his ability to stay focussed on long-term strategies, manage his emotions and maintain confidence in himself under a high-pressure situation, to which he ultimately persevered. ==== Dual-process Theory ==== Kahneman’s (2011) dual-process theory explains that humans think in two ways: system one (automatic, fast, prone to errors) and system two (deliberate, accurate). Self-talk helps transition from instinctual, emotional responses (system one) to goal-oriented thinking (system two), particularly in high-pressure environments. For example, Tom Brady’s self-talk during the 2017 Super Bowl comeback helped him stay focused and execute plays with precision, leading to victory (Boston Magazine, 2017) [[File:Daniel Khaneman and his international best seller; Thinking, Fast & Slow.png|thumb|420x420px|'''Daniel Khaneman{{sp}} and his international best seller; Thinking, Fast & Slow''']] Croskerry (2009) states that Emergency Room (ER) workers must often balance intuitive and automatic thinking with reflective and deliberate thinking. System One thinking allows staff to quickly assess routine cases, while System 2 becomes crucial in complex situations to make safe decisions and avoid errors. Physicians can use self-talk to engage different ways of thinking and respond to each stimulus accordingly. For example, physicians may utilise dialogue to slow their thinking and question any assumptions before reacting to a case presented in the ER. The transition between an instinctual response, facilitated by self-talk, is essential to delivering optimal patient outcomes (Croskerry, 2009). ==== Self-regulation Theory ==== Zimmerman (2000) suggests that self-talk allows individuals to control their behaviour, emotions, and thoughts to pursue personal goals. Self-talk allows individuals to stay focused, manage stress, and overcome adversity that could hinder their performance. It is an efficacious tool of self-regulation, allowing individuals to sustain motivation by reinforcing goal-directed behaviour and emotional control (De La Fuente et al., 2020). Self-regulating self-talk can be divided into two categories: instructional self-talk, which helps individuals maintain focus on technical aspects of a task, pay attention to detail, and improve execution; and motivational self-talk, which encourages persistence and maintained effort reinforced by self-efficacy and determination (Zimmerman, 2000). For example, surgeons performing complex operations under immense amounts of pressure often use instructional self-talk to remind themselves to stay on task or follow a system effectively while maintaining emotional control and concentration (Zimmerman & Schunk, 2012). Similarly, air traffic controllers managing crises must exercise great emotional regulation to focus on critical procedures. Further, they can manage their emotions through instructional self-talk, helping them maintain decision-making capabilities under pressure. In contrast, athletes can use motivational self-talk to push through fatigue and maintain effort during high-pressure events or physically demanding efforts (Hatzigeordiafis et al., 2011). ==== Self-Efficacy Theory ==== Bandura (1977) explains that self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to succeed in a task. High self-efficacy individuals persevere through challenges. Positive self-talk, linked to high self-efficacy, counters negative thoughts and reinforces confidence, boosting motivation and performance (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2020). [[File:Simone Biles, na prova final da trave nos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016.jpg|thumb|362x362px|Simone Biles]] Simone Biles is one of the greatest gymnasts of all time and often speaks of how she uses self-talk to manage her mental state during competition. She reinforces her belief in her abilities ahead of major events by using affirmations like "you've done this before, you can do this again." The positive inner dialogue enhances her self-efficacy, helping her perform under high-pressure situations, like the Tokyo Olympics (Daza, 2021). '''Quiz''' Multiple Choice: Which theory highlights using self-talk to stay committed to clear, specific, and challenging goals? a) Dual-Process Theory b) Goal-Setting Theory c) Self-Regulation Theory d) Self-Efficacy Theory Drop-Down: According to Kahneman's Dual-Process Theory, which type of thinking is deliberate and more accurate? * System 1 * System 2<br /> <small>The answers to these questions are provided at the end of the page.</small> == Self-Talk Research == Self-talk is a mental strategy that helps individuals regulate their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, enabling them to stay motivated and perform well under pressure (Van Raalte et al., 2016). Studies indicate that the impact of self-talk on motivation varies, depending on both the type of self-talk and how it is applied (Latinjak et al., 2019). Maintaining motivation in high-pressure situations is key to excelling in different areas, though much of the research has primarily focused on sports performance. This highlights the need for further studies in non-sporting contexts, such as education and professional settings (Beckmann & Kellmann, 2017). '''Table 1.''' The main types of self talk identified in the research {| class="wikitable" !'''Type of Self-Talk''' !'''Definition''' !'''Examples''' |- |'''Positive Self-Talk''' |Encouraging and affirming statements that focus on strengths and potential. |"I can handle this challenge," "I’ve prepared well," "I am capable." |- |'''Negative Self-Talk''' |Critical, self-defeating, or pessimistic thoughts that focus on weaknesses or failures. |"I’m not good enough," "I always mess things up," "This is too hard for me." |- |'''Instructional Self-Talk''' |Self-directed speech that provides specific instructions or cues to guide behavior. |"Keep your eye on the ball," "Breathe deeply and stay calm," "Focus on your form." |- |'''Motivational Self-Talk''' |Statements aimed at increasing energy, effort, and persistence toward a goal. |"Keep pushing, you’re almost there," "You’ve got this," "Stay strong and finish." |- |'''Neutral Self-Talk''' |Objective, fact-based internal dialogue that lacks emotional content. |"The meeting is at 3 PM," "I missed that shot," "I need to submit the report by Friday." |- |'''Self-Reflective Self-Talk''' |Thoughtful, introspective dialogue that involves evaluating past experiences or contemplating future actions. |"What can I learn from this experience?" "How can I improve next time?" "What are my goals for the future?" |} === Types of Self Talk === Refer to the figures in the [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Inner talk in achieving high performance#Figures|Figures section]] for a table of self-talk types. ==== Positive self-talk ==== Through reinforcing self-efficacy and helping to regulate emotion, positive self-talk has consistently been shown to enhance performance and motivation (Beckmann & Kellman, 2017; Hatzigeorgiadis et al., 2011). For example, Beckmann and Kellman (2017) conducted an experiment that divided 62 athletes into a self-talk intervention that received training on self-talk strategies and a control group that did not. The athletes were given a "high-pressure task", usually endurance-based and in their specific sport. Moreover, the results indicated that the self-talk group showed a 15% performance under pressure; for example, timed athletes saw faster completion times. ==== Negative self-talk ==== In contrast, negative self-talk has been shown to have detrimental effects on motivation and performance. In a sporting-based study using 80 competitive athletes, Latinjak et al. (2019) explored the relationship between negative self-talk and athletic performance. Researchers established athletes' base level of self-talk (negative or positive) and, during the study, found that athletes who reported higher levels of negative self-talk exhibited up to a 20% decrease in performance compared to those with neutral or positive self-talk. Latinjak et al. (2019) reported that negative self-talk interrupts cognitive processing and undermines an individual's ability to engage in strategic thinking processes, leading to decreased performance. ==== Motivational Self Talk ==== Theodroakis et al. (2000) state that motivational self-talk consists of statements that increase effort and persistence, particularly during challenging tasks. Examples of motivational self-talk are phrases such as "I can do this". A study of 72 physical education students assessing the effect of motivational self-talk on their endurance-based motor skills found that the self-talk group performed 13% better than the control group, showing that this type of talk can increase performance and resilience to perseverance and performance through challenges. ==== Instructional Self Talk ==== Instructional self-talk involves task-specific instructions that help individuals maintain focus and engagement on the technical aspects of their task. Zimmerman & Schunk (2012) found that students who use instructional self-talk during complex problem-solving tasks improve their accuracy by up to 17% compared to those who don't engage in self-talk. Instructional self-talk involves guiding phrases like "First, I need to multiply" that reaffirm focus and engagement with the task while also helping the individual through it. ==== Neutral Selk Talk ==== According to Van Raalte et al. (2016), Neutral self-talk refers to the fact-based and objective internal dialogue that neither negatively nor positively impacts emotions. Further, they state that neutral self-talk, involving neutral statements like "today was not my day" or "next step is to reattempt", enables individuals to approach decision-making with a balanced and more objective approach, potentially decreasing the influence emotion can have on decision making. ==== Self Reflective Self-talk ==== In his seminal literature, Bandura (2019) states that self-reflective self-talk involves evaluating one's emotions, decisions and behaviour (Bandura, 2019). Further, he positions that individuals who can reflect on and learn from their experiences can become more self-aware and more capable of making informed decisions under pressure. This kind of self-talk encourages individuals to learn from their reflections on themselves and their experiences to critically assess their actions and refine strategies, which is essential for performing under pressure (Morin, 2011). By continuously engaging in reflective dialogue, individuals can adjust their behaviour and stay motivated through challenging events or periods (Bandura, 2019; Morin, 2011). ==== Evaluation of Self-Talk Research ==== Numerous studies highlight the benefits of different types of self-talk in sports. However, there needs to be more in understanding how it applies to other high-pressure contexts, like academia and professional environments. For example, Beckmann and Kellmann (2017) found that positive self-talk enhances resilience in athletes. However, these results do not necessarily translate into different performative contexts as people naturally utilise different types of self-talk for different tasks or events. The most critical aspect of the current research is its focus on physical performance under pressure and not cognitive. ==== Implications of Self-Talk Research ==== In its different forms, self-talk is multifaceted in enhancing motivation and performance across many contexts, if used appropriately. Positive and instructional self-talk has been shown to boost performance by reinforcing self-efficacy and also increasing focus as well as engagement while providing task-specific guidance (Beckmann & Kellmann, 2017; Hatzigeorgiadis et al., 2011; Zimmerman & Schunk, 2012), while negative self-talk can undermine motivation and cognitive processes required to perform under high pressure (Latinjak el al., 2019). Further, neutral and self-reflective self-talk offer unique benefits, particularly in environments where strategic reflection and emotional regulation are required to maintain motivation and performance (Morin, 2011; Van Raalte et al., 2016). The research highlights the positive utility of further research and using self-talk to increase motivation and achieve high performance. However, the lack of contextual diversity in the research makes it challenging to understand which types of self-talk should be utilised in which situations. '''Quiz''' Multiple Choice: According to research, negative self-talk tends to: a) Increase performance under pressure b) Diminish self-efficacy and hinder task engagement c) Have no impact on performance d) Improve cognitive flexibility Yes/No: Is most research on self-talk currently focused on sports performance rather than other high-pressure contexts like professional or academic settings? * Yes * No <small>The answers to these questions are provided at the end of the page.</small> == Integration of Theory and Research == {{expand}} === Developing and Enhancing Positive Self-Talk === {{expand}} ==== Cognitive Restructuring ==== Cognitive restructuring is a tool used in self-regulation theory in which individuals are asked to identify negative or unhelpful self-talk and beliefs and consciously replace them with affirming thoughts and statements (Zimmerman & Schunk, 2012). Beckmann & Kellmann (2017) demonstrated the influence of self-talk in their athlete study. Participants who received cognitive restructuring training showed increased resilience and motivation during high-pressure endurance tasks. In day-to-day life, this might mean replacing negative thought patterns about a high stakes presentation with more positive ones, as well as questi0oning the validity of the thought; for example, "I am going to fail" might be replaced with "I have faced challenges before, and I can handle this too", after inquiring about the evidence for the thought. The utility of cognitive restructuring is well demonstrated and documented in high-performance contexts for managing stress, maintaining focus and increasing self-efficacy (Turner et al., 2016). However, more research should be done to assess its influence in another context, such as professional environments, where cognitive demands and emotional stressors differ from those in an athletic setting. ==== Self-Coaching ==== Self-Coaching is rooted in self-efficacy theory and involves setting specific, achievable goals and using positive self-talk to reinforce one's belief in their ability to achieve them (Bandura, 1997). By setting goals and using affirming statements pertaining to the goals, self-coaching is highly effective in performance contexts; for example, Birrer and Morgan (2010) found that athletes instructed to set specific and actional goals prior to performance saw improved competitive performance. For individuals looking to apply this to other performative contexts, like a deadline in a professional environment, it may involve setting small and manageable goals while using affirming statements to reward the completion of these smaller goals. By doing this, one can progress, maintain motivation throughout a task, and increase self-efficacy throughout the task. The self-efficacy theory supports the effectiveness of self-coaching; however, it suggests that regular reinforcement must be used to maintain motivation, especially when immediate success is not as acquirable (Birrer & Morgan, 2010). ==== Mastery Experiences ==== A vital aspect of the self-efficacy theory is Mastery Experiences, in which individuals can build confidence by completing tasks (Bandura, 1986). Luthans et al. (2016) found that those in organisational and athletic settings that reflect on past successes enhanced self-efficacy and motivation. Further, individuals improved their confidence and resilience when facing future challenges. For example, after the successful completion of a project or event, individuals should affirm themselves of their success and reflect on their performance while highlighting any strengths in their performance. Research on this theory shows that it has promising utility. However, it stresses an overreliance on success and lacks an emphasis on resilience, which could make it harder to cope with failure (Bandura, 1986; Luthans et al., 2016). ==== Visualisation and Mental Rehearsal ==== Dual process theory and self-efficacy theory both emphasise visualisation and mental rehearsal as cognitive tools that are beneficial for helping individuals with performance and motivation when paired with positive self-talk (Bandura, 1997; Kahneman, 2011). Visualisation is the cognitive process in which individuals mentally rehearse a task prior to doing it, while mental rehearsal includes not only visualising the task but going through both the cognitive and motor patterns associated with the event (Feltz & Landers, 1983; Guillet & Collet, 2010). Theodorakis et al. (2000) found athletes who practised visualisation before an event experienced a greater sense of control and readiness, leading to better performance. In an applied sense, if an individual has a challenging work presentation, they could envision themselves speaking confidently, engaging with the audience and receiving positive feedback. === Maintaining Positive Self-Talk === Positive self-talk supports self-regulation and improves performance (Burnette et al., 2013). Self-reflective self-talk, grounded in self-efficacy and self-regulation theories, helps individuals adjust their thinking patterns. Journaling promotes self-awareness by allowing individuals to replace negative thoughts with more empowering ones (Morin, 2011). === Overcoming Low Motivation, Stress and Challenges === Maintaining self-talk is vital; however, overcoming low motivation, stress or facing challenges relating to high performance requires additional strategies. In the social cognitive theory, Bandura (1986) highlights the role of external factors, like social feedback and support, in enabling self-belief. In support of this, Hatzigeorgiadis et al. (2011) showed that athletes who utilised motivational self-talk in conjunction with constructive feedback improved their performance and motivation. This emphasises the value of productive feedback and social elements in motivation and performance to bolster positive self-talk. For managing stress, Khaneman (2011) explains that instructional self-talk helps individuals shift from emotionally driven thoughts (system one) to deliberate thoughts (system two). Moreover, Zimmerman and Schunk (2012) found that by breaking larger tasks into smaller goals (steps) and using instructional self-talk to guide individuals through the tasks, the participants experienced increased resilience and focus under pressure. '''Quiz''' Multiple Choice: Which strategy involves identifying negative thoughts and consciously replacing them with positive, affirming statements? a) Self-coaching b) Cognitive restructuring c) Goal-directed self-talk d) Visualisation Which of the following strategies is an example of cognitive restructuring as used in self-regulation theory? a) Reflecting on past successes to build confidence. b) Mentally rehearsing a task before performing it. c) Replacing the thought "I am going to fail" with "I have faced challenges before and can handle this too." d) Setting small, manageable goals and using affirming statements after completing each goal. <small>Disclaimer: The answers to these questions are provided at the end of the page.</small> == Conclusion == Self-talk (or intrapersonal communication) profoundly impacts self-regulation, motivation, and performance, and it also plays a crucial role in guiding individuals through demanding events (Van Raalte et al., 2016). Research has consistently shown that negative self-talk diminishes focus and motivation, while positive self-talk can increase self-efficacy and emotional regulation (Latinjak et al., 2019; Tod et al., 2017). Different types of self-talk provide contextual benefits, particularly in high-pressure settings; for example, instructional self-talk helps individuals systematically work through a process, while motivational self-talk helps individuals increase their resilience during a performance (Theodorakis et al., 2000; Hatzigeorgiadis., 2011). Self-talk is supported by many theories, like goal-setting theory, self-regulation theory, self-efficacy theory and dual process theory, as deliberate intrapersonal communication can improve performance. andmtovation by incresing confidence and focus (bandura, 2017; Kahneman, 2011; Locke & Latham, 2002; Zimmerman, 2000). However, a large part of the research has focussed on high performance in athletes, so further research is required to extend self-talk practices to other high-pressure contexts (Beckmann & Kellmann, 2017). Understanding, improving and maintaining positive self-talk through well-documented strategies like cognitive restructuring and self-coaching can help individuals overcome challenges, stay motivated and achieve high performance in various settings (Beckmann & Kellmann, 2017; Turner et al., 2016). '''Quiz''' What is a crucial takeaway regarding the role of self-talk in high-pressure environments? a) It only works in athletic contexts b) Positive self-talk helps regulate emotions and enhances performance c) Negative self-talk has no effect d) Self-talk is only helpful for short-term tasks Theories such as Goal-Setting Theory, Self-Regulation Theory, and Self-Efficacy Theory all support the positive impact of self-talk on motivation and performance. * True * False <small>The answers to these questions are provided at the end of the page.</small> == Quiz Answers == Overview: # b) # True Theories: # b) # System 2 Self-Talk Research: # b) # Yes Integration of Theory and Research: # b) # (5) Conclusions: # b) # True ==See also== * [[Positive thinking]] * [[w:Self determination theory|Self determination theory]] == References == {{Hanging indent|1= Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Elsevier. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Psycnet.apa.org. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-08589-000 Bandura, A. (2019). Applying theory for human betterment. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(1), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691618815165 Birrer, D., & Morgan, G. (2010). Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete’s performance in high-intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(s2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01188.x Burnette, J. L., O’Boyle, E. H., VanEpps, E. M., Pollack, J. M., & Finkel, E. J. (2013). Mind-sets matter: A meta-analytic review of implicit theories and self-regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 139(3), 655–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029531 ChatGPT. (2024, October 21). Table content [Table generated by ChatGPT]. OpenAI. Clauss, K. S. (2017, February 13). In a secret Montana cabin, Tom Brady says he feels no pain. Boston Magazine. https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2017/02/13/tom-brady-super-bowl-comeback/ Croskerry, P. (2009). A universal model of diagnostic reasoning. Academic Medicine, 84(8), 1022–1028. Daza, P. (2021). Simone Biles: World class gymnast and mental health advocate. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mind-matters-menninger/202107/simone-biles-world-class-gymnast-and-mental-health-advocate de la Fuente, J., Amate, J., González-Torres, M. C., Artuch, R., García-Torrecillas, J. M., & Fadda, S. (2020). Effects of levels of self-regulation and regulatory teaching on strategies for coping with academic stress in undergraduate students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00022 Feltz, D. L., & Landers, D. M. (1983). The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5(1), 25–57. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.5.1.25 Guillot, A., Tolleron, C., & Collet, C. (2010). Does motor imagery enhance stretching and flexibility? Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(3), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903473828 Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Galanis, E., & Theodorakis, Y. (2011). Self-talk and sports performance. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(4), 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611413136 Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Kellmann, M., & Beckmann, J. (2017). Sport, Recovery, and Performance. Taylor & Francis Group. Latinjak, A. T., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2020). Self-talk in sport. Applied Network Science, 4(40). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429460623 Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705 Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2019). The development of goal setting theory: A half-century retrospective. Motivation Science, 5(2), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000127 Luthans, K. W., Luthans, B. C., & Palmer, N. F. (2016). A positive approach to management education. Journal of Management Development, 35(9), 1098–1118. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-06-2015-0091 Morin, A. (2004). A neurocognitive and socioecological model of self-awareness. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 130(3), 197–224. https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.130.3.197-224 Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Self-efficacy and human motivation. Advances in Motivation Science, 8(1), 153–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adms.2020.10.001 Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. (2011). Handbook of Self-Regulation of Learning and Performance. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203839010 Tayyab Rashid, & Seligman, M. E. P. (2018). Positive Psychotherapy: Clinician manual. Oxford University Press. Theodorakis, Y., Weinberg, R., Natsis, P., Douma, I., & Kazakas, P. (2000). The effects of motivational versus instructional self-talk on improving motor performance. The Sport Psychologist, 14(3), 254. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.14.3.253 Tod, D., Hardy, J., & Oliver, E. (2011). Effects of self-talk: A systematic review. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(5), 666–687. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.5.666 Turner, J. A., Anderson, M. L., Balderson, B. H., Cook, A. J., Sherman, K. J., & Cherkin, D. C. (2016). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic low back pain. PAIN, 157(11), 2434–2444. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000635 Van Raalte, J. L., Vincent, A., & Brewer, B. W. (2016). Self-talk: Review and sport-specific model. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.08.004 Zimmerman, B. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective (pp. 13–39). Academic Press. }} === External links === * [https://www.mindtools.com/asf90pz/positive-thinking Mind Tools - Positive Thinking] * [https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/click-here-happiness/202106/the-power-self-talk Psychology Today - The Power of Self-Talk] [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Achievement]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Self]] fbpaq5flsoetjyghar9paolz56dwxbk 2688862 2688861 2024-11-26T03:59:05Z Jtneill 10242 2688862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Inner talk in achieving high performance:<br>How does inner dialogue influence motivation for high achievement?}} {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/vDUyCbCBmUQ}} __TOC__ == Overview == {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}} [[File:Jordan by Lipofsky 16577.jpg|thumb| ''Figure 1''. Michael Jordan's iconic "Flu Game".{{ic|Explain how this connects with the chapter topic}}]] ;Case study Few moments in sports history are as iconic as [[w:Michael Jordan|Michael Jordan]] "Flu Game" during the 1997 NBA Finals, where, despite severe illness, he used Intrapersonal communication to score 38 points, leading the Chicago Bulls to victory. As Jordan battled fever, fatigue, and dehydration, his inner dialogue became the driving force that transformed a moment of vulnerability into one of triumph. This extraordinary event prompts us to ask: What role does inner talk play in the pursuit of high achievement? How can the conversations we have with ourselves propel us to overcome challenges and reach new levels of performance? This chapter explores the intricate relationship between inner dialogue and motivation, examining how the thoughts we entertain and the words we silently speak to ourselves can shape our abilities, drive our actions, and ultimately determine our success in high-pressure situations. Just as Jordan's relentless self-talk fuelled his historic game, mastering inner dialogue can unlock the potential for peak performance in any aspect of life. {{RoundBoxBottom}} According to Van Raalte et al. (2016), '''intrapersonal communication''' (self-talk/inner talk) refers to an individual's internal dialogue used to guide themselves through events. It influences self-regulation, motivation, and focus, and can be applied in various contexts, including high-pressure environments such as sports, academics, and professional settings. The challenge lies in the effects of positive and negative self-talk on motivation and performance. Positive self-talk enhances performance, while negative self-talk can be detrimental (Latinjak et al., 2019; Tod et al., 2017). Understanding how different forms of self-talk affect motivation and performance is crucial for optimising cognitive strategies for high achievement. Different types of self-talk directly impact performance. For example, motivational self-talk, which involves encouraging self-statements, increases persistence and effort by boosting confidence. It is particularly effective in motivating individuals to overcome challenges, especially in high-pressure settings, by increasing self-efficacy (Theodorakis et al., 2000; Van Raalte et al., 2016). Positive self-talk also increases long-term motivation by regulating emotions and anxiety, building resilience (Hatzigeorgidis et al., 2011). In contrast, negative self-talk, such as "I am going to fail," leads to increased anxiety and decreased task engagement by fostering self-doubt and reducing motivation (Latinjak et al., 2019). Replacing negative self-talk with positive dialogue is essential for maintaining motivation and achieving high performance (Van Raalte et al., 2016). Psychological research emphasises self-talk as a tool for maintaining motivational focus, moderated by self-efficacy and self-regulation. Self-regulation, the ability to manage thoughts, emotions, and behaviours, allows individuals to remain focused on goals even in high-pressure contexts (Van Raalte et al., 2016). Self-efficacy, or one’s belief in their ability to succeed, is key to motivation. Increasing self-efficacy and using positive self-talk boosts persistence and effort towards a goal. Those who engage in affirming self-talk are more likely to achieve high-performance outcomes through sustained motivation under challenging circumstances (Hatzgeorgiadis et al., 2011; Latinjak et al., 2019). Cognitive behavioural strategies and mindfulness techniques help individuals shift their self-talk from negative to positive, enhancing motivation and emotional regulation. By identifying their self-talk type, individuals can adjust it to promote higher performance (Beckmann & Kellmann, 2017; Rashid & Seligman, 2018). This chapter explores key questions to understand the role of self-talk in motivation and performance in high-pressure environments. It examines types of self-talk, underlying psychological mechanisms, and strategies for fostering positive inner dialogue. '''Quiz''' Intrapersonal communication, or self-talk, is primarily used to: a) Communicate with others b) Guide oneself through events and regulate motivation and focus c) Create a distraction during stressful tasks d) Ignore emotions and decisions Positive self-talk generally enhances performance, while negative self-talk can harm motivation and performance. * True * False <small>Disclaimer: The answers to these questions are provided at the end of the page.</small> {{RoundBoxTop|theme=2}} ;Focus questions * '''What are the different types of inner talk, and how do they impact an individual's motivation and performance?''' * '''What psychological mechanisms connect inner talk with motivation, and how do they influence an individual's performance?''' * '''How can individuals cultivate positive inner talk to initiate motivation for high achievement?''' * '''How does inner talk help individuals navigate obstacles and maintain motivation under high-pressure conditions?''' {{RoundBoxBottom}} == The Theories == Self-talk is crucial in motivating individuals to achieve high performance across many contexts, from professional environments to sports. Several seminal theories, including goal-setting theory, dual-process theory, self-regulation theory, and self-efficacy theory, provide a framework in which inner dialogue plays a crucial role in motivating high performance. ==== Goal-setting theory ==== Locke & Latham (2002) highlight self-talk as a motivational tool that helps individuals stay committed to clear, specific and challenging goals that result in higher performance. Further, they state that self-talk is a motivational tool that helps individuals persist in their goals when obstacles, fatigue or adversity arise. Latham and Locke (2019) highlight that a professional working on a long-term project uses goal setting to break down goals into manageable steps; further, the professional uses positive self-talk to complete the smaller goals and reinforce their completion to maintain motivation under pressure. [[File:American Express logo (2018).svg|thumb|303x303px]] One form of self-talk highlighted by Locke and Latham (2019) is goal-directed self-talk. This self-talk reminds individuals of their commitment to a goal, achievement and performance. Top corporate executives like Ken Chenault, the CEO of American Express, use goal-directed self-talk to remain focused during long-term strategies. For example, during the 2008 financial crisis, Chenault employed positive and motivational self-talk to maintain his self-efficacy and lead the company through turmoil. Chenault stated that "the role of a leader is to define reality and give hope" (General Catalyst, 2020); further, Chenault used self-talk to reinforce his ability to stay focussed on long-term strategies, manage his emotions and maintain confidence in himself under a high-pressure situation, to which he ultimately persevered. ==== Dual-process Theory ==== Kahneman’s (2011) dual-process theory explains that humans think in two ways: system one (automatic, fast, prone to errors) and system two (deliberate, accurate). Self-talk helps transition from instinctual, emotional responses (system one) to goal-oriented thinking (system two), particularly in high-pressure environments. For example, Tom Brady’s self-talk during the 2017 Super Bowl comeback helped him stay focused and execute plays with precision, leading to victory (Boston Magazine, 2017) [[File:Daniel Khaneman and his international best seller; Thinking, Fast & Slow.png|thumb|420x420px|'''Daniel Khaneman{{sp}} and his international best seller; Thinking, Fast & Slow''']] Croskerry (2009) states that Emergency Room (ER) workers must often balance intuitive and automatic thinking with reflective and deliberate thinking. System One thinking allows staff to quickly assess routine cases, while System 2 becomes crucial in complex situations to make safe decisions and avoid errors. Physicians can use self-talk to engage different ways of thinking and respond to each stimulus accordingly. For example, physicians may utilise dialogue to slow their thinking and question any assumptions before reacting to a case presented in the ER. The transition between an instinctual response, facilitated by self-talk, is essential to delivering optimal patient outcomes (Croskerry, 2009). ==== Self-regulation Theory ==== Zimmerman (2000) suggests that self-talk allows individuals to control their behaviour, emotions, and thoughts to pursue personal goals. Self-talk allows individuals to stay focused, manage stress, and overcome adversity that could hinder their performance. It is an efficacious tool of self-regulation, allowing individuals to sustain motivation by reinforcing goal-directed behaviour and emotional control (De La Fuente et al., 2020). Self-regulating self-talk can be divided into two categories: instructional self-talk, which helps individuals maintain focus on technical aspects of a task, pay attention to detail, and improve execution; and motivational self-talk, which encourages persistence and maintained effort reinforced by self-efficacy and determination (Zimmerman, 2000). For example, surgeons performing complex operations under immense amounts of pressure often use instructional self-talk to remind themselves to stay on task or follow a system effectively while maintaining emotional control and concentration (Zimmerman & Schunk, 2012). Similarly, air traffic controllers managing crises must exercise great emotional regulation to focus on critical procedures. Further, they can manage their emotions through instructional self-talk, helping them maintain decision-making capabilities under pressure. In contrast, athletes can use motivational self-talk to push through fatigue and maintain effort during high-pressure events or physically demanding efforts (Hatzigeordiafis et al., 2011). ==== Self-Efficacy Theory ==== Bandura (1977) explains that self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to succeed in a task. High self-efficacy individuals persevere through challenges. Positive self-talk, linked to high self-efficacy, counters negative thoughts and reinforces confidence, boosting motivation and performance (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2020). [[File:Simone Biles, na prova final da trave nos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016.jpg|thumb|362x362px|Simone Biles]] Simone Biles is one of the greatest gymnasts of all time and often speaks of how she uses self-talk to manage her mental state during competition. She reinforces her belief in her abilities ahead of major events by using affirmations like "you've done this before, you can do this again." The positive inner dialogue enhances her self-efficacy, helping her perform under high-pressure situations, like the Tokyo Olympics (Daza, 2021). '''Quiz''' Multiple Choice: Which theory highlights using self-talk to stay committed to clear, specific, and challenging goals? a) Dual-Process Theory b) Goal-Setting Theory c) Self-Regulation Theory d) Self-Efficacy Theory Drop-Down: According to Kahneman's Dual-Process Theory, which type of thinking is deliberate and more accurate? * System 1 * System 2<br /> <small>The answers to these questions are provided at the end of the page.</small> == Self-Talk Research == Self-talk is a mental strategy that helps individuals regulate their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, enabling them to stay motivated and perform well under pressure (Van Raalte et al., 2016). Studies indicate that the impact of self-talk on motivation varies, depending on both the type of self-talk and how it is applied (Latinjak et al., 2019). Maintaining motivation in high-pressure situations is key to excelling in different areas, though much of the research has primarily focused on sports performance. This highlights the need for further studies in non-sporting contexts, such as education and professional settings (Beckmann & Kellmann, 2017). '''Table 1.''' The main types of self talk identified in the research {| class="wikitable" !'''Type of Self-Talk''' !'''Definition''' !'''Examples''' |- |'''Positive Self-Talk''' |Encouraging and affirming statements that focus on strengths and potential. |"I can handle this challenge," "I’ve prepared well," "I am capable." |- |'''Negative Self-Talk''' |Critical, self-defeating, or pessimistic thoughts that focus on weaknesses or failures. |"I’m not good enough," "I always mess things up," "This is too hard for me." |- |'''Instructional Self-Talk''' |Self-directed speech that provides specific instructions or cues to guide behavior. |"Keep your eye on the ball," "Breathe deeply and stay calm," "Focus on your form." |- |'''Motivational Self-Talk''' |Statements aimed at increasing energy, effort, and persistence toward a goal. |"Keep pushing, you’re almost there," "You’ve got this," "Stay strong and finish." |- |'''Neutral Self-Talk''' |Objective, fact-based internal dialogue that lacks emotional content. |"The meeting is at 3 PM," "I missed that shot," "I need to submit the report by Friday." |- |'''Self-Reflective Self-Talk''' |Thoughtful, introspective dialogue that involves evaluating past experiences or contemplating future actions. |"What can I learn from this experience?" "How can I improve next time?" "What are my goals for the future?" |} === Types of Self Talk === Refer to the figures in the [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2024/Inner talk in achieving high performance#Figures|Figures section]] for a table of self-talk types. ==== Positive self-talk ==== Through reinforcing self-efficacy and helping to regulate emotion, positive self-talk has consistently been shown to enhance performance and motivation (Beckmann & Kellman, 2017; Hatzigeorgiadis et al., 2011). For example, Beckmann and Kellman (2017) conducted an experiment that divided 62 athletes into a self-talk intervention that received training on self-talk strategies and a control group that did not. The athletes were given a "high-pressure task", usually endurance-based and in their specific sport. Moreover, the results indicated that the self-talk group showed a 15% performance under pressure; for example, timed athletes saw faster completion times. ==== Negative self-talk ==== In contrast, negative self-talk has been shown to have detrimental effects on motivation and performance. In a sporting-based study using 80 competitive athletes, Latinjak et al. (2019) explored the relationship between negative self-talk and athletic performance. Researchers established athletes' base level of self-talk (negative or positive) and, during the study, found that athletes who reported higher levels of negative self-talk exhibited up to a 20% decrease in performance compared to those with neutral or positive self-talk. Latinjak et al. (2019) reported that negative self-talk interrupts cognitive processing and undermines an individual's ability to engage in strategic thinking processes, leading to decreased performance. ==== Motivational Self Talk ==== Theodroakis et al. (2000) state that motivational self-talk consists of statements that increase effort and persistence, particularly during challenging tasks. Examples of motivational self-talk are phrases such as "I can do this". A study of 72 physical education students assessing the effect of motivational self-talk on their endurance-based motor skills found that the self-talk group performed 13% better than the control group, showing that this type of talk can increase performance and resilience to perseverance and performance through challenges. ==== Instructional Self Talk ==== Instructional self-talk involves task-specific instructions that help individuals maintain focus and engagement on the technical aspects of their task. Zimmerman & Schunk (2012) found that students who use instructional self-talk during complex problem-solving tasks improve their accuracy by up to 17% compared to those who don't engage in self-talk. Instructional self-talk involves guiding phrases like "First, I need to multiply" that reaffirm focus and engagement with the task while also helping the individual through it. ==== Neutral Selk Talk ==== According to Van Raalte et al. (2016), Neutral self-talk refers to the fact-based and objective internal dialogue that neither negatively nor positively impacts emotions. Further, they state that neutral self-talk, involving neutral statements like "today was not my day" or "next step is to reattempt", enables individuals to approach decision-making with a balanced and more objective approach, potentially decreasing the influence emotion can have on decision making. ==== Self Reflective Self-talk ==== In his seminal literature, Bandura (2019) states that self-reflective self-talk involves evaluating one's emotions, decisions and behaviour (Bandura, 2019). Further, he positions that individuals who can reflect on and learn from their experiences can become more self-aware and more capable of making informed decisions under pressure. This kind of self-talk encourages individuals to learn from their reflections on themselves and their experiences to critically assess their actions and refine strategies, which is essential for performing under pressure (Morin, 2011). By continuously engaging in reflective dialogue, individuals can adjust their behaviour and stay motivated through challenging events or periods (Bandura, 2019; Morin, 2011). ==== Evaluation of Self-Talk Research ==== Numerous studies highlight the benefits of different types of self-talk in sports. However, there needs to be more in understanding how it applies to other high-pressure contexts, like academia and professional environments. For example, Beckmann and Kellmann (2017) found that positive self-talk enhances resilience in athletes. However, these results do not necessarily translate into different performative contexts as people naturally utilise different types of self-talk for different tasks or events. The most critical aspect of the current research is its focus on physical performance under pressure and not cognitive. ==== Implications of Self-Talk Research ==== In its different forms, self-talk is multifaceted in enhancing motivation and performance across many contexts, if used appropriately. Positive and instructional self-talk has been shown to boost performance by reinforcing self-efficacy and also increasing focus as well as engagement while providing task-specific guidance (Beckmann & Kellmann, 2017; Hatzigeorgiadis et al., 2011; Zimmerman & Schunk, 2012), while negative self-talk can undermine motivation and cognitive processes required to perform under high pressure (Latinjak el al., 2019). Further, neutral and self-reflective self-talk offer unique benefits, particularly in environments where strategic reflection and emotional regulation are required to maintain motivation and performance (Morin, 2011; Van Raalte et al., 2016). The research highlights the positive utility of further research and using self-talk to increase motivation and achieve high performance. However, the lack of contextual diversity in the research makes it challenging to understand which types of self-talk should be utilised in which situations. '''Quiz''' Multiple Choice: According to research, negative self-talk tends to: a) Increase performance under pressure b) Diminish self-efficacy and hinder task engagement c) Have no impact on performance d) Improve cognitive flexibility Yes/No: Is most research on self-talk currently focused on sports performance rather than other high-pressure contexts like professional or academic settings? * Yes * No <small>The answers to these questions are provided at the end of the page.</small> == Integration of Theory and Research == {{expand}} === Developing and Enhancing Positive Self-Talk === {{expand}} ==== Cognitive Restructuring ==== Cognitive restructuring is a tool used in self-regulation theory in which individuals are asked to identify negative or unhelpful self-talk and beliefs and consciously replace them with affirming thoughts and statements (Zimmerman & Schunk, 2012). Beckmann & Kellmann (2017) demonstrated the influence of self-talk in their athlete study. Participants who received cognitive restructuring training showed increased resilience and motivation during high-pressure endurance tasks. In day-to-day life, this might mean replacing negative thought patterns about a high stakes presentation with more positive ones, as well as questi0oning the validity of the thought; for example, "I am going to fail" might be replaced with "I have faced challenges before, and I can handle this too", after inquiring about the evidence for the thought. The utility of cognitive restructuring is well demonstrated and documented in high-performance contexts for managing stress, maintaining focus and increasing self-efficacy (Turner et al., 2016). However, more research should be done to assess its influence in another context, such as professional environments, where cognitive demands and emotional stressors differ from those in an athletic setting. ==== Self-Coaching ==== Self-Coaching is rooted in self-efficacy theory and involves setting specific, achievable goals and using positive self-talk to reinforce one's belief in their ability to achieve them (Bandura, 1997). By setting goals and using affirming statements pertaining to the goals, self-coaching is highly effective in performance contexts; for example, Birrer and Morgan (2010) found that athletes instructed to set specific and actional goals prior to performance saw improved competitive performance. For individuals looking to apply this to other performative contexts, like a deadline in a professional environment, it may involve setting small and manageable goals while using affirming statements to reward the completion of these smaller goals. By doing this, one can progress, maintain motivation throughout a task, and increase self-efficacy throughout the task. The self-efficacy theory supports the effectiveness of self-coaching; however, it suggests that regular reinforcement must be used to maintain motivation, especially when immediate success is not as acquirable (Birrer & Morgan, 2010). ==== Mastery Experiences ==== A vital aspect of the self-efficacy theory is Mastery Experiences, in which individuals can build confidence by completing tasks (Bandura, 1986). Luthans et al. (2016) found that those in organisational and athletic settings that reflect on past successes enhanced self-efficacy and motivation. Further, individuals improved their confidence and resilience when facing future challenges. For example, after the successful completion of a project or event, individuals should affirm themselves of their success and reflect on their performance while highlighting any strengths in their performance. Research on this theory shows that it has promising utility. However, it stresses an overreliance on success and lacks an emphasis on resilience, which could make it harder to cope with failure (Bandura, 1986; Luthans et al., 2016). ==== Visualisation and Mental Rehearsal ==== Dual process theory and self-efficacy theory both emphasise visualisation and mental rehearsal as cognitive tools that are beneficial for helping individuals with performance and motivation when paired with positive self-talk (Bandura, 1997; Kahneman, 2011). Visualisation is the cognitive process in which individuals mentally rehearse a task prior to doing it, while mental rehearsal includes not only visualising the task but going through both the cognitive and motor patterns associated with the event (Feltz & Landers, 1983; Guillet & Collet, 2010). Theodorakis et al. (2000) found athletes who practised visualisation before an event experienced a greater sense of control and readiness, leading to better performance. In an applied sense, if an individual has a challenging work presentation, they could envision themselves speaking confidently, engaging with the audience and receiving positive feedback. === Maintaining Positive Self-Talk === Positive self-talk supports self-regulation and improves performance (Burnette et al., 2013). Self-reflective self-talk, grounded in self-efficacy and self-regulation theories, helps individuals adjust their thinking patterns. Journaling promotes self-awareness by allowing individuals to replace negative thoughts with more empowering ones (Morin, 2011). === Overcoming Low Motivation, Stress and Challenges === Maintaining self-talk is vital; however, overcoming low motivation, stress or facing challenges relating to high performance requires additional strategies. In the social cognitive theory, Bandura (1986) highlights the role of external factors, like social feedback and support, in enabling self-belief. In support of this, Hatzigeorgiadis et al. (2011) showed that athletes who utilised motivational self-talk in conjunction with constructive feedback improved their performance and motivation. This emphasises the value of productive feedback and social elements in motivation and performance to bolster positive self-talk. For managing stress, Khaneman (2011) explains that instructional self-talk helps individuals shift from emotionally driven thoughts (system one) to deliberate thoughts (system two). Moreover, Zimmerman and Schunk (2012) found that by breaking larger tasks into smaller goals (steps) and using instructional self-talk to guide individuals through the tasks, the participants experienced increased resilience and focus under pressure. '''Quiz''' Multiple Choice: Which strategy involves identifying negative thoughts and consciously replacing them with positive, affirming statements? a) Self-coaching b) Cognitive restructuring c) Goal-directed self-talk d) Visualisation Which of the following strategies is an example of cognitive restructuring as used in self-regulation theory? a) Reflecting on past successes to build confidence. b) Mentally rehearsing a task before performing it. c) Replacing the thought "I am going to fail" with "I have faced challenges before and can handle this too." d) Setting small, manageable goals and using affirming statements after completing each goal. <small>Disclaimer: The answers to these questions are provided at the end of the page.</small> == Conclusion == Self-talk (or intrapersonal communication) profoundly impacts self-regulation, motivation, and performance, and it also plays a crucial role in guiding individuals through demanding events (Van Raalte et al., 2016). Research has consistently shown that negative self-talk diminishes focus and motivation, while positive self-talk can increase self-efficacy and emotional regulation (Latinjak et al., 2019; Tod et al., 2017). Different types of self-talk provide contextual benefits, particularly in high-pressure settings; for example, instructional self-talk helps individuals systematically work through a process, while motivational self-talk helps individuals increase their resilience during a performance (Theodorakis et al., 2000; Hatzigeorgiadis., 2011). Self-talk is supported by many theories, like goal-setting theory, self-regulation theory, self-efficacy theory and dual process theory, as deliberate intrapersonal communication can improve performance. andmtovation by incresing confidence and focus (bandura, 2017; Kahneman, 2011; Locke & Latham, 2002; Zimmerman, 2000). However, a large part of the research has focussed on high performance in athletes, so further research is required to extend self-talk practices to other high-pressure contexts (Beckmann & Kellmann, 2017). Understanding, improving and maintaining positive self-talk through well-documented strategies like cognitive restructuring and self-coaching can help individuals overcome challenges, stay motivated and achieve high performance in various settings (Beckmann & Kellmann, 2017; Turner et al., 2016). '''Quiz''' What is a crucial takeaway regarding the role of self-talk in high-pressure environments? a) It only works in athletic contexts b) Positive self-talk helps regulate emotions and enhances performance c) Negative self-talk has no effect d) Self-talk is only helpful for short-term tasks Theories such as Goal-Setting Theory, Self-Regulation Theory, and Self-Efficacy Theory all support the positive impact of self-talk on motivation and performance. * True * False <small>The answers to these questions are provided at the end of the page.</small> == Quiz Answers == Overview: # b) # True Theories: # b) # System 2 Self-Talk Research: # b) # Yes Integration of Theory and Research: # b) # (5) Conclusions: # b) # True ==See also== * [[Positive thinking]] * [[w:Self determination theory|Self determination theory]] == References == {{Hanging indent|1= Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Elsevier. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Psycnet.apa.org. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-08589-000 Bandura, A. (2019). Applying theory for human betterment. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(1), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691618815165 Birrer, D., & Morgan, G. (2010). Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete’s performance in high-intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(s2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01188.x Burnette, J. L., O’Boyle, E. H., VanEpps, E. M., Pollack, J. M., & Finkel, E. J. (2013). Mind-sets matter: A meta-analytic review of implicit theories and self-regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 139(3), 655–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029531 ChatGPT. (2024, October 21). Table content [Table generated by ChatGPT]. OpenAI. Clauss, K. S. (2017, February 13). In a secret Montana cabin, Tom Brady says he feels no pain. Boston Magazine. https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2017/02/13/tom-brady-super-bowl-comeback/ Croskerry, P. (2009). A universal model of diagnostic reasoning. Academic Medicine, 84(8), 1022–1028. Daza, P. (2021). Simone Biles: World class gymnast and mental health advocate. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mind-matters-menninger/202107/simone-biles-world-class-gymnast-and-mental-health-advocate de la Fuente, J., Amate, J., González-Torres, M. C., Artuch, R., García-Torrecillas, J. M., & Fadda, S. (2020). Effects of levels of self-regulation and regulatory teaching on strategies for coping with academic stress in undergraduate students. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00022 Feltz, D. L., & Landers, D. M. (1983). The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5(1), 25–57. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.5.1.25 Guillot, A., Tolleron, C., & Collet, C. (2010). Does motor imagery enhance stretching and flexibility? Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(3), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903473828 Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., Galanis, E., & Theodorakis, Y. (2011). Self-talk and sports performance. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(4), 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611413136 Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Kellmann, M., & Beckmann, J. (2017). Sport, Recovery, and Performance. Taylor & Francis Group. Latinjak, A. T., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2020). Self-talk in sport. Applied Network Science, 4(40). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429460623 Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705 Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2019). The development of goal setting theory: A half-century retrospective. Motivation Science, 5(2), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000127 Luthans, K. W., Luthans, B. C., & Palmer, N. F. (2016). A positive approach to management education. Journal of Management Development, 35(9), 1098–1118. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-06-2015-0091 Morin, A. (2004). A neurocognitive and socioecological model of self-awareness. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 130(3), 197–224. https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.130.3.197-224 Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Self-efficacy and human motivation. Advances in Motivation Science, 8(1), 153–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adms.2020.10.001 Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. (2011). Handbook of Self-Regulation of Learning and Performance. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203839010 Tayyab Rashid, & Seligman, M. E. P. (2018). Positive Psychotherapy: Clinician manual. Oxford University Press. Theodorakis, Y., Weinberg, R., Natsis, P., Douma, I., & Kazakas, P. (2000). The effects of motivational versus instructional self-talk on improving motor performance. The Sport Psychologist, 14(3), 254. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.14.3.253 Tod, D., Hardy, J., & Oliver, E. (2011). Effects of self-talk: A systematic review. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(5), 666–687. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.5.666 Turner, J. A., Anderson, M. L., Balderson, B. H., Cook, A. J., Sherman, K. J., & Cherkin, D. C. (2016). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic low back pain. PAIN, 157(11), 2434–2444. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000635 Van Raalte, J. L., Vincent, A., & Brewer, B. W. (2016). Self-talk: Review and sport-specific model. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.08.004 Zimmerman, B. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective (pp. 13–39). Academic Press. }} === External links === * [https://www.mindtools.com/asf90pz/positive-thinking Mind Tools - Positive Thinking] * [https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/click-here-happiness/202106/the-power-self-talk Psychology Today - The Power of Self-Talk] [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Achievement]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Self]] 7iw4843vwx339048qjiz3p91tm6wn8x 1 307396 2688835 2684769 2024-11-25T22:42:55Z Jtneill 10242 Book chapter feedback 2688835 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # Promising 2-level heading structure – could benefit from further development # Refine the structure to remove repetition / provide more specific/distinct headings # Remove heading for focus questions (incorporate into Overview) <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Adopt closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings <!-- Other ---> # Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings |3= <!-- Overview--> <!-- Scenario --> # Move the scenario or case study into a feature box (with an image) to the start of this section to help catch reader interest # Abbreviate the scenario (or split and distribute in more than one feature box throughout the chapter) <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is provided <!-- Focus questions --> # Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section # Closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings is recommended # Open-ended focus questions are usually better than closed-ended (e.g., yes/no) questions |4= <!-- Key points--> # Promising development of key points for each section, with relevant citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples <!-- Style --> # Use APA style 7th edition for citations with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year) <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion (the most important section): ## Underway ## What might the take-home, practical messages be? (What are the answer(s) to the question(s) in the sub-title and/or focus questions?) |5= <!-- Figure --> # A relevant figure is presented and captioned <!-- Caption --> # The Figure 1 caption provides a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text <!-- Cite --> # Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # One use of in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to other relevant book chapters <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Promising use of example(s)/case study(ies) <!-- Quiz --> # Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages for each focus question <!-- Tables --> # Also consider using one or more tables to summarise key information |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Very good <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Are there any systematic reviews about this topic? <!-- Suggestions --> # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## capitalisation |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Excellent <!-- External links --> # External links ## Excellent |9= <!-- User page --> # Good <!-- Description about self --> # Brief description about self – consider expanding <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # One out of three types of contributions made with with direct link(s) to evidence # The other types of contribution are making: ## comments on chapters (past or current) ## posts about the unit or project on other platforms # Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]]) }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 23:16, 19 August 2024 (UTC) Hi [[User:StephenBlume|StephenBlume]] your book chapter is shaping up well, especially with its practical focus on how self-talk impacts emotions. Here are some of my feedback points: The introductory cliffside hiking scenario powerfully captures attention and demonstrates how inner conversation may influence emotions in real time. However, while the beginning scenario is interesting, there is some confusion as the narrative alternates between positive and negative inner voices. It may be useful to consider breaking the process down into smaller, more manageable segments. Your structure is clear, you break down the numerous parts of the inner voice and its relationship to emotions, making the information easier to understand. Overall, this chapter is off to a strong start. Best of luck and I cannot wait to see the final result! - [http://U3236641 U3236641] --[[User:U3236641|U3236641]] ([[User talk:U3236641|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/U3236641|contribs]]) 12:04, 3 October 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is a basic presentation |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening conveys the purpose of the presentation in a basic way <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # Create an engaging introduction to hook audience interest (e.g., through an example) <!-- Overview - Context --> # Establish a context for the presentation (e.g., use an example) <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Consider asking focus questions to help focus and discipline the presentation |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses/somewhat addresses/does not adequately address the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # An appropriate amount of content is presented — not too much or too little <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes very good use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes basic use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/insufficient/no use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes basic use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation provides basic practical advice <!-- Content - Easy to understand --> # The presentation provides easy to understand information # Provide easy to understand information |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Slide --> # The conclusion provides a good summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides basic take-home message(s) |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Easy to follow --> # The audio is easy to follow <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Audio communication is well-paced <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Reasonably good [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration is reasonably well practiced and/or performed <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was good # It sounded like there was a faint beep in the background every now and then? <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is reasonably good <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes basic use of text-based slides <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # The font size is sufficiently large to make it easy to read # Consider increasing line spacing to make the text easier to read # Different font types are used (consistency) # Direct quotes need page numbers <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented per slide makes it easy to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication could be improved by including relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is basically produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The correct title and sub-title (or an abbreviation to fit within the 100 character limit) are used in the name of the presentation — this helps to clearly convey the purpose of the presentation <!-- Meta-data - Description --> # A very brief written description of the presentation is provided. Expand. <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # A link to the book chapter is not provided # A link from the book chapter is provided |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is not clearly indicated }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 05:22, 10 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is a basic chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and basic use of research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Reasonably good use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FInner_voice_and_emotion&diff=2688832&oldid=2682763 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant) |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Reasonably good depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Reasonably good use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Basic review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Basic [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Some claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Basic summary and conclusion # Address the focus questions # Add practical, take-home message(s) |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are some aspects which are below professional standard <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar ## The grammar for many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Reasonably well captioned ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use reasonably good [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent APA style: |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Good use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Good use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Reasonably good use of figure(s) # Reasonably good use of table(s) # Good use of feature box(es) # Basic use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Reasonably good use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent use of interwiki links in the "See also" section <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent use of external links in the "External links" section |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~4 logged, useful, mostly moderate contributions with direct links to evidence # ~1 logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 22:42, 25 November 2024 (UTC) qmmhmt0jok70138e7smeb2bgw8rr1f9 2688836 2688835 2024-11-25T22:54:41Z Jtneill 10242 2688836 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # Promising 2-level heading structure – could benefit from further development # Refine the structure to remove repetition / provide more specific/distinct headings # Remove heading for focus questions (incorporate into Overview) <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Adopt closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings <!-- Other ---> # Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings |3= <!-- Overview--> <!-- Scenario --> # Move the scenario or case study into a feature box (with an image) to the start of this section to help catch reader interest # Abbreviate the scenario (or split and distribute in more than one feature box throughout the chapter) <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is provided <!-- Focus questions --> # Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section # Closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings is recommended # Open-ended focus questions are usually better than closed-ended (e.g., yes/no) questions |4= <!-- Key points--> # Promising development of key points for each section, with relevant citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples <!-- Style --> # Use APA style 7th edition for citations with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year) <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion (the most important section): ## Underway ## What might the take-home, practical messages be? (What are the answer(s) to the question(s) in the sub-title and/or focus questions?) |5= <!-- Figure --> # A relevant figure is presented and captioned <!-- Caption --> # The Figure 1 caption provides a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text <!-- Cite --> # Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # One use of in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to other relevant book chapters <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Promising use of example(s)/case study(ies) <!-- Quiz --> # Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages for each focus question <!-- Tables --> # Also consider using one or more tables to summarise key information |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Very good <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Are there any systematic reviews about this topic? <!-- Suggestions --> # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## capitalisation |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Excellent <!-- External links --> # External links ## Excellent |9= <!-- User page --> # Good <!-- Description about self --> # Brief description about self – consider expanding <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # One out of three types of contributions made with with direct link(s) to evidence # The other types of contribution are making: ## comments on chapters (past or current) ## posts about the unit or project on other platforms # Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]]) }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 23:16, 19 August 2024 (UTC) Hi [[User:StephenBlume|StephenBlume]] your book chapter is shaping up well, especially with its practical focus on how self-talk impacts emotions. Here are some of my feedback points: The introductory cliffside hiking scenario powerfully captures attention and demonstrates how inner conversation may influence emotions in real time. However, while the beginning scenario is interesting, there is some confusion as the narrative alternates between positive and negative inner voices. It may be useful to consider breaking the process down into smaller, more manageable segments. Your structure is clear, you break down the numerous parts of the inner voice and its relationship to emotions, making the information easier to understand. Overall, this chapter is off to a strong start. Best of luck and I cannot wait to see the final result! - [http://U3236641 U3236641] --[[User:U3236641|U3236641]] ([[User talk:U3236641|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/U3236641|contribs]]) 12:04, 3 October 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is a basic presentation |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening conveys the purpose of the presentation in a basic way <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # Create an engaging introduction to hook audience interest (e.g., through an example) <!-- Overview - Context --> # Establish a context for the presentation (e.g., use an example) <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Consider asking focus questions to help focus and discipline the presentation |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses/somewhat addresses/does not adequately address the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # An appropriate amount of content is presented — not too much or too little <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes very good use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes basic use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/insufficient/no use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes basic use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation provides basic practical advice <!-- Content - Easy to understand --> # The presentation provides easy to understand information # Provide easy to understand information |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Slide --> # The conclusion provides a good summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides basic take-home message(s) |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Easy to follow --> # The audio is easy to follow <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Audio communication is well-paced <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Reasonably good [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration is reasonably well practiced and/or performed <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was good # It sounded like there was a faint beep in the background every now and then? <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is reasonably good <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes basic use of text-based slides <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # The font size is sufficiently large to make it easy to read # Consider increasing line spacing to make the text easier to read # Different font types are used (consistency) # Direct quotes need page numbers <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented per slide makes it easy to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication could be improved by including relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is basically produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The correct title and sub-title (or an abbreviation to fit within the 100 character limit) are used in the name of the presentation — this helps to clearly convey the purpose of the presentation <!-- Meta-data - Description --> # A very brief written description of the presentation is provided. Expand. <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # A link to the book chapter is not provided # A link from the book chapter is provided |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is not clearly indicated }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 05:22, 10 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is a basic chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and basic use of research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Reasonably good use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FInner_voice_and_emotion&diff=2688832&oldid=2682763 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant) |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Reasonably good depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Reasonably good use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Basic review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Basic [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Some claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are some aspects which are below professional standard <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar ## The grammar for many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Reasonably well captioned ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use reasonably good [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent APA style: |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Good use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Good use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Reasonably good use of figure(s) # Reasonably good use of table(s) # Good use of feature box(es) # Basic use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Reasonably good use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent use of interwiki links in the "See also" section <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent use of external links in the "External links" section |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~4 logged, useful, mostly moderate contributions with direct links to evidence # ~1 logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 22:54, 25 November 2024 (UTC) mfqmc6o0ev5608qp6xjz6vvufofe8ty 2688839 2688836 2024-11-25T22:59:42Z Jtneill 10242 2688839 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # Promising 2-level heading structure – could benefit from further development # Refine the structure to remove repetition / provide more specific/distinct headings # Remove heading for focus questions (incorporate into Overview) <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Adopt closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings <!-- Other ---> # Avoid having sections with only 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings |3= <!-- Overview--> <!-- Scenario --> # Move the scenario or case study into a feature box (with an image) to the start of this section to help catch reader interest # Abbreviate the scenario (or split and distribute in more than one feature box throughout the chapter) <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is provided <!-- Focus questions --> # Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section # Closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings is recommended # Open-ended focus questions are usually better than closed-ended (e.g., yes/no) questions |4= <!-- Key points--> # Promising development of key points for each section, with relevant citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples <!-- Style --> # Use APA style 7th edition for citations with three or more authors (i.e., FirstAuthor et al., year) <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion (the most important section): ## Underway ## What might the take-home, practical messages be? (What are the answer(s) to the question(s) in the sub-title and/or focus questions?) |5= <!-- Figure --> # A relevant figure is presented and captioned <!-- Caption --> # The Figure 1 caption provides a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text <!-- Cite --> # Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # One use of in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to other relevant book chapters <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Promising use of example(s)/case study(ies) <!-- Quiz --> # Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages for each focus question <!-- Tables --> # Also consider using one or more tables to summarise key information |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Very good <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Are there any systematic reviews about this topic? <!-- Suggestions --> # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## capitalisation |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Excellent <!-- External links --> # External links ## Excellent |9= <!-- User page --> # Good <!-- Description about self --> # Brief description about self – consider expanding <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # One out of three types of contributions made with with direct link(s) to evidence # The other types of contribution are making: ## comments on chapters (past or current) ## posts about the unit or project on other platforms # Use a numbered list (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]]) }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 23:16, 19 August 2024 (UTC) Hi [[User:StephenBlume|StephenBlume]] your book chapter is shaping up well, especially with its practical focus on how self-talk impacts emotions. Here are some of my feedback points: The introductory cliffside hiking scenario powerfully captures attention and demonstrates how inner conversation may influence emotions in real time. However, while the beginning scenario is interesting, there is some confusion as the narrative alternates between positive and negative inner voices. It may be useful to consider breaking the process down into smaller, more manageable segments. Your structure is clear, you break down the numerous parts of the inner voice and its relationship to emotions, making the information easier to understand. Overall, this chapter is off to a strong start. Best of luck and I cannot wait to see the final result! - [http://U3236641 U3236641] --[[User:U3236641|U3236641]] ([[User talk:U3236641|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/U3236641|contribs]]) 12:04, 3 October 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is a basic presentation |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening conveys the purpose of the presentation in a basic way <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # Create an engaging introduction to hook audience interest (e.g., through an example) <!-- Overview - Context --> # Establish a context for the presentation (e.g., use an example) <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Consider asking focus questions to help focus and discipline the presentation |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses/somewhat addresses/does not adequately address the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # An appropriate amount of content is presented — not too much or too little <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes very good use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes basic use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/insufficient/no use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes basic use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation provides basic practical advice <!-- Content - Easy to understand --> # The presentation provides easy to understand information # Provide easy to understand information |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Slide --> # The conclusion provides a good summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides basic take-home message(s) |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Easy to follow --> # The audio is easy to follow <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Audio communication is well-paced <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Reasonably good [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration is reasonably well practiced and/or performed <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was good # It sounded like there was a faint beep in the background every now and then? <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is reasonably good <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes basic use of text-based slides <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # The font size is sufficiently large to make it easy to read # Consider increasing line spacing to make the text easier to read # Different font types are used (consistency) # Direct quotes need page numbers <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented per slide makes it easy to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication could be improved by including relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is basically produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The correct title and sub-title (or an abbreviation to fit within the 100 character limit) are used in the name of the presentation — this helps to clearly convey the purpose of the presentation <!-- Meta-data - Description --> # A very brief written description of the presentation is provided. Expand. <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # A link to the book chapter is not provided # A link from the book chapter is provided |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is not clearly indicated }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 05:22, 10 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is a basic chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and basic use of research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Reasonably good use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FInner_voice_and_emotion&diff=2688832&oldid=2682763 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant) |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Reasonably good depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Reasonably good use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Basic review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Basic [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Some claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are some aspects which are below professional standard <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar ## The grammar for many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Reasonably well captioned ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use reasonably good [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent APA style: |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Good use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Good use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Good use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Reasonably good use of figure(s) # Reasonably good use of table(s) # Good use of feature box(es) # Basic use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Reasonably good use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent use of interwiki links in the "See also" section <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent use of external links in the "External links" section |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~4 logged, useful, mostly moderate contributions with direct links to evidence # ~1 logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]] # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 22:54, 25 November 2024 (UTC) tcivdhv3h36wncuopc54dtw9jcrfyiu 0 307419 2688900 2678114 2024-11-26T10:36:19Z Jtneill 10242 Copyediting 2688900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|Autism and motivation:<br>How does autism influence motivation?}} {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/UShuqiy9mu8?si=C4ZBJBPoMe5ppq5I}} __TOC__ == Overview == {{RoundBoxTop|theme=13}} [[File:Workplace Stress.jpg|Workplace_Stress|thumb|170px|Figure 1: Overwhelmed student]] ;Scenario Imagine you're an autistic student faced with a mountain of assignments. You feel intensely drawn to a particular topic, pouring all your time and energy into it, yet struggle to even begin the tasks that don’t interest you. The pressure builds, but instead of motivating you, it overwhelms you, leading to avoidance and burnout. This causes you to leave everything to the last minute and eventually suffer bad grades. {{RoundBoxBottom}} This scenario shows the challenges autistic individuals face in daily life and academics, influencing motivation. This chapter explores these challenges, examining how motivation is influenced differently in autism and why understanding this is important for tailored support strategies. {{RoundBoxTop|theme=7}} ;Focus questions * How do different factors/theories of autism influence motivation? * Are autistic individuals more likely to be intrinsically, or extrinsically motivated? How do special interests influence this? * How does focusing too deeply on one thing help, or hurt, motivation? {{RoundBoxBottom}} == What is autism? == [[File:Three_Levels_of_Autism_1.png|alt=Three_Levels_of_Autism_1|thumb|362x362px|Figure 2:  Support levels of autism]][[File:Overlapping clinical phenotypes in genes associated with monogenic forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), dystonia, epilepsy and schizophrenia.svg|thumb|Figure 3. Overlapping [[w:_Clinical_phenotypes|clinical phenotypes]] in genes associated with ASD.|280x280px]] [[w:_Autism_Spectrum_Disorder|Autism Spectrum Disorder]] (ASD), or autism, is a [[w:_Neurodevelopmental_condition|neurodevelopmental condition]] characterised by differences in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviours. It falls under the broader concept of [[w:_Neurodiversity|neurodiversity]], which views brain differences, including autism, as natural and valuable aspects of human diversity. The [[w:_DSM-5|DSM-5]]{{f}} combines earlier diagnoses like [[w:_Asperger’s_disorder|asperger’s disorder]] and [[w:_Pervasive_developmental_disorder|pervasive developmental disorder]] under a single ASD diagnosis, reflecting the idea of a [[w:_spectrum|spectrum]]. ASD is described as a spectrum because individuals can have varying support needs, ranging from minimal to very substantial assistance (see Figure 2), an example of this being [[w:nonverbal|nonverbal]] individuals. Common characteristics in autism include challenges in communication, sensory sensitivities, intense/[[w:_special_interest_(autism)|special interests]], and repetitive behaviours such as "[[w:_Stimming|stimming]]," which helps manage sensory input and emotions{{f}}. In some cases, autistic individuals may exhibit extraordinary abilities, such as those with [[w:_Savant_Syndrome|savant syndrome]] who display talents like photographic memory. Though rare, cases like these have contributed to misconceptions about autism by highlighting extraordinary abilities alongside areas of difficulty.{{f}} Using [[w:_Identity-first_language|identity-first language]] <small>[[https://autisticadvocacy.org/about-asan/identity-first-language/ 1]][[https://www.aspect.org.au/blog/how-do-we-describe-autism 2]]</small>, such as "autistic individual," is essential in advocacy and will be employed throughout this chapter, except when specifically discussing the diagnosis. Autism often coexists with other conditions like [[w:_ADHD|ADHD]] and [[w:_Anxiety|anxiety]], sharing similar [[w:_Phenotype|phenotypes]] (see Figure 3), and this overlap can complicate diagnosis and support needs, as traits of ASD can often blend with those of other conditions. Diagnosing ASD involves evaluating social communication challenges, and repetitive behaviours, both of which can vary widely across the spectrum. Historically, research on autism has been centred around young, Eurocentric males, a bias reinforced by the [https://www.thetransmitter.org/spectrum/extreme-male-brain-explained/ Extreme Male Brain Theory] (Baron-Cohen, 1999). This narrow focus has contributed to delayed and missed diagnosis in women, girls, and adults, highlighting the multifaceted nature of neurodiversity and the need for nuanced approaches to support{{f}}. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Case study - Jamie |- |'''Meet Jamie''', a 20-year-old psychology student passionate about abnormal psychology. They spend hours studying topics like schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder, impressing both classmates and professors. However, group projects are stressful for Jamie. Social motivation is a struggle, and they often feel out of place, preferring to work alone. This sometimes causes friction and affects their grades in collaborative assignments. Jamie also faces executive function challenges. While highly motivated in their favorite subjects, they often lose track of time and miss deadlines for less interesting assignments, leading to inconsistent performance and added stress. |} '''How well do you understand Jamie's situation? '''<quiz display="simple"> {How does Jamie’s passion for abnormal psychology affect their academic performance? |type="()"} + It helps them excel in related areas - It helps them be able to to skip lectures - It negatively impacts their studies, resulting in poor performance {What is a major issue Jamie has with executive function? |type="()"} - Difficulty understanding lectures - Inability to focus on abnormal psychology + Missing deadlines for assignments {What does Jamie’s scenario highlight about managing university life? |type="()"} - How to avoid group projects + The need for strategies to balance interests and university demands - Benefits of focusing solely on one subject - The ease of handling all academic tasks </quiz> {{RoundBoxTop|theme=13}}Jamie’s Problem: Jamie’s experience shows the challenge of balancing a deep passion for abnormal psychology with the demands of university life. Their special interest drives success in certain areas, but struggles with social motivation and executive function create obstacles. This highlights the need for strategies to help students like Jamie manage university life while staying engaged with their passions. {{RoundBoxBottom}} == Overview of motivation == Motivation is a psychological construct that refers to the processes/reasons that drive goal-directed behaviour. In psychology, it is often divided into 2 forms: * [[w:_Intrinsic_motivation|Intrinsic motivation]] Driven by internal rewards, such as enjoyment or interest in the activity itself{{g}}. For autistic individuals, intrinsic motivation often connects to special interests, which can strongly motivate learning and growth. * [[w:_Extrinsic_motivation|Extrinsic motivation]] Ultimately based off-of [[w:_B.F._Skinner|B.F. Skinner]]'s [[w:_Operant_conditioning|operant conditioning]] (positive/negative reward/punisher), this form relies on external rewards or punishments. For autistic individuals, non-social rewards and clear, tangible outcomes may be more motivating than social rewards. '''Motivation''' is ultimately influenced by internal desires and external pressures, pushing us to pursue goals or avoid negative outcomes. In autism, neurological, sensory, and cognitive factors impact motivation, affecting how individuals approach tasks and respond to situations. Understanding these factors is crucial in supporting autistic individuals.{{f}} === The social motivation hypothesis === When it specifically comes to motivation in autistic individuals, the [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3329932/ Social Motivation Hypothesis] (SMH) posits that autistic individuals show less interest in social stimuli, such as faces and eye contact, which limits opportunities for social learning and skill development (Clements et al., 2018). First introduced by [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TYEugzYAAAAJ&hl=en Coralie Chevallier] and colleagues in 2012, the SMH suggests that these early deficits in social motivation lead to broader social difficulties, building on theories like [[w:_Theory_of_Mind|Theory of Mind]] (ToM). Jaswal and Akhtar (2018) suggest that behaviors like reduced eye contact, common in autism, are often misinterpreted as disinterest but actually reflect different motivations or responses. They advocate for a more humane and accurate understanding of these behaviors to better support autistic individuals. == Factors of autism that influence motivation == {{expand}} === Executive dysfunction === [[w:_Executive_dysfunction|Executive dysfunction]], or a struggle/deficit in [[w:_Executive_functions|executive function]], refers to difficulties in managing thoughts, emotions, and actions, particularly with tasks that involve working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control{{f}}. [[w:_Executive_functions|Executive ''function'']], a term first developed by Pribram (1973), is important for organising and planning, shifting focus, and maintaining self-control. Executive function, encompassing skills like working memory, impulse control, and mental flexibility; which are often impaired in autistic individuals and other neurodevelopmental disorders linked to [[w:_Frontal_lobe|frontal lobe]] deficits (Hill, 2003). Rabinovici et al. (2015) identify four key components of executive function: working memory, inhibition, set shifting, and fluency. Dysfunction in these areas may stem from damage to the [[w:_Prefrontal_cortex|prefrontal cortex]], [[w:_Basal_ganglia|basal ganglia]], and [[w:_Cerebellum|cerebellum]]. Understanding these impairments is crucial for developing effective interventions and strategies to support individuals in both educational and daily life settings. In autistic individuals, executive dysfunction can make it hard to start tasks, stay focused, and adapt to changes, affecting motivation{{f}}. This lack of control can lead to anxiety, especially with tasks lacking immediate rewards, while planning and flexibility issues further hinder motivation{{f}}. Despite strengths in memory and attention to detail, struggles with task initiation can block sustained motivation{{f}}. Accommodations like breaking tasks into smaller steps, visual aids, and flexible pacing can ease cognitive overload and improve task completion (Ozonoff & Schetter, 2011). For some, these challenges are intensified by extreme avoidance, known as Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA). === Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) === [[w:Pathological_Demand_Avoidance|Pathological Demand Avoidance]] (PDA) describes a profile within Autism Spectrum Disorder where individuals exhibit an extreme need to avoid everyday demands{{f}}. This avoidance often stems from a desire to maintain [[w:Autonomy|autonomy]] and control, leading to heightened anxiety and emotional responses. The autism community also sometimes refer to PDA as 'Pervasive Drive for Autonomy' a term coined by [http://tomlinwilding.com/ Tomlin Wilding], believing it fits better to the meaning of the concept. PDA was first investigated as a distinct disorder by [[w:Elizabeth_Newson|Elizabeth Newson]] about 50 years ago, and then made a separate syndrome to ASD by Newson (2003). PDA is characterised by an extreme anxiety-driven need for control, distinguishing it from typical autism deficits like social communication difficulties. O’Nions et al. (2017) identify triggers such as anxiety, sensory sensitivities, and phobias, which, combined with a strong need for autonomy, can reduce motivation as any demand may prompt avoidance, hindering task initiation and completion. [[File:Self-Determination-Theory.png|alt=Self-Determination-Theory|thumb|340x340px|Figure 4. Self-Determination Theory]] People with PDA may avoid tasks, even ones they want to do, due to anxiety and a need for control. This avoidance stems from feeling overwhelmed, not a lack of motivation{{f}}. For example, a student with PDA might avoid schoolwork they enjoy because the pressure threatens their sense of autonomy. The sense of autonomy, combined with competence and relatedness, are the three basic needs for optimal wellbeing according to the Self-Determination Theory (see Figure 4), further highlighting the impact PDA can have on ASD motivation. Creating low-pressure, flexible environments can help support these needs. Moore (2020), however, warns that PDA may pathologise some autistic behaviors. Kildahl et al. (2021) highlight methodological issues in PDA research, such as its definition, construct validity, and measurement, underscoring the need for further study on PDA’s relationship with other disorders such as anxiety and trauma. Despite the limitations and concerns surrounding its classification, it is crucial to acknowledge PDA as a valid condition that significantly impacts motivation and daily functioning, as avoidance of demands may represent a coping strategy rather than a form of non-compliance (Egan et al., 2018). Necessitating a nuanced understanding of its unique challenges{{g}}. PDA also relates to ''[https://autismawarenesscentre.com/what-is-autistic-inertia/ autistic inertia]'', where individuals struggle to start new tasks or transition between activities. === Autistic inertia === [https://www.kiddclinic.com.au/blog/autistic-inertia Autistic inertia] is a common experience among autistic individuals, characterised by difficulties in initiating or transitioning between tasks. This phenomenon often feels like being stuck, where there is a desire to engage in an activity, but the ability to move forward is hindered. This phenomenon can be understood through the framework of [[w:_autistic_burnout|Burnout]], Inertia, [[w:_autistic_meltdown|Meltdown]], and Shutdown ([https://www.autismontario.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/BIMS%20SUMMARY%20-%20Autism%20Ontario%20%20.pdf BIMS]) (Phung et al., 2021), which explores how these interconnected experiences affect the emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being of autistic individuals. Factors contributing to inertia include challenges with executive functioning, perfectionism, and environmental pressures. Autistic individuals may also experience anxiety, fatigue, or overwhelm, which can worsen inertia. Buckle et al. (2021) highlight the complexity of inertia, involving physical, emotional, and cognitive factors, stressing that it goes beyond motor skills or executive functioning. Understanding these nuances can improve support strategies, emphasizing compassion and collaboration from caregivers. Buckle et al. (2021) also found that some autistic individuals view inertia positively when deeply focused on a task, leading to a productive state of 'inertial motion.' This focus, often seen negatively, can resemble the 'flow state'. Lets{{g}} see if we can understand these 3 similar concepts a bit better with a table: {| class="wikitable" !Aspect !'''Executive Dysfunction''' !'''Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA)''' !'''Autistic Inertia''' |- |'''Definition''' | Difficulty focusing, organising, and transitioning between tasks. Trouble managing thoughts and emotions. | Avoids tasks due to extreme anxiety or nervous system dysregulation, aiming to maintain control. | ''"At rest stays at rest, in motion stays in motion"''. Difficulty with initiating and stopping tasks. Motivation present but tasks feel daunting, leading to feeling "stuck". |- |'''Key features''' | Disorganisation, paired with impaired impulse control, flexibility, and emotional regulation. | Extreme avoidance of everyday demands, even if appearing 'minor'. Anxiety relating to the need for control and autonomy dominates behavior. | Feels "stuck" trying to start or switch tasks, may hyper-focus and deep focus may resemble a “flow state”. |- |'''Presentation''' | Procrastination, disorganised, struggles with time management and emotional regulation. | Resistant or defiant toward everyday requests, may use strategies like distraction or negotiation. | Appears passive or frozen before tasks, struggles to stop or shift activities once started. |- |'''Motivational influence''' | Struggles with initiating and sustaining tasks, reduced motivation for planned tasks, and difficulty following through. | Need to avoid demands can override motivation, despite desiring to complete a task. Avoidance often serves as a coping mechanism rather than a lack of motivation. | Motivation to engage exists, but issues with initiation and momentum hinder starting tasks. The feeling of being stuck can lower "activation energy" |- |'''Anxiety prominence''' | Anxiety arises from challenges in organising thoughts and time, worsening focus and total executive dysfunction. | Avoidance highly linked to anxiety (but not always present), particularly the feeling of being controlled or losing autonomy. | Anxiety may be present, especially when feeling overwhelmed. Despite this, inertia is not primarily driven by anxiety. |} === Monotropism === [https://autismawarenesscentre.com/what-is-monotropism/ Monotropism] is a theory of autism that offers a non-pathologising perspective on the autistic experience. First developed by autistic individuals [[w:_Dinah_Murray|Dinah Murray]], [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wenn-Lawson-2 Wenn Lawson] and [[w:_Mike_Lesser|Mike Lesser]] in the 1990s, and first published in 2005 (Murray et al., 2005), it seeks to explain many autistic traits through the lens of attention and focus. Fergus Murray, Dinah Murray's son, continues to share and expand upon their work through the website [https://monotropism.org/ Monotropism.org]. The theory suggests that autistic people tend to focus intensely on a smaller number of interests at any given time, leaving fewer mental resources for other tasks. In terms of motivation, this means that when engaged in areas of deep interest, autistic individuals often exhibit strong motivation. However, tasks outside these focused interests may feel overwhelming or unappealing, making it harder to shift attention or find motivation. This focus also connects to [https://www.thetransmitter.org/spectrum/intense-world/ The intense world hypothesis of autism], where individuals become hyper-attuned to specific stimuli and are easily overwhelmed by sensory input. Additionally, monotropism can amplify anxiety when tasks demand attention shifting or multitasking, reinforcing the importance of meaningful, singular interests in motivating autistic people{{f}}. [https://www.thetransmitter.org/spectrum/intense-world/ The intense world hypothesis of autism], was first developed by [[w:_henry_markram|Henry]] and [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KpDBb3YAAAAJ&hl=en Kamila Markram] and it suggests that autistic individuals experience a hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli due to hyper-reactive microcircuits in the brain (Markram & Markram, 2010). This heightened sensitivity allows autistic people to focus intensely on ''small details'' while struggling to process the ''broader picture'', leading to challenges with [[w:_Sensory_overload|sensory overload]], social interaction, and [[w:_Emotional_regulation|emotional regulation]]. Similar to monotropism (a strong focus on specific activities at a time), the intense world hypothesis highlights how autistic individuals can become deeply absorbed in particular aspects of their environment. This hypothesis could be considered as the more pathological/scientific side of monotropism. Both theories show us how an intense focus, whether on specific/special interests or sensory details, can shape the autistic experience. === Special interests === Special interests are one of the definitive features of autism, and are deep, focused passions that often drive individuals to immerse themselves in a particular subject or activity for extended periods (Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2001). Similar to a [[w:_Hyperfixation|hyperfixation]] (short-term interests in a subject, lasting days to months, often seen in people with ASD/ADHD but possible for anyone), but lasting a much longer time. These interests are fueled by intrinsic motivation, that is, autistic people often pursue them for the pure joy of learning or engagement of their interest. This internal drive allows autistic individuals to develop exceptional expertise and excel in their special interests far beyond the level of a neurotypical person with, say, a more casual hobby. These interests can serve as a powerful source of motivation, enhancing learning, focus, and even daily functioning by providing a sense of purpose and fulfillment. When fully engaged in a special interest, many autistic individuals may enter a flow state, a mental state of complete absorption and focus, where time seems to slip away and performance reaches its peak. [[File:Challenge vs skill.svg|thumb|Figure 5: Display of Flow State|257x257px]] Special interests in autism can often lead to a "[[w:_Flow_(psychology)|Flow state]]", a mental state of complete immersion in an activity{{f}}. Flow, a concept from [[w:_Positive_psychology|positive psychology]], occurs when someone is deeply focused, with intense concentration and a merging of action and awareness. It typically happens when a task is neither too easy nor too difficult, offering the right balance of challenge and skill (see Figure 4). This creates a sense of control, time distortion, and intrinsic reward, with full engagement in the task at hand taking priority over external outcomes. Flow isn't specific to autism, but it's common for autistic people to experience it through their special interests. The ability to deeply focus and lose track of time in these tasks can bring joy and self-expression, helping them thrive in their passions. However, this immersion can sometimes lead to exhaustion or neglect of other responsibilities, emphasizing the need for support to manage these challenges (Rapaport et al., 2023). '''Quiz''' <quiz display="simple"> {True or False: In autistic inertia, individuals may have the motivation to complete tasks, but they may still struggle to initiate or transition between activities. |type="()"} + True - False {Special interests __________. |type="()"} - Provide no benefit to motivation. + Often drive motivation through intrinsic rewards. - Are only motivated by external rewards. {According to the intense world hypothesis of autism, autistic individuals __________. |type="()"} - Have reduced sensitivity to sensory input. - Avoid all sensory input. + Experience hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli, focusing on small details. </quiz> == Impact on daily life and academic + professional motivation == {{expand}} === Daily life and routine motivation === Routines greatly benefit autistic individuals by providing structure and enhancing day-to-day motivation{{f}}. Disruptions to these routines, and problems like sensory sensitivities, can significantly impact motivation and lead to setbacks{{f}}. Establishing clear objectives and incorporating special interests (eg. a toothbrush decorated as your favourite character) can help improve motivation for completing daily activities. === Academic and professional motivation === Academic, professional and social settings can often feel overwhelming for autistic individuals, which may decrease motivation to complete tasks. To counter this, incorporating special interests and making environmental adjustments can create a more supportive atmosphere, ultimately enhancing motivation and engagement.{{f}} == Practical accomodations and strategies to help motivation in autistic individuals == Supporting motivation in autistic individuals involves structured but flexible environments{{f}}. Predictable settings with visual supports, such as schedules or task lists, reduce anxiety and foster engagement. Flexibility in task "choice, interspersing maintenance tasks, and using natural reinforcers can support core symptom improvement and academic success" (Koegel et al., 2010). Prioritising sensory and emotional needs with stimming breaks and [[w:_Sensory_tools|sensory tools]], especially in high-focus situations like exams, aids emotional regulation and sustained motivation. Breaking tasks into manageable steps with clear, unambiguous instructions helps those with executive function challenges avoid overwhelm, while achievable goals and recognition of progress maintain motivation{{f}}. Positive reinforcement and constructive feedback that [[w:_strengths_based_practice|emphasise strengths]] and growth encourage ongoing effort across academic and workplace settings{{f}}. Additionally, educating communities on autism fosters inclusivity and understanding, reducing stigma and ensuring support for autistic individuals to thrive{{f}}. == Conclusion == Autism profoundly influences motivation through a complex interplay of cognitive, emotional, and environmental factors. Autistic individuals often face unique challenges in initiating and sustaining motivation, largely due to difficulties with executive functioning, PDA, inertia, and intense focus on special interests. Theories like monotropism and the intense world hypothesis show how hyper-attunement to certain stimuli affects motivation across various settings, illustrating that motivation is not just willpower but involves understanding the autistic experience. Positive aspects of motivation and autism, such as utilising special interests, intrinsic motivation, and the flow state, demonstrate how motivation can be fostered by leveraging these strengths. Autism influences motivation by affecting executive functioning and sensory processing, presenting unique challenges while also highlighting strengths like hyper-focus, which enhances intrinsic motivation in supportive environments. Implications highlight the importance of structured environments, leveraging accomodations, flexibility and adopting strengths-based approaches to enhance motivation. Routines and structured environments enhance motivation by providing predictability and reducing anxiety, while strategies like breaking tasks into manageable steps and offering sensory support are essential for promoting motivation. Prioritising sensory and emotional support allows caregivers and educators to foster engagement and personal growth. Ultimately, fostering awareness and an inclusive understanding of autism, and its impact on motivation, paves the way for more effective support strategies. This approach not only benefits autistic individuals but also enriches the broader community, promoting a culture of understanding and collaboration that enhances everyone’s capacity for motivation and growth. ==See also== * [https://actuallyautistic.wiki/wiki/Main_Page ActuallyAutisticWiki] (a wiki made by, and for, autistic individuals) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2022/ADHD and motivation|ADHD and motivation]] (Book chapter, 2022) * [[wikipedia:Autism|Autism]] (Wikipedia) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Autism spectrum disorder and emotional regulation|Autism spectrum disorder and emotional regulation]] (Book chapter, 2020) * [[w:_Executive_dysfunction|Executive dysfunction]] (Wikipedia) * [[w:_Flow_(psychology)|Flow state]] (Wikipedia) * [[w:_Motivation|Motivation]] (Wikipedia) * [[w:_Pathological_demand_avoidance|Pathological demand avoidance]] (Wikipedia) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Stimming motivation|Stimming motivation]] (Book chapter, 2019) ==References== {{Hanging indent|1= Baron-Cohen, S. (1999). The Extreme Male-Brain theory of Autism. In The MIT Press eBooks (pp. 390–418). https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/4945.003.0023 Buckle, K. L., Leadbitter, K., Poliakoff, E., & Gowen, E. (2021). “No way out except from external Intervention”: First-Hand Accounts of Autistic Inertia. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631596 Chevallier, C., Kohls, G., Troiani, V., Brodkin, E. S., & Schultz, R. T. (2012). The social motivation theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(4), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.02.007 Clements, C. C., Zoltowski, A. R., Yankowitz, L. D., Yerys, B. E., Schultz, R. T., & Herrington, J. D. (2018). Evaluation of the social motivation hypothesis of autism. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(8), 797. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1100 Egan, V., Linenberg, O., & O’Nions, E. (2018). The measurement of adult pathological demand avoidance traits. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(2), 481–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3722-7 Hill, E. L. (2003). Executive dysfunction in autism☆. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2003.11.003 Jaswal, V. K., & Akhtar, N. (2018). Being versus appearing socially uninterested: Challenging assumptions about social motivation in autism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 42. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x18001826 Kildahl, A. N., Helverschou, S. B., Rysstad, A. L., Wigaard, E., Hellerud, J. M., Ludvigsen, L. B., & Howlin, P. (2021). Pathological demand avoidance in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Autism, 25(8), 2162–2176. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613211034382 Koegel, L. K., Singh, A. K., & Koegel, R. L. (2010). Improving Motivation for Academics in Children with Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(9), 1057–1066. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0962-6 Markram, K., & Markram, H. (2010). The Intense World Theory – a unifying theory of the neurobiology of autism. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00224 Moore, A. (2020). Pathological demand avoidance: What and who are being pathologised and in whose interests? Global Studies of Childhood, 10(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043610619890070 Murray, D. (2020). Monotropism: An Interest-Based Account of Autism. In Springer eBooks (pp. 1–3). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102269-2 Murray, D., Lesser, M., & Lawson, W. (2005). Attention, monotropism and the diagnostic criteria for autism. Autism, 9(2), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361305051398 Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2001). The concept of flow. In Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 89–105). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135336.003.0007 Newson, E. (2003). Pathological demand avoidance syndrome: a necessary distinction within the pervasive developmental disorders. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 88(7), 595–600. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.7.595 O’Nions, E., Viding, E., Floyd, C., Quinlan, E., Pidgeon, C., Gould, J., & Happé, F. (2017). Dimensions of difficulty in children reported to have an autism spectrum diagnosis and features of extreme/‘pathological’ demand avoidance. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 23(3), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12242 Ozonoff, S., & L. Schetter, P. (2011). 7: Executive dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: From research to practice [Print]. In L. Meltzer, Executive Function in Education: From Theory to Practice (1st ed., pp. 133–151). Guilford Press. https://books.google.com.au/books?id=xaafOGu0fSIC Phung, J., Penner, M., Pirlot, C., & Welch, C. (2021). What I wish you knew: Insights on burnout, inertia, meltdown, and shutdown from autistic youth. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.741421 Pribram, K. (1973). THE PRIMATE FRONTAL CORTEX – EXECUTIVE OF THE BRAIN. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 293–314). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-564340-5.50019-6 Rabinovici, G. D., Stephens, M. L., & Possin, K. L. (2015). Executive dysfunction. CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 21, 646–659. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.con.0000466658.05156.54 Rapaport, H., Clapham, H., Adams, J., Lawson, W., Porayska-Pomsta, K., & Pellicano, E. (2023). “In a State of Flow”: a qualitative examination of autistic adults’ phenomenological experiences of task immersion. Autism in Adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2023.0032 }} ==External links== * [https://www.kiddclinic.com.au/blog/autistic-inertia Autistic inertia] (kiddclinic.com.au) * [https://www.aspect.org.au/blog/how-do-we-describe-autism How do we describe autism] (aspect.org.au) * [https://autisticadvocacy.org/about-asan/identity-first-language/ Identity-First Language] (autisticadvocacynetwork.org) * [https://www.youtube.com/@imautisticnowwhat I'm Autistic, Now What?] (YouTube channel covering many concepts mentioned) * [https://monotropism.org/ Monotropism] (monotropism.org) * [https://reframingautism.org.au/monotropism-learning-flow-state/ Monotropism, learning and flow state] (reframingautism.org.au) * [https://theplaceforchildrenwithautism.com/autism-blog/motivation-and-autism Motivation and autism] (theplaceforchildrenwithautism.com) * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3329932/ Social Motivation Hypothesis] (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) * [https://www.thetransmitter.org/spectrum/intense-world/ The intense world hypothesis of autism] (thetransmitter.org) * [https://www.thetransmitter.org/theories-of-autism/ Theories of autism] (thetransmitter.org) * [https://www.structural-learning.com/post/theories-of-motivation Theories of Motivation] (structural-learning.com) * [https://thespectrum.org.au/autism/ What is autism?] (thespectrum.org.au) [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Autism]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Motivation]] knqm75j5tqcfjejcqg1twiceo4kastn 0 307444 2688877 2687831 2024-11-26T07:05:20Z Jtneill 10242 Copyediting 2688877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{title|News and emotion:<br>What role does emotion play in the presentation and consumption of news?}} {{MECR3|1=https://youtu.be/LJ0DqKtR6LY}} __TOC__ ==Overview== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=3}} [[File:1st Boston Marathon blast seen from 2nd floor and a half block away.jpg|thumb|'''Figure 1.''' Spectators helping victims at the 2013 Boston marathon bombings.]] On the fateful day of 15 April 2013, tragedy struck in Boston. As hundreds of marathon runners crossed the finish line, 2 bombs exploded killing 3 people and injuring hundreds more. A study of mental health conducted by Holman and colleagues at the University of California confirmed the expected - that those who had witnessed the event (see Figure 1) had suffered a decline in their mental health. However, another group had been even more badly shaken: Those who did not witness the explosion firsthand, but had consumed 6 or more hours of news coverage per day in the week afterwards. Curiously, having been in the vicinity during the bombing or knowing someone who was injured or died in it were not as predictive of high acute stress than the nature of one’s news consumption habits during this terrible time (Gorvett, 2020). {{RoundBoxBottom}} News is a significant part of everyday life. It has many functions and is evolving. Emotion of both the journalist and the audience create a feedback cycle where bias is almost unavoidable and shapes the presentation of news{{g}}. Consumption of news is driven by someone's understanding of and emotions about the topic, the perceived negativity and threat level and their personal connection to it. The resulting consumption habits help to determine what sells and what doesn't. This calls into question journalistic integrity. The reach and power of news in it's{{g}} current state suggest a crisis of a depressed and dependent population, and an increase in the spread of misinformation is responsible for vast negative outcomes. {{RoundBoxTop}} ;Focus questions * What factors determine the way news is presented and the effect it has on our emotions? * What is the relationship between news and emotion? How does one affect the other? * How can this relationship be harnessed for effective, accurate communication of information? {{RoundBoxBottom}} ==What is news?== Every day people are faced with various events, ideas and processes, many of which clash with one another. News monitors and interprets these concepts, conveying them to the population. The earliest news was delivered by word of mouth. Merchants, sailors and travellers brought news to the mainland upon their return. Pedlars spread this information across towns and ancient scribes recorded it. The invention of the printing press revolutionized the transmission and reliability of news. Newspapers were the primary journalistic medium of the 18^th and 19^th century (see '''Figure 2'''), followed by radio and television in the 20^th (Reese, 2016).The definition of “news” is becoming looser with time, being that it is strategically or even unconsciously embedded into our everyday lives in ways we may not otherwise consider (like [[w:_advertising|advertising]]) but consistently demonstrate reach and impact (Sivek, 2018). [[File:Land on the Moon 7 21 1969-repair.jpg|thumb|'''Figure 2.''' Young girl reading newspaper article on moon landing, 1969.|200x200px]] === Why do we consume news? === {{expand}}{{f}} {| class="wikitable" |+ !'''Reason''' !'''Example''' |- |'''Staying informed:''' To learn about current events and what is happening in the world. |During the height of the covid-19 pandemic, many people relied on the news to keep them updated on case numbers, vaccine availability, testing site locations and rules about mask wearing and isolation periods. |- |'''[[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Positive education|Education]]:''' To gain knowledge and understanding of different topics. |Consuming a news segment about an endangered animal will likely make someone more educated about and aware of the animal and nature of their endangerment. |- |'''Entertainment:''' Some news stories are interesting or entertaining. |[https://time.com/6550164/neil-the-seal-tasmania-background-instagram-tiktok/ This story about a seal playfully destroying a town's traffic cones each year] (Moench, 2023). |- |'''Perspective:''' To see different viewpoints and opinions. |Someone who is unsure who to vote for can access a variety of different information and outlooks through the news to inform their judgment. |} (Reach Out, n.d) === The impact of news === News is very powerful and prevalent. It shapes understanding of people, places and events, and therefore: * Determines people's attitudes and opinions. * Can change the content of people's dreams. * Can lead to miscalculated risks and misinformed decisions, whether at an individual or governmental level. * Increases one’s risk of developing PTSD, depression and anxiety disorders, mostly due to repeated exposure to negative and traumatizing stories. * Increases one’s risk of having a heart attack or developing health conditions later in life. * Contributes to societal divide and pressures such as classism and [[w:racism|Racism]]. * Poses personal and global financial and economic risks. (Global Affairs Explained, n.d.) ==Journalism == Competition is intense in the news world right now. Rivals are everywhere, endless and in disguise. Information and diverse modalities of accessing it are more available than ever before, and journalists have a much smaller chance of capturing audience attention, or even having their news stories seen at all. A tried, tested and common method of effectively doing this is by appealing to audience emotion, which concerningly blurs the lines of integrity and manipulates consumption habits and rates. Accurate, reliable news sources are not fulfilling their potential. === Objectivity vs. emotion === News companies/journalists may believe a certain narrative is interesting, engaging, and important but be restricted in their presentation of it due to practical pressures, limited resources and deadlines. They need to turn complex real events into formulaic, understandable, accessible and consumable items of media. A traditional and integral principal of journalism is the idea that it presents an account that is balanced, fact-checked, including context and not including the distortion of a journalists feelings. [[File:Sensitive news cycle.jpg|thumb|253x253px|'''Figure 3.''' The news cycle of "sensitive" content creation.]] However, journalists are not immune to the impact of news, and have different factors shaping their worldview and their understanding of particular circumstances, the same way every human does. It is almost impossible to have no bias in a piece. Seemingly small details in the way news is presented- like which parts of the story are included and excluded out of a large amount of information and footage- indicate subjectivity, even when two sides of a story are acknowledged (Beckett, 2015). As such, emotion has always been at the core of the way a journalist presents news to an audience, the reception of the audience and the way this feedback informs the presentation of the news segments that follow. This is represented in the news cycle of "sensitive" content creation (see '''Figure 3'''). The journalist inevitably creates an affective narrative following their professional process in interpreting the event. They then learn what the audience responds to, which tends to be the more emotional, flashy news portrayals{{f}}. The audience shares the news more when they feel emotionally driven to{{f}}. This feedback is adopted and used to appeal to the audience. Emotional stories are making people emotional, and emotional people are (invertedly) making emotional stories by their consumption indicating the value to the news provider of emotion in both the portrayal and reception of the news they shared (Beckett, 2015). This is demonstrated originally by [[w:yellow_journalism|yellow journalism]]. This term emerged in the 1980s when 2 New York-based newspapers were battling for the top spot. It is characterized by the tactical use of exaggerated headlines, unverified claims, partisan agendas, and a focus on topics like crime, scandal, sports, and violence {{g}} It is associated with exaggerating facts and spreading rumours, and yet produces results in favour of the news source (Kennedy, 2019). The push towards emotionally charged news combined with the increasingly difficult economic and attentional demand to fulfill may entice and ultimately influence journalists to compromise objectivity and integrity. === Ethics === Content distributed on social media platforms faces unique challenges within itself as these platforms accept very little responsibility for what takes place on them. Twitter, now known as X, has faced controversy for years over the showing of hateful and violent content{{f}}. Their responses have been largely slow, inadequate and in the interest of corporate success rather than morality{{f}}. After allowing racist and homophobic rhetoric and visually distressing depictions of gore for many years, X has only recently enacted stricter policies regarding hateful speech and imagery{{f}}. Prior to this, many users have reported seeing content intending to incite violence, even without seeking it out{{f}}. When shown to someone experiencing strong emotions in and emotional way, this has been successful. Journalists are additionally faced with increased efforts and decreased motivations to align with their ethical standards when it is socially acceptable, easier and more monetarily beneficial to stoop to level of misinformation and unnecessarily triggering negative emotions for more audience engagement (Sivek, 2018). '''Quiz''' <quiz display="simple"> {When did "yellow journalism" emerge? |type="()"} - 1970s + 1980s {Consuming more emotional news increases risk of heart attacks: |type="()"} + True - False </quiz> ==A big shift in the format of news== According to recent research conducted by the Australian Communications and Media Authority (2024), Australians are going to fewer sources to access news. In 2023, Australians used on average 3.1 different sources of news, down from 3.5 in 2022. It also found that more Australians are choosing [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2023/Social media engagement motivation|social media]] as their primary source of news content. 20% of Australians nominated social media as their main source of news in 2023, up from 17% in 2022. === Social media & technology === The increasing take-over of social media and modern technology mean the modern metric for news consumption are ”shares" and "likes", which rely heavily on audience approval and engagement, factors that are determined almost entirely by their emotions. This adaptation has created a shift from more formal reporting to the utilization of humor, convenience, relatability, popular figures and trends in media.{{f}} === Biases === Since social media is arguably a representation of oneself- via personalised profiles and the messages one chooses to project on them- people share the things that they believe are the “right answer” ([[w:_Participation_bias|participation bias]]) (Elston, 2021) or make them look better ([[w:_Social_desirability_bias|social desirability bias]]) (Nikolopoulou, 2022), which is not necessarily "the truth". Further, people may feel more driven to gain approval from others now than ever before due to lack of self-esteem or positive emotions induced by the increasingly hopeless and negative state of the world that the news paints a picture of. [[w:_Confirmation_bias|Confirmation bias]] (Simkus, 2023) is reinforced by the algorithms that monitor online activity by feeding users more and more of what they seem to like, regardless of the morality and validity of the information that's presented. === Misinformation and "the algorithm" === Online dialogue is more about affirming one’s own perspective than seeking accurate information. This puts people at risk of getting stuck in echo chambers projecting only more and more extreme versions of the things they "like" and connecting them to similar others who will reinforce the ideas during their interactions. The news one receives via devices, advertising and social media is delivered to them based on their emotions, and is designed to achieve higher user satisfaction and therefore higher user engagement. This means the more content one consumes presenting a particular ideology, the more they will be fed that content, causing them to thus grow deeper beliefs about and emotional connection to the idea and creating a dangerous cycle that can easily perpetuate [[w:_misinformation|misinformation]] (Beckett & Deuze, 2016). News that makes someone feel good, and therefore more driven to share it, may not necessarily be reliable facts. People generally are less receptive to information that challenges their beliefs. As data scientist Gilad Lotan wrote (2014): ''“The better we get at modeling user preferences, the more accurately we construct recommendation engines that fully capture user attention. In a way, we are building personalized propaganda engines that feed users content which makes them feel good and throws away the uncomfortable bits."'' == Relationships between emotion and news consumption == * There is a causal effect of negative and emotional words on news consumption. * Negativity in news increases physiological arousal and, as such, is more likely to be remembered by users. * Emotions are suggested to differentially impact judgement and perception, particularly of fake [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2018/Political psychology and emotion|political]] news.{{f}} === Negativity presented in news increases consumption === A study examining 105,000 different variations of news stories from "Upworthy.com" (that generated 5.7million clicks amongst 370 million overall impressions) found that even though positive words were slightly more prevalent than negative words, negative words in news headlines increased consumption rates (and positive words decreased consumption rates). For a headline of average length, each additional negative word increased the click-through rate by 2.3%. The effect of "fear" was significantly related to article consumption due to it creating a more memorable full-body response (Robertson et al., 2023). For example, news telling someone they may be in danger of contracting a virus will stimulate their awareness, monitoring and thus consumption of related news. Where a threat is perceived, more attention is drawn. {{g}} Which can lead news stories to imply a threat to an audience when there may not rationally be one. A longitudinal analysis conducted by Roazdo et al identified similar mechanisms. 23 million headlines from 47 popular news media outlets in the United States between 2000 and 2019 were processed using a Transformer language model. This model was designed to detect sentiment as positive or negative and to automatically categorise headlines according to Ekman’s 6 basic emotions- anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness and surprise- with an additional category of “neutral”. Results showed an increase of negative sentiment in headlines over time. A higher proportion of headlines represented anger, fear, disgust and sadness, while headlines considered neutral were shown to be reducing in frequency. Headlines denoting anger were, on average, more prevalent in right-leaning news companies and stories than left-leaning (Rozado et al., 2020). {{g}} Which confirms the dangerous political outcomes that can occur through the emotionality of a reader and the manipulation of emotion by a news outlet, especially when they have an agenda. Emotion clearly plays a very powerful role in today’s political climate. === Emotional states predict belief in fake news === In 1994, Bodenhausen et al discovered that anger elicits greater reliance on heuristic cues in a persuasion paradigm, whereas sadness promotes a decreased reliance. Literature on the relationship between emotion and gullibility generally observes that a negative mood can increases skepticism, whereas a positive mood increases gullibility and the ability to identity deception. Within the realm of political fake news, anger is believed to promote politically-aligned motivated belief in misinformation, and anxiety is seen to increase belief in politically incongruous fake news due to increased feelings of doubt that cloud their perception{{f}}. For instance, faith in institutions (such as the government or church) and one's general confidence (including when unwarranted and incorrect) in their information processing capacity are associated with belief in information and [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2023/Conspiracy theory motivation|conspiracy theories]] that contradict scientific research{{f}}. Anger and anxiety [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Subliminal priming and motivation|prime]] belief in and responses to news, especially when someone feels passionately about the’ topic as typically seen in politics (Martel et al, 2020). People don’t want to accept that the government, their religion or their own knowledge and analytic capacities are unfaithful, and this is something that can be easily harnessed or exploited in pushing a narrative{{f}}. A study released in 2020 utilized the [[w:positive_and_negative_syndrome_scale|PANSS (positive and negative syndrome scale)]]- a self-report medical resource used in the assessment of schizophrenia. For nearly every emotion evaluated on the scale, an increase correlated to an increase in belief in fake news. Furthermore, almost every emotion was found to have a significant interaction with the type of news headline in that greater emotionality also predicts decreased discernment between real and fake news. The only emotions that didn't produce significance for the context were "interested, alert, determined and attentive" which reflect the notion that emotions related more to analytic thinking than emotionality play an important role in critical evaluation of the validity of news presented, and consequently being able to correctly identify fake news (Martel et al., 2020). Delving deeper into emotions and decision making, people use an “affect heuristic” to form preferences{{f}}. People are automatically cognitively tasked with placing information into an affective frame of reference that combines emotion with facts in order to form preferences. The shaping of decisions through emotion operates in an interval so brief that it is possible for the person to have no recognition or recall of the stimulus- a time frame as short as 1/250^th of a second while scrolling is all it takes for one to have an emotional reaction or opinion{{f}}. Representations of emotion may only be subliminal{{g}} perceived, yet still affect an audience’s evaluation of the information. With the epidemic of provocative content, it is easy to be conditioned even by unconscious psychological processes to believe events went a different way than reality. Someone’s individual affect heuristic can be activated by emotion so easily that their analytical capacity can’t keep up (Sivek, 2018). Emotion consequently plays a facilitative role in the number of “informed citizens” in society- a number that must not fall too low for society to continue to function (Bas & Grabe, 2015). '''Quiz''' <quiz display="simple"> {Fear leads to increased news consumption: |type="()"} + True - False {Which headline is likely to get more attention? |type="()"} - "Cooking made easy: 10 minute meals to get you through Summer" + "Young woman tragically shot at Shopping Centre" </quiz> ==Conclusion== Emotion plays a crucial role in the presentation and consumption of news. Due to the evolving climate of technology, news and competition, reader attention is a limited resource and more extreme, tactical lengths are being gone to {{awkward}} in order to capture it. Negativity and fear attract consumption: Feedback journalists use to inform their future pieces{{g}}. Higher emotionality and faith in institution{{g}} mean less analytical thinking and higher susceptibility to believing fake news: {{g}} Which in itself is a factor driving further misinformation due to the workings of algorithms. Emotional news tends to gain more traction, particularly when it has a negative sentiment and invokes anger and fear. The future of news is bleak: Integrity will be fighting with more and more advanced and extreme versions of yellow journaling, and society will be filled with less informed citizens if the trends continue {{ic|bold claims!}}, potentially having huge political and economic effects. More regulations around news platforms and news sharing need to be established. News programs about misinformation should be shown more often and can be strategically appealing to the emotion of the audience by listing the shocking potential global outcomes of fake news and the utility of critical thinking. Media companies should be required to state their sources and admit that they cannot guarantee 100% factual basis. Workshops in schools and on social media before you can access the app or pass the subject on identifying falsehoods and using analytical tools when processing information could be helpful, as well as increasing practices of mindfulness to avoid incorrect subliminal ideas being formed by becoming more aware (Sivek, 2018). {{tip|"For most folks, no news is good news; for the press, good news is not news" - Gloria Borger, 1952.}} ==See also== * [[w:_advertising|Advertising]] (Wikipedia) * [[w:_Confirmation_bias|Confirmation bias]] (Wikipedia) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Conspiracy theory motivation|Conspiracy theory motivation]] (Book chapter, 2020) * [[w:_misinformation|Misinformation]] (Wikipedia) * [[w:_Participation_bias|Participation bias]] (Wikipedia) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2018/Political psychology and emotion|Political psychology and emotion]] (Book chapter, 2018) * [[w:positive_and_negative_syndrome_scale|Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale]] (Wikipedia) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Positive education|Positive education]] (Book chapter, 2019) * [[w:racism|Racism]] (Wikipedia) * [[w:_Social_desirability_bias|Social desirability bias]] (Wikipedia) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2023/Social media engagement motivation|Social media engagement motivation]] (Book chapter, 2023) * [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Subliminal priming and motivation|Subliminal priming and motivation]] (Book chapter, 2020) * [[w:_yellow_journalism|Yellow journalism]] (Wikipedia) ==References== {{Hanging indent|1= Australin{{sp}} Communications and Media Authority. (2024, February 21) ''ACMA research reveals Australian news consumption trends''. Australian Government. https://www.acma.gov.au/articles/2024-02/acma-research-reveals-australian-news-consumption-trends Bas, O., & Grabe, M. E. (2015). Emotion-Provoking Personalization of News: Informing Citizens and Closing the Knowledge Gap? ''Communication Research'', 42(2), 159-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650213514602 Beckett, C. (2015, September 10). ''How journalism is turning emotional and what that might mean for news''. The London School Of Economics And Political Science. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/polis/2015/09/10/how-journalism-is-turning-emotional-and-what-that-might-mean-for-news/ Beckett, C., & Deuze, M. (2016). On the Role of Emotion in the Future of Journalism. ''Social Media + Society'', 2(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116662395 Elston, D. M. (2021). Participation bias, self-selection bias, and response bias. ''Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology''. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.025 Global Affairs Explained. (n.d.). ''6 Reasons Why The News Is Important''. Retrieved August 20, 2024, from https://globalaffairsexplained.com/why-news-important/ Gorvett, Z. (2020, May 13). ''How the news changes the way we think and behave''. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200512-how-the-news-changes-the-way-we-think-and-behave Ingram, D., & Henshall, P. (2008). ''What is news? Famous quotes on journalism''. The News Manual. https://thenewsmanual.net/Resources/what_is_news_00.htm Kennedy, L. (2019, August 22). ''Did Yellow Journalism Fuel the Outbreak of the Spanish American War''. History. https://www.history.com/news/spanish-american-war-yellow-journalism-hearst-pulitzer Lotan, G. (2014, August 4). ''Israel, Gaza, War & Data – The Art of Personalizing Propaganda''. Global Voices. https://globalvoices.org/2014/08/04/israel-gaza-war-data-the-art-of-personalizing-propaganda/ Martel, C., Pennycook, G. & Rand, D. G. (2020). Reliance on emotion promotes belief in fake news. ''Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications'', 5(47). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-020-00252-3 Moench, M. (2023. December 22). ''The Internet’s Newest Sensation is Neil the Seal From Tasmania''. Time. https://time.com/6550164/neil-the-seal-tasmania-background-instagram-tiktok/ Nikolopoulou (2022, June 24). ''What is Social Desirability Bias: Definition & Examples''. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/research-bias/social-desirability-bias/ Reach Out. (n.d.). ''The news and critical thinking: Why is it important?'' Retrieved August 20, 2024, from https://au.reachout.com/challenges-and-coping/the-big-issues/the-news-and-critical-thinking-why-is-it-important Reese, S. (2016). Theories of Journalism. ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication''. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.83 Robertson, C. E., Pröllochs, N., Schwarzenegger, K., et al. (2023). Negativity drives online news consumption. ''Nature Human Behaviour'', 7, 812-822. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01538-4 Rozado, D., Hughes, R. & Halberstadt, J. (2022). Longitudinal analysis of sentiment and emotion in news media headlines using automated labelling with Transformer language models. ''Plos One'',17(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276367 Simkus, J. (2023, June 22). ''Confirmation Bias In Psychology: Definition & Examples''. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/confirmation-bias.html Sivek, S. C. (2018). Both Facts and Feelings: Emotion and News Literacy. ''Journal of Media Literacy Education,'' 10(2), 123 – 138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650213514602 }} ==External links== * [https://www.acma.gov.au/articles/2024-02/acma-research-reveals-australian-news-consumption-trends ACMA research reveals Australian news consumption trends] (Australian Communications and Media Authority) * [https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/polis/2015/09/10/how-journalism-is-turning-emotional-and-what-that-might-mean-for-news/ How journalism is turning emotional and what that might mean for news] (The London School of Economics and Political Science) * [https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200512-how-the-news-changes-the-way-we-think-and-behave How the news changes the way we think and behave] (BBC) * [https://globalvoices.org/2014/08/04/israel-gaza-war-data-the-art-of-personalizing-propaganda/ Israel, Gaza, war and data: The art of personalisng propaganda] (Global voices) * [https://au.reachout.com/challenges-and-coping/the-big-issues/the-news-and-critical-thinking-why-is-it-important The news and critical thinking: Why is it important?] (Reach Out) * [https://thenewsmanual.net/Resources/what_is_news_00.htm What is news? Famous quotes on journalism] (The News Manual) * [https://globalaffairsexplained.com/why-news-important/ 6 reasons why the news is important] (Global Affairs Explained) [[Category:{{#titleparts:{{PAGENAME}}|3}}]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Cognitive]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Book/Emotion]] 0ny2fd6tnx47nxro82w66w38l1rnmac 1 307535 2688857 2683401 2024-11-26T03:04:14Z Jtneill 10242 Book chapter feedback 2688857 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # Basic, 1-level heading structure – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure <!-- Other ---> # Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with up to a similar number of sub-headings for large sections |3= <!-- Overview--> <!-- Scenario --> # A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section. Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest. <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is provided <!-- Focus questions --> # Focus questions are aligned with sub-title and top-level headings |4= <!-- Key points--> # Excellent – key points are well developed for each section, with relevant citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Promising balance of theory and research <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion (the most important section): ## Well developed |5= <!-- Figure --> # The default figure(s) is/are presented and captioned <!-- Caption --> # The figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text <!-- Cite --> # Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1) |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # Include in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to other relevant book chapters (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]) <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Promising use of one or more scenarios/examples/case studies <!-- Quiz --> # Consider including one or more quiz question(s) about the take-home messages <!-- Tables --> # Excellent use of one or more tables |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Excellent <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses <!-- Suggestions --> # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]] |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Excellent <!-- External links --> # External links ## Excellent |9= <!-- User page --> # Basic – minimal, but sufficient <!-- Description about self --> # Brief description about self – consider expanding <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # One out of three types of contributions made with with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making: ## comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]] ## posts about the unit or project on other platforms such as the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum or on [https://x.com X] using the {{Motivation and emotion/Hashtag}} # Suggestions such as [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2023%2FMultiple_selves_theory%2C_motivation%2C_and_emotion&diff=2646236&oldid=2641523 this edit] are best placed on talk pages }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 05:40, 27 August 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is a very good presentation |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening conveys the purpose of the presentation in a reasonably good way. The example could be more simple. The conclusion of the presentation could work well as the introduction. <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # The presentation uses an example to provide a basic introduction to engage audience interest <!-- Overview - Context --> # A context for the presentation is established <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Consider asking focus questions to help focus and discipline the presentation |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # An appropriate amount of content is presented — not too much or too little <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes basic use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes basic use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes good use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation provides basic practical advice |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Summary and take-aways --> # The conclusion provides a basic summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides basic take-home message(s) <!-- Conclusion - Time --> # The Conclusion only partly fitted within the time limit # The Conclusion did not fit within the time limit |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Consider slowing down and leaving longer pauses between sentences. This can help the listener to cognitively process the information that has just been presented before moving on to the next point. <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Reasonably good [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration is well practiced and/or performed <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was excellent <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is very good <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes very good use of text and image based slides <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # The font size is sufficiently large to make it easy to read <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented per slide makes it easy to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication is supplemented in a very good way by relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is well produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The correct title and sub-title (or an abbreviation to fit within the 100 character limit) are used in the name of the presentation — this helps to clearly convey the purpose of the presentation <!-- Meta-data - Description --> # A good written description of the presentation is provided. Consider expanding. # Excellent use of timestamps <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # Links to and from the book chapter are provided |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Images --> # Image sources and their copyright status are communicated # Provide clickable links to the image sources and license details (e.g., in the description) <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is clearly indicated }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 02:21, 11 November 2024 (UTC) == Heading casing == {| style="float: center; background:transparent;" |- | [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]] | {{#if:|Hi [[User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:<br> <big><big>Self-determination theory</big></big> rather than <big><big>Self-Determination Theory</big></big> Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 03:04, 26 November 2024 (UTC) |} <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FTheoretical_domains_framework&diff=2688856&oldid=2681520 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image (fixed) <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant) |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information # The table is overly long <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent review of relevant research <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Very good [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent integration between theory and research |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent summary and conclusion |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Well captioned ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent APA style: |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Very good use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Reasonably good use of figure(s) # Very good use of adding table(s) # Very good use of feature box(es) # Excellent use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Good use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent use of interwiki links in the "See also" section <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent use of external links in the "External links" section |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~45 logged, useful, mostly moderate contributions with direct links to evidence # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 03:04, 26 November 2024 (UTC) ain0dbuxjrxmhip7jicimw73mj2qw6q 2688858 2688857 2024-11-26T03:05:12Z Jtneill 10242 2688858 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # Basic, 1-level heading structure – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure <!-- Other ---> # Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with up to a similar number of sub-headings for large sections |3= <!-- Overview--> <!-- Scenario --> # A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section. Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest. <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is provided <!-- Focus questions --> # Focus questions are aligned with sub-title and top-level headings |4= <!-- Key points--> # Excellent – key points are well developed for each section, with relevant citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Promising balance of theory and research <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion (the most important section): ## Well developed |5= <!-- Figure --> # The default figure(s) is/are presented and captioned <!-- Caption --> # The figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text <!-- Cite --> # Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1) |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # Include in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to other relevant book chapters (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]) <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Promising use of one or more scenarios/examples/case studies <!-- Quiz --> # Consider including one or more quiz question(s) about the take-home messages <!-- Tables --> # Excellent use of one or more tables |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Excellent <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses <!-- Suggestions --> # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]] |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Excellent <!-- External links --> # External links ## Excellent |9= <!-- User page --> # Basic – minimal, but sufficient <!-- Description about self --> # Brief description about self – consider expanding <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # One out of three types of contributions made with with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making: ## comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]] ## posts about the unit or project on other platforms such as the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum or on [https://x.com X] using the {{Motivation and emotion/Hashtag}} # Suggestions such as [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2023%2FMultiple_selves_theory%2C_motivation%2C_and_emotion&diff=2646236&oldid=2641523 this edit] are best placed on talk pages }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 05:40, 27 August 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is a very good presentation |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening conveys the purpose of the presentation in a reasonably good way. The example could be more simple. The conclusion of the presentation could work well as the introduction. <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # The presentation uses an example to provide a basic introduction to engage audience interest <!-- Overview - Context --> # A context for the presentation is established <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Consider asking focus questions to help focus and discipline the presentation |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # An appropriate amount of content is presented — not too much or too little <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes basic use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes basic use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes good use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation provides basic practical advice |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Summary and take-aways --> # The conclusion provides a basic summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides basic take-home message(s) <!-- Conclusion - Time --> # The Conclusion only partly fitted within the time limit # The Conclusion did not fit within the time limit |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Consider slowing down and leaving longer pauses between sentences. This can help the listener to cognitively process the information that has just been presented before moving on to the next point. <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Reasonably good [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration is well practiced and/or performed <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was excellent <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is very good <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes very good use of text and image based slides <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # The font size is sufficiently large to make it easy to read <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented per slide makes it easy to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication is supplemented in a very good way by relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is well produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The correct title and sub-title (or an abbreviation to fit within the 100 character limit) are used in the name of the presentation — this helps to clearly convey the purpose of the presentation <!-- Meta-data - Description --> # A good written description of the presentation is provided. Consider expanding. # Excellent use of timestamps <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # Links to and from the book chapter are provided |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Images --> # Image sources and their copyright status are communicated # Provide clickable links to the image sources and license details (e.g., in the description) <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is clearly indicated }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 02:21, 11 November 2024 (UTC) == Heading casing == {| style="float: center; background:transparent;" |- | [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]] | {{#if:|Hi [[User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:<br> <big><big>Self-determination theory</big></big> rather than <big><big>Self-Determination Theory</big></big> Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 03:04, 26 November 2024 (UTC) |} <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FTheoretical_domains_framework&diff=2688856&oldid=2681520 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image (fixed) <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant) |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information # The table is overly long <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent review of relevant research <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Very good [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent integration between theory and research |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent summary and conclusion |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Well captioned ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent APA style: |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Very good use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Reasonably good use of figure(s) # Very good use of adding table(s) # Very good use of feature box(es) # Excellent use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Good use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent use of interwiki links in the "See also" section <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent use of external links in the "External links" section |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~45 logged, useful, mostly moderate contributions with direct links to evidence # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 03:04, 26 November 2024 (UTC) ra584ms3qz2faf9e8yz7ce44mk1oaq7 2688859 2688858 2024-11-26T03:05:56Z Jtneill 10242 2688859 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # Basic, 1-level heading structure – could benefit from further development, perhaps using a 2-level structure <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Excellent alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and heading structure <!-- Other ---> # Aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Overview and Conclusion, with up to a similar number of sub-headings for large sections |3= <!-- Overview--> <!-- Scenario --> # A scenario or case study is presented in a feature box at the start of this section. Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest. <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is provided <!-- Focus questions --> # Focus questions are aligned with sub-title and top-level headings |4= <!-- Key points--> # Excellent – key points are well developed for each section, with relevant citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Promising balance of theory and research <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion (the most important section): ## Well developed |5= <!-- Figure --> # The default figure(s) is/are presented and captioned <!-- Caption --> # The figure caption(s) could better explain how the image connects to key points being made in the main text <!-- Cite --> # Cite each figure at least once in the main text using APA style (e.g., see Figure 1) |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # Include in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to other relevant book chapters (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]) <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Promising use of one or more scenarios/examples/case studies <!-- Quiz --> # Consider including one or more quiz question(s) about the take-home messages <!-- Tables --> # Excellent use of one or more tables |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Excellent <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Well done on identifying relevant systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses <!-- Suggestions --> # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]] |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Excellent <!-- External links --> # External links ## Excellent |9= <!-- User page --> # Basic – minimal, but sufficient <!-- Description about self --> # Brief description about self – consider expanding <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # One out of three types of contributions made with with direct link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making: ## comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]] ## posts about the unit or project on other platforms such as the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum or on [https://x.com X] using the {{Motivation and emotion/Hashtag}} # Suggestions such as [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2023%2FMultiple_selves_theory%2C_motivation%2C_and_emotion&diff=2646236&oldid=2641523 this edit] are best placed on talk pages }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 05:40, 27 August 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is a very good presentation |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening conveys the purpose of the presentation in a reasonably good way. The example could be more simple. The conclusion of the presentation could work well as the introduction. <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # The presentation uses an example to provide a basic introduction to engage audience interest <!-- Overview - Context --> # A context for the presentation is established <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Consider asking focus questions to help focus and discipline the presentation |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # An appropriate amount of content is presented — not too much or too little <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes basic use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes basic use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes good use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation provides basic practical advice |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Summary and take-aways --> # The conclusion provides a basic summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides basic take-home message(s) <!-- Conclusion - Time --> # The Conclusion only partly fitted within the time limit # The Conclusion did not fit within the time limit |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Consider slowing down and leaving longer pauses between sentences. This can help the listener to cognitively process the information that has just been presented before moving on to the next point. <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Reasonably good [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration is well practiced and/or performed <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was excellent <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is very good <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes very good use of text and image based slides <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # The font size is sufficiently large to make it easy to read <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented per slide makes it easy to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication is supplemented in a very good way by relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is well produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The correct title and sub-title (or an abbreviation to fit within the 100 character limit) are used in the name of the presentation — this helps to clearly convey the purpose of the presentation <!-- Meta-data - Description --> # A good written description of the presentation is provided. Consider expanding. # Excellent use of timestamps <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # Links to and from the book chapter are provided |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Images --> # Image sources and their copyright status are communicated # Provide clickable links to the image sources and license details (e.g., in the description) <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is clearly indicated }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 02:21, 11 November 2024 (UTC) == Heading casing == {| style="float: center; background:transparent;" |- | [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]] | {{#if:|Hi [[User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:<br> <big><big>Self-determination theory</big></big> rather than <big><big>Self-Determination Theory</big></big> Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 03:04, 26 November 2024 (UTC) |} <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FTheoretical_domains_framework&diff=2688856&oldid=2681520 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image (fixed) <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant) |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information # The table is overly long <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent review of relevant research <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Very good [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent integration between theory and research |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent summary and conclusion |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Well captioned ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent APA style: |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Very good use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Reasonably good use of figure(s) # Very good use of adding table(s) # Very good use of feature box(es) # Excellent use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Good use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent use of interwiki links in the "See also" section <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent use of external links in the "External links" section |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~45 logged, useful, mostly moderate contributions with direct links to evidence # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 03:04, 26 November 2024 (UTC) nqa7r4w1vxu5d8bsoktqytxyypsllbz 1 307608 2688873 2683398 2024-11-26T06:11:14Z Jtneill 10242 Book chapter feedback 2688873 wikitext text/x-wiki == Heading casing == {| style="float: center; background:transparent;" |- | [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]] | {{#if:U3243357|Hi [[User:U3243357|U3243357]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:<br> <big><big>Self-determination theory</big></big> rather than <big><big>Self-Determination Theory</big></big> Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 06:11, 26 November 2024 (UTC) |} <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|Heading casing]] # Promising 2-level heading structure – could benefit from further development and/or refinement # Influence and impacts seem like the same thing; consider combining <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but aim for closer alignment <!-- Other ---> # The Overview and Conclusion should not have sub-headings |3= <!-- Overview--> # Promising # Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity. <!-- Scenario --> # Add an image to the scenario; uploaded image was deleted due to lack of sufficient copyright information <!-- Description --> # Simplify/abbreviate the description of the problem/topic. Move detail into subsequent sections. # Use 3rd person perspective (except 1st/2nd person can work for feature boxes/scenarios) <!-- Focus questions --> # Reasonably good alignment between focus questions and heading structure, but consider closer alignment # Use bullet-points (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]]) |4= <!-- Key points--> # Excellent – key points are well developed for each section <!-- Citations --> # Excellent use of citations # Move links to citations to the References (use dois) <!-- Theory and research --> # Good balance of theory and research <!-- Other --> # Use [https://www.aresearchguide.com/write-in-third-person.html 3rd person perspective], although a case study or feature box could use 1st or 2nd person perspective # Consider using the [https://unicanberra.instructure.com/courses/15707/external_tools/262?display=borderless Studiosity] service and/or a service like [https://www.grammarly.com/ Grammarly] to help improve the quality of written expression such as checking grammatical and spelling errors <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion is underway # What might the take-home, practical messages be? (What are the answer(s) to the question(s) in the sub-title and/or focus questions?) |5= <!-- Figure --> # A relevant figure is not presented and cited (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]) # The uploaded figure was deleted due to lack of sufficient copyright information (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 3]]) |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # Excellent use of in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to other relevant book chapters <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Promising use of one or more scenarios/examples/case studies <!-- Quiz --> # Excellent use of quiz question(s) <!-- Tables --> # Also consider using one or more tables to summarise key information |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Very good <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Are there any systematic reviews about this topic? <!-- Suggestions --> # Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to External links # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## capitalisation ## page numbers should be separated by an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Not developed – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]) <!-- External links --> # External links ## Not developed – needs work (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 2]]) |9= <!-- User page --> # Good <!-- Description about self --> # Brief description about self – consider expanding <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # None summarised on user page with direct link(s) to evidence (see [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Physiological needs#Social contributions|Tutorial 03]]). Looking ahead to the book chapter submission, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Socialcontribution|social contributions]]. }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 04:29, 1 September 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is a good presentation |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening conveys the purpose of the presentation in a reasonably good way <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # The presentation has a basic introduction to engage audience interest <!-- Overview - Context --> # A context for the presentation is established through an example <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Focus questions and/or an outline of topics are presented |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # An appropriate amount of content is presented — not too much or too little <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes very good use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes basic use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes insufficient/no use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes basic use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation provides good practical advice <!-- Content - Easy to understand --> # The presentation provides easy to understand information |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Summary and take-aways --> # The conclusion provides a very good summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides reasonably good take-home message(s) |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Audio communication is reasonably well-paced # Consider slowing down and leaving longer pauses between sentences. This can help the listener to cognitively process the information that has just been presented before moving on to the next point. <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Reasonably good [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration is reasonably well practiced and/or performed <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was poor # The audio at the start of each slide appears to be cut off <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is very good <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes very good use of text and image based slides <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # The font size is sufficiently large to make it easy to read # Consider increasing line spacing to make the text easier to read <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented per slide makes it easy to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication is supplemented in good/ way by relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is well produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The correct title is used, but the sub-title (or a shortened version of it) is not used, as the name of the presentation. This would help to convey the purpose of the presentation and be consistent. <!-- Meta-data - Description --> # A brief written description of the presentation is provided. Expand. <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # A link to the book chapter is not provided # A link from the book chapter is provided <!-- Meta-data - Kids --> # The presentation is incorrectly categorised as being for kids. This creates limitations, such as being unable to add the presentation to a playlist. [https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/9528076 More info]. |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Images --> # Image sources and their copyright status are communicated # Provide clickable links to the image sources and license details (e.g., in the description) <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is in the description but not in the license field }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 01:59, 11 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes excellent use of psychological theory, basic use of research, and insufficient use of learning features to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Good use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FEmotion_and_time_perception&diff=2688872&oldid=2683399 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant) |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Very good depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Reasonably good review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Some claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Reasonably good integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Good summary and conclusion # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is good <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – APA style --> ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Add captions ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use very good [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use very good APA style: ### Check and correct use of italicisation |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Insufficient use of figure(s) # No use of table(s) # Basic use of feature box(es) # Excellent use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Basic use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Insufficient use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Include links to relevant Wikipedia articles ## Add more links <!-- Learning features – External links --> # No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Move Wikipedia links to See also ## Add more links |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 06:11, 26 November 2024 (UTC) kfpwyx9v9qo175qptefwx4p59cuupfo 1 307639 2688901 2683408 2024-11-26T10:36:40Z Jtneill 10242 Book chapter feedback 2688901 wikitext text/x-wiki == Heading casing == {| style="float: center; background:transparent;" |- | [[File:Crystal Clear app ktip.svg|48px|left]] | {{#if:Sophiedriscoll|Hi [[User:Sophiedriscoll|Sophiedriscoll]].|}} FYI, the recommended [[Wikiversity]] heading style uses [[w:Letter case#Sentence_case|sentence casing]]. For example:<br> <big><big>Self-determination theory</big></big> rather than <big><big>Self-Determination Theory</big></big> Here's an example chapter with correct heading casing: [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2019/Growth mindset development|Growth mindset development]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 01:11, 12 October 2024 (UTC) |} :Thank you so much for that, James! I will definitely change this before my chapter is due, just a force of habit ':D :I'm also wondering as there doesn't seem to be a specific number on the book chapter information or rubric, but is there a specific amount of social contributions we need to have in our book chapter, as opposed to our topic development which just needed 3? If it depends and isn't definitive, that's fine, just wondering if I missed an actual number. Also wondering this for 'see also' and 'external links' amounts. [[User:Sophiedriscoll|Sophiedriscoll]] ([[User talk:Sophiedriscoll|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophiedriscoll|contribs]]) 04:50, 12 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi Sophie, ::If you haven't already, check out the social contributions guidelines for the book chapter assessment exercise here: [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Social contribution (10%)]]. Feel free to ask follow-up questions. ::Sincerely, ::James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 02:48, 13 October 2024 (UTC) :Also wondering (just while you're here I hope it's okay if I ask a few questions, just ignore if not), I prefer to capitalise Autism but would it be better to just not capitalise it, or say ASD instead? Also, I have definitely picked a very niche topic with not much research on it, specifically, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Should I make it a point to say this in my chapter so you know I would include it if there were any? There's not much research at all on this topic besides just the different things that can influence motivation like PDA, executive function etc.. I'm doing my best with this, but it's a bit tricky. :Sorry for the questions, I hope its okay for me to ask. Hope you're having a nice weekend and no worries if you can't get back to me. Thanks James [[User:Sophiedriscoll|Sophiedriscoll]] ([[User talk:Sophiedriscoll|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophiedriscoll|contribs]]) 04:58, 12 October 2024 (UTC) ::Hi Sophie, ::APA style is a "down" style, so autism wouldn't be capitalised. More info: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization. ::I suggest clarifying the similarities/differences for autism vs. ASD but this is only relevant to the extent that this distinction helps to understand motivation. ::The task is to synthesise what is known about the topic based on psychological science. Where the science may be lacking, then provide critical analysis to point this out (e.g., the current warning box of the top could be integrated into the main content). ::This article may be of interest: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6143096/ ::Sincerely, ::James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 03:00, 13 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # See earlier comment about [[#heading casing|Heading casing]] # Excellent – Well developed 2-level heading structure. Meaningful headings clearly relate directly to the core topic. <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings <!-- Other ---> # Use default heading formatting (i.e., avoid bold, italics, underline, changing the size etc.) # Remove trailing colons # Remove [[wikit|acronym#Noun|acronym]]s from headings |3= <!-- Overview--> # Under-developed <!-- Scenario --> # Move the scenario or case study into a feature box (with an image) to the start of this section to help catch reader interest <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is planned <!-- Focus questions --> # Present focus questions in a feature box at the end of this section |4= <!-- Key points--> # Promising development of key points <!-- Citations --> # Excellent use of citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Promising balance of theory and research # Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples <!-- Other --> # For sections which include sub-sections, include the key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings # ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Then focus most of the content on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title. <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion (the most important section) hasn't been developed # What might the take-home, practical messages be? (What are the answer(s) to the question(s) in the sub-title and/or focus questions?) |5= <!-- Figure --> # One or more relevant figure(s) presented and captioned <!-- Caption --> # The figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text <!-- Cite --> # Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text <!-- Size --> # Consider increasing image size from to make it easier to view |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to relevant book chapters <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Excellent use of one or more scenarios/examples/case studies <!-- Quiz --> # Promising use of quiz question(s) # Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages for each focus question <!-- Tables --> # Also consider using one or more tables to summarise key information |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Good <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Are there any systematic reviews about this topic? <!-- Suggestions --> # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## capitalisation ## [[Help:Wikitext quick reference|italicisation]] ## make doi hyperlinks active (i.e., clickable) |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Excellent <!-- External links --> # External links ## One of two required external links provided |9= <!-- User page --> # Very good <!-- Description about self --> # Description about self provided <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> # One out of three types of contributions made with with ''direct'' link(s) to evidence. The other types of contribution are making: # To add direct links to evidence of Wikiversity edits or comments: view the page history, select the version of the page before and after your contributions, click "compare selected revisions", and paste the comparison URL on your user page. For more info, see [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising social contributions|Making and summarising social contributions]]. This was demonstrated in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]]. # Use a numbered list (see Tutorial 2) }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 06:27, 3 September 2024 (UTC) ==Word count== {{ping|Sophiedriscoll}} Note that the current version is approx. 5,000 words, so is over the maximum 4,000 word count. Usually the key is to cut down on definitional/background conceptualisation and narrow the focus to addressing the sub-title question. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 03:33, 14 October 2024 (UTC) {{MEMF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments ... --> <!-- Overall - Overall --> # Overall, this is an excellent presentation |2= <!-- Overview comments ... --> <!-- Overview - Opening --> # The opening clearly conveys the purpose of the presentation <!-- Overview - Introduction --> # Very engaging introduction to hook audience interest <!-- Overview - Context --> # A context for the presentation is clearly established through an example <!-- Overview - Focus --> # Consider asking focus questions to help focus and discipline the presentation |3= <!-- Content comments ... --> # Comments about the book chapter may also apply to this section <!-- Content - Addresses topic --> # The presentation addresses the topic <!-- Content - Amount --> # An appropriate amount of content is presented — not too much or too little <!-- Content - Theory --> # The presentation makes very good use of relevant psychological theory <!-- Content - Research --> # The presentation makes insufficient/no use of relevant psychological research <!-- Content - Citations --> # The presentation makes insufficient/no use of citations to support claims <!-- Content - Examples --> # The presentation makes reasonably good use of examples <!-- Content - Practical advice --> # The presentation provides useful practical advice <!-- Content - Easy to understand --> # The presentation provides easy to understand information |4= <!-- Conclusion comments ... --> <!-- Conclusion - Summary and take-aways --> # The conclusion provides an excellent summary of the most relevant psychological theory and research about this topic # The conclusion provides excellent take-home message(s) |5= <!-- Audio comments ... --> <!-- Audio - Easy to follow --> # The audio is easy to follow and interesting to listen to <!-- Audio - Narration --> # The presentation makes very good use of narrated audio <!-- Audio - Pacing --> # Audio communication is well-paced <!-- Audio - Voice --> # Very good [[w:Intonation (linguistics)|intonation]] <!-- Audio - Practice --> # The narration is well practiced and/or performed <!-- Audio - Recording quality --> # Audio recording quality was very good # Probably an on-board microphone was used (e.g., keyboard and/or mouse clicks were audible). Consider using an external microphone. <!-- Audio - Topic --> # The narrated [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |6= <!-- Video comments ... --> <!-- Video - Overall --> # Overall, visual display quality is very good <!-- Video - Video, Image, Text --> # The presentation makes very good use of text and image based slides <!-- Video - Text - Font --> # The font size is mostly sufficiently large to make it easy to read # Some of the font size could be larger to make it easier to read <!-- Video - Text - Amount --> # The amount of text presented per slide makes it mostly easy to read and listen at the same time # The amount of text presented on one or more slides could be reduced to make it easier to read and listen at the same time <!-- Video - Images --> # The visual communication is supplemented in a very good way by relevant images and/or diagrams <!-- Video - Production --> # The presentation is well/ produced using simple tools <!-- Video - Topic --> # The visual [[#Content|content]] is well matched to the target topic |7= <!-- Meta-data comments ... --> <!-- Meta-data - Title/sub-title --> # The correct title and sub-title (or an abbreviation to fit within the 100 character limit) are used in the name of the presentation — this helps to clearly convey the purpose of the presentation <!-- Meta-data - Description --> # An excellent written description of the presentation is provided # Very good use of time codes <!-- Meta-data - Links --> # Links to and from the book chapter are provided |8= <!-- Licensing comments ... --> <!-- Licensing - Images --> # Image sources and their copyright status are communicated <!-- Licensing - Presentation --> # A copyright license for the presentation is clearly indicated }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 05:01, 11 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes excellent use of psychological theory and insufficient use of research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FAutism_and_motivation&diff=2688900&oldid=2678114 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are very good |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/ use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent summary and conclusion # Key points are well summarised # Add practical, take-home message(s) |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words #<!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use very good [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use good APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Very good use of figure(s) # Very good use of table(s) # Basic use of feature box(es) # Excellent use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Very good use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent use of external links in the "External links" section |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~5 logged, useful, moderate contributions with direct links to evidence }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 10:36, 26 November 2024 (UTC) aq35ahxf1eqrkyf93brxjzbgq40u9m3 1 307640 2688879 2663984 2024-11-26T07:05:44Z Jtneill 10242 Book chapter feedback 2688879 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Official topic development feedback --> {{METF/2024 |1= <!-- Title --> # The title and sub-title are correctly worded and formatted |2= <!-- Headings --> # Promising 2-level heading structure – would benefit from further development and/or refinement # Some headings lack sufficient relevance to the topic; zero in news and emotion; general stuff about news or emotion as separate concepts is not relevant. Provide links out to more info about these concepts. <!-- Alignment with focus questions --> # Develop closer alignment between sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings <!-- Other ---> # Cover definition(s) in the Overview and/or subsequent sections with embedded inter-wiki link(s) to further information. |3= <!-- Overview--> # Excellent – Scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions # Very good # Good # Basic # Insufficient # Does this section include [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI content]]? If so, it needs to be acknowledged as such in the edit summaries, otherwise it violates academic integrity. # Hasn't been developed – Needs scenario, image, evocative description of the problem/topic, and focus questions <!-- Scenario --> # Add an image to the scenario to help attract reader interest <!-- Description --> # A brief, evocative description of the problem/topic is provided <!-- Focus questions --> # Only a few of the suggestion questions are relevant from a psychological science perspective; refine focus # Closer alignment between the sub-title, focus questions, and top-level headings is recommended |4= <!-- Key points--> # Promising development of key points # The latter half is more relevant/appropriate than the first half <!-- Citations --> # Excellent use of citations <!-- Theory and research --> # Strive for an integrated balance of the best psychological theory and research about this topic, with practical examples <!-- Other --> # For sections which include sub-sections, include the key points for an overview paragraph prior to branching into the sub-headings # ''Avoid providing too much background information''. Aim to briefly summarise general concepts and provide internal links to relevant book chapters and/or Wikipedia pages for further information. Then focus most of the content on ''directly answering the core question(s)'' posed by the chapter sub-title. # Adopt a neutral, scientific stance; this is not an argumentative essay <!-- Conclusion --> # Conclusion is underway |5= <!-- Figure --> # Excellent - One or more relevant figure(s) presented, captioned, and cited <!-- Caption --> # The figure caption(s) provide(s) a clear, appropriately detailed description that is meaningfully connected with the main text <!-- Cite --> # Figure(s) are cited at least once in the main text |6= <!-- Learning feature --> <!-- Interwiki links ---> # Excellent in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] for the first mention of key terms to relevant Wikipedia articles and/or to relevant book chapters <!-- Examples/case studies --> # Promising use of one or more scenarios/examples/case studies <!-- Quiz --> # Promising use of quiz question(s) # Focus the quiz question(s) on the take-home messages for each focus question <!-- Tables --> # Also consider using one or more tables to summarise key information |7= <!-- References --> <!-- Overall --> # Basic <!-- Systematic reviews --> # Are there any systematic reviews about this topic? <!-- Suggestions --> # Move non-academic / non-peer reviewed sources to External links # Check and correct [https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf APA referencing style]: ## capitalisation ## include page numbers |8= <!-- Resources --> <!-- See also --> # See also ## Excellent <!-- External links --> # External links ## Excellent |9= <!-- User page --> # Very good <!-- Description about self --> # Description about self provided <!-- Links to profile(s) --> # Consider linking to your [https://portfolio.canberra.edu.au/ eportfolio] page and/or any other professional online profile or resume such as [https://www.linkedin.com/ LinkedIn]. This is not required, but it can be useful to interlink your professional networks. <!-- Link to book chapter --> # A link to the book chapter is provided |10= <!-- Social contribution --> #* direct improvements to other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]] #* comments on the [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]s of other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters (past or current)]] #* posts about the unit or project on other platforms such as the {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} discussion forum or on [https://x.com X] using the {{Motivation and emotion/Hashtag}} }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 06:40, 3 September 2024 (UTC) == Feedback == Hi @[[User:Annabel32020|Annabel32020]] I Just read through your chapter and I thought I thought it might be interesting to talk about the impacts that news has on our wellbeing, specifically when it comes to social media/online news consumption. If its something your interested in exploring for your chapter I've provided a source to get you started, the DOI is below. * https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2021.2021105 great work on the chapter so far. [[User:U3230258|U3230258]] ([[User talk:U3230258|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/U3230258|contribs]]) 00:11, 6 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter # The chapter provides a somewhat journalistic/sociological perspective and makes some claims which are not supported by peer-reviewed citations; to improve, focus on synthesising the best psychological theory and research about this topic (news and emotion) and make greater use of peer-reviewed citations to support claims being made ## <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Motivation_and_emotion%2FBook%2F2024%2FNews_and_emotion&diff=2688877&oldid=2687831 these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image (fixed) <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant) |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Very good depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Basic use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Reasonably good use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Good review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Reasonably good [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Reasonably good integration between theory and research |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Reasonably good summary and conclusion # Makes some overly bold claims; instead, objectively summarise the best psychological science about the topic # Add practical, take-home message(s) |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is reasonably good ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Avoid overly emotive language in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar ## The grammar for some sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] (e.g., instead of dashes) <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well captioned ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use reasonably good [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use good APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Good use of figure(s) # Reasonably good use of table(s) # Basic use of feature box(es) # Good use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Basic use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent use of interwiki links in the "See also" section <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent use of external links in the "External links" section |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~4 logged, useful, mostly moderate contributions with direct links to evidence # In addition, an image was uploaded to Wikimedia Commons }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 07:05, 26 November 2024 (UTC) ovtgd7j1fh2bo2y1031ab0wwxop4em9 0 307962 2688845 2688573 2024-11-25T23:42:53Z Scogdill 1331941 2688845 wikitext text/x-wiki =Event= On Monday 28 June 1897, Queen Victoria hosted a garden party at Buckingham Palace, inviting between 5,000 and 6,000 people. This party was the final official event of the London Diamond Jubilee celebrations. The Queen released to the press the names of people invited, which means the newspapers could print some or all of this list. The very long article in the London ''Morning Post'', for example, prints what may be the comprehensive list of those invited, although two columns are illegible in some places. The original newspaper account seems to have been published by the ''Court Circular'', and then the popular newspapers reprinted pieces of that story, many adding contextualizing paragraphs of their own. Some of these later reports are quite long, perhaps 5 or more full columns. Sometimes the newspapers included short descriptions of the women's dresses, suggesting that for the list of people invited, the source was the ''Court Circular'', but the parts of the stories devoted to context, history or fashion might have been written by a reporter present at the event. ==Logistics== * 28 June 1897, Monday, in the gardens at Buckingham Palace, hosted by Queen Victoria. * Between 5,000 and 6,000 guests were invited. * Many visitors from the empire who were in town for the Jubilee celebrations were invited to this garden party. * The weather was fine, having improved since the day before. * The garden party was held in the grounds around Buckingham Palace, and the Palace itself was open and available for guests to visit:<blockquote>Great preparations had been made in the splendid grounds adjoining the Royal Palace for the party, the whole scene presenting a fascinating appearance. The beautifully-kept grounds were partially covered with tents and marquees for the convenience of the many guests, and the lovely lake was really in the hands of the Queen’s bargemen, who had charge of the many boats which had been placed on the extensive ornamental waters for the use of guests. There was also plenty of music, several regimental bands being in attendance, while for those who wished to become acquainted with the valuable pictures and works art which are to be found at the Royal residence, all the State and reception rooms of the Palace were thrown open.<ref name=":2">“The Queen’s Garden Party. Brilliant Scene at Buckingham Palace.” ''Globe'' 29 June 1897, Tuesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 3a–c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18970629/050/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> (6, Col. 3a)</blockquote> *The streets around the entrances to Buckingham Palace were lined with spectators beginning hours before the Queen was to arrive:<blockquote>Although the Garden Party was not timed to commence until after five o’clock, the Mall from Marlborough House to Buckingham Palace was well lined by two o’clock, and an hour afterwards large crowds, for the most part composed of ladies, had taken up their positions. This was also the case along Constitution-hill, where the assembly which had gathered to witness the Queen’s arrival at the Palace from Windsor nad [sic] to a large extent remained. The heat was somewhat oppressive, but the trees along the Mall and the Green Park afforded welcome shelter. Many ladies had evidently come prepared for a long wait, as they had provided themselves with the now familiar camp stool, which is always prominent on these occasions. On the other hand, the police were waging war against the men who frequent such places with stools and forms, and as soon as any of them put in an appearance they were quickly pounced upon by the officers, who at once proceeded to destroy the intended stands before the eyes of the helpless owners. Among the sightseers were several of the Indian visitors in gorgeous coloured coats, tight-fitting trousers, and turbans, as well as some of the Australian and New Zealand troops.<ref name=":2" /> (6, Col. 3a)</blockquote> ==Related Events== This garden party was the culminating event of the official celebrations for Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, and more specific events led up to it: # Trip from Windsor to Paddington Station Queen Victoria and a large retinue traveled by train from Windsor to Paddington Station the day before, preceded on an earlier train by "the royal equipages sent from Buckingham Palace for the use of the Queen and her suite," which were<blockquote>First came the splendied semi-state landau in which the Queen made her now famous journey on June 22d. It was preceded by scarlet-coated outriders, and horsed by four magnificent bays driven by postilions in navy blue and white uniforms. Two similar carriages followed, and these were in turn succeeded by a number of pair-horse clarences for the conveyance of the household and suite, and several breaks and ‘buses for luggage. A captain's escort, furnished by the 2d Life Guards, and commanded by Captain Ellison, clattered along in rear of the carriages, and took up a position opposite the spot where, by prior arrangement, Her Majesty’s saloon was to be brought to a standstill. These magnificent troops, riding their great black horses, and with the sunlight dancing upon their nodding plumes, and reflected by their burnished helmets, cuirasses, and trappings, made a very fine show indeed. The escort did not carry the colour, as it did on the 21st, nor was it accompanied by the regimental trumpets.<ref name=":0">"Jubilee Festivities. The Queen Again in London. Interesting Functions. A Visit to Kensington. The Garden Party." ''North British Daily Mail'' 29 June 1897, Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 3a–7b [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002683/18970629/083/0005. Print p. 5.</ref>{{rp|5, Col. 3b}}</blockquote> # Reception at Paddington # Visit to Kensington # Kensington to Buckingham Palace # The Garden Party # Return to Windsor by Way of Paddington === Foreign Admirals === On 29 June 1897, the day after the garden party, the ''North British Daily Mail'' reports that, after the Queen's garden party, the foreign admirals would return to Spithead for a tour around the dockyard and luncheon:<blockquote>THE FLEET AT SPITHEAD<p> The fleet at Spithead was again illuminated last night, the railway companies having duplicated the ordinary train service to bring visitors down. The Koenig Wilhelm was to have sailed on Sunday evening, but her departure has been deferred, and last night her officers gave a private dinner party aboard for the anniversary of the Queen’s Coronation. All the commissioned ships in the harbour were dressed at noon. A royal salute was fired. The [Col. 6c–7a] foreign admirals will return from their visit to London on the occasion of the Queen’s garden party to be conducted round the dockyard to-day, and they will be entertained to luncheon.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|5, Col. 6c–7a}}</blockquote> === Colonial Premiers === The day of the garden party the colonial premiers attended a meeting with Secretary of State for the Colonies, [[Social Victorians/People/Chamberlain|Joseph Chamberlain]]:<blockquote>THE COLONIAL PREMIERS The whole of the Colonial Premiers went to the Colonial Office yesterday for further conference with Mr Chamberlain, who received them in his private room, attended by Mr F. H. Wilson, legal assistant, Mr Reid and the Hon. T. Cochrane, M.P., assistant private secretaries. The conference lasted hours, and was of a strictly private and confidential character, the matters discussed involving several points of high State policy. Premiers will be entertained at Warwick Castle by the Earl and Countess of Warwick on July 15th. On the same occasion the Attorney General of Queensland will present a loving cup from Warwick, in Queensland, to the old county town of Warwick, from which it takes its name. He will be accompanied by the Colonial troopers.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|5, Col. 7a}}</blockquote> For these visitors to London during the Diamond Jubilee, the next major social event was on 15 July, at Warwick Castle, hosted by [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Daisy, Countess of Warwick and Francis, 5th Earl of Warwick]], although perhaps some attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 fancy-dress ball]]. == Who Was Present == In the absence of a copy of the report about the garden party in the ''Court Circular'', the newspaper account with the fullest list of names is from the ''Morning Post'', although people further down the list can be impossible to identify, and two full columns are damaged (Col. 7 on p. 4 and Col. 1 on p. 5).<ref name=":1">“The Queen’s Garden Party.” ''Morning Post'' 29 June 1897, Tuesday: 4 [of 12], Cols. 1a–7c [of 7] and 5, Col. 1a–c. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000174/18970629/032/0004 and https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970629/032/0005.</ref> Whenever possible, then, what is here has been amended with other newspaper reports that have names to help decipher the illegible ones in the ''Morning Post'' account. The names in the Morning Post are grouped, mostly by rank and name. === People of Color at This Event === One purpose of a closer look at this event is to get a more precise list of names of people of color from the various countries in the empire, who were not recognized and thus not named in newspaper descriptions of other events. For example, the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 fancy-dress ball]] was said to include a number of South Asian dignitaries, but because the Duchess did not release to the newspapers the names of those who were invited, those dignitaries went mostly unnamed in the newspaper reports, if their presence was noted at all. Besides the South Asian guests invited to this garden party, some South Asian visitors to London were spectators as well:<blockquote>Among the sightseers were several of the Indian visitors in gorgeous coloured coats, tight-fitting trousers, and turbans, as well as some of the Australian and New Zealand troops.<ref name=":2" /> (6, Col. 3a)</blockquote>In a section on what people — mostly women — wore, the reporter for the ''Daily News'' said,<blockquote>Suffice to say, the modistes had done their best, and that their achievements excited general admiration. Here and there, however, was an Eastern beauty whose golden lace drapery, loosely enveloping a figure that owed nothing to the corset, challenged comparison, we will not say with what success, with the European model. In the almost entire absence of uniforms or Court dress, the costumes of the East Indian notables lent colour to the assemblage, while their pearls and diamonds, the wealth of Ormuz and of Ind, were not allowed to pass unobserved.<ref name=":3" /> (5, Col. 6b)</blockquote> === People Invited === # Queen Victoria, with escort and attendants ## Captain's Escort of the 2nd Life Guards ## The Duchess of Buccleuch, Mistress of the Robes ## The Dowager Lady Churchill, Lady in Waiting ## The Hon. Harriet Phipps, Woman of the Bedchamber ## Maids of Honour in Waiting ### The Hon. Mary Hughes ### The Hon. Aline Majendie ## the Earl of Kintore, Lord in Waiting ## Captain Drummond, Groom in Waiting ## Equerries in Waiting ### Major-General Sir John M'Neill, V.C. ### Lieutenant Colonel Davidson, M.V O. [sic] #Grand Duke and Grand Duchess Serge of Russia #Princess Henry of Battenberg, with attendants ##Miss Minnie Cochrane ##Colonel John Clerk, C.S.I., C.V.O. #Her Imperial Majesty the Empress Frederic, attended by ##the Dowager Lady Ampthill ##Lord Harris ##Colonel S. Waller ##Princess Hatzfeldt Trachenberg ##Count Seckendorff ##Baron and Baroness Reischach #Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, with attendants ##Lady Suffield, Lady in Waiting ##Miss Knollys, Woman of the Bedchamber ##Lord Colville of Culross, K.T., G.C.V.O., Chamberlain to the Princess of Wales ##The Earl of Gosford, K.P., Lord in Waiting ##General Sir D. Probyn, G.C.V.O., K.C.B., K.C.S.I., V.C, Comptroller ##Sir Francis Knollys, K.C.M.G., C.B., Groom in Waiting ##Major-General Stanley Clarke, C.M.G., Equerry in Waiting #Princess Victoria of Wales #Their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Charles of Denmark #Their Royal Highnesses the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, attended by ##Lady Caroline Cust ##Mr. Hugo Erskine Wemyss ##Count Reventlow Criminil ##Baron von der Wense #Their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Christian, attended by ##Baroness von und zu Egloffstein ##Colonel the Hon. Charles Eliot #Her Highness Princess Victoria #His Highness Prince Christian Victor #His Highness Prince Albert of Schleswig-Holstein #Her Royal Highness Princess Louise Marchioness of Lorne and the Marquis of Lorne, attended by ##Lady Sophia Macnamara ##[[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Colonel Arthur Collins]], M.V.O. #Their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Henry of Prussia, attended by ##Admiral of the Fleet Sir Edmund Commerell ##Baron and Baroness Seckendorff ##Count Hahn ##Captain Muller #Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, attended by ##The Hon. Mrs. Monson ##His Excellency Herr von Schön ##Captain the Hon. D. J. Mouson [sic, s/b Monson?], M.V.O. ##Mr. A. D. J. Monson ##Captain von Ruxleben #Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha #The Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha #Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and Strathearn, attended by ##Colonel and the Hon. Mrs. A. Egerton #Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Albany, attended by ##Sir Robert and Lady Collins ##Miss Potts #Her Royal Highness Princess Frederica of Hanover and Baron von Pawel Raminingen, attended by ##Mr. and Mrs. Charles Wood #His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, attended by ##Colonel A. C. FitzGeorge, C.B. #Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Teck and his Highness the Duke of Teck, attended by ##Lady Katherine Coke ##The Hon. A. Nelson Hood #Her Royal Highness Princess Louise Duchess of Fife and the Duke of Fife #His Highness the Prince and her Royal Highness Princess Frederic Charles of Hesse, attended by ##The Hon. A. Hay ##Fraulein von Tasmund ##Baron von Kotwitz #Their Highnesses Prince and Princess Aribert of Anhalt, attended by ##Miss Deverell ##Major Evan Martin #Her Royal Highness the Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen and her Serene Highness Princess Feodore of Saxe-Meiningen, attended by ##The Hon. Aubrey FitzClarence ##Miss von Dreskan ##Baron von Roeder #His Serene Highness the Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe #Their Highnesses Prince and Princess Edward of Saxe-Weimar #Her Serene Highness Princess Victor of Hohenlohe #Countess Gleichen (x2) #Their Serene Highnesses Prince and Princess Adolphus of Teck #The Prince Francis and Prince Alexander of Teck #His Highness Prince Augustus Leopold of Saxe-Coburg #Their Serene Highnesses Prince and Princess Blucher von Wahlstatt #Their Serene Highnesses Prince and Princess Joachim Murat #Their Serene Highnesses [[Social Victorians/People/Pless|Prince and Princess Hans Henry Pless]] #Prince and Princess Loewenstein #Their Serene Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Arenberg #Prince Victor Duleep Singh #Prince Frederick Duleep Singh #Princess Duleep Singh (x2) #ARGENTINE REPUBLIC — M. Florencio Dominguez and M. Carlos Dominguez #BADEN — Herr yon Brauer, Mr. Brook Taylor, and Baron Bohlen Halbach #BAVARIA — His Royal Highness the Prince Rupert, General Sir L. Gardiner, K.C.V.O., C.B., Major Fairholme, Lieutenant-Colonel Emile von le Bret Nucourt, and Captain Othon von Stettin #BELGIUM — His Serene Highness the Prince Charles de Ligne, Princess de Ligne, Madlle. de Ligne, Mr. C. lnnes Ker, Count de Jonghe d'Ardoye, and the Marquis d’Asshe #BOLIVIA — M. Caso, Mr. Conway Seymour, M. Pedro Suarez, Madame Suarez, and M. Adolfo Bolivian #BRAZIL — M. [[Social Victorians/People/Souza Correa|de Souza Correa]] [Corréa?] #BULGARIA — Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Bulgaria, Colonel J. R. Slade, C.B., Madame Petrow Tchomakoff, Count Robert de Bourboulon, Lieutenant-Colonel Marcoff, Major Petrew, Captain Stoïanow, and Mr. Martin Furth #CENTRAL AMERICA (Greater Republic) — M. Medina and Miss Medina #CHILI — M. Ramon Subercasseaux and Mr. Raglan Somerset #CHINA — His Excellency Chang Yen Hoon, Colonel Mark Bell, V.C,. Mr. Liang, Mr. Jui, and Mr. Koo #COREA — His Excellency Min Young Hwan, Major A. Cavendish, Mr. Min Young Chan, Mr. Min Shangho, and Mr. von Rautenfeld #COSTA RICA — Senor Don Demetrio Iglesias, Mr. C. Alban Young, Dona Eudoxia Castro, Señorita Maria Iglesias, Don Ricardo Fernandez Guardia, and Dona Christina Castro Keith #DENMARK — His Royal Highness the Prince Waldemar, Major-General Arthur Ellis, C.S.I., M. Charles Rothe, and Captain Evers #EGYPT — Prince Mohammed Ali Pasha, Colonel Larking, Tigrane Pasha, Colonel Aziz Bey, Mr. George Smart, Said Zoulfikar Bey #ECUADOR — M. Navares, Colonel Concha #FRANCE — General Davoust, Duc d'Auerstadt, Duchesse d'Auerstadt, and Madlle. Davoust, Colonel Brabazon, Colonel Dawson, General Hagron, M. Crozier, Colonel Humbert, and Captain Riviers de Mauny #GERMANY — His Royal Highness the Prince Albert of Prussia, Prince Regent of Brunswick, Major-General Sir C. du Piat, K.C.B., Colonel Grierson, Lieutenant-General von Plessen, Colonel von Arnim, Captain Fischel, Count von der Schulenberg (Hofmarschall), Major Freiherr von Stein, Dr. Schreibe, Captain von Unzer #GREECE — M. Rangabi, Mr. R. D. Norton #GUATEMALA — Dr. Cruz, Madlles. Cruz (2), Señor Estrada #HAWAIIAN ISLANDS — Mr. S. M. Damon, Captain the Hon. H. Napier, Major Curtis P. Jaukea #HESSE — Their Royal Highnesses the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess of Hesse, Colonel the Hon. H. Byng, C.B., Baroness de Grancy, Baron Riedesel zu Eisenbach, Baron de Genadius Grancy #ITALY — Their Royal Highnesses the Crown Prince and Princess, the Earl of Clarendon, Colonel Needham, Countess Giulia Trigona, Lieutenant-General Terzaghi, Major Cavaliere Viganoni, Captain Cavaliere Merli Miglietti, Count Romnaldo Trigona, Cavaliere F. Comotto #JAPAN — His Imperial Highness the Prince Arisugawa, Mr. R. F. Synge, Captain Beaumont, R.N., Marquis Ito, Mr. S. Saito, Marquis Kido, Captain Funaki, Lieutenant-Colonel Murata, Lieutenant Kato, Mr. Nabeshima #LIBERIA — Mr. H. Hayman #LUXEMBURG — His Royal Highness the Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxemburg, Colonel H. D. Browne, Baron Ritter yon Grünstein #MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN — His Excellency Herr D. yon Vietinghoff, Mr. Eyre A. Crowe #MEXICO — Don Antonio Mier y Celis, Mr. Arnold Royle, C.B., Don Francisco R. Gallardo, Don Eustagino dc Escaudon, and Captain Don Ponfirio Diaz #MONTENEGRO — His Highness the Prince Danilo, Major the Hon. C Harbord, Colonel Djurcovitch, and Captain Pejanovitch #NETHERLANDS — Count van Lynden, Countess van Lynden, Mr. Horace West, and Count W. de Bylandt #PARAGUAY — M. E. Machain and Madame Machain #PERSIA — His Imperial Highness the Prince Amir Khan, General Sir Thomas Gordon, K.C.I.E., C.B., C.S.I.[,] Mr. Harry Churchill, General Karim Khan, Mirza Ahmad Khan, Mirza Ohaness Khan, Mirza Mohamad Ali Khan #PERU — Senor Canevaro, Duchesse de Zoagli Canevaro, Dr. Don A. N. Puente, Don Alfredo Elster, and Don Carlos von der Heyde #PORTUGAL — His Royal Highness the Duke of Oporto, Major the Hon. H. C Legge, M.V.O., Colonel Duval Telles, Captain Moreira de Sà, Major d'Albuquerque, and Lieutenant Jose de Melie[?] #ROME — Right Rev. Monsignore Sambucetti, [[Social Victorians/People/Stonor|Hon. Harry Stonor]], Right Rev. Monsignore Belmont, the Right Rev. Monsignore de Vaz, Marchesi and Marchesa Muccioli, of the Noble Guard #ROUMANIA — General Pancovici, Colonel G. P. Georgescu #RUSSIA — Their Imperial Highnesses the Grand Duke Serge and Grand Duchess Feodrowna, the Grand Duke Cyril, Lord Churchill, Lieutenant-Colonel Waters, Countess Olsouffiew, Princess Youssoupoff, Princess Lobanoff de Rostow, General Stépanoff, Colonel Gadon, and Prince Youssoupoff, Colonel Clements, Mr. Alexander Gordon Ross, and Sub-Lieutenant N. Coubé (A.D.C. to Grand Duke Cyril) #SAXE-COBURG — His Royal Highness the Prince Philip of Saxe-Coburg, Captain Walter Campbell, and Herr von Schön #SAXE-WEIMAR — His Highness the Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar, Mr. Frederick Campbell, and Count Zeppelin #SAXONY — His Royal Highness the Prince Frederick Augustus, Duke of Saxony, Colonel Howard, Freiherr yon Reitzenstern, First Lieutenant von Metzsch, and Baron von Oppell #SERVIA — M. Mijatovich and Madame Mijatovich #SIAM — His Royal Highness the Crown Prince and the Prince Mahit of Siam, Colonel E. H. Sartorius, V.C., Lieutenant-Colonel Rajavallabha, Lieutenant-Colonel C. Vernon Hume, Colonel Indaraty, Surgeon-Major Yarr #SPAIN — Duke of Sotomayor, Captain the Hon. A. Greville, Señor José Caro, Señor Alfonso Merry del Val, and Señor Benitez al Villar #SWEDEN AND NORWAY — His Royal Highness the Prince Eugène of Sweden and Norway, Captain G. L. Holford, Count G. Gyldenstolpe, Captain Roeder, Captain Baron Cederstrom #TURKEY — Munir Pasha, Major Surtees, Brigadier-General Nassir Pasha, Captain Enver Bey, Colonel Gordon Ponsonby #UNITED STATES — His Excellency the Hon. Whitelaw Reid, Mrs. Whitelaw Reid, Colonel Hallam Parr, Major-General Nelson A. Miles, Mrs. Nelson Miles, Rear-Admiral Joseph N. Miller, Captain M. P. Maus, Mr. Ogden Mills, Mrs. Ogden Mills, Mr. G. Creighton Webb, Mr. Erskine Hewett, Commander W. H. Emory, Lieutenant Philip Andrews, Lieutenant T. S. Rogers #URUGUAY — Dr. Alberto Nin, Madlle. Nin, Don Alfonso Saenz de Zumaran, Don Luis Posadas, Colonel C. Robido #WURTEMBURG— His Royal Highness the Duke Albert of Wurtemburg, Colonel C. Swaine, Lieutenant-General von Bilfinger, First Lieutenant Count von Degenfeld- Schonburg; five officers of the Queen's German Regiment: Major C. R. Burn (in attendance), Lieutenant-Colonel von Falkenhayn, Major von Arnim, First Lieutenant Baron von Moeller-Lilienstern, First Lieutenant von Gerlach, Second Lieutenant von Studnitz #"Native Princes, and gentlemen and ladies accompanying them"<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 2b) ##His Highness the Raja of Kaparthala ##His Highness the Thakur Sahib of Morvi, K.C.I.E. ##His Highness the Thakur Sahib of Gondal, C.I., and her Highness the Maharani of Gondal, C.I. ##Colonel Maharaj Dhiraz ##Sir Pratab Singh, K.C.S.I. ##Thakur Hari Singh[,?] ##Kunwar Dhokal Singh ##Rajah Ajit Singh of Khetri, attended by ##Rajkumar Unmaid Singh of Shahpura, attended by ###Colonel Trevor (in attendance upon the Rajah Ajit Singh of Khetri and the Rajkumar Unmaid Singh of Shahpura) ##Bijey Singh ##Sir Jamaetjee Jejeebhoy, Bart., C.S.I., Miss Jejeebhoy, Mr. Jejeebhoy ##Mr. and Mrs. Powrala ##Major J. G. Turner and Mrs. Turner ##Mr. A. R. Wood and Mrs. Wood #The "officers of the Imperial Service Troops, with British officers and ladies"<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 2b) ##Captain Mir Hashim Ali Khan Hyderabad-Resaldar ##Major Sunayat Singh, Kashmir ##Commandant Abdul Ganny, Gwalior ##Commandant Gooind, Rao Matkar, Indore ##Commandant Mirza Kurim Beg, Bhopal ##Rai Bahadur Dhunpat Rai, Jeypore ##Commandant Nand Singh, Patiala ##Commandant Rai Bahadur Thakur Dip Sing, Bikanir ##Commandant Chatru Singh, Bhartpur ##Resaldar Abdul Majid Khan, Babawalpur ##Commandant Daud Khan, Ulwar ##Commandant Nazir Khan, Rampur ##Risalda-Major Didar Singh, Sindi ##Risaldar-Major Kishan Singh, Nabha ##Risaldar Hara Singh, Karpurthala ##Risaldar Dhan Singhi, Bhavnagar ##Colonel H. Melliss, C.S.I., and Mrs. Melliss ##Major F. H. R. Drummond and Mrs. Drummond ##Captain F. Angelo ##Lieutenant H. Coape-Smith ##Captain G. F. Chenevix-Trench #The "officers of Native Cavalry Corps with British officers and ladies"<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 2b) ##Risaldar-Major Baha-ud-din-Khan ##Sardar Bahadur, A.D.C. to Viceroy ##Risaldar-Major Sayyid Abdul Aziz ##Risaldar-Major Khan Bahadur ##Risaldar-Major Izzat Khan ##Risaldar-Major Hukam Singh ##Risaldar-Major Sher Singh ##Risaldar-Major Husain Khan ##Risaldar-Major Mangal Singh ##Risaldar-Major Kesar Singh ##Risaldar- Major Faiz Khan ##Risaldar-Major Muhammad Umar Khan ##Risaldar-Major Ali Mahomed Khan ##Risaldar-Major Mihrab Ali Khan ##Risaldar Kaddam Khan ##Risaldar Jahanzir Khan ##Risaldar Nadir Khan ##Risaldar Mir Haidar Shah Khan ##Risaldar Makbul Khan ##Risaldar Net Ram ##Ressaidar Gurdatt Singh ##Subadar Muhammed Beg Junadar ##Abdul Karin Khan ##Lieutenant-Colonel J. C. H. Gordon and Mrs. Gordon ##Major A. Phayre and Mrs. Phayre ##Captain C. F. Campbell ##Captain P. Melville, in attendance on his Highness Thakur Sahib of Morvi ##Captain M'Cartney Filgate, in attendance on their Highnesses the Thakur Sahib and Maharani of Gondal ##Mr. Nowroz ##M. Parveez ##Sir M. Mansherjee Bhownaggree, M.P. ##Mr. Percy Armytage and Mrs. Armytage ##Mr. Frank Cook, C.I.E., and Mrs. Frank Cook #The "commanding officers of Colonial contingents, with the ladies accompanying them"<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 2b) ##Colonel the Hon. M. and Mrs. Aylmer, Canada ##Colonel and Mrs. Lassetter, New South Wales ##Major Reay, Victoria ##Colonel Pitt, New Zealand ##Major and Miss King, Queensland ##Lieutenant and Mrs. Phillips, Cape of Good Hope ##Lieutenant-Colonel Rowell, South Australia ##Major Strickland, Western Australia ##Captain Shepstone, Natal ##Major and Miss Reeves, Ceylon ##Mr. Badeley, Hong Kong ##Colonel Walker, C.M.G., and Mrs. Walker, Straits Settlements ##Captain Lucie Smith, Jamaica ##Lieutenant-Colonel E. B. M'lnnis, C.M.G., and Mrs. M'lnnis, British Guiana ##Major Rooks, Trinidad ##Captain Bernard, Malta ##Captain Kershaw, Cyprus ##Captain and Mrs. Middlemist, Gold Coast ##Inspector Hook, Lagos ##Captain Blakeney, Sierra Leone ##Lieutenant Festing, Royal Niger Company ##Captain Flint, British North Borneo Company ##The Hon. M. Gifford, Rhodesian Horse ##The following British officers attached: Lieutenant-Colonel Boulton, Lieutenant-Colonel Prior, Lieutenant-Colonel Tucker, Lieutenant-Colonel Domville, Lieutenant-Colonel Gibson, and Lieutenant-Colonel Tyrwhitt #The "gentlemen representing the various races in the Island of Ceylon"<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 2c) ##Maha Mudaliyar don Solomon Dias Bandaranaihe ##The Hon. Alexander Dealius Sonewiratne ##M. E. Rowland Goonoratne ##M. Charles de Soysa Dessanayaka ##Panabokko Jikiri Banda ##Nugawela Kuia Banda ##Kobbokeduwe Loku Banda ##M. E. S. W. Senathi rajah [sic] and Mrs. Senathi ##M. J. H. de Saram and Miss de Saram ##M. P. Ramanathan ##M. Saunders and Miss Saunders #The "members of the Corps Diplomatique and other foreigners of distinction"<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 2c) ##The Russian Ambassador, Madame de Staal, Madlle. de Staal, Madame de Stoeckl, Princess de San Donato, Madame Yermoloff, Madlle. Yermoloff, the Councillor, three Secretaries, and four Attachés of Embassy ##The German Ambassador, Countess Paul Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg, her Serene Highness Princess Hans Hohenlohe-Oehringen, Baroness yon Eckardtstein, the Councillor, two Secretaries, three Attachés of Embassy, and the Director of the Chancery ##The Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, Countess Deym, Countess Isabella Deym, Countess Clary Aldringen, Baroness Ferstel, the Councillor, two Secretaries, and four Attachés of Embassy ##The French Ambassador, Baroness de Courcel[,] Madlle. de Courcel, Madame Geoffray, the Minister Plenipotentiary, five Secretaries, and three Attachés of Embassy ##The Italian Ambassador, Princess Ruspoli, three Secretaries, and three Attachés of Embassy ##The Spanish Ambassador, Countess de Casa Valencia; Mesdlles. de Alcala Galiano (2), Marquise de Guiria, Donna de Zea Bermudez, Countess de Morella, Donna de Ia Camara y Livermore, three Secretaries, and four Attachés of Embassy ##The Turkish Ambassador, Madame Antbopoulos, the Councillor, and two Secretaries of Embassy ##The United States Ambassador, Mrs. Hay, Miss Hay, Mrs. Henry White, Mrs. Carter, Mrs. Colwell, two Secretaries, one Attaché of Embassy, and the Private Secretary to the Ambassador ##The Argentine Minister, Madame Dominguez, Mesdlles. Dominguez (3), and the Secretary of Legation ##The Persian Minister, and one Secretary of Legation ##The Danish Minister, Madame de Bille, Madame Gosch, and the Secretary of Legation ##The Siamese Minister, Mrs. Verney, Miss Verney, Mrs. Loftus, the Councillor, the Secretary, the Attaché, and the Interpreter to the Legation ##The Liberian Minister ##The Roumanian Minister and the Councillor of the Legation ##The Netherlands Minister, Baroness de Goltstein d'Oldenaller, Baroness Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, and the Councillor of Legation ##The Belgian Minister, the Councillor, and two Secretaries of Legation ##The Mexican Minister, Madame Yturbe, Madame Romero, Madame Farias, Madame Garcia, two Secretaries and three Attachés of Legation ##The Japanese Minister, Madame Kato, two Secretaries, and three Atachés [sic] of Legation ##The Minister for Sweden and Norway, Countess Lewenhaupt, and the Attaché of Legation ##The Chinese Minister, Lady Macartney, the English Secretary, three Secretaries, and four Attachés of Legation ##The Portuguese Minister, Madlle. de Quilinan, three Secretaries, and one Attaché of Legation ##The Swiss Minister, Madame Bourcart, Madame de Salis, the Secretary, and the Attaché of Legation ##The Haytian Chargé d’Affaires ##The Chargé d’Affaires of Greece, Madame Metaxas, and the Attaché ##The Chargé d’Affaires of Chile and Madame Bascunan ##Two Secretaries and one Attaché of the Brazilian Legation ##Count E. van Rosen ##Mr. Hippolyte de Aranjo ##Vice-Admiral Montt ##Mr. Pinto, Mrs. Pinto ##Mr. and Mrs. Scaramanga ##Vicomte de Galard ##Dr. Arnold, and Madlle. von Rappoport ##Mrs. John Meiggs, Miss Meiggs ##Miss Margaret Butler ##Mrs. Henry Morgan ##Hon. Chauncey Depew ##Mr. and Mrs. James Taylor ##Mr. and Mrs. Charles Marshall ##Mr. and Mrs. Edmund Bayliss ##Mrs. Colgate ##Miss Furniss ##Miss Wells ##Miss Harris ##Hon. Levi P. Morton, Mrs. Morton, and the Misses Morton ##The Bishop of Illinois and Mrs. Leonard, Miss Leonard ##The Bishop of Albany and Mrs. Doane ##The Bishop of New York and Mrs. Potter ##the Bishop of Minnesota and Mrs. Whipple ##Mr. and Mrs. Walter Burns ##Mrs. Douglas Grant ##Miss Scott ##Mrs. Grace, Miss Margarita Grace ##Mrs. Wentworth ##Miss van Wart ##M. Valentin de Courcel ##Madame la Marquise de Talleyrand Perigord ##Comte Boson de Perigord ##Vicomte d'Espenilles ##Madame and Madlle. Thierry Delanoue ##Madlle. de la Cherè ##M. Cellerier ##M. and Madame Delawarre ##Madame Evelina Fenzi ##Count A. Zannini ##M. and Madame Jules Cottran ##Chevalier E. Mazzuechi ##Signor A. Tedeschi ##Signor A. Mariotti ##Captain Lucian von Ziegler ##Chevalier Lieutenant von Barry ##Baron Georg Rothschild ##Privy Councillor Count Berchtold ##Baron G. E. Levi, Baroness Levi ##Commander E. Philipson, Mrs. E. Philipson ##The Duke and Duchess of San Germano Calabritto ##The Marquis of San Vito ##Donna Lidia Serramezzana ##Donna Margherita Chigi ##Marchioness Vitelleschi ##Chevalier Elia ##Count de Franqueville ##Count Urbain Chevrau ##M. Marcel Fonquier ##M. Baudon de Mony, Madame Baudon de Mony ##Duchess de Rohan ##Marquis de Lastorgrie, Marchioness de Lastorgrie ##Count de Boisgelin, Countess L. de Boisgelin ##M. Stern, Madame Stern, Madlle. Stern ##Count Charles du Luart ##General de Saucy ##M. E. Seydoux ##Count Jean de Madre ##M. de Monbrison ##Baron de la Chevrelière ##Count de la Villestreux, Countess de la Villestreux ##Count Urbain de Maille, Countess Urbain de Maille ##General Faveret de Kerbrich ##Monsieur de la Haye Jousselin ##Baronne Faveret de Kerbrich ##Colonel Matton ##M. Ferinier Didet ##Madame Ferinier Didet ##Donna Isabella Colonna, Donna Victoria Colonna ##Pom-k-Soh ##Madame Reyntiens ##Marquis de Fuente Hermosa ##Herr Rudolf Swobody ##M. Lauritz Tuxen ##Duchesse de Baiten ##M. de Marcoarti ##Comte de Heeren, Madlle. de Heeren ##Monsieur M. de Mauny Talvande ##Senor Don Nicolas Campero ##Lieutenant Charny ##Lieutenant Sanders ##Madame and Madlle. de Mouni ##Comtesse de Montsoulmin #"Foreign Admirals and Commanding Officers and Staffs"<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 3a / Col. 3b) ##Austrian Admiral Baron von Spaun, Commander von Ziegler, Lieutenant Retter yon Barry, Lieutenant Mitchell, R.N. (attached) ##Danish Admiral H. H. Koch, Captain Waudel, Lieutenant Middelboc, Lieutenant Majendie, R.N. (attached) ##French Admiral C. F. E. De Courthille, Captain Germinet, Commander Poidlone, Lieutenant Perdriel, Sub-Lieutenant de Caqueray, Lieutenant Phillimore, R.N. (attached) ##Italian Admiral C. E. Morin, Commander Count Prasca, Lieutenant Lunghetti, Lieutenant Count Morano, Lieutenant Henderson. R.N. (attached) ##German Admiral his Royal Highness Prince Henry of Prussia, Captain Muller, Lieutenant von Spee, Sub-Lieutenant Wittman, Lieutenant Garforth, R.N. (attached) ##Japanese Admiral H.I.H. Prince Arizugawa, Captain Miura, Commander Tsuda, Lieutenant Stewart, R.N. (attached) ##Netherlands Admiral F. K. Englebrecht, Captain de Groot, Lieutenant Baron von Hardenbrock, Lieutenant Woolcombe, R.N. (attached) ##Norwegian Rear-Admiral von Krogh, Captain Muller, Lieutenant Petersen, Lieutenant Kerr Pearse, R.N. (attached) ##Portuguese Captain Barreto de Vascomellos, Captain de Cartillo, Lieutenant Trye, R.N. (attached) ##Russian Admiral Nicholas Skrydloff, Captain Domojiroff, Lieutenant Stetsenkoff, Lieutenant Twisleton Wykeham Fiennes, R.N. (attached) ##Spanish Admiral Don Segismundo Bermijo y Merelo, Captain Don Antonio Eulate y Fery, Lieutenant Don Juan Romero, Lieutenant Don Antonio Romero, Lieutenant Fair, R.N. (attached) ##Swedish Admiral A. F. H. Klintberg, Captain Ingelman, Commander Flack, Lieutenant Alton, R.N. (attached) ##United States Admiral J. N. Miller, Lieutenaut Richmond (attached) ##Captain de Mar E. Guerra ##Captain R. S. D. Cumins #The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Countess Cadogan #The Right Hon. the Speaker and Mrs. Gully, Miss Gully, and Miss Shelly Gully #Cardinal Vaughan #Right Hon. the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress, and Misses Faudel Phillips (2) #The Gold Stick in Waiting, Silver Stick in Waiting, Silver Stick Adjutant in Waiting #Officer Commanding 1st Life Guards and five officers #Officer Commanding 2nd Life Guards and four officers #Officer Commanding Royal Horse Guards and four officers #Officer Commanding 2nd Dragoons and three officers #Field Officer in Brigade Waiting, Adjutant in Brigade Waiting #Commanding Officer Grenadier Guards #Commanding Officer Coldstream Guards #Commanding Officer Scots Guards, a Regimental Adjutant #Commanding Officer 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Battalions Grenadier Guards and three officers of each Battalion #Commanding Officer 1st and 2nd Battalions Coldstream Guards and three officers of each Battalion #Commanding Officer 1st and 2nd Battalions of Scots Guards and three officers of each Battalion #Commanding Officer Woolwich District and six officers #Commanding Officer R.H.A. Home District and two officers #Commanding Officer R.E. and four officers #Commanding Officer 2nd Battalion Lincolnshire Regiment and three officers #Commanding Officer Royal Marines (Chatham) and four officers #Commanding Officer Royal Marines (Portsmouth) and two officers #Four officers of the Honourable Corps of the Gentlemen at Arms #Archbishops — Canterbury, York, Armagh, Ontario, Rupertsland #Dukes and Duchesses ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Argyll|Argyll]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Abercorn|Abercorn]] ##The Duchess of De Baileu ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Buccleuch|Buccleuch]] ##The Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Cleveland|Cleveland]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Devonshire|Devonshire]] ##The Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Douglas-Hamilton Duke of Hamilton|Hamilton]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Leeds|Leeds]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Marlborough|Marlborough]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Manchester|Manchester]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Montrose]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Newcastle|Newcastle]] ##The Duke of [[Social Victorians/People/Norfolk|Norfolk]] ##The Duke of [[Social Victorians/People/Northumberland|Northumberland]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Portland|Portland]] ##The Duke of [[Social Victorians/People/Richmond and Gordon|Richmond and Gordon]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Roxburghe|Roxburghe]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Somerset|Somerset]] ##The Duke and Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Sutherland|Sutherland]] ##The Duke and Duchess of St. Albans ##The Duke and Duchess of Wellington ##The Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Westminster|Westminster]] #Marquises and Marchionesses ##The Marquis of Abergavenny ##The Marchioness of Ailesbury ##The Marquis and Marchioness of Ailsa ##The Marquis of Anglesey ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Breadalbane|Breadalbane]] ##The Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Marlborough#Marchioness of Blandford|Blandford]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of Bristol ##The Marquis of [[Social Victorians/People/Camden|Camden]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of Conyngham ##Dowager [Marchioness of] Conyngham ##The Marchioness of Cassar de Sai[n] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of Cholmondeley ##The Marquis of D'Auerstadt ##The Marquis and Marchioness [[Social Victorians/People/Stonor|D'Hautpoul]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of Downshire ##Dowager [Marchioness of] Downshire ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Hamilton Temple Blackwood|Dufferin and Ava]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Exeter|Exeter]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of Granby ##The Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Florence Rawdon-Hastings Chetwynd|Hastings]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Bective|Headfort]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of Hertford ##The Marquis and Marchioness of Huntly ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Abercorn#James Hamilton, Marquess of Hamilton|Hamilton]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Lansdowne|Lansdowne]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of Lothian ##Dowager (Marchioness of) [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Londonderry]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Londonderry]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Ormonde|Ormonde]] ##The Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Queensberry|Queensberry]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Ripon|Ripon]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Salisbury|Salisbury]] ##The Marquis and Marchioness of [[Social Victorians/People/Tweeddale|Tweeddale]] ##Dowager (Marchioness of) [[Social Victorians/People/Tweeddale|Tweeddale]] ##John Stewart-Murray, [[Social Victorians/People/Atholl|Marquess of Tullibardine]] ##Lawrence, [[Social Victorians/People/Zetland|Marquess of Zetland]] and Lilian, [[Social Victorians/People/Zetland|Marchioness of Zetland]] #Earls and Countesses ##Countess of Aberdeen and Dowager Countess of Aberdeen ##Earl and Countess of Albemarle and Dowager Countess of Albemarle ##Earl and Countess of Ancaster ##Earl and Countess of Amherst ##Earl of Ava ##Earl and Countess of Antrim ##Earl and Countess of Aylesford ##Earl and Countess of Annesley ##Earl and Countess of Airlie ##Earl and Countess of Arran ##Earl of Aberdeen ##Earl and Countess of Bandon ##Countess of Bantry ##Earl and Countess of Beauchamp ##Earl and Countess of Bathurst and Dowager Countess of Bathurst ##Countess of Bective ##Earl and Countess of Belmore ##Earl of Bradford ##Countess of Bremer ##Earl and Countess of Brownlow ##Earl and Countess of Buckinghamshire ##Earl of Burford ##Earl and Countess of Cairns ##Earl and Countess of Caledon ##Earl of Camperdown ##Earl of Cardigan ##Earl and Countess of Carnarvon and Dowager Countess of Carnarvon ##Earl of Carnwath ##Earl and Countess of Carrington ##Earl and Countess of Carysfort ##Earl and Countess of Castlestuart ##Earl and Countess of Cathcart ##Earl and Countess of Cavan ##Earl and Countess of Chesterfield ##Earl and Countess of Chichester ##Dowager Countess of Clancarty ##Countess of Clanwilliam ##Earl and Countess of Compton ##Countess of Cottenham ##Earl of Courtown ##Earl and Countess of Cowper ##Earl and Countess of Cranbrook ##Earl and Countess of Craven and Dowager Countess of Craven ##Earl and Countess of Crawford ##Earl of Crewe ##Earl and Countess of Cork and Orrery ##Earl and Countess of Coventry ##Countess of Cromartie and Dowager Countess of Cromartie ##Earl and Countess of Dalkeith ##Earl and Countess of Dartmouth ##Earl and Countess of De Grey ##Dowager Countess of De La Warr ##Earl and Countess of Denbigh ##Earl and Countess of Derby ##Earl and Countess of Donoughmore ##Earl and Countess of Drogheda ##Earl of Ducie ##Earl and Countess of Dudley and Dowager Countess of Dudley ##Earl and Countess of Dundonald ##Earl and Countess of Dunmore ##Earl and Countess of Dunraven ##Earl of Durham ##Earl and Countess of Eglinton and Winton ##Earl of Eldon ##Earl and Countess of Ellesinere ##Earl and Countess of Enniskillen ##Earl and Countess of Erne ##Earl and Countess of Errol ##Earl and Countess of Essex and Dowager Countess of Erroll ##Earl of Euston ##Earl and Countess of Feversham ##Earl and Countess of Fingall ##Earl of Fortescue ##Earl and Countess of Gainsborough ##Earl and Countess of Galloway ##Earl and Countess of Glasgow ##Countess of Gosford ##Earl and Countess of Granard ##Countess of Granville ##Earl and Countess of Grey ##Countess of Grosvenor ##Countess of Guilford ##Earl and Countess of Harewood and Dowager Countess of Harewood ##Earl and Countess of Harrington ##Earl and Countess of Hopetoun ##Earl and Countess of Huntingdon ##Earl and Countess of Harrowby ##Countess of Hohenau ##Countess of Howe ##Earl and Countess of Iddesleigh ##Earl and Countess of Jersey ##Earl and Countess of Kenmare ##Earl of Kerry ##Earl and Countess of Kilmorey ##Earl of Kimberley ##Earl and Countess of Kingston ##Earl of Kinnoull ##Josephine, Countess Kinsky ##Earl and Countess of Kintore ##Countess of Leitrim ##Earl and Countess of Lanesborough ##Countess of Lathom ##Earl and Countess of Lauderdale ##Countess of Leicester ##Earl and Countess of Leven and Melville ##Earl and Countess of Lichfield ##Earl and Countess of Limerick ##Earl and Countess of Lindsay ##Earl and Countess of Lisburne ##Earl and Countess of Listowel ##Earl and Countess of Londesborough ##Earl and Countess of Longford ##Earl and Countess of Lonsdale and Dowager Countess of Lonsdale ##Earl and Countess of Loudoun ##Earl and Countess of Lovelace ##Earl and Countess of Lucan ##Countess of Lytton ##Countess of Macclesfield ##Earl and Countess of Malmesbury and Dowager Countess of Malmesbury ##Earl and Countess of Mar ##Earl and Countess of Mar and Kellie and Dowager Countess of Mar and Kellie ##Earl and Countess of Mayo and Dowager Countess of Mayo ##Countess of Meath ##Countess of Metaxas ##Earl and Countess of Mexborough ##Earl and Countess of Minto ##Earl of De Montalt ##Earl and Countess of Morley ##Earl and Countess of Morton and Dowager Countess of Morton ##Earl of Nelson ##Earl and Countess of Norbury ##Earl of Northbrook ##Earl and Countess of Northesk and Dowager Countess of Northesk ##Earl and Countess of Onslow ##Earl of Orford ##Countess of Oxford ##Earl and Countess of Pembroke ##Countess of Percy ##Earl and Countess of Portarlington ##Earl and Countess of Portsmouth ##Earl and Countess of Powis ##Earl and Countess of Radnor ##Earl and Countess of Ravensworth ##Earl and Countess of Roden ##Earl and Countess of Romney ##Lawrence, [[Social Victorians/People/Zetland|Earl of Ronaldshay]] ##Earl of Rosebery ##Earl and Countess of Rosse ##Earl and Countess of Rosslyn and Dowager Countess of Rosslyn ##Earl of Sandwich ##Earl of Scarbrough ##Earl and Countess of Selborne ##Countess of Selkirk ##Countess of Shaftesbury ##Dowager Countess of Shrewsbury and Talbot ##Earl and Countess of Spencer ##Earl and Countess of Stamford ##Earl and Countess of Stanhope ##Earl and Countess of St. Germans ##Earl of Stradbroke ##Earl of Strafford ##Earl and Countess of Suffolk and Berkshire ##Earl and Countess of Temple (of Stowe) ##Earl and Countess of Verulam ##Earl and Countess of Waldegrave ##Earl and Countess of Warwick ##Earl and Countess of Westmeath ##Earl and Countess of Wharncliffe ##Elizabeth, Dowager Countess of Wilton and Isabella, Dowager Countess of Wilton ##Earl and Countess of Winchilsea and Nottingham ##Earl and Countess of Winterton ##Earl and Countess of Yarborough and Dowager Countess of Yarborough #Viscounts<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 3c / Col. 4a) and Viscountesses ##Viscount and Viscountess of Boyne ##Viscountess of Cantelupe ##Viscount and Viscountess of Castlerosse ##Viscount and Viscountess of Chelsea ##Viscount and Viscountess of Chetwynd ##Viscountess of Chewton ##Viscount and Viscountess of Clifden ##Viscount and Viscountess of Cobham ##Viscount and Viscountess of Coke ##Viscount of Corry ##Viscount and Viscountess of Cranborne ##Viscount of Crichton ##Viscount and Viscountess of Cross ##Viscount of Curzon ##Viscount and Viscountess of Dalrymple ##Viscount and Viscountess of Deerhurst ##Viscount and Viscountess of De Vesci ##Viscount and Viscountess of Dillon ##Viscount of Doneraile ##Viscount and Viscountess of Duncannon ##Viscount of Dungarvan ##Viscount and Viscountess of Ebrington ##Viscount and Viscountess of Emlyn ##Viscount of Encombe ##Viscount and Viscountess of Exmouth ##Viscount and Viscountess of Falkland ##Viscount and Viscountess of Falmouth ##Viscount of Fitz Harris ##Viscount and Viscountess of Folkestone ##Viscount and Viscountess of Frankfort de Montmorency ##Viscount and Viscountess of Gage ##Viscount and Viscountess of Galway ##Viscount and Viscountess of Garnock ##Viscount and Viscountess of Gough ##Viscount of Gort ##Viscount and Viscountess of Halifax ##Viscount and Viscountess of Hardinge ##Viscount of Harrington ##Viscount and Viscountess of Hood ##Viscount and Viscountess of Kilcoursie ##Viscount and Viscountess of Knutsford ##Viscount and Viscountess of Lifford ##Viscount of Llandaff ##Viscount and Viscountess of Maitland ##Viscount and Viscountess of Marsham ##Viscount and Viscountess of Massereene and Ferrard ##Viscount and Viscountess of Melville ##Viscount and Viscountess of Midleton ##Viscount and Viscountess of Milton ##Viscount and Viscountess of Monck ##Viscount and Viscountess of Morpeth ##Dowager Viscountess of Mountmorres ##Viscount and Viscountess of Newark ##Viscount and Viscountess of Newport ##Viscount and Viscountess of Oxenbridge ##Viscount of Parker ##Viscount of Peel ##Viscount and Viscountess of Portman ##Viscount and Viscountess of Powerscourt ##Viscount and Viscountess of Raincliffe ##Viscountess of Sherbrooke ##Viscount of Sidmouth ##Viscount of St. Cyres ##Viscount of Southwell ##Viscount of Suirdale ##Viscount and Viscountess of Templetown ##Viscountess of Torrington ##Viscount and Viscountess of Trafalgar ##Viscount and Viscountess of Valentia ##Viscount of Valletort ##Viscount of Villiers ##Viscountess of Wolseley # #Bishops — Auckland, Barry, Bath and Wells, British Colombia, Chichester, Durham, Ely, Exeter, Gloucester and Bristol, Gibraltar, Hereford, London, Lichfield, Lincoln, Manchester, Newcastle, Norwich, Oxford, Peterborough, Rochester, Ripon, Stepney, Southwark, St. Albans, Salisbury, Sodor and Man, Southwell, Sydney, Sierra Leone, Worcester, Winchester, Wellington #Baronesses — Burdett-Coutts, Macdonald #Lords and Ladies<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 4b / Col. 5a) — ##Lord and Lady Abercromby ##Lord and Lady Aberdare ##Lord Aberdour ##Lady Abinger ##Lady Alexandra Acheson ##Lady Adam ##Lady Adderley ##Lord and Lady Addington ##Lady Adye ##Lady Agnew ##Lady Alderson ##Lord and Lady Alington ##Lady Alison ##Lady Mildred Allsopp ##Lord and Lady Amherst of Hackney ##Lady Heathcoat Amory ##Lord and Lady Ampthill ##Lady Agnes Anderson ##Lady Bertha Anson ##Lady Arbuthnot ##Lady Alice Archer Houblon ##Lord Ardee ##Lord and Lady Ardilaun ##Lady Armstrong ##Lady Arnold ##Lady Arnott ##Lord and Lady Ashbourne ##Lord and Lady Ashburton and Dowager Ashburton ##Lord and Lady Ashcombe ##Lady Alice Ashley ##Lady Edith Ashley ##Lady Ashmead-Bartlett ##Lord and Lady Ashton ##Lord and Lady Ashtown ##Lady Florence Astley ##Lady Gertrude Astley-Corbett ##Lady Austin ##Lord Bagot ##Lady Bailey ##Lady Blanche Baillie ##Lady Baird ##Lady Baker ##Lord Balcarres ##Lord and Lady Balfour of Burleigh, Lady Nina Balfour and Lady Betty Balfour ##Lord Balvaird ##Lord Bangor ##Dowager Lady Barclay ##Lord and Lady Barnard ##Lady Florence Barnardiston ##Lady Constance Barne ##Lady Barran ##Lady Barrington ##Lord and Lady Basing ##Lord and Lady Bateman ##Lady Evelyn Bathurst ##Lord and Lady Battersea ##Lady Steuart Bayley ##Lady Violet Beauchamp ##Lord Osborne Beauclerk and Lady Beauclerk (2) ##Lady A. Beaumont ##Lady Bedford ##Lord and Lady Belhaven and Stenton and Dowager Belhaven and Stenton ##Lord and Lady Bellew and Dowager Bellew ##Lord and Lady Belper ##Lady Charles Beresford ##Lady William Beresford (Lilian Duchess of Marlborough) ##Lady Bergne ##Lord and Lady Bertie and Lady Elizabeth Bertie ##Lady Biddulph, Lady Elizabeth Biddulph and Lady Wilfreda Biddulph ##Lady Bigge ##Lord and Lady Bingham ##Lord and Lady Binning ##Lord Blackwood, Lord Basil Blackwood. Lady Hermione Blackwood and Lord Terence Blackwood ##Lady Bloomfield ##Lady Blythswood ##Lord and Lady Bolton ##Lady Maud Bootle-Wilbraham, Lady Bertha Bootle-Wilbraham and Lady Edith Bootle-Wilbraham ##Lord Borthwick ##Lady Margaret Boscawen ##Lord and Lady Boston ##Lady Boughey ##Lady Albreda Bourke and Lady Florence Bourke ##Lady Bowen ##Lady Bower ##Lady Muriel Boyle and Lady Boyle (2) ##Lady Mary Brabazon ##Lady Brackenbury ##Lady Braddon ##Lady Bramwell ##Lady Bramston ##Lord Brassey, Lady Idina Brassey and Lady Violet Brassey ##Lord and Lady Braye ##Lady Mary Bridgeman ##Lady Eleanor Brodie ##Lady Hilda Brodrick ##Lady De Capel Brooke and Dowager Brooke ##Lady Cunliffe Brooks ##Lord and Lady Brougham and Vaux ##Lord and Lady Ulick Browne, Lady Browne and Lady Crichton Browne ##Lady Brownlow ##Lord and Lady F. Brudenell-Bruce ##Lady Brunner ##Dowager Buchanan-Riddeil ##Lady Audrey Buller ##Lady Burdett ##Lord and Lady Burghclere ##Lord Burghley ##Lady Agnes Burne ##Lady Burrell ##Lord and Lady Burton ##Lady Butler and Lady Butler (2) ##Lord and Lady Arthur Butter ##Lady Buxton and Lady Victoria Buxton ##Lady Susan Byng ##Lord and Calthorpe ##Lady C. Cameron and Lady Margaret Cameron ##Lord and Lady Archibald Campbell and Lady A. Campbell ##Lord and Lady George Campbell ##Lady Campbell-Bannerman ##Lord and Lady Camoys ##Lord and Lady Carbery and Dowager Carbery ##Lady Carbutt ##Lady Cardon ##Lord and Lady Cardross ##Lord and Lady Carew ##Lady Carmichael ##Lord and Lady Carnegie ##Lord and Lady Castlemaine ##Lord and Lady Castletown ##Lady Eva Cathcart and Lady R. Cathcart ##Lady Frederick Cavendish, Lady Myra Cavendish, Lady Evelyn Cavendish and Lady Harriet Cavendish ##Lord Charles Cavendish-Bentinck, Lord and Lady Henry Cavendish-Bentinck, Lord William Cavendish-Bentinck, Lady Ottoline Cavendish-Bentinck ##Lord and Eustace Cecil, Lord Hugh Cecil, Lord and John Cecil, Lord and Edward Cecil, Lord and Lady Robert Cecil, Lord W. Cecil, Lady Gwendolen Cecil, Lady Florence Cecil, Lady William Cecil, Lady Louisa Cecil ##Lady Francis Cecil-Dallas ##Lady Chamberlain ##Lady Chelmsford ##Lord and Lady Chesham ##Lady Chetwode ##Lord Cheylesmore ##Lord and Lady Fitzwarine Chichester ##Lady Chitty ##Lady Cholmeley ##Lady Henry Cholmondeley ##Lady Clements (2) ##Lady Churchill, Lady Randolph Churchill, Dowager Churchill, Lady Spencer Churchill (2) ##Lord Edward Spencer-Churchill, Lady Alfred Spencer-Churchill ##Lord and Lady Churston ##Lord and Lady Clifford of Chudleigh ##Lady Marshal Clarke, Lady E. Clarke ##Lady Isabel Clayton ##Lord and Lady Clinton ##Lord and Lady Clonbrock ##Lord Cloncurry ##Lady Muriel Close ##Lady Evelyn Cobbold ##Lady Cochrane, Lady Gertrude Cochrane, Lady Adela Cochrane ##Lady Coddington ##Lady Mabel Coke ##Lord and Lady Colchester ##Lady Cole (2) ##Lady Colebrooke ##Lord and Lady Coleridge ##Lady Collins ##Lady Colomb ##Lady Colvile, Lady Colville ##Lord and Lady Colville of Culross ##Lady Jane Seymour Combe, Lady Constance Combe ##Lady Commerell ##Lord and Lady Alwyne Compton ##Lady Dowager Congleton ##Lord and Lady Connemara ##Lady Conyers ##Lady Blanche Conyngham ##Lady Cooper ##Lady Evelyn Cotterell ##Lord and Lady Cottesloe ##Lady Couch ##Lord and Lady Courtenay ##Lady Coventry (2) ##Lady Cowell ##Lady Helen Craven ##Lord and Lady Crawshaw ##Lady Evelyn Crichton, Lady Emma Crichton ##Lord Crofton ##Lady Cromer ##Lady Mary Crosse ##Lady Crossley ##Lady Mary Cuffe ##Lady Culme-Seymour ##Lady Cunliffe ##Lady Georgiana Curzon ##Lady Elizabeth Cust ##Lady Ida Dalzell ##Lady Mary Dashwood ##Lord and Lady Davey ##Lady Victoria Dawnay, Lady Evelyn Dawnay, Lady Adelaide Dawnay ##Lady Decies ##Lord and Lady De Freyne ##Lord and Lady De L’Isle and Dudley ##Lord De Manley ##Lady Mildred Denison, Lady Elinor Denison ##Lord Deramore ##Lord and Lady De Ramsey ##Lady Dering ##Lady De Ross ##Lord and Lady De Saumarez ##Lady Des Voeux ##Lady De Trafford, Lady Agnes De Trafford ##Lady De Winton ##Lord and Lady Digby ##Lady Dorchester ##Lady Dorington ##Lady Margaret Douglas, Lady Edith Douglas ##Lady H. Douglas-Hamilton ##Lady Dowell ##Lady Drummond, Lady Edith Drummond ##Lady Du Cane ##Lady Duckworth ##Lady Eva Dugdale ##Lord Dunally ##Lady Florence Duncombe, Lady Ulrica Duncombe, Lady Caroline Duncombe ##Lady Alice Dundas ##Lord and Lady Dunleath ##Lord Dunglass ##Lady Dunn ##Lord Dunsandle and Clanconal ##Lady Durand ##Lord Dynevor ##Lord Ebury ##Lady Edmonstone ##Lady Edwards, Lady J. B. Edwards, Lady Blanche Edwards ##Lady Ernestine Edgcumbe ##Lady Egerton (2) ##Lord Egerton of Tatton ##Lady Grey-Egerton ##Lord and Lady Elcho ##Lord and Lady Elibank ##Lady Ellenborough ##Lady Ellis ##Lord and Lady Elphinstone ##Lady Winifred Cary-Elwes ##Lady Engleheart ##Lord Erskine, Lady Erskine (2), Lady Horatia Erskine, Lady Erskine ##Lord and Lady Esher ##Lady Evans ##Lady Evelyn Ewart, Lady Mary Ewart ##Lady Evelyn Eyre ##Lady Fairbairn ##Lady Fairfax ##Lady Anne Fane, Lady Augusta Fane ##Lady Farquhar ##Lord and Lady Farrer ##Lady Fayrer ##Lady Louisa Feilding ##Lady Helen Munro Ferguson ##Lady Fergusson ##Lady Ffolkes ##Lady Finlay ##Lady Fisher ##Lady Dorothea Fitz-Clarence, Lady Maria Fitz-Clarence, Lady Dorothy Fitzclarence ##Lord and Lady Henry Fitz-Gerald, Lady B. Fitz Gerald, Lady M. FitzGerald, Lord Seymour Fitz-Gerald ##Lady Beatrix Fitzmaurice ##Lord and Lady F. FitzRoy, Lady C. Fitz-Roy ##Lady Mary Fitzwilliam ##Lady FitzWygram ##Lady Fletcher ##Lady Flower, Lady Flower ##Lord Foley, Lady Mary Foley ##Lady Gertrude Foljambe ##Lady Angela Forbes, Lady Forbes (2), Dowager Helen Forbes ##Lord and Lady Forester ##Lady Forrest ##Lady Susan Fortescue ##Lady Forwood ##Lady Foster ##Lady Fowler ##Lady Edith Franklin ##Lady Fremantle, Lady Fremantle ##Lady Frere ##Lady Fulton ##Lady Gardiner, Lady Lynedoch Gardiner ##Lord Garioch ##Lady Galton ##Lady Katharine Gathorne-Hardy ##Lady Garvagh ##Lord and Lady Gerard ##Lady Gilbey ##Lady Gillford ##Lady Susan Gilmour ##Lady Gipps ##Lord and Lady Glamis ##Lord and Lady Glenesk ##Lady Glyn, Lady Mary Carr Glyn ##Lady D'Arcy Godolphin-Osborne ##Lady Gordon ##Lady Margaret Ormsby Gore, Lady Constance Gore ##Lady Gore Langton (2) ##Lord Walter Gordon-Lennox, Lord Algernon Gordon-Lennox ##Lady Evelyn Goschen ##Lord R. S. Gower ##Lady Graham, Lady Margaret Graham, Lady Helen Graham ##Lady Charlotte Graham-Toler ##Lady Grant, Lady Florence Grant ##Lady Grant-Duff ##Lady Green ##Lord Greenock ##Lady Grenfell ##Lady Frances Gresley ##Lady Victoria Grey, Lady Grey ##Lady Jane Grey-Trefusis ##Lady Griffin ##Lady Helen Grimston ##Lord and Lady Arthur Grosvenor, Lady Grosvenor (2) ##Lady Gull ##Lady Haldon ##Lady Haliburton ##Lady Basil Hall ##Lady Halle ##Lord and Lady Halsbury ##Lord and Lady E. Hamilton, Lord F. Hamilton, Lady F. Douglas Hamilton, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, Lady Baillie Hamilton (2), Lady C. Hamilton, Lady Victoria Hamilton, Lady George Hamilton ##Lady Hanson ##Lady Harcourt ##Lady Cicely Hardy, Lady Hardy ##Lady Beatrice Hare ##Lord Harlech ##Lady Constance Harris, Lady Harris ##Lady Harrison, Lady Harriet Harrison ##Lady Hart ##Lady Emily Hart-Dyke ##Lady Dixon-Hartland ##Lady Hartopp ##Lord and Lady Hastings ##Lord and Lady Hatherton ##Lady Alice Havelock-Allan ##Lady Hawke ##Lord and Lady Hawkesbury ##Lady John Hay, Lady Hay ##Lady Blanche Haygarth ##Lady Hayter ##Lady Hely-Hutchinson (2) ##Lady Hemming ##Lord and Lady Heneage ##Lord and Lady Henley ##Lord Henniker ##Lady Beatrix Herbert, Lady Herbert (2) ##Lord and Lady Herries ##Lord and Lady Herschell ##Lord Francis Hervey, Lady Augustus Hervey ##Lady Hervey-Bathurst ##Lady Fermor Hesketh ##Lady Hibbert ##Lady Lucy Hicks-Beach ##Lord and Lady Arthur Hill, Lady Clement Hill, Lady Stock Hill ##Lord and Lady Hillingdon ##Lord and Lady Hindlip ##Lord and Lady Hobhouse ##Lady Norah Hodgson ##Lady Holdich ##Lady Mary Holland ##Lady Beatrix Douglas Home ##Lady Maria Hood ##Lady Hood of Avalon ##Lady Hooker ##Lady Mary Hope ##Lady Hoskins ##Lord and Lady Hotham ##Lord and Lady Hothfield ##Lady Houldsworth ##Lady Eleanor Howard, Lady Agnes Howard, Lady Howard (2), Lady Mabel Howard, Lady Rachel Howard ##Lord and Lady Howard of Glossop ##Lady Howarth ##Lady Mary Hozier ##Lady Florentia Hughes ##Lady Seager Hunt ##Lady Hunter ##Lord Hyde ##Lady Hylton ##Lord and Lady Inchiquin ##Lord Inverurie ##Lord and Lady Iveagh ##Lady Jackson ##Lord James of Hereford ##Lady Margaret Jenkins, Lady Jenkins ##Lady Jenner ##Lady Jephson ##Dowager Jessel, Lady Jessell ##Lady Jeune ##Lady Hill Johnes ##Lady Joicey ##Lady Alice Jolliffe ##Lady Burn Jones ##Lady Caroline Lister Kaye, Lady Beatrice Lister Kaye, Lady Lister Kaye ##Lady Isabella Keane ##Lady Keith-Falconer (2) ##Lord and Lady Kelvin ##Lady Kemball ##Lady Beatrice Kemp ##Lady Kennard ##Lady Kennaway ##Lady Aline Kennedy ##Lady Kennett-Barrington ##Lord Kenyon ##Lady Mabel Kenyon-Slaney ##Lord Kensington ##Lady Mary Stuart Keppel ##Lady Innes-Ker (2) ##Lady Kerr (2) ##Lord Kilmarnock ##Lady King ##Lady Florence King King ##Lady Emily Kingscote ##Lady Edith King-Tenison ##Lord and Lady Kinnaird ##Lady Kitson ##Lady Laking ##Lady Frances Lambart, Lady Ellen Lambart ##Lady Victoria Lambton ##Lady Adela Larking ##Lady Isabel Larnach ##Lady Mary Lascelles ##Lord and Lady Lawrence ##Lady Lawson ##Lord and Lady Leconfield ##Lady Elliott Lees, Lady Lees ##Lady Leese ##Lady Legard ##Lord and Lady Leigh ##Lady Henry Gordon-Lennox, Lady Walter Gordon-Lennox, Lady Algernon Gordon-Lennox, Lady Caroline Gordon-Lennox ##Lady Katharine Le Poer Trench ##Lady Constance Leslie ##Lady Susan Leslie-Melville ##Lady Lewis ##Lady Lilian Liddell ##Lady Lindley ##Lady Harriet Lindsay, Lady Jane Lindsay, Lady Jane Lindsay ##Lord and Lady Lingen ##Lord and Lady Lister ##Lady Gwendolen Little ##Lady Margaret Littleton ##Lord and Lady Llangattock ##Lady Llewelyn ##Lord and Lady Loch ##Lady Lockwood ##Lady Louise Loder ##Lady Catherine Loftus ##Lady Doreen Long ##Lady Longley ##Lady Albertha Lopes ##Lady Loraine ##Lord and Lady Lovat ##Lady Drury Lowe, Lady Lucy Drury Lowe ##Lady Lowry-Corry (2) ##Lady Mary Loyd ##Lady Lubbock ##Lord and Lady Lurgan and Dowager Lurgan ##Lady Lyall ##Lady Lyell ##Lady Mary Lygon ##Lady Lyons ##Lady Lysons ##Lady Lyttelton ##Lady Emily Lytton ##Lady MacCormac ##Lord and Lady Macdonald ##Lady Macgregor, Lady MacGregor, Lady Helen MacGregor ##Lady Mackenzie, Lady Mackenzie ##Lady Mackworth ##Lady Maclean ##Lord and Lady Macnaghten ##Lady Macpherson-Grant ##Lady Caroline Madden, Lady Madden ##Lady Louisa Magenis ##Lady Magheramorne, Dowager Magheramorne ##Lady Nora Maitland ##Lady Margaret Crichton-Maitland ##Lady Margaret Majendie ##Lord Cecil Manners, Lord Edward Manners, Lord Manners, Lady Victoria Manners, Lady Manners ##Lady Blundell Maple ##Lady Mappin ##Lady Marjoribanks ##Lady Markham ##Lady Marriott ##Lady Martin, Lady Martin ##Lady Evelyn Mason ##Lady Maude (2) ##Lady H. Maxwell, Lady Maxwell, Lady Maxwell, Lady Maxwell ##Lady Heron-Maxwell ##Lady M'Clintock ##Lady Evelyn M'Donnell ##Lady Meade (2) ##Lord and Lady Medway ##Lady Methuen ##Lady Meysey-Thompson ##Lord and Lady Middleton, Lady Middleton ##Lady Mary Milbanke ##Lady Miller ##Lady Milner ##Lady Clementina Mitford ##Lady Lady M'lver ##Lady Hilda M'Neile ##Lady Monckton ##Lord Moncreiff, Lady Scott Moncrieff ##Lady Moncreiffe ##Lord and Lady Monkswell ##Lady Monson ##Lord Charles Montagu, Lady Cecil Scott Montagu, Lady S. Montagu, Lady Agneta Montagu ##Lord Montagu of Beaulieu ##Lord and Lady Monteagle ##Lady Edith Montgomerie, Lady Sophia Montgomerie ##Lady Charlotte Montgomery ##Lady More-Molyneux ##Lord and Lady Moreton ##Lady Morgan ##Lord and Lady Morris ##Lady Blanche Morris ##Lady Mary Morrison ##Lady Moseley ##Lord and Lady Mostyn ##Lord and Lady Mowbray and Stourton, Dowager Mowbray and Stourton, Lady Mowbray ##Lord and Lady Muncaster ##Lady Anne Murray ##Lady Murray (2) ##Lady Georgiana Mure, Lady Georgiana Mure [sic] ##Lord and Lady Napier and Ettrick ##Lord and Lady Napier of Magdala and Dowager Napier of Magdala ##Lady Naylor-Leyland ##Lady Nelson ##Lord and Lady Henry Nevill ##Lord and Lady Newton ##Lord and Lady Newtown-Butler ##Lady Nicolson ##Lady Augusta Noel, Lady Agnes Noel ##Lady Norman ##Lord and Lady Norreys ##Lord and Lady North, Lady Muriel North ##Lady Northcote, Lady Northcote (2) ##Lord Norton ##Lady Elizabeth Nugent ##Lady O'Brien, Lady O'Brien [sic] ##Lady O'Hagan ##Lady Olpherts ##Lord and Lady O'Neill ##Lady Gwendoline O'Shee ##Princep [sic] Alice Packe ##Lord and Lady Berkeley Paget ##Lady Alfred Paget ##Lady Paget of Cranmore ##Lady Katherine Pakenham ##Lady Palgrave ##Lady Sophia Palmer, Lady Palmer ##Lady Evelyn Parker ##Lady Parratt ##Lady Maude Parry ##Lady Muriel Parsons ##Lord and Lady Pearson, Lady Pearson ##Lady Peel, Lady Georgiana Peel ##Lady Constance Childe-Pemberton ##Lord and Lady Penrhyn ##Lady Mary Pepys ##Lady Perceval ##Lady Percy (2) ##Lady Petre ##Dowager Lady Peyton ##Lady Phillimore ##Lady William Phipps ##Lord and Lady Pirbright ##Lord and Lady Playfair ##Lady Chichele Plowden ##Lady Anna Chandos-Pole ##Lady Pollock ##Lord and Lady Poltimore ##Lady Pontifex ##Lady Alice Portal ##Lady Powell, Lady Powell [sic] ##Lady Baden-Powell ##Lady Dickson-Poynder ##Lady Poynter ##Lord and Lady George Pratt ##Lady Priestley ##Lady Probyn ##Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin, Lady Wyndham-Quin (2) ##Lord and Lady Raglan, Dowager Raglan ##Lady Ramsay ##Lord and Lady Rathdonnell ##Lady Rathmore ##Lord and Lady Rayleigh, Dowager Rayleigh ##Lord and Lady Reay ##Lady Reid ##Lord and Lady Rendel ##Lord Rendlesham ##Lady Jane Repton ##Lord Revelstoke ##Lord and Lady Ribblesdale ##Lady Laura Ridding ##Lord and Lady Robartes ##Lady O. Roberts ##Lady Roberts of Kandahar ##Lady Robinson ##Lord and Lady Rodney ##Lord Romilly ##Lord and Lady Rookwood ##Lord and Lady Rossmore ##Lord Rowton ##Lady Roxburgh ##Lord and Lady Rothschild ##Lady Victoria Russell, Lady Arthur Russell, Lady G. Russell, Lady W. H. Russell, Lady Alexander Russell ##Lord and Lady Russell of Killowen ##Lord and Lady Ruthven ##Lady Jane Ryan ##Lady Mary Sackville ##Lady Salmon ##Lord and Lady Saltoun ##Lady Samuelson, Lady S. Samuel ##Lady Mary Saurin ##Lord and Lady Savile, Lady Marie Savile ##Lady Savory ##Lord George Scott, Lord Henry Scott, Lord Herbert Scott, Lady Sophie Scott, Lady Charles Scott, Lady Louisa Scott, Lady Scott (2) ##Lord and Lady Seaton ##Lord and Lady Settrington ##Lady Seymour, Lady Albert Seymour, Lady William Seymour, Lady Seymour (2) ##Lord and Lady Shand ##Lady Shaw ##Lady Constance Shaw-Lefevre ##Lady Octavia Shaw-Stewart, Lady Alice Shaw-Stewart ##Lady Mary Shelley ##Lord and Lady Sherborne ##Lady Shippard ##Lady Shute ##Lady Kay-Shuttleworth ##Lady Simeon ##Lady Simmons ##Lady Simpson of Windsor ##Lord and Lady Sinclair ##Lord and Lady Skelmersdale ##Lady Esther Smith, Lady Barbara Smith, Lady Smith, Lady Blanche Smith, Lady Sybil Smith, Lady Euan Smith, Lady D. Smith ##Lady Smyth ##Lady Catherine Somerset, Lady Geraldine Somerset, Lady Henry Somerset ##Lord and Lady Southampton, Dowager Southampton ##Lady Edward Spencer-Churchill ##Lady Margaret Spicer ##Lady Sprigg ##Lady Stafford ##Lord Stalbridge ##Lady Stanhope (2) ##Lord Stanmore ##Lord Stanley, Lady Alice Stanley, Lady Isobel Stanley ##Lady Stansfield ##Lord Stavordale ##Lady Stephenson ##Lady Stevenson ##Lady Helen Stewart, Lady Mary Stewart, Lady Mark Stewart, Lady Stewart, Lady Houston Stewart, Lady Stewart [sic], Lady Isabel Stewart ##Lady Stewart of Grantully ##Lady Edith St. Aubyn ##Lord and Lady St. Levan ##Lady St. Leonards ##Lord and Lady St. Oswald ##Lady Stone ##Lady Charlotte Stopford ##Lord and Lady Stratheden and Campbell ##Lady Mary Stuart-Richardson ##Lord Suffield ##Lady Sutherland ##Lady Evelyn Sutton, Lady Susan Sutton ##Lord and Lady Swansea ##Lady Swinnerton Dyer ##Lady Kathleen Swinnerton-Pilkington ##Lord and Lady E. Talbot, Lady Emma Talbot ##Lady Jane Taylor ##Lady Taylour (2) ##Lady Tatton Sykes ##Lord Herbert Vane-Tempest, Lord Henry Vane-Tempest ##Lord and Lady Templemore ##Lady Tennant ##Lord and Lady Tennyson ##Lady Tenterden ##Lord Tewkesbury ##Lord and Lady Teynham ##Lord and Lady Thring ##Lady E. Thornton ##Lady Thursby ##Lady Ulrica Thynne ##Lord and Lady Tollemache ##Lady Agnes Townshend ##Lady Mary Trefusis ##Lady Tredegar ##Lady Trevelyan, Lady Trevelyan [sic] ##Lord and Lady Trevor ##Lady Troubridge ##Lady Turner ##Lady Henrietta Turnor ##Lady Tuson ##Lord and Lady Tweedmouth ##Lady Tyler ##Lady Emily Van De Weyer ##Lady Jane Van Koughnet ##Lord and Lady Ventry ##Lady Villiers (2), Lady Edith Villiers ##Lady Howard Vincent, Lady Helen Vincent, Lady Vincent ##Lady Vivian, Lady Jane Vivian ##Lady Mary Waldegrave ##Lady F. F. Walker, Lady James Walker ##Lady Walrond ##Lady Clementine Walsh ##Lord Wandsworth ##Lady Wantage ##Lord Warksworth ##Lady Leucha Warner ##Lady Warrender ##Lord and Lady Watson ##Lady Cecilia Webb ##Lady Rose Weigall ##Lord Welby ##Lady Willes ##Lady Willis ##Lady Arthur Wellesley ##Lord and Lady Wenlock ##Lord and Lady Westbury and Dowager Westbury ##Lady Isabella Whitbread ##Lady White ##Lady Whitehead ##Lady Whiteway ##Lady Elizabeth Williamson ##Lady Williams-Wynn ##Lady Willoughby (2) ##Lord Willoughby de Broke ##Lord Willoughby de Eresby ##Lady Willshire ##Lady Wilson, Lady Sarah Gordon Wilson ##Lord and Lady Wimborne ##Lady Windeyer ##Lord and Lady Windsor ##Lady Winnington ##Lady Constance Wodehouse ##Lord and Lady Wolverton ##Lady Julia Wombwell ##Lady Wood, Lady Mary Wood ##Lady Woods ##Lord Wrottesley ##Lady Hugh Wyndham ##Lady Barbara Yeatman ##Lady Lilian Yorke ##Lord Zouche #Right Honourables ##H. H. Asquith ##E. Ashley ##A. H. Dyke Acland ##J. Atkinson ##J. B. Balfour ##Sir G. Bowen ##G. W. Balfour ##Sir Hicks-Beach ##A. J. Balfour ##James Bryce ##Sir H. Campbell-Bannerman ##A. H. Smith-Barry ##E. Carson ##H. Chaplin ##Sir J. Chitty ##Jesse Collings ##Sir R. Couch ##G. N. Curzon ##J. Chamberlain ##L. Courtney ##Sir M. Grant-Duff ##A. Akers-Douglas ##Sir W. Hart Dyke ##Sir H. Elliot ##F. Foljambe ##Sir H. Fowler ##Sir A. B. Forwood ##Sir J. Fergusson ##Herbert Gladstone ##Sir J. Gorst ##G. J. Goschen ##W. E. Gladstone ##Sir G. Grey ##C. H. Hemphill ##Charles Seale-Hayne ##R. W. Hanbury ##Lord George Hamilton ##Staveley Hill ##Sir J. T. Hibbert ##Sir W. Harcourt ##lon Hamilton ##Sir Arthur Hayter ##Sir F. Jeune ##W. L. Jackson ##Sir John Kennaway ##G. Shaw-Lefevre ##W. Lidderdale ##Sir Massey Lopes ##James Lowther ##Sir J. Lubbock ##Sir H. Lopes ##Walter Long ##Sir N. Lindley ##J. W. Mellor ##Sir G. O. Morgan ##John Morley ##Arnold Morley ##Sir J. Mowbray ##A. J. Mundella ##J. H. Macdonald ##F. Max Müller ##Sir W. Marriott ##Graham Murray (the Lord Advocate) ##Sir E. Monson ##Sir P. O'Brien ##Sir A. Otway ##Sir F. Peel ##Sir R. Paget of Cranmore ##W. J. Pirrie ##J. P. Robertson ##Sir. J. Rigby ##C. T. Ritchie ##Sir S. H. Strong ##Sir B. Saunderson ##Sir J. Stansfeld ##Sir A. Smith ##C. R. Spencer ##Sir C. Kay-Shuttleworth ##Sir R. Temple ##Sir R. Thompson ##Sir E. Thornton ##Lord Henry Thynne ##Sir G. O. Trevelyan ##C. P. Villiers ##Sir Algernon West ##Sir C. L. Wyke ##C. B. Stuart-Wortley ##S. J. Way #Honourables<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 5a / Col. 5b) and Honourable Ladies<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 5b / Col. 5c) ##Mrs. Acland ##Mrs. Alexander ##H. Allsopp, Mrs. Allsopp, George Allsopp ##Mrs. Anstruther ##Mrs. Armytage ##[Hon. Lady] Vere Annesley ##Mrs. Bagot, Mrs. Bagot [sic 2x] ##Mrs. Baillie of Dochfour ##Mrs. Balfour ##[Hon.] Coplestone and [Hon.] Mrs. Bampfylde ##John Baring, Susan Baring, Lilian Baring ##Mrs. Barker ##Mrs. Barlow ##Eric Barrington, Mrs. Barrington ##Mrs. Hamar Bass ##Misses Bateman-Hanbury (2) ##Allen B. Bathurst ##Mrs. Benyon ##[Hon. Lady] Beresford ##[Hon.] R. Chetwynd ##Arthur Chichester ##Lady Biddulph ##C. E. Bingham, Mrs. Bingham, Albert Bingham, Mrs. Bingham [sic x2] ##Lady Birkbeck ##Ivo Bligh, Mrs. Bligh ##Diana Sclater-Booth ##O. Borthwick ##J. Boscawen ##Henry Bourke, Mrs. H. Bourke, Charles Bourke, Terence Bourke, Mrs. T. Bourke, Algernon Bourke, Mrs. A. Bourke, Mrs. E. R. Bourke ##Charles Brand, Arthur Brand, Mrs. Brand, Mrs. T. Brand ##T. Brassey, Mrs. A. Brassey ##Mrs. Stapleton Bretherton ##Reginald Brett, Mrs. Brett ##Mrs. F. Bridgeman, Misses Bridgeman (2) ##Mrs. Britten ##W. St. John Brodrick, Albinia Brodrick ##Emmeline Brownlow ##Mrs. T. C. Bruce, Misses Bruce (2) ##Misses M'Clintock Bunbury (2) ##Mary Byng ##T. J. Byrnes ##Arthur Cadogan, Mrs. A. Cadogan, Mrs. C. Cadogan, Ethel Cadogan ##Mrs. Gough-Calthorpe, Rachel (Gough) Calthorpe, Misses Gough Calthorpe (2) ##Mrs. Candy ##G. H. Campbell, K. Campbell, Hugh Campbell, Mrs. H. Campbell, Mrs. Ronald Campbell, Misses Campbell (2), Mrs. J. B. Campbell, Mildred Campbell ##Mrs. Carington ##Mrs. Carpenter ##Emily Cathcart ##W. Cavendish, Mrs. W. Cavendish, Mrs. Cavendish ##Eleonora Chetwynd, Mrs. R. Chetwynd ##Mrs. A. Chichester, Hilda Chichester ##Mrs. Clowes ##T. H. Cochrane ##Audrey Coleridge ##George Colville ##Mrs. Corbett ##Mrs. H. Corry ##Caroline Courtenay ##Henry Coventry ##Osbert Craven ##Misses Cross ##Mrs. P. Crutchley ##Henry Cubitt, Mrs. Cubitt ##Hamilton Cuffe, Mrs. Otway Cuffe ##Lady Cunningham ##Montagu Curzon, Darea Curzon, Mrs. Curzon ##Hew Dalrymple ##John Dawnay, Eustace Dawnay, W. Dawnay, Mrs. Dawnay (2) ##Misses de Montmorency (2) ##Mrs. H. Dennison ##R. C. Devereux, Mrs. R. C. Devereux ##Mrs. Digby ##Conrad Dillon, Mrs. C. Dillon, Edith Dillon ##Misses Douglas-Pennant (2) ##A. Hay Drummond, Mrs. Hay Drummond, Frances Drummond, Mrs. M. Drummond ##Hubert V. Duncombe, Cecil Duncombe, Mrs. C. Duncombe ##C. T. Dundas, Mrs. C. T. Dundas, W. Dundas, Mrs. W. Dundas, Mrs. John Dundas ##Lady Du Cane ##Herbert Eaton, Mrs. H. Eaton ##F. Egerton, Mrs. A. F. Egerton, Lady Grey Egerton, Tatton Egerton, Mrs. T. Egerton ##Arthur Elliot, Mrs. Arthur Elliot, Lady Elliot, Mrs. Eliot ##Lilian Elphinstone ##Mrs. Ellis ##Muriel Erskine ##H. Escombe, Mrs. Escombe ##Mrs. Evans ##Mrs. C. Keith-Falconer ##Sir S. Ponsonby Fane ##Mrs. W. Farquhar ##Ailwyn Fellowes, Mrs. A. Fellowes ##Mrs. Ferguson of Pitfour ##Everard Fielding ##N. Fitzgerald, Mrs. N. Fitzgerald, Mrs. Fitzgerald, , Mrs. F. G. FitzGerald, Lady FitzGerald ##R. Fitzwilliam, W. H. Fitzwilliam ##Mary Forester ##Sir John Forrest ##Mrs. W. H. Forster ##Mrs. Lionel Fortescue ##Sir C. Fremantle, Mary Fremantle ##Sir Malcolm Fraser, Misses Fraser (2) ##Mrs. Charles Keith-Fraser ##Violet Gibson ##Evelyn Giffard ##Mrs. Henry Gladstone ##Lady Godley ##George Ormsby Gore ##F. Leveson-Gower ##Mrs. Gough ##Mrs. Alaric Grant ##Ronald Greville, Mrs. R. Greville, Louis Greville, Mrs. L. Greville, Sidney Greville, Mrs. A. Greville, Mrs. A. H. F. Greville ##Robert Grosvenor, Algernon Grosvenor, Mrs. A. Grosvenor, Maud Grosvenor, Elizabeth Grosvenor ##Lady Hamilton Gordon, [Hon. Lady] Nevil Gordon ##Misses Guest (2) ##Geoffrey Browne Guthrie ##Mrs. Gye ##Mrs. A. Haig ##Mrs. Halford ##, Misses Hamilton (2) ##Mrs. North Dalrymple-Hamilton ##Mrs. Hobart Hampden ##Mrs. Assheton Harbord, Mrs. C. Harbord, Judith Harbord, Bridget Harbord, Mrs. Harbord ##C. Hardinge, Mrs. C. Hardinge, A. Hardinge ##A. E. Gathorne-Hardy, Nina Gathorne-Hardy ##Misses Hawke (2) ##C. G. Hay ##Misses Heneage (2) ##Helen Henniker, Mrs. Henniker ##Robert Herbert, Sir Robert Herbert, Mrs. R. Herbert, Mrs. Herbert ##A. Holland Hibbert, Mrs. A. Holland Hibbert ##Lady Higginson ##Mrs. Hill ##Lionel Holland, Sydney Holland ##Grosvenor Hood, Dorothy Hood ##Lady Acland-Hood ##Fanny Hood of Avalon ##Mrs. Curzon Howe ##[Hon.] Evelyn Hubbard, Mrs. E. Hubbard, Alice Hubbard ##Mary Hughes ##Mrs. Meynell Ingram ##G. Jolliffe, Sydney H. Jolliffe, Mrs. Jolliffe ##Lady Johnston ##G. Keppel, Mrs. Keppel, Derek Keppel, Mrs. William Keppel ##Mrs. Alfred Ker ##Constance Kerr ##Mrs. Kingscote ##C. C. Kingston ##Lady Knollys ##Bertha Lambart ##F. W. Lambton, Mrs. Lambton ##Mary Lascelles ##Charles Laurence, Herbert Laurence ##Wilfrid Laurier ##Mrs. Lawley ##Mrs. C. Lawrence, Misses Lawrence (2), Mrs. H. Lawrence ##Mrs. Legge ##T. W. Legh, Mrs. Legh, Sybil Legh ##F. D. Leigh, Mrs. F. D. Leigh, E. Chandos Leigh, Mrs. E. C. Leigh, Cordelia Leigh ##C. Hanbury Lennox, Mrs. Hanbury Lennox ##G. W. Leslie ##R. l’Estrange ##Atholl Liddell, Mrs. A. Liddell ##Mrs. H. Gore-Lindsay ##Reginald Lister ##Henry Littleton, Misses Littleton (2) ##Misses Loch (2) ##William Lowther, Mrs. W. Lowther, L. Lowther, Mrs. L. Lowther ##Mrs. E. H. Loyd ##Mrs. Lumley ##Alfred Lyttelton, Mrs. A. Lyttelton, Misses Lyttelton (2), Mrs. Lyttelton ##Flora Macdonald, Lady Macdonald ##Mrs. Mackinnon ##Mrs. Maclagan ##Mrs. Magniac ##Mrs. Maguire ##W. Massey-Mainwaring, Mrs. Massey-Mainwaring ##Mrs. Fuller-Maitland ##Aline Majendie ##Misses Henniker Major (2) ##Mrs. Mallet ##Archibald Marjoribanks ##Misses Constable Maxwell (2) ##Mrs. M'Calmont ##Schomberg M'Donnell ##Charles Mills, Violet Mills, Mrs. Mills ##Mrs. Percy Mitford ##Maud de Moleyns ##Mrs. C. Molyneux ##Annette Monck, Mrs. Monck ##Violet Monckton ##Mrs. Monson ##John Scott Montagu ##[Hon.] Evelyn Moore ##R. Moreton, Mrs. R. Moreton ##Mrs. Mostyn, Misses Mostyn (2) ##Mrs. G. H. Murray, Alice Murray ##Lady Musgrave ##[Hon. Lady] Napier, Emilia Napier, Mrs. Scott Napier ##Mrs. Neeld ##Sir Hugh Nelson ##[Hon.] R. Nevill ##Mrs. Newdigate ##Sir H. S. Northcote ##Misses O'Brien (2) ##Mary O'Hagan ##Mrs. Okeover ##Mrs. Oliphant ##R. Terence O'Neill, Henrietta O'Neill ##Misses Palk (2) ##Cecil Parker, R. Parker, F. Parker, Mrs. F. Parker, Mrs. Parker ##Mabel Parnell ##[Hon.] C. B. Parsons, Mrs. Parsons ##Mrs. W. Paton ##[Hon.] Sydney Peel, Misses Peel (2) ##Mrs. Anderson Pelham ##E. S. Douglas-Pennant, Mrs. E. S. Douglas-Pennant ##Mrs. Heber Percy ##Albert Petre, Mrs. A. Petre ##Harriet Phipps ##Mrs. Pirie ##Thomas Playford ##Horace C. Plunkett ##[Hon.] Ashley Ponsonby, Mrs. Ponsonby, Misses Ponsonby (2) ##H. Orde Powlett, Mrs. Orde-Powlett, Myra Orde-Powlett ##E. W. B. Portman, Mrs. Portman, Mary Portman ##Mrs. Pretyman ##C. Ramsay, Mrs. C. Ramsay ##G. H. Reid ##Misses Rendel (2) ##Misses Rice (2) ##Lady White Ridley ##Mrs. Ritchie ##F. Roberts, Mrs. Phillips Roberts ##Misses Roberts (of Kandahar) (2) ##J. M. Rolls, Eleanor Rolls ##W. Rothschild, Evelina Rothschild ##W. Rowley, Mrs W. Rowley, Lady Thelluson Rowley ##A. Russell, Misses Russell (2) ##Gustavus Hamilton-Russell, Misses Hamilton Russell (2) ##the Master of Ruthven, Mrs. Ruthven ##Mrs. J. D. Ryder ##Sir Saul Samuel ##A. Saumarez, Mrs. A. Saumarez ##Mrs. E. J. Saunderson ##J. Maxwell Scott, Mrs. Maxwell Scott ##R. J. Seddon ##Mary Sidney ##Lady Simeon ##Misses Skeffington (2) ##Sir Donald Smith, Mrs. A. H. Smith, [Hon.] W. F. D. Smith ##Granville Somerset, Mrs. G. Somerset, Arthur Somerset, Mrs. A. Somerset, R. Somerset, Violet Somerset ##Mrs. C. R. Spencer ##Sir J. Gordon Sprigg ##Lyulph Stanley, F. C. Stanley, George Stanley, Mrs. E. J. Stanley, Mrs. Stanley, Mrs. V. A. Stanley, Maude Stanley ##Lady Cowell-Stepney ##Randolph Stewart, Mrs. R. Stewart, FitzRoy Stewart, Mrs. Stewart ##Mabel St. Aubyn ##Misses St. Clair (2) ##Mrs. Stirling ##Horatia Stopford ##[Hon. Lady] Alison Stourton ##Mrs. Strutt, Misses Strutt (2) ##Hilda Sugden ##Alfred Talbot, Mrs. Talbot, Mrs. R. A. J. Talbot ##Sir D. Tennant ##S. R. Thayer ##Misses Thellusson (2) ##Edward Thesiger, Mrs. E. Thesiger, Frederick Thesiger, Mrs. F. Thesiger, Mary Thesiger ##Lady Thorold ##Katharine Thring ##Misses Tollemache (2) ##R. Marsham-Townshend, Mrs. Marsham-Townshend ##Alice Hanbury-Tracy ##Charles Grey Trefusis, Misses Trefusis (2) ##Mrs. Trelawny ##Mrs Tremayne ##Mrs. W. le Poer Trench ##Charles Trevor ##George Hill-Trevor, Marcus Hill-Trevor, Mrs. Hill-Trevor, Misses Hill-Trevor (2) ##Mrs. C. W. Trotter ##Lady Tryon ##Rosamond Tufton ##Sir G. Turner ##Rev. L. Tyrwhitt ##Misses Tyssen Amherst (2) ##Misses Vereker (2) ##R. Greville-Verney, Mrs. R. G. Verney, Misses Verney (2) ##F. Villiers, Mrs. F. Villiers ##Misses Vivian (2) ##Arthur Walsh ##Mrs. P. E. Warburton ##Robert Ward, Mrs. Dudley-Ward ##Mrs. West ##Mrs. Whateley ##Sir W. Whiteway ##F. Bootle-Wilbraham ##Ella Williamson ##Tatton Willoughby ##Lady Wilson ##[Hon.] Armine Wodehouse, Mrs. Wodehouse ##Frances Wolseley ##F. Wood, Misses Wood (2) ##Mrs. G. Wrottesley, Evelyn Wrottesley ##Percy Wyndham, Mrs. P. Wyndham, Misses Wyndham (2) ##Maud Wynn ##Lois Yarde-Buller ##Alex. G. Yorke, Mrs. J. Yorke, Mrs. E. C. Yorke #Sirs<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 5c–6a) ##Augustus Adderley ##Edwin Arnold ##John Austin ##George Arthur ##John Heathcoat-Amory ##A. Armstrong ##Andrew Agnew ##Frederick Abel ##Henry Acland ##A. Arnold ##Alexander Arbuthnot ##John Barran ##G. Bower ##J. W. Bonser ##J. Crichton-Browne ##Joseph Bailey ##E. Ashmead-Bartlett ##Henry Barkly ##R. Beauchamp ##Raymond Burrell ##Charles Barrington ##David Baird ##Arthur Birch ##Edward Birkbeck ##W. Cunliffe Brooks ##A. de Capel Brooke ##Courtenay Boyle ##F. Burton ##F. Buxton ##Steuart Bayley ##John Bramston ##John Baker ##H. Bullard ##J. T. Brunner ##H. Bellingham ##Henry Bergne ##Thomas Boughey ##F. J. Bramwell ##E. Burne-Jones ##James Blyth ##Seymour Blane ##Henry Chamberlain ##Roderick Cameron ##Hugh Cholmeley ##John Conroy ##Edward Clarke ##C. Cameron ##E. Carbutt ##W. Coddington ##Marshal Clarke ##Reginald Cathcart ##Savile Crossley ##Edward Colebrooke ##Reginald Cust ##Charles Crosthwaite ##John Colomb ##Daniel Cooper ##F. Astley-Corbett ##Donald Currie ##Henry Cunningham ##Robert Cunliffe ##Henry Cotterell ##T. D. Gibson Carmichael ##F. Curden, ##George Dallas ##James Drummond ##Mortimer Durand ##G. Des Vieux ##Henry Dering ##J. N. Dick ##Dyce Duckworth ##T. Swinnerton Dyer ##E. Hastings Doyle ##John Dorington ##William Dunn ##Humphrey de Trafford ##Charles Dalrymple ##G. Dashwood ##Gardner ##Engleheart ##Francis Evans ##A. Edmonstone ##Whittaker Ellis ##W. H. Flower ##Horace Farquhar ##Joseph Fayrer ##H. Fletcher ##William Ffolkes ##William Fraser ##Bartle Frere ##Gerald Seymour Fitz-Gerald ##Robert Finlay ##B. Walter Foster, Gerald FitzGerald, R. FitzGerald, Maurice FitzGerald, Forrest Fulton, William Flower, Andrew Fairbairn, John Gilbert, E. T. Gourley, Edward Grey, W. Gull, Walter Gilbey, Lepel Griffin, G. Macpherson-Grant, Reginald Graham, Philip Grey Egerton, Douglas Galton, R. Glyn, Arthur Godley, Charles Grant, R. Gresley, Alexander Acland-Hood, T. G. Fermor Hesketh, Arthur Haliburton, Brydges Henniker, F. Dixon-Hartland, R. Hanson, Alfred Hickman, W. Houldsworth, Henry Howorth, F. Seager Hunt, Charles Hall, E. W. Hamilton, Reginald Hardy, Clement Hill, Basil Hall, Joseph Hooker, Charles Hunter, Charles Hartopp, Victor Houlton, Augustus Hemming, Henry Irving, Frederic Johnstone, W. Jenner, J. Jenkins, James Joicey, Charles Jessell, Harry Johnston, Edward Jenkinson, James Hill Johnes, John Jackson, H. Seymour King, James Kitson, J. Lister-Kaye, V. Kennett-Barrington, George Kekewich, John Leslie, Thomas Dick Lander, T. Villiers Lister, James Linton, Charles Lees, Charles Legard, Thomas Lea, Wilfrid Lawson, Elliott Lees, A. C. Lyall, J. T. D. Llewelyn, Joseph Leese, Leonard Lyell, F. Laking, Godfrey Lushington, F. Lockwood, Henry Longley, George Lewis, F. Milner, Herbert Maxwell, Francis Montefiore, Graham Montgomery, Robert Moncreiffe, Musgrave, Colin Scott Moncrieff, Francis Mowatt, Evan MacGregor. J. G. Miller, F. D. Maclean, J. Blundell Maple, Allan Mackenzie, Lewis M'lver, F. Mappin, Theodore Martin, Samuel Montagu, William MacCormac, Hubert Miller, Lewis Morris, Clements Markham, A. C. Mackenzie, John Monckton, J. Stirling-Maxwell, J. Heron Maxwell, Kenneth Matheson, J. S. Montefiore, Acquin Martin, W. Maxwell, Oswald Moseley, Arthur Nicolson, Terence O'Brien, Reginald Ogilvy, Herbert Oakeley, Hush Owen, G. G. Petre, Walter Parratt, Frederick Pollock, Herbert Perrott, Douglas Powell, Weetman Pearson, Joseph Pease, Francis S. Powell, Reginald Palgrave, W. Priestley, E. G. Poynter, G. S. Baden-Powell, Charles Pontifex, J. Dickson-Poynder, James Paget, C. M. Palmer, C. Lennox Peel, James B. Peile, Westby Perceval, Charles Pigott, John Puleston, W. Plowden, Richard Quain, George Russell, C. Lister Ryan, W. H. Russell, J. Ramsay, Owen Roberts, R. T. Reid, Charles Robinson, J. Thellusson Rowley, James Reid, C. Euan-Smith, J. Barrington Simeon. J. B. Stone, M. Shaw-Stewart, Edward Sieveking, T. H. Sanderson, Augustus K. Stephenson, Thomas Sutherland, Mark Stewart, Andrew Scoble, Joseph Savory, Douglas Straight, Charles Shelley, S. Shippard, E. Sassoon, A. Condie Stephen, E. Sullivan, Arthur Sullivan, S. Scott, H. Simpson, E. Stafford, Ernest Satow, Tatton Sykes, John Tyler, Charles Tennant, John Tenniel, J. Thorold, John Thursby, Thomas Troubridge, Charles Turner, H. Meysey-Thompson, W. Vincent, Edgar Vincent, Arthur Vicars, W. Williams-Wynn, James Walker, R. Webster, George Wombwell, C. Rivers Wilson, W. H. Wills, Donald Mackenzie Wallace, George Warrender, F. Winnington, James Whitehead, Arthur Willshire, Henry Wood, Hugh Wyndham, W. White, Sidney Waterlow, Hedworth Williamson, Jacob Wilson, W. Windeyer, Albert Woods (Garter), Allen Young #Chairman of County Council (Dr. Collins) #Counts — Cassini, De Ganay, Gurowski, Hohenau, Theodor Bolesta Koziebrodski, Leon Mniszeek, Potocki, Raben #Countesses — De Ganay, Potocki, Raben #Barons — De Onethau, Alphonse de Rothschild, Ferdinand Rothschild, Schröder, von Deichmann, yon Heeckeren van Wassenaer, Campbell von Laurentz #Baronesses — De Brienen, D’Onethan, Alphonse de Rothschild, Schroder, von Deichmann, Emile Beaumont d'Erlanger, von Hügel, Gertrud von Hügel, Campbell von Laureutz, Wilhelm von Rothschild #Rev. the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland #Deans — Christ Church, St. Paul's, Westminster, Windsor #The Provost of Eton #Master of Trinity (Mr. Butler) #The Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal #Canons — Blundell, Dalton, Duckworth, Fleming, Hervey, Teignmouth Shore, Wilberforce #Dr. Adler (Chief Rabbi) #Dr. M'Cormick #Chaplain of the Fleet #Chaplain General #Reverend Doctors — Edmund Warre, C. J. Welldon #Reverends — Prebendary Hawkshaw, Albert Baillie, W. H. Bliss, M. Ebrington Bisset, Lord W. Cecil, Lord Charles Fitzroy, J. H. Ellison, H. Haweis, W. R. Jolly, G. J. Martin, Newton Mant, Marquis of Normanby, A. Robins. W. Gunion Rutherford, Clement Smith, Montagu Villiers #Doctors — Lennox Browne, J. V. Bridge, Barlow, Robert Farquharson, J. F. Fox, Surgeon-Major Kilkelly, John Lowe, C. H. H. Parry, G. V. Poore, Dorrien Smith, S. Wilks #Messieurs<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 6b–7a) — Astor, B. F. Astley, W. Astor, Alfred Austin, Hamilton Aidé, Arthur Ash, W. Ambrose, E. H. Anson, Edward Alderson, John Aird, H. T. Anstruther, C. T. Dyke-Acland, Adeane, A. Asher, Ascroft, Allhusen, R. Anderson, George Alexander, Arbuthnot, Leonard Biddulph, Beresford, Stapleton Bretherton, F. Stapleton Bretherton, Bertier, R. G. Blennerhassett, Cosmo Bevan, R. Benson, Rupert Beckett, W. A. Baillie-Hamilton, Walter Baring, S. B. Bancroft (actor "Bancroft and his wife accepted with becoming grace the congratulations with which they were well-nigh overwhelmed"<ref name=":3" /> (5, Col. 6b)), Biddulph, H. R. Baird, J. Wolfe Barry, H. Bathurst, Victor Biddulph, Wentworth Beaumont, Wentworth B. Beaumont, F. Tress Barry, Baillie of Dochfour, Hamar Bass, G. Bridgman, C. G. O. Bridgeman, Edmund R. Boyle, Banbury, Sydney Buxton, C. H. Babington, A. O. Bruce, W. W. Beach, D. P. Barton, F. G. Barnes, J. Emmott Barlow, E. Bainbridge, James Bailey, J. G. A. Baird, Bolitho, H. C. O. Bonsor, E. W. Beckett, Boulnois. M. M. Bhownaggree, F. F. Begg, Charles Bell, M. Biddulph, Buchanan, A. Birrell, J. G. Butcher, W. R. Bousfield, Barton, Brookfield, T. G. Bowles, Brymer, A. H. Brown, W. Burns, Bucknill, E. Balfour, Baxendale, Bell, Barnes, Benson, Bischoffsheim, Beer, Charles Balfour, F. Bibby, Bigham, Baldwin, Bigwood, R. M. Beachcroft, Brigg, Banks, F. Bevan, H. L. C. Brassey, F. C Burnand, Bagge, Burges, F. Cavendish-Bentinck, Cavendish-Bentinck, Childe-Pemberton, Shepherd Cross, R. Cox, Cobbold, Richard Combe, Henry Pelham Clinton, J. R. G. Cotterell, C. Tyrall Cavendish, Kinloch Cooke, Compton, V. Seymour Corkran, F. Cawley, J. D. Clark, Croombie, Cooke, F. S. W. Cornwallis, Consett, George Courroux, Purdon Clarke, F. L. Cook, Colston, Cameron, R. K. Causton, Victor Cavendish, Henry Cavendish, Percy Crutchley, Austen Chamberlain, Cecil Chaplin, Ernest Clarke. J. D. Campbell, W. A. Cockerell, DOyly Carte, W. M. Cazalet, Burdett-Coutts, Clowes, C. A. Cripps, Cayzer, Clark, Cory, Clough, Evelyn Cecil, W. W. Carlile, Channing, Ward Cook, J. A. Campbell, Atkinson Clark, B. Cohen, Cavendish, Wentworth Cole, T. B. Cochrane, Crawshay, A. Cross, Daniel Cooper, Cameron Corbett, Cruddas, D. Coghill, Wilfrid Cripps, F. Cazenove, P. H. Calderon, Critchett, C. Kinloch Cooke, Lee Dillon, Louis Davidson, W. E. Denison, W. H. Dudley-Ward, W. de Winton, De Trafford, C. S. Dickson, W. Rees Davies, Coningsby Disraeli, A. Drummond, F. Dugdale, R. Disraeli, Gerard Dicconson, J. de la Cour, W. Bromley-Davenport, G. Drummond, J. Diggle, Ben Davies, de Soria, J. K. Digby, C. B. Dalison, Greville Douglas, Kenelm E. Digby, Darling, Dicken, Vaughan Davies, Doxford, Deverell, Thiselton Dyer, Edwin de Lisle, Du Plat Taylor, F. Elliot, Bevan Edwards, Cary-Elwes, T. H. Elliott, Erskine, W. H. Evans, T. E. Ellis, R. Edgcumb, C. C. Edwards, Eyre, F. Eaton, H. P. Ewart, Maurice Euphrussi, M. Eliot, Fitzgerald, Almeric Fitzroy, Alfred Farquhar, J. N. Farquharson, Farquharson of Invercauld, Cecil Fane, G. H. Fane, Herbert Fisher, H. St. George Foley, Hayes Fisher, Dyafer Fakhry, W. Farquhar, Arnold-Forster, Fardell, Munro-Ferguson, W. S. Foster, Johnson-Ferguson, L. Fry, Farmer, Fielden, Firbank, Fison, Flannery, E. Flower, H. W. Forster, Bevill Fortescue, Fane, F. G. Fitzgerald, E. Farquhar, Franklin, J. S. Forbes, Forbes, John Ford, John Gordon, Henry Graves, George Grossmith ("George Grossmith was not a little lionised by titled ladies"<ref name=":3">“The Queen’s Garden Party. Buckingham Palace Grounds. A Brilliant Scene. The Queen’s Cup of Tea.” ''Daily News'' (London) 29 June 1897, Tuesday: 5 [of 10], Col. 6a [of 7] – 6, Col. 2a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000051/18970629/021/0005. Print pp. 5–6.</ref> (5, Col. 6b)), Howard of Greystoke, Hamilton Gatliff, G. P. Goldney, Goelet, Gye, Grifflth-Boscawen, A. Gosling, Geoffrey Drage, Otto Goldsmidt, Frank Gore, F. Graham, S. Hoffnung Goldnung Goldsmid, W. H. Kendal Grimston, Gilliat, Gadson, F. W. Gibbs, V. Gore, Goschen, J. E. Gordon, G. Leveson-Gower, E. A. Goulding, Graham, H. R. Graham, Ernest Gray, Montagu Guest, Garfit [?], H. D. Greene, W. R. Greene, J. A. Gretton, Henry Gladstone, W. H. Grenfell, S. W. Gore, Wilhelm Ganz, Scott Gatty, Charles Gold, Walter Gibson, Gurdon, W. Gillett, Sydney Gedge, Tyrell Giles, C. C. Graham, F. R. Gosset, A. C. Humphreys-Owen, G. M. Hutton, Heseltine, Claude Hay, Halford, E. Hope, Philip Henriques, C. D. Hohler, Hornyold, Carl Haag, Hardcastle, Hanbury, L. V. Harcourt, R. K. Hodgson, Adrian Hope, Beresford-Hope, J. Hozier, E. S. Howard, Horner, Maurice Holzman, A. C. Howard, Cozens-Hardy, Thomas Halsey, Hardy, James Hope, R. Hallett Holt, T. Hare, Hatch, R. B. Haldane, C. Harrison, J. Henniker Heaton, Hermon-Hodge, E. Brodie Hoare, G. Hoare, H. Hobhouse, VV. H. Hornby, R. P. Houston, G. B. Hudson, John Hutton, A. E. Hutton, Lewis Hall, Augustus Hare, George Harwood, G. T. Hertslet, Hartmann, H. Higgins, Hughes, Francis Hamilton, John Hare, Hungerford, Joseph Howard, Hope, R. R. Holmes, H. Howard, Haggard, Cecil Higgins, J. C. Horsley, The Munshi Abdul Hafiz Karim, Wootton Isaacson, E. R. Jenkins, Arthur James, Jacobs, Jebb, A. F. Jeffreys, J. H. Johnstone, Brynmor-Jones, H. C. Jervoise, W. James, Atherley-Jones, Philip Burne Jones, Henry Joslin, George Kemp, Nigel Kingscote, C. Kempe, W. Kenny, A. Kennard, J. Kenyon, Kearley, King King, Lees Knowles, Knowles, Kimber, Kuhe, T. Kingscote, Landon, Reginald Lucas, Letchworth, Lyon, Henry Gore Lindsay, E. H. Loyd, Leonard Lindsey, Drury Lowe, Fairfax Lucy, E. Law, Cecil Lister-Kaye, H. B. Lindsay, H. T. Lopes, J. Grant Lawson, H. Lubbock, W. A. Lindsay, A. K. Loyd, Lecky, W. F. Laurence, Edwin Laurence, J. W. Lowther, Luttrell, Loder, S. Leighton, W. C. F. Luttrell, E. Lloyd, Heathcote Long, L’Estrange, T. C. March, C. J. Murray, Mount, Morrell, R. J. More, Moon, E. P. Monckton, Monk, F. Bingham Mildmay, Beresford Melville, M’Laren, M'Ewan, Martin, H. H. Marks, lan Z. Malcolm, H. L. B. MCalmont, J. W. Maclure, Campbell Munro, J. Maclean, J. C. Macdona, W. G. E. Macartney, Muir Mackenzie, Hugh Morrison, G. H. Murray, P. C. Milbank, Bingham Mildmay, Alpin Macgregor, M. Myther, V. Montagu, Frederick Macmillan, C. M’Neill, Arundel St. John Mildmay, C. Maud, Fuller Maitland, A. Milman, W. A M’Arthur, Marjoribanks, W. H. Myers, F. W. Maude, Muntz, Charles Morley, Murdoch, A. B. F. Mitford, B. Mallet, Mure, Madden, W. J. Mure, R. Maguire, Mackinnon, Montgomerie, Maxwell-Lyte, Mason, Ronald Moncrieffe, Milvain, T. G. Menzies, G. Manners, Nicol, F. A. Newdigate, G. Noel, T. W. Nussey, Charles Orde, R. A. Oswald, M. Oldroyd, J. C. O'Dowd, Oswald, Oppenheim, Arthur Oliphant, C. L. Orr-Ewing, J. L. Pattison, J. Balfour Paul, Paton, A. Peckover, Archibald Peel, Perks, J. Pender, J. Penn, Price, Powell, Paoli, Constantine Phipps[,] Charles Phipps, Leslie Probyn, B. Faudel-Phillips, Wilton Phipps, L. Faudel-Phillips, Joseph Pease, Pollock, Arthur Pease, Roland Protheroe, Walter Peace, J. M. Paulton, Platt-Higgins, Pennefather, Provand, Guy Pym , A. E. Pease, Godfrey Pearse, Algernon Peel, A. V. Pryor, Montagu Price, Phelips, John Ponsonby, Hussey Packe, Wyndham Portal, Henry Petre, Lort Phillips, H. W. Primrose, E. Parkes, Herbert Praed, Heber Percy, Quilter, J. Rankin, Renshaw, J. A. Rentoul, H. C. Richards, Read, T. Richardson, A. T. Phillips Roberts, Hugo von Ruffer, Alexander Ramsay, Alderman and Sheriff Ritchie, Richardson, Rebow, G. L. Ryder, G. A. Redford, G. W. E. Russell, H. J. H. Russell, Pandeli Ralli, John Rutherford, J. Rennell Rodd, Leopold Rothschild, T. W. RusseII, Forbes Robertson, Alfred Rothschild, Brooke Robinson, Edmund Robertson, Repton, James Round, Royds, Henry Raikes, Bowen Rowlands, J. D. Ryder, Sheriff Hargreaves Rogers, Skeffington Smyth, Augustus Spalding, H. H. Shaw, E. Strachey, J. Murray Scott, J. Stern, P. L. Sclater, R. Sassoon, W. Sidebottom, Abel Smith, Louis Sinclair, C. H. Seely, Lucas Shadwell, W. E. T. Sharpe, C. E. Shaw, E. B. Sparke, T. H. Sidebottom, Steward, Stibbert, H. Somerset, H. S. Samuel, J. P. Smith, Horace Seymour, A. H. Smith, H. M. Stanley, J. A. Swettenham, A. Spicer, Stevenson, J. H. Stock, J. Sturgis, H. C. Smith, C. J. Stewart, Leslie Stephen, T. Smith, Senhouse, Eames Storey, Christopher Sykes, H. Seton-Karr, Philip Somers-Cocks, T. Skewes-Cox, Shelley-Bontein, Salting, Leo Schuster, Smith, Arthur Sassoon, G. D. Smith, Shaw, Michael Shaw-Stewart, E. J. Stanley, Albert Sandeman, Scaramanga, Sant, F. Sutton, Dudley Smith, C. E. Tritton. W. E. M. Tomlinson, H. F. Tollemache, A. M. Torrance, Tarleton, Edward Tighe, Alma-Tadema, W. H. Wilson-Todd, P. Thornton, F. Taylor, Beerbohm Tree, Dan Tupper, Montagu Tharp, Abel Thomas, Algernon Turnor, Tudway, C. W. Trotter, H. J. Tennant, J. C. Thynne, H. D. Trelawny, C. E. Thynne, F. J. Thynne, Montagu Thorold, Tremayne, H. Graham Toler, John Taylor, A. J. R. Trendell, Tosti, Christopher Tower, T. Usher, A. Ure, T. Usborne, Chas van Raalte, Graham Vivian, R. C. de Grey Vyner, Hope Vere, F. E. Villiers, Von André, Venning, L. Van Loon, Van De Weyer, Val Prinsep, Walter, Thomas Wayman, Hwfa Williams, Cornwallis West, R. G. Webster, Sackville West, Wanklyn, A. S. Wiison, G. Fleetwood Wilson, A. F. Warr, F. W. Wilson, Piers Egerton Warburton, S. Wombwell, Weigall, Powell Williams, John Welby, Wingfleld, Whitbread, J. W. Wilson, Walton, D’Arcy Wyvill, Wodehouse, Wylie, A. Wilson, John Wilson, C. H. Wilson, Herbert Whiteley, Wynne, Lee Warner, W. West, G. Whiteley, Spencer Walpole, H. C. Woods, M.D., Deputy Inspector-General, Charles Wyndham, J. Humphrey Ward, F. Walker, Whateley, W. Woodall, Wyndham, Godfrey Webb, J. Welby, Charles Waldstein, H. Yorke,.[sic] and Yerburgh #Mesdames<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 7a–b) — Adair, A. H. Dyke Acland, Dyke Acland, Asquith, Alfred Austin, Adair, Evelyn Atherley, Ashton, Allhusen, Adeane, Alma-Tadema, Argles, Abdy, Agar, Antrobus, Alexander, Ascroft, Arkwright, Bowden-Smith, Browne, Barton, Bates, H. M. Biddulph, W. H. Bliss, Beresford, Ebrington Bissett, Bertier, R. P. Blennerlhasset, Brownrigg, Bridge, Cosmo Bevan, Rupert Beckett, Bradley, Birch-Reynardson, W. A. Baillie-Hamilton, Walter Baring, Bathurst, S.[?] B. Bancroft (actor "Bancroft and his wife accepted with becoming grace the congratulations with which they were well-nigh overwhelmed"<ref name=":3" /> (5, Col. 6b)), H. R. Baird, Wolfe Barry, Beer, Barlow, Bischoffsheim, F. Bibby, Bigham, Butler, Bankes, W. Borsel, Duncan Baillie, Bagge, Burges, Butler, Brocklehurst, C. H. Babington, Bailey, H. A. Brassey, Barlow, F. Bevan, Tresa [?] Barry, F. C. Burnand, Charles Bagot, Wentworth Beaumont, Charles Balfour, Baxendale, Benson, Blundell, Bryce, C. G. O. Bridgeman, S. Buxton, A. Barry, Banbury, F. G. Barnes, Beaumont, D. P. Barton, W. W. Beach, A. C. Bruce, J. F. Bagot, J. Bailey, J. G. A. Baird, Birrell, Bolitho, Bonsor, Griffith-Boscawen, Boulnois [?], Bowles. F. F. Begg, C. Bill, Buchanan, Brookfield, A. H. Brown, Bell, E. Balfour, Baldwin, R. Benson, C. E. Buckle, Barnes, W. Burns, C. K. Burn, H. Churchill, Crutchley, Curzon, F. Cavendish-Bentinck, W. G. Cavendish-Bentinck, Chamberlain. W. Chetwynd, Dick-Cunynghame, Archibald Calvert, Creignton, Daniel Cooper, Calley, Cox, Kinloch Cooke, Rivett Carnac, C. Kinloch Cooke, Henry Pelham Clinton, Colston, Coghill, Castance, B. F. Clark, Cavaye, Consett, G. D. Clark, A. B. Crosbie, Clerk, Wilfrid Cripps, Chapman, Crawshay, F. Campbell. W. W. Carlile, Channing, Cayzer, F. S. W. Cornwallis, Armar Corry, Cory, Critchett, Craik, W. Campbell, Atkinson Clark, R. Cox, Cruddas, Cavendish, Shepherd Cross, Clive, Crombie, F. L. Cook, C. Tyrall Cavendish, Clifford Corry, Hastings Campbell, Cameron Corbett, Carter, Corroux, Chaloner, Cecil Chapiin, J. D. Campbell, W. A. Cockerell, Compton, D'Oyly Carte, Stanley Clark, Cazalet, Seymour Corkran, Chaine, Carson, Boyd Carpenter, Causton, W. Campbell, Codrington, F. L. Campbell, D. B. O. Campbell, Cuninghame, Stapleton Coton, Coventry, Crabbe, Close, Courtney, E. H. Cooper, Carnegy, Randall Davidson, A. Hay Drummond, G. De Plat Taylor, Dickson, Lawrence Drummond, Louis Davidson, Dicken, Denis Daly, Dalton, R. C. de Grey Vyner, Durnford, W. de Winton, Edwin de Lisle, de Arcos, Drummond, Darling, A. L. Douglas, Doxford, Thiselton Dyer, Vanghan Davies, Denny, Coningsby Disraeli, Geoffrey Drage, Davis, Dundas, R. Disraeli, Dicconson, J. de la Cour, G. Drummond, J. Diggle, Akers-Douglas, Digby, Dunne, Dalbiac, de Salis, C. S. Dickson, Domvile, Ellicott, Edwards, Ellison, C. B. Ewart, Edis, East, Eliot, Egerton, F. Elliot, Floyd, Fenwick, E. Farquhar, Barrington Foote, G. M. Farquhar, Farquarson of Invercauld, Almeric Fitzroy, Lancelot Farmer, FitzGeorge, G. H. Finch, Fenn, Wynne Finch, R. Fitzwilliam, Fanshawe, Fullerton, Fane, Hayes Fisher, Fellowes, Houston French, Arnold-Forster, Fardell, Field, W. H. Foster, H. S. Foster, Johnson Ferguson, Farmer, Fielden, Fison, Firbank, Bevill Fortescue, Farnham, H. Fludyer, S. W. Gore, F. R. Gosset, Gregory, C. C. Graham, Guy-Pym, John Gordon, Gooenough, Henry Graves, Gordon, Garfit [?], S. Gedge, Tyrell Giles, Gilliat, Godson, S. Hoffmung Goldsmid, Kendal Grimston, Goldsworthy, J. E. Gordon, Gunter, W. H. Grenfell, H. Grenfell, G. G. Gordon, Gurney, Goodden, F. Gore, S. Gordon, A Goldsmid, Scott Gatty, Walter Gibson, Gordon, Grant, Goelet, Gye, Gardner, Gladstone, Gore, Green, Goschen, A. Gosling, Hargreaves-Rogers, Staveley Hill, Hanbury. James Hope, Claude Hay, Heneage, Heseltine, E. Hope, Arthur Heath, Philip Henriques, C. D. Hohler, Hornyold, Carl Haag, Marcus Hare, Harford, Hardcastle, Holmes, Beresford Hope, Adrian Hope, Hanbury, Horner, Hammet, Hall, A. C. Howard, Halsey, Hardy, Heath, Hermon Hodge, Brodie Hoare, S. Hoare, H. Hobhouse, W. H. Hornby, G B. Hudson, Platt-Higgins, Hildyard, Lewis Hall, G. M. Hutton, G. Hutton, W. G. G. Hutchinson, Haweis, Hartmann, Higgins, John Hare, Hungerford, Humphreys-Owen, R. W. Hamilton, Hills, Hippisley, Herbert, Hatton, Henderson, Haggard, Hervey, J. Howard, H. Howard, Ian Hamilton, Gathorne-Hardy, Howard, Marcus Hare, Inglefield, Wootton Isaacson, Joicey, Jenkinson, Inigo Jones, Jackson, A. James, Cotton-Jodrell, Jacoby, Jebb, A. F. Jeffreys, Jessel, Brynmor Jones, Pryce Jones, J. E. Jameson, H. C. Jervoise, W. James, Atherley Jones, G. Johnstone, J. H. Johnstone, A. Kennard, Kearley, Kimber, Hegan Kennard, Kitching, Kennion [?], Kennison, Knowles, W. Kenny, Kennedy, Keeley, Kuhe, Kingston, Kilkelly, Colin Keppel, Hanning Lee, A. K. Loyd, Lyon, Long, Lane, Lucas, Lockwood, S. Leighton, Lecky, E. Lawrence, Lawrie, Luck, Lloyd. A. P. Lake, J. W. Lowther, Lowe, Lidderdale, Liddell, Lascelles, Luttrell, H. Lubbock, Leslie, Lucas-Shadwell, Laurier, Naylor Leyland, Langenbach, E. Law, Fairfax Lucy, Lockhart, Lewis, Maxwell-Lyte, F. A. Lucas, G. Manners, Beresford Melville, Morrell, Victor Milward, Marshall, Maclure, J. Maclean, M'Laren, M'Ewan, R. B. Martin, Marks, Markham, J. M'Calmont, F. W. Maude, Napier Miles, M’Neill, Max Muller, Meeking, Manvers Moorson, Arundel St. John Mildmay, Frederick Macmillan, Mount, Muntz, Murdoch, Wyndham Murray, W. J. Mure, Graham Murray, Montefiore, W. C. F. Molyneux, Newton Mant, Millett, Malet, Ashurst Morris, May, Maurice, Milvain, Marjoribanks, J. C. Macdona, Moorhouse, Muir Mackenzie, G. Moncrieff, J. Murray, Montgomery, Milbank, Bingham Mildmay, Mellor, C. Maude, T. G. Menzies, J. M'Donald, W. A. M'Arthur, M'Neile, M'N'eill, Campbell Munro, Mostyn, A. Milman, Majoribanks, Noel, H. F. Nicholson, F. Neville, Nicol, Nevul [?], Nugent, Newhouse, Oppenheim, M. Oldroyd, Charles Orde, H. H. Oldham, R. A. Oswald, Oswald. A. Oliphant, Oakley, J. L Pattison, Price, Perowne, Perks, Constantine Phipps, Peacocke [?], R. Prothero, Powell, Leslie Probyn, Pitman, Upton Prior, Lort Phillips, Primrose, Powlett, Pakenham, Peyton, Parkes, Wyndham Portal, Pipon, Pender, Phillpotts, Pollock, Montagu Price, Phellps, John Ponsonby, Fox Pitt, A. Peel, Aldrich Pelham, J. Pease, Poe, G. Pearse, A. Paget, A. Pease. N. G. Philips, Pirie [?], Dampier Palmer, F. Post, Pakenham, Paget, H. Parr, Wilton[?]-Phipps, Quilter, Rebow, J. C. Russell, Rolfe, Rutherford, I[?]. Richardson. James Ronand, Robins, Rennell Rodd, W. W. Russon[?], Alexander Ramsay, Robinson, J. Rennell Rodd, Redford, Harcourt Rose, Royds, H. Raikes, Carl Rosa, Ronalds, Arrnold Royle [? Royce?], Rice, Leopold Rothschild, Raikes, J. Rankin, Renshaw, F. Russell, Ricardo, Riddel, Robertson, G. Royle, Teignmouth [?] Shore, Sandeman, Stopford, Graham Smith, Salting, Brinsley Sheridan, Salmon [?], Salmond, Edgar Shephard, Sant. A. Sandeman, H. Seymour, H. S. Samuel, St. Clair, AbeI Smith, J. P. Smith, H. M. Stanley, A. Spicer, Stevenson, Swaine, Sullivan, J. H. Stock. E. B. Sparke, J. Sturgis, Louis Sinclair, H. Seton-Karr, Slade, J. Stern, Skefflngton Smyth, P. L. Slater, A. C. Stewart, R. Sassoon, C. Smith, E. Strachey, Napier Sturt, Steward, Eames Storey, Starkie, Senhouse, Bridgman Simpson, Seddon, T. Smith, Leslie Stephen, Settle, Scaramanga [?], Arthur Sassoon, L. Seymour, Shaw. R. F. Synge, T. Skewes-Cox, Stevenson, H. C. Smith, Sterling, T. H. Sidebottom, C. H. Seely, Shelley-Bontem [?], Sandford, Hawley Smart, Sergison [?], Frederick Slade, Scobell, Graves Sawle, Scott, Settle, Smith-Barry, Stewart, J. A. Swettenham, Surtees, Synge, Dudley Smith, Thomson, M. Thorold, H. Graham Toler [?], J. W. Taylor, Christopher Tower, Tosti, Temple, Beerbohm Tree, Dan Tupper, R. T. Thynne, Montagu Tharp, Trotter, Anstruther Thomson, Tupper, Taylor, C. E. Tritton, C. F. Anstruther Thomson, Edward Tighe, F. Taylor, Tillard, Tillbrook, Brook Taylor, Tudway, C. E. Thynne, J. C. Thynne, H. Thomas, Thwaites, Tarleton, A. Ure, Usher, R. Vivian, Val Prinsep, Edmund Vaughan, E. Villiers, C. van Raalte, Von André, Verschoyle, F. E. Villiers, Vance, Hope Vere, Villiers, Venning, Sackviile West, Whatman, Williams Wynn, Watson, Wharton, John Wilson, Williams, Stuart Wortley, Wood, C. H. Wilson, S. J. Way, Walton, H. Whiteley, G. Whiteley, Ellis Williams, Wilson, Weywan, E. F. Wodehouse, John Welby, Wray, Wickham, Whatley, Spencer Walpole, Hwfa Williams. J. Woodford, Charles Wyndham, Wingfield, Charles Wood, Lee Warner, Warre, Humphrey Ward, Wallis, Wilberforce, Wynne, J. Welby, Eardley Wilmot, A. S. Wilson, C. [?] E. Ward, Walter, Warner, R. G. Webster, Wells, Cornwallis-West, F. Charteris Wemyss, Yerburgh #Misses<ref name=":1" /> (5, Col. 7c – 6, Col. 1a) — Ascroft, Arnott, Alexander, Armytage (2), Adye [?] (2), Alison, Heathcoat-Amory, Austin (2), Aird (2), Archer-Houblon, Rosomond Anstruther, Adam (2), Arbuthnott, Akers-Douglas, Florence Anderson, Arkwright, Birch-Reynardson (2), Bradley, Bowden-Smith (2), Browne (2), Bromley-Davenport, Barker, Burrell (2), Berkeley, Berkeley (2), Beresford, Berens, Bertier, Baird (2), Brownrigg, Bates, Alice Bagot, Barne, Bartlett (2), Barnardiston (2), Birch, Bourke, Brassey (2), Browne (2), Bruce (2), Hicks-Beach (2), Biddulph (2), Mariot [?] Bayley, Mabel Brackenbury, Browne (2), Stapleton Bretherton [?] (2), Beryl Bradford, Banbury, Evelyne Burne, Bolitho, Bonsor, Beach, Biddulph, Bill, Brunner, Blackwood (2), Bandanaratke [?], Barran (2), Brodie (2), Brookfield, Brown, Barnes (2), Burns, Bowen (2), Buxton (2), Bellingham, Bailey (2), Brooke, Bell (2), Baxendale, Burdett, Mary Bulteel, Burges (2), Bevan, Brassey (2), Duncan Baillie (2), Braddon, Rhoda Broughton, Blyth (2), Baring, Bathurst (2), Blundell, Balfour, Freda Biddulph, Hilda Beaumont, Budgett, Bramwell, Butler, Crutchley (2), Culme-Seymour, Carleton, Chapiin [sic?] (2), Cockerell, Lilah Campbell, Boyd Carpenter (2), Cowell-Stepney, Lucia Creighton, Chrichton-Maitland, Leila Crichton, Campbell, Calvert, Ronald Campbell, Cooper (2), Cochrane, Clarke, Clowes (2), Stanley Clarke, Commerell, Colville, Cayzer, Crosse, Chaning (2), Cunliffe, Chetwode (2), Chetwynd (2), Corry, Clark, J. A. Campbell, Cameron, Colomb, Custance, Clive (2), Grace de Capell-Brooke, Cook, Vera Consett, Cooper, Campbell (2), Cockerell, Cecil, Carlisle, Cholmeley (2), Cruddas (2), Cox, Cowell, Causton, Cust (2), Cuffe, Chitty, Chamberlain (2), Crabbe (2), Edith Chaplin, Corbett, Cameron (2), Chaplin, Cholmondeley, Carden, Cotterell (2), Spencer Churchill, Corkran, Commerell, Edith Drummond, Sybil Dudley-Ward, Gladys Dalgety [?], Drummond (2), Duncombe (2), De Winton, De Trafford, De Perpigna, Dalrymple, Dashwood, Duncombe (2), Dawnay (2), Du Cane  (2), De Brienen (2), La Baronne de Friesen, La Baronne Sirtema de Grovestins [?], Mary Drummond, De Winton, Davey, Digby (2), Dowell, Marion Dunne, Du Chair, De Winton, Domvile [?], Douglas (2), Dunn, Doxford, Deverell, Drummond (2), Digby, Disraeli, Adelizs [?] Drummond, May Dundas, Dillon (2), Bevan Edwards (2), Evans (2), Ellison, Eliot (2), Ellicott, Gertrude Elliot, Egerton (2), Ellis (2), Edis (2), Ellaby, Egerton, Grey Egerton, East (2), Elphinstone (2), Rachel Erskine, Evelyn Ellis, Amelia Farquharson, Henrietta Farquharson, Foster, Farmer, Fielden (2), Fison, Fersuson of Pitfour (2), Fitzwilliam (2), Flower, Keith Falconer (2), Fenwick (2), Forwood (2), Farquharson of Invercauld (2), FitzClarence (2), Olga FitzGeorge, Ethel Fitz-Roy, Fergusson, Dorothy Ffolkes, Finch (2), Fanshawe, Flower, Fullerton (2), Feilding (2), Fardell (2), Fisher (2), Fowler (2), Frere (2), Fitz Gerald, Gold, Graves, Gibbs (2), Gregory, Gough-Calthorpe (2), Helen Gladstone, Goschen (2), Glyn, Godley (2), Gardiner, Gillian [?] (2), Gunter (2), Gilbey, Maud Grenfell, Hamilton Gordon, Gurrney Goodden, Goldsmid, Gardiner, Grant, Victona Grant-Duff, Goelet, Gosling, Gore, Gathorne-Hardy, Gordon (2), Hood (2), Heneage, M. Carew Hunt, Hare (2), Hay  (2), Hickman, Adrian Hope (2), Hare (2), Agnes Beresford Hope, Carl Haag, Hardcastle (2), Heseltine, Hare, Hope, Heron Maxwell (2), Halford (2), Hamilton (2), Hamilton, Howard (2), Hardy (2), Hay (2), Herbert Margaret Acland Hood, Mary Hope, Hill, Hemming (2), Jean Hotham, Hall, Harrison, Gladys Higginson, (Brydges) Henniker, Halsey (2), V. Hanson, (Stock) Hill (2), (Brodie) Hoare (2), Hoare (2), Houldsworth (2), Haig, Hart, Hervey, (Lewis) Hall, Harwood (2), Hutchinson, Hughes (2), Hooker, Hart-Dyke (2), Hervey-Bathurst (2), Louisa Heathcote, Howard, Dora Hanbury, Howard (2), Hornby (2), Satyendra Bala Tagore, Grace Jackson, Jolliffe (2), Helena James, Jenner, Joicey, Cotton-Jodrell, Jenkins (2), Johnstone, Jameson (2), Jessel, Jervoise, S. L. Johnstone, Keith-Falconer (2), Ker (2), Ethel Kenny, Kennedy, Kennard, King King, Kennard (2), Kitson (2), Kerr (2), Kimber, Kennaway (2), Nona Kerr, Keppel, Kemball, C. Lees, Lyson, Gore Lindsay, Linton (2), Lindley (2), Lubbock, Aline Lambton, Lambart (2), Liddell, Alice Loch, Lindsay, Lucas-Shadwell, Hanning Lee (2), Emily Loch, Larking, Leese, Llewelyn, Leighton (2), Lawrence (2), Lopes (2), J. Lawson, Laurie (2), Lyte (2), Lloyd (2), Lyall, Luttrell, Lockwood, Lister, Lidderdale (2), Violet Leigh, Liddell (2), Drury Lowe, Lewis (2), Loftus, Lindsay, Lyell (2), Aimee Lowther, l’Estrange, Graham Murray, Mellor (2), Milward, Monk (2), Maxwell (2), Massey-Mainwaring, Mackworth (2), Markham (2), Macdonald, More-Molyneux, Cicely Monson, Maclure, Lena Milman, Morris (2), Macnaghten, Mowatt (2), Margaret Muir MacKenzie, Murray, Mundella, Mowbray, Ethel Morris, Beatrice Mildmay, May Milbank, Evelyn Moreton, Magniac (2), Mackenzie, M'Clintock, Madden, MacGregor(2) Mount (2), Muntz, Murdoch, Mitford, Montagu (2), Mure, Menzies, Macpherson-Grant, Malet, Moseley (2), Meeking, Macgregor, Mary Moore, Montgomery, St. John Mildmay, Madden (2), Milman (2), Constance Maude, Martyn, Campbell Munro, Nevill (2),Noel (2), Nevill, Nicol, Neville, Nelson (2). Olpherts [?] (2), Oakley, Ogilvy, Humphreys Owen, V. A. Okeover, O’Brien (2), Linda Oppenheim, Phoebe Otway, Alina O'Shee, Anderson Pelham, Pole, Pereira, Peyton, Pattison, Orde Powlett, Powlett, Pelly (2), Perowne, Charlotte Probyn, Julia Ponsonby, Peekover, Peel (2), Penn, Peace, Baden Powell, Powell (2), Pease, Priestley, Palgrave, Post, Parker, Pease, Palmer, Packe (2), Alice Paget, Paget, Paget of Cranmore (2), [?] Phillips, Phipps, Cecilia Peel, Chandos Pole, Pollock Phellps, Parry, Ponsonby, Wilton Phipps, Quain, Quilter (2), Russell of Killowen(2), Ritchie (2), Robins, Sibyl Robertson, Round (2), Royds (2), Russell, Rebow, Jane Ryan, Ramsay, Ricardo (2), Rigby, Russell (2), Lucy Raikes, Rankin, Frances Rod, Beatrix Rice, Russell (2), K. Reiss, Ricardo, Smith, Stafford, Stevenson, Stopford (2), M. Seymour, Kay Shuttleworth [?] (2), Seymour (2), Shaw, Shaw-Stewart, Evelyn Starling[?], Maxwell Scott, Abel Smith, Sartorius (2), Maud S[?]hey, Stewart, Magaret Stanley, Dorrien Smith, Smith (2), [?]-Smith, Saurin, Salmond (2), Sandeman (2), Sant, Dudley Smith[?], Swaine, Stephenson (2), Stewart (2), Dora Stone, Sparkes, [Stanley?], Nita Houston Stewart, Lily Severn, Evelyn Stanley, [Sheppart?], Saumarez Smith, Truda Saunderson, Swinburne, [Sullivan?], Mabel Seymour, Shute, R. Sterling, Stern (2), Sar[?] (2), Sassoon (2), P. L. Sclater, Sparke, Smith (Clement), [Sanderson?], Hilda Stewart, Seddon (2), Shelley, Sprigg (2), [?] Stephen, Ruby Spencer Churchill, Rachel Smith, [?], Tremayne (2), Ellen Terry, Ethel Thomas, Muriel [?], Taylor, Mary Talbot, Tomlinson, G. le M. Tupper, [?], Ella Taylor, Thorold, Taylor (2), E. Tuson, Trelawny [?], Adela[?] Trefusis, Rachel Thynne, Tritton (2), Thomson (2), [?], Thesiger, Thynne, I. C. (2), Thynne (2), Thornton (2), [Temple?], Turner, Talbot, Thynne, Usher, Van de Weyer (2), [Vivian?] (2), Dorothy Villiers, Freda Villiers, Verschoyle, Van [der Byl?], Villiers, Venning, Hilda von Deichmann, Wood[ford?], Fleetwood Wilson, Eardley-Wilmot, Maud Walpole, [?hend?] Wilson, Wilson, Wilberforce, Warren (2), [W?vil?] (2), Wills (2), Warrender (2), Walrond (2), Wynd[ham?] (2), Webster (2), Watson, Wombwell, Whitehead (2), [W?Ieyer?] (2), Evelyn Wellesley, Cornwallis West, Whatman {2), [?] (2), Rachel Weigall, F. Walker, Smart Walker, Wood (2), de la Wood[?], Ward, Wilbraham, Wilberforce (2), Walker, Williams, [Workham?] (2), Yeatman #Admirals of the Fleet [initial large caps, rest sm caps] — Earl of Clanwilliam, Lord John [Hay?], the Hon. Sir H. Keppel #Admirals — H. G. Andoe, C. E. Buckle, Sir F. Bedford, Britten, the Hon. W. Carpenter, H. F. Cleveland, Sir H. Chads, Close, [?], Carr, E. J. Church, Sir W. Dowell, R. G. Douglas, A. L. [?], C. E. Domvile, A. T. Dale, D’Eyncourt, Field, Sir A. [Farquhar?], Fitzgerald, Fellowes, Fanshawe, Sir H. Fairfax, Sir [?] Fisher, C. J. Fane, Fullerton, the Hon. Sir E. Fremantle, [?] FitzGeorge, Woods Pasha, Sir W. Hunt-Grubbe, Sir Anthony [?] Hoskin, Lord Hood of Avalon, Sir Leopold Heath, Sir [?] [F.?] Hotham, Sir Algernon Heneage, R. H. Hamond, the Right Hon. Sir [J.?] Hay, St. G. C. D’Arcy Irvine, Jones, Kennedy, Sir A. [?s], A. P. Lake, R. M. Lloyd, Sir L. Loraine, A. H. Markham, [Sir?] R. More-Molyneux, Sir F. L. M'Clintock, Sir R. Macdonald, [the?] Hon. V. Montagu, Nicholson, Noel, Marquis of Northampton, Sir E. Ommaney [?], Sir Augustus Phillimore, A. T. Powlett, [?], [?. ?.] Rowley, Sir F. Richards, Lord Charles Scott, [? St.? John?], W. H. C. St. Clair, Bowden Smith, Sulivan, E. H. Sey[mour?], H. Stephenson, Sir Nowell Salmon, Sir W. Houston [Stewart?], Sir M. [Cuhne?]-Seymour, E. W. Turnour, E. W. Van[?] Wharton, Sir G. Willes, the Hon. W. J. Ward #Captain, R.N. — W. A. D. Acland, C. J. Barlow, F. R. Board[?], H. Bainbridge, Hon. T. Brand, Bickford, Lord Charles [B?ford?], B. F. Clark, Colville, Carter, Hon. S. Cecil Colville, [?ford?], A. G. Douglas, Sir C. Domville, Hon. A. Hay Dru[?], [?] [W.?] [?] Gordon, Hammet, Hon. Curzon Howe, Hender[?], [?] Ingles, Jellicoe, Jephson, Johnstone, Jeffreys, H. C. [?], Hon. A. Littleton, Hon. Hedworth Lambton, Moore, May, [? Net?], Poe, Pipon [?], Aldrich Pelham, Alfred Paget, [Bi.idcl?], Rolleston, John Sinclair, Bridgeman Simpson, [?], Van Koughnet [?], Burges Watson, Eardley-Wilmot, [?ham, Winsloe, Hon. J. Yorke #[Lieutenants???] — Anson, G. R. Bethell, Blair, Bayley, Cave[?], [?] Cave,Hon. Cecil Cadogan, de Salis, Fraser, Floyd, Hon. [?] [F?], Alaric Grant, Morgan, Moore, Marescaux, [?] Stuart, Tupper, Wells, Williams, G. J. S. Warrender #[Lieutenants?] R.N. — Alton, Murray Aynsley, Boyle, Bather, [?], [R. F.?] Boyle, Chaytor, Sir Charles Cust, G. W. Davy, [?] Wyndham-Fiennes, Fair, Godfrey Faussett, Garforth, [L?]ord Clifford, Hopkinson, Henderson, Keyes, Keppel, [?] Lloyd, Majendie, Mitchell, Morant, Kerr-Pearse, [?] Richmond, Rae, Stewart, Hon. Victor Stanley, [?] [Calta?]-Seymoar, Trye, Thring, Hon. Cyril Ward, W[?], R. E. Wemyss, Woolcombe #[Captain?] Trinity House, Sir J. Sydney Webbe #[Field?] Marshall — Sir F. P. Haines, Sir Lintorn Simmons, Sir [?] Stewart, Lord Roberts of Kandahar, Viscount Wolseley #[Generals?] —Sir J. Ardagh, Sir A. Alison, Sir H. J. Alderson, [?n] Annesley, J. Alleyne, Sir J. M. Adye, Sir C. G. [Arbuth?]not, Sir H. Havelock-Allan, R. Bateson, Sir W. F. [B?er, Sir H. Brackenbury, H. M. Bengough, the Right Hon. [?] Buller, Sir Owen Tador-Burne, H. J. Buchanan, Sir C. H. [Brown?low], Sir S. Browne, Sir M. Biddulph, Viscount Bridport, [?. O.?] Barnard, E. F. Chapman, Lord Clarina, C. F. Clery, the Hon. S. Gough-Calthorpe, E. H. Clive, Godfrey Clerk, Lord [Ch?]sford, the Hon. Sir Andrew Clarke, Sir E. Du Cane, Crutchley [?], Lord de Ros, Sir John Donelly, J. H. Dunne, Sir Martin Dillon, Sir Collingwood Dickson, Sir H. de Bathe, Davis, Sir F. de Winton, Sir T. Dennehy, Sir H. Ewart, Sir J. B. Edwards, C. B. Ewart, Cecil East, Arthur French, Sir T. Fitz-Wygram, the Hon. Sir P. Feilding, Sir T. E. Gallwey, Sir T. Goldsmid, Sir R. Gipps, Sir R. Grant, Sir F. W. Grenfell, Coleridge Grove, Goldsworthy, J. J. H. Gordon, Sir E. A. Holdich, Sir E. W. Higginson, Sir R. J. Hay, Sir R. Harrison, Julian Hall, Earl Howe, the Hon. W. Home, J. Jameson, Sir Arnold Kemball, Kelly-Kenay, Lord Mark Kerr, F. T. Lloyd, Sir D. Lysons, Sir Drury Lowe, G. Luck, J. W. Laurie, F. Marshall, the Hon. R. Monck, Crichton Maitland, Sir J. M'Neill, Montgomery, the Hon. S. Mostyn, G. Moncrieff, E. Markham, Sir W. A. Mackinnon, Bryan Milman [?], H. M’Calmont [?], M'Donnell, W. C. F. Molyneux, Lord [Methuen?], J. F. Maurice, Sir F. Middleton, O. H. Nicolls, Sir E. [?] Newdegate, Sir H. N[orman?], Sir W. Olpherts, F. Peyton [?], G. [?] Upton Prior, T. H. Pakenham, G. W. T. Rich, Lord [?der] Russell, Robinson, Rowlands, J. C. Russell, F. [Russell?], A. C. Stewart, Sir Henry Smyth, Sterling, Sir C. [?] Shute, N. Stevenson, Swaine, Lord William Seymour, [?] [Sahmond?], Sir Frederick Stephenson, Sir John Stokes, Sir R. [?], Sir H. B. Tuson, the Hon. R. A. J. Talbot, G. le M. [Tupper?], Taylor, Hon. C. Thesiger, R. T. Thynne, Upperton, [?]H. Utterson, Sir J. Watson, Sir C. W. Wilson, Sir F. F. Walker, Sir Evelyn Wood, Sir C. Warren, Albert Williams, the Hon. G. Wrottesley, Sir G. H. Willis, Sir H. Wilmot #Colonels — Armytage, Arkwright, Pat Boyle, Burges, the Hon. [?] Byng, H. B. H. Blundell, M. S. Brownrigg, Sir E. Bradford, Sir A. [Blyge? Bigge?], the Hon. F. Bridgeman, Brassey, Lord William Beresford, St. John Barne, N. Barnardiston, Lord Blythswood, [?] Cunynghame, F. H. Custance, Clayton, Sir Henry Colville, [?] Carnac [?], Cavaye, Seymour Corkran, the Hon. Charles [?], W. Campbell, Chaloner, Archibald Calvert, the Hon. [?] Campbell, the Hon. Wenman C. Coke, the Hon. W. [?ton], the Hon. Sir W. Colville, Chaine, A. B. Crosbie, [T.?] [R?] Crosse, Lord Edward Pelham Clinton, the Hon. Henry [C?hton], E. H. Cooper, the Hon. H. Corry, John Clerk, Lord Dorchestcr, C. R. Dease, the Hon, Lewis Dawnay, [the?] Hon. H. Denison, Denny, Dalbiac, A. Davidson, the Hon. Cathbert Edwards, the Right Hon. Sir F. Edwards, [?son], R. Edis, the Hon. Charles Edgecumbe, Aubone Fife, [?], Wynne Finch, Ferguson of Pitfour, Forster, Lancelot [?r] H. Frudyer, Barrington Foote, Goldsmid, Gore, Grenfell, [?n], C. G. Gordon, R. Gunter, Alan Gardner, Hon. G. Gough, [?] [?iton], the Hon. A. Hood, the Earl of Home, Lord Claud [Hamilton?], Harford, Herbert, the Earl of Haddington, Haygarth, G. Hatton [?], Hillyard, Arthur Haig, Sir E. Stock Hill, R. Hennell, Archer Houblon [?], the Hon. Cospatrick Home, the Hon. C. Gathorne-Hardy, Johnstone, Cotton-Jodrell, Hegan, [H?nard], Sir N. Kingscote, H. A. Lascelles, the Hon. Heneage [L?], Hanning Lee, F. A. Lucas, the Hon. H. Lyttelton, Lockwood, L. V. Loyd, C. W. Long, Ronald Lane, Lucas, J. Leslie, the Hon. Caryl [?]Molyneux, John Murray, Sir A. W. Mackworth, J. M'Calmont [?], Milward, the Hon. F. C. Morgan, J. J. Mellor, Meeking, Manvers [?], Moorsom, H. Malet, the Earl of Mount Edgecumbe, the [Earl?] of March, Wyndham Murray, Sir V. Majendie, the Hon. G. [Napper?], H. H. Oldham, L. J. Oliphant, A. Paget, Dampier Palmer, [Earl?] Percy, George Paget, C. D. Patterson, Arthur Peel, [Birch?] [Richardson?], the Hon. F. W. Stopford, Sir W. G. Stirling, E J. [Sanderson?], T. M. Sandys, H. Smith, J. F. Sandeman, Renyon-[Surrey?], C. E Stewart, E. H. Sartorius, the Hon. Walter [Stewart?], L. Seymour, Settle, Stevenson, Starkie, C. H. Seafe, the Hon. Sir W. P. Talbot, J. Du Plat[?] Taylor, H. Thomas, A. W. [T?], the Hon. W. Ie Poer Trench, H. P. Vance, Sir C. E. Howard Vincent, M.P.; R. Vivian, A. P. Vivian, E. Villiers, the Duke of Westminster, the Earl of Wemyss, Lord Wantage, Ward, [Waring?], [Earle?] Welby, Lord Arthur Wellesley, Robert Williams, the Hon. H. L. Wood, Sir W. H. Walroud, F. Smart Walker, A. [Williams?] Wynn, Wardrop #Majors — Anne, Atherley, Ashton, F. H. Bowles, the Hon. [?] R. Bourke, Carnegy, H. Candy, Close, the Hon. F. Colborue, the Hon. Wenman Coke, Lawrence Drummond, Alfred [Edgecombe?], G. Egerton, E. H. Elliot, the Hon. A. Henniker, J. [H?a?h], the Hon. Assheton Harbord, the Hon. North Dalrymple [Hamilton?], Jameson, Pryce Jones, Larnach, the Hon. Osbert [Lumley?], C. Little, Marindin, the Hon. J. Scott Napier, Wyndham Quin, F. C Rasch, the Hon. A. Sidney, the Hon. J. T. St. Aubyn, Sir Edgar Sebright, Stirling, T. E. M. Swinnington-Parkington, [?.] M. Temple, Tillbrook, Anstruther Thomson, [E.?] [L.?] Woodhouse, and the Marquis of Winchester #Captains — O. Ames, J. Acland, Alan Boisragon, Bates, H. M. [Biddulph?], the Hon. Baring, Butler, the Hon. J. Byng, the Hon. [N.?] Yarde-Butler, E. W. Blunt, J. F. Bagot, the Hon. W. Bagot, Seymour Combe, W. Chetwynd, Dundas, Denis Daly, Cecil Drummond, M. Drummond, Ellison, Houston French, Gye, R. G. [Gilmour?], P. Green, W. G. Grice-Hutchinson, Ahmed Hussain, G. [L.?] Holford, Jessel, the Hon. W. Lambton, the Hon. G. H. [L?], Sir H. Naylor-Leyland, G. Lister, Matthews, A. D. Miller, [?],M. M'Neill, C. Norton, Phillpotts, N. G. Philips, Prety[man?], Duncan Pirie, Pitman, Fox Pitt, Petre, Harcourt Rose, [W.?] [J.?] Stopford, Sir Eyre Shaw, H. G. D. Shute, Spicer, the Hon. [?.] St. Aubyn, Sutton, Tillard, Webbe, Wray, and Gordon [Watson?] #Lieutenants — Baun, A. Cowell, the Hon. E. C. Lennox, F. Ponsonby, J. Ponsonby, Vandeleur, the Hon. C. Willoughby, and the Hon. C. S. H. D. Willoughby ===Entertainment=== "The Bands of the 1st Life Guards, Grenadier Guards, and Royal Artillery played a selection of music during the afternoon."<ref name=":1" /> (4, Col. 2c) ==Anthology== ====Quote Intro==== <quote></quote> () == Notes and Questions == # ==References== * <references /> mdecehiyrhxg2jmht37yy36bgk49pqv 0 310803 2688811 2688066 2024-11-25T16:59:52Z OhanaUnited 18921 submitted 2688811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Article info |journal=Wikijournal Preprints |last=Christie |first=David Brooks |submitted = 2024-10-14 |abstract=The [[W:skeleton (topology)|skeleton]] of a [[W:Cuboctahedron|cuboctahedron]], considering its edges as rigid beams connected at flexible joints at its vertices but omitting its faces, does not have [[W:Structural rigidity|structural rigidity]] and consequently its vertices can be repositioned by folding (changing the dihedral angle) at edges and face diagonals. The cuboctahedron's [[W:Kinematics|kinematics]] is noteworthy in that its vertices can be repositioned to the vertex positions of the [[W:Regular icosahedron|regular icosahedron]], the [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]], and the regular [[W:Octahedron|octahedron]], in accordance with the [[W:Icosahedron#Pyritohedral symmetry|pyritohedral symmetry of the icosahedron]]. |w1=Kinematics of the cuboctahedron |et_al = Kinematics of the cuboctahedron |license = CC-BY-SA 4.0 }} {{Short description|Symmetrical transformations of the cuboctahedron into related uniform polyhedra}} [[File:A3-P5-P3.gif|thumb|Progressions between a cuboctahedron, [[W:Pseudoicosahedron|pseudoicosahedron]] and [[W:Octahedron|octahedron]]. The cuboctahedron can flex this way even if its edges (but not its faces) are rigid.]] ==Rigid and kinematic cuboctahedra== When interpreted as a framework of rigid flat faces, connected along the edges by hinges, the cuboctahedron is a rigid structure, as are all convex polyhedra, by [[W:Cauchy's theorem (geometry)|Cauchy's theorem]]. However, when the faces are removed, leaving only rigid edges connected by flexible joints at the vertices, the result is not a [[W:Rigid system|rigid system]] (unlike polyhedra whose faces are all triangles, to which Cauchy's theorem applies despite the missing faces). Adding a central vertex, connected by rigid edges to all the other vertices, subdivides the cuboctahedron into square pyramids and regular tetrahedra, meeting at the central vertex. Unlike the cuboctahedron itself, the resulting system of edges and joints is rigid, and forms the vertex figure of the infinite [[W:Tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb|tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb]]. ==Cyclical cuboctahedron transformations== {| class="wikitable" width=640 !colspan=5| Kinematic cuboctahedra |- align=center | |[[Image:Cuboctahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Jessen's_icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Octahedron.svg|100px]] |- align=center | |[[W:Cuboctahedron|Cuboctahedron]] |[[W:Regular icosahedron|Regular icosahedron]] |[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] |[[W:Regular octahedron|Regular octahedron]] |- align=center |width=100|[[W:Coxeter-Dynkin diagram|Coxeter mirrors]] |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node|4|node_1|3|node}} |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node_1|3|node|5|node}} |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node|2|node_h3|2|node}} |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node_1|3|node|4|node}} |- align=center |[[W:Tetrahedra#Fundamental domains|Mirror dihedrals]] |{{sfrac|𝝅|4}} {{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |{{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|5}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |{{sfrac|𝝅|2}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |{{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|4}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |} The cuboctahedron can be transformed cyclically through four polyhedra, repeating the cycle endlessly, in accordance with the [[W:Icosahedron#Pyritohedral symmetry|pyritohedral symmetry of the icosahedron]].{{Sfn|Gunn|Sullivan|2008|loc=§3. Pyritohedral Symmetry|ps=; "The pyritohedral 3D symmetry group is the unique polyhedral point group that is neither a rotation group nor a reflection group."}}{{Sfn|Koca|Al-Mukhaini|Koca|Al Qanobi|2016|loc=4. Pyritohedral Group and Related Polyhedra|p=145|ps=; see Table 1.}} [[W:Topology|Topologically]] the transformation follows a [[W:Möbius loop|Möbius loop]]: it is an [[W:Orientable double cover|orientable double cover]] of the octahedron. [[W:Physics|Physically]] it is a [[W:Spinor|spinor]]. In their spatial relationships the cuboctahedron, icosahedron, Jessen's icosahedron, and octahedron nest like [[W:Russian dolls|Russian dolls]]{{Efn|A [[600-cell#Icosahedra|static instance of this nesting]] of these polyhedra occurs in the [[600-cell]] regular 4-polytope.}} and are related by a [[W:Helix|helical]] contraction.{{Sfn|Coxeter|1973|pp=50-52|loc=§3.7: Coordinates for the vertices of the regular and quasi-regular solids|ps=; describes the cuboctahedron transformation in Euclidean 3-space; separately (pp=150-152, §8 Truncations) Coxeter also describes its 4-dimensional analogue, in which the cuboctahedron transforms in the curved 3-space of the [[W:3-sphere|3-sphere]] embedded in [[W:Four-dimensional space|Euclidean 4-space]]; that kinematics is beyond the scope of this article, except to note that it includes a further stage of the cuboctahedron transformation (which is not reached in the tensegrity icosahedron transformations described in this article): from the octahedron the vertices continue moving along the same helical paths, separating again into the 12 vertices of the [[W:Regular icosahedron#Symmetries|snub octahedron]] (a smaller regular icosahedron nested inside the octahedron).}} The contraction begins with the square faces of the cuboctahedron folding along their diagonals to form pairs of triangles. The 12 vertices of the cuboctahedron spiral inward (toward the center) and move closer together until they reach the points where they form a regular icosahedron; they move slightly closer together until they form a [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]]; and they continue to spiral toward each other until they coincide in pairs as the 6 vertices of the octahedron.{{Efn|The cuboctahedron radius is {{radic|2}} times the octahedron radius. The contraction is [[W:Chiral|chiral]], since there are two choices of diagonal on which to begin folding the square faces. The red-and-yellow animation in this article cycles endlessly through the same chiral form of the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation. It could (but does not) cycle through both chiral forms of the rigid-edge transformation alternately, departing from the cuboctahedron by folding the opposite set of square face diagonals each time. That would take it all the way around the topological [[W:Mobius loop|Mobius loop]] each time it traversed ''both'' chiral forms. But instead, it reverses at the limit cases (cuboctahedron and octahedron), and endlessly shuffles back and forth along the same half of the Mobius loop, never setting foot on the other half of it. Watch the blue-and-white animation carefully and see if you can tell if it is doing the same thing, or if it is performing the entire rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation.}} The general cuboctahedron transformation can be parameterized along a continuum of special-case transformations with two limit-cases: one in which the edges of the cuboctahedron are rigid, and one in which they are elastic. ==Rigid-edge transformation== [[File:Jitterbug pausing at jessen form.gif|alt=|thumb|Continuous transformation between the cuboctahedron and the octahedron pausing at the vertex position of the regular icosahedron. The vertex position of the Jessen's icosahedron lies between the regular icosahedron and the octahedron (but the animation does not pause there). This is an animation of the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation, ''not'' of the elastic-edge transformation: it does not illustrate the Jessen's icosahedron's long edges at all, and the short edges do not lengthen (as they do by 15% at the elastic-edge transformation's cuboctahedron and octahedron limit positions); instead, the (invisible) long edges shorten by 15% at the limit positions (in the elastic-edge transformation they are rigid). The passage of the Jessen's icosahedron point (important in the elastic-edge transformation because the short edges reach their minimum size and begin to lengthen again) is not visible at all. The helical contraction of the cuboctahedron into successively smaller-radius polyhedra is visible as it occurs in the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation (and in the elastic-edge transformation it would be quite similar).]] The '''rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation''' symmetrically transforms the cuboctahedron into a [[W:Regular icosahedron|regular icosahedron]], a [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]], and a regular [[W:Octahedron|octahedron]], in the sense that the polyhedron's vertices take on the vertex positions of those polyhedra successively. The cuboctahedron does not actually ''become'' those other polyhedra, and they cannot transform into each other (if they have rigid edges), because unlike the cuboctahedron they ''do'' have [[W:Structural rigidity|structural rigidity]] as a consequence of having only triangular faces. What the cuboctahedron with rigid edges actually can transform into (and through) is a regular icosahedron from which 6 edges are missing (a [[W:Pseudoicosahedron|pseudoicosahedron]]),{{Sfn|Koca|Al-Mukhaini|Koca|Al Qanobi|2016|loc=4.1 Construction of the vertices of the pseudoicosahedron}} a Jessen's icosahedron in which the 6 reflex edges are missing or elastic,{{Efn|The Jessen's icosahedron's long reflex edges have length 4''d'' where ''d'' is their mid-edge-to-center distance. In the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation the rigid-edge length is {{radic|6}}''d'', and the reflex edge chords shorten from 4''d'' to 2{{radic|3}}''d'' at both the cuboctahedron limit (where they are the diagonals of the square faces) and at the regular octahedron limit (where they are the long diameter).}} and a [[W:Orientability#Orientable double cover|double cover]] of the octahedron that has ''two'' coincident rigid edges connecting each pair of vertices (formed by making pairs of cuboctahedron vertices coincide). {| class="wikitable" width=640 !colspan=5| Rigid-edge kinematic cuboctahedra |- align=center | |[[Image:Cuboctahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Jessen's_icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Octahedron.svg|100px]] |- align=center | |[[W:Cuboctahedron|Cuboctahedron]] |[[W:Regular icosahedron|Regular icosahedron]] |[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] |[[W:Regular octahedron|Regular octahedron]] |- align=center |Edge |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |- align=center |Chord |<small><math>2\sqrt{3} \approx 3.464</math></small> |<small><math>\left(\tfrac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2}\right)\sqrt{6} \approx 3.963</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>2\sqrt{3} \approx 3.464</math></small> |- align=center |style="white-space: nowrap;"|Chord radius |<small><math>\sqrt{3} \approx 1.732</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2} \approx 1.225</math></small> |<small><math>1</math></small> |<small><math>0</math></small> |- align=center |Long radius |<small><math>\sqrt{6} \approx 2.449</math></small> |<small><math>\left(\tfrac{\sqrt{10 + 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}\right)\sqrt{6} \approx 2.330</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{5} \approx 2.236</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{3} \approx 1.732</math></small> |} ==Elastic-edge transformation== There is a [[W:Tensegrity|tensegrity]] polyhedron which embodies and enforces the closely related '''elastic-edge cuboctahedron transformation'''. The [[W:Tensegrity#Tensegrity icosahedra|tensegrity icosahedron]] has a dynamic structural rigidity called ''infinitesimal mobility'' and can ''only'' be deformed into symmetrical polyhedra along that spectrum from cuboctahedron to octahedron.{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|loc=§2. Spherical tensegrities|pp=11-19}} It is called the tensegrity icosahedron because its median stable form is the Jessen's icosahedron. {{Clear|left}} [[File:Jessen's icosahedron with dimensions.png|thumb|left|400px|[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]]. All dihedral angles are 90°. The vertices of the inscribed cube are the centers of the equilateral triangle faces. The polyhedron is a construct of the lengths {{radic|1}} {{radic|2}} {{radic|3}} {{radic|4}} {{radic|5}} {{radic|6}} of [[W:Legendre's three-square theorem|Legendre's three-square theorem]] and the angles {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} {{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|4}}.]]Although the transformation is described above as a contraction of the cuboctahedron, the stable equilibrium point of the tensegrity is the Jessen's icosahedron;{{Sfn|Fuller|1975|loc=cuboctahedron as vector equilibrium, a completely unstable condition|ps=; as [[W:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]] was the first to realize, the cuboctahedron is the antipodal ''unstable'' equilibrium point of the cycle. At that point, as at an airplane's [[W:Stall (fluid dynamics)|stall point]], multiple kinematics can happen: the polyhedron can depart the cuboctahedron in either direction along the [[W:Orientability#Orientable double cover|cycle]], folding on either set of square diagonals to select either of two [[W:Chiral|chiral]] subcycles (connected in a single [[W:Möbius loop|Möbius loop]]). In an actual tensegrity structure this [[W:Nondeterministic algorithm|nondeterministic choice]] does not occur, often because the cuboctahedron limit position is never actually reached; even when it is, the structure is constrained by the struts to one chiral form.}} the tensegrity icosahedron resists being deformed from that shape and can only be forced to expand or contract from it to the extent that its edges are elastic (able to lengthen under tension). Forcing the polyhedron away from its stable resting shape (in either direction) involves stretching its 24 short edges slightly and equally.{{Efn|The [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] has only 8 of the regular icosahedron's 20 equilateral triangle faces and 24 of its 30 edges, but it also has 12 isosceles triangle faces that meet in pairs at 6 longer edges (its ''reflex edges'' which lie in concave troughs). The 6 long edges occur as 3 orthogonal pairs of parallel edges on opposite sides of the polyhedron, and in their resting state each parallel pair is exactly as far apart as 1/2 their length; each resting long edge lies 1/4 its length from the center, defined as the '''unit short radius''' (so the long edge length is 4, and their distance apart at rest is 2). In the resting state the short edge length is {{radic|6}} ≈ 2.449, and the long radius (center to vertex) is {{radic|5}} ≈ 2.236. The altitude of the isosceles triangles at rest is {{radic|2}} ≈ 1.414, and the long radius of the polyhedron expands by the ''product'' of {{radic|2}}: in the elastic-edge transformation from 2 at the octahedron limit of contraction to 2{{radic|2}} at the cuboctahedron limit of expansion, where the cuboctahedron's radius is also its edge length (it is [[W:Radially equilateral|radially equilateral]]).}} Force applied to any pair of parallel long edges, to move them closer together or farther apart, is transferred automatically to stretch ''all'' the short edges uniformly,{{Efn|The force places the long edges under compression load like [[W:Column|column]]s, not tension load like the short edges. Unlike the elastic short edges which stretch and lengthen slightly, the long edges must resist compression perfectly and not shorten.}} shrinking the polyhedron from its medium-size Jessen's icosahedron toward the smaller octahedron, or expanding it toward the larger regular icosahedron and still larger cuboctahedron, respectively.{{Efn|Forcing any pair of parallel long edges slightly apart ''expands'' the polyhedron, forcing all 3 pairs apart similarly until they become chords of the regular icosahedron, at which point the {{radic|6}} ≈ 2.449 short edges have stretched only ~1% to a length of <small>{{sfrac|4|ϕ}}</small> ≈ 2.472. If the short edges are elastic enough that they can be stretched ~15% to 2{{radic|2}} ≈ 2.828 the long edges will become the square face diagonals of the cuboctahedron (at the limit of expansion).}} Releasing the force causes the polyhedron to spring back to its Jessen's icosahedron resting shape.{{Efn|Forcing any pair of parallel long edges toward each other ''contracts'' the polyhedron, forcing all 3 pairs toward each other similarly until they coincide and become the 3 orthogonal axes of the regular octahedron. At that point (the limit of contraction) the {{radic|6}} ≈ 2.449 short edges have also stretched (not contracted!) to their limit length of 2{{radic|2}} ≈ 2.828, and now coincide in pairs as the 12 edges of the regular octahedron.}} In the elastic-edge transformation the cuboctahedron edges are not rigid (though the Jessen's icosahedron's 6 long edges are).{{Efn|The vertices of the regular icosahedron form five sets of three concentric, mutually [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] [[W:Golden rectangle|golden rectangle]]s, whose edges form [[W:Borromean rings|Borromean rings]]. In a Jessen's icosahedron of unit short radius one set of these three rectangles (the set in which the Jessen's icosahedron's long edges are the rectangles' long edges) measures <math>2\times 4</math>. These three rectangles are the shortest possible representation of the Borromean rings using only edges of the [[W:Integer lattice|integer lattice]].<ref name=lattice>{{citation | last1 = Uberti | first1 = R. | last2 = Janse van Rensburg | first2 = E. J. | last3 = Orlandini | first3 = E. | last4 = Tesi | first4 = M. C. | last5 = Whittington | first5 = S. G. | editor1-last = Whittington | editor1-first = Stuart G. | editor2-last = Sumners | editor2-first = Witt De | editor3-last = Lodge | editor3-first = Timothy | contribution = Minimal links in the cubic lattice | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4612-1712-1_9 | location = New York | pages = 89–100 | publisher = Springer | series = IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications | title = Topology and Geometry in Polymer Science | volume = 103 | year = 1998| isbn = 978-0-387-98580-0 }}; see Table 2, p. 97</ref>}} What the cuboctahedron actually transforms into is a regular icosahedron of shorter radius and shorter edge length, a Jessen's icosahedron of still shorter radius and (minimum) edge length, and finally an octahedron of still shorter radius but the same (maximum) edge length as the cuboctahedron (but only after the edges have shortened and lengthened again, and come together in coincident pairs). {| class="wikitable" width=640 !colspan=5| Elastic-edge kinematic cuboctahedra |- align=center | |[[Image:Cuboctahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Jessen's_icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Octahedron.svg|100px]] |- align=center | |[[W:Cuboctahedron|Cuboctahedron]] |[[W:Regular icosahedron|Regular icosahedron]] |[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] |[[W:Regular octahedron|Regular octahedron]] |- align=center |Edge |<small><math>2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.828</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{8}{1 + \sqrt{5}} \approx 2.472</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6} \approx 2.449</math></small> |<small><math>2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.828</math></small> |- align=center |Chord |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |- align=center |style="white-space: nowrap;"|Chord radius |<small><math>2</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{4}{1 + \sqrt{5}} \approx 1.236</math></small> |<small><math>1</math></small> |<small><math>0</math></small> |- align=center |Long radius |<small><math>2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.828</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{2\sqrt{10 + 2\sqrt{5}}}{1 + \sqrt{5}} \approx 2.351</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{5} \approx 2.236</math></small> |<small><math>2</math></small> |} ==Duality of the rigid-edge and elastic-edge transformations== The rigid-edge and elastic-edge cuboctahedron transformations differ only in having reciprocal parameters: in the elastic-edge transformation the Jessen's icosahedron's short edges stretch and its long edges are rigid, and in the rigid-edge transformation its long edges compress and its short edges are rigid. Everything in the descriptions above except the metrics applies to ''all'' cuboctahedron transformations. In particular, the vertices always move in helices toward the center as the cuboctahedron transforms into the octahedron,{{Sfn|Verheyen|1989|p=203|ps=; "As Clinton observed in his paper on expanding rigid structures,{{Sfn|Clinton|1971}} each triangle is subject to a translation-rotation along its symmetry axis. When starting from the position in the octahedron, these axes are the four triangular symmetry axes of the octahedron. When describing cylinders about the triangles along the axes, each vertex common to two triangles moves along the intersecting [[W:Helix|[helical]]] curve of the two cylinders."}}{{Sfn|Itoh|Nara|2021|p=13|loc=§4. From the 24-cell onto an octahedron; "Lemma 4.2|ps=. ''There is a continuous motion of Q (the cuboctahedron without square faces) shown in Fig. 5a onto the octahedron W⁰ satisfying the following conditions for each face F of Q, e.g. F = 𝚫a₁a₂a₃.'' (1) ''F is rotated and moved toward along the line l joining the centroids of F and 𝚫v₁v₂v₃.'' (2) ''F always touches the cylinder T(F), that is, F is always orthogonal to l.''"}} and the Jessen's icosahedron (with 90° dihedral angles and three invariant orthogonal planes) is always the median point, stable to the extent that there is resistance to the stretching or compressing.{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|p=14|loc=Equilibrium}} The elastic-edge cuboctahedron transformation is usually given as the mathematics of the [[W:Tensegrity#Tensegrity icosahedra|tensegrity icosahedron]]{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|pp=16-17|loc=Elasticity Multiplication}} because it comes closest to modeling how most actual tensegrity icosahedron structures behave. However, one could certainly construct a tensegrity icosahedron in which the short edges (cables) were perfectly inelastic, and the long edges (struts) were compressable springs. Such a tensegrity would perform the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation. Finally, both transformations are pure abstractions, the two limit cases of an infinite family of cuboctahedron transformations in which there are two elasticity parameters and no requirement that one of them be 0. Neither limit case is apt to apply perfectly to most real tensegrity structures, which usually have some elasticity in ''both'' the cables and the struts, giving their actual behavior metrics which are non-trivial to calculate.{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|p=12|loc=Equilibrium}} In engineering practice, only a tiny amount of elasticity is required to allow a significant degree of motion, so most tensegrity structures are constructed to be "drum-tight" using nearly inelastic struts ''and'' cables. A '''tensegrity icosahedron transformation''' is a kinematic cuboctahedron transformation with reciprocal small elasticity parameters. ==Jitterbug transformations== The twisting, expansive-contractive transformations between these polyhedra were named [[W:Synergetics (Fuller)#Tetrahedral accounting|Jitterbug transformations]] by [[W:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]]. Fuller did not give any mathematics;{{Sfn|Verheyen|1989}}{{Sfn|Itoh|Nara|2021|loc=Abstract|ps=; "This article addresses the [[24-cell]] and gives a continuous flattening motion for its 2-skeleton [the cuboctahedron], which is related to the Jitterbug by Buckminster Fuller."}} like many great geometers before him ([[W:Alicia Boole Stott|Alicia Boole Stott]] for example) he did not have any mathematics to give. But he was the first to stress the importance of the cuboctahedron's [[W:Cuboctahedron#Radial equilateral symmetry|radial equilateral symmetry]] which he applied structurally (and patented) as the [[W:Octet truss|octet truss]], intuiting that it plays a fundamental role not only in [[W:Structural integrity|structural integrity]] but in the dimensional relationships between [[W:Polytopes|polytopes]]. He discovered the symmetry transformations of the cuboctahedron, understood their relationship to the tensegrity icosahedron, and even gave demonstrations of the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation before audiences (in the days before computer-rendered animations). His demonstration with commentary of the "vector equilibrium",{{Sfn|Fuller|1975|loc=Fuller carefully folds a model of the cuboctahedron made of rigid struts with flexible joints through the entire ''rigid-edge'' transformation cycle|ps=; in this film, he does not demonstrate the ''elastic-edge'' transformation (which he observed in the tensegrity icosahedron), but he does show how a rigid regular icosahedron can be rotated inside an inscribing "vector edge cube" (a cube with an octahedron inscribed in it), keeping the 12 vertices on the surface of the cube (and on the edges of the octahedron inscribed in the cube) at all times; actually, Fuller could have rotated any of the kinematic polyhedra in an inscribing cube in this way: the entire cuboctahedron transformation cycle takes place inside an inscribing cube of varying edge length, with the 12 vertices always on the surface of the cube.}} as he called the cuboctahedron, is still far more illuminating than the animations in this article. ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book | last=Coxeter | first=H.S.M. | author-link=W:Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter | year=1973 | orig-year=1948 | title=Regular Polytopes | publisher=Dover | place=New York | edition=3rd | title-link=W:Regular Polytopes (book) }} * {{Cite book|last=Clinton|first=J.D.|year=1971|title=NASA Report: Advanced structural geometry studies, Part 2|chapter=A geometric transformation concept for expanding rigid structures|volume=CR-1735|publisher=Southern Ill. Univ.|place=Washington, D.C.}} * {{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sM44p385Ws| title = Vector Equilibrium | first = R. Buckminster | last = Fuller | author-link=W:Buckminster Fuller | year = 1975 | work= Everything I Know Sessions | place = Philadelphia}} * {{Cite book |first=Hugh |last=Kenner |title=Geodesic Math and How to Use It |publisher=University of California Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0520029248 |url=https://archive.org/details/geodesicmathhowt0000kenn |url-access=registration }} * {{cite journal | last = Verheyen | first = H. F. | doi = 10.1016/0898-1221(89)90160-0 | doi-access = free | issue = 1–3 | journal = [[W:Computers and Mathematics with Applications|Computers and Mathematics with Applications]] | mr = 0994201 | pages = 203–250 | title = The complete set of Jitterbug transformers and the analysis of their motion | volume = 17 | year = 1989 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Itoh | first1 = Jin-ichi | last2 = Nara | first2 = Chie | doi = 10.1007/s00022-021-00575-6 | doi-access = free | issue = 13 | journal = [[W:Journal of Geometry|Journal of Geometry]] | title = Continuous flattening of the 2-dimensional skeleton of a regular 24-cell | volume = 112 | year = 2021 }} * {{citation | last1 = Gunn | first1 = Charles | last2 = Sullivan | first2 = John M. | author2-link = W:John M. Sullivan (mathematician) | editor1-last = Sarhangi | editor1-first = Reza | editor2-last = Séquin | editor2-first = Carlo H. | editor2-link = W:Carlo H. Séquin | contribution = The Borromean Rings: A video about the New IMU logo | contribution-url = https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2008/bridges2008-63.html | isbn = 978-0-9665201-9-4 | location = London | pages = 63–70 | publisher = Tarquin Publications | title = Bridges Leeuwarden: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture | year = 2008}}; see also "[https://www.mathunion.org/outreach/imu-logo/borromean-rings Borromean Rings]", ''International Mathematical Union'' * {{cite journal| last1=Koca|first1=Nazife| last2=Al-Mukhaini|first2=Aida| last3=Koca|first3=Mehmet| last4=Al Qanobi|first4=Amal| date=2016-12-01| page=139| title=Symmetry of the Pyritohedron and Lattices| volume=21| doi=10.24200/squjs.vol21iss2pp139-149|doi-access=free| journal=Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS]|issue=2 }} {{refend}} 202h1ouoyngcy3cragmuv9msh5vik43 2688813 2688811 2024-11-25T17:05:30Z OhanaUnited 18921 science 2688813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Article info |journal=Wikijournal of Science |last=Christie |first=David Brooks |submitted = 2024-10-14 |abstract=The [[W:skeleton (topology)|skeleton]] of a [[W:Cuboctahedron|cuboctahedron]], considering its edges as rigid beams connected at flexible joints at its vertices but omitting its faces, does not have [[W:Structural rigidity|structural rigidity]] and consequently its vertices can be repositioned by folding (changing the dihedral angle) at edges and face diagonals. The cuboctahedron's [[W:Kinematics|kinematics]] is noteworthy in that its vertices can be repositioned to the vertex positions of the [[W:Regular icosahedron|regular icosahedron]], the [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]], and the regular [[W:Octahedron|octahedron]], in accordance with the [[W:Icosahedron#Pyritohedral symmetry|pyritohedral symmetry of the icosahedron]]. |w1=Kinematics of the cuboctahedron |et_al = Kinematics of the cuboctahedron |license = CC-BY-SA 4.0 }} {{Short description|Symmetrical transformations of the cuboctahedron into related uniform polyhedra}} [[File:A3-P5-P3.gif|thumb|Progressions between a cuboctahedron, [[W:Pseudoicosahedron|pseudoicosahedron]] and [[W:Octahedron|octahedron]]. The cuboctahedron can flex this way even if its edges (but not its faces) are rigid.]] ==Rigid and kinematic cuboctahedra== When interpreted as a framework of rigid flat faces, connected along the edges by hinges, the cuboctahedron is a rigid structure, as are all convex polyhedra, by [[W:Cauchy's theorem (geometry)|Cauchy's theorem]]. However, when the faces are removed, leaving only rigid edges connected by flexible joints at the vertices, the result is not a [[W:Rigid system|rigid system]] (unlike polyhedra whose faces are all triangles, to which Cauchy's theorem applies despite the missing faces). Adding a central vertex, connected by rigid edges to all the other vertices, subdivides the cuboctahedron into square pyramids and regular tetrahedra, meeting at the central vertex. Unlike the cuboctahedron itself, the resulting system of edges and joints is rigid, and forms the vertex figure of the infinite [[W:Tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb|tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb]]. ==Cyclical cuboctahedron transformations== {| class="wikitable" width=640 !colspan=5| Kinematic cuboctahedra |- align=center | |[[Image:Cuboctahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Jessen's_icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Octahedron.svg|100px]] |- align=center | |[[W:Cuboctahedron|Cuboctahedron]] |[[W:Regular icosahedron|Regular icosahedron]] |[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] |[[W:Regular octahedron|Regular octahedron]] |- align=center |width=100|[[W:Coxeter-Dynkin diagram|Coxeter mirrors]] |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node|4|node_1|3|node}} |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node_1|3|node|5|node}} |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node|2|node_h3|2|node}} |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node_1|3|node|4|node}} |- align=center |[[W:Tetrahedra#Fundamental domains|Mirror dihedrals]] |{{sfrac|𝝅|4}} {{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |{{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|5}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |{{sfrac|𝝅|2}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |{{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|4}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |} The cuboctahedron can be transformed cyclically through four polyhedra, repeating the cycle endlessly, in accordance with the [[W:Icosahedron#Pyritohedral symmetry|pyritohedral symmetry of the icosahedron]].{{Sfn|Gunn|Sullivan|2008|loc=§3. Pyritohedral Symmetry|ps=; "The pyritohedral 3D symmetry group is the unique polyhedral point group that is neither a rotation group nor a reflection group."}}{{Sfn|Koca|Al-Mukhaini|Koca|Al Qanobi|2016|loc=4. Pyritohedral Group and Related Polyhedra|p=145|ps=; see Table 1.}} [[W:Topology|Topologically]] the transformation follows a [[W:Möbius loop|Möbius loop]]: it is an [[W:Orientable double cover|orientable double cover]] of the octahedron. [[W:Physics|Physically]] it is a [[W:Spinor|spinor]]. In their spatial relationships the cuboctahedron, icosahedron, Jessen's icosahedron, and octahedron nest like [[W:Russian dolls|Russian dolls]]{{Efn|A [[600-cell#Icosahedra|static instance of this nesting]] of these polyhedra occurs in the [[600-cell]] regular 4-polytope.}} and are related by a [[W:Helix|helical]] contraction.{{Sfn|Coxeter|1973|pp=50-52|loc=§3.7: Coordinates for the vertices of the regular and quasi-regular solids|ps=; describes the cuboctahedron transformation in Euclidean 3-space; separately (pp=150-152, §8 Truncations) Coxeter also describes its 4-dimensional analogue, in which the cuboctahedron transforms in the curved 3-space of the [[W:3-sphere|3-sphere]] embedded in [[W:Four-dimensional space|Euclidean 4-space]]; that kinematics is beyond the scope of this article, except to note that it includes a further stage of the cuboctahedron transformation (which is not reached in the tensegrity icosahedron transformations described in this article): from the octahedron the vertices continue moving along the same helical paths, separating again into the 12 vertices of the [[W:Regular icosahedron#Symmetries|snub octahedron]] (a smaller regular icosahedron nested inside the octahedron).}} The contraction begins with the square faces of the cuboctahedron folding along their diagonals to form pairs of triangles. The 12 vertices of the cuboctahedron spiral inward (toward the center) and move closer together until they reach the points where they form a regular icosahedron; they move slightly closer together until they form a [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]]; and they continue to spiral toward each other until they coincide in pairs as the 6 vertices of the octahedron.{{Efn|The cuboctahedron radius is {{radic|2}} times the octahedron radius. The contraction is [[W:Chiral|chiral]], since there are two choices of diagonal on which to begin folding the square faces. The red-and-yellow animation in this article cycles endlessly through the same chiral form of the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation. It could (but does not) cycle through both chiral forms of the rigid-edge transformation alternately, departing from the cuboctahedron by folding the opposite set of square face diagonals each time. That would take it all the way around the topological [[W:Mobius loop|Mobius loop]] each time it traversed ''both'' chiral forms. But instead, it reverses at the limit cases (cuboctahedron and octahedron), and endlessly shuffles back and forth along the same half of the Mobius loop, never setting foot on the other half of it. Watch the blue-and-white animation carefully and see if you can tell if it is doing the same thing, or if it is performing the entire rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation.}} The general cuboctahedron transformation can be parameterized along a continuum of special-case transformations with two limit-cases: one in which the edges of the cuboctahedron are rigid, and one in which they are elastic. ==Rigid-edge transformation== [[File:Jitterbug pausing at jessen form.gif|alt=|thumb|Continuous transformation between the cuboctahedron and the octahedron pausing at the vertex position of the regular icosahedron. The vertex position of the Jessen's icosahedron lies between the regular icosahedron and the octahedron (but the animation does not pause there). This is an animation of the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation, ''not'' of the elastic-edge transformation: it does not illustrate the Jessen's icosahedron's long edges at all, and the short edges do not lengthen (as they do by 15% at the elastic-edge transformation's cuboctahedron and octahedron limit positions); instead, the (invisible) long edges shorten by 15% at the limit positions (in the elastic-edge transformation they are rigid). The passage of the Jessen's icosahedron point (important in the elastic-edge transformation because the short edges reach their minimum size and begin to lengthen again) is not visible at all. The helical contraction of the cuboctahedron into successively smaller-radius polyhedra is visible as it occurs in the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation (and in the elastic-edge transformation it would be quite similar).]] The '''rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation''' symmetrically transforms the cuboctahedron into a [[W:Regular icosahedron|regular icosahedron]], a [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]], and a regular [[W:Octahedron|octahedron]], in the sense that the polyhedron's vertices take on the vertex positions of those polyhedra successively. The cuboctahedron does not actually ''become'' those other polyhedra, and they cannot transform into each other (if they have rigid edges), because unlike the cuboctahedron they ''do'' have [[W:Structural rigidity|structural rigidity]] as a consequence of having only triangular faces. What the cuboctahedron with rigid edges actually can transform into (and through) is a regular icosahedron from which 6 edges are missing (a [[W:Pseudoicosahedron|pseudoicosahedron]]),{{Sfn|Koca|Al-Mukhaini|Koca|Al Qanobi|2016|loc=4.1 Construction of the vertices of the pseudoicosahedron}} a Jessen's icosahedron in which the 6 reflex edges are missing or elastic,{{Efn|The Jessen's icosahedron's long reflex edges have length 4''d'' where ''d'' is their mid-edge-to-center distance. In the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation the rigid-edge length is {{radic|6}}''d'', and the reflex edge chords shorten from 4''d'' to 2{{radic|3}}''d'' at both the cuboctahedron limit (where they are the diagonals of the square faces) and at the regular octahedron limit (where they are the long diameter).}} and a [[W:Orientability#Orientable double cover|double cover]] of the octahedron that has ''two'' coincident rigid edges connecting each pair of vertices (formed by making pairs of cuboctahedron vertices coincide). {| class="wikitable" width=640 !colspan=5| Rigid-edge kinematic cuboctahedra |- align=center | |[[Image:Cuboctahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Jessen's_icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Octahedron.svg|100px]] |- align=center | |[[W:Cuboctahedron|Cuboctahedron]] |[[W:Regular icosahedron|Regular icosahedron]] |[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] |[[W:Regular octahedron|Regular octahedron]] |- align=center |Edge |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |- align=center |Chord |<small><math>2\sqrt{3} \approx 3.464</math></small> |<small><math>\left(\tfrac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2}\right)\sqrt{6} \approx 3.963</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>2\sqrt{3} \approx 3.464</math></small> |- align=center |style="white-space: nowrap;"|Chord radius |<small><math>\sqrt{3} \approx 1.732</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2} \approx 1.225</math></small> |<small><math>1</math></small> |<small><math>0</math></small> |- align=center |Long radius |<small><math>\sqrt{6} \approx 2.449</math></small> |<small><math>\left(\tfrac{\sqrt{10 + 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}\right)\sqrt{6} \approx 2.330</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{5} \approx 2.236</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{3} \approx 1.732</math></small> |} ==Elastic-edge transformation== There is a [[W:Tensegrity|tensegrity]] polyhedron which embodies and enforces the closely related '''elastic-edge cuboctahedron transformation'''. The [[W:Tensegrity#Tensegrity icosahedra|tensegrity icosahedron]] has a dynamic structural rigidity called ''infinitesimal mobility'' and can ''only'' be deformed into symmetrical polyhedra along that spectrum from cuboctahedron to octahedron.{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|loc=§2. Spherical tensegrities|pp=11-19}} It is called the tensegrity icosahedron because its median stable form is the Jessen's icosahedron. {{Clear|left}} [[File:Jessen's icosahedron with dimensions.png|thumb|left|400px|[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]]. All dihedral angles are 90°. The vertices of the inscribed cube are the centers of the equilateral triangle faces. The polyhedron is a construct of the lengths {{radic|1}} {{radic|2}} {{radic|3}} {{radic|4}} {{radic|5}} {{radic|6}} of [[W:Legendre's three-square theorem|Legendre's three-square theorem]] and the angles {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} {{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|4}}.]]Although the transformation is described above as a contraction of the cuboctahedron, the stable equilibrium point of the tensegrity is the Jessen's icosahedron;{{Sfn|Fuller|1975|loc=cuboctahedron as vector equilibrium, a completely unstable condition|ps=; as [[W:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]] was the first to realize, the cuboctahedron is the antipodal ''unstable'' equilibrium point of the cycle. At that point, as at an airplane's [[W:Stall (fluid dynamics)|stall point]], multiple kinematics can happen: the polyhedron can depart the cuboctahedron in either direction along the [[W:Orientability#Orientable double cover|cycle]], folding on either set of square diagonals to select either of two [[W:Chiral|chiral]] subcycles (connected in a single [[W:Möbius loop|Möbius loop]]). In an actual tensegrity structure this [[W:Nondeterministic algorithm|nondeterministic choice]] does not occur, often because the cuboctahedron limit position is never actually reached; even when it is, the structure is constrained by the struts to one chiral form.}} the tensegrity icosahedron resists being deformed from that shape and can only be forced to expand or contract from it to the extent that its edges are elastic (able to lengthen under tension). Forcing the polyhedron away from its stable resting shape (in either direction) involves stretching its 24 short edges slightly and equally.{{Efn|The [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] has only 8 of the regular icosahedron's 20 equilateral triangle faces and 24 of its 30 edges, but it also has 12 isosceles triangle faces that meet in pairs at 6 longer edges (its ''reflex edges'' which lie in concave troughs). The 6 long edges occur as 3 orthogonal pairs of parallel edges on opposite sides of the polyhedron, and in their resting state each parallel pair is exactly as far apart as 1/2 their length; each resting long edge lies 1/4 its length from the center, defined as the '''unit short radius''' (so the long edge length is 4, and their distance apart at rest is 2). In the resting state the short edge length is {{radic|6}} ≈ 2.449, and the long radius (center to vertex) is {{radic|5}} ≈ 2.236. The altitude of the isosceles triangles at rest is {{radic|2}} ≈ 1.414, and the long radius of the polyhedron expands by the ''product'' of {{radic|2}}: in the elastic-edge transformation from 2 at the octahedron limit of contraction to 2{{radic|2}} at the cuboctahedron limit of expansion, where the cuboctahedron's radius is also its edge length (it is [[W:Radially equilateral|radially equilateral]]).}} Force applied to any pair of parallel long edges, to move them closer together or farther apart, is transferred automatically to stretch ''all'' the short edges uniformly,{{Efn|The force places the long edges under compression load like [[W:Column|column]]s, not tension load like the short edges. Unlike the elastic short edges which stretch and lengthen slightly, the long edges must resist compression perfectly and not shorten.}} shrinking the polyhedron from its medium-size Jessen's icosahedron toward the smaller octahedron, or expanding it toward the larger regular icosahedron and still larger cuboctahedron, respectively.{{Efn|Forcing any pair of parallel long edges slightly apart ''expands'' the polyhedron, forcing all 3 pairs apart similarly until they become chords of the regular icosahedron, at which point the {{radic|6}} ≈ 2.449 short edges have stretched only ~1% to a length of <small>{{sfrac|4|ϕ}}</small> ≈ 2.472. If the short edges are elastic enough that they can be stretched ~15% to 2{{radic|2}} ≈ 2.828 the long edges will become the square face diagonals of the cuboctahedron (at the limit of expansion).}} Releasing the force causes the polyhedron to spring back to its Jessen's icosahedron resting shape.{{Efn|Forcing any pair of parallel long edges toward each other ''contracts'' the polyhedron, forcing all 3 pairs toward each other similarly until they coincide and become the 3 orthogonal axes of the regular octahedron. At that point (the limit of contraction) the {{radic|6}} ≈ 2.449 short edges have also stretched (not contracted!) to their limit length of 2{{radic|2}} ≈ 2.828, and now coincide in pairs as the 12 edges of the regular octahedron.}} In the elastic-edge transformation the cuboctahedron edges are not rigid (though the Jessen's icosahedron's 6 long edges are).{{Efn|The vertices of the regular icosahedron form five sets of three concentric, mutually [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] [[W:Golden rectangle|golden rectangle]]s, whose edges form [[W:Borromean rings|Borromean rings]]. In a Jessen's icosahedron of unit short radius one set of these three rectangles (the set in which the Jessen's icosahedron's long edges are the rectangles' long edges) measures <math>2\times 4</math>. These three rectangles are the shortest possible representation of the Borromean rings using only edges of the [[W:Integer lattice|integer lattice]].<ref name=lattice>{{citation | last1 = Uberti | first1 = R. | last2 = Janse van Rensburg | first2 = E. J. | last3 = Orlandini | first3 = E. | last4 = Tesi | first4 = M. C. | last5 = Whittington | first5 = S. G. | editor1-last = Whittington | editor1-first = Stuart G. | editor2-last = Sumners | editor2-first = Witt De | editor3-last = Lodge | editor3-first = Timothy | contribution = Minimal links in the cubic lattice | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4612-1712-1_9 | location = New York | pages = 89–100 | publisher = Springer | series = IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications | title = Topology and Geometry in Polymer Science | volume = 103 | year = 1998| isbn = 978-0-387-98580-0 }}; see Table 2, p. 97</ref>}} What the cuboctahedron actually transforms into is a regular icosahedron of shorter radius and shorter edge length, a Jessen's icosahedron of still shorter radius and (minimum) edge length, and finally an octahedron of still shorter radius but the same (maximum) edge length as the cuboctahedron (but only after the edges have shortened and lengthened again, and come together in coincident pairs). {| class="wikitable" width=640 !colspan=5| Elastic-edge kinematic cuboctahedra |- align=center | |[[Image:Cuboctahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Jessen's_icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Octahedron.svg|100px]] |- align=center | |[[W:Cuboctahedron|Cuboctahedron]] |[[W:Regular icosahedron|Regular icosahedron]] |[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] |[[W:Regular octahedron|Regular octahedron]] |- align=center |Edge |<small><math>2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.828</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{8}{1 + \sqrt{5}} \approx 2.472</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6} \approx 2.449</math></small> |<small><math>2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.828</math></small> |- align=center |Chord |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |- align=center |style="white-space: nowrap;"|Chord radius |<small><math>2</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{4}{1 + \sqrt{5}} \approx 1.236</math></small> |<small><math>1</math></small> |<small><math>0</math></small> |- align=center |Long radius |<small><math>2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.828</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{2\sqrt{10 + 2\sqrt{5}}}{1 + \sqrt{5}} \approx 2.351</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{5} \approx 2.236</math></small> |<small><math>2</math></small> |} ==Duality of the rigid-edge and elastic-edge transformations== The rigid-edge and elastic-edge cuboctahedron transformations differ only in having reciprocal parameters: in the elastic-edge transformation the Jessen's icosahedron's short edges stretch and its long edges are rigid, and in the rigid-edge transformation its long edges compress and its short edges are rigid. Everything in the descriptions above except the metrics applies to ''all'' cuboctahedron transformations. In particular, the vertices always move in helices toward the center as the cuboctahedron transforms into the octahedron,{{Sfn|Verheyen|1989|p=203|ps=; "As Clinton observed in his paper on expanding rigid structures,{{Sfn|Clinton|1971}} each triangle is subject to a translation-rotation along its symmetry axis. When starting from the position in the octahedron, these axes are the four triangular symmetry axes of the octahedron. When describing cylinders about the triangles along the axes, each vertex common to two triangles moves along the intersecting [[W:Helix|[helical]]] curve of the two cylinders."}}{{Sfn|Itoh|Nara|2021|p=13|loc=§4. From the 24-cell onto an octahedron; "Lemma 4.2|ps=. ''There is a continuous motion of Q (the cuboctahedron without square faces) shown in Fig. 5a onto the octahedron W⁰ satisfying the following conditions for each face F of Q, e.g. F = 𝚫a₁a₂a₃.'' (1) ''F is rotated and moved toward along the line l joining the centroids of F and 𝚫v₁v₂v₃.'' (2) ''F always touches the cylinder T(F), that is, F is always orthogonal to l.''"}} and the Jessen's icosahedron (with 90° dihedral angles and three invariant orthogonal planes) is always the median point, stable to the extent that there is resistance to the stretching or compressing.{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|p=14|loc=Equilibrium}} The elastic-edge cuboctahedron transformation is usually given as the mathematics of the [[W:Tensegrity#Tensegrity icosahedra|tensegrity icosahedron]]{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|pp=16-17|loc=Elasticity Multiplication}} because it comes closest to modeling how most actual tensegrity icosahedron structures behave. However, one could certainly construct a tensegrity icosahedron in which the short edges (cables) were perfectly inelastic, and the long edges (struts) were compressable springs. Such a tensegrity would perform the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation. Finally, both transformations are pure abstractions, the two limit cases of an infinite family of cuboctahedron transformations in which there are two elasticity parameters and no requirement that one of them be 0. Neither limit case is apt to apply perfectly to most real tensegrity structures, which usually have some elasticity in ''both'' the cables and the struts, giving their actual behavior metrics which are non-trivial to calculate.{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|p=12|loc=Equilibrium}} In engineering practice, only a tiny amount of elasticity is required to allow a significant degree of motion, so most tensegrity structures are constructed to be "drum-tight" using nearly inelastic struts ''and'' cables. A '''tensegrity icosahedron transformation''' is a kinematic cuboctahedron transformation with reciprocal small elasticity parameters. ==Jitterbug transformations== The twisting, expansive-contractive transformations between these polyhedra were named [[W:Synergetics (Fuller)#Tetrahedral accounting|Jitterbug transformations]] by [[W:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]]. Fuller did not give any mathematics;{{Sfn|Verheyen|1989}}{{Sfn|Itoh|Nara|2021|loc=Abstract|ps=; "This article addresses the [[24-cell]] and gives a continuous flattening motion for its 2-skeleton [the cuboctahedron], which is related to the Jitterbug by Buckminster Fuller."}} like many great geometers before him ([[W:Alicia Boole Stott|Alicia Boole Stott]] for example) he did not have any mathematics to give. But he was the first to stress the importance of the cuboctahedron's [[W:Cuboctahedron#Radial equilateral symmetry|radial equilateral symmetry]] which he applied structurally (and patented) as the [[W:Octet truss|octet truss]], intuiting that it plays a fundamental role not only in [[W:Structural integrity|structural integrity]] but in the dimensional relationships between [[W:Polytopes|polytopes]]. He discovered the symmetry transformations of the cuboctahedron, understood their relationship to the tensegrity icosahedron, and even gave demonstrations of the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation before audiences (in the days before computer-rendered animations). His demonstration with commentary of the "vector equilibrium",{{Sfn|Fuller|1975|loc=Fuller carefully folds a model of the cuboctahedron made of rigid struts with flexible joints through the entire ''rigid-edge'' transformation cycle|ps=; in this film, he does not demonstrate the ''elastic-edge'' transformation (which he observed in the tensegrity icosahedron), but he does show how a rigid regular icosahedron can be rotated inside an inscribing "vector edge cube" (a cube with an octahedron inscribed in it), keeping the 12 vertices on the surface of the cube (and on the edges of the octahedron inscribed in the cube) at all times; actually, Fuller could have rotated any of the kinematic polyhedra in an inscribing cube in this way: the entire cuboctahedron transformation cycle takes place inside an inscribing cube of varying edge length, with the 12 vertices always on the surface of the cube.}} as he called the cuboctahedron, is still far more illuminating than the animations in this article. ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book | last=Coxeter | first=H.S.M. | author-link=W:Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter | year=1973 | orig-year=1948 | title=Regular Polytopes | publisher=Dover | place=New York | edition=3rd | title-link=W:Regular Polytopes (book) }} * {{Cite book|last=Clinton|first=J.D.|year=1971|title=NASA Report: Advanced structural geometry studies, Part 2|chapter=A geometric transformation concept for expanding rigid structures|volume=CR-1735|publisher=Southern Ill. Univ.|place=Washington, D.C.}} * {{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sM44p385Ws| title = Vector Equilibrium | first = R. Buckminster | last = Fuller | author-link=W:Buckminster Fuller | year = 1975 | work= Everything I Know Sessions | place = Philadelphia}} * {{Cite book |first=Hugh |last=Kenner |title=Geodesic Math and How to Use It |publisher=University of California Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0520029248 |url=https://archive.org/details/geodesicmathhowt0000kenn |url-access=registration }} * {{cite journal | last = Verheyen | first = H. F. | doi = 10.1016/0898-1221(89)90160-0 | doi-access = free | issue = 1–3 | journal = [[W:Computers and Mathematics with Applications|Computers and Mathematics with Applications]] | mr = 0994201 | pages = 203–250 | title = The complete set of Jitterbug transformers and the analysis of their motion | volume = 17 | year = 1989 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Itoh | first1 = Jin-ichi | last2 = Nara | first2 = Chie | doi = 10.1007/s00022-021-00575-6 | doi-access = free | issue = 13 | journal = [[W:Journal of Geometry|Journal of Geometry]] | title = Continuous flattening of the 2-dimensional skeleton of a regular 24-cell | volume = 112 | year = 2021 }} * {{citation | last1 = Gunn | first1 = Charles | last2 = Sullivan | first2 = John M. | author2-link = W:John M. Sullivan (mathematician) | editor1-last = Sarhangi | editor1-first = Reza | editor2-last = Séquin | editor2-first = Carlo H. | editor2-link = W:Carlo H. Séquin | contribution = The Borromean Rings: A video about the New IMU logo | contribution-url = https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2008/bridges2008-63.html | isbn = 978-0-9665201-9-4 | location = London | pages = 63–70 | publisher = Tarquin Publications | title = Bridges Leeuwarden: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture | year = 2008}}; see also "[https://www.mathunion.org/outreach/imu-logo/borromean-rings Borromean Rings]", ''International Mathematical Union'' * {{cite journal| last1=Koca|first1=Nazife| last2=Al-Mukhaini|first2=Aida| last3=Koca|first3=Mehmet| last4=Al Qanobi|first4=Amal| date=2016-12-01| page=139| title=Symmetry of the Pyritohedron and Lattices| volume=21| doi=10.24200/squjs.vol21iss2pp139-149|doi-access=free| journal=Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS]|issue=2 }} {{refend}} 1gpdnuvfec5evqpfiy58ezorm7rw2cv 2688814 2688813 2024-11-25T17:05:43Z OhanaUnited 18921 2688814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Article info |journal=WikiJournal of Science |last=Christie |first=David Brooks |submitted = 2024-10-14 |abstract=The [[W:skeleton (topology)|skeleton]] of a [[W:Cuboctahedron|cuboctahedron]], considering its edges as rigid beams connected at flexible joints at its vertices but omitting its faces, does not have [[W:Structural rigidity|structural rigidity]] and consequently its vertices can be repositioned by folding (changing the dihedral angle) at edges and face diagonals. The cuboctahedron's [[W:Kinematics|kinematics]] is noteworthy in that its vertices can be repositioned to the vertex positions of the [[W:Regular icosahedron|regular icosahedron]], the [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]], and the regular [[W:Octahedron|octahedron]], in accordance with the [[W:Icosahedron#Pyritohedral symmetry|pyritohedral symmetry of the icosahedron]]. |w1=Kinematics of the cuboctahedron |et_al = Kinematics of the cuboctahedron |license = CC-BY-SA 4.0 }} {{Short description|Symmetrical transformations of the cuboctahedron into related uniform polyhedra}} [[File:A3-P5-P3.gif|thumb|Progressions between a cuboctahedron, [[W:Pseudoicosahedron|pseudoicosahedron]] and [[W:Octahedron|octahedron]]. The cuboctahedron can flex this way even if its edges (but not its faces) are rigid.]] ==Rigid and kinematic cuboctahedra== When interpreted as a framework of rigid flat faces, connected along the edges by hinges, the cuboctahedron is a rigid structure, as are all convex polyhedra, by [[W:Cauchy's theorem (geometry)|Cauchy's theorem]]. However, when the faces are removed, leaving only rigid edges connected by flexible joints at the vertices, the result is not a [[W:Rigid system|rigid system]] (unlike polyhedra whose faces are all triangles, to which Cauchy's theorem applies despite the missing faces). Adding a central vertex, connected by rigid edges to all the other vertices, subdivides the cuboctahedron into square pyramids and regular tetrahedra, meeting at the central vertex. Unlike the cuboctahedron itself, the resulting system of edges and joints is rigid, and forms the vertex figure of the infinite [[W:Tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb|tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb]]. ==Cyclical cuboctahedron transformations== {| class="wikitable" width=640 !colspan=5| Kinematic cuboctahedra |- align=center | |[[Image:Cuboctahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Jessen's_icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Octahedron.svg|100px]] |- align=center | |[[W:Cuboctahedron|Cuboctahedron]] |[[W:Regular icosahedron|Regular icosahedron]] |[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] |[[W:Regular octahedron|Regular octahedron]] |- align=center |width=100|[[W:Coxeter-Dynkin diagram|Coxeter mirrors]] |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node|4|node_1|3|node}} |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node_1|3|node|5|node}} |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node|2|node_h3|2|node}} |{{Coxeter–Dynkin diagram|node_1|3|node|4|node}} |- align=center |[[W:Tetrahedra#Fundamental domains|Mirror dihedrals]] |{{sfrac|𝝅|4}} {{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |{{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|5}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |{{sfrac|𝝅|2}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |{{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|4}} {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} |} The cuboctahedron can be transformed cyclically through four polyhedra, repeating the cycle endlessly, in accordance with the [[W:Icosahedron#Pyritohedral symmetry|pyritohedral symmetry of the icosahedron]].{{Sfn|Gunn|Sullivan|2008|loc=§3. Pyritohedral Symmetry|ps=; "The pyritohedral 3D symmetry group is the unique polyhedral point group that is neither a rotation group nor a reflection group."}}{{Sfn|Koca|Al-Mukhaini|Koca|Al Qanobi|2016|loc=4. Pyritohedral Group and Related Polyhedra|p=145|ps=; see Table 1.}} [[W:Topology|Topologically]] the transformation follows a [[W:Möbius loop|Möbius loop]]: it is an [[W:Orientable double cover|orientable double cover]] of the octahedron. [[W:Physics|Physically]] it is a [[W:Spinor|spinor]]. In their spatial relationships the cuboctahedron, icosahedron, Jessen's icosahedron, and octahedron nest like [[W:Russian dolls|Russian dolls]]{{Efn|A [[600-cell#Icosahedra|static instance of this nesting]] of these polyhedra occurs in the [[600-cell]] regular 4-polytope.}} and are related by a [[W:Helix|helical]] contraction.{{Sfn|Coxeter|1973|pp=50-52|loc=§3.7: Coordinates for the vertices of the regular and quasi-regular solids|ps=; describes the cuboctahedron transformation in Euclidean 3-space; separately (pp=150-152, §8 Truncations) Coxeter also describes its 4-dimensional analogue, in which the cuboctahedron transforms in the curved 3-space of the [[W:3-sphere|3-sphere]] embedded in [[W:Four-dimensional space|Euclidean 4-space]]; that kinematics is beyond the scope of this article, except to note that it includes a further stage of the cuboctahedron transformation (which is not reached in the tensegrity icosahedron transformations described in this article): from the octahedron the vertices continue moving along the same helical paths, separating again into the 12 vertices of the [[W:Regular icosahedron#Symmetries|snub octahedron]] (a smaller regular icosahedron nested inside the octahedron).}} The contraction begins with the square faces of the cuboctahedron folding along their diagonals to form pairs of triangles. The 12 vertices of the cuboctahedron spiral inward (toward the center) and move closer together until they reach the points where they form a regular icosahedron; they move slightly closer together until they form a [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]]; and they continue to spiral toward each other until they coincide in pairs as the 6 vertices of the octahedron.{{Efn|The cuboctahedron radius is {{radic|2}} times the octahedron radius. The contraction is [[W:Chiral|chiral]], since there are two choices of diagonal on which to begin folding the square faces. The red-and-yellow animation in this article cycles endlessly through the same chiral form of the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation. It could (but does not) cycle through both chiral forms of the rigid-edge transformation alternately, departing from the cuboctahedron by folding the opposite set of square face diagonals each time. That would take it all the way around the topological [[W:Mobius loop|Mobius loop]] each time it traversed ''both'' chiral forms. But instead, it reverses at the limit cases (cuboctahedron and octahedron), and endlessly shuffles back and forth along the same half of the Mobius loop, never setting foot on the other half of it. Watch the blue-and-white animation carefully and see if you can tell if it is doing the same thing, or if it is performing the entire rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation.}} The general cuboctahedron transformation can be parameterized along a continuum of special-case transformations with two limit-cases: one in which the edges of the cuboctahedron are rigid, and one in which they are elastic. ==Rigid-edge transformation== [[File:Jitterbug pausing at jessen form.gif|alt=|thumb|Continuous transformation between the cuboctahedron and the octahedron pausing at the vertex position of the regular icosahedron. The vertex position of the Jessen's icosahedron lies between the regular icosahedron and the octahedron (but the animation does not pause there). This is an animation of the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation, ''not'' of the elastic-edge transformation: it does not illustrate the Jessen's icosahedron's long edges at all, and the short edges do not lengthen (as they do by 15% at the elastic-edge transformation's cuboctahedron and octahedron limit positions); instead, the (invisible) long edges shorten by 15% at the limit positions (in the elastic-edge transformation they are rigid). The passage of the Jessen's icosahedron point (important in the elastic-edge transformation because the short edges reach their minimum size and begin to lengthen again) is not visible at all. The helical contraction of the cuboctahedron into successively smaller-radius polyhedra is visible as it occurs in the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation (and in the elastic-edge transformation it would be quite similar).]] The '''rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation''' symmetrically transforms the cuboctahedron into a [[W:Regular icosahedron|regular icosahedron]], a [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]], and a regular [[W:Octahedron|octahedron]], in the sense that the polyhedron's vertices take on the vertex positions of those polyhedra successively. The cuboctahedron does not actually ''become'' those other polyhedra, and they cannot transform into each other (if they have rigid edges), because unlike the cuboctahedron they ''do'' have [[W:Structural rigidity|structural rigidity]] as a consequence of having only triangular faces. What the cuboctahedron with rigid edges actually can transform into (and through) is a regular icosahedron from which 6 edges are missing (a [[W:Pseudoicosahedron|pseudoicosahedron]]),{{Sfn|Koca|Al-Mukhaini|Koca|Al Qanobi|2016|loc=4.1 Construction of the vertices of the pseudoicosahedron}} a Jessen's icosahedron in which the 6 reflex edges are missing or elastic,{{Efn|The Jessen's icosahedron's long reflex edges have length 4''d'' where ''d'' is their mid-edge-to-center distance. In the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation the rigid-edge length is {{radic|6}}''d'', and the reflex edge chords shorten from 4''d'' to 2{{radic|3}}''d'' at both the cuboctahedron limit (where they are the diagonals of the square faces) and at the regular octahedron limit (where they are the long diameter).}} and a [[W:Orientability#Orientable double cover|double cover]] of the octahedron that has ''two'' coincident rigid edges connecting each pair of vertices (formed by making pairs of cuboctahedron vertices coincide). {| class="wikitable" width=640 !colspan=5| Rigid-edge kinematic cuboctahedra |- align=center | |[[Image:Cuboctahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Jessen's_icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Octahedron.svg|100px]] |- align=center | |[[W:Cuboctahedron|Cuboctahedron]] |[[W:Regular icosahedron|Regular icosahedron]] |[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] |[[W:Regular octahedron|Regular octahedron]] |- align=center |Edge |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6}</math></small> |- align=center |Chord |<small><math>2\sqrt{3} \approx 3.464</math></small> |<small><math>\left(\tfrac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2}\right)\sqrt{6} \approx 3.963</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>2\sqrt{3} \approx 3.464</math></small> |- align=center |style="white-space: nowrap;"|Chord radius |<small><math>\sqrt{3} \approx 1.732</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2} \approx 1.225</math></small> |<small><math>1</math></small> |<small><math>0</math></small> |- align=center |Long radius |<small><math>\sqrt{6} \approx 2.449</math></small> |<small><math>\left(\tfrac{\sqrt{10 + 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}\right)\sqrt{6} \approx 2.330</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{5} \approx 2.236</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{3} \approx 1.732</math></small> |} ==Elastic-edge transformation== There is a [[W:Tensegrity|tensegrity]] polyhedron which embodies and enforces the closely related '''elastic-edge cuboctahedron transformation'''. The [[W:Tensegrity#Tensegrity icosahedra|tensegrity icosahedron]] has a dynamic structural rigidity called ''infinitesimal mobility'' and can ''only'' be deformed into symmetrical polyhedra along that spectrum from cuboctahedron to octahedron.{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|loc=§2. Spherical tensegrities|pp=11-19}} It is called the tensegrity icosahedron because its median stable form is the Jessen's icosahedron. {{Clear|left}} [[File:Jessen's icosahedron with dimensions.png|thumb|left|400px|[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]]. All dihedral angles are 90°. The vertices of the inscribed cube are the centers of the equilateral triangle faces. The polyhedron is a construct of the lengths {{radic|1}} {{radic|2}} {{radic|3}} {{radic|4}} {{radic|5}} {{radic|6}} of [[W:Legendre's three-square theorem|Legendre's three-square theorem]] and the angles {{sfrac|𝝅|2}} {{sfrac|𝝅|3}} {{sfrac|𝝅|4}}.]]Although the transformation is described above as a contraction of the cuboctahedron, the stable equilibrium point of the tensegrity is the Jessen's icosahedron;{{Sfn|Fuller|1975|loc=cuboctahedron as vector equilibrium, a completely unstable condition|ps=; as [[W:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]] was the first to realize, the cuboctahedron is the antipodal ''unstable'' equilibrium point of the cycle. At that point, as at an airplane's [[W:Stall (fluid dynamics)|stall point]], multiple kinematics can happen: the polyhedron can depart the cuboctahedron in either direction along the [[W:Orientability#Orientable double cover|cycle]], folding on either set of square diagonals to select either of two [[W:Chiral|chiral]] subcycles (connected in a single [[W:Möbius loop|Möbius loop]]). In an actual tensegrity structure this [[W:Nondeterministic algorithm|nondeterministic choice]] does not occur, often because the cuboctahedron limit position is never actually reached; even when it is, the structure is constrained by the struts to one chiral form.}} the tensegrity icosahedron resists being deformed from that shape and can only be forced to expand or contract from it to the extent that its edges are elastic (able to lengthen under tension). Forcing the polyhedron away from its stable resting shape (in either direction) involves stretching its 24 short edges slightly and equally.{{Efn|The [[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] has only 8 of the regular icosahedron's 20 equilateral triangle faces and 24 of its 30 edges, but it also has 12 isosceles triangle faces that meet in pairs at 6 longer edges (its ''reflex edges'' which lie in concave troughs). The 6 long edges occur as 3 orthogonal pairs of parallel edges on opposite sides of the polyhedron, and in their resting state each parallel pair is exactly as far apart as 1/2 their length; each resting long edge lies 1/4 its length from the center, defined as the '''unit short radius''' (so the long edge length is 4, and their distance apart at rest is 2). In the resting state the short edge length is {{radic|6}} ≈ 2.449, and the long radius (center to vertex) is {{radic|5}} ≈ 2.236. The altitude of the isosceles triangles at rest is {{radic|2}} ≈ 1.414, and the long radius of the polyhedron expands by the ''product'' of {{radic|2}}: in the elastic-edge transformation from 2 at the octahedron limit of contraction to 2{{radic|2}} at the cuboctahedron limit of expansion, where the cuboctahedron's radius is also its edge length (it is [[W:Radially equilateral|radially equilateral]]).}} Force applied to any pair of parallel long edges, to move them closer together or farther apart, is transferred automatically to stretch ''all'' the short edges uniformly,{{Efn|The force places the long edges under compression load like [[W:Column|column]]s, not tension load like the short edges. Unlike the elastic short edges which stretch and lengthen slightly, the long edges must resist compression perfectly and not shorten.}} shrinking the polyhedron from its medium-size Jessen's icosahedron toward the smaller octahedron, or expanding it toward the larger regular icosahedron and still larger cuboctahedron, respectively.{{Efn|Forcing any pair of parallel long edges slightly apart ''expands'' the polyhedron, forcing all 3 pairs apart similarly until they become chords of the regular icosahedron, at which point the {{radic|6}} ≈ 2.449 short edges have stretched only ~1% to a length of <small>{{sfrac|4|ϕ}}</small> ≈ 2.472. If the short edges are elastic enough that they can be stretched ~15% to 2{{radic|2}} ≈ 2.828 the long edges will become the square face diagonals of the cuboctahedron (at the limit of expansion).}} Releasing the force causes the polyhedron to spring back to its Jessen's icosahedron resting shape.{{Efn|Forcing any pair of parallel long edges toward each other ''contracts'' the polyhedron, forcing all 3 pairs toward each other similarly until they coincide and become the 3 orthogonal axes of the regular octahedron. At that point (the limit of contraction) the {{radic|6}} ≈ 2.449 short edges have also stretched (not contracted!) to their limit length of 2{{radic|2}} ≈ 2.828, and now coincide in pairs as the 12 edges of the regular octahedron.}} In the elastic-edge transformation the cuboctahedron edges are not rigid (though the Jessen's icosahedron's 6 long edges are).{{Efn|The vertices of the regular icosahedron form five sets of three concentric, mutually [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] [[W:Golden rectangle|golden rectangle]]s, whose edges form [[W:Borromean rings|Borromean rings]]. In a Jessen's icosahedron of unit short radius one set of these three rectangles (the set in which the Jessen's icosahedron's long edges are the rectangles' long edges) measures <math>2\times 4</math>. These three rectangles are the shortest possible representation of the Borromean rings using only edges of the [[W:Integer lattice|integer lattice]].<ref name=lattice>{{citation | last1 = Uberti | first1 = R. | last2 = Janse van Rensburg | first2 = E. J. | last3 = Orlandini | first3 = E. | last4 = Tesi | first4 = M. C. | last5 = Whittington | first5 = S. G. | editor1-last = Whittington | editor1-first = Stuart G. | editor2-last = Sumners | editor2-first = Witt De | editor3-last = Lodge | editor3-first = Timothy | contribution = Minimal links in the cubic lattice | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4612-1712-1_9 | location = New York | pages = 89–100 | publisher = Springer | series = IMA Volumes in Mathematics and its Applications | title = Topology and Geometry in Polymer Science | volume = 103 | year = 1998| isbn = 978-0-387-98580-0 }}; see Table 2, p. 97</ref>}} What the cuboctahedron actually transforms into is a regular icosahedron of shorter radius and shorter edge length, a Jessen's icosahedron of still shorter radius and (minimum) edge length, and finally an octahedron of still shorter radius but the same (maximum) edge length as the cuboctahedron (but only after the edges have shortened and lengthened again, and come together in coincident pairs). {| class="wikitable" width=640 !colspan=5| Elastic-edge kinematic cuboctahedra |- align=center | |[[Image:Cuboctahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Jessen's_icosahedron.svg|100px]] |[[Image:Octahedron.svg|100px]] |- align=center | |[[W:Cuboctahedron|Cuboctahedron]] |[[W:Regular icosahedron|Regular icosahedron]] |[[W:Jessen's icosahedron|Jessen's icosahedron]] |[[W:Regular octahedron|Regular octahedron]] |- align=center |Edge |<small><math>2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.828</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{8}{1 + \sqrt{5}} \approx 2.472</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{6} \approx 2.449</math></small> |<small><math>2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.828</math></small> |- align=center |Chord |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |<small><math>4</math></small> |- align=center |style="white-space: nowrap;"|Chord radius |<small><math>2</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{4}{1 + \sqrt{5}} \approx 1.236</math></small> |<small><math>1</math></small> |<small><math>0</math></small> |- align=center |Long radius |<small><math>2\sqrt{2} \approx 2.828</math></small> |<small><math>\tfrac{2\sqrt{10 + 2\sqrt{5}}}{1 + \sqrt{5}} \approx 2.351</math></small> |<small><math>\sqrt{5} \approx 2.236</math></small> |<small><math>2</math></small> |} ==Duality of the rigid-edge and elastic-edge transformations== The rigid-edge and elastic-edge cuboctahedron transformations differ only in having reciprocal parameters: in the elastic-edge transformation the Jessen's icosahedron's short edges stretch and its long edges are rigid, and in the rigid-edge transformation its long edges compress and its short edges are rigid. Everything in the descriptions above except the metrics applies to ''all'' cuboctahedron transformations. In particular, the vertices always move in helices toward the center as the cuboctahedron transforms into the octahedron,{{Sfn|Verheyen|1989|p=203|ps=; "As Clinton observed in his paper on expanding rigid structures,{{Sfn|Clinton|1971}} each triangle is subject to a translation-rotation along its symmetry axis. When starting from the position in the octahedron, these axes are the four triangular symmetry axes of the octahedron. When describing cylinders about the triangles along the axes, each vertex common to two triangles moves along the intersecting [[W:Helix|[helical]]] curve of the two cylinders."}}{{Sfn|Itoh|Nara|2021|p=13|loc=§4. From the 24-cell onto an octahedron; "Lemma 4.2|ps=. ''There is a continuous motion of Q (the cuboctahedron without square faces) shown in Fig. 5a onto the octahedron W⁰ satisfying the following conditions for each face F of Q, e.g. F = 𝚫a₁a₂a₃.'' (1) ''F is rotated and moved toward along the line l joining the centroids of F and 𝚫v₁v₂v₃.'' (2) ''F always touches the cylinder T(F), that is, F is always orthogonal to l.''"}} and the Jessen's icosahedron (with 90° dihedral angles and three invariant orthogonal planes) is always the median point, stable to the extent that there is resistance to the stretching or compressing.{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|p=14|loc=Equilibrium}} The elastic-edge cuboctahedron transformation is usually given as the mathematics of the [[W:Tensegrity#Tensegrity icosahedra|tensegrity icosahedron]]{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|pp=16-17|loc=Elasticity Multiplication}} because it comes closest to modeling how most actual tensegrity icosahedron structures behave. However, one could certainly construct a tensegrity icosahedron in which the short edges (cables) were perfectly inelastic, and the long edges (struts) were compressable springs. Such a tensegrity would perform the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation. Finally, both transformations are pure abstractions, the two limit cases of an infinite family of cuboctahedron transformations in which there are two elasticity parameters and no requirement that one of them be 0. Neither limit case is apt to apply perfectly to most real tensegrity structures, which usually have some elasticity in ''both'' the cables and the struts, giving their actual behavior metrics which are non-trivial to calculate.{{Sfn|Kenner|1976|p=12|loc=Equilibrium}} In engineering practice, only a tiny amount of elasticity is required to allow a significant degree of motion, so most tensegrity structures are constructed to be "drum-tight" using nearly inelastic struts ''and'' cables. A '''tensegrity icosahedron transformation''' is a kinematic cuboctahedron transformation with reciprocal small elasticity parameters. ==Jitterbug transformations== The twisting, expansive-contractive transformations between these polyhedra were named [[W:Synergetics (Fuller)#Tetrahedral accounting|Jitterbug transformations]] by [[W:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]]. Fuller did not give any mathematics;{{Sfn|Verheyen|1989}}{{Sfn|Itoh|Nara|2021|loc=Abstract|ps=; "This article addresses the [[24-cell]] and gives a continuous flattening motion for its 2-skeleton [the cuboctahedron], which is related to the Jitterbug by Buckminster Fuller."}} like many great geometers before him ([[W:Alicia Boole Stott|Alicia Boole Stott]] for example) he did not have any mathematics to give. But he was the first to stress the importance of the cuboctahedron's [[W:Cuboctahedron#Radial equilateral symmetry|radial equilateral symmetry]] which he applied structurally (and patented) as the [[W:Octet truss|octet truss]], intuiting that it plays a fundamental role not only in [[W:Structural integrity|structural integrity]] but in the dimensional relationships between [[W:Polytopes|polytopes]]. He discovered the symmetry transformations of the cuboctahedron, understood their relationship to the tensegrity icosahedron, and even gave demonstrations of the rigid-edge cuboctahedron transformation before audiences (in the days before computer-rendered animations). His demonstration with commentary of the "vector equilibrium",{{Sfn|Fuller|1975|loc=Fuller carefully folds a model of the cuboctahedron made of rigid struts with flexible joints through the entire ''rigid-edge'' transformation cycle|ps=; in this film, he does not demonstrate the ''elastic-edge'' transformation (which he observed in the tensegrity icosahedron), but he does show how a rigid regular icosahedron can be rotated inside an inscribing "vector edge cube" (a cube with an octahedron inscribed in it), keeping the 12 vertices on the surface of the cube (and on the edges of the octahedron inscribed in the cube) at all times; actually, Fuller could have rotated any of the kinematic polyhedra in an inscribing cube in this way: the entire cuboctahedron transformation cycle takes place inside an inscribing cube of varying edge length, with the 12 vertices always on the surface of the cube.}} as he called the cuboctahedron, is still far more illuminating than the animations in this article. ==Notes== {{Notelist}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book | last=Coxeter | first=H.S.M. | author-link=W:Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter | year=1973 | orig-year=1948 | title=Regular Polytopes | publisher=Dover | place=New York | edition=3rd | title-link=W:Regular Polytopes (book) }} * {{Cite book|last=Clinton|first=J.D.|year=1971|title=NASA Report: Advanced structural geometry studies, Part 2|chapter=A geometric transformation concept for expanding rigid structures|volume=CR-1735|publisher=Southern Ill. Univ.|place=Washington, D.C.}} * {{Cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sM44p385Ws| title = Vector Equilibrium | first = R. Buckminster | last = Fuller | author-link=W:Buckminster Fuller | year = 1975 | work= Everything I Know Sessions | place = Philadelphia}} * {{Cite book |first=Hugh |last=Kenner |title=Geodesic Math and How to Use It |publisher=University of California Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0520029248 |url=https://archive.org/details/geodesicmathhowt0000kenn |url-access=registration }} * {{cite journal | last = Verheyen | first = H. F. | doi = 10.1016/0898-1221(89)90160-0 | doi-access = free | issue = 1–3 | journal = [[W:Computers and Mathematics with Applications|Computers and Mathematics with Applications]] | mr = 0994201 | pages = 203–250 | title = The complete set of Jitterbug transformers and the analysis of their motion | volume = 17 | year = 1989 }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Itoh | first1 = Jin-ichi | last2 = Nara | first2 = Chie | doi = 10.1007/s00022-021-00575-6 | doi-access = free | issue = 13 | journal = [[W:Journal of Geometry|Journal of Geometry]] | title = Continuous flattening of the 2-dimensional skeleton of a regular 24-cell | volume = 112 | year = 2021 }} * {{citation | last1 = Gunn | first1 = Charles | last2 = Sullivan | first2 = John M. | author2-link = W:John M. Sullivan (mathematician) | editor1-last = Sarhangi | editor1-first = Reza | editor2-last = Séquin | editor2-first = Carlo H. | editor2-link = W:Carlo H. Séquin | contribution = The Borromean Rings: A video about the New IMU logo | contribution-url = https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2008/bridges2008-63.html | isbn = 978-0-9665201-9-4 | location = London | pages = 63–70 | publisher = Tarquin Publications | title = Bridges Leeuwarden: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture | year = 2008}}; see also "[https://www.mathunion.org/outreach/imu-logo/borromean-rings Borromean Rings]", ''International Mathematical Union'' * {{cite journal| last1=Koca|first1=Nazife| last2=Al-Mukhaini|first2=Aida| last3=Koca|first3=Mehmet| last4=Al Qanobi|first4=Amal| date=2016-12-01| page=139| title=Symmetry of the Pyritohedron and Lattices| volume=21| doi=10.24200/squjs.vol21iss2pp139-149|doi-access=free| journal=Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS]|issue=2 }} {{refend}} sv3o08ktfr701zvypsxpj3a97wzxz0j 10 310967 2688829 2688732 2024-11-25T22:07:58Z Jtneill 10242 2688829 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Engage reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of possessive apostrophes (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats')[https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/punctuation/apostrophe-rules.html] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/No use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Engage reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of possessive apostrophes (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats')[https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/punctuation/apostrophe-rules.html] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/No use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> cx82esprlwasuxuukwp3eqn18ozrk0a 2688830 2688829 2024-11-25T22:16:29Z Jtneill 10242 2688830 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Engage reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/No use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Engage reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/No use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> 1o6b9i7vnigjrjp29yqwq5kz8ihouec 2688831 2688830 2024-11-25T22:34:42Z Jtneill 10242 # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources 2688831 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Engage reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/No use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engages reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Engage reader via a case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/No use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> 40ny53nqkt4bypkerpw4qco42n1yqjp 2688840 2688831 2024-11-25T23:16:50Z Jtneill 10242 2688840 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/No use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/No use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> 9r9pvku4lu1nxoagv5e2bc2u0gtku2n 2688846 2688840 2024-11-26T01:11:10Z Jtneill 10242 2688846 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Consider adding embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/Consider adding embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY Video] (1 min) ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Consider adding embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/Consider adding embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> fu9bph4cfxn4ksxqz7ouse50um1byev 2688850 2688846 2024-11-26T01:37:29Z Jtneill 10242 2688850 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Consider adding embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/Consider adding embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "As previously mentioned"). Instead: ### it is, most often, not needed at all, or ### use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]] ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Consider adding embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/Consider adding embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> 3gg4m70a14dqsz5s16gar3ohd6p9q36 2688853 2688850 2024-11-26T02:42:42Z Jtneill 10242 2688853 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Consider adding embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/Consider adding embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Consider adding embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One/Consider adding embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> qs5sul2s76z03qci69zqe1q738q8lpb 2688854 2688853 2024-11-26T02:59:32Z Jtneill 10242 2688854 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Add embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Add embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project.<!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Consider adding quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/Consider adding external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> hpqptafjsdvndsdvzio56xjoc5vm3ob 2688855 2688854 2024-11-26T03:01:37Z Jtneill 10242 2688855 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Add embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Some of the written expression is quite abstract, which makes this a difficult read for an unfamiliar reader. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression to make it more accessible to a wider audience. This is the essence of [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## The written expression is quite convoluted, which makes this a difficult read. Consider ways of simplifying the written expression. This is important for effective [[w:science communication|science communication]]. ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Add embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project.<!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> 0g2tpokl0qsb72gd3mw2jhw8yrz1qw4 2688868 2688855 2024-11-26T04:55:24Z Jtneill 10242 2688868 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Add embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Add embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project.<!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> qs7c851t4wpc2e8dkqaigy7wn09cfcb 2688869 2688868 2024-11-26T05:12:28Z Jtneill 10242 2688869 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Feedback [[wikiversity:FAQ/Template|template]] for the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|book chapter]] exercise for the [[motivation and emotion]] unit. Designed to be [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] on a chapter [[Help:Talk page|talk page]]. __NOTOC__</noinclude><includeonly> ==[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter]] review and feedback== {{RoundBoxTop|theme=8}} This chapter has been reviewed according to the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria|marking criteria]]. Written feedback is provided below, plus there is a [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Feedback|general feedback]] page. Please also check the chapter's [[Help:Page history|page history]] to check for editing changes made whilst reviewing through the chapter. Chapter marks will be available via {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}} along with [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Social contribution|social contribution]] marks and feedback. Keep an eye on Announcements. {{RoundBoxBottom}} {{RoundBoxTop|theme=}}[[File:Wikiuutiset logo typewriter.png|right|85px]] ===Overall=== {{{1|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Overview (5%)|Overview]]=== {{{2|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Theory (20%)|Theory]]=== {{{3|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Research (25%)|Research]]=== {{{4|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Integration (10%)|Integration]]=== {{{5|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Conclusion (5%)|Conclusion]]=== {{{6|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Style (20%)|Style]]=== {{{7|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Learning features (5%)|Learning features]]=== {{{8|No comment}}} ===[[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Marking criteria#Social contribution (10%)|Social contribution]]=== {{{9|No comment}}} {{RoundBoxBottom}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{collapse top|Simple example}} ==Simple example== See also [[#Detailed example|detailed example]] <pre> <!-- Official feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> # |4= <!-- Research comments... --> # |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # |7= <!-- Style comments... --> # |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) {{Collapse bottom}} ==Detailed example== Example use of the template, with some common feedback comments: <pre> <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used ... as slang, or as an invented or coined expression" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, talics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient use of learning features <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Add embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. <!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} ~~~~ </pre> gives <!-- Official book chapter feedback --> {{MEBF/2024 |1= <!-- Overall comments... --> # Overall, this is an outstanding chapter. It successfully integrates psychological theory and research in a highly readable way to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is an excellent chapter. It successfully uses psychological theory and research to address a practical, real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a very good chapter. It makes very good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a reasonably good chapter. It makes good use of psychological theory and research to address a real-world phenomenon or problem. # Overall, this is a basic, but sufficient chapter # Overall, this is an insufficient chapter # The main area for potential improvement is the quality of written expression / the use of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # The main area for potential improvement is to write using your own words based on reading and citing of the most relevant peer-reviewed academic literature about the topic # I suspect that some of this chapter is based on unacknowledged use of [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; if so, it violates academic integrity principles # I suspect that the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment#Assessment items|recommended 5 topic development hours and 45 book chapter hours]] were not invested in preparing this chapter <!-- Overall – Citations --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of academic, peer-reviewed citations to support claims # In some/many places, better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Better use could be made of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of primary, peer-reviewed sources as citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Move embedded external links to academic articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section, include links as dois, and provide APA style citation to the article in the main body text # Move embedded external links to non-peer-reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Secondary citations are overused; strive to consult primary sources # For citations, use APA style or wiki style, but not both <!-- Overall – Word count --> # Under the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]], so there is room to expand # Over the [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Wordcount|maximum word count]]. Content beyond 4,000 words has been ignored for marking purposes. # This chapter "[[wikt:beat around the bush|beats around the bush]]" before directly tackling the target topic <!-- Overall – Copyedits --> # For additional feedback, see the following comments and [ these copyedits] |2= <!-- Overview comments... --> # Well developed/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Underdeveloped <!-- Overview – Case study --> # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image # Engaging case study or scenario in a feature box; also include a relevant image # Add an engaging case study or scenario in a feature box with a relevant image <!-- Overview – Explains problem --> # Compellingly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Clearly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon # Explains the psychological problem or phenomenon reasonably well # Briefly explains the psychological problem or phenomenon; provide more detail # Too long/overly complicated – explain the psychological problem or phenomenon in a simpler way. Move detail into subsequent sections. <!-- Overview – Focus questions --> # The focus questions are excellent (clear and relevant)/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/promising/insufficient # The focus questions could be improved by: ## being more specific to the topic (i.e., the sub-title) ## using [[w:Open-ended question|open-ended]] rather than [[w:Closed-ended question|closed-ended]] ## using a numbered list or bullet points as taught in [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## being presented in a feature box to help guide the reader (fixed) # Add focus questions in a feature box |3= <!-- Theory comments... --> <!-- Theory – Breadth --> # An excellent range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A very good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A reasonably good range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A basic range of relevant theories are selected, described, and explained # A promising range of ideas are presented but it is far from clear how this material is derived from a first person reading of the best peer-reviewed psychological theory and research about this topic # Insufficient use of relevant psychological theory about this topic # Reduce general theoretical background (e.g., definitions). Instead, summarise and link to related resources (i.e., other book chapters and/or Wikipedia articles). Increase emphasis on [[wikt:substantive|substantive]] aspects of theory that relate directly to the specific topic (i.e., the sub-title question). <!-- Theory – Builds on --> # Builds exceptionally well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds effectively on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds reasonably well on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds somewhat on other [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles # Builds on one previous [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] article # Build more strongly on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) # This chapter does not build on related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] and/or [[w:|Wikipedia]] articles (e.g., by embedding interwiki links for key terms) <!-- Theory – Depth --> # Insightful/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient depth is provided about relevant theory(ies) <!-- Theory – Tables/Figures/Lists --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of tables, figures, and/or lists to help clearly convey key theoretical information <!-- Theory – Citations --> # Key citations are well used # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # If you didn't consult an original source (e.g., ?), cite it as a [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/secondary-sources secondary source] <!-- Theory – Examples --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Consider using more examples to illustrate theoretical concepts # Insufficient use of examples to illustrate theoretical concepts |4= <!-- Research comments... --> <!-- Research – Key findings --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient review of relevant research # More detail about key studies would be ideal # Any systematic reviews or meta-analyses in this area? # In some/many places, there is insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) # Insufficient use of academic, peer-reviewed citations (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) <!-- Research – Critical thinking --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient [[w:Critical thinking|critical thinking]] about relevant research is evident # [[w:Critical thinking|Critical thinking]] about research could be further evidenced by: ## describing the methodology (e.g., sample, measures) in important studies ## considering the strength of relationships ## acknowledging limitations ## pointing out critiques/counterarguments ## suggesting ''specific'' directions for future research # Claims are well referenced # Some/Many claims lack sufficient citation (e.g., see the {{f}} tags) |5= <!-- Integration comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient integration between theory and research # The chapter places more emphasis on theory than on research; strive for an integrated balance # Where research is discussed, it is integrated with theory # Insufficient integration with [[Motivation and emotion/Book|chapters]] |6= <!-- Conclusion comments... --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic summary and conclusion # Insufficient as a cohesive summary of the best available psychological theory and research about the topic # Reads like generic [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Using generative AI|genAI output]]; write more compellingly in your own words # Remind the reader about the importance of the problem or phenomenon of interest # Key points are well summarised # Summarise key points # The focus questions are addressed # Address the focus questions # Clear take-home message(s) # Add practical, take-home message(s) # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |7= <!-- Written expression – Style comments... --> <!-- Written expression – Written expression --> # Written expression ## Overall, the quality of written expression is outstanding (highly professional) ## Overall, the quality of written expression is excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic ## Overall, the quality of written expression is OK but there are several aspects which are below professional standard ## Overall, the quality of written expression is below professional standard. [https://www.canberra.edu.au/current-students/study-skills UC Study Skills] assistance is recommended to help improve writing skills ## Use active (e.g., "this chapter explores") rather than passive voice (e.g., "this chapter has explored" or "this chapter will explore") [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/grammar/active-passive-voice][https://www.grammarly.com/blog/active-vs-passive-voice/] ## The target audience is international, not domestic. [http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/australia-population/ Only 0.3% of the world human population lives in Australia]. <!-- Written expression – Sentences --> ## Some sentences could be explained more clearly (e.g., see the {{explain}} and {{rewrite}} tags) ## Some sentences are overly long. Strive for the simplest expression. Consider splitting longer sentences into two shorter sentences. Shorter words and sentences are more [[w:Readability|readable]]. Try conducting a readability analysis such as via https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/. This chapter gets a score of . Aim for 50+. ## Avoid starting sentences with a citation unless the author is particularly pertinent. Instead, it is more interesting for the the content/key point to be communicated, with the citation included along the way or, more typically, in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] at the end of the sentence. <!-- Written expression – Paragraphs --> ## Some paragraphs are overly long. Communicate one key idea per paragraph in three to five sentences. ## Avoid one sentence paragraphs. Communicate one idea per paragraph using three to five sentences. ## Bullet points are overused. Develop more of the bullet point statements into full sentences and paragraphs. <!-- Written expression – Language --> ## Use 3rd person perspective (e.g., "it") rather than 1st (e.g., "we") or 2nd person (e.g., "you") perspective[https://www.grammarly.com/blog/first-second-and-third-person/] in the main text, although 1st or 2nd person perspective can work well for case studies or feature boxes ## Avoid directional referencing (e.g., "as previously mentioned") because it's usually unnecessary. If needed, use [[w:Help#Section linking|section linking]]. ## Embed direct quotes within sentences and paragraphs, rather than presenting them [[wikt:holus-bolus|holus-bolus]] ## "People" is often a better term than "individuals" ## Use gender-neutral language (e.g., mankind -> humankind, s/he -> they) ## Reduce use of [[w:weasel word|weasel word]]s which bulk out the text but don't enhance meaning ## Use permanent, rather than relative, time references. For example, instead of "20 years ago", refer to something like "at the beginning of the 21st century". In this way, the text will survive better into the future, without needing to be rewritten. ## Avoid overly emotive language (e.g,. *) in science-based communication <!-- Written expression – Layout --> # Layout ## The chapter is well structured, with major sections using sub-sections ## The structure is overly complicated; aim for 3 to 6 top-level headings between the Introduction and Conclusion ## Consider using subheadings ## The chapter structure is underdeveloped; consider expanding ## Avoid having sections with 1 sub-heading – use 0 or 2+ sub-headings ## Use the default heading style (e.g., remove additional italics, bold, and/or change in font size) ## See earlier comments about [[#Heading casing|heading casing]] ## Provide more descriptive headings ## Move links from headings into their first mention in text ## Remove abbreviations from headings ## Include an introductory paragraph before branching into the sub-sections (see {{expand}} tags) <!-- Written expression – Grammar --> # Grammar, spelling, and proofreading are excellent # Grammar ## The grammar for some/many sentences could be improved (e.g., see {{g}} tags) by using a grammar checking tool, accessing UC services like Studiosity, and/or seeking peer feedback on draft work ## Check and make [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/comma/ correct use of commas] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.grammarly.com/blog/punctuation-capitalization/possessive-apostrophe/ possessive apostrophes] (e.g., cats vs cat's vs cats') ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=grammar+that+vs+who that vs. who] ## Check and correct use of [https://www.google.com.au/search?q=affect+vs.+effect+grammar affect vs. effect] ## Check and correct use of [http://www.colonsemicolon.com/ semicolons (;) and colons (:)] <!-- Written expression – Abbreviations --> ## Abbreviations ### Check and correct formatting of abbreviations (such as e.g., i.e., etc.) ### Only use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., et al., etc. inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]], otherwise spell them out ### Use abbreviations sparingly. Do not use abbreviations for minor/infrequently used terms. ### Spell out abbreviations on their first use, to explain them to the reader ### Once an abbreviation has been established (e.g., PTSD), use it consistently aftwarwards ### Only introduce abbreviations which are subsequently used <!-- Written expression – Spelling --> # Spelling ## Some words are misspelt (e.g., see the {{sp}} tags). Spell-checking tools are available in most internet browsers and word processing software packages. ## Use [https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/australian-vs-american-spelling/11244196 Australian spelling] (e.g., hypothesize vs. hypothesise; behavior vs. behaviour) <!-- Written expression – Proofreading --> # Proofreading ## More proofreading is needed (e.g., fix punctuation and typographical errors) to bring the quality of written expression closer to a professional standard ## Remove unnecessary capitalisation – [https://polishedpaper.com/blog/capitalization-apa-style more info] <!-- Written expression – APA style --> # APA style ## [https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/diseases-disorders-therapies Use sentence casing for the names of disorders, therapies, theories, etc.] ## Use [[w:Serial comma|serial comma]]s[https://www.buzzfeed.com/adamdavis/the-oxford-comma-is-extremely-important-and-everyone-should][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBx8ooDupXY] ## Use double (not single) quotation marks "to introduce a word or phrase used as ... slang, or as an invented or coined expression" [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## "Use quotation marks only for the first occurrence of the word or phrase, not for subsequent occurrences" ([https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style 7th ed.], 2020, p. 159) ## Express numbers < 10 using words (e.g., two) and >= 10 and over using numerals (e.g., 99) ## Direct quotes need page numbers – even better, communicate about concepts in your own words ## Direct quotes are overused – it is better to communicate about concepts in your own words <!-- Written expression – Figures --> ## Figures ### Very well/Well/Reasonably well captioned ### Briefly captioned; provide more detail to help connect the figure to the text ### Add captions ### Use this format for captions: ''Figure X''. Descriptive caption goes here in sentence casing. [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Figures|See example]]. ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Figure is referred to at least once within the main text. Refer to each Figure using APA style (e.g., "(see Figure 1)"; do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation). ### Refer to each Figure at least once within the main text (e.g., "(see Figure 1)") ### Some image uploads were removed because of a lack of sufficient/appropriate copyright information ### Numbering needs correcting ### Increase some image sizes to make them easier to read <!-- Written expression – Tables --> ## Tables ### Table captions use APA style or wiki style ### Use APA style for captions ([[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Tables|see example]]) ### Add an APA style caption to each table ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text using APA style ### Each Table is referred to at least once within the main text ### Refer to each Table using APA style (e.g., do not use bold, italics, check and correct capitalisation) ### Refer to each Table at least once within the main text (e.g., see Table 1) <!-- Written expression – Citations --> ## Citations use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor [https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition APA Style (7th ed.)]: ### If there are three or more authors, cite the first author followed by et al., then year. For example, either: #### in-text, Smith et al. (2020), or #### in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] (Smith et al., 2020) ### Do not include author first name or initials ### Use ampersand (&) inside [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] and "and" outside parentheses ### List multiple citations in alphabetical order by first author surname ### Multiple citations for a single point should be listed alphabetically in the same set of parentheses separated by a semi-colon; see example (Aardvark, 2020; Zebra & Yak, 2024) ### A full stop is needed after "et al" (i.e., "et al.") because it is an abbreviation of [[wikt:et alii|et alii]] ### Use a comma between the author(s) and year for citations in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] ### Select up to a maximum of three citations per point (i.e., avoid citing four or more citations to support a single point) ### Check and correct placement of full-stops ### Move embedded links to peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] as APA style citations with hyperlinked dois ### Move embedded links to non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section; only cite peer-reviewed sources <!-- Written expression – References --> ## References use excellent/very good/good/reasonably good/basic/poor APA style: ### Check and correct use of capitalisation[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization] ### Check and correct use of italicisation ### Separate page numbers using an en-dash (–) rather than a hyphen (-) ### Include hyperlinked dois ### Provide the full titles of journals ### Remove "Retrieved from " ### Move non-peer reviewed sources into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section ### Use hanging indent (fixed) |8= <!-- Learning features – Wikipedia embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding more interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text even more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. # Use [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] (rather than external links) to Wikipedia articles, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Add embedded in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]] to Wikipedia articles. Adding interwiki links for the first mention of key words and technical concepts would make the text more interactive. See [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2020/Nutrition and anxiety|example]]. <!-- Learning features – Wikiversity embedded links --> # Excellent use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]] # Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/One use of embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project. # Use in-text [[m:Help:Interwiki linking|interwiki links]], rather than external links to Wikiversity chapters, per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # Move links to non-peer-reviewed sources to the [[{{PAGENAME}}#External links|External links]] section # Add embedded in-text links to related [[Motivation and emotion/Book|book chapters]]. Embedding in-text links to related book chapters helps to integrate this chapter into the broader book project.<!-- Learning features – Figures, tables, feature boxes, scenarios --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of figure(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of of table(s) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of feature box(es) # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of scenarios, case studies, or examples <!-- Learning features – Quizzes --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/No use of quiz(zes) and/or reflection question(s) # The quiz questions could be improved by being more focused on the key points and/or take-home messages # The quiz questions could be more effective as learning prompts by being embedded as single questions within each corresponding section rather than as a set of questions at the end <!-- Learning features – See also --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of interwiki links in the "See also" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use internal linking style per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Also include links to related book chapters ## Also include links to related Wikipedia articles ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Move external links into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|External links]] section ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count <!-- Learning features – External links --> # Excellent/Very good/Good/Reasonably good/Basic/Insufficient/No use of external links in the "External links" section ## Use bullet points per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Rename links per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] ## Use [https://www.masterclass.com/articles/sentence-case-explained sentence casing] ## Use alphabetical order ## Include sources in [[w:Bracket#Parentheses|parentheses]] after the link ## Move peer-reviewed articles into the [[{{PAGENAME}}#References|References]] section and cite ## Target an international audience ## Add more links # Not counted for marking purposes due to being over the maximum word count |9= <!-- Social contribution comments... --> # ~ logged, useful, mostly minor/moderate/major contributions with direct links to evidence # ~ logged contributions without [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter#Making and summarising contributions|direct links to evidence]], so unable to easily verify and assess. See [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials|tutorials]] for guidance about how to get direct links to evidence. # Thanks very much for your extensive contributions # Use a numbered list per [[Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Wiki editing|Tutorial 02]] # No logged contributions }} -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - <small>[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]</small> 09:47, 10 October 2024 (UTC) ==See also== * [[Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter|Book chapter guidelines]] * [[Template:METF]] * [[Template:MEMF]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Admin/2024]] [[Category:Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter]] </noinclude> 1h0upjk596vfstx5fagm9fnu2cqz969 0 311014 2688865 2688679 2024-11-26T04:07:19Z JackBot 238563 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[Soft properties of Boolean functions]] 2688865 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Soft properties of Boolean functions]] s2ogg6bcja3r3p1r81x50dvr0gszfy5 0 312486 2688812 2688063 2024-11-25T17:05:09Z OhanaUnited 18921 submitted 2688812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Article info | journal = WikiJournal of Science <!-- WikiJournal of Medicine, Science, or Humanities --> | last1 = Schepmann | orcid1 = 0009-0008-6071-5362 | first1 = Jacob | last2 = | first2 = | last3 = | first3 = | last4 = | first4 = <!-- up to 9 authors can be added in this above format --> | et_al = ''[[W:Hypericum sechmenii|Hypericum sechmenii]]'' | w1 = Hypericum sechmenii | affiliation1 = English Wikipedia, [[User:Fritzmann2002|Fritzmann2002]] | correspondence1 = jake.schepmann@gmail.com | affiliations = | keywords = <!-- up to 6 keywords --> | license = CC-BY-SA 4.0 | submitted = 2024-10-16 | abstract = ''Hypericum sechmenii'' (Seçmen's St John's wort) is a rare species of flowering plant in the St John's wort family that is found in Eskişehir Province in central Turkey. It was first described and assigned to the genus Hypericum in 2009, and was later placed into the section ''Adenosepalum''. ''H. sechmenii'' is a perennial herb that grows 3 to 6 centimeters (1 to 2 inches) tall and blooms in June and July. The stems of the plant are smooth and hairless, while the leaves are leathery and lack leafstalks. Its flowers are arranged in corymbs, and each has five bright yellow petals. Similar species are ''H. huber-morathii'', ''H. minutum'', and ''H. thymopsis''. Found among limestone rocks, ''H. sechmenii'' has an estimated distribution of less than 10 square kilometers (4 square miles), with fewer than 250 surviving plants. Despite containing druse crystals and toxic chemicals that may deter herbivory, the species is threatened by overgrazing, as well as climate change and habitat loss. }} '''''Hypericum sechmenii''''', or '''Seçmen's St John's wort''', is a rare [[w:Species|species]] of [[w:Flowering_plant|flowering plant]] of the St John's wort [[w:Family_(biology)|family]] ([[w:Hypericaceae|Hypericaceae]]) that is found in the [[w:Eskişehir_Province|Eskişehir Province]] of central [[wikipedia:Turkey|Turkey]]. It was first [[wikipedia:Species_description|described]] in 2009 by Turkish [[wikipedia:Botanist|botanists]] Atila Ocak and Onur Koyuncu, who named the species in honor of [[wikipedia:Özcan_Seçmen|Özcan Seçmen]], a fellow botanist. They assigned the species to the genus ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum|Hypericum]]'', and [[wikipedia:Norman_Robson_(botanist)|Norman Robson]] later placed {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}} into the [[wikipedia:Section_(botany)|section]] ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_sect._Adenosepalum|Adenosepalum]]''. ''Hypericum sechmenii'' is a [[wikipedia:Perennial_plant|perennial herb]] that usually grows in clusters of stems {{Convert|3–6|cm|in|0|abbr=off|sp=us}} tall and blooms in June and July. The stems of the plant are smooth and lack hairs, while the leaves are leathery and do not have [[wikipedia:Petiole_(botany)|leafstalks]]. Its flowers are arranged in clusters that form a flat-topped shape known as a [[wikipedia:Corymb|corymb]], and each flower possesses five bright yellow petals. Several species are similar in appearance to {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}}, with only minor physical differences that set them apart. The most closely related of these are ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_huber-morathii|Hypericum huber-morathii]]'', ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_minutum|Hypericum minutum]]'', and ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_thymopsis|Hypericum thymopsis]]''. Found among [[wikipedia:Limestone|limestone]] rocks, ''Hypericum sechmenii'' has an estimated [[wikipedia:Species_distribution|distribution]] of less than {{Convert|10|km2|mi2|0|abbr=off|sp=us}}, with fewer than 250 surviving plants. Despite containing [[wikipedia:Druse_(botany)|druse crystals]] and toxic chemicals that are thought to [[wikipedia:Plant_defense_against_herbivory|deter herbivory]], the species is threatened by [[wikipedia:Overgrazing|overgrazing]] from livestock, as well as by other factors like [[wikipedia:Climate_change|climate change]] and [[wikipedia:Habitat_destruction|habitat loss]]. == Description == [[File:Hypericum sechmenii 3.jpg|thumb|''Flowering Hypericum sechmenii'']] ''Hypericum sechmenii'' is a flowering [[wikipedia:Perennial_plant|perennial herb]] that grows in [[wikipedia:Caespitose|dense clusters]] of upright stems typically {{cvt|3–6|cm|in|sigfig=1}} tall,{{r|MySpecies}} sometimes up to {{cvt|8|cm|in|sigfig=1}} tall.{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} It has five-petalled yellow flowers{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|p=3}} that usually flower in June and July.{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} === Vegetative structures === The outside of the plant's roots is made of a thick [[wikipedia:Plant_cuticle|cuticle]], a protective waterproof covering made of fats and wax. Directly beneath the cuticle are one to two bark-like layers of [[wikipedia:Bark_(botany)|periderm]] that are composed of several layers of dead cells. Beneath the periderm are several layers of thin-walled cells called a [[wikipedia:Cortex_(botany)|cortex]]. The [[wikipedia:Pith|tissue]] of the roots is completely covered in a layer of the water transport tissue found in plants called [[wikipedia:Xylem|xylem]].{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|pp=7–8}} The numerous smooth and [[wikipedia:Glabrousness_(botany)|hairless]] [[wikipedia:Plant_stem|stems]]{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} of ''Hypericum sechmenii'' have multiple layers of different kinds of cells. On the outside is a thin cuticle that covers a single layer of [[wikipedia:Epidermis_(botany)|epidermis]]. Beneath this epidermis, there are several layers of oblong peridermal cells. These contain a waxy substance called [[wikipedia:Suberin|suberin]] that is [[wikipedia:Hydrophobe|hydrophobic]]. Some cells in the periderm of the stems also contain [[wikipedia:Mineral|inorganic minerals]] known as [[wikipedia:Druse_(botany)|druse crystals]],{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|p=7}} which a 2020 paper theorized might deter [[wikipedia:Herbivore|herbivory]] because of their toxicity.{{sfn|Cuéllar-Cruz et al.|2020|p=596}} Beneath the periderm is the main growth tissue, the [[wikipedia:Vascular_cambium|vascular cambium]], which produces xylem and the transport tissue found in plants called [[wikipedia:Phloem|phloem]].{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|p=7}} The [[wikipedia:Leaf|leaves]] of ''Hypericum sechmenii'' lack [[wikipedia:Petiole_(botany)|leafstalks]], instead attaching directly to the stems. They are roughly {{cvt|0.2–0.5|cm|in|sigfig=1}} long,{{r|MySpecies}}{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} and densely overlap each other. The texture of the leaves is described as [[wikipedia:Coriaceous|subcoriaceous]], or somewhat leathery. The shape of the leaves is either egg-like ([[wikipedia:Ovate_(leaf)|ovate]]) with a broader base, or [[wikipedia:Elliptic_(leaf_shape)|elliptic]] with rounded tips and pointed bases ([[wikipedia:Cuneate_leaf|cuneate]]). There are numerous pale [[wikipedia:Gland_(botany)|glands]] on the surfaces of the leaves, and a few black glands can be found on their [[wikipedia:Margin_(botany)|edges]].{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} The black glands are large enough to be seen by the naked eye, but to see the pale glands the leaf may need to be held up to a light. In the type species of the genus, ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_perforatum|H. perforatum]]'', the pale glands contain and excrete [[wikipedia:Essential_oil|essential oils]], while the black glands contain red-staining [[wikipedia:Phenols|phenolic compounds]] ([[wikipedia:Anthraquinones|anthraquinone]] derivatives) that deter some herbivorous insects.{{sfn|Crockett|Robson|2011|p=4}} On the top and bottom sides of the leaves there are pores ([[wikipedia:Stoma|stomata]]) that regulate [[wikipedia:Gas_exchange|gas exchange]], and there is tightly packed [[wikipedia:Photosynthesis|photosynthetic]] tissue just below the epidermis. Some of the cells in this tissue also contain druse crystals.{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|pp=4–6}} === Flowering structures === [[File:Hypericum_sechmenii_2.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hypericum_sechmenii_2.jpg|left|thumb|''Hypericum sechmenii'' plant beginning to bloom]] ''Hypericum sechmenii'' usually flowers from June to July, and it fruits in July.{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} The flower clusters known as [[wikipedia:Inflorescence|inflorescences]] grow on the ends of the stems and typically have three to five flowers each. The flowers are arranged such that there are longer flower stems ([[wikipedia:Pedicel_(botany)|pedicels]]) on the outer flowers than on the inner ones. This gives the cluster a flat top and forms a structure called a [[wikipedia:Corymb|corymb]]. The specialized [[wikipedia:Bract|bract]] leaves, which surround the flowers, are long and have glands and small hairs called [[wikipedia:Cilia_(botany)|cilia]]. The leafy structures that provide support for the petals, called the [[wikipedia:Sepal|sepals]], are roughly {{cvt|0.2|cm|in|sigfig=1}} long, are an oblong shape, and can either be pointed or rounded. Their edges also have glands and small hairs, similar to the bracts. However, they may also have [[wikipedia:Amber_(color)|amber-colored]] dots and lines, which the bracts lack.{{r|MySpecies}}{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} The petals are yellow, like the type species of ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum|Hypericum]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hypericum.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/637|title=''Hypericum perforatum'' Nomenclature|last=Pattinson|first=David|last2=Robson|first2=Norman|website=Hypericum Online (hypericum.myspecies.info)|access-date=13 November 2023|last3=Nürk|first3=Nicolai|last4=Crockett|first4=Sarah}}</ref> and grow in a pentagonal arrangement on each flower.{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|p=3}} They are {{cvt|0.4–0.7|cm|in|sigfig=1}} long and have amber-colored glands that are shaped like dots or short lines. On the edges of the petals there are a few black glands in addition to the amber-colored ones.{{r|MySpecies}}{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} The [[wikipedia:Pollen|pollen]] grains of ''Hypericum sechmenii'' have three grooves in a triangular layout, and the overall shape of the grain is a slightly elongated sphere. An individual grain is {{nowrap|17.2 [[w:Micrometre|micrometer]]s (μm)}} long and {{nowrap|11.5 μm wide}}. Each surface groove is {{nowrap|12.2 μm long}} and {{nowrap|2.4 μm wide}}, and the space where the grooves meet is {{nowrap|1.7 μm}} in diameter. There are pores on the surface of the pollen that are {{nowrap|2.5 μm long}} and {{nowrap|2.2 μm wide}}. Surrounding the grain is a tough outer wall that is {{nowrap|1.5 μm}} thick and has an outer layer with a net-like pattern.{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=593}} The [[wikipedia:Capsule_(fruit)|seed capsules]] are {{cvt|0.3–0.4|cm|in}} and oblong, and their [[wikipedia:Ovary_(botany)|ovaries]] have a few oil cavities that run lengthwise along the capsule. The seeds themselves have tiny, regularly spaced pits that form patterns similar in appearance to small lines or ladders.{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} === Similar species === ''Hypericum sechmenii'' is similar in appearance to other Turkish species of ''Hypericum''. In its original description, its similarity to ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_huber-morathii|Hypericum huber-morathii]]'' and ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_minutum|Hypericum minutum]]'' was noted, and it has also been compared to ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_thymopsis|Hypericum thymopsis]]''.{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}}{{sfn|Tekin|2017|p=151}} When compared to ''Hypericum minutum'' and {{Nowrap|''H. huber-morathii''}}, {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}} has differences in its leaves, flowers, and pollen grains. Its leaves are adjacent to one another on the stem and overlap, while the leaves of {{Nowrap|''H. minutum''}} and {{Nowrap|''H. huber-morathii''}} are placed on opposite sides of the stem and do not. {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}} has more flowers on an inflorescence (3–5) than {{Nowrap|''H. minutum''}} (1–3), but usually has fewer than {{Nowrap|''H. huber-morathii''}} (3–12). The glands on its petals are also different; {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}} has amber-colored dots and lines, whereas {{Nowrap|''H. minutum''}} has amber-colored dots with no lines and {{Nowrap|''H. huber-morathii''}} only has black dots or no visible glands at all. Pollen grains are another way to tell the three species apart. {{Nowrap|''H. minutum''}} has tiny protrusions on the surface of its pollen called microspinae, which {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}} lacks, and {{Nowrap|''H. minutum''}} also has far fewer distinct grooves on its surface. {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}} pollen grains are larger than those of {{Nowrap|''H. minutum''}} and smaller than those of {{Nowrap|''H. huber-morathii''}}. {{Nowrap|''H. huber-morathii''}} has a slightly larger region on the end of the grain where the grooves meet.{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592-593}} Anatomically, ''Hypericum sechmenii'' is also similar to {{Nowrap|''H. thymopsis''}} despite not being as closely related. Both species have similar stomata that make them able to thrive in dry climates, and both have stomata on the upper and lower sides of their leaves. However, the structure of the species' stem tissue sets them apart. {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}} has a thinner layer of [[wikipedia:Palisade_cell|palisade tissue]] and its inner stem region is made up solely of xylem, whereas {{Nowrap|''H. thymopsis''}} has softer, spongy [[wikipedia:Pith|pith]] tissue as well.{{sfn|Tekin|2017|p=151}} == Taxonomy == ''Hypericum sechmenii'' was first observed and collected by the Turkish botanist Atila Ocak in 2006. The [[wikipedia:Holotype|holotype]] of the species was collected in that same year by Ocak in the district of [[wikipedia:Günyüzü|Günyüzü]] and is now housed at [[wikipedia:Eskişehir_Osmangazi_University|Eskişehir Osmangazi University]].{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}}{{r|MySpecies Collect}} Three years later, in December 2009, the species was [[wikipedia:Species_description|formally described]] by Ocak and Onur Koyuncu in the [[wikipedia:Peer-reviewed_journal|journal]] ''[[wikipedia:Annales_Botanici_Fennici|Annales Botanici Fennici]]''. The authors gave the species the [[wikipedia:Specific_epithet_(botany)|specific epithet]] ''sechmenii'' as an homage to the prominent Turkish [[wikipedia:Taxonomy_(biology)|taxonomist]] and [[wikipedia:Ecology|ecologist]] [[wikipedia:Özcan_Seçmen|Özcan Seçmen]]. In [[wikipedia:Turkish_language|Turkish]], the plant is called {{lang|tr|seçmen kantaronu}}, translated as Seçmen's St John's wort.{{r|Bizimbit}}{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} The species was incorporated into the ''Flora of Turkey'' [[wikipedia:Endemism|endemic]] species registry in 2011 alongside another recently described ''Hypericum'' species, ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_musadoganii|Hypericum musadoganii]]''.{{sfn|Kaynak|2012|p=5}} In 1977, the British taxonomist [[wikipedia:Norman_Robson_(botanist)|Norman Robson]] began a [[wikipedia:Monograph|monograph]] of the entire genus ''Hypericum''. He divided the genus into 36 [[wikipedia:Section_(botany)|sections]], with almost every species in the genus placed into one of these sections based on their [[wikipedia:Morphology_(biology)|morphology]] and early applications of [[wikipedia:Molecular_phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetics]].{{sfn|Carine|Christenhusz|2013|p=3}} However, ''Hypericum sechmenii'' was not included in this original monograph, as it had not yet been identified as a unique species. Robson later corroborated the findings of Ocak and Koyuncu that {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}} was its species, taking note of its similarities to other Anatolian species of ''Hypericum'', specifically ''Hypericum minutum'' and ''Hypericum huber-morathii''. Because of this, Robson placed the species in a [[wikipedia:Clade|clade]] called the ''Huber-Morathii'' ''Group''. The group comprises five Turkish species of ''Hypericum'' and lies within the large section ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_sect._Adenosepalum|Adenosepalum]]''. The placement of {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}} was summarized by Robson as follows:{{r|MySpecies}} : '''''[[wikipedia:Hypericum|Hypericum]]''''' :: '''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_subg._Hypericum|''Hypericum'' subg. ''Hypericum'']]''' ::: '''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_sect._Adenosepalum|''Hypericum'' sect. ''Adenosepalum'']]''' :::: '''''Huber-morathii'' g''roup''''' ::::: ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_decaisneanum|H. decaisneanum]] –'' ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_formosissimum|H. formosissimum]] –'' ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_huber-morathii|H. huber-morathii]] –'' ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_minutum|H. minutum]] –'' '''''H. sechmenii''''' == Distribution and habitat == [[File:Surp_Yerrortutyun_Kilisesi_3.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Surp_Yerrortutyun_Kilisesi_3.jpg|thumb|Rocky hills near [[wikipedia:Kaymaz|Kaymaz]] like these are the habitat of ''Hypericum sechmenii''.]] ''Hypericum sechmenii'' is one of around 45 species of ''Hypericum'' that are [[wikipedia:Endemism|endemic]] to Turkey.{{sfn|Tarihi|Tarihi|Tarihi|2019|pp=253–268}} Specifically, the species has been found in central Turkey within [[wikipedia:Eskişehir_Province|Eskişehir Province]],{{r|Bizimbit|POWO}} at two separate localities: one near the peak of [[wikipedia:Arayit_Mountain|Arayit Mountain]], and the other between the towns of [[wikipedia:Kaymaz|Kaymaz]] and [[wikipedia:Sivrihisar|Sivrihisar]].{{r|MySpecies}}{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} The area of distribution on Arayit Mountain is estimated to be {{Convert|2|km2|mi2|1|abbr=on}}. The area of the Kaymaz to Sivrihisar locality is estimated to be smaller.{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|pp=8–9}} [[File:Hypericum_sechmenii_4.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hypericum_sechmenii_4.jpg|thumb|''Hypericum sechmenii'' is found among limestone rocks.]] The species' habitat is usually in and among the crevices of [[wikipedia:Limestone|limestone]] rocks and [[wikipedia:Outcrop|outcroppings]]. The general elevation of the species is {{Convert|1,750–1,820|m|ft|abbr=on}}.{{r|MySpecies}}{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=592}} Several other specimens of ''Hypericum sechmenii'' have been collected since the species' discovery and are preserved at various Turkish herbariums.{{r|IPNI}} {| class="wikitable" |+Table of collected specimens of ''Hypericum sechmenii'' ! scope="col" |Type ! scope="col" |District ! scope="col" |Locality ! scope="col" |Habitat ! scope="col" |Coordinates ! scope="col" |Collection Date ! scope="col" |Herbarium ! scope="col" |Reference |- |Holotype |[[wikipedia:Günyüzü|Günyüzü]] |[[wikipedia:Arayit_Mountain|Arayit Mountain]] |Rock crevices |39°18'14"N, 31°44'51"E |10 June 2006 |[[wikipedia:Eskişehir_Osmangazi_University|Eskişehir Osmangazi University]] |{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|pp=591–592}} |- |Isotype<ref name=":0" group="note">An isotype is a duplicate collection of the holotype.</ref> |Günyüzü |Arayit Mountain |Rock crevices |39°18'14"N, 31°44'51"E |10 June 2006 |[[wikipedia:Gazi_University|Gazi University]] |{{r|IPNI}} |- |Isotype |Günyüzü |Arayit Mountain |Rock crevices |39°18'14"N, 31°44'51"E |10 June 2006 |[[wikipedia:Hacettepe_University|Hacettepe University]] |{{r|IPNI}} |- | |[[wikipedia:Sivrihisar|Sivrihisar]] |Arayit Mountain |Hilly steppe |39°17'47"N, 31°45'07"E |7 July 2011 | |{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|p=3}} |- | |Sivrihisar |Sivrihisar–[[wikipedia:Kaymaz|Kaymaz]] |Rocks near Kaymaz |31°13'56"N, 39°32'19"E |13 July 2011 | |{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|p=3}} |- | colspan="8" | <references group="note" responsive="1"></references> |} == Ecology == The leaves of ''Hypericum sechmenii'' contain [[wikipedia:Xerophyte|xeromorphic]] stomata, pores that have adaptations to allow the plant to better survive in its [[wikipedia:Semi-arid_climate|arid, steppe]] habitat of [[wikipedia:Central_Anatolia_Region|Central Anatolia]],{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|p=5}}{{sfn|Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü|pp=1–2}} defined as the [[wikipedia:Irano-Turanian_Region|Irano-Turanian]] [[wikipedia:Phytochorion|floristic region]].{{sfn|Talebi|Sajedi|Pourhashemi|2013|pp=69-70}} {{Nowrap|''H. sechmenii''}} has two adaptations of the genus ''Hypericum'' that deter grazing. The first is the presence of numerous black glands on the leaf margins; in other species of ''Hypericum'', similar glands have been shown to contain compounds that are [[wikipedia:Toxicity|toxic]] to creatures consuming the plant.{{sfn|Crockett|Robson|2011|p=4}} The second is the presence of druse crystals in cells of the stem and leaf tissue.{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|p=7}} These contain minerals that are thought to deter some insects from grazing.{{sfn|Cuéllar-Cruz et al.|2020|p=596}} ''Hypericum sechmenii'' grows alongside small shrubs and perennial herbs like stonecress (''[[wikipedia:Aethionema_subulatum|Aethionema subulatum]]''), woodruff (''[[wikipedia:Asperula_nitida|Asperula nitida]]'')'','' harebell (''[[wikipedia:Asyneuma_compactum|Asyneuma compactum]]''), small toadflax (''[[wikipedia:Chaenorhinum_minus|Chaenorhinium minus]]'')'','' Kotschy's damask flower (''[[wikipedia:Hesperis_kotschyi|Hesperis kotschyi]]''), flax (''[[wikipedia:Linum_cariense|Linum cariense]]''), restharrow (''[[wikipedia:Ononis_adenotricha|Ononis adenotricha]]''), dandelions (''[[wikipedia:Scorzonera_tomentosa|Scorzonera tomentosa]]''), Turkish catchfly (''[[wikipedia:Silene_falcata|Silene falcata]]''), and wood betony (''[[wikipedia:Stachys_lavandulifolia|Stachys lavandulifolia]]''). It is found among only one other ''Hypericum'' species, that being ''[[wikipedia:Hypericum_confertum|Hypericum confertum]]''.{{sfn|Ocak et al.|2009|p=594}} [[wikipedia:Plant_propagation|Propagation]] of ''Hypericum sechmenii'' is undertaken by planting seeds in the spring, barely covering them in soil. They are then allowed to germinate for 1–3 months at a temperature of {{Convert|10-16|C}}. The plants grow best in sunny, dry rock crevices with protection from winter dampness. The division is done in the spring, while [[wikipedia:Cutting_(plant)|cuttings]] are taken in the late summer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://flora.kadel.cz/cl/kvCard25698.html|title=''Hypericum sechmenii''|last=Slabý|first=Pavel|date=2021|website=Rock Garden Plants|access-date=6 May 2024}}</ref> == Conservation == The species is rare, with an estimated 250 surviving plants of the species in an area assumed to be smaller than {{Convert|10|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}}. The species is under threat from both [[wikipedia:Abiotic_component|abiotic]] factors, especially climate change, as well as [[wikipedia:Anthropogenic_hazard|human impact]] from agriculture and the grazing of domesticated animals. Because of these threats and the unsustainably small population size of ''Hypericum sechmenii'', biologists from the Eskişehir Osmangazi University recommended that the species be classified as [[wikipedia:Critically_Endangered|Critically Endangered]] by the [[wikipedia:International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature|International Union for Conservation of Nature]], although no conservational measures had been taken {{As of|2013||lc=y}}.{{sfn|Yaylaci|Özgisi|Sezer|Orhanoğlu|2013|pp=8–9}} ==References== <references responsive="1"><ref name = "IPNI">{{Cite web | last1 = International Plant Names Index (IPNI) | author-link1 = w:International Plant Names Index | year = 2020 | publisher = The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; and, Australian National Botanic Gardens | title = ''Hypericum sechmenii'' Ocak & O.Koyuncu, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 46(6): 591 (−594; figs. ) (2009). | url = https://www.ipni.org/n/77103830-1 | access-date = 5 February 2021 | archive-date = 13 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220713124308/https://www.ipni.org/n/77103830-1 | url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="MySpecies">{{Cite web |last1 = Pattinson |first1 = David |last2 = Robson |first2 = Norman |last3 = Nürk |first3 = Nicolai |last4 = Crockett |first4 = Sarah |title = ''Hypericum sechmenii'' Nomenclature |url = http://hypericum.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/991/ |website = Hypericum Online (hypericum.myspecies.info) |access-date = 5 February 2021 |archive-date = 13 February 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210213223416/http://hypericum.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/991 |url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="MySpecies Collect"> {{Cite web | last1 = Pattinson | first1 = David | last2 = Robson | first2 = Norman | last3 = Nürk | first3 = Nicolai | last4 = Crockett | first4 = Sarah | title = Eskişehir Osmangazi Univ. – [node:field_collector] – 5345 | url = http://hypericum.myspecies.info/node/28520 | website = Hypericum Online (hypericum.myspecies.info) | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210213223510/http://hypericum.myspecies.info/node/28520 | archive-date = 13 February 2021 | url-status = live | access-date = 13 February 2021 }} </ref> <ref name="Bizimbit"> {{Cite web | last1 = Güner | first1 = A. | last2 = Aslan | first2 = S. | last3 = Ekim | first3 = T. | last4 = Vural | first4 = M. | last5 = Babaç | first5 = M.T. | language = tr | year = 2013 | title = Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler) | trans-title = Turkish Plants List (Vascular Plants) | url = https://www.bizimbitkiler.org.tr/v2/sonuc.php?i=Vm0xMGFrMVhVWGxUYmtwUFZsWndVVlpzWkZOVlZscHhVMnBTYVUxV2JETlpWVlpQWVRBeFdHVkljRmhoTVZsM1dWZDRTbVZHVG5KaVIwWlRWakpvUlZkV1dtRlRiVlpIV2toR1YxWkVRVGs9 | website = Bizimbit Kiler (www.bizimbitkiler.org.tr) | publisher = [[w:Arboretum Island|Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden and Flora Research Association]] | location = İstanbul | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210213224301/https://www.bizimbitkiler.org.tr/v2/sonuc.php?i=Vm0xMGFrMVhVWGxUYmtwUFZsWndVVlpzWkZOVlZscHhVMnBTYVUxV2JETlpWVlpQWVRBeFdHVkljRmhoTVZsM1dWZDRTbVZHVG5KaVIwWlRWakpvUlZkV1dtRlRiVlpIV2toR1YxWkVRVGs9 | archive-date = 13 February 2021 | access-date = 13 February 2021 }} </ref> <ref name = "POWO">{{Cite web | last1 = Plants of the World Online (POWO)| year = 2019 | title = ''Hypericum sechmenii'' {{small|Ocak & Koyuncu}} | url = http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77103830-1/ | publisher = [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] | access-date = 5 February 2021 | archive-date = 8 February 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210208203718/http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77103830-1 | url-status = live }}</ref> </references> == Bibliography == {{refbegin}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Carine|first1=Mark A.|last2=Christenhusz|first2=Maarten J.M.|date=14 May 2013|title=About this volume: the monograph of ''Hypericum'' by Norman Robson|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.4.1.1|journal=[[w:Phytotaxa|Phytotaxa]]|volume=4|issue=1|pages=1–4|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.4.1.1|issn=1179-3163|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024001147/https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.4.1.1|archive-date=24 October 2023|access-date=5 February 2021|hdl-access=free|hdl=10138/28047|url-status=live}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Crockett|first1=Sara|last2=Robson|first2=Norman|author-link2=Norman Robson (botanist)|date=January 2011|title=Taxonomy and chemotaxonomy of the genus ''Hypericum''|journal=Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology|location=Takamatsu, Japan|publisher=Global Science Books|volume=5|issue=Special Issue 1|pages=1–13|issn=1752-3389|pmc=3364714|pmid=22662019}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Cuéllar-Cruz|first1=Mayra|last2=Pérez|first2=Karina|last3=Mendoza|first3=María|last4=Morena|first4=Abel|date=2020|title=Biocrystals in plants: a short review on biomineralization processes and the role of phototropin in the uptake of calcium|journal=Crystals|volume=10|issue=7|page=591|doi=10.3390/cryst10070591|ref={{harvid|Cuéllar-Cruz et al.|2020}}|doi-access=free}} * {{Cite book|url=http://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/bitstream/11452/10311/1/320920.pdf|title=Bursa Ve Çevresinde Yaylişi Olan ''Hypericum'' {{small|L.}} Taksonlari Üzerinde Taksonomik Ve Korolojik Araştirmalar|last=Kaynak|first=Gönül|publisher=[[w:Bursa Uludağ University|Uludağ University Institute of Science]]|year=2012|language=tr|trans-title=Taxonomic and Chorological Studies on ''Hypericum'' {{small|L.}} Taxa Distributed in Bursa and its Surroundings.|access-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014102520/http://acikerisim.uludag.edu.tr/bitstream/11452/10311/1/320920.pdf|archive-date=14 October 2023|url-status=live}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.mgm.gov.tr/files/en-US/climateofturkey.pdf|title=Climate of Turkey|publisher=Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (General Directorate of Meteorology)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213061002/http://www.mgm.gov.tr/files/en-us/climateofturkey.pdf|archive-date=13 February 2015|access-date=10 February 2021|ref={{harvid|Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü}}|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Ocak|first1=Atila|last2=Savaroglu|first2=Filiz|last3=Potoğlu Erkara|first3=İsmuhan|last4=Koyuncu|first4=Onur|year=2009|title=''Hypericum sechmenii'' (Hypericaceae), a new species from Central Anatolia, Turkey|url=http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anbf46/anbf46-591.pdf|journal=[[w:Annales Botanici Fennici]]|volume=46|issue=6|pages=591–594|doi=10.5735/085.046.0616|issn=0003-3847|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143900/http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anbf46/anbf46-591.pdf|archive-date=4 February 2021|access-date=21 January 2021|ref={{harvid|Ocak et al.|2009}}|via=www.sekj.org|s2cid=86751774|url-status=live}} * {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acDEBAAAQBAJ|title=Forests of Iran: A Treasure from the Past, a Hope for the Future|last1=Talebi|first1=Khosro Sagheb|last2=Sajedi|first2=Toktam|last3=Pourhashemi|first3=Mehdi|date=22 October 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9789400773714|pages=66}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Tarihi|first1=Geliş|last2=Tarihi|first2=Kabul|last3=Tarihi|first3=Yayın|date=2019|title=The Studies on the endemic ''Hypericum'' Species from Turkey|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/910115|journal=Batman University Journal of Life Sciences|volume=9|issue=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014181136/https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/910115|archive-date=14 October 2022|access-date=17 October 2023|url-status=live}} * {{Cite journal|last=Tekin|first=Mehmet|date=April 2017|title=Pharmacobotanical study of ''Hypericum thymopsis''|journal=Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia|volume=27|issue=2|pages=143–152|doi=10.1016/j.bjp.2016.09.004|doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Yaylaci|first1=Ömer|last2=Özgisi|first2=Kurtulus|last3=Sezer|first3=Okan|last4=Orhanoğlu|first4=Gökhan|last5=Öztürk|first5=Derviş|last6=Koyuncu|first6=Onur|date=2013|title=Anatomical studies and conservation status of rare endemic ''Hypericum sechmenii'' {{small|Ocak&Koyuncu}} (Sect: ''Adenosepalum'') from Eskişehir – Turkey|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282253356|journal=[[w:Selçuk University|Journal of Selçuk University Natural and Applied Science]]|volume=2|issue=1|pages=1–11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924224936/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282253356|archive-date=24 September 2018|access-date=20 November 2018|via=[[ResearchGate]]|url-status=live}} {{refend}} lfzjdqvncjebmbqnyvn91ldx6nfjyse 2 312885 2688822 2688701 2024-11-25T20:41:17Z CalRis25 911425 + reference for Whetstone's Private Life of the Romans 2688822 wikitext text/x-wiki == Digital editions == === Specific texts === * Pausanias ** {{Cite book| url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1 |title=Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes | last=Pausanias |translator1-last=Jones |translater1-first=W.H.S.| year=1918 |language=English}} (Perseus Digital Library) ** {{Cite book| url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Description_of_Greece_(Jones) |title=Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes | last=Pausanias |translator1-last=Jones |translater1-first=W.H.S.| year=1918 |language=English}} (en.Wikisource mit Links zu ''Wikidata'') ** {{Cite book| url=https://topostext.org/work/213 |title=Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes | last=Pausanias |translator1-last=Jones |translater1-first=W.H.S.| year=1918 |language=English}} (''ToposText'' mit Links zu vielen weiterführenden Quellen). ** {{Cite book| url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-grc1 |title=Pausaniae Graeciae Descriptio, 3 vols. |last=[[w:Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] |year=1903 |language=ancient Greek}} (Perseus Digital Library) === Systematic works === * {{Cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/privatelifeofrom00john/page/n1/mode/2up |title=The Private Life of the Romans |last=Harold Whetstone Johnston |year=1903 |language=English}} === Encyclopedic works === * {{Cite book|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33197 |title=Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes |last=Doederlein |first=Ludwig von |translator-last=Arnold |translator-first=Henry Hamilton |year=1875}} (Gutenberg.org) * {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104 |title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology |last=Smith |first=William |year=1848}} (Perseus Digital Library) * Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: ** Perseus Digital Library: {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064 |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography |last=Smith |first=William |year=1854}} ** Archive.org: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_aAkFAAAAYAAJ |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: Vol. I: Abacaenum&mdash;Hytanis |last=Smith |first=William |year=1854}} (Archive.org) ** Archive.org: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofgree02smit |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: Vol. II: Iabadius&mdash;Zymethus |last=Smith |first=William |year=1857}} (Archive.org) * {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0063 |title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities |last=Smith |first=William |year=1890}} (Perseus Digital Library) * August Baumeister, ''Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums, zur Erläuterung des Lebens der Griechen und Römer in Religion, Kunst und Sitte'': ** {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/denkmlerdeskl01baum/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums. 1. Band. Abraxas--Ixion |last=Baumeister |first=August |year=1887}} (Archive.org) ** {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/denkmlerdeskla02baum/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums. 2. Band. Kadmos--Perikles |last=Baumeister |first=August |year=1887}} (Archive.org) ** {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/denkmlerdeskla03baum/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums. 3. Band. Rechenbrett--Zwölfgötter |last=Baumeister |first=August |year=1887}} (Archive.org) jxm2uxc51ey6hmvlvbhdu70acvedbk3 2688824 2688822 2024-11-25T20:51:10Z CalRis25 911425 + 1 ref 2688824 wikitext text/x-wiki == Digital editions == === Specific texts === * Pausanias ** {{Cite book| url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1 |title=Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes | last=Pausanias |translator1-last=Jones |translater1-first=W.H.S.| year=1918 |language=English}} (Perseus Digital Library) ** {{Cite book| url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Description_of_Greece_(Jones) |title=Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes | last=Pausanias |translator1-last=Jones |translater1-first=W.H.S.| year=1918 |language=English}} (en.Wikisource mit Links zu ''Wikidata'') ** {{Cite book| url=https://topostext.org/work/213 |title=Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes | last=Pausanias |translator1-last=Jones |translater1-first=W.H.S.| year=1918 |language=English}} (''ToposText'' mit Links zu vielen weiterführenden Quellen). ** {{Cite book| url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-grc1 |title=Pausaniae Graeciae Descriptio, 3 vols. |last=[[w:Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] |year=1903 |language=ancient Greek}} (Perseus Digital Library) === Systematic works === * {{Cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/privatelifeofrom00john/page/n1/mode/2up |title=The Private Life of the Romans |last=Harold Whetstone Johnston |year=1903 |language=English}} * {{Cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/lebendergriechen00guhl/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Leben der Griechen und Römer |last1=Guhl |last2=Koner |year=1893 |language=German}} === Encyclopedic works === * {{Cite book|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33197 |title=Döderlein's Hand-book of Latin Synonymes |last=Doederlein |first=Ludwig von |translator-last=Arnold |translator-first=Henry Hamilton |year=1875}} (Gutenberg.org) * {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104 |title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology |last=Smith |first=William |year=1848}} (Perseus Digital Library) * Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: ** Perseus Digital Library: {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064 |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography |last=Smith |first=William |year=1854}} ** Archive.org: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_aAkFAAAAYAAJ |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: Vol. I: Abacaenum&mdash;Hytanis |last=Smith |first=William |year=1854}} (Archive.org) ** Archive.org: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofgree02smit |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: Vol. II: Iabadius&mdash;Zymethus |last=Smith |first=William |year=1857}} (Archive.org) * {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0063 |title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities |last=Smith |first=William |year=1890}} (Perseus Digital Library) * August Baumeister, ''Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums, zur Erläuterung des Lebens der Griechen und Römer in Religion, Kunst und Sitte'': ** {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/denkmlerdeskl01baum/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums. 1. Band. Abraxas--Ixion |last=Baumeister |first=August |year=1887}} (Archive.org) ** {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/denkmlerdeskla02baum/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums. 2. Band. Kadmos--Perikles |last=Baumeister |first=August |year=1887}} (Archive.org) ** {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/denkmlerdeskla03baum/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums. 3. Band. Rechenbrett--Zwölfgötter |last=Baumeister |first=August |year=1887}} (Archive.org) h7xdi0fxk96ri4bxvlog4yc1bcxgg7f 0 312920 2688817 2688698 2024-11-25T18:30:05Z CalRis25 911425 /* Recommended Editions */ add online references 2688817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Navbox}} '''Recommended Editions''' are editions of texts referenced in the articles of the ''Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary''. These texts fall under two categories: * ''Primary sources,'' i.e. the original Latin and Greek texts. * ''Secondary sources,'' i.e. texts used to understand the primary sources. The sections about [[#Requirements|requirements]] and [[#Selection criteria for primary resources|selection criteria]] provide information about how these editions are to be selected. == Recommended Editions == The following list contains example references, mainly from the articles of RICH-1849, followed, where available, by citations with links to "recommended" online editions. This is a work in progress. * Achill. Tat., ''de Amor. Clitoph. et Leucip.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0532.tlg001 |title=Leucippe et Clitophon |last=Tatius |first=Achilles |year=1858}} (Accessed: 2024-10-04) * Acro. ad Hor. ''Ep.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/acronisetporphyr01pseuuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Acronis et Porphyrionis Commentarii in Q. Horatium Flaccum. Vol. I. |last=Pseudo-Acro |first= |year=1866}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Acro. ad Hor. ''Ep.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/acronisetporphyr02pseuuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Acronis et Porphyrionis Commentarii in Q. Horatium Flaccum. Vol. II. |last=Pseudo-Acro |first= |year=1866}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Acro. ad Hor. ''Sat.'' * Acron. ad Hor. ''Od.'' * Acron. * Aelian., ''Variar.'' * Aelian., ''Var. Hist.'' * Aesch., ''Ag.'' * Aesch., ''in Timarch.'' * Aesch., ''Pers.'' * Aesch., ''Prom.'' * African., ''Dig.'' * Agathias * Agostini, ''Gemme'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/15878 |title=Le gemme antiche figurate di Leonardo Agostini ... Parte prima |last=Agostini |first=Leonardo}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Agostini, ''Gemme'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/15879 |title=Le gemme antiche figurate di Leonardo Agostini ... Parte seconda |last=Agostini |first=Leonardo}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Alciphron, ''Ep.'': {{Cite book|url=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id413839001/7 |title=Alciphronis Rhetoris Epistularum libri IV |last=Alciphron |first= |year=1905}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Alcuinus, ''De Divinis Officiis'' * Alex., ''Κηρυττ.'' * Alstorp, ''de Hastis Veterum'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.google.at/books/edition/Joh_Alstorphii_de_Hastis_Veterum_opus_po/xRxdNXuQDHwC |title=De Hastis Veterum Opus Posthumum |last=Alstorph |first=Jan}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Amm. Marc.: {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0023.stoa001.perseus-lat2:14 |title=Res Getae |last=Ammianus Marcellinus |first= |year=1935-1940}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Ammian: {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0023.stoa001.perseus-lat2:14 |title=Res Getae |last=Ammianus Marcellinus |first= |year=1935-1940}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Ampel.: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/epitomaedetitoli00floruoft/page/126/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Liber memorialis |last=Ampelius |first=Lucius |year=1873}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * ''Anthol. Lat.'' (ed. Burm.?) * ''Anthol. Lat. Ep.'' * Anthyl ap. Oribas. ''Coll. Med.'' * Anton. (e. g. ad Pet. ''Sat.'') * Anton. Caracall. * Apic.: {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:phi2003.phi001.opp-lat3:1 |title=De Re Coquinaria |last=Apicius |first= |year=1922}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Apollodor.: {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001 |title=Bibliotheca |last=Apollodorus |first= |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Apollodor., ''Bibl.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001 |title=Bibliotheca |last=Apollodorus |first= |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Appian., ''Bell. Civ.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0551.tlg017 |title=Civil Wars |last=Appianus of Alexandria |first= |year=1879}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Apul., ''Apol.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1212.phi001 |title=Apologia |last=Apuleius |first=Lucius |year=1912}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Apul., ''de Mund.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=jIlOlDUcCGQC&hl=de&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=De mundo |last=Apuleius |first=Lucius |year=1876}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Apul., ''Deo Socr.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=jIlOlDUcCGQC&hl=de&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=De deo Socratis |last=Apuleius |first=Lucius |year=1876}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Apul., ''Flor.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1212.phi003 |title=Florida |last=Apuleius |first= |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Apul., ''Met.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1212.phi002 |title=Metamorphoses |last=Apuleius |first= |year=1915}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Aristoph., ''Ach.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg001 |title=Acharnians |last=Aristophanes |first= |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Aristoph., ''Av.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg006 |title=Aves |last=Aristophanes |first= |year=1906}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Arist., ''Eth.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg010 |title=Nicomachean Ethics |last=Aristophanes |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Arist., ''Fragm.'' * Aristot., ''Gen. An.'' * Aristotle, ''H. N.'' * Aristot., ''Rhet..'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg038 |title=Rhetoric |last=Aristotle |first= |year=1959}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Aristoph., ''Eq.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg002 |title=Equites |last=Aristophanes |first= |year=1906}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Aristoph., ''Nub.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg003 |title=Nubes |last=Aristophanes |first= |year=1906}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Arist.'', ''de Mund.'': {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:stoa0033a.tlg028.1st1K-grc1:1-5/ |title=De mundo |last=Pseudo-Aristotle |first= |year=1837}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Arist., ''Pac.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg005 |title=Pax |last=Aristophanes |first= |year=1906}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Aristoph., ''Plut.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg011 |title=Plutus |last=Aristophanes |first= |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Arist., ''Polit.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg035 |title=Politics |last=Aristotle |first= |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Arist., ''Probl.'': {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg036.1st1K-grc1:1 |title=Problemata |last=Aristotle |first= |year=1922}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Arist., ''Ran.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg009 |title=Ranae |last=Aristophanes |first= |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Aristophanes., ''Thesm.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg008 |title=Thesmophoriazusae |last=Aristophanes |first= |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Aristoph., ''Vesp.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0019.tlg004 |title=Vespae |last=Aristophanes |first= |year=1906}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Arnob.: {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0034.stoa001.opp-lat1:1 |title=Arnobii adversus nationes Libri VII |last=Arnobius of Sicca |first= |year=1875}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Arnob., ''adv. Gent.'': {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0034.stoa001.opp-lat1:1 |title=Arnobii adversus nationes Libri VII |last=Arnobius of Sicca |first= |year=1875}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Arrian., ''Anab.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0074.tlg001 |title=Anabsis |last=Arrian |first= |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Arrian., ''Tact.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0074.tlg005 |title=Tactica |last=Arrian |first= |year=1885}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Artemidorus: {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0553.tlg001.1st1K-grc1:1 |title=Onirocriticon |last=Artemidorus |first= |year=1963}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Artis., ''Durobriv.'': {{Cite book|url= |title= |last= |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Ascon. ''ad Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.'' * Ascon. ''Argument. Milon.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/qasconiipedianio00ascouoft/page/30/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Q. Asconii Pediani Orationum Ciceronis Quinque Enarratio |last=Asconius Pedianus |first=Quintus |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Ascon. ''in Cic. Verr.'' * Ascon. ''in Cic. Orat. pro Scauro'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/qasconiipedianio00ascouoft/page/18/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Q. Asconii Pediani Orationum Ciceronis Quinque Enarratio |last=Asconius Pedianus |first=Quintus |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Ascon. ''in Verr.'' * Athen. (Suidas) * Athen., ''Deipn.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001 |title=Deipnosophistae |last=Athenaeus of Naucratis |first= |year=1927}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Auctor. ''ad Herenn.'' * Auct., ''Agrar.'' (ed. Goes.) * Auct., ''Consol. ad Liv.'' * Auct., ''Dial. de Orat.'' * Auct., ''Paneg. ad Pison.'' bzw. ''Pan. in Pis.'' * August., ''contra Faust.'': {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0040.stoa024.opp-lat1:1 |title=Contra Faustum |last=Augustine |first= |year=1891}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * August., ''Dial. Antiqu.'' * August., ''in Psalm.'' * August., ''Mon. Ancyran.'' ap. Grut. * Augustin., ''Civ. Dei'': {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0040.stoa003.opp-lat3:1 |title=De civitate die |last=Augustine |first= |year=1899-1900}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Augustin., ''de Gent.'' * Aul. Gell.: {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0071 |title=Noctes Atticae |last=Gellius |first=Aulus}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Aur. Arc., ''Dig.'' * Aurel., ''Vopisc.'' * Aurel. Vict. * Aurel. Vict., ''Caes.'' * Aurel. Vict., ''Epit.'' * Aurel. Vict., ''Vit. Caes.'' * Aurel. Vict., ''Vri. Illustr.'' * Auson., ''Clar. Urb.'' * Auson., ''in Div. Verr.'' * Auson., ''Ecl. de Fer. Rom.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0045.stoa007.perseus-lat1:23 |title=De Feriis Romanis |last=Ausonius |first=Decimus Magnus |year=1919}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Auson., ''Edyll.'' * Auson., ''Ephem. in Parecb.'' * Auson., ''Epigr.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0045.stoa010 |title=Epigrammata Ausonii de diversis rebus |last=Ausonius |first=Decimus Magnus |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Auson., ''Grat. Act.'': {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0045.stoa014.perseus-lat2:1-5/ |title=Gratiarum Actio |last=Ausonius |first=Decimus Magnus |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Auson., ''Mosell.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0045.stoa019 |title=Mosella |last=Ausonius |first=Decimus Magnus |year=1919}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Ausonius, ''Perioch. Odyss.'' * Ausonius, ''Period. Od.'' (ev. fehlerhaft für ''Perioch. Od.''?) * Auson., ''Profess.'' * Avian., ''Fab.'' * Avien., ''in Arat.'' * B. Crus. ''ad Suet. Aug.'' * Balduinus, ''de Calceo'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/baudouin1667?ui_lang=eng |title=De calceo antiquo et Jul. Nigronus De caliga veterum |last=Baudouin |first=Benoît |year=1667}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Bartholin., ''de Puerp.'': {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/1282124 |title=Anitquitatum veteris puerperii synopsis |last=Bartholin |first=Thomas |year=1676}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Bartoli, ''Admirand.'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/bartoli1693 |title=Admiranda Romanarvm Antiqvitatvm Ac Veteris Scvlptvrae Vestigia: Anaglyphico Opere Elaborata Ex Marmoreis Exemplaribvs Qvae Romae Adhvc Extant In Capitolio Aedibvs Hortisqve Virorvm Principvm Ad Antiqvam Elegantiam |last=Bartoli |first=Pietro |year=1693}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Bartoli, ''Admirand. Rom.'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/bartoli1693 |title=Admiranda Romanarvm Antiqvitatvm Ac Veteris Scvlptvrae Vestigia: Anaglyphico Opere Elaborata Ex Marmoreis Exemplaribvs Qvae Romae Adhvc Extant In Capitolio Aedibvs Hortisqve Virorvm Principvm Ad Antiqvam Elegantiam |last=Bartoli |first=Pietro |year=1693}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Bartoli, ''Lucerne'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/bartoli1691 |title=Le Antiche Lvcerne [lucerne] Sepolcrali Figvrate [figurate] Raccolte dalle Caue [cave] sotterranee, e grotte di Roma |last=Bartoli |first=Pietro |year=1691}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Bartoli, ''Sep.'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/bartoli1728?ui_lang=ger |title=Veterum Sepulcra, Seu Mausolea Romanorum Et Etruscouvm |last=Bartoli |first=Pietro |year=1728}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Bartolini, ''de Paenula'' (probably cardinal Domenico Bartolini) * Bartolom. Font., ''Comment. in Pers.'' * Baumgarten-Crusius, ''Clavis'' (gemeint ist wohl ''Clavis Suetoniana triplicem continens indicem...'', 1818) * Bayfius, ''Re Nav.'': {{Cite book|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15227837 |title=De Re navali libellus |last=Baïf |first=Lazare de |year=1537}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becchi, ''del Calcidico e della Cripta di Eumachia'': {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/15059 |title=Del Calcidico e della cripta di Eumachia scavati nel Foro di Pompeja l'anno 1820 |last=Bechi |first=Guglielmo |year=1820}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becchi, ''Mus. Borb.'' * Becker, ''Augusteum'': {{Cite book|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64627493 |title=Augusteum ou description des monuments antiques qui se trouve a Dresden (Tome Premier) |last=Becker |first=Wilhelm Gottlieb |year=1804}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becker, ''Augusteum'': {{Cite book|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64627493 |title=Augusteum ou description des monuments antiques qui se trouve a Dresden (Tome Second) |last= |first= |year=1808}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becker, ''Augusteum'': {{Cite book|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6468167t |title=Augusteum ou description des monuments antiques qui se trouve a Dresden (Tome Troisieme) |last= |first= |year=811}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becker, ''Augusteum'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/becker1804ga |title=Augusteum: Dresden's Antike Denkmäler Enthaltend (Band 1) |last=Becker |first=Wilhelm Gottlieb |year=1804}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becker, ''Charicles, Excurs.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ag/books?id=eIwOAAAAQAAJ |title=Charicles; Or, Illustrations of the Private Life of the Ancient Greeks |last=Becker |first=Wilhelm Adolf |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becker, ''Charicles, Excurs.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.google.at/books/edition/Charikles/qGw6AAAAcAAJ |title=Bilder altgriechischer Sitte, zur genaueren Kenntniss des griechischen Privatlebens (Band 1) |last=Becker |first=Wilhelm Adolf |year=1840}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becker, ''Charicles, Excurs.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.google.at/books/edition/Charikles_Bilder_altgriechischer_Sitte/4lMPAAAAQAAJ |title=Bilder altgriechischer Sitte, zur genaueren Kenntniss des griechischen Privatlebens (Band 2) |last=Becker |first=Wilhelm Adolf |year=1840}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becker, ''Charicles, Excurs.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.google.at/books/edition/Charikles/Mj42AAAAMAAJ |title=Bilder altgriechischer Sitte, zur genaueren Kenntniss des griechischen Privatlebens (Band 3) |last=Becker |first=Wilhelm Adolf |year=1854}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becker, ''Gallus'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.google.at/books/edition/Gallus_oder_R%C3%B6mische_Scenen_aus_der_Zei/_pk-AQAAMAAJ |title=Gallus; oder, Römische Scenen aus der Zeit Augusts (Bände 1-3) |last=Becker |first=Wilhelm Adolf |year=1880}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Becker, ''Quaest. Plautin.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.google.at/books/edition/De_comicis_Romanorum_fabulis_maxime_Plau/UW3RAAAAMAAJ |title=De comicis Romanorum fabulis maxime Plautinis quaestiones |last=Becker |first=Wilhelm Adolf |year=1837}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Beckman, ''History of Inventions'' (London, 1846): {{Cite book|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/48151 |title=A History of Inventions, Discoveries, and Origins, Volume 1 (of 2) |last=Beckmann |first=John |year=1846}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Beckman, ''History of Inventions'' (London, 1846): {{Cite book|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/48152 |title=A History of Inventions, Discoveries, and Origins, Volume 2 (of 2) |last=Beckmann |first=John |year=1846}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Beier, ''ad Cic. Amic.'' * Bellori, ''Fragm. Urb. Rom.'': {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/15896 |title=Fragmenta vestigij veteris Romae ex lapidibus Farnesianis nunc primum in lucem edita |last=Bellori |first=Giovanni Pietro |year=1673}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Benecke ad Cic. ''Cat.'' * Bertoli, ''Antichità di Aquileja'': {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/15882 |title=Le antichità di Aquileja profane e sacre, per la maggior parte finora inedite |last=Bertoli |first=Gian Domenico |year=1739}} (Accessed: 2024-10-17) * Bianchini, ''Storia Univers.'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/bianchini1747?ui_lang=eng |title=La Istoria Universale Provata Con Monumenti, e figurata con simboli degli Antichi |last=Bianchini |first=Francesco |year=1747}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Bion * Blanchini, ''Instrument. Mus. Vet.': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/francisciblanchi00bian/page/n1/mode/2up |title=De tribus generibus instrumentorum musicae veterum organicae dissertatio |last=Bianchini |first=Francesco |year=1742}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Böck, ''Urk.'' * Boldetti, ''Cimiterj'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10867226?page=6,7 |title=Osservazioni Sopra I Cimiterj De' Santi Martiri, Ed Antichi Christiani di Roma. Vol. 1. |last=Boldetti |first=Marco Antonio |year=1720}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Boldetti, ''Cimiterj'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10867227?page=2,3 |title=Osservazioni Sopra I Cimiterj De' Santi Martiri, Ed Antichi Christiani di Roma. Vol. 2. |last=Boldetti |first=Marco Antonio |year=1720}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Boldetti, ''Cimiterj'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10867228?page=,1 |title=Osservazioni Sopra I Cimiterj De' Santi Martiri, Ed Antichi Christiani di Roma. Vol. 3 |last=Boldetti |first=Marco Antonio |year=1720}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Brocchi, ''Suolo di Roma'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=X3ATenFlj3MC&hl |title=Dello stato fisico del suolo di Roma, memoria per servire d'illustrazione alla carta geognostica di questa citta |last=Brocchi |first=Giovanni Battista |year=1820}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Brocchi, ''Carta fisica del suolo di Roma'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/brocchi-carta-fisica-del-suolo-di-roma-1820 |title=Carta fisica del suolo di Roma |last=Brocchi |first=Giovanni Battista |year=1820}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Broüer, ''de Adorat.'' * Brut. ad Cic. ''Fam.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi059 |title=Letters to and from Brutus |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1901-1903}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Budaeus, ''de Asse'' * Buonarotti, ''Med.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/osservazioniisto00buon/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Osservazioni istoriche sopra alcuni medaglioni antichi |last=Buonarroti |first=Filippo |year=1698}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Buonarotti, ''Vasi di Vetro'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/buonarroti1716?ui_lang=eng |title=Osservazioni sopra alcuni frammenti di vasi antichi di vetro, ornati di figure, trovati ne' cimeteri di Roma |last=Buonarroti |first=Filippo |year=1716}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Burney, ''Hist. of Music'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url= |title= |last= |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Burney, ''Hist. of Music'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url= |title= |last= |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * C. Soph., ''Fragm.'' * Cael. ad Cic. ''Fam.'' * Cael. Aurel., ''Tard.'' * Caes. Germ. in Arat." * Caes., ''Bell. Civ.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0075 |title=De bello Civili |last=Caesar |first=Julius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Caes., ''B. G.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0002 |title=De bello Gallico |last=Caesar |first=Julius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Caesius, ''in Asterismo Lyrae'' * Caii (ev. Call.), ''Dig.'' * Call., ''Dig.'' * Callim., ''Dem.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2008.01.0481%3ahymn%3d6 |title=Hymn to Demeter |last=Callimachus |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Callim., ''Hymn. in Dian.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2008.01.0481%3ahymn%3d3 |title=Hymn to Artemis |last=Callimachus |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Callixenus ap. Athen. * Calpurn., ''Ecl.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/minorlatinpoetsw00duffuoft/page/206/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Eclogae |last=Calpurnius Siculus |first=Titus}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Cancellieri, ''Carcere Tulliano'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books/about/Notizie_del_Carcere_Tulliano_detto_poi_M.html?id=xcvI5VR19rsC |title=Notizie del Carcere Tulliano |last=Cancellieri |first=Francesco}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Capell. * ''Capitoline Museum'' * Capitol., ''Antonin.'' * Capitol., ''Anton. Philosoph.'' * Capitol., ''Macrin.'' * Capitol., ''Marc. Antonin.'' (bzw. ''Marc. Antonin. Philos.'' * Capitol., ''Max. et Balb.'' * Capitol., ''Maxim.'' * Capitol., ''Maxim. jun.'' * Capitol., ''Pertinax'' * Capitol., ''Ver.'' * Carli, ''Antich. Ital.'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/2892712 |title=Delle antichità italiche. Parte Prima |last=Carli |first=Giovanni Rinaldo}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Carli, ''Antich. Ital.'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/2893042 |title=Delle antichità italiche. Parte Seconda |last=Carli |first=Giovanni Rinaldo}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Carli, ''Antich. Ital.'' (Vol. 3): {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/2893452 |title=Delle antichità italiche. Parte Terza |last=Carli |first=Giovanni Rinaldo}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Carli, ''Antich. Ital.'' (Vol. 4): {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/2893852 |title=Delle antichità italiche. Parte Quarta |last=Carli |first=Giovanni Rinaldo}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Carli, ''Antich. Ital.'' (Vol. 5): {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/2894196 |title=Appendici di documenti spettanti alla parte quarta delle Antichità Italiche |last=Carli |first=Giovanni Rinaldo}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Caryst. ap. Athen. * Casali, ''Splendid. Urb. Rom.'' * Casaub. * Cassian., ''Institut.'': {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0076c.stoa002.opp-lat2:1 |title=Institutiones |last=Cassian |first=John |year=1888}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cassini, ''Pitture Antichi'': {{Cite book|url=https://cicognara.org/catalog/3658 |title=Pitture antiche trovate nello scavo aperto in una vigna presso lo spedale di S. Giovanni Laterano in Roma |last=Cassini |first=Giovanni Maria |year=1783}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Cassiodorus, ''in Psalm.'' * Cassiodorus, ''Var. Ep.'' * Cato, ''R. R.'' * Catull.: {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0003 |title=Carmina |last= |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Caylus: {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/caylus1752ga |title=Recueil D'Antiquités, Egyptiennes, Etrusques, Grecques Et Romaines |last= |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Caylus, ''Receuil d'Antiq.'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/caylus1752ga |title=Recueil D'Antiquités, Egyptiennes, Etrusques, Grecques Et Romaines |last= |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Celsus: {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0141 |title=De Medicina |last= |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Censorin., ''De Die Nat.'': {{Cite book|url=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id408082488/5 |title=De die natali |last=Censorinus |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Charis. * Chishul, ''Inscr. Sig.'' (probably Edmund Chishull) * Cic. ap. Macrob. ''Sat.'' * Cic., ''Acad.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0032 |title=Academica |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Agrar.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi011.perseus-lat1 |title=Orationes de Lege Agraria |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1909}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cic., ''Amic.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0040 |title=De Amicitia |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Arch.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0015%3atext%3dArch. |title=Pro Archia |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Att.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi057 |title=Letters to Atticus |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1903}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cic., ''Brut.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2008.01.0544 |title=Brutus |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Caecin.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi008 |title=Pro A. Caecina Oratio |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1909}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cic., ''Cael.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0010%3atext%3dCael. |title=Pro Caelio |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Cat.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0010%3atext%3dCatil. |title=In Catilinam |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Cluent.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0010%3atext%3dClu. |title=Pro Cluentio |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''de Orat.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0120 |title=De Oratore |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''de Rep.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0031 |title=De Republica |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Div.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0034 |title=De Divinatione |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Ep. ad Att.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi057 |title=Letters to Atticus |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1903}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cic., ''Fam.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0009 |title=Epistulae ad Familiares |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Fin.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi048 |title=De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1915}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cic., ''Fl.'' (vermutl. ''Flacc.''): {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0013%3atext%3dFlac. |title=Pro L. Flacco |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Flacc.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0013%3atext%3dFlac. |title=Pro L. Flacco |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., Fragm. ap. Non. * Cic., ''Fragm. Or. in Clod.'' * Cic., ''Harusp. Respons.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0014%3atext%3dHar. |title=De haruspicum responso |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Ibis'' * Cic., ''in Cael. Div.'' (???, ev. ''in Coel. Div.'') * Cic., ''in Senat.'' * Cic., ''Inv.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2008.01.0683 |title=De Inventione |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Leg.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0030 |title=De Legibus |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Ligar.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi033 |title=Pro Q. Ligario Oratio |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1918}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cic., ''Milo'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0020%3atext%3dMil. |title=Milo |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Muren.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0010%3atext%3dMur. |title=Pro Murena |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Muret.'' * Cic., ''N. D.'' (''Nat. Deor.''): {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0037 |title=De Natura Deorum |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Off.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0047 |title=De Officiis |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Orat.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0120 |title=De Oratore |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Par.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0045 |title=Paradoxa stoicorum ad M. Brutum |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Parad.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0045 |title=Paradoxa stoicorum ad M. Brutum |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Phil.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi035 |title=Philippicae I-XIV |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1918}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Cic., ''Pis.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0013%3atext%3dPis. |title=In L. Pisonem |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Planc.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0015%3atext%3dPlanc. |title=Pro Plancio |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Post Red.'' * Cic., ''Prov. Cons.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi025 |title=De provinciis consularibus in senatu oratio |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1909}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cic., ''ad Q. Fr.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0017 |title=??? Letters to and from Quintus ??? |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''pro Rosc. Com.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0013%3atext%3dQ.+Rosc. |title=Pro Q. Roscio comoedo |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''R. Perd.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi012 |title=Pro C. Rabirio perduellionis reo ad quirites oratio |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1909}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cic., ''Rabir. Post.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0013%3atext%3dRab.+Post. |title=Pro C. Rabiro Postumo |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Rosc. Am.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0010%3atext%3dS.+Rosc. |title=Pro Sex. Roscio |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Senect.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0038 |title=De Senectute |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Sext.'' * Cic., ''Somn.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi043.perseus-lat1:6.1 |title=Somnium Scipionis (book vi of De Republica) |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1889}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cic., ''Sull.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0015%3atext%3dSul. |title=Pro Sulla |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Top.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi042 |title=Topica |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1911}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Cic., ''Tusc.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a2007.01.0044 |title=Tusculanae Disputationes |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Univers.'' * Cic., ''Vatin.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0014%3atext%3dVat. |title=Against Vatinius |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cic., ''Verr.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.02.0012%3atext%3dVer. |title=In C. Verrem |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Cincius ap. Gell. * Circ., ''Acad.'' * Claud., ''B. Gild.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa002 |title=De bello Gildonico |last=Claudianus |first=Claudius |year=1922}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Claud., ''Cons. Honor.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0696 |title=Panegyricus de tertio consulatu Honorii Augusti |last=Claudianus |first=Claudius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Claud., ''Cons. Honor.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa011 |title=Panegyricus de quarto consulatu Honorii Augusti |last=Claudianus |first=Claudius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Claud., ''Cons. Honor.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa012 |title=Panegyricus de sexto consulatu Honorii Augusti |last=Claudianus |first=Claudius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Claud., ''Cons. Stilich.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa004 |title=De consulatu Stilichonis |last=Claudianus |first=Claudius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Claud., ''de Laud. Stilich.'' * Claud., ''Ep.'' * Claud., ''Epigr.'' * Claud., ''in Eutrop.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa008 |title=In Eutropium |last=Claudianus |first=Claudius |year=1922}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Claud., ''in Rufin.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa009 |title=In Rufinum |last=Claudianus |first=Claudius |year=1922}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Claud., ''Laud. Stil.'' * Claud., ''Mall. Theod.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa013 |title=Panegyricus dictus Manlio Theodoro consuli |last=Claudianus |first=Claudius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Claud., ''Nupt. Honor. et Mar.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa006 |title=Epithalamium de nuptiis Honorii Augusti |last=Claudianus |first=Claudius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Claud., ''Proem. ad Epith. in Nupt. Hon. et Mar.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa006 |title=Epithalamium de nuptiis Honorii Augusti |last=Claudianus |first=Claudius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Claud. Quadrigar. ap. Gell. * Cod. Theodos. * Coel. Aurel., ''Acut.'' * Coel. Aurel., ''Tard.'' * Columell.: {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0845.phi002.perseus-lat3:1 |title=Res Rustica |last=Columella |first=Lucius Junius Moderatus |year=1941}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Columell., ''Arb.'' * Coryate, ''Crudities'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=sGeowgOkNuIC |title=Coryat's crudities |last=Coryate |first=Thomas}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Curt. * Cyprian., ''de Habitu Virgin.'': {{Cite book|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/corpusscriptor203cypruoft#page/184/mode/2up |title=De habitu virginum |last=Cyprian Saint, Bishop of Carthage |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Davis, ''China'' * Demosth. (Reiske) * Demosth., ''Contra Conon.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg054.perseus-grc1 |title=Against Conon |last=Demosthenes |first= |year=1931}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Demosth., ''de Coron.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg018.perseus-grc1 |title=On the Crown |last=Demosthenes |first= |year=1903}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Demosth., ''de Fals. Leg.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg019.perseus-grc1 |title=On the False Embassy |last=Demosthenes |first= |year=1903}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Demosth., ''in Mid.'' (Schaeffer): {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg021.perseus-grc1 |title=Against Midias |last=Demosthenes |first= |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Dig. * Diodor. * Diomed. * Dionys. * Dion. Cass. * Dion. Hal. * Dionys. * Dioscor. * Doederl. * Don. * Donat. ad Terent. ''Adelph.'' * Donat. ap. Terent. ''Phorm'' * Donati, ''Dittici Antichi'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/donati1753a?ui_lang=eng |title=De' dittici degli antichi profani e sacri: libri III |last=Donati |first=Sebastiano}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Dorvill., ''Iter. Sicul.'' * Dosiad. ap. Athen * Dr. Hyde/Christie, ''Ancient Greek Games'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books/about/An_Inquiry_Into_the_Ancient_Greek_Game_S.html?id=jftdAAAAcAAJ |title=An Inquiry Into the Ancient Greek Game |last=Christie |first=James}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Ducang., ''Gloss. Graec. et Lat.'' * Du Choul, ''Castramet. des Romains'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/duchoul1672a/0001/image,info |title=Discours sur la Castrametation et Discipline Militaire des Romains |last=Du Choul |first=Guillaume}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Durant., ''de Rit.'': {{Cite book|url=https://dl.ub.uni-freiburg.de/diglit/duranti1592/0005?sid=a5420853dc46e5e4570407304842daeb |title=De Ritibus Ecclesiae Catholicae: Libri Tres |last=Duranti |first=Jean Étienne}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * ''Edict of Diocletian'' * Eichstädt., ''Dissertt. de Imagg. Rom.'' * Elmes, ''Lectures on Architecture'' * Ennius ap. Cic. ''Acad.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0474.phi045 |title=Academica |last=Cicero |first=Marcus Tullius |year=1922}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Ennius ap. Isidor. ''Orig.'' * Ernesti, ''Clav. Cic.'' * Etymol. Sylburg. ap. Scheffer, ''Re Nav.'' * Eum., ''Paneg. ad Const.'' * Eurip., ''Alcest.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg002 |title=Alcestis |last=Euripides |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Eur., ''Cycl.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg001 |title=Cyclops |last=Euripides |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Eur., ''Hel.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg014 |title=Helen |last=Euripides |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Eur., ''Hippol.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg005 |title=Hippolytus |last=Euripides |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Eurip., ''Ion.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010 |title=Ion |last=Euripides |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Eurip., ''Iph. Taur.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg013 |title=Iphigenia in Tauris |last=Euripides |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Eur., ''Med.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg003 |title=Medea |last=Euripides |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Eurip., ''Suppl.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg008 |title=Suppliants |last=Euripides |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Eust., ''Od.'' * Eustath., ad Hom. ''Od.'' * Eustath., ''ad Il.'' * Fabius Pictor ap. Gell. * Fabretii, ''Aq.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/raphfabrettigasp00fabr/page/n5/mode/2up |title=De aquis et aquaeductibus veteris Romae |last=Fabretti |first=Raffaele}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Fabretti, ''Col. Tr.'': {{Cite book|url=http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?PPN657572187 |title=De Columna Traiani Syntagma |last=Fabretti |first=Raffaele}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Fabretti, ''Col. Tr. Addend.'' * Fabri., ''Agon.'' * Fellow, ''Journal in Asia Minor'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/journalwrittendu00felliala/page/n3/mode/2up |title=A journal written during an excursion in Asia Minor |last=Fellows |first=Charles}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Ferrarius * Festus * Ficoroni, ''La Bolla d'Oro'': {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/1265437 |title=La bolla d'oro de' fanciulli nobili romani, e quella de' libertini, ed altre singolarita spettanti a' mausolei |last=Ficoroni |first=Francesco}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Ficoroni, ''Labico Antico'': {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/15920 |title=Le memorie ritrovate nel territorio della prima, e seconda citta di Labico e i loro giusti siti |last=Ficoroni |first=Francesco}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Ficoroni, ''Vestig. Rom.'': {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/16549 |title=Le Vestigia, e rarità di Roma antica |last=Ficoroni |first=Francesco}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Firm. Math. oder Firm. Matth. * Florent., ''Dig.'' * Florus * Fortunatus Schackius, ''Myriothec.'' * ''Fragm. jur. ante Justinean. a Maio edita'' * Francesco di Gorgio * Front., ''ad M. Caes. Ep.'' (ed. A. Maio) * Front., ''de Or. Ep.'' (ed. A. Maio) * Front., ''Strateg.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/strategematiconl00fronuoft/page/n19/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Strategematicon |last=Frontinus |first=Sextus Julius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Fronto, ad Verum Imp. Ep. * Frontin., ''Ag.'' * Frontinus, ''de Aquaeduct.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/stratagemsaquedu00fronuoft/page/330/mode/2up |title=De aquis urbis Romae |last=Frontinus |first=Sextus Julius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Fulgent. Planc. * Furnaletti * Furnaletti, ''de Musiv.'' * Furnaletti, ''Lex. Facciolat.'' * Gabius Bassus ap. Gell. * Galen., ''Comment. in Hippocr. de Articul.'' * Galen, ''Compos. Med. per. gen.'' * Gally Knight, ''Ecclesiastical Architecture of Italy'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008639680/page/n5/mode/2up |title= |last=Knight |first=Henry Gally}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Gally Knight, ''Ecclesiastical Architecture of Italy'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008639037/page/n5/mode/2up |title= |last=Knight |first=Henry Gally}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Gamucci, ''Antichità di Roma'' (Venez. 1588): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/gamucci1565?ui_lang=eng |title=Libri Quattro Dell'Antichita Della Citta Di Roma |last=Gamucci |first=Bernardo}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Gell. * Gell., ''Itinerary of Morea'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books/about/Itinerary_of_the_Morea.html?id=dHCgAAAAMAAJ |title=Itinerary of the Morea: Being a Description of the Routes of that Peninsula |last=Gell |first=William}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Gell, ''Pompeiana'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/gell1832bd1 |title=Pompeiana: the topography, edifices and ornaments of Pompeii ; the result of excavations since 1819 (Vol. 1) |last=Gell |first=William}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Gell, ''Pompeiana'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/gell1832bd2 |title=Pompeiana: the topography, edifices and ornaments of Pompeii ; the result of excavations since 1819 (Vol. 2) |last=Gell |first=William}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Geopon. * Ginzrot, ''Wagen und Fahrwerke'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/ginzrot1817ga?ui_lang=eng |title=Die Wagen und Fahrwerke der Griechen und Römer und anderer alten Völker |last=Ginzrot |first=Johann Christian |year=1817}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * ''Giornal. Arcad.'' * ''Gloss. Isid.'' * Gloss. Philox. Vulgat. ''Ezech.'' * Gloss. Philox., ''ξίφος ἐπικαμπὲς'' * Gori, ''Inscript. Antiq. Flor.'' * Gori, ''Mus. Etrusc.'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/gori1737bd1 |title=Museum Etruscum Exhibens Insignia Veterum Etruscorum Monumenta (Vol. 1) |last=Gori |first=Antonio Francesco}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Gori, ''Mus. Etrusc.'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/gori1737bd2 |title=Museum Etruscum Exhibens Insignia Veterum Etruscorum Monumenta (Vol. 2) |last=Gori |first=Antonio Francesco}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Gori, ''Mus. Etrusc.'' (Vol. 3): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/gori1743bd3 |title=Museum Etruscum Exhibens Insignia Veterum Etruscorum Monumenta (Vol. 3) |last=Gori |first=Antonio Francesco}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Gorlaeus, ''Dactyliotheca'': {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/15090 |title=Dactyliothecae |last=Goorle |first=Abraham van |year=1707}} (Accessed: 2024-10-11) * Grat., ''Cyneg.'' * Gronov, ''Thesaur. Antiqu. Gr.'' * Grut. (Inscr.) * Guasco, ''Delle Ornatrici'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_1fdwnp517owC/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Delle ornatrici, e de' loro uffizi, ed insieme della superstizione de' gentili nella chioma; e della cultura della medesima presso le antiche donne romane |last=Guasco |first=Francesco Eugenio}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Guischard, ''Mémoires Milit.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10525879?page=1 |title=Mémoires militaires sur les Grecs et les Romains. Tome 1 |last=Guischardt |first=Charles}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Gwilt, ''Encyclopaedia of Architecture'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofa00gwil/page/n11/mode/2up |title=An encyclopaedia of architecture, historical, theoretical, and practical |last=Gwilt |first=Joseph}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Gwilt, ''Glossary of Architecture'' * Heraclid. ap. Athen. * Heindorf. ad Hor. ''Op.'' * Heindorf. ad Hor. ''Sat.'' * Heraclides of Pontus ap. Athen. * Hero, ''de Spirit.'' * Herod. * Herodian. * Herzog ad Sall. ''Cat.'' * Hesiod., ''Op.'' * Hesiod., ''Theogn.'' * Hesychius * Heyne ad Virg. ''Aen.'' * Hieron., ''adv. Jov.'' * Hieron., ''Comment. Matth.'' * Hieron., ''Epist.'' * Hieron., ''Ep. ad Demetr.'' * Hieron., ''Ep. ad Julian.'' * Hieron., ''in Hierem.'' * Hieron., ''in Isai.'' * Hieron., ''in prol. Amos'' * Hieron., ''Vit. Hilar.'' * Hirt., ''Bell. Afr.'' * Hirt., ''Bell. Alex.'' * Homer., ''Hymn. Merc.'' * Homer, ''Il.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001 |title=Iliad |last= |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-19) * Homer, ''Merc.'' (ev. identisch mit ''Hymn. Merc.'') * Hom., ''Od.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002 |title=Odyssey |last= |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-19) * Hope, ''Costumes'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/costumeofancient00hopeuoft/page/n7/mode/2up |title=Costume of the ancients (Vol. 1) |last=Hope |first=Thomas}} (Accessed: 2024-11-19) * Hope, ''Costumes'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/costumeofancient02hopes/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Costume of the ancients (Vol. 2) |last=Hope |first=Thomas}} (Accessed: 2024-11-19) * Hor., ''A. P.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0893.phi006 |title=De Arte Poetica liber |last=Horace |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-19) * Hor., ''Carm.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0893.phi002 |title=Carmen Saeculare |last=Horace |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-19) * Hor., ''Epist.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0893.phi005 |title=Epistles |last=Horace |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-19) * Hor., ''Epod.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0893.phi003 |title=Epodon |last=Horace |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-19) * Hor., ''Od.'' * Hor., ''Sat.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0893.phi004 |title=Satyrarum liber |last=Horace |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-19) * Howell, ''Treatise on the War Galleys of the Ancients'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.tt/books?id=DVpHAAAAYAAJ |title=An Essay on the War-galleys of the Ancients |last=Howell |first=John |year=1826}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Howell, ''War Gallies of the Ancients'' (identical with the last): {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.tt/books?id=DVpHAAAAYAAJ |title=An Essay on the War-galleys of the Ancients |last=Howell |first=John |year=1826}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Hussey, ''On Ancient Weights and Money'': {{Cite book|url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/xmqsccqn/items?canvas=7 |title=An essay on the ancient weights and money, and the Roman and Greek liquid measures, with an appendix on the Roman and Greek foot |last=Hussey |first=Robert |year=1836}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Hyg., ''de Limit.'' (ed.? Goes.) * Hygin., ''Astron.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=nCMb-G2mma8C |title=Astronomica / De astronomia |last=Hyginus |first=C. Julius |year=1875}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Hygin., ''Fab.'' * Imp. Anast., ''Cod.'' * Imp. Justin., ''Cod.'' * Impp. Valent. et Valens. Cod. Theodos. * Inscript. ap. Gruter * Interpet. Vet. ad Virg. ''Ecl.'' * Iorio, ''Mimica degli Antichi'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NeQGAAAAQAAJ/page/n5/mode/2up |title=La mimica degli antichi investigata nel gestire napoletano |last=Jorio |first=Andrea de |year=1832}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Iorio, ''Officina de' Papiri'' (bzw. ''Officina de' Papiri, del Real. Mus. Borb.''): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/realmuseoborbon01jorigoog/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Real museo borbonico: Officina de' Papiri |last=Jorio |first=Andrea de |year=1825}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Isidor., ''Gloss.'' * Isidorus, ''Orig.'' (Libri I-X): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isidori01isiduoft/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Isidori Hispalensis episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX. Volume 1 |last=Isidore of Seville |first= |year=1911}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Isidorus, ''Orig.'' (Libri XI-XX): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isidori01isiduoft/page/n429/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Isidori Hispalensis episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX. Volume 2 |last=Isidore of Seville |first= |year=1911}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Jabolen., ''Dig.'' * Jal, ''Archéologie Navale'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_jMkZCGHyzH8C/page/n7/mode/2up |title=Archéologie Navale |last=Jal |first=Auguste}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Jean Marteihle (''Autobiography of a French Protestant'') * Jo. Bapt. Suarez ("work on the antiquities of Cadiz") * Jo. Cam. Rossi (ed.), ''Inscript. Vet.'' * Joann. Evang. * Joseph., ''Bell. Jud.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0526.tlg004 |title=De bello Judaico libri vii |last=Josephus |first=Flavius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Jul. Cap., ''Pertinax'' * Julius Pollux * Justin * Juv., ''Sat.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1276.phi001 |title=Satires |last=Juvenal |first=Decimus Junius |year=1918}} (Accessed: 2024-11-02) * ''Kings'' (ex Bible) * Kircher. ''Musurg.'': {{Cite book|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1280287g |title=Musurgia universalis sive Ars magna consoni et dissoni. Tomus I |last=Kircher |first=Athanasius |year=1650}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Kircher. ''Musurg.'': {{Cite book|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k123681g |title=Musurgia universalis sive Ars magna consoni et dissoni. Tomus II |last=Kircher |first=Athanasius |year=1650}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Labacco, ''Libro dell' Architettura'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/labacco1559?ui_lang=eng |title=Libro D'Antonio Labacco Appartenente All'Architettura, Nel Qual Si Figurano Alcune Notabili Antiquita Di Roma |last=Labacco |first=Antonio |year=1559}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Labeon., ''Dig.'' * Labus., ''Antich. di Mantova'' * La Chausse, ''Receuil d'Antiq. Romaines'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125010845317/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Le grand cabinet romain, ou, Recueil d'antiquitez romaines |last=La Chausse |first=Michel Ange de |year=1706}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lact., ''Mort. persecut.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=pSkjAQAAMAAJ&hl=de&pg=PA169#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=De mortibus persecutorum |last=Lactantius |first= |year=1897}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lactant. * Lambeccio, ''Append. ad Lib. IV. Comment.'' * Lambecc., ''Bibliothec. Caes.'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb11054602?page=2%2C3 |title=Commentariorum de Augustissima Bibliotheca Cæsarea Vindobonensi Liber Primus |last=Lambeck |first=Peter |year=1766}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lambecc., ''Bibliothec. Caes.'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb10813724?page=12%2C13 |title=Commentariorum de Augustissima Bibliotheca Cæsarea Vindobonensi Liber Secundus |last=Lambeck |first=Peter |year=1769}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lambecc., ''Bibliothec. Caes.'' (Vol. 3): {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb11199717?page=6%2C7 |title=Commentariorum de Augustissima Bibliotheca Cæsarea Vindobonensi Liber Tertius |last=Lambeck |first=Peter |year=1776}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lambecc., ''Bibliothec. Caes.'' (Vol. 4): {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb11054605?page=%2C1 |title=Commentariorum de Augustissima Bibliotheca Cæsarea Vindobonensi Liber Quartus |last=Lambeck |first=Peter |year=1778}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lambecc., ''Bibliothec. Caes.'' (Vol. 5): {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb10813729?page=8%2C9 |title=Commentariorum de Augustissima Bibliotheca Cæsarea Vindobonensi Liber Quintus |last=Lambeck |first=Peter |year=1778}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lambecc., ''Bibliothec. Caes.'' (Vol. 6): {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb11054607?page=%2C1 |title=Commentariorum de Augustissima Bibliotheca Cæsarea Vindobonensi Liber Sextus |last=Lambeck |first=Peter |year=1780}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lambecc., ''Bibliothec. Caes.'' (Vol. 7): {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb10813731?page=12%2C13 |title=Commentariorum de Augustissima Bibliotheca Cæsarea Vindobonensi Liber Septimus |last=Lambeck |first=Peter |year=1781}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lambecc., ''Bibliothec. Caes.'' (Vol. 8): {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10813732?page=8,9 |title=Commentariorum de Augustissima Bibliotheca Cæsarea Vindobonensi Liber Octavus |last=Lambeck |first=Peter |year=1782}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lambeccius, ''Comment. Bibl. Caes.'' * Giovanni Lami, ''Dissertaz. sopra le Ciste Mistiche'' * Lamprid., ''Alex. Sev.'' * Lamprid., ''Commodus'' * Lamprid., ''Elagab.'' * Lamprid., ''Heliog.'' * Liban. Antioch. * Licetus, ''De gemmis anulorum'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_7i0a9224zjQC/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Hieroglyphica sive Antiqua schemata gemmarum anularium |last=Liceti |first=Fortunio}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Licetus, ''Lucern.'' (?): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008532349/page/n3/mode/2up |title=De lucernis antiquorum reconditis libri sex |last=Liceti |first=Fortunio}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Liv. * Liv., ''Epit.'' * Livius Andronicus: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/remainsofoldlati02warmuoft/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Livius Andronicus |last=Andronicus |first=Livius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Longus * Lorenzo Pignori, ''De Serv.'' * Luc., ''Zeux.'' * Lucan. * Lucan., ''Phars.'' * Lucian., ''Lexiph.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg046 |title=Lexiphanes |last=Lucian |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lucian., ''Salt.'' * Lucil., ''Salt.'' (ev. falsch für Lucian.?) * Lucil., ''Sat.'' (ed. Gerlach): {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg055 |title=Saturnalia |last=Lucian |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Lucret. * Luctat. in Stat. ''Theb.'' * Lumisden, ''Antiquities of Rome'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books/about/Remarks_on_the_Antiquities_of_Rome_and_I.html?id=n70sAAAAYAAJ |title=Remarks on the Antiquities of Rome and Its Environs |last=Lumisden |first=Andrew}} (Accessed: 2024-11-07) * Lycophr. * Lysias ap. Poll. * Macer., ''Dig.'' * Macrin. Imp. ap. Capitolin. * Macrob., ''Sat.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=QXtfAAAAMAAJ&hl=de&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Saturnalia |last=Macrobius |first=Ambrosius Aurelius Theodosius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Maecen. ap. Senec. ''Ep.'' * Maffei, ''Mus. Veron.'' * Manilius, ''Astr.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordbookoflati00garruoft/page/206/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Astronomica |last=Manilius |first=Marcus }} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Manni, ''Dissert. degli Occhiali'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb10052988?page=6%2C7 |title=Degli occhiali da naso inventati da Salvino Armati |last=Manni |first=Domenico Maria }} (Accessed: 2024-11-22) * Manutius ad Cic. ''Fam.'' * Manutius, ''de Comit. Rom.'' * Mar. Victorin. * Marcell., ''Dig.'' * Marcell. Empir. * Marc. Capell. * Marini * Marini, ''Frat. Arv.'' * Marini, ''Inscriz. Alb.'' * Marius Victorin. * Marquez, ''Case degli Antichi Romani'' * Marquez, ''Ord. Dor.'' * Mart., ''Epigramm.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1294.phi002 |title=Epigrammata |last=Martialis |first=Marcus Valerius |year=1925}} (Accessed: 2024-11-02) * Mart., ''in Lemmate'' * Mart., ''Spect.'' * Mart., ''Tit. in Ep.'' * Martian. Capell. * Martini, ''von den Sonnenuhren der Alten'' * Mauricii (bzw. Mauricius), ''Ars Mil.'' (ed. Joh. Scheffer) * Mazois, ''Ruines de Pomp.'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/mazois1824bd1 |title=Les ruines de Pompei (Vol. 1) |last=Mazois |first=François |year=1824}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Mazois, ''Ruines de Pomp.'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/mazois1824bd2 |title=Les ruines de Pompei (Vol. 2) |last=Mazois |first=François |year=1824}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Mazois, ''Ruines de Pomp.'' (Vol. 3): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/mazois1829bd3 |title=Les ruines de Pompei (Vol. 3) |last=Mazois |first=François |year=1829}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Mazois, ''Ruines de Pomp.'' (Vol. 4): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/mazois1838bd4 |title=Les ruines de Pompei (Vol. 4) |last=Mazois |first=François |year=1838}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Mazzocchi, ''de Ascia'' * Mela: {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=vVliPOZS_2YC |title=De chorographia |last=Mela |first=Pomponius |year=1880}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Mercuriali, ''Gymn.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/hieronymimercvri00merc |title=De arte gymnastica libri sex |last=Mercuriale |first=Girolamo |year=1573}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Micali, ''Italia avanti il Dominio de' Romani'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/micali1810bd1 |title=L’Italia avanti il dominio dei romani (Tomo I.) |last=Micali |first=Giuseppe |year=1810}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Micali, ''Italia avanti il Dominio de' Romani'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/micali1810bd2 |title=L’Italia avanti il dominio dei romani (Tomo II.) |last=Micali |first=Giuseppe |year=1810}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Micali, ''Italia avanti il Dominio de' Romani'' (Vol. 3): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/micali1810bd3 |title=L’Italia avanti il dominio dei romani (Tomo III.) |last=Micali |first=Giuseppe |year=1810}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Micali, ''Italia avanti il Dominio de' Romani'' (Vol. 4): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/micali1810bd4 |title=L’Italia avanti il dominio dei romani (Tomo IV.) |last=Micali |first=Giuseppe |year=1810}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Micali, ''Italia avanti il Dominio de' Romani'' (Vol. 5): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/micali1810bd5 |title=L’Italia avanti il dominio dei romani: Antichi monumenti |last=Micali |first=Giuseppe |year=1810}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Micali, ''Italia avanti i Romani'' (see above) * Millin, ''Vas. Ant.'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/duboismaisonneuve1808bd1 |title=Peintures de vases antiques, vulgairement appelés étrusques (Vol. 1) |last=Millin |first=Aubin |year=1808}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Millin, ''Vas. Ant.'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/duboismaisonneuve1810bd2 |title=Peintures de vases antiques, vulgairement appelés étrusques (Vol. 2) |last=Millin |first=Aubin |year=1810}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Minucius Felix * Minucius Felix, ''in Octav.'' * Modest. * Montfauc., ''Antiq. Expl.'' * Morell., ''Dissert. de' Littori'' * Moschus ap. Athen. * Mosebach, ''de Praecon. Vet.'' * Muller, ''Hist. of Greek Literature'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofliterat01mluoft/page/n5/mode/2up |title=A history of the literature of ancient Greece (Vol. 1) |last=Müller |first=Karl Otfried |year=1858}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Muller, ''Hist. of Greek Literature'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofliterat02mluoft/page/n5/mode/2up |title=A history of the literature of ancient Greece (Vol. 2) |last=Müller |first=Karl Otfried |year=1858}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Müller, ''Archaologie der Kunst'' (korrekt wohl ''Archäologie der Kunst''): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/mueller1830 |title=Handbuch der Archäologie der Kunst |last=Müller |first=Karl Otfried |year=1830}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Müller, ''Handbuch der Archäologie der Kunst'' (the same): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/mueller1830 |title=Handbuch der Archäologie der Kunst |last=Müller |first=Karl Otfried |year=1830}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Murat (Inscriptions)? * Muratori, ''Inscript.'' * Muret (Inscriptions)? * ''Museo Borbon.'' * ''Mus. Capitol.'' * ''Mus. Chiaramont.'' * ''Mus. Pio-Clem.'' * Nardini, ''Rom. Ant.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nardini-roma-antica-1666 |title=Roma antica |last=Nardini |first=Famiano |year=1666}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nemes., ''Fragm. de Aucup.'' * Nemesian, ''Cyneg.'' * Nepos., ''Ag.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo017 |title=Agesilaus |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos., ''Ages.'' (the same): {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo017 |title=Agesilaus |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos., ''Alcib.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo007 |title=Alcibiades |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos, ''Att.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo025 |title=Atticus |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos, ''Con.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo009 |title=Conon |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos, ''Dat.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo014 |title=Datames |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos, ''Dion.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo010 |title=Dion |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos, ''Epam.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo015 |title=Epaminondas |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos, ''Eum.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo018 |title=Eumenes |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos, ''Iphicr.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo011 |title=Iphicrates |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos, ''Milt.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo001 |title=Miltiades |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos, ''Pel.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo016 |title=Pelopidas |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nepos, ''Them.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0588.abo002 |title=Themistocles |last=Nepos |first=Cornelius |year=1886}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nicet. Choniat., ''Script. Byzant.'' * Nicolai, ''Antichità di Pesto'' * Niebuhr, ''Hist. Rom.'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofrome01nieb/page/n9/mode/2up |title=The history of Rome from the first Punic War to the death of Constantine (Vol. 1) |last=Niebuhr |first=Barthold Georg |year=1844}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Niebuhr, ''Hist. Rom.'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofromefrom02nieb/page/n7/mode/2up |title=The history of Rome from the first Punic War to the death of Constantine (Vol. 2) |last=Niebuhr |first=Barthold Georg |year=1844}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Nigid. ap. Isidor. * Non. (page number in the codex „Merc.“ is found below the ordinary page number): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/noniimarcellidec01noni/page/n1/mode/2up |title=Nonii Marcelli De conpendiosa doctrina: Volumen I |last=Nonius |first=Marcellus |year=1903}} (Accessed: 2024-11-04) * Non. (page number in the codex „Merc.“ is found below the ordinary page number): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/noniimarcellidec02noni/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Nonii Marcelli De conpendiosa doctrina: Volumen II |last=Nonius |first=Marcellus |year=1903}} (Accessed: 2024-11-04) * Non. (page number in the codex „Merc.“ is found below the ordinary page number): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/noniimarcellidec03noni/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Nonii Marcelli De conpendiosa doctrina: Volumen III |last=Nonius |first=Marcellus |year=1903}} (Accessed: 2024-11-04) * Nonn., ''Dionys.'' * ''Not. Tires.'' * ''Notitia Imperii'' * ''Novum Testamentum'' * Oppian., ''Cyneg.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0024.tlg001 |title=Cynegetica |last=Oppian of Apamea |first= |year=1928}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Oppian., ''Hal.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0023.tlg001 |title=Halieutica |last=Oppian |first= |year=1928}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Orelli, ''Inscr.'' * Oribas, ''Coll. Med.'' * Oudendorp ''ad Suet. Galb.'' * Ov., ''Med. fac.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi003 |title=Medicamina Faciei Femineae |last=Ovidius Naso |first=Publius |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Ovid., ''Amor.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi001 |title=Amores |last=Ovidius Naso |first=Publius |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Ovid., ''Art. Am.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi004 |title=Ars Amatoria |last=Ovidius Naso |first=Publius |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Ovid., ''Fast.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi007 |title=Fasti |last=Ovidius Naso |first=Publius |year=1931}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Ovid., ''Her.'' * Ovid., ''Ibis'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi010 |title=Ibis |last=Ovidius Naso |first=Publius |year=1889}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Ovid., ''Met.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi006 |title=Metamorphoses |last=Ovidius Naso |first=Publius |year=1892}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Ovid., ''Nux'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=I9QIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA88 |title=Nux |last=Ovidius Naso |first=Publius |year=1879}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Ovid., ''Pont.'' * Ovid., ''Rem.'' (ev. identisch mit ''Rem. Am.''): {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0068%3Atext%3DRem. |title=Remedia Amoris |last=Ovidius Naso |first=Publius |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Ovid., ''Rem. Am.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0068%3Atext%3DRem. |title=Remedia Amoris |last=Ovidius Naso |first=Publius |year=1907}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Ovid., ''Trist.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi008 |title=Tristia |last=Ovidius Naso |first=Publius |year=1924}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * P. Syrus ap. Pet. ''Sat.'' * P. Victor, ''de Reg. Urb. Rom.'' * Pacuv. ap. Non. * Pallad. * Pallad., ''Jan.'' * Pallad., ''Feb.'' * Pallad., ''Jun.'' * Pallad., ''Oct.'' * Pallad., ''Nov.'' * Panofka, ''Recherches sur les véritables Noms des Vases Grecs'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/panofka1829/ |title=Recherches sur les véritables noms des vases grecs et sur leurs différens usages |last=Panofka |first=Theodor |year=1829}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Panvinus, ''de Lud. Circen.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books/about/De_Ludis_Circensibus.html?id=50ZYAAAAcAAJ |title=De Ludis Circensibus |last=Panvinio |first=Onofrio |year=1681}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Paterc.: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/compendiumofroma00velluoft/page/n9/mode/2up |title=C. Vellei Paterculi Historiae Romanae |last=Velleius Paterculus |first=Gaius |year=1924}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Paul. ex Fest. * Paul., ''Dig.'' * Paul., ''Sentent.'' * Paul. Nol., ''Ep.'' * Pausan.: {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001 |title=Description of Greece |last=Pausanias |first= |year=1903}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Pedo Albin., ''El.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0969.phi001 |title=Satires |last=Persius |first= |year=1918}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Perecr., ''Δουλ.'' * Persius, ''Sat.'' * Pet., ''Fragm.'' * Pet., ''Priap.'' * Pet., ''Sat.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0972.phi001 |title=Satyricon |last=Petronius Arbiter |first= |year=1913}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Phaedr.: {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0975.phi001 |title=Fabulae Aesopiae |last=Phaedrus |first= |year=1876}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Philostr., ''Imag.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0652.tlg001 |title=Imagines |last=Philostratus |first=Flavius |year=1871}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * ''Pict. Crypt.'' * Pietro Stancovich, ''Anfiteatro di Pola'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=7dn_z6B4MqAC |title=Dello anfiteatro di Pola |last=Stancovich |first=Pietro |year=1822}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Pignorius, ''de Serv.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11423555?page=8,9 |title=De servis et eorum apud veteres ministeriis commentarius |last=Pignoria |first=Lorenzo |year=1656}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * ''Pitture de Ercolan.'' * Pindar, ''Olymp.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0033.tlg001 |title=Olympian |last=Pindar |first= |year=1937}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Pitisc. (Inscriptions) * Plato, ''de Leg.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg034 |title=Laws |last=Plato |first= |year=1900}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plato, ''Euthyphr.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg001 |title=Euthyphro |last=Plato |first= |year=1900}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plato, ''Phaed.'' (ed. Bipont) * Plat., ''Symp.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg011 |title=Symposium |last=Plato |first= |year=1901}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plat., ''Theaet.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg006 |title=Theaetetus |last=Plato |first= |year=1900}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Amph.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi001 |title=Amphitruo |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''As.'' (''Asin.''?): {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi002 |title=Asinaria |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Aul.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi003 |title=Aulularia |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Bacch.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi004 |title=Bacchides |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Capt.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi005 |title=Captivi |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Cas.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi006 |title=Casina |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Cist.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi007 |title=Cistellaria |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Crass.'' * Plaut., ''Curc.'' * Plaut., ''Epid.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi009 |title=Epidicus |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Men.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi010 |title=Menaechmi |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Merc.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi011 |title=Mercator |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Mil.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi012 |title=Miles Gloriosus |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Most.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi013 |title=Mostellaria |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Pers.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi014 |title=Persa |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Poen.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi015 |title=Poenulus |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Pseud.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi016 |title=Pseudolus |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Rud.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi017 |title=Rudens |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plaut., ''Stich.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0119.phi018 |title=Stichus |last=Plautus |first=Titus Maccius |year=1895}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plin., ''Ep.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1318.phi001 |title=Epistulae |last=Pliny the Younger |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plin. Jun., ''Ep.'' (ev. identisch mit dem vorigen?): {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1318.phi001 |title=Epistulae |last=Pliny the Younger |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plinius, ''Historia Naturalis'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0978.phi001 |title=Naturalis Historia |last=Pliny the Elder |first= |year=1906}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plin., ''Paneg.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/cplinicaecilisec00plin/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Panegyricus |last=Pliny the Younger |first= |year=1912}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plut., ''Coriol.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg016 |title=Caius Marcius Coriolanus |last=Plutarch |first= |year=1916}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plut., ''de Garrul.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg101 |title=De garrulitate |last=Plutarch |first= |year=1891}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plutarch. * Plutarch., ''Agid. et Cleom.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/plutarchslives10plut/page/2/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Agis and Cleomenes |last=Plutarch |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plutarch., ''Alex.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg047 |title=Alexander |last=Plutarch |first= |year=1919}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plutarch., ''Anton.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg058 |title=Antonius |last=Plutarch |first= |year=1920}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plutarch., ''Crass.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg039 |title=Crassus |last=Plutarch |first= |year=1916}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plutarch., ''Galb.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg065 |title=Galba |last=Plutarch |first= |year=1926}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plutarch., ''Gracch.'' * Plutarch., ''Lysand.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg032 |title=Lysander |last=Plutarch |first= |year=1916}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plutarch., ''Paul. Aemil.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg019 |title=Aemilius Paulus |last=Plutarch |first= |year=1918}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plutarch., ''Pericl.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg012 |title=Pericles |last=Plutarch |first= |year=1916}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Plutarch., ''T. Gracch.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg052a |title=Tiberius Gracchus |last=Plutarch |first= |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-11-24) * Poet. vet. ap. Quint. * Poet Vet. in ''Antholog. Lat.'' (Burman.) * Pollux (see Pollux, ''Onomast'') * Pollux, ''Onomast.'' (Libri I-V): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/pollucisonomasti01polluoft/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Onomasticon (Libri I-V) |last=Pollux |first=Julius |year=1900}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Pollux, ''Onomast.'' (Libri VI-X): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/pollucisonomasti02polluoft/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Onomasticon (Libri VI-X) |last=Pollux |first=Julius |year=1900}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Polyb.: {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001 |title=Histories |last=Polybius |first= |year=1882}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Polyb., ''Fr. Hist.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0543.tlg001 |title=Histories |last=Polybius |first= |year=1882}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Pompon. ap. ''Non.'' * Pomp., ''Dig.'' * Pontedera, ''Curae Posth. ad l.'' (?ad Cato, R. R.?) * Porphyr. ''Schol. ad Hor.'' * Porphyr. ad Hor. ''Od.'' * Porphyr. ''in Ptol. Harm.'' * Prince of Biscari, ''Degli antichi Ornamenti e Trastulli de' Bambini'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_iTryATKTcuMC |title=Ragionamento a madama N. N. sopra gli antichi ornamenti e trastulli de' bambini |last=Paternò Castello |first=Ignazio principe di Biscari |year=1781}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Procop., ''de Aedific. Justin.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_zRyEVldIO-0C/page/n1/mode/2up |title=De Iustiniani imp. aedificiis libri sex |last=Procopius |first= |year=1537}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Procop., ''Goth.'' * Procul., ''Dig.'' * ''Procuratori Baphii Cissae Histriae'' (siehe ev. Carli, ''Antich. Ital.'') * Propert.: {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0620.phi001 |title=Elegiae |last=Propertius |first=Sextus |year=1898}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Prud., ''Apoth.'': {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0238.stoa005.perseus-lat2:1 |title=Apotheosis |last=Propertius |first=Sextus}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Prudent., ''Cathem.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0238.stoa004 |title=Cathemerina |last=Prudentius |first=Aurelius Clemens |year=1949}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Prudent., ''Hamart.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0238.stoa006 |title=Hamartigenia |last=Prudentius |first=Aurelius Clemens |year=1949}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Prud., ''Peri Steph.'' (im Text in Griechisch, siehe ''Brabeum''): {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0238.stoa001.perseus-lat2:1 |title=Liber Peristephanon |last=Prudentius |first=Aurelius Clemens}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Prud., ''Psychom.'': {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0238.stoa002.perseus-lat2:pr |title=Psychomachia |last=Prudentius |first=Aurelius Clemens}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Prudent., ''in Symmach.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0238.stoa007 |title=Contra Symmachum |last=Prudentius |first=Aurelius Clemens |year=1949-1953}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * P. Scipio ap. Macrob. ''Sat.'' * Quaranta., ''Mus. Borb.'' * Quint. * Quint., ''Declam.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=2NNnA99cyGkC&redir_esc=y |title=Declamationes Minores |last=Quintilianus |first=Marcus Fabius |year=1884}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Quint., ''Declam.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/quintilianiquaef00lehnuoft |title=Declamationes Maiores |last=Quintilianus |first=Marcus Fabius |year=1905}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Quint., ''Inst.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0059 |title=Institutio Oratoria, Preface, Books 1-3 |last=Quintilianus |first=Marcus Fabius |year=1922}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Quint., ''Inst.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0062 |title=Institutio Oratoria, Books 4-6 |last=Quintilianus |first=Marcus Fabius |year=1922}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Quint., ''Inst.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0065 |title=Institutio Oratoria, Books 7-9 |last=Quintilianus |first=Marcus Fabius |year=1922}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Quint., ''Inst.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0068 |title=Institutio Oratoria, Books 10-12 |last=Quintilianus |first=Marcus Fabius |year=1922}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Q. Cic., ''Pet. Cons.'' * Reines., ''Inscr.'' * Rheines, ''Syntagm. Inscript.'' * Rhemn. Fann., ''de Pond. et Mens.'' * Rhodius * Riddle * ''Riddle's English-Latin Dictionary'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/completeenglishl00ridd/page/n3/mode/2up |title=A complete English-Latin and Latin-English dictionary |last=Riddle |first=Joseph Esmond |year=1843}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Romanelli, ''Topogr. Napolitan.'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/romanelli1815bd1 |title=Antica topografia istorica del regno di Napoli (Vol. 1) |last=Romanelli |first=Domenico |year=1815}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Romanelli, ''Topogr. Napolitan.'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/romanelli1818bd2 |title=Antica topografia istorica del regno di Napoli (Vol. 2) |last=Romanelli |first=Domenico |year=1818}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Romanelli, ''Viagg. a Pompei'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/romanelli1811 |title=Viaggio a Pompei a Pesto e di ritorno ad Ercolano |last=Romanelli |first=Domenico |year=1811}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Ruperti, ''ad Suet. Aug.'' * Ruperti, ''ad Juv.'' * Rutil., ''Itiner.'' * Sallust, ''Cat.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0631.phi001 |title=Catilinae Coniuratio |last=Sallustius Crispus |first=Gaius |year=1919}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Sallust, ''Fragm. ap. Non.'' * Sallust, ''Fragm. Incert.'' (ed. Gerlach.) * Sallust, ''Hist.'' ap. Non. * Sallust, ''Jugurth.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0631.phi002 |title=Bellum Iugurthinum |last=Sallustius Crispus |first=Gaius |year=1919}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Salmas., ''de Mod. Usur.'' * Salmas ad Lamprid, ''Alex. Sev.'' * Salmas ad Solin. * Samas. (ev. Salmas?), ''ad Tertull. de Pall.'' * Salvian., ''Gub D.'' * Scaev., ''Dig.'' * Scheffer, ''Mil. Nav.'' * Scheffer, ''Mil. Nav. Addend.'' * Scheffer, ''Re Vehic.'' * Schilte ad Kircher. ''Musurg.'' * Schneider (zu Columell.?) * Schneider (zu R. R.?) * Schneider, ''Index R. R. Script.'' * Schneider (zu Vitruv.?) * Schneider, ''de trapeto Catonis'' * Schneider, Index. ''Script. R. R.'' * Schol. Acron. ad Hor. ''Sat.'' * Schol. Aristoph. ''Eq.'' * Schol. ad Thucyd. * Schol. Vet. * Schol. Vet. ap. Juv. ''Sat.'' * Scip. * Scipio Afr. ap. Gell. * Scipio Afr. ap. Macrob. ''Sat.'' * Scribon., ''Compos.'': {{Cite book|url=http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id408083670 |title=Compositiones |last=Scribonius Largus |first= |year=1983}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Seneca, ''Agam.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi007 |title=Agamemnon |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Seneca, ''Apocol.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi011 |title=Apocolocyntosis |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1913}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Benef.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi013 |title=De Beneficiis |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1935}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Brev. Vit.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0255.stoa004 |title=De Brevitate Vitae |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1932}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Cons. ad Marc.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0255.stoa007 |title=De Consolatione ad Marciam |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1932}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Const. Sap.'' * Seneca, ''Contr.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1014.phi001 |title=Controversiae |last=Seneca the Elder |first= |year=1872}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Ep.'' * Seneca, ''Herc. Fur.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi001 |title=Hercules Furens |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Herc. Oet.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi009 |title=Hercules Oetaeus |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Hipp.'' * Seneca, ''Ira'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0255.stoa010 |title=De Ira |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1928}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Med.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi004 |title=Medea |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Octav.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi010 |title=Octavia |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Oed.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi006 |title=Oedipus |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Prov.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0255.stoa012 |title=De Providentia |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1928}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Quaest. Nat.'' * Seneca, ''Suas.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1014.phi003 |title=Suasoriae |last=Seneca the Elder |first= |year=1872}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Tranquill.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0255.stoa013 |title=De Tranquillitate Animi |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1932}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Troad.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi002 |title=Troades |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''Thyest.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1017.phi008 |title=Thyestes |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seneca, ''V. B.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0255.stoa014 |title=De Vita Beata |last=Seneca |first=Lucius Annaeus |year=1932}} (Accessed: 2024-10-10) * Seren. Sammon. * Serv. ad Virg. ''Aen.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0053 |title=Servii Grammatici in Vergilii Aeneidos Librum Primum Commentarius |last=Servius the Grammarian |first= |year=1881}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Serv. ad Virg. ''Bucol..'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0091 |title=Commentary on the Eclogues of Vergil |last=Servius the Grammarian |first= |year=1881}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Serv. ad Virg. ''Georg.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0092 |title=Commentary on the Georgics of Vergil |last=Servius the Grammarian |first= |year=1881}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Sever., ''Aetn.'' * Sext. Ruf., ''de Reg. Urb.'' * Sicul. Flacc., ''de Condit. Agror.'' (Goes.) * Sidon., ''Carm.'' * Sidon., ''Epist.'' (I-IX): {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0261.stoa0002 |title=Epistulae |last=Sidonius Apollinaris |first= |year=1936}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Sidon., ''in conc. post Epist.'' * Sidon. Apoll., ''Carm.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0261.stoa0001 |title=Carmina |last=Sidonius Apollinaris |first= |year=1936}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Sil. Ital.: {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1345.phi001 |title=Punica |last=Silius Italicus |first= |year=1905}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Simpl. ap. Goes. * Sisenna. ap. Non. * Sisenna ap. Charis * Solin. * Soph., ''Ag.'' * Soph., ''Electr.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg005 |title=Electra |last=Sophocles |first= |year=1913}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Soph., ''Oed. T.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg004 |title=Oedipus Tyrannus |last=Sophocles |first= |year=1912}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Soph., ''Tr.'' (see Soph., ''Trachin.'') * Soph., ''Trachin.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0011.tlg001 |title=Trachiniae |last=Sophocles |first= |year=1913}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Spanheim * Spanheim ad Callim. ''Hymn. in Dian.'' * Spart., ''Ael. Ver.'' * Spart., ''Caracall.'' * Spart., ''Hadr.'' * Spart., ''Pescenn. Nig.'' * Spart., ''Sev.'' * Spon., ''Miscell. Erud. Ant.'' * Spon., ''Recherches'' * Spratt and Forbes, ''Travels in Lycia'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsinlyciami01spra/page/n9/mode/2up |title=Travels in Lycia, Milyas, and the Cibyratis (Vol. 1) |last=Spratt |first=Thomas Abel Brimage |year=1847}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Spratt and Forbes, ''Travels in Lycia'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsinlyciami02spra/page/n9/mode/2up |title=Travels in Lycia, Milyas, and the Cibyratis (Vol. 2) |last=Spratt |first=Thomas Abel Brimage |year=1847}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Stackelberg, ''Gräb. d. Hell.'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/stackelberg1837 |title=Die Gräber der Hellenen |last=Stackelberg |first=Otto Magnus von |year=1837}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Stat., ''Achill.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1020.phi003 |title=Achilleis |last=Statius |first=Publius Papinius |year=1928}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Stat., ''Sylv.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1020.phi002 |title=Silvae |last=Statius |first=Publius Papinius |year=1928}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Statius, ''Theb.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1020.phi001 |title=Thebais |last=Statius |first=Publius Papinius |year=1928}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Staunton * Strabo ed. Siebenk.: {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001 |title=Geography |last= |first=Strabo |year=1877}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Stuart, ''Antiq. of Athens'' (Vol. 1): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/stuart1825bd1 |title=The antiquities of Athens (Vol. 1) |last= |first=Stuart |year=1825}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Stuart, ''Antiq. of Athens'' (Vol. 2): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/stuart1825bd2 |title=The antiquities of Athens (Vol. 2) |last= |first=Stuart |year=1825}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Stuart, ''Antiq. of Athens'' (Vol. 3): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/stuart1827bd3 |title=The antiquities of Athens (Vol. 3) |last= |first=Stuart |year=1827}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Stuart, ''Antiq. of Athens'' (Vol. 4): {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/stuart1830bd4 |title=The antiquities of Athens (Vol. 4): The antiquities of Athens and other places in Greece, Sicily etc.: supplementary to the antiquities of Athens |last= |first=Stuart |year=1830}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Suet., ''Aug.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo012 |title=Divus Augustus |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Cal.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo014 |title=Caligula |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Claud.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo015 |title=Divus Claudius |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Dom.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo022 |title=Domitianus |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Galb.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo017 |title=Galba |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Gramm.'' * Suet., ''Jul.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo011 |title=Divus Julius |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Nero'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo016 |title=Nero |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Octav.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo012 |title=Divus Augustus |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Otho'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo018 |title=Otho |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Tib.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo013 |title=Tiberius |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Tit.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo021 |title=Divus Titus |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Vesp.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo020 |title=Divus Vespasianus |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Suet., ''Vitell.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1348.abo019 |title=Vitellius |last=Suetonius Tranquillus |first=Gaius |year=1908}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Suidas: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_muMfQ3EzcKUC_2 |title=Suidas |last=Anon. |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-17) * Sulpic. ad Cic. ''Fam.'' * Sulp. Sev. * Sulp. Sev., ''Dial.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_muMfQ3EzcKUC_2 |title=Suidas |last=Anon. |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Sulp. Sev., ''Hist. Sacr.'' * Symeoni, ''Epitaffi Antichi'' (Lione, 1557): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_muMfQ3EzcKUC_2 |title=Suidas |last=Anon. |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Symm., ''Ep.'' * Sympos. * Sympos., ''Aenigm.'' * Tac., ''Ann.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1351.phi005 |title=Annales |last=Tacitus |first=Cornelius |year=1906}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Tac., ''Germ.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1351.phi002 |title=De Origine et Situ Germanorum Liber |last=Tacitus |first=Cornelius |year=1900}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Tac., ''Hist.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1351.phi004 |title=Historiae |last=Tacitus |first=Cornelius |year=1910}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Terent., ''Adelph.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0134.phi006 |title=Adelphi |last=Terentius Afer |first=Publius |year=1857}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Ter., ''Eun.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0134.phi003 |title=Eunuchus |last=Terentius Afer |first=Publius |year=1857}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Ter., ''Heautontim.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0134.phi002 |title=Heautontimorumenos |last=Terentius Afer |first=Publius |year=1857}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Terent., ''Hecyr.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0134.phi005 |title=Hecyra |last=Terentius Afer |first=Publius |year=1857}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Ter., ''Phorm.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0134.phi004 |title=Phormio |last=Terentius Afer |first=Publius |year=1857}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Tertull., ''Anim.'' * Tertull., ''Apol.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0275.stoa009 |title=Apologeticum |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1931}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Tertull., ''Carm. de Jona et Ninive'' * Tertull., ''ad Hermog.''???: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/corpusscriptoru17wiengoog/page/125/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Adversus Hermogenem |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1906}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Tertull., ''ad Nation.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/corpusscriptoru24wissgoog/page/n78/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Ad nationes libri duo |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1866}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Tertull., ''ad Scapul.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/quintiseptimiif04tertgoog/page/538/mode/2up |title=Ad scapulam |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1853}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Tertull., ''Habit. Mil.'' * Tertull., ''adv. Hermog.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/corpusscriptoru17wiengoog/page/125/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Adversus Hermogenem |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1906}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Tertull., ''adv. Jud.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=z5AOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA699&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Adversus Iudaeos |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1854}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Tertull., ''adv. Marc.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/corpusscriptoru17wiengoog/page/289/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Adversus Marcionem |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1906}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Tertull., ''Coron. Mil.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/quintiseptimiif04tertgoog/page/414/mode/2up |title=De Corona |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1853}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Tertull., ''(de) Cult. Foem.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/quintiseptimiif04tertgoog/page/700/mode/2up |title=De Cultu Feminarum |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1853}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Tertull., ''Pall.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/quintiseptimiif04tertgoog/page/912/mode/2up |title=De Pallio |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1853}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Tertull., ''Poen.'' (ev. ''P<ae>n.''?): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/quintiseptimiif04tertgoog/page/642/mode/2up |title=De paenitentia |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1853}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Tertull., ''Praescr.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=z5AOAAAAQAAJ&hl=de&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=De praescriptione haereticorum |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1854}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Tertull., ''de Spectac.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0275.stoa027 |title=De Spectaculis |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1931}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Tertull., ''Virg. Veland.'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=O5gUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA881&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=De Virginibus Velandis |last=Tertullianus |first=Quintus Septimius Florens |year=1853}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Theocr., ''Idyl.'' * Theophrast., ''Hist. Plant.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/view/bsb10209798?page=5 |title=De historia plantarum libri decem |last=Theophrastus Eresius |first= |year=1644}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Thucyd.: {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001 |title=The Peloponnesian War |last=Thucydides |first= |year=1942}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Tibull.: (Accessed: ) * Tiro ap. Gell. * Titin. ap. Non. * Titinnius (vermutlich identisch mit letztem) * Tischbein * Townsend, ''Itinerary'' * Trajan. ad Plin. ''Ep.'' * Trebell., ''Claud.'' * Trebell., ''Gallien.'' * Trebell., ''Trig. Tyrann.'' * Turnbull, ''Treatise on Ancient Painting'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008696383/page/n5/mode/2up |title=A treatise on ancient painting |last=Turnbull |first=George |year=1740}} (Accessed: 2024-11-05) * Turnebus, ''Advers.'' * Tzetz, ''ad Lycophr.'' * Uggeri, ''Capo di Bove'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/uggeri-journees-pittoresques-des-edifices-de-rome-ancienne-t.-4-1804-6/mode/2up |title=Journées pittoresques des édifices antiques dans les environs de Rome. T. 4, P. 1: Capo di Bove et vallée des camènes. |last=Uggeri |first=Angelo |year=1804}} (Accessed: 2024-11-25) * Ulp., ''Dig.'' * Val. Flacc.: {{Cite book|url=https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1035.phi001.perseus-lat2:1.1-1.30/ |title=Argonautica |last=Valerius Flaccus |first=Gaius |year=1913}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Valerius Maximus: {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1038.phi001 |title=Facta et Dicta Memorabilia |last=Valerius Maximus |first= |year=1888}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Val. Max., ''Ext.'' * Valerian. ''in Epist. ap. Trebell. Claud.'' * Varro, ap. Non. * Varro, ''L. L.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/marcusdelingua00varruoft/page/liv/mode/2up?view=theater |title=De lingua Latina |last=Varro |first=Marcus Terentius |year=1910}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Varro, ''R. R.'': {{Cite book|url=https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/106869/1 |title=Rerum rusticarum libri tres |last=Varro |first=Marcus Terentius |year=1929}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Varro, ''De Vit. Pop. Ro. ap. Non.'' * Vatican Virgil: {{Cite book|url=https://digi.vatlib.it/mss/detail/Vat.lat.3225 |title=Vatican Virgil |last=Vergilius Maro |first=Publius}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Vatican Virgil (renditions of the pictures in the Vatican Virgil): {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/gri_33125014905331/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Virgilii picturae antiquae ex codicibus vaticanis |last= |first= |year=1835}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Veget., ''Mil.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/flavivegetirenat00vegeuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Epitoma Rei Militaris |last=Vegetius Renatus |first=Flavius |year=1885}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Veget., ''Mul. Med.'' oder ''Mulom.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/pvegetirenatidi00lommgoog/page/n2/mode/2up |title=P. Vegeti Renati Digestorum artis mulomedicinae libri |last=Vegetius Renatus |first=Flavius |year=1903}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Veget., ''Vet.'' * Vell.: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/compendiumofroma00velluoft/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Res gestae divi Augusti |last=Velleius Paterculus |first= |year=1924}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Vell. Pat.: {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/compendiumofroma00velluoft/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Res gestae divi Augusti |last=Velleius Paterculus |first= |year=1924}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Velser, ''Histor. Augustan.'': {{Cite book|url=https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Historia_Augusta |title=Historia Augusta |last=Anonymous |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Venant., ''Carm.'': {{Cite book|url=https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00000790/images/index.html?fip=193.174.98.30&seite=29&pdfseitex= |title=Carminum epistularum expositionum libri undecim |last=Venantius Fortunatus |first= |year=1881}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Virg., ''Aen.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0690.phi003 |title=Aeneid |last=Vergilius Maro |first=Publius |year=1900}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Virg., ''Catalect.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/operavirg04virguoft/page/144/mode/2up |title=Catalecta |last=Appendix Vergiliana |first= |year=1868}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Virg., ''Cir.'' / ''Ciris.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/operavirg04virguoft/page/96/mode/2up |title=Ciris |last=Appendix Vergiliana |first= |year=1868}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Virg., ''Copa'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/operavirg04virguoft/page/128/mode/2up |title=Copa |last=Appendix Vergiliana |first= |year=1868}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Virg., ''Cul.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/operavirg04virguoft/page/62/mode/2up |title=Culex |last=Appendix Vergiliana |first= |year=1868}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Virg., ''Ecl.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0690.phi001 |title=Eclogae |last=Vergilius Maro |first=Publius |year=1900}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Virg., ''Georg.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0690.phi002 |title=Georgicon |last=Vergilius Maro |first=Publius |year=1900}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Virg., ''Moret.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/poetaelatinimino02baehuoft/page/178/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Morteum |last=Appendix Vergiliana |first= |year=1879-1888}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Virg., ''Pervigil. Ven.'' * Visconti, ''Inscript. Triop.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/iscrizionigreche00visc/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Iscrizioni greche triopee, ora borghesiane : con versioni ed osservazioni |last=Visconti |first=Ennio Quirino |year=1794}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Visconti, ''Lettera al Sigr. Giuseppe Carnveali, sopra alcuni Vasi sepolcrali rinvenuti nella vicinanza della antica Alba Longa'': {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.at/books?id=V2rt2v9Ntx0C |title=Lettera del signor dottore Alessandro Visconti al signor Giuseppe Carnevali di Albano sopra alcuni vasi sepolcrali rinvenuti nelle vicinanze della antica Alba-Longa |last=Visconti |first=Alessandro |year=1817}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Visconti, ''Mus. Pio. Clem.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/museepieclementi01visc/page/n7/mode/2up |title=Musée Pie-Clémentin: Tome Premier |last=Visconti |first=Ennio Quirino |year=1818}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Visconti, ''Mus. Pio. Clem.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/museepieclementi02visc/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Musée Pie-Clémentin: Tome Deuxième |last=Visconti |first=Ennio Quirino |year=1819}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Visconti, ''Mus. Pio. Clem.'': {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/museepieclementi03visc/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Musée Pie-Clémentin: Tome Troisième |last=Visconti |first=Ennio Quirino |year=1820}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Vitruv.: {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:latinLit:phi1056.phi001 |title=De Architectura |last=Vitruvius |first= |year=1912}} (Accessed: 2024-11-06) * Vitruv., ''Compend.'' * Vopisc., ''Bonos.'' * Vopisc., ''Carin.'' * Vopisc., ''Prob.'' * Vopisc., ''Saturn.'' * Vopisc., ''Tac.'' * Vulg., ''Exod.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg002.perseus-lat1 |title=Exodus |last=Saint Jerome |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Vulg., ''1. Kings'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg013.perseus-lat1 |title=1 Kings |last=Saint Jerome |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Vulg., ''Levit.'': {{Cite book|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0527.tlg003.perseus-lat1 |title=Leviticus |last=Saint Jerome |first=}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Wernsdorf (e.g. "Poet Lat. Min. ap. Wernsdorf") * Wesseling ad Diodor. Sic. * Wilkinson, ''Ancient Egyptians'' bzw. ''Manners and Customs of Ancient Egyptians'' * Wilkinson, ''Manners and Customs of the Egyptians'' * Winkelm., ''Cab. Stosch.'' * Wink., ''Mon. Ant. Ined.: {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/winckelmann1767ga?ui_lang=eng |title=Monumenti antichi inediti |last=Winckelmann |first=Johann Joachim |year=1767}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Wink., ''Mon. Ined.'': {{Cite book|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/winckelmann1767ga?ui_lang=eng |title=Monumenti antichi inediti |last=Winckelmann |first=Johann Joachim |year=1767}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Wink., ''Pierres gravées'': {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/16588 |title=Description des pierres gravées du feu baron de Stosch dediée a son eminence monseigneur le cardinal Aléxandre Albani par m. l'abbé Winckelmann bibliothecaire de son eminence |last=Winckelmann |first=Johann Joachim |year=1760}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Wink., ''Storia delle Arti'': {{Cite book|url=https://arachne.dainst.org/entity/2087673 |title=Storia delle arti del disegno presso gli antichi |last=Winckelmann |first=Johann Joachim |year=1779}} (Accessed: 2024-10-14) * Wunder., ''Codex Erfutens.'' * Xen., ''Anab.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg006 |title=Anabasis |last=Xenophon |first= |year=1904}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Xen., ''Cyrop.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg007 |title=Cyropaedia |last=Xenophon |first= |year=1910}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Xen., ''Equest.'' (see Xen., ''R. Equest.'') * Xen., ''Hell.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001 |title=Hellenica |last=Xenophon |first= |year=1900}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Xen., ''R. Equest.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg013.perseus-grc1 |title=De re equestri |last=Xenophon |first= |year=1920}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Xen., ''Symp.'': {{Cite book|url=http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg004 |title=Symposium |last=Xenophon |first= |year=1921}} (Accessed: 2024-10-09) * Xenophon., ''Hellen.'' (see Xen., ''Hell.'') [[Category:Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary|*]] == Requirements == All recommended editions should be ''freely available.'' This means, that access is both unrestricted and for free. This usually entails that these texts are in the public domain or licensed under one of the ''Creative Commons''-licenses. The point of this is to enable to provide references to Latin and Greek passages (and other cited texts) which lead to freely accessible online editions of these texts. No amount of money must be charged to access them, and no login-data be necessary in order to access these texts. The user should also be able to download these texts. Recommended editions should be fully digital editions, that is, the text has been transcribed instead of pages merely having been scanned and made available as images. Where ''free'' editions of such digital texts are unavailable, scanned books can be used as well, however. == Selection criteria for primary resources == Texts are selected from the following sources and in the following order (e.g. Perseus Digital Library is preferred, where available): # [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/ Perseus Digital Library]: Editions of Latin and Greek texts available at the ''Perseus Digital Library'' should be chosen, if these are either in the public domain or shared using a ''Creative Commmons''-license. ''Perseus'' provides mostly "canonical" texts. # [https://www.opengreekandlatin.org/ Open Greek & Latin] and the [https://scaife.perseus.org/library/ Scaife Viewer]: Where ''Perseus'' does not offer an author or specific text, this site is next in line. # Online editions which meet the above requirements and allow links to a specific page (or even passage) of the text in question. Web-sites providing such a functionality are, for example: Archive.org, Gallica. # Online editions, which meet the above requirements but do not allow links to a specific page. These editions should be a last resort, however. == External links == * [https://creativecommons.org/ Creative Commons]: This organization provides templates for copyright licenses, which using and sharing content less restrictive. * [https://archive.org Archive.org] * [https://gallica.bnf.fr Gallica] [[Category:Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary|*]] [[Category:RICH-2K/Project pages]] bf6inaotsm6l2amvaas7pa47d2om7zp 0 313603 2688867 2677852 2024-11-26T04:07:20Z JackBot 238563 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[Soft properties of Boolean functions]] 2688867 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Soft properties of Boolean functions]] s2ogg6bcja3r3p1r81x50dvr0gszfy5 0 316595 2688774 2688773 2024-11-25T11:59:49Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Dependence of integral boundaries 1 */ 2688774 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== The ''Curve'', '''Line''', '''Path'' or '''Conture integral''' expands the standard integral term for the [[w:de:Integralrechnung|Integration]] in the complex plane ([[w:de:Funktionentheorie|Funktionentheorie]]) or in the multidimensional space ((702-53532189). The [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weg]], the line or the [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)|Kurve]], via which is integrated, is called the ''integration path''. Wegintegrale over [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)#Geschlossene Kurven|''geschlossene'' Kurven]] are also referred to as ''Ringintegral', '''Umlaufintegral''<ref name="cite2"> Klaus Knothe, Heribert Wessels: Finite Elemente. Eine Einführung für Ingenieure. 3. Auflage. 1999, ISBN 3-540-64491-1, S. 524.</ref> or ''Zirkulation''' and are written with the symbol <math display="inline"> \textstyle \oint </math>. ==Real-valued Line Integrale== A path <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is given which is imaged from an interval (e.g. interpreted as a time interval) into the vector space <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t) \in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the place where the value is <math display="inline"> t\in [a,b] </math>. The difference is * Line integral first type and * Line integral second type. ==Pathintegral first type== [[File:Line_integral_of_scalar_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals erster Art über ein Skalarfeld]] The path integral of a steady [[w:de:Funktion (Mathematik)|Funktion]] : <math display="inline"> f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R} </math> along a continuously differentiable piece [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weges]] <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is defined as :<math display="block"> \int\limits_\gamma \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \, \| {\gamma \,}'(t) \|_2 \,\mathrm{d} t. </math> ===Deduction of the path=== <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}' </math> refers to the derivation from <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> to <math display="inline"> t </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> are a vector. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\dots ,\gamma_n) </math>. ===Remark - Component functions=== The component functions <math display="inline"> \gamma_i : [a,b] \to \mathbb{R} </math> are illustrations for which the derivation with the knowledge from the real analysis can be calculated. ===Example of a path and its derivation=== A differentiable path is defined first <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> with :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \gamma: & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & \gamma \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \cdot \cos(t) \\ 3 \cdot \sin(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> The track of the path forms an ellipse with the half axes 5 and 3. ====Derivation of the path in the two-dimensional space==== The derivation <math display="inline"> {\gamma }' </math> of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> results directly from the derivation of the component functions :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} {\gamma }': & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & {\gamma }' \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} - 5 \cdot \sin(t) \\ 3 \cdot \cos(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> ===Example - Deduction of the Way in the Three-dimensional Space=== Now a vector is <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)= (\cos(t),\sin(t),t) \in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t) = (- \sin(t),\cos(t), 1)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math>. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\gamma_2,\gamma_3) </math>. ==Task== Draw the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^2 </math> (Ellipse) and plotted the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^3 </math> with [[CAS4Wiki|CAS4Wiki]] plots. ===Vector length of the derivation vector of the path=== <math display="inline"> \|{\gamma \,}'(t)\|_2 </math> indicates the [[w:eb:Euclidean_space#Euclidean_norm|Euclidian norm]] of the vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma\,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Picture of the path - track=== The [[w:de:Bildmenge|Bildmenge]] <math display="inline"> \mbox{Spur}(\gamma) := \mathcal C := \gamma([a,b]) </math> of one piece [[w:en:Curve#Differential_geometry|differentiable curve]] in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> should not be confused with the graph of a curve which is a part of the <math display="inline"> [a,b] \times \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Notes=== * An example of such a function <math display="inline"> f </math> is a [[w:de:Skalarfeld|Skalarfeld]] with [[w:de:Kartesisches Koordinatensystem|kartesischen Koordinaten]]. * A path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> can pass through a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> either as a whole or only in sections several times. * For <math display="inline"> f \equiv 1 </math>, the path integral of the first type gives the length of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>. * The path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> forms, inter alia <math display="inline"> a \in \mathbb{R} </math> on the starting point of the curve and <math display="inline"> b \in \mathbb{R} </math> on its end point. * <math display="inline"> t \in [a,b] </math> is an element of the definition set of <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> and is generally ''not' for time. <math display="inline"> \mathrm dt </math> is the corresponding [[w:de:Differential (Mathematik)|Differential]]. ==Pathintegral second type== [[File:Line_integral_of_vector_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals zweiter Art über ein Vektorfeld]] The path integral over a steady [[w:de:Vektorfeld|Vektorfeld]] : <math display="inline"> \mathbf f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n </math> with a curve also parameterized in this way is defined as the integral over the [[w:de:Skalarprodukt|Skalarprodukt]] of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} \circ \gamma </math> and <math display="inline"> \dot\gamma </math>: : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \! \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \! \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm{d} t </math> ===Influence of parameterization=== If <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta\colon[c,d]\to\mathbb R^n </math> 'simplified' (d. h, <math display="inline"> \gamma_{|(a,b)} </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta_{|(c,d)} </math> are identical This justifies the name ''Kurvenintegral''; if the direction of integration is visible or irrelevant, the path in the notation can be suppressed. ===Curve integrals=== Since a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the image of a path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>, the definitions of the curve integrals essentially correspond to the path integrals. ====Curve integral 1. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal C} \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \| {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \|_2 \, \mathrm{d} t </math> ====Curve integral 2. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\mathrm d\mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm dt </math> ====Length of curve==== A special case is again the length of the curve parameterized by <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math>: : <math display="inline"> \mathrm{L\ddot ange\ von\ }\mathcal C = \int\limits_{\mathcal C} 1 \, \mathrm{d}s = \int\limits_a^b\| {\gamma\,}'(t) \|_2\,\mathrm dt </math> ===Displacement element and length element=== The expression occurring in the first type of curves : <math display="inline"> \mathrm ds= \|{\gamma\,}'(t)\|_2 \, \mathrm dt </math> is called ''skalar path element' or 'length element''. The expression occurring in the second type of curve integrals :<math display="block"> \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = {\gamma\,}' (t)\,\mathrm dt </math> is called 'vectorial path element'. ===Rules of Procedure=== Be <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math>, <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) </math> Curve integrals of the same type (i.e. either both first or second type), be the original image of the two functions <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{g} </math> of the same dimension and be (698104789). The following rules apply to <math display="inline"> \alpha </math>, <math display="inline"> \beta\in \mathbb R </math> and <math display="inline"> c\in\mathbb [a, b] </math>: * <math display="inline"> \alpha\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_\gamma (\alpha\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x})) </math> * <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[a, c]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[c, b]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math> ==Notation for curve integrals of closed curves== If <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is a closed way, you write : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\int\limits_\gamma </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\gamma </math> and similar for closed curves <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle \int\limits_\mathcal C </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\mathcal C </math>. With the circle in the Integral one would like to make clear that <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is closed. The only difference is in the notation. ==Examples== * If <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the [[w:de:Funktionsgraph|Graph]] of a function <math display="inline"> f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R </math>, this curve will be passed through the path :: <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R^2,\quad t\mapsto(t,f(t)) </math> : parametrized. About :: <math display="inline"> \|\dot\gamma(t)\|_2=\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2} </math> : the length of the curve is equal :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C\mathrm ds = \int\limits_a^b\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2}\,\mathrm dt. </math> * A [[w:de:Ellipse|Ellipse]] with large half-axis <math display="inline"> a </math> and small half-axis <math display="inline"> b </math> is parameterized by <math display="inline"> (a\cos t, \, b\sin t) </math> for <math display="inline"> t\in[0,2\pi] </math>. Your scope is therefore :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_0^{2\pi}\sqrt{a^2\sin^2t+b^2\cos^2t}\,\mathrm dt = 4a\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\cos^2t}\;\mathrm dt </math>. : In this case <math display="inline"> \varepsilon </math> refers to the [[w:de:Exzentrizität (Mathematik)|numerische Exzentrizität]] <math display="inline"> \sqrt{1-b^2/a^2} </math> of the ellipse. The integral on the right is referred to as [[w:de:elliptisches Integral|elliptisches Integral]] due to this connection. ==Way-independent== If a vector field <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> is a ''[[w:de:Gradientenfeld|Gradientenfeld]]', i.e. : <math display="inline"> \mathbf{\nabla} V = \mathbf{F} </math>, This applies to [[w:de:Differentialrechnung|Ableitung]] of [[w:de:Komposition (Mathematik)|Verkettung]] of <math display="inline"> V </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math> : <math display="inline"> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) = \mathbf{\nabla} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) = \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) </math>, which exactly corresponds to the integral of the path integral over <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> to <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math>. ===Dependence of integral boundaries 1=== This follows for a given curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\,\mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_a^b \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t))\cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t)\,\mathrm dt = \int\limits_a^b \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \,\mathrm dt = V(\mathbf{r}(b)) - V(\mathbf{r}(a)). </math> === Visualization === The following image show two arbitrary curves <math>S1</math> and <math>S2</math> in a Gradient vector field connecting point <math>1</math> with point <math>2</math>. [[File:Konservative_Kraft_Wege.svg|350px|center|two arbitrary curves 'S1' and 'S2' in a Gradient vector field connecting point 1 with point 2.]] ===Dependence of integral boundaries 2=== This means that the integral of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> over <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> depends solely on points <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(b) </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(a) </math> and the path between them is irrelevant to the result. For this reason, the integral of a gradient field is referred to as “displaced”. ===Remark - closed paths - Ringintegral=== In particular, the ring integral applies to the closed curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> with two arbitrary paths <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_1 </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_2 </math>: : <math display="inline"> \oint\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_{1,\mathcal{S}_1}^2 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} + \int\limits_{2,\mathcal{S}_2}^1 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = 0 </math> ===Application in Physics=== This is particularly important in [[w:de:Physik|Physik]], since, for example, the [[w:de:Gravitation|Gravitation]] has these properties. Since the energy in these force fields is always a conservation variable, they are referred to in physics as [[w:de:konservative Kraft|konservative Kraft]]. ===Scaler fields - Potential energy=== The scalar field <math display="inline"> V </math> is the [[w:de:Skalarpotential|Potential]] or the [[w:de:potentielle Energie|potentielle Energie]]. Conservative force fields receive the mechanical energy, i.e. the sum of [[w:de:Kinetische Energie|kinetischer Energie]] and potential energy. According to the above integral, a work of 0 J is applied on a closed curve overall. ===Number of revolutions=== Path independence can also be shown with the aid of the [[w:de:Integrabilitätsbedingung|Integrabilitätsbedingung]]. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|thumb|links|Die Kurve (698-1047-1732115943789-341-116) umläuft das Zentrum (698-1047-1732115943789-341-117) zweimal]] If the vector field is not possible as a gradient field only in a (small) environment <math display="inline"> U </math> of a point, the closed path integral of curves outside <math display="inline"> U </math> is proportional to the number of turns around this point and otherwise independent of the exact curve (see [[w:de:Algebraische Topologie#Methodik|Algebraische Topologie: Methodik]]). ===Remark - Complex pathintegrale=== If <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> is replaced by <math display="inline"> \mathbb{C} </math>, complex pathintegrales are treated which are treated in the [[Complex Analysis]]. ==Literature== * [[w:de:Harro Heuser|Harro Heuser]]: ''Edubook of Analysis - Part 2''. 1981, 5th edition, Teubner 1990, ISBN 3-519-422-0. 369, sentence 180.1; p. 391, sentence 184.1; p. 393, sentence 185.1. ==Individual evidence== <references /> [[Category:Integralbegriff|Integralbegriff]] [[Category:Funktionentheorie|Funktionentheorie]] [[Category:Vektoranalysis|Vektoranalysis]] ==See also== * [[Complex Analysis]] * [[Measure theory on topological spaces]] ==Page information== You can represent this learning resource as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Foliensatz]''. ===Wiki2Reveal=== This '[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurvenintegral&author=Kurven:Function theory&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&course=Kurs:Function theory <!-- * The content of the page is based on the following content: ** [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral] -> * [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral The page] was created as a document type [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE]. * Link to the source in Wikiversity: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral * see also further information on [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] and under [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Kurvenintegral&author=Kurs:Funktionentheorie&language=de&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Kurvenintegral&coursetitle=Kurs:Funktionentheorie Wiki2Reveal-Linkgenerator]. <!-- * Next content of the course is [[]] -->; ===Wikipedia2Wikiversity=== This page was created on the basis of the following [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikipedia source]: * [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Kurvenintegral] https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral * Date: 20.10.2024 * [https://niebert.github.io/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Konverter]: https://niebert.github.io/Wikipedia2Wikiversity [[Category:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] == Page Information == === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * [[v:de::Kurvenintegral|Kurvenintegral]] - URL: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Kurvenintegral]]</noinclude> <!-- <noinclude>[[en:Curve integral]]</noinclude> --> m2fbgn7axdqws5c9elv7jnw0z3257dl 2688775 2688774 2024-11-25T12:00:16Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Page information */ 2688775 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== The ''Curve'', '''Line''', '''Path'' or '''Conture integral''' expands the standard integral term for the [[w:de:Integralrechnung|Integration]] in the complex plane ([[w:de:Funktionentheorie|Funktionentheorie]]) or in the multidimensional space ((702-53532189). The [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weg]], the line or the [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)|Kurve]], via which is integrated, is called the ''integration path''. Wegintegrale over [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)#Geschlossene Kurven|''geschlossene'' Kurven]] are also referred to as ''Ringintegral', '''Umlaufintegral''<ref name="cite2"> Klaus Knothe, Heribert Wessels: Finite Elemente. Eine Einführung für Ingenieure. 3. Auflage. 1999, ISBN 3-540-64491-1, S. 524.</ref> or ''Zirkulation''' and are written with the symbol <math display="inline"> \textstyle \oint </math>. ==Real-valued Line Integrale== A path <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is given which is imaged from an interval (e.g. interpreted as a time interval) into the vector space <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t) \in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the place where the value is <math display="inline"> t\in [a,b] </math>. The difference is * Line integral first type and * Line integral second type. ==Pathintegral first type== [[File:Line_integral_of_scalar_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals erster Art über ein Skalarfeld]] The path integral of a steady [[w:de:Funktion (Mathematik)|Funktion]] : <math display="inline"> f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R} </math> along a continuously differentiable piece [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weges]] <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is defined as :<math display="block"> \int\limits_\gamma \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \, \| {\gamma \,}'(t) \|_2 \,\mathrm{d} t. </math> ===Deduction of the path=== <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}' </math> refers to the derivation from <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> to <math display="inline"> t </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> are a vector. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\dots ,\gamma_n) </math>. ===Remark - Component functions=== The component functions <math display="inline"> \gamma_i : [a,b] \to \mathbb{R} </math> are illustrations for which the derivation with the knowledge from the real analysis can be calculated. ===Example of a path and its derivation=== A differentiable path is defined first <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> with :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \gamma: & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & \gamma \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \cdot \cos(t) \\ 3 \cdot \sin(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> The track of the path forms an ellipse with the half axes 5 and 3. ====Derivation of the path in the two-dimensional space==== The derivation <math display="inline"> {\gamma }' </math> of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> results directly from the derivation of the component functions :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} {\gamma }': & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & {\gamma }' \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} - 5 \cdot \sin(t) \\ 3 \cdot \cos(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> ===Example - Deduction of the Way in the Three-dimensional Space=== Now a vector is <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)= (\cos(t),\sin(t),t) \in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t) = (- \sin(t),\cos(t), 1)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math>. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\gamma_2,\gamma_3) </math>. ==Task== Draw the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^2 </math> (Ellipse) and plotted the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^3 </math> with [[CAS4Wiki|CAS4Wiki]] plots. ===Vector length of the derivation vector of the path=== <math display="inline"> \|{\gamma \,}'(t)\|_2 </math> indicates the [[w:eb:Euclidean_space#Euclidean_norm|Euclidian norm]] of the vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma\,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Picture of the path - track=== The [[w:de:Bildmenge|Bildmenge]] <math display="inline"> \mbox{Spur}(\gamma) := \mathcal C := \gamma([a,b]) </math> of one piece [[w:en:Curve#Differential_geometry|differentiable curve]] in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> should not be confused with the graph of a curve which is a part of the <math display="inline"> [a,b] \times \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Notes=== * An example of such a function <math display="inline"> f </math> is a [[w:de:Skalarfeld|Skalarfeld]] with [[w:de:Kartesisches Koordinatensystem|kartesischen Koordinaten]]. * A path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> can pass through a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> either as a whole or only in sections several times. * For <math display="inline"> f \equiv 1 </math>, the path integral of the first type gives the length of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>. * The path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> forms, inter alia <math display="inline"> a \in \mathbb{R} </math> on the starting point of the curve and <math display="inline"> b \in \mathbb{R} </math> on its end point. * <math display="inline"> t \in [a,b] </math> is an element of the definition set of <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> and is generally ''not' for time. <math display="inline"> \mathrm dt </math> is the corresponding [[w:de:Differential (Mathematik)|Differential]]. ==Pathintegral second type== [[File:Line_integral_of_vector_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals zweiter Art über ein Vektorfeld]] The path integral over a steady [[w:de:Vektorfeld|Vektorfeld]] : <math display="inline"> \mathbf f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n </math> with a curve also parameterized in this way is defined as the integral over the [[w:de:Skalarprodukt|Skalarprodukt]] of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} \circ \gamma </math> and <math display="inline"> \dot\gamma </math>: : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \! \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \! \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm{d} t </math> ===Influence of parameterization=== If <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta\colon[c,d]\to\mathbb R^n </math> 'simplified' (d. h, <math display="inline"> \gamma_{|(a,b)} </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta_{|(c,d)} </math> are identical This justifies the name ''Kurvenintegral''; if the direction of integration is visible or irrelevant, the path in the notation can be suppressed. ===Curve integrals=== Since a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the image of a path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>, the definitions of the curve integrals essentially correspond to the path integrals. ====Curve integral 1. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal C} \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \| {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \|_2 \, \mathrm{d} t </math> ====Curve integral 2. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\mathrm d\mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm dt </math> ====Length of curve==== A special case is again the length of the curve parameterized by <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math>: : <math display="inline"> \mathrm{L\ddot ange\ von\ }\mathcal C = \int\limits_{\mathcal C} 1 \, \mathrm{d}s = \int\limits_a^b\| {\gamma\,}'(t) \|_2\,\mathrm dt </math> ===Displacement element and length element=== The expression occurring in the first type of curves : <math display="inline"> \mathrm ds= \|{\gamma\,}'(t)\|_2 \, \mathrm dt </math> is called ''skalar path element' or 'length element''. The expression occurring in the second type of curve integrals :<math display="block"> \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = {\gamma\,}' (t)\,\mathrm dt </math> is called 'vectorial path element'. ===Rules of Procedure=== Be <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math>, <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) </math> Curve integrals of the same type (i.e. either both first or second type), be the original image of the two functions <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{g} </math> of the same dimension and be (698104789). The following rules apply to <math display="inline"> \alpha </math>, <math display="inline"> \beta\in \mathbb R </math> and <math display="inline"> c\in\mathbb [a, b] </math>: * <math display="inline"> \alpha\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_\gamma (\alpha\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x})) </math> * <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[a, c]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[c, b]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math> ==Notation for curve integrals of closed curves== If <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is a closed way, you write : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\int\limits_\gamma </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\gamma </math> and similar for closed curves <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle \int\limits_\mathcal C </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\mathcal C </math>. With the circle in the Integral one would like to make clear that <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is closed. The only difference is in the notation. ==Examples== * If <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the [[w:de:Funktionsgraph|Graph]] of a function <math display="inline"> f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R </math>, this curve will be passed through the path :: <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R^2,\quad t\mapsto(t,f(t)) </math> : parametrized. About :: <math display="inline"> \|\dot\gamma(t)\|_2=\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2} </math> : the length of the curve is equal :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C\mathrm ds = \int\limits_a^b\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2}\,\mathrm dt. </math> * A [[w:de:Ellipse|Ellipse]] with large half-axis <math display="inline"> a </math> and small half-axis <math display="inline"> b </math> is parameterized by <math display="inline"> (a\cos t, \, b\sin t) </math> for <math display="inline"> t\in[0,2\pi] </math>. Your scope is therefore :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_0^{2\pi}\sqrt{a^2\sin^2t+b^2\cos^2t}\,\mathrm dt = 4a\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\cos^2t}\;\mathrm dt </math>. : In this case <math display="inline"> \varepsilon </math> refers to the [[w:de:Exzentrizität (Mathematik)|numerische Exzentrizität]] <math display="inline"> \sqrt{1-b^2/a^2} </math> of the ellipse. The integral on the right is referred to as [[w:de:elliptisches Integral|elliptisches Integral]] due to this connection. ==Way-independent== If a vector field <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> is a ''[[w:de:Gradientenfeld|Gradientenfeld]]', i.e. : <math display="inline"> \mathbf{\nabla} V = \mathbf{F} </math>, This applies to [[w:de:Differentialrechnung|Ableitung]] of [[w:de:Komposition (Mathematik)|Verkettung]] of <math display="inline"> V </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math> : <math display="inline"> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) = \mathbf{\nabla} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) = \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) </math>, which exactly corresponds to the integral of the path integral over <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> to <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math>. ===Dependence of integral boundaries 1=== This follows for a given curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\,\mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_a^b \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t))\cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t)\,\mathrm dt = \int\limits_a^b \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \,\mathrm dt = V(\mathbf{r}(b)) - V(\mathbf{r}(a)). </math> === Visualization === The following image show two arbitrary curves <math>S1</math> and <math>S2</math> in a Gradient vector field connecting point <math>1</math> with point <math>2</math>. [[File:Konservative_Kraft_Wege.svg|350px|center|two arbitrary curves 'S1' and 'S2' in a Gradient vector field connecting point 1 with point 2.]] ===Dependence of integral boundaries 2=== This means that the integral of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> over <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> depends solely on points <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(b) </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(a) </math> and the path between them is irrelevant to the result. For this reason, the integral of a gradient field is referred to as “displaced”. ===Remark - closed paths - Ringintegral=== In particular, the ring integral applies to the closed curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> with two arbitrary paths <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_1 </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_2 </math>: : <math display="inline"> \oint\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_{1,\mathcal{S}_1}^2 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} + \int\limits_{2,\mathcal{S}_2}^1 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = 0 </math> ===Application in Physics=== This is particularly important in [[w:de:Physik|Physik]], since, for example, the [[w:de:Gravitation|Gravitation]] has these properties. Since the energy in these force fields is always a conservation variable, they are referred to in physics as [[w:de:konservative Kraft|konservative Kraft]]. ===Scaler fields - Potential energy=== The scalar field <math display="inline"> V </math> is the [[w:de:Skalarpotential|Potential]] or the [[w:de:potentielle Energie|potentielle Energie]]. Conservative force fields receive the mechanical energy, i.e. the sum of [[w:de:Kinetische Energie|kinetischer Energie]] and potential energy. According to the above integral, a work of 0 J is applied on a closed curve overall. ===Number of revolutions=== Path independence can also be shown with the aid of the [[w:de:Integrabilitätsbedingung|Integrabilitätsbedingung]]. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|thumb|links|Die Kurve (698-1047-1732115943789-341-116) umläuft das Zentrum (698-1047-1732115943789-341-117) zweimal]] If the vector field is not possible as a gradient field only in a (small) environment <math display="inline"> U </math> of a point, the closed path integral of curves outside <math display="inline"> U </math> is proportional to the number of turns around this point and otherwise independent of the exact curve (see [[w:de:Algebraische Topologie#Methodik|Algebraische Topologie: Methodik]]). ===Remark - Complex pathintegrale=== If <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> is replaced by <math display="inline"> \mathbb{C} </math>, complex pathintegrales are treated which are treated in the [[Complex Analysis]]. ==Literature== * [[w:de:Harro Heuser|Harro Heuser]]: ''Edubook of Analysis - Part 2''. 1981, 5th edition, Teubner 1990, ISBN 3-519-422-0. 369, sentence 180.1; p. 391, sentence 184.1; p. 393, sentence 185.1. ==Individual evidence== <references /> [[Category:Integralbegriff|Integralbegriff]] [[Category:Funktionentheorie|Funktionentheorie]] [[Category:Vektoranalysis|Vektoranalysis]] ==See also== * [[Complex Analysis]] * [[Measure theory on topological spaces]] == Page Information == === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * [[v:de::Kurvenintegral|Kurvenintegral]] - URL: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Kurvenintegral]]</noinclude> <!-- <noinclude>[[en:Curve integral]]</noinclude> --> e9ulstepvxf4v1b5cjwmtje8cpr16cd 2688776 2688775 2024-11-25T12:01:22Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Page Information */ 2688776 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== The ''Curve'', '''Line''', '''Path'' or '''Conture integral''' expands the standard integral term for the [[w:de:Integralrechnung|Integration]] in the complex plane ([[w:de:Funktionentheorie|Funktionentheorie]]) or in the multidimensional space ((702-53532189). The [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weg]], the line or the [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)|Kurve]], via which is integrated, is called the ''integration path''. Wegintegrale over [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)#Geschlossene Kurven|''geschlossene'' Kurven]] are also referred to as ''Ringintegral', '''Umlaufintegral''<ref name="cite2"> Klaus Knothe, Heribert Wessels: Finite Elemente. Eine Einführung für Ingenieure. 3. Auflage. 1999, ISBN 3-540-64491-1, S. 524.</ref> or ''Zirkulation''' and are written with the symbol <math display="inline"> \textstyle \oint </math>. ==Real-valued Line Integrale== A path <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is given which is imaged from an interval (e.g. interpreted as a time interval) into the vector space <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t) \in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the place where the value is <math display="inline"> t\in [a,b] </math>. The difference is * Line integral first type and * Line integral second type. ==Pathintegral first type== [[File:Line_integral_of_scalar_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals erster Art über ein Skalarfeld]] The path integral of a steady [[w:de:Funktion (Mathematik)|Funktion]] : <math display="inline"> f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R} </math> along a continuously differentiable piece [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weges]] <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is defined as :<math display="block"> \int\limits_\gamma \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \, \| {\gamma \,}'(t) \|_2 \,\mathrm{d} t. </math> ===Deduction of the path=== <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}' </math> refers to the derivation from <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> to <math display="inline"> t </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> are a vector. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\dots ,\gamma_n) </math>. ===Remark - Component functions=== The component functions <math display="inline"> \gamma_i : [a,b] \to \mathbb{R} </math> are illustrations for which the derivation with the knowledge from the real analysis can be calculated. ===Example of a path and its derivation=== A differentiable path is defined first <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> with :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \gamma: & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & \gamma \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \cdot \cos(t) \\ 3 \cdot \sin(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> The track of the path forms an ellipse with the half axes 5 and 3. ====Derivation of the path in the two-dimensional space==== The derivation <math display="inline"> {\gamma }' </math> of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> results directly from the derivation of the component functions :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} {\gamma }': & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & {\gamma }' \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} - 5 \cdot \sin(t) \\ 3 \cdot \cos(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> ===Example - Deduction of the Way in the Three-dimensional Space=== Now a vector is <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)= (\cos(t),\sin(t),t) \in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t) = (- \sin(t),\cos(t), 1)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math>. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\gamma_2,\gamma_3) </math>. ==Task== Draw the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^2 </math> (Ellipse) and plotted the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^3 </math> with [[CAS4Wiki|CAS4Wiki]] plots. ===Vector length of the derivation vector of the path=== <math display="inline"> \|{\gamma \,}'(t)\|_2 </math> indicates the [[w:eb:Euclidean_space#Euclidean_norm|Euclidian norm]] of the vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma\,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Picture of the path - track=== The [[w:de:Bildmenge|Bildmenge]] <math display="inline"> \mbox{Spur}(\gamma) := \mathcal C := \gamma([a,b]) </math> of one piece [[w:en:Curve#Differential_geometry|differentiable curve]] in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> should not be confused with the graph of a curve which is a part of the <math display="inline"> [a,b] \times \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Notes=== * An example of such a function <math display="inline"> f </math> is a [[w:de:Skalarfeld|Skalarfeld]] with [[w:de:Kartesisches Koordinatensystem|kartesischen Koordinaten]]. * A path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> can pass through a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> either as a whole or only in sections several times. * For <math display="inline"> f \equiv 1 </math>, the path integral of the first type gives the length of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>. * The path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> forms, inter alia <math display="inline"> a \in \mathbb{R} </math> on the starting point of the curve and <math display="inline"> b \in \mathbb{R} </math> on its end point. * <math display="inline"> t \in [a,b] </math> is an element of the definition set of <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> and is generally ''not' for time. <math display="inline"> \mathrm dt </math> is the corresponding [[w:de:Differential (Mathematik)|Differential]]. ==Pathintegral second type== [[File:Line_integral_of_vector_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals zweiter Art über ein Vektorfeld]] The path integral over a steady [[w:de:Vektorfeld|Vektorfeld]] : <math display="inline"> \mathbf f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n </math> with a curve also parameterized in this way is defined as the integral over the [[w:de:Skalarprodukt|Skalarprodukt]] of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} \circ \gamma </math> and <math display="inline"> \dot\gamma </math>: : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \! \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \! \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm{d} t </math> ===Influence of parameterization=== If <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta\colon[c,d]\to\mathbb R^n </math> 'simplified' (d. h, <math display="inline"> \gamma_{|(a,b)} </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta_{|(c,d)} </math> are identical This justifies the name ''Kurvenintegral''; if the direction of integration is visible or irrelevant, the path in the notation can be suppressed. ===Curve integrals=== Since a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the image of a path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>, the definitions of the curve integrals essentially correspond to the path integrals. ====Curve integral 1. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal C} \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \| {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \|_2 \, \mathrm{d} t </math> ====Curve integral 2. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\mathrm d\mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm dt </math> ====Length of curve==== A special case is again the length of the curve parameterized by <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math>: : <math display="inline"> \mathrm{L\ddot ange\ von\ }\mathcal C = \int\limits_{\mathcal C} 1 \, \mathrm{d}s = \int\limits_a^b\| {\gamma\,}'(t) \|_2\,\mathrm dt </math> ===Displacement element and length element=== The expression occurring in the first type of curves : <math display="inline"> \mathrm ds= \|{\gamma\,}'(t)\|_2 \, \mathrm dt </math> is called ''skalar path element' or 'length element''. The expression occurring in the second type of curve integrals :<math display="block"> \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = {\gamma\,}' (t)\,\mathrm dt </math> is called 'vectorial path element'. ===Rules of Procedure=== Be <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math>, <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) </math> Curve integrals of the same type (i.e. either both first or second type), be the original image of the two functions <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{g} </math> of the same dimension and be (698104789). The following rules apply to <math display="inline"> \alpha </math>, <math display="inline"> \beta\in \mathbb R </math> and <math display="inline"> c\in\mathbb [a, b] </math>: * <math display="inline"> \alpha\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_\gamma (\alpha\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x})) </math> * <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[a, c]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[c, b]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math> ==Notation for curve integrals of closed curves== If <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is a closed way, you write : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\int\limits_\gamma </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\gamma </math> and similar for closed curves <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle \int\limits_\mathcal C </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\mathcal C </math>. With the circle in the Integral one would like to make clear that <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is closed. The only difference is in the notation. ==Examples== * If <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the [[w:de:Funktionsgraph|Graph]] of a function <math display="inline"> f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R </math>, this curve will be passed through the path :: <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R^2,\quad t\mapsto(t,f(t)) </math> : parametrized. About :: <math display="inline"> \|\dot\gamma(t)\|_2=\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2} </math> : the length of the curve is equal :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C\mathrm ds = \int\limits_a^b\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2}\,\mathrm dt. </math> * A [[w:de:Ellipse|Ellipse]] with large half-axis <math display="inline"> a </math> and small half-axis <math display="inline"> b </math> is parameterized by <math display="inline"> (a\cos t, \, b\sin t) </math> for <math display="inline"> t\in[0,2\pi] </math>. Your scope is therefore :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_0^{2\pi}\sqrt{a^2\sin^2t+b^2\cos^2t}\,\mathrm dt = 4a\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\cos^2t}\;\mathrm dt </math>. : In this case <math display="inline"> \varepsilon </math> refers to the [[w:de:Exzentrizität (Mathematik)|numerische Exzentrizität]] <math display="inline"> \sqrt{1-b^2/a^2} </math> of the ellipse. The integral on the right is referred to as [[w:de:elliptisches Integral|elliptisches Integral]] due to this connection. ==Way-independent== If a vector field <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> is a ''[[w:de:Gradientenfeld|Gradientenfeld]]', i.e. : <math display="inline"> \mathbf{\nabla} V = \mathbf{F} </math>, This applies to [[w:de:Differentialrechnung|Ableitung]] of [[w:de:Komposition (Mathematik)|Verkettung]] of <math display="inline"> V </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math> : <math display="inline"> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) = \mathbf{\nabla} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) = \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) </math>, which exactly corresponds to the integral of the path integral over <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> to <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math>. ===Dependence of integral boundaries 1=== This follows for a given curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\,\mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_a^b \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t))\cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t)\,\mathrm dt = \int\limits_a^b \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \,\mathrm dt = V(\mathbf{r}(b)) - V(\mathbf{r}(a)). </math> === Visualization === The following image show two arbitrary curves <math>S1</math> and <math>S2</math> in a Gradient vector field connecting point <math>1</math> with point <math>2</math>. [[File:Konservative_Kraft_Wege.svg|350px|center|two arbitrary curves 'S1' and 'S2' in a Gradient vector field connecting point 1 with point 2.]] ===Dependence of integral boundaries 2=== This means that the integral of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> over <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> depends solely on points <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(b) </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(a) </math> and the path between them is irrelevant to the result. For this reason, the integral of a gradient field is referred to as “displaced”. ===Remark - closed paths - Ringintegral=== In particular, the ring integral applies to the closed curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> with two arbitrary paths <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_1 </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_2 </math>: : <math display="inline"> \oint\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_{1,\mathcal{S}_1}^2 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} + \int\limits_{2,\mathcal{S}_2}^1 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = 0 </math> ===Application in Physics=== This is particularly important in [[w:de:Physik|Physik]], since, for example, the [[w:de:Gravitation|Gravitation]] has these properties. Since the energy in these force fields is always a conservation variable, they are referred to in physics as [[w:de:konservative Kraft|konservative Kraft]]. ===Scaler fields - Potential energy=== The scalar field <math display="inline"> V </math> is the [[w:de:Skalarpotential|Potential]] or the [[w:de:potentielle Energie|potentielle Energie]]. Conservative force fields receive the mechanical energy, i.e. the sum of [[w:de:Kinetische Energie|kinetischer Energie]] and potential energy. According to the above integral, a work of 0 J is applied on a closed curve overall. ===Number of revolutions=== Path independence can also be shown with the aid of the [[w:de:Integrabilitätsbedingung|Integrabilitätsbedingung]]. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|thumb|links|Die Kurve (698-1047-1732115943789-341-116) umläuft das Zentrum (698-1047-1732115943789-341-117) zweimal]] If the vector field is not possible as a gradient field only in a (small) environment <math display="inline"> U </math> of a point, the closed path integral of curves outside <math display="inline"> U </math> is proportional to the number of turns around this point and otherwise independent of the exact curve (see [[w:de:Algebraische Topologie#Methodik|Algebraische Topologie: Methodik]]). ===Remark - Complex pathintegrale=== If <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> is replaced by <math display="inline"> \mathbb{C} </math>, complex pathintegrales are treated which are treated in the [[Complex Analysis]]. ==Literature== * [[w:de:Harro Heuser|Harro Heuser]]: ''Edubook of Analysis - Part 2''. 1981, 5th edition, Teubner 1990, ISBN 3-519-422-0. 369, sentence 180.1; p. 391, sentence 184.1; p. 393, sentence 185.1. ==Individual evidence== <references /> [[Category:Integralbegriff|Integralbegriff]] [[Category:Funktionentheorie|Funktionentheorie]] [[Category:Vektoranalysis|Vektoranalysis]] ==See also== * [[Complex Analysis]] * [[Measure theory on topological spaces]] == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Calculus Calculus]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20integral https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * [[v:de::Kurvenintegral|Kurvenintegral]] - URL: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Kurvenintegral]]</noinclude> <!-- <noinclude>[[en:Curve integral]]</noinclude> --> [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] 5g65nv43occ6gf8vyef4u2mq2d9jp7x 2688777 2688776 2024-11-25T12:04:23Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 2688777 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== The ''Curve'', ''Line'', ''Path'' or ''Conture integral'' expands the standard integral term for the [[w:de:Integralrechnung|Integration]] in the complex plane ([[w:de:Funktionentheorie|Funktionentheorie]]) or in the multidimensional space <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math> or <math>\mathbb{C}^n</math>. The [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weg]], the line or the [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)|Kurve]], via which is integrated, is called the ''integration path''<ref name="cite2"> Klaus Knothe, Heribert Wessels: Finite Elemente. Eine Einführung für Ingenieure. 3. Auflage. 1999, ISBN 3-540-64491-1, S. 524.</ref>. The line integral over a closed path are written with the symbol <math display="inline"> \textstyle \oint </math>. ==Real-valued Line Integrale== A path <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is given which is imaged from an interval (e.g. interpreted as a time interval) into the vector space <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t) \in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the place where the value is <math display="inline"> t\in [a,b] </math>. The difference is * Line integral first type and * Line integral second type. ==Pathintegral first type== [[File:Line_integral_of_scalar_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals erster Art über ein Skalarfeld]] The path integral of a steady [[w:de:Funktion (Mathematik)|Funktion]] : <math display="inline"> f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R} </math> along a continuously differentiable piece [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weges]] <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is defined as :<math display="block"> \int\limits_\gamma \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \, \| {\gamma \,}'(t) \|_2 \,\mathrm{d} t. </math> ===Deduction of the path=== <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}' </math> refers to the derivation from <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> to <math display="inline"> t </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> are a vector. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\dots ,\gamma_n) </math>. ===Remark - Component functions=== The component functions <math display="inline"> \gamma_i : [a,b] \to \mathbb{R} </math> are illustrations for which the derivation with the knowledge from the real analysis can be calculated. ===Example of a path and its derivation=== A differentiable path is defined first <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> with :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \gamma: & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & \gamma \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \cdot \cos(t) \\ 3 \cdot \sin(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> The track of the path forms an ellipse with the half axes 5 and 3. ====Derivation of the path in the two-dimensional space==== The derivation <math display="inline"> {\gamma }' </math> of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> results directly from the derivation of the component functions :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} {\gamma }': & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & {\gamma }' \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} - 5 \cdot \sin(t) \\ 3 \cdot \cos(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> ===Example - Deduction of the Way in the Three-dimensional Space=== Now a vector is <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)= (\cos(t),\sin(t),t) \in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t) = (- \sin(t),\cos(t), 1)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math>. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\gamma_2,\gamma_3) </math>. ==Task== Draw the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^2 </math> (Ellipse) and plotted the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^3 </math> with [[CAS4Wiki|CAS4Wiki]] plots. ===Vector length of the derivation vector of the path=== <math display="inline"> \|{\gamma \,}'(t)\|_2 </math> indicates the [[w:eb:Euclidean_space#Euclidean_norm|Euclidian norm]] of the vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma\,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Picture of the path - track=== The [[w:de:Bildmenge|Bildmenge]] <math display="inline"> \mbox{Spur}(\gamma) := \mathcal C := \gamma([a,b]) </math> of one piece [[w:en:Curve#Differential_geometry|differentiable curve]] in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> should not be confused with the graph of a curve which is a part of the <math display="inline"> [a,b] \times \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Notes=== * An example of such a function <math display="inline"> f </math> is a [[w:de:Skalarfeld|Skalarfeld]] with [[w:de:Kartesisches Koordinatensystem|kartesischen Koordinaten]]. * A path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> can pass through a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> either as a whole or only in sections several times. * For <math display="inline"> f \equiv 1 </math>, the path integral of the first type gives the length of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>. * The path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> forms, inter alia <math display="inline"> a \in \mathbb{R} </math> on the starting point of the curve and <math display="inline"> b \in \mathbb{R} </math> on its end point. * <math display="inline"> t \in [a,b] </math> is an element of the definition set of <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> and is generally ''not' for time. <math display="inline"> \mathrm dt </math> is the corresponding [[w:de:Differential (Mathematik)|Differential]]. ==Pathintegral second type== [[File:Line_integral_of_vector_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals zweiter Art über ein Vektorfeld]] The path integral over a steady [[w:de:Vektorfeld|Vektorfeld]] : <math display="inline"> \mathbf f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n </math> with a curve also parameterized in this way is defined as the integral over the [[w:de:Skalarprodukt|Skalarprodukt]] of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} \circ \gamma </math> and <math display="inline"> \dot\gamma </math>: : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \! \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \! \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm{d} t </math> ===Influence of parameterization=== If <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta\colon[c,d]\to\mathbb R^n </math> 'simplified' (d. h, <math display="inline"> \gamma_{|(a,b)} </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta_{|(c,d)} </math> are identical This justifies the name ''Kurvenintegral''; if the direction of integration is visible or irrelevant, the path in the notation can be suppressed. ===Curve integrals=== Since a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the image of a path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>, the definitions of the curve integrals essentially correspond to the path integrals. ====Curve integral 1. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal C} \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \| {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \|_2 \, \mathrm{d} t </math> ====Curve integral 2. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\mathrm d\mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm dt </math> ====Length of curve==== A special case is again the length of the curve parameterized by <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math>: : <math display="inline"> \mathrm{L\ddot ange\ von\ }\mathcal C = \int\limits_{\mathcal C} 1 \, \mathrm{d}s = \int\limits_a^b\| {\gamma\,}'(t) \|_2\,\mathrm dt </math> ===Displacement element and length element=== The expression occurring in the first type of curves : <math display="inline"> \mathrm ds= \|{\gamma\,}'(t)\|_2 \, \mathrm dt </math> is called ''skalar path element' or 'length element''. The expression occurring in the second type of curve integrals :<math display="block"> \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = {\gamma\,}' (t)\,\mathrm dt </math> is called 'vectorial path element'. ===Rules of Procedure=== Be <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math>, <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) </math> Curve integrals of the same type (i.e. either both first or second type), be the original image of the two functions <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{g} </math> of the same dimension and be (698104789). The following rules apply to <math display="inline"> \alpha </math>, <math display="inline"> \beta\in \mathbb R </math> and <math display="inline"> c\in\mathbb [a, b] </math>: * <math display="inline"> \alpha\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_\gamma (\alpha\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x})) </math> * <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[a, c]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[c, b]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math> ==Notation for curve integrals of closed curves== If <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is a closed way, you write : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\int\limits_\gamma </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\gamma </math> and similar for closed curves <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle \int\limits_\mathcal C </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\mathcal C </math>. With the circle in the Integral one would like to make clear that <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is closed. The only difference is in the notation. ==Examples== * If <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the [[w:de:Funktionsgraph|Graph]] of a function <math display="inline"> f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R </math>, this curve will be passed through the path :: <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R^2,\quad t\mapsto(t,f(t)) </math> : parametrized. About :: <math display="inline"> \|\dot\gamma(t)\|_2=\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2} </math> : the length of the curve is equal :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C\mathrm ds = \int\limits_a^b\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2}\,\mathrm dt. </math> * A [[w:de:Ellipse|Ellipse]] with large half-axis <math display="inline"> a </math> and small half-axis <math display="inline"> b </math> is parameterized by <math display="inline"> (a\cos t, \, b\sin t) </math> for <math display="inline"> t\in[0,2\pi] </math>. Your scope is therefore :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_0^{2\pi}\sqrt{a^2\sin^2t+b^2\cos^2t}\,\mathrm dt = 4a\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\cos^2t}\;\mathrm dt </math>. : In this case <math display="inline"> \varepsilon </math> refers to the [[w:de:Exzentrizität (Mathematik)|numerische Exzentrizität]] <math display="inline"> \sqrt{1-b^2/a^2} </math> of the ellipse. The integral on the right is referred to as [[w:de:elliptisches Integral|elliptisches Integral]] due to this connection. ==Way-independent== If a vector field <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> is a ''[[w:de:Gradientenfeld|Gradientenfeld]]', i.e. : <math display="inline"> \mathbf{\nabla} V = \mathbf{F} </math>, This applies to [[w:de:Differentialrechnung|Ableitung]] of [[w:de:Komposition (Mathematik)|Verkettung]] of <math display="inline"> V </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math> : <math display="inline"> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) = \mathbf{\nabla} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) = \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) </math>, which exactly corresponds to the integral of the path integral over <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> to <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math>. ===Dependence of integral boundaries 1=== This follows for a given curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\,\mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_a^b \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t))\cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t)\,\mathrm dt = \int\limits_a^b \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \,\mathrm dt = V(\mathbf{r}(b)) - V(\mathbf{r}(a)). </math> === Visualization === The following image show two arbitrary curves <math>S1</math> and <math>S2</math> in a Gradient vector field connecting point <math>1</math> with point <math>2</math>. [[File:Konservative_Kraft_Wege.svg|350px|center|two arbitrary curves 'S1' and 'S2' in a Gradient vector field connecting point 1 with point 2.]] ===Dependence of integral boundaries 2=== This means that the integral of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> over <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> depends solely on points <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(b) </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(a) </math> and the path between them is irrelevant to the result. For this reason, the integral of a gradient field is referred to as “displaced”. ===Remark - closed paths - Ringintegral=== In particular, the ring integral applies to the closed curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> with two arbitrary paths <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_1 </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_2 </math>: : <math display="inline"> \oint\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_{1,\mathcal{S}_1}^2 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} + \int\limits_{2,\mathcal{S}_2}^1 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = 0 </math> ===Application in Physics=== This is particularly important in [[w:de:Physik|Physik]], since, for example, the [[w:de:Gravitation|Gravitation]] has these properties. Since the energy in these force fields is always a conservation variable, they are referred to in physics as [[w:de:konservative Kraft|konservative Kraft]]. ===Scaler fields - Potential energy=== The scalar field <math display="inline"> V </math> is the [[w:de:Skalarpotential|Potential]] or the [[w:de:potentielle Energie|potentielle Energie]]. Conservative force fields receive the mechanical energy, i.e. the sum of [[w:de:Kinetische Energie|kinetischer Energie]] and potential energy. According to the above integral, a work of 0 J is applied on a closed curve overall. ===Number of revolutions=== Path independence can also be shown with the aid of the [[w:de:Integrabilitätsbedingung|Integrabilitätsbedingung]]. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|thumb|links|Die Kurve (698-1047-1732115943789-341-116) umläuft das Zentrum (698-1047-1732115943789-341-117) zweimal]] If the vector field is not possible as a gradient field only in a (small) environment <math display="inline"> U </math> of a point, the closed path integral of curves outside <math display="inline"> U </math> is proportional to the number of turns around this point and otherwise independent of the exact curve (see [[w:de:Algebraische Topologie#Methodik|Algebraische Topologie: Methodik]]). ===Remark - Complex pathintegrale=== If <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> is replaced by <math display="inline"> \mathbb{C} </math>, complex pathintegrales are treated which are treated in the [[Complex Analysis]]. ==Literature== * [[w:de:Harro Heuser|Harro Heuser]]: ''Edubook of Analysis - Part 2''. 1981, 5th edition, Teubner 1990, ISBN 3-519-422-0. 369, sentence 180.1; p. 391, sentence 184.1; p. 393, sentence 185.1. ==Individual evidence== <references /> [[Category:Integralbegriff|Integralbegriff]] [[Category:Funktionentheorie|Funktionentheorie]] [[Category:Vektoranalysis|Vektoranalysis]] ==See also== * [[Complex Analysis]] * [[Measure theory on topological spaces]] == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Calculus Calculus]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20integral https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * [[v:de::Kurvenintegral|Kurvenintegral]] - URL: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Kurvenintegral]]</noinclude> <!-- <noinclude>[[en:Curve integral]]</noinclude> --> [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] s4dawgxk4xec5ya4u70hd1tb00q28pq 2688780 2688777 2024-11-25T12:33:44Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Introduction */ 2688780 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== The ''Curve'', ''Line'', ''Path'' or ''Conture integral'' expands the standard integral term for the [[w:de:Integralrechnung|Integration]] in the complex plane ([[w:en:Complex analysis|Complex Analysis]]) or in the multidimensional space <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math> or <math>\mathbb{C}^n</math>. The [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weg]], the line or the [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)|Kurve]], via which is integrated, is called the ''integration path''<ref name="cite2"> Klaus Knothe, Heribert Wessels: Finite Elemente. Eine Einführung für Ingenieure. 3. Auflage. 1999, ISBN 3-540-64491-1, S. 524.</ref>. The line integral over a closed path are written with the symbol <math display="inline"> \textstyle \oint </math>. ==Real-valued Line Integrale== A path <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is given which is imaged from an interval (e.g. interpreted as a time interval) into the vector space <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t) \in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the place where the value is <math display="inline"> t\in [a,b] </math>. The difference is * Line integral first type and * Line integral second type. ==Pathintegral first type== [[File:Line_integral_of_scalar_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals erster Art über ein Skalarfeld]] The path integral of a steady [[w:de:Funktion (Mathematik)|Funktion]] : <math display="inline"> f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R} </math> along a continuously differentiable piece [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weges]] <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is defined as :<math display="block"> \int\limits_\gamma \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \, \| {\gamma \,}'(t) \|_2 \,\mathrm{d} t. </math> ===Deduction of the path=== <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}' </math> refers to the derivation from <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> to <math display="inline"> t </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> are a vector. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\dots ,\gamma_n) </math>. ===Remark - Component functions=== The component functions <math display="inline"> \gamma_i : [a,b] \to \mathbb{R} </math> are illustrations for which the derivation with the knowledge from the real analysis can be calculated. ===Example of a path and its derivation=== A differentiable path is defined first <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> with :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \gamma: & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & \gamma \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \cdot \cos(t) \\ 3 \cdot \sin(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> The track of the path forms an ellipse with the half axes 5 and 3. ====Derivation of the path in the two-dimensional space==== The derivation <math display="inline"> {\gamma }' </math> of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> results directly from the derivation of the component functions :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} {\gamma }': & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & {\gamma }' \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} - 5 \cdot \sin(t) \\ 3 \cdot \cos(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> ===Example - Deduction of the Way in the Three-dimensional Space=== Now a vector is <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)= (\cos(t),\sin(t),t) \in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t) = (- \sin(t),\cos(t), 1)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math>. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\gamma_2,\gamma_3) </math>. ==Task== Draw the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^2 </math> (Ellipse) and plotted the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^3 </math> with [[CAS4Wiki|CAS4Wiki]] plots. ===Vector length of the derivation vector of the path=== <math display="inline"> \|{\gamma \,}'(t)\|_2 </math> indicates the [[w:eb:Euclidean_space#Euclidean_norm|Euclidian norm]] of the vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma\,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Picture of the path - track=== The [[w:de:Bildmenge|Bildmenge]] <math display="inline"> \mbox{Spur}(\gamma) := \mathcal C := \gamma([a,b]) </math> of one piece [[w:en:Curve#Differential_geometry|differentiable curve]] in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> should not be confused with the graph of a curve which is a part of the <math display="inline"> [a,b] \times \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Notes=== * An example of such a function <math display="inline"> f </math> is a [[w:de:Skalarfeld|Skalarfeld]] with [[w:de:Kartesisches Koordinatensystem|kartesischen Koordinaten]]. * A path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> can pass through a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> either as a whole or only in sections several times. * For <math display="inline"> f \equiv 1 </math>, the path integral of the first type gives the length of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>. * The path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> forms, inter alia <math display="inline"> a \in \mathbb{R} </math> on the starting point of the curve and <math display="inline"> b \in \mathbb{R} </math> on its end point. * <math display="inline"> t \in [a,b] </math> is an element of the definition set of <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> and is generally ''not' for time. <math display="inline"> \mathrm dt </math> is the corresponding [[w:de:Differential (Mathematik)|Differential]]. ==Pathintegral second type== [[File:Line_integral_of_vector_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals zweiter Art über ein Vektorfeld]] The path integral over a steady [[w:de:Vektorfeld|Vektorfeld]] : <math display="inline"> \mathbf f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n </math> with a curve also parameterized in this way is defined as the integral over the [[w:de:Skalarprodukt|Skalarprodukt]] of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} \circ \gamma </math> and <math display="inline"> \dot\gamma </math>: : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \! \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \! \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm{d} t </math> ===Influence of parameterization=== If <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta\colon[c,d]\to\mathbb R^n </math> 'simplified' (d. h, <math display="inline"> \gamma_{|(a,b)} </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta_{|(c,d)} </math> are identical This justifies the name ''Kurvenintegral''; if the direction of integration is visible or irrelevant, the path in the notation can be suppressed. ===Curve integrals=== Since a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the image of a path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>, the definitions of the curve integrals essentially correspond to the path integrals. ====Curve integral 1. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal C} \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \| {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \|_2 \, \mathrm{d} t </math> ====Curve integral 2. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\mathrm d\mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm dt </math> ====Length of curve==== A special case is again the length of the curve parameterized by <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math>: : <math display="inline"> \mathrm{L\ddot ange\ von\ }\mathcal C = \int\limits_{\mathcal C} 1 \, \mathrm{d}s = \int\limits_a^b\| {\gamma\,}'(t) \|_2\,\mathrm dt </math> ===Displacement element and length element=== The expression occurring in the first type of curves : <math display="inline"> \mathrm ds= \|{\gamma\,}'(t)\|_2 \, \mathrm dt </math> is called ''skalar path element' or 'length element''. The expression occurring in the second type of curve integrals :<math display="block"> \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = {\gamma\,}' (t)\,\mathrm dt </math> is called 'vectorial path element'. ===Rules of Procedure=== Be <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math>, <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) </math> Curve integrals of the same type (i.e. either both first or second type), be the original image of the two functions <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{g} </math> of the same dimension and be (698104789). The following rules apply to <math display="inline"> \alpha </math>, <math display="inline"> \beta\in \mathbb R </math> and <math display="inline"> c\in\mathbb [a, b] </math>: * <math display="inline"> \alpha\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_\gamma (\alpha\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x})) </math> * <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[a, c]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[c, b]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math> ==Notation for curve integrals of closed curves== If <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is a closed way, you write : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\int\limits_\gamma </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\gamma </math> and similar for closed curves <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle \int\limits_\mathcal C </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\mathcal C </math>. With the circle in the Integral one would like to make clear that <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is closed. The only difference is in the notation. ==Examples== * If <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the [[w:de:Funktionsgraph|Graph]] of a function <math display="inline"> f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R </math>, this curve will be passed through the path :: <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R^2,\quad t\mapsto(t,f(t)) </math> : parametrized. About :: <math display="inline"> \|\dot\gamma(t)\|_2=\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2} </math> : the length of the curve is equal :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C\mathrm ds = \int\limits_a^b\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2}\,\mathrm dt. </math> * A [[w:de:Ellipse|Ellipse]] with large half-axis <math display="inline"> a </math> and small half-axis <math display="inline"> b </math> is parameterized by <math display="inline"> (a\cos t, \, b\sin t) </math> for <math display="inline"> t\in[0,2\pi] </math>. Your scope is therefore :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_0^{2\pi}\sqrt{a^2\sin^2t+b^2\cos^2t}\,\mathrm dt = 4a\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\cos^2t}\;\mathrm dt </math>. : In this case <math display="inline"> \varepsilon </math> refers to the [[w:de:Exzentrizität (Mathematik)|numerische Exzentrizität]] <math display="inline"> \sqrt{1-b^2/a^2} </math> of the ellipse. The integral on the right is referred to as [[w:de:elliptisches Integral|elliptisches Integral]] due to this connection. ==Way-independent== If a vector field <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> is a ''[[w:de:Gradientenfeld|Gradientenfeld]]', i.e. : <math display="inline"> \mathbf{\nabla} V = \mathbf{F} </math>, This applies to [[w:de:Differentialrechnung|Ableitung]] of [[w:de:Komposition (Mathematik)|Verkettung]] of <math display="inline"> V </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math> : <math display="inline"> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) = \mathbf{\nabla} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) = \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) </math>, which exactly corresponds to the integral of the path integral over <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> to <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math>. ===Dependence of integral boundaries 1=== This follows for a given curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\,\mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_a^b \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t))\cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t)\,\mathrm dt = \int\limits_a^b \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \,\mathrm dt = V(\mathbf{r}(b)) - V(\mathbf{r}(a)). </math> === Visualization === The following image show two arbitrary curves <math>S1</math> and <math>S2</math> in a Gradient vector field connecting point <math>1</math> with point <math>2</math>. [[File:Konservative_Kraft_Wege.svg|350px|center|two arbitrary curves 'S1' and 'S2' in a Gradient vector field connecting point 1 with point 2.]] ===Dependence of integral boundaries 2=== This means that the integral of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> over <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> depends solely on points <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(b) </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(a) </math> and the path between them is irrelevant to the result. For this reason, the integral of a gradient field is referred to as “displaced”. ===Remark - closed paths - Ringintegral=== In particular, the ring integral applies to the closed curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> with two arbitrary paths <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_1 </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_2 </math>: : <math display="inline"> \oint\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_{1,\mathcal{S}_1}^2 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} + \int\limits_{2,\mathcal{S}_2}^1 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = 0 </math> ===Application in Physics=== This is particularly important in [[w:de:Physik|Physik]], since, for example, the [[w:de:Gravitation|Gravitation]] has these properties. Since the energy in these force fields is always a conservation variable, they are referred to in physics as [[w:de:konservative Kraft|konservative Kraft]]. ===Scaler fields - Potential energy=== The scalar field <math display="inline"> V </math> is the [[w:de:Skalarpotential|Potential]] or the [[w:de:potentielle Energie|potentielle Energie]]. Conservative force fields receive the mechanical energy, i.e. the sum of [[w:de:Kinetische Energie|kinetischer Energie]] and potential energy. According to the above integral, a work of 0 J is applied on a closed curve overall. ===Number of revolutions=== Path independence can also be shown with the aid of the [[w:de:Integrabilitätsbedingung|Integrabilitätsbedingung]]. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|thumb|links|Die Kurve (698-1047-1732115943789-341-116) umläuft das Zentrum (698-1047-1732115943789-341-117) zweimal]] If the vector field is not possible as a gradient field only in a (small) environment <math display="inline"> U </math> of a point, the closed path integral of curves outside <math display="inline"> U </math> is proportional to the number of turns around this point and otherwise independent of the exact curve (see [[w:de:Algebraische Topologie#Methodik|Algebraische Topologie: Methodik]]). ===Remark - Complex pathintegrale=== If <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> is replaced by <math display="inline"> \mathbb{C} </math>, complex pathintegrales are treated which are treated in the [[Complex Analysis]]. ==Literature== * [[w:de:Harro Heuser|Harro Heuser]]: ''Edubook of Analysis - Part 2''. 1981, 5th edition, Teubner 1990, ISBN 3-519-422-0. 369, sentence 180.1; p. 391, sentence 184.1; p. 393, sentence 185.1. ==Individual evidence== <references /> [[Category:Integralbegriff|Integralbegriff]] [[Category:Funktionentheorie|Funktionentheorie]] [[Category:Vektoranalysis|Vektoranalysis]] ==See also== * [[Complex Analysis]] * [[Measure theory on topological spaces]] == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Calculus Calculus]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20integral https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * [[v:de::Kurvenintegral|Kurvenintegral]] - URL: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Kurvenintegral]]</noinclude> <!-- <noinclude>[[en:Curve integral]]</noinclude> --> [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] pmel4ruhpu044n2x7ytyfpkvzyff01z 2688781 2688780 2024-11-25T12:34:53Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 2688781 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== The ''Curve'', ''Line'', ''Path'' or ''Conture integral'' expands the standard integral term for the [[w:de:Integralrechnung|Integration]] in the complex plane ([[w:en:Complex analysis|Complex Analysis]]) or in the multidimensional space <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math> or <math>\mathbb{C}^n</math>. The [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weg]], the line or the [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)|Kurve]], via which is integrated, is called the ''integration path''<ref name="cite2"> Klaus Knothe, Heribert Wessels: Finite Elemente. Eine Einführung für Ingenieure. 3. Auflage. 1999, ISBN 3-540-64491-1, S. 524.</ref>. The line integral over a closed path are written with the symbol <math display="inline"> \textstyle \oint </math>. ==Real-valued Line Integrale== A path <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is given which is imaged from an interval (e.g. interpreted as a time interval) into the vector space <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t) \in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the place where the value is <math display="inline"> t\in [a,b] </math>. The difference is * Line integral first type and * Line integral second type. ==Pathintegral first type== [[File:Line_integral_of_scalar_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals erster Art über ein Skalarfeld]] The path integral of a steady [[w:de:Funktion (Mathematik)|Funktion]] : <math display="inline"> f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R} </math> along a continuously differentiable piece [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weges]] <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is defined as :<math display="block"> \int\limits_\gamma \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \, \| {\gamma \,}'(t) \|_2 \,\mathrm{d} t. </math> ===Deduction of the path=== <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}' </math> refers to the derivation from <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> to <math display="inline"> t </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> are a vector. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\dots ,\gamma_n) </math>. ===Remark - Component functions=== The component functions <math display="inline"> \gamma_i : [a,b] \to \mathbb{R} </math> are illustrations for which the derivation with the knowledge from the real analysis can be calculated. ===Example of a path and its derivation=== A differentiable path is defined first <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> with :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \gamma: & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & \gamma \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \cdot \cos(t) \\ 3 \cdot \sin(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> The track of the path forms an ellipse with the half axes 5 and 3. ====Derivation of the path in the two-dimensional space==== The derivation <math display="inline"> {\gamma }' </math> of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> results directly from the derivation of the component functions :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} {\gamma }': & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & {\gamma }' \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} - 5 \cdot \sin(t) \\ 3 \cdot \cos(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> ===Example - Deduction of the Way in the Three-dimensional Space=== Now a vector is <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)= (\cos(t),\sin(t),t) \in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t) = (- \sin(t),\cos(t), 1)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math>. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\gamma_2,\gamma_3) </math>. ==Task== Draw the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^2 </math> (Ellipse) and plotted the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^3 </math> with [[CAS4Wiki|CAS4Wiki]] plots. ===Vector length of the derivation vector of the path=== <math display="inline"> \|{\gamma \,}'(t)\|_2 </math> indicates the [[w:eb:Euclidean_space#Euclidean_norm|Euclidian norm]] of the vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma\,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Picture of the path - track=== The [[w:de:Bildmenge|Bildmenge]] <math display="inline"> \mbox{Spur}(\gamma) := \mathcal C := \gamma([a,b]) </math> of one piece [[w:en:Curve#Differential_geometry|differentiable curve]] in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> should not be confused with the graph of a curve which is a part of the <math display="inline"> [a,b] \times \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Notes=== * An example of such a function <math display="inline"> f </math> is a [[w:de:Skalarfeld|Skalarfeld]] with [[w:de:Kartesisches Koordinatensystem|kartesischen Koordinaten]]. * A path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> can pass through a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> either as a whole or only in sections several times. * For <math display="inline"> f \equiv 1 </math>, the path integral of the first type gives the length of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>. * The path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> forms, inter alia <math display="inline"> a \in \mathbb{R} </math> on the starting point of the curve and <math display="inline"> b \in \mathbb{R} </math> on its end point. * <math display="inline"> t \in [a,b] </math> is an element of the definition set of <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> and is generally ''not' for time. <math display="inline"> \mathrm dt </math> is the corresponding [[w:de:Differential (Mathematik)|Differential]]. ==Pathintegral second type== [[File:Line_integral_of_vector_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals zweiter Art über ein Vektorfeld]] The path integral over a steady [[w:de:Vektorfeld|Vektorfeld]] : <math display="inline"> \mathbf f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n </math> with a curve also parameterized in this way is defined as the integral over the [[w:de:Skalarprodukt|Skalarprodukt]] of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} \circ \gamma </math> and <math display="inline"> \dot\gamma </math>: : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \! \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \! \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm{d} t </math> ===Influence of parameterization=== If <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta\colon[c,d]\to\mathbb R^n </math> 'simplified' (d. h, <math display="inline"> \gamma_{|(a,b)} </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta_{|(c,d)} </math> are identical This justifies the name ''Kurvenintegral''; if the direction of integration is visible or irrelevant, the path in the notation can be suppressed. ===Curve integrals=== Since a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the image of a path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>, the definitions of the curve integrals essentially correspond to the path integrals. ====Curve integral 1. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal C} \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \| {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \|_2 \, \mathrm{d} t </math> ====Curve integral 2. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\mathrm d\mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm dt </math> ====Length of curve==== A special case is again the length of the curve parameterized by <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math>: : <math display="inline"> \mathrm{L\ddot ange\ von\ }\mathcal C = \int\limits_{\mathcal C} 1 \, \mathrm{d}s = \int\limits_a^b\| {\gamma\,}'(t) \|_2\,\mathrm dt </math> ===Displacement element and length element=== The expression occurring in the first type of curves : <math display="inline"> \mathrm ds= \|{\gamma\,}'(t)\|_2 \, \mathrm dt </math> is called ''skalar path element' or 'length element''. The expression occurring in the second type of curve integrals :<math display="block"> \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = {\gamma\,}' (t)\,\mathrm dt </math> is called 'vectorial path element'. ===Rules of Procedure=== Be <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math>, <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) </math> Curve integrals of the same type (i.e. either both first or second type), be the original image of the two functions <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{g} </math> of the same dimension and be (698104789). The following rules apply to <math display="inline"> \alpha </math>, <math display="inline"> \beta\in \mathbb R </math> and <math display="inline"> c\in\mathbb [a, b] </math>: * <math display="inline"> \alpha\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_\gamma (\alpha\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x})) </math> * <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[a, c]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[c, b]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math> ==Notation for curve integrals of closed curves== If <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is a closed way, you write : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\int\limits_\gamma </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\gamma </math> and similar for closed curves <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle \int\limits_\mathcal C </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\mathcal C </math>. With the circle in the Integral one would like to make clear that <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is closed. The only difference is in the notation. ==Examples== * If <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the [[w:de:Funktionsgraph|Graph]] of a function <math display="inline"> f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R </math>, this curve will be passed through the path :: <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R^2,\quad t\mapsto(t,f(t)) </math> : parametrized. About :: <math display="inline"> \|\dot\gamma(t)\|_2=\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2} </math> : the length of the curve is equal :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C\mathrm ds = \int\limits_a^b\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2}\,\mathrm dt. </math> * A [[w:de:Ellipse|Ellipse]] with large half-axis <math display="inline"> a </math> and small half-axis <math display="inline"> b </math> is parameterized by <math display="inline"> (a\cos t, \, b\sin t) </math> for <math display="inline"> t\in[0,2\pi] </math>. Your scope is therefore :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_0^{2\pi}\sqrt{a^2\sin^2t+b^2\cos^2t}\,\mathrm dt = 4a\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\cos^2t}\;\mathrm dt </math>. : In this case <math display="inline"> \varepsilon </math> refers to the [[w:de:Exzentrizität (Mathematik)|numerische Exzentrizität]] <math display="inline"> \sqrt{1-b^2/a^2} </math> of the ellipse. The integral on the right is referred to as [[w:de:elliptisches Integral|elliptisches Integral]] due to this connection. ==Way-independent== If a vector field <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> is a ''[[w:de:Gradientenfeld|Gradientenfeld]]', i.e. : <math display="inline"> \mathbf{\nabla} V = \mathbf{F} </math>, This applies to [[w:de:Differentialrechnung|Ableitung]] of [[w:de:Komposition (Mathematik)|Verkettung]] of <math display="inline"> V </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math> : <math display="inline"> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) = \mathbf{\nabla} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) = \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) </math>, which exactly corresponds to the integral of the path integral over <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> to <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math>. ===Dependence of integral boundaries 1=== This follows for a given curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\,\mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_a^b \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t))\cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t)\,\mathrm dt = \int\limits_a^b \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \,\mathrm dt = V(\mathbf{r}(b)) - V(\mathbf{r}(a)). </math> === Visualization === The following image show two arbitrary curves <math>S1</math> and <math>S2</math> in a Gradient vector field connecting point <math>1</math> with point <math>2</math>. [[File:Konservative_Kraft_Wege.svg|350px|center|two arbitrary curves 'S1' and 'S2' in a Gradient vector field connecting point 1 with point 2.]] ===Dependence of integral boundaries 2=== This means that the integral of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> over <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> depends solely on points <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(b) </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(a) </math> and the path between them is irrelevant to the result. For this reason, the integral of a gradient field is referred to as “displaced”. ===Remark - closed paths - Ringintegral=== In particular, the ring integral applies to the closed curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> with two arbitrary paths <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_1 </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_2 </math>: : <math display="inline"> \oint\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_{1,\mathcal{S}_1}^2 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} + \int\limits_{2,\mathcal{S}_2}^1 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = 0 </math> ===Application in Physics=== This is particularly important in [[w:de:Physik|Physik]], since, for example, the [[w:de:Gravitation|Gravitation]] has these properties. Since the energy in these force fields is always a conservation variable, they are referred to in physics as [[w:de:konservative Kraft|konservative Kraft]]. ===Scaler fields - Potential energy=== The scalar field <math display="inline"> V </math> is the [[w:de:Skalarpotential|Potential]] or the [[w:de:potentielle Energie|potentielle Energie]]. Conservative force fields receive the mechanical energy, i.e. the sum of [[w:de:Kinetische Energie|kinetischer Energie]] and potential energy. According to the above integral, a work of 0 J is applied on a closed curve overall. ===Number of revolutions=== Path independence can also be shown with the aid of the [[w:de:Integrabilitätsbedingung|Integrabilitätsbedingung]]. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|thumb|links|Die Kurve (698-1047-1732115943789-341-116) umläuft das Zentrum (698-1047-1732115943789-341-117) zweimal]] If the vector field is not possible as a gradient field only in a (small) environment <math display="inline"> U </math> of a point, the closed path integral of curves outside <math display="inline"> U </math> is proportional to the number of turns around this point and otherwise independent of the exact curve (see [[w:de:Algebraische Topologie#Methodik|Algebraische Topologie: Methodik]]). ===Remark - Complex pathintegrale=== If <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> is replaced by <math display="inline"> \mathbb{C} </math>, complex pathintegrales are treated which are treated in the [[Complex Analysis]]. ==Literature== * [[w:en:Harro Heuser|Harro Heuser]]: ''Edubook of Analysis - Part 2''. 1981, 5th edition, Teubner 1990, ISBN 3-519-422-0. 369, sentence 180.1; p. 391, sentence 184.1; p. 393, sentence 185.1. === References === <references /> ==See also== * [[Complex Analysis]] * [[Measure theory on topological spaces]] == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Calculus Calculus]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20integral https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * [[v:de::Kurvenintegral|Kurvenintegral]] - URL: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Kurvenintegral]]</noinclude> <!-- <noinclude>[[en:Curve integral]]</noinclude> --> [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] 0gfw5s9xhqfvnkfcsplqg82alpactqc 2688782 2688781 2024-11-25T12:36:44Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Literature */ 2688782 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== The ''Curve'', ''Line'', ''Path'' or ''Conture integral'' expands the standard integral term for the [[w:de:Integralrechnung|Integration]] in the complex plane ([[w:en:Complex analysis|Complex Analysis]]) or in the multidimensional space <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math> or <math>\mathbb{C}^n</math>. The [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weg]], the line or the [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)|Kurve]], via which is integrated, is called the ''integration path''<ref name="cite2"> Klaus Knothe, Heribert Wessels: Finite Elemente. Eine Einführung für Ingenieure. 3. Auflage. 1999, ISBN 3-540-64491-1, S. 524.</ref>. The line integral over a closed path are written with the symbol <math display="inline"> \textstyle \oint </math>. ==Real-valued Line Integrale== A path <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is given which is imaged from an interval (e.g. interpreted as a time interval) into the vector space <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t) \in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the place where the value is <math display="inline"> t\in [a,b] </math>. The difference is * Line integral first type and * Line integral second type. ==Pathintegral first type== [[File:Line_integral_of_scalar_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals erster Art über ein Skalarfeld]] The path integral of a steady [[w:de:Funktion (Mathematik)|Funktion]] : <math display="inline"> f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R} </math> along a continuously differentiable piece [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weges]] <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is defined as :<math display="block"> \int\limits_\gamma \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \, \| {\gamma \,}'(t) \|_2 \,\mathrm{d} t. </math> ===Deduction of the path=== <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}' </math> refers to the derivation from <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> to <math display="inline"> t </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> are a vector. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\dots ,\gamma_n) </math>. ===Remark - Component functions=== The component functions <math display="inline"> \gamma_i : [a,b] \to \mathbb{R} </math> are illustrations for which the derivation with the knowledge from the real analysis can be calculated. ===Example of a path and its derivation=== A differentiable path is defined first <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> with :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \gamma: & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & \gamma \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \cdot \cos(t) \\ 3 \cdot \sin(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> The track of the path forms an ellipse with the half axes 5 and 3. ====Derivation of the path in the two-dimensional space==== The derivation <math display="inline"> {\gamma }' </math> of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> results directly from the derivation of the component functions :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} {\gamma }': & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & {\gamma }' \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} - 5 \cdot \sin(t) \\ 3 \cdot \cos(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> ===Example - Deduction of the Way in the Three-dimensional Space=== Now a vector is <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)= (\cos(t),\sin(t),t) \in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t) = (- \sin(t),\cos(t), 1)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math>. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\gamma_2,\gamma_3) </math>. ==Task== Draw the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^2 </math> (Ellipse) and plotted the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^3 </math> with [[CAS4Wiki|CAS4Wiki]] plots. ===Vector length of the derivation vector of the path=== <math display="inline"> \|{\gamma \,}'(t)\|_2 </math> indicates the [[w:eb:Euclidean_space#Euclidean_norm|Euclidian norm]] of the vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma\,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Picture of the path - track=== The [[w:de:Bildmenge|Bildmenge]] <math display="inline"> \mbox{Spur}(\gamma) := \mathcal C := \gamma([a,b]) </math> of one piece [[w:en:Curve#Differential_geometry|differentiable curve]] in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> should not be confused with the graph of a curve which is a part of the <math display="inline"> [a,b] \times \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Notes=== * An example of such a function <math display="inline"> f </math> is a [[w:de:Skalarfeld|Skalarfeld]] with [[w:de:Kartesisches Koordinatensystem|kartesischen Koordinaten]]. * A path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> can pass through a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> either as a whole or only in sections several times. * For <math display="inline"> f \equiv 1 </math>, the path integral of the first type gives the length of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>. * The path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> forms, inter alia <math display="inline"> a \in \mathbb{R} </math> on the starting point of the curve and <math display="inline"> b \in \mathbb{R} </math> on its end point. * <math display="inline"> t \in [a,b] </math> is an element of the definition set of <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> and is generally ''not' for time. <math display="inline"> \mathrm dt </math> is the corresponding [[w:de:Differential (Mathematik)|Differential]]. ==Pathintegral second type== [[File:Line_integral_of_vector_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals zweiter Art über ein Vektorfeld]] The path integral over a steady [[w:de:Vektorfeld|Vektorfeld]] : <math display="inline"> \mathbf f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n </math> with a curve also parameterized in this way is defined as the integral over the [[w:de:Skalarprodukt|Skalarprodukt]] of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} \circ \gamma </math> and <math display="inline"> \dot\gamma </math>: : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \! \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \! \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm{d} t </math> ===Influence of parameterization=== If <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta\colon[c,d]\to\mathbb R^n </math> 'simplified' (d. h, <math display="inline"> \gamma_{|(a,b)} </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta_{|(c,d)} </math> are identical This justifies the name ''Kurvenintegral''; if the direction of integration is visible or irrelevant, the path in the notation can be suppressed. ===Curve integrals=== Since a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the image of a path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>, the definitions of the curve integrals essentially correspond to the path integrals. ====Curve integral 1. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal C} \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \| {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \|_2 \, \mathrm{d} t </math> ====Curve integral 2. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\mathrm d\mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm dt </math> ====Length of curve==== A special case is again the length of the curve parameterized by <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math>: : <math display="inline"> \mathrm{L\ddot ange\ von\ }\mathcal C = \int\limits_{\mathcal C} 1 \, \mathrm{d}s = \int\limits_a^b\| {\gamma\,}'(t) \|_2\,\mathrm dt </math> ===Displacement element and length element=== The expression occurring in the first type of curves : <math display="inline"> \mathrm ds= \|{\gamma\,}'(t)\|_2 \, \mathrm dt </math> is called ''skalar path element' or 'length element''. The expression occurring in the second type of curve integrals :<math display="block"> \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = {\gamma\,}' (t)\,\mathrm dt </math> is called 'vectorial path element'. ===Rules of Procedure=== Be <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math>, <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) </math> Curve integrals of the same type (i.e. either both first or second type), be the original image of the two functions <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{g} </math> of the same dimension and be (698104789). The following rules apply to <math display="inline"> \alpha </math>, <math display="inline"> \beta\in \mathbb R </math> and <math display="inline"> c\in\mathbb [a, b] </math>: * <math display="inline"> \alpha\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_\gamma (\alpha\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x})) </math> * <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[a, c]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[c, b]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math> ==Notation for curve integrals of closed curves== If <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is a closed way, you write : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\int\limits_\gamma </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\gamma </math> and similar for closed curves <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle \int\limits_\mathcal C </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\mathcal C </math>. With the circle in the Integral one would like to make clear that <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is closed. The only difference is in the notation. ==Examples== * If <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the [[w:de:Funktionsgraph|Graph]] of a function <math display="inline"> f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R </math>, this curve will be passed through the path :: <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R^2,\quad t\mapsto(t,f(t)) </math> : parametrized. About :: <math display="inline"> \|\dot\gamma(t)\|_2=\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2} </math> : the length of the curve is equal :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C\mathrm ds = \int\limits_a^b\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2}\,\mathrm dt. </math> * A [[w:de:Ellipse|Ellipse]] with large half-axis <math display="inline"> a </math> and small half-axis <math display="inline"> b </math> is parameterized by <math display="inline"> (a\cos t, \, b\sin t) </math> for <math display="inline"> t\in[0,2\pi] </math>. Your scope is therefore :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_0^{2\pi}\sqrt{a^2\sin^2t+b^2\cos^2t}\,\mathrm dt = 4a\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\cos^2t}\;\mathrm dt </math>. : In this case <math display="inline"> \varepsilon </math> refers to the [[w:de:Exzentrizität (Mathematik)|numerische Exzentrizität]] <math display="inline"> \sqrt{1-b^2/a^2} </math> of the ellipse. The integral on the right is referred to as [[w:de:elliptisches Integral|elliptisches Integral]] due to this connection. ==Way-independent== If a vector field <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> is a ''[[w:de:Gradientenfeld|Gradientenfeld]]', i.e. : <math display="inline"> \mathbf{\nabla} V = \mathbf{F} </math>, This applies to [[w:de:Differentialrechnung|Ableitung]] of [[w:de:Komposition (Mathematik)|Verkettung]] of <math display="inline"> V </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math> : <math display="inline"> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) = \mathbf{\nabla} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) = \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) </math>, which exactly corresponds to the integral of the path integral over <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> to <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math>. ===Dependence of integral boundaries 1=== This follows for a given curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\,\mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_a^b \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t))\cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t)\,\mathrm dt = \int\limits_a^b \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \,\mathrm dt = V(\mathbf{r}(b)) - V(\mathbf{r}(a)). </math> === Visualization === The following image show two arbitrary curves <math>S1</math> and <math>S2</math> in a Gradient vector field connecting point <math>1</math> with point <math>2</math>. [[File:Konservative_Kraft_Wege.svg|350px|center|two arbitrary curves 'S1' and 'S2' in a Gradient vector field connecting point 1 with point 2.]] ===Dependence of integral boundaries 2=== This means that the integral of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> over <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> depends solely on points <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(b) </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(a) </math> and the path between them is irrelevant to the result. For this reason, the integral of a gradient field is referred to as “displaced”. ===Remark - closed paths - Ringintegral=== In particular, the ring integral applies to the closed curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> with two arbitrary paths <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_1 </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_2 </math>: : <math display="inline"> \oint\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_{1,\mathcal{S}_1}^2 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} + \int\limits_{2,\mathcal{S}_2}^1 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = 0 </math> ===Application in Physics=== This is particularly important in [[w:de:Physik|Physik]], since, for example, the [[w:de:Gravitation|Gravitation]] has these properties. Since the energy in these force fields is always a conservation variable, they are referred to in physics as [[w:de:konservative Kraft|konservative Kraft]]. ===Scaler fields - Potential energy=== The scalar field <math display="inline"> V </math> is the [[w:de:Skalarpotential|Potential]] or the [[w:de:potentielle Energie|potentielle Energie]]. Conservative force fields receive the mechanical energy, i.e. the sum of [[w:de:Kinetische Energie|kinetischer Energie]] and potential energy. According to the above integral, a work of 0 J is applied on a closed curve overall. ===Number of revolutions=== Path independence can also be shown with the aid of the [[w:de:Integrabilitätsbedingung|Integrabilitätsbedingung]]. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|thumb|links|Die Kurve (698-1047-1732115943789-341-116) umläuft das Zentrum (698-1047-1732115943789-341-117) zweimal]] If the vector field is not possible as a gradient field only in a (small) environment <math display="inline"> U </math> of a point, the closed path integral of curves outside <math display="inline"> U </math> is proportional to the number of turns around this point and otherwise independent of the exact curve (see [[w:de:Algebraische Topologie#Methodik|Algebraische Topologie: Methodik]]). ===Remark - Complex pathintegrale=== If <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> is replaced by <math display="inline"> \mathbb{C} </math>, complex pathintegrales are treated which are treated in the [[Complex Analysis]]. ==Literature== * [[w:en:Harro Heuser|Harro Heuser]]: Lehrbuch der Analysis – Teil 2. 1981, 5. Auflage, Teubner 1990, ISBN 3-519-42222-0. p. 369, Theorem 180.1; p. 391, Theorem 184.1; p. 393, Theorem 185.1. === References === <references /> ==See also== * [[Complex Analysis]] * [[Measure theory on topological spaces]] == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Calculus Calculus]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20integral https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * [[v:de::Kurvenintegral|Kurvenintegral]] - URL: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Kurvenintegral]]</noinclude> <!-- <noinclude>[[en:Curve integral]]</noinclude> --> [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] 0l1x0oubqry5i6s95opje94nv5d6n0m 2688783 2688782 2024-11-25T12:39:23Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 /* Pathintegral second type */ 2688783 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== The ''Curve'', ''Line'', ''Path'' or ''Conture integral'' expands the standard integral term for the [[w:de:Integralrechnung|Integration]] in the complex plane ([[w:en:Complex analysis|Complex Analysis]]) or in the multidimensional space <math>\mathbb{R}^n</math> or <math>\mathbb{C}^n</math>. The [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weg]], the line or the [[w:de:Kurve (Mathematik)|Kurve]], via which is integrated, is called the ''integration path''<ref name="cite2"> Klaus Knothe, Heribert Wessels: Finite Elemente. Eine Einführung für Ingenieure. 3. Auflage. 1999, ISBN 3-540-64491-1, S. 524.</ref>. The line integral over a closed path are written with the symbol <math display="inline"> \textstyle \oint </math>. ==Real-valued Line Integrale== A path <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is given which is imaged from an interval (e.g. interpreted as a time interval) into the vector space <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t) \in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the place where the value is <math display="inline"> t\in [a,b] </math>. The difference is * Line integral first type and * Line integral second type. ==Pathintegral first type== [[File:Line_integral_of_scalar_field.gif|thumb|Illustration eines Kurvenintegrals erster Art über ein Skalarfeld]] The path integral of a steady [[w:de:Funktion (Mathematik)|Funktion]] : <math display="inline"> f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R} </math> along a continuously differentiable piece [[w:de:Weg (Mathematik)|Weges]] <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> is defined as :<math display="block"> \int\limits_\gamma \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \, \| {\gamma \,}'(t) \|_2 \,\mathrm{d} t. </math> ===Deduction of the path=== <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}' </math> refers to the derivation from <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> to <math display="inline"> t </math>. <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> are a vector. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\dots ,\gamma_n) </math>. ===Remark - Component functions=== The component functions <math display="inline"> \gamma_i : [a,b] \to \mathbb{R} </math> are illustrations for which the derivation with the knowledge from the real analysis can be calculated. ===Example of a path and its derivation=== A differentiable path is defined first <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> with :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} \gamma: & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & \gamma \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} 5 \cdot \cos(t) \\ 3 \cdot \sin(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> The track of the path forms an ellipse with the half axes 5 and 3. ====Derivation of the path in the two-dimensional space==== The derivation <math display="inline"> {\gamma }' </math> of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> results directly from the derivation of the component functions :<math display="block"> \begin{array}{rrcl} {\gamma }': & [0 ,2\pi] & \rightarrow & \mathbb{R}^2 \\ & t & \mapsto & {\gamma }' \left( t \right) = \begin{pmatrix} - 5 \cdot \sin(t) \\ 3 \cdot \cos(t) \end{pmatrix} \end{array} </math> ===Example - Deduction of the Way in the Three-dimensional Space=== Now a vector is <math display="inline"> \gamma(t)= (\cos(t),\sin(t),t) \in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> and <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t) = (- \sin(t),\cos(t), 1)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math>. The derivation vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma \,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^3 </math> indicates the change behavior in each component function of <math display="inline"> \gamma =(\gamma_1 ,\gamma_2,\gamma_3) </math>. ==Task== Draw the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^2 </math> (Ellipse) and plotted the trail of the path in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^3 </math> with [[CAS4Wiki|CAS4Wiki]] plots. ===Vector length of the derivation vector of the path=== <math display="inline"> \|{\gamma \,}'(t)\|_2 </math> indicates the [[w:eb:Euclidean_space#Euclidean_norm|Euclidian norm]] of the vector <math display="inline"> {\gamma\,}'(t)\in \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Picture of the path - track=== The [[w:de:Bildmenge|Bildmenge]] <math display="inline"> \mbox{Spur}(\gamma) := \mathcal C := \gamma([a,b]) </math> of one piece [[w:en:Curve#Differential_geometry|differentiable curve]] in <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> should not be confused with the graph of a curve which is a part of the <math display="inline"> [a,b] \times \mathbb{R}^n </math>. ===Notes=== * An example of such a function <math display="inline"> f </math> is a [[w:de:Skalarfeld|Skalarfeld]] with [[w:de:Kartesisches Koordinatensystem|kartesischen Koordinaten]]. * A path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> can pass through a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> either as a whole or only in sections several times. * For <math display="inline"> f \equiv 1 </math>, the path integral of the first type gives the length of the path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>. * The path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> forms, inter alia <math display="inline"> a \in \mathbb{R} </math> on the starting point of the curve and <math display="inline"> b \in \mathbb{R} </math> on its end point. * <math display="inline"> t \in [a,b] </math> is an element of the definition set of <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> and is generally ''not' for time. <math display="inline"> \mathrm dt </math> is the corresponding [[w:de:Differential (Mathematik)|Differential]]. ==Pathintegral second type== [[File:Line_integral_of_vector_field.gif|thumb|Visualization of a line integral of second type over Gradient vector field]] The line integral over a continuous [[w:de:Gradient vector field|gradient vector field]] : <math display="inline"> \mathbf f\colon\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^n </math> with a curve also parameterized in this way is defined as the integral over the [[w:en:Scalar product|scalar product]] of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} \circ \gamma </math> and <math display="inline"> \dot\gamma </math>: : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \! \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) \cdot \mathrm{d} \mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \! \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm{d} t </math> ===Influence of parameterization=== If <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^n </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta\colon[c,d]\to\mathbb R^n </math> 'simplified' (d. h, <math display="inline"> \gamma_{|(a,b)} </math> and <math display="inline"> \eta_{|(c,d)} </math> are identical This justifies the name ''Kurvenintegral''; if the direction of integration is visible or irrelevant, the path in the notation can be suppressed. ===Curve integrals=== Since a curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the image of a path <math display="inline"> \gamma </math>, the definitions of the curve integrals essentially correspond to the path integrals. ====Curve integral 1. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal C} \! f \,\mathrm{d} s := \int\limits_a^b \! f(\gamma(t)) \cdot \| {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \|_2 \, \mathrm{d} t </math> ====Curve integral 2. type==== : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\mathrm d\mathbf{x} := \int\limits_a^b \langle \mathbf{f}(\gamma(t)) , {{\gamma}\,}'(t) \rangle \,\mathrm dt </math> ====Length of curve==== A special case is again the length of the curve parameterized by <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math>: : <math display="inline"> \mathrm{L\ddot ange\ von\ }\mathcal C = \int\limits_{\mathcal C} 1 \, \mathrm{d}s = \int\limits_a^b\| {\gamma\,}'(t) \|_2\,\mathrm dt </math> ===Displacement element and length element=== The expression occurring in the first type of curves : <math display="inline"> \mathrm ds= \|{\gamma\,}'(t)\|_2 \, \mathrm dt </math> is called ''skalar path element' or 'length element''. The expression occurring in the second type of curve integrals :<math display="block"> \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = {\gamma\,}' (t)\,\mathrm dt </math> is called 'vectorial path element'. ===Rules of Procedure=== Be <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math>, <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) </math> Curve integrals of the same type (i.e. either both first or second type), be the original image of the two functions <math display="inline"> \mathbf{f} </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{g} </math> of the same dimension and be (698104789). The following rules apply to <math display="inline"> \alpha </math>, <math display="inline"> \beta\in \mathbb R </math> and <math display="inline"> c\in\mathbb [a, b] </math>: * <math display="inline"> \alpha\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_\gamma (\alpha\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \beta\mathbf{g}(\mathbf{x})) </math> * <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\gamma \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) = \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[a, c]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) + \int\limits_{\gamma|_{[c, b]}} \mathbf{f}(\mathbf{x}) </math> ==Notation for curve integrals of closed curves== If <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is a closed way, you write : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\int\limits_\gamma </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\gamma </math> and similar for closed curves <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> : instead of <math display="inline"> \displaystyle \int\limits_\mathcal C </math> also <math display="inline"> \displaystyle\oint\limits_\mathcal C </math>. With the circle in the Integral one would like to make clear that <math display="inline"> \gamma </math> is closed. The only difference is in the notation. ==Examples== * If <math display="inline"> \mathcal C </math> is the [[w:de:Funktionsgraph|Graph]] of a function <math display="inline"> f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R </math>, this curve will be passed through the path :: <math display="inline"> \gamma\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb R^2,\quad t\mapsto(t,f(t)) </math> : parametrized. About :: <math display="inline"> \|\dot\gamma(t)\|_2=\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2} </math> : the length of the curve is equal :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_\mathcal C\mathrm ds = \int\limits_a^b\sqrt{1+f'(t)^2}\,\mathrm dt. </math> * A [[w:de:Ellipse|Ellipse]] with large half-axis <math display="inline"> a </math> and small half-axis <math display="inline"> b </math> is parameterized by <math display="inline"> (a\cos t, \, b\sin t) </math> for <math display="inline"> t\in[0,2\pi] </math>. Your scope is therefore :: <math display="inline"> \int\limits_0^{2\pi}\sqrt{a^2\sin^2t+b^2\cos^2t}\,\mathrm dt = 4a\int\limits_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1-\varepsilon^2\cos^2t}\;\mathrm dt </math>. : In this case <math display="inline"> \varepsilon </math> refers to the [[w:de:Exzentrizität (Mathematik)|numerische Exzentrizität]] <math display="inline"> \sqrt{1-b^2/a^2} </math> of the ellipse. The integral on the right is referred to as [[w:de:elliptisches Integral|elliptisches Integral]] due to this connection. ==Way-independent== If a vector field <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> is a ''[[w:de:Gradientenfeld|Gradientenfeld]]', i.e. : <math display="inline"> \mathbf{\nabla} V = \mathbf{F} </math>, This applies to [[w:de:Differentialrechnung|Ableitung]] of [[w:de:Komposition (Mathematik)|Verkettung]] of <math display="inline"> V </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math> : <math display="inline"> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) = \mathbf{\nabla} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) = \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t)) \cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t) </math>, which exactly corresponds to the integral of the path integral over <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> to <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(t) </math>. ===Dependence of integral boundaries 1=== This follows for a given curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> : <math display="inline"> \int\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\cdot\,\mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_a^b \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{r}(t))\cdot \dot{\mathbf{r}}(t)\,\mathrm dt = \int\limits_a^b \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dt} V(\mathbf{r}(t)) \,\mathrm dt = V(\mathbf{r}(b)) - V(\mathbf{r}(a)). </math> === Visualization === The following image show two arbitrary curves <math>S1</math> and <math>S2</math> in a Gradient vector field connecting point <math>1</math> with point <math>2</math>. [[File:Konservative_Kraft_Wege.svg|350px|center|two arbitrary curves 'S1' and 'S2' in a Gradient vector field connecting point 1 with point 2.]] ===Dependence of integral boundaries 2=== This means that the integral of <math display="inline"> \mathbf{F} </math> over <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> depends solely on points <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(b) </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathbf{r}(a) </math> and the path between them is irrelevant to the result. For this reason, the integral of a gradient field is referred to as “displaced”. ===Remark - closed paths - Ringintegral=== In particular, the ring integral applies to the closed curve <math display="inline"> \mathcal S </math> with two arbitrary paths <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_1 </math> and <math display="inline"> \mathcal S_2 </math>: : <math display="inline"> \oint\limits_{\mathcal S} \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = \int\limits_{1,\mathcal{S}_1}^2 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} + \int\limits_{2,\mathcal{S}_2}^1 \mathbf{F}(\mathbf{x})\, \mathrm d\mathbf{x} = 0 </math> ===Application in Physics=== This is particularly important in [[w:de:Physik|Physik]], since, for example, the [[w:de:Gravitation|Gravitation]] has these properties. Since the energy in these force fields is always a conservation variable, they are referred to in physics as [[w:de:konservative Kraft|konservative Kraft]]. ===Scaler fields - Potential energy=== The scalar field <math display="inline"> V </math> is the [[w:de:Skalarpotential|Potential]] or the [[w:de:potentielle Energie|potentielle Energie]]. Conservative force fields receive the mechanical energy, i.e. the sum of [[w:de:Kinetische Energie|kinetischer Energie]] and potential energy. According to the above integral, a work of 0 J is applied on a closed curve overall. ===Number of revolutions=== Path independence can also be shown with the aid of the [[w:de:Integrabilitätsbedingung|Integrabilitätsbedingung]]. [[File:Windungszahl5.png|thumb|links|Die Kurve (698-1047-1732115943789-341-116) umläuft das Zentrum (698-1047-1732115943789-341-117) zweimal]] If the vector field is not possible as a gradient field only in a (small) environment <math display="inline"> U </math> of a point, the closed path integral of curves outside <math display="inline"> U </math> is proportional to the number of turns around this point and otherwise independent of the exact curve (see [[w:de:Algebraische Topologie#Methodik|Algebraische Topologie: Methodik]]). ===Remark - Complex pathintegrale=== If <math display="inline"> \mathbb{R}^n </math> is replaced by <math display="inline"> \mathbb{C} </math>, complex pathintegrales are treated which are treated in the [[Complex Analysis]]. ==Literature== * [[w:en:Harro Heuser|Harro Heuser]]: Lehrbuch der Analysis – Teil 2. 1981, 5. Auflage, Teubner 1990, ISBN 3-519-42222-0. p. 369, Theorem 180.1; p. 391, Theorem 184.1; p. 393, Theorem 185.1. === References === <references /> ==See also== * [[Complex Analysis]] * [[Measure theory on topological spaces]] == Page Information == You can display this page as '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/wiki2reveal.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' === Wiki2Reveal === The '''[https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal slides]''' were created for the '''[https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Calculus Calculus]'''' and the Link for the [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal Slides]] was created with the [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/ link generator]. <!-- * Contents of the page are based on: ** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20integral https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral] --> * [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral This page] is designed as a [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/PanDocElectron-Presentation PanDocElectron-SLIDE] document type. * Source: Wikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Line%20integral * see [[v:en:Wiki2Reveal|Wiki2Reveal]] for the functionality of [https://niebert.github.io/Wiki2Reveal/index.html?domain=wikiversity&title=Line%20integral&author=Calculus&language=en&audioslide=yes&shorttitle=Line%20integral&coursetitle=Calculus Wiki2Reveal]. <!-- * Next contents of the course are [[]] -->; === Translation and Version Control === This page was translated based on the following [https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral Wikiversity source page] and uses the concept of [[Translation and Version Control]] for a transparent language fork in a Wikiversity: * [[v:de::Kurvenintegral|Kurvenintegral]] - URL: https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/Kurvenintegral * Date: 11/20/2024 * [https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Converter]: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity <span type="translate" src="Kurvenintegral" srclang="de" date="11/20/2024" time="17:04" status="inprogress"></span> <noinclude>[[de:Kurvenintegral]]</noinclude> <!-- <noinclude>[[en:Curve integral]]</noinclude> --> [[Category:Wiki2Reveal]] hxchxxq7e6011j8galoizy458kxa6up 0 316598 2688820 2688590 2024-11-25T18:58:14Z DavidMCEddy 218607 /* Highlights */ link Kirk 2688820 wikitext text/x-wiki :''This is a discussion of an interview 2024-11-21 with [[w:Thom Hartmann|Thom Hartmann]] on his recent book on ''The Hidden History of the American Dream''. A 29:00 mm:ss podcast excerpted from the companion video will be posted here after it is released to the fortnightly "Media & Democracy" show<ref name=M&D><!--Media & Democracy-->{{cite Q|Q127839818}}</ref> syndicated for the [[w:Pacifica Foundation|Pacifica Radio]]<ref name=Pacifica><!--Pacifica Radio Network-->{{cite Q|Q2045587}}</ref> Network of [[w:List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates|over 200 community radio stations]].<ref name=Pacifica200><!--list of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates-->{{cite Q|Q6593294}}</ref> :''It is posted here to invite others to contribute other perspectives, subject to the Wikimedia rules of [[w:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|writing from a neutral point of view]] while [[w:Wikipedia:Citing sources|citing credible sources]]<ref name=NPOV>The rules of writing from a neutral point of view citing credible sources may not be enforced on other parts of Wikiversity. However, they can facilitate dialog between people with dramatically different beliefs</ref> and treating others with respect.<ref name=AGF>[[Wikiversity:Assume good faith|Wikiversity asks contributors to assume good faith]], similar to Wikipedia. The rule in [[w:Wikinews|Wikinews]] is different: Contributors there are asked to [[Wikinews:Never assume|"Don't assume things; be skeptical about everything."]] That's wise. However, we should still treat others with respect while being skeptical.</ref>'' [[File:Thom Hartmann on The Hidden History of the American Dream.webm|thumb|[[w:Thom Hartmann|Thom Hartmann]] on ''The Hidden History of the American Dream: The demise of the middle class — and how to rescue our future'']] [[File:Thom Hartmann on The Hidden History of the American Dream.ogg|thumb|29:00 mm:ss extract from interview recorded 2024-11-21 of [[w:Thom Hartmann]] by Spencer Graves about Hartmann’s new book on ''The Hidden History of the Middle Class''.]] [[w:Thom Hartmann|Thom Hartmann]] discusses his recent book on ''The Hidden History of the American Dream'' with Spencer Graves.<ref><!--Spencer Graves-->{{cite Q|Q56452480) }}</ref> This interview was originally produced for Radio Active Magazine<ref><!--Radio Active Magazine-->{{cite Q|Q57451712}}</ref> on [[w:KKFI|KKFI]], Kansas City Community Radio, and for the fortnightly "Media & Democracy" series<ref name=M&D/> syndicated for the Pacifica Radio Network of over 200 community radio stations.<ref name=Pacifica200/> This conversation focuses especially on Hartmann's recent book and the contributions of [[w:Overconfidence effect|overconfidence]] and media bias to the problems he describes. Hartmann is a ''New York Times'' bestselling author of over thirty-five books and a leading progressive talk radio show host for more than a twenty years. His ''Hidden History of the American Dream: The demise of the middle class — and how to rescue our future''<ref name=H24>Hartmann (2024).</ref> appeared earlier this year. It’s the tenth book he has published in the six years since 2019, in addition to at least 25 others published earlier. Hartman has had a varied career. Born in 1951, he campaigned with his father for Conservative Republican [[w:Barry Goldwater|Barry Goldwater]] for [[w:1964 United States presidential election|President in 1964]] at age 13. He was expelled from high school during tenth grade for starting a newspaper that protested against the [[w:Vietnam War|Vietnam War]]. He later earned a GED and studied electrical engineering at [[w:Lansing Community College|Lansing Community College]] and [[w:Michigan State University|Michigan State]]. He founded his own electrical repair business before taking a job as an engineer with [[w:RCA|RCA]]. He also co-founded an herbal products company, a travel company and an advertising agency while also working as a DJ and news director for radio stations. In 2003 he started a talk radio show, which he has continued in various incarnations since while writing multiple books. In 2016 his talk show was carried by at least 80 radio stations, with at least one each in Africa and England. It is currently offered to the Pacifica Radio Network of over 200 community radio stations as a daily show in three one-hour segments plus a compressed one-hour version. More than half of his guests are Conservatives, who are treated with respect. Hartmann’s goal is an informative discussion of issues, unlike some Conservative talk show hosts, who excel in insults. Hartman was a keynoter at this year’s [[w:Grassroots Radio Coalition|Grassroots Radio Conference]] in [[w:New Orleans|New Orleans]] in September. Before his (2024) Hidden History of the American Dream,<ref name=H24/> his Hidden History series included: * (2023) ''American democracy'',<ref>Hartman (2023).</ref> * (2022) ''big brother in America'',<ref>Hartmann (2022b).</ref> * (2022) ''neoliberalism'',<ref>Hartmann (2022a).</ref> * (2021) ''American healthcare'',<ref>Hartmann (2021b).</ref> * (2021) ''American oligarchy'',<ref>Hartmann (2021a).</ref> * (2020) ''Monopolies'',<ref>Hartmann (2020b).</ref> * (2020) ''war on voting'',<ref>Hartmann (2020a).</ref> * (2019) ''guns and the Second Amendment'',<ref>Hartmann (2019b).</ref> and * ( 2019) ''Supreme Court''.<ref>Hartmann (2019a).</ref> == Highlights == Hartmann said he thought [[w:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]]'s (1759) ''[[w:The Theory of Moral Sentiments|Theory of Moral Sentiments]]'' was more important than his better known (1776) ''[[w:The Wealth of Nations|Wealth of Nations]]''. Hartmann also noted that, "[[w:Thomas Paine|Thomas Paine]] wrote a piece called ''[[w:Agrarian Justice|Agrarian Justice]], in which he proposed what we today call the [[w:Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] program and [[w:Universal basic income|minimum basic incomes]]." Hartmann claimed that Smith's ''Moral Sentiments'' <blockquote> argued that it would be possible that with an unregulated capitalist system, you will always end up with a very small number of very rich people, a very small middle class, and a very large class of the working poor. This is the world that [[w:Charles Dickens|Charles Dickens]] wrote all his novels about. We are all familiar with the ''[[w:A Christmas Carol|Christmas Carol]]''. [[w:Ebenezer Scrooge|Ebenezer Scrooge]] was actually the middle class. He was not the rich guy. He had a little, small business. ... He only had one employee. And [[w:Bob Cratchit|Bob Cratchit]], of course, was the bottom 95%. So what Smith's proposed was that government intervention in the marketplace could be done in a way that would produce a larger middle class, and that that might be a desirable thing, and that actually became a large part of the debate in the 1st couple decades of the brand new American nation. And then it kind of faded out until 1933, when [[w:Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] became president at the time that Franklin Roosevelt became President. In 1933, 15% of us were in the middle class. And that was kind of the peak for America. And no country had ever achieved 50%. So FDR said, we're going to create a middle class that's more than half of Americans. We're going to fulfill the American dream. And he did that through things like [[w:Social Security (United States)|Social Security]], [[w:Unemployment insurance in the United States|unemployment insurance]], the absolute right to unionize, [[w:Minimum wage in the United States|minimum wage]]. These were all market interventions per Adam Smith's theory of moral sentiments that produced a middle class, that when Reagan came into office in 1981 was two-thirds of us. It was something the world had never seen before. It was the fastest growing middle class in 7,000 years of modern history. And what what ended up bringing that down is another fascinating story ... In 1951, a fellow by the name of [[w:Russell Kirk|Russell Kirk]] wrote a book called ''[[w:The Conservative Mind|The Conservative Mind: From Burke to Eliot]]'', from [[w:Edmund Burke|Edmund Burke]] to [[w:T. S. Eliot|T. S. Eliot]].<ref>''The Conservative Mind'' was first published in 1953, but was likely written earlier, consistent with Hartmann's comments.</ref> And ''The Conservative Mind'' is even today considered the bible of the modern conservative movement. Edmund Burke was an economist and philosopher at the time of the American Revolution. And probably his most famous quote, "It does me no harm if a man is allowed to engage in a profession as servile as that of a candle maker or hairdresser. But it does society considerable violence if such a man is allowed to participate in democratic governance, in other words, to vote. ... And when he wrote this in 1951, we were not yet 50% of us in the middle class. ... What Kirk said was essentially that if the middle class in America gets too large ... it's going to create chaos., three specific chaoses. These aren't so much in Kirk's book as they are the writings around it. [[w:William F. Buckley Jr.|William F. Buckley]], mostly. # Young people will no longer respect their elders, and that'll produce societal chaos. # Women will no longer respect their place in the family, and that'll produce, family chaos. And # Minorities will demand instant equality with white men, and that will produce absolute social and economic chaos. ... And when Kirk wrote this book, and Buckley was writing pieces about how white people were genetically superior, and all that kind of stuff. He was largely considered a crank even by Republicans, I mean Barry Goldwater was in love with him, but that was about it. ... And so in 1951, when Kirk wrote this book, and Buckley was writing pieces about how white people were genetically superior, ... he was largely considered a crank even by Republicans. [[w:Barry Goldwater|Barry Goldwater]] was in love with him, but that was about it. But then the sixties happened. In 1960, the [[w:Combined oral contraceptive pill|birth control pill]] was legalized by the [[w:Food and Drug Administration|Food and Drug Administration]]. So by 1965 ... a large mass of women were able to control their reproductive capacity and were demanding equality in the workplace. ... The Vietnam war got kicked off in 66, 67, and you had young men saying, "Hell, no, I'm not going to go!" and burning their draft cards and protesting in the streets and on the campuses. And this was also the peak decade of the civil rights movement. ... . And so at that point in the by the late sixties, Republicans looked around and said, "Holy crap! Russell Kirk was right. And we've got to do something about this. This middle class has gotten too large. ... And so, when [[w:Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] took power in 1981, his explicit mission to save the country was to reduce the size of the middle class. It was two thirds of us at the time. It's 43% of us now. How do we get from two thirds down to 43%? The first thing Reagan did is he destroyed unions. Fully a third of us were in unions at that time, which which meant that two thirds of Americans had the equivalent of a good Union job, because the Union employers set the wage and benefit floor for everybody. ... We're down to now 11% union density in the United States instead of 33%. Second, he basically froze the minimum wage. The last time it was raised was about almost 20 years ago. Third he went after social security and changed the way that social security made it taxable and changed the way that the [[w:Cost of living#Cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)|COLAs]] are calculated, so social security would grow more slowly. You could actually retire and live on social security in 1981, you can't anymore. And fourth Reagan dropped the tax rate on the morbidly rich, which caused an explosion, a 51 trillion dollars transfer of wealth from the American middle class to the top, 1% over a 43 year period. And then finally Reagan embraced free Trade neoliberalism and began the process of moving all of our factories from the United States to China and Mexico and whatnot. All of this succeeded in gutting the American middle class. And the real tragedy of it is, you know, this has been a Republican effort since the seventies, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama both signed on with all these things. By and large, Joe Biden was the first president to actually push back on neoliberalism, and he got a lot done. He just never talked about it, which is frankly, I think, why Harris lost the election. ... But the bottom line is that the American middle class has been under assault. And now comes people like Donald Trump saying, "Oh, yeah, you guys, you know, a third of you have lost your middle class status. And now it takes 2 paychecks to have the same status as you had in 1981 with a single paycheck. And you know who did that. It's those black people who want your job. It's those women in the workplace who want your job. It's those brown people coming from Mexico who want your job. That's who did it to you. </blockquote> Hartmann also talked about Denmark, which has been among the three "happiest" countries in the world in each of the annual [[w:World Happiness Report|World Happiness Report]]s between 2013 and 2024, and was the happiest in the first two of those reports. He and his wife, Louise, spent two weeks there roughly a decade ago and interviewed a leading Danish conservative. Hartmann noted that Denmark has free healthcare and asked if he wanted to privatize health care. The guy replied, "Are you crazy?" Hartmann then noted that Danish college students get 300 a month stipend in addition to free tuition and asked if the conservative wanted students to pay for college. The conservative replied, "Are you nuts?" Hartmann then asked, "What makes you a Conservative?" Answer: "I don't want any more of these immigrants." Hartmann noted that in the 34 richest countries in the world, the 34 members of the [[w:OECD|Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)]], last year "a total of half a million people ... lost their homes and got wiped out, because somebody got sick in their family ... . Every single one was here in the United States. Among the 34 OECD countries, there's only one that has more than a couple of billion dollars in aggregate student debt, and that country has 2 trillion dollars in aggregate student debt, and that's the United States. ... Louise and I went to Costa Rica a couple of years ago ..., and the cab driver, who drove us from the airport to the place that we had rented, ... was telling us ... about his son, who had just graduated from medical school ... ." Hartmann noted, "That's really cool", and asked, "How does a cab driver's son become a physician?" The cab driver said, "We have free college here. ... We also have free health care. Doctors make about the same as bankers and lawyers. Nobody's getting rich, but he's not going to be poor. He'll have a better life than I have." Hartmann continued, "Forty-three years of conservative policies of Reaganism have just gutted this country. Every effort to move us forward in the direction that FDR put us on, they've reversed ... . Right wing conservatives on the Supreme Court and our legislature just blocked any serious effort to do anything." All this has been facilitated by the ultra wealthy buying more media, shifting editorial policies to the right. And [[w:Section 230|Section 230]] gives Internet companies a license to make money from increasing political polarization and violence. == The threat == Internet company executives have knowingly increased political polarization and violence including the [[w:Rohingya genocide|Rohingya genocide]] in [[w:Myanmar|Myanmar]], because doing otherwise might have reduced their profits. Documentation of this is summarized in [[:Category:Media reform to improve democracy]]. ==Discussion == :''[Interested readers are invite to comment here, subject to the Wikimedia rules of [[w:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|writing from a neutral point of view]] [[w:Wikipedia:Citing sources|citing credible sources]]<ref name=NPOV/> and treating others with respect.<ref name=AGF/>]'' == Notes == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == * <!--Thom Hartmann (2024) The hidden history of the American Dream : the demise of the middle class - and how to rescue our future-->{{cite Q|Q131016053}} * <!--(2023) American democracy-->{{cite Q|Q131011141}} * <!--(2022) big brother in America-->{{cite Q|Q131011790|date=2022b}} * <!--(2022) neoliberalism-->{{cite Q|Q131013865|date=2022a}} * <!--(2021) American healthcare-->{{cite Q|Q131011157|date=2021b}} * <!--(2021) American oligarchy-->{{cite Q|Q131011437|date=2021a}} * <!--(2020) Monopolies-->{{cite Q|Q131013576|date=2020b}} * <!--(2020) war on voting-->{{cite Q|Q131017302|date=2020a}} * <!--(2019) guns and the Second Amendment-->{{cite Q|Q131012323|date=2019b}} * <!--( 2019) Supreme Court-->{{cite Q|Q131016701|date=2019a}} [[Category:Politics]] [[Category:Freedom and abundance]] [[Category:Media reform to improve democracy]] eoxc16f58mnql4earp8z9vayy8dkdhl 0 316632 2688896 2688299 2024-11-26T08:20:46Z Alexandru.munteanu98 2901947 Add notice 2688896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Non-negociable submission rules:''' * Submission should '''a single file''' in '''.zip''' format ('''NOT .rar or .7z'''). * Name the file you submit '''<firstname>_<lastname>.zip'''. * Code '''must be original''' (i.e. not identical to other submissions). * Code '''must NOT be generated''' using gen-AI tools such as ChatGPT. * Any submissions after the deadline are automatically disregarded. == Exercises == Implement the solution proposed in [[Web Technologies/2021-2022/Laboratory 9|Laboratory 9]], regarding a minimalist blog application, and also add the following features: * Create all the Jinja2 templates needed, making use of the template extension mechanism * Extend the application in order to implement post read counts. Whenever a post is visited, increment it's by 1. * Create 1 additional SQLAlchemy Model that would fit within the scope of the this application. Optional: build a Docker image in order to run your Flask application using the [https://hub.docker.com/r/tiangolo/uwsgi-nginx-flask/ tiangolo-uwsgi-nginx-flask] image (see laboratory 7). s95b8mc4jchsf6f57jzwilm4yz9qmcw 0 316634 2688823 2688702 2024-11-25T20:49:03Z Scogdill 1331941 2688823 wikitext text/x-wiki =Bal Poudré at Warwick Castle= ==Overview== A bal poudré was held at Warwick Castle on Friday, 1 February 1895, with [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Countess Warwick]] dressed as Marie Antoinette. [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]] was part of the house party as well as attending the ball,<ref>"Court Circular." ''Times'', 2 Feb. 1895, p. 10. ''The Times Digital Archive'', http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/AHQju3. Accessed 20 June 2019.</ref><ref>“Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle.” ''Midland Daily Telegraph'' [now in BNA: ''Coventry Evening Telegraph''] 1 February 1895, Friday: 3 [of 4], Col. 4b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000337/18950201/021/0003 (accessed July 2019).</ref> as was "Mr [[Social Victorians/People/Craven|Caryl Craven]], to whom so many thanks are due for the able way in which he assisted his charming hostess in carrying out her scheme, Mr Craven being quite an authority on eighteenth century French art and dress."<ref>"The Warwick Bal Poudre." ''The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper'' 09 February 1895 Saturday: 38 [of 80], Col. 2c [of 3] – 39, Col. 3c. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/18950209/233/0038.</ref> Daisy, Countess Warwick dressed as Marie Antoinette for the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress]] ball as well. Miss Beatrice Fitzherbert "wore a beautiful pearl necklace, with large diamond pendant, and two diamond sprays, all of which were given by George IV. to Mrs Fitzberbert."<ref name=":0">"The Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle." ''Leamington Spa Courier'' 09 February 1895, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Cols. 1a–6c [of 6] – 7, Col. 1a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006].</ref> (6, 4b) Lady Peel wore a costume that, the Leamington Spa Courier says, "was designed by Madame Eloffe, dressmaker to Marie Antoinette."<ref name=":0" /> (6, 6a) ==Logistics== * Friday, 1 February 1895 * Warwick Castle * Hosts, Countess and the Earl of Warwick ==Related Events== * == Main Newspaper Report == The ''Leamington Spa Courier'' had the definitive story in the next issue, a week after the event:<blockquote>THE GRAND BAL POUDRE AT WARWICK CASTLE. A profound impression has been created throughout the country by the enormously successful ''bal poudre'' given by the Earl and Countess of Warwick at Warwick Castle on Friday night last week, a lengthy, but — owing to the exigencies of the occasion — necessarily incomplete record of which appeared in our issue on the following morning. It is conceded on all hands that it was unmistakably the most splendidly organised and artistically perfect function of the kind that has been given during the present century, and certainly unexampled in the annals of the county. In times past, the historic fortlace has been the scene of many gay and festive ''re-unions'', but history gives no mention of one that in any way equalled in point of completeness of detail or magnificence that in which some 400 of the present Earl and Countess’s guests participated on Friday night. For the nonce, the prosaic modern gave place to the splendour of the past, and the luxurious and gorgeous conditions which prevailed at the Tuilleries during the glories of the regime of Louis XV., and the reign of his ill-fated successor and his beautiful consort, were revived in all their sparkling radiance, thus creating a pageant of unrivalled grandeur and beauty, and one that will be long retained in the recollections of those who took part in or were permitted to gaze upon it. Moreover, never, perhaps, had the old Castle had within its walls such a notable company, including as it did, some of the most distinguished personages of the day, connections of Royalty, Ambassadors, of foreign Powers, Dukes and Duchesses, Earls and Countesses, Lords and Ladies, representatives of the three great services of the State, Statesman, lawyers, and other ornaments of the highest and most aristocratic circles. The long suite of rooms, with the abundance of rich and historic art treasures therein contained, was most tastefully and effectively decorated, and the gilded and brocaded furniture and lovely fittings were arranged so as to form a replica of the interior of the Tuilleries at the period which the Countess had, with consummate judgment, selected for representation. Wide-spreading palms were placed at different points, and rare flowers of brilliant hues from Cannes and other parts of Southern Europe were seen on every hand. The whole was brilliantly illuminated by innumerable wax candles affixed to crystal chandeliers, in addition to the rays of the electric light, emitted from glow-lamps so constructed as to simulate candles, and having the bulbs hidden by delicately tinted shades; and when the guests in their picturesque costumes perambulated the apartments, the spectacle afforded was unique and enthralling. The most striking scenes, however, were witnessed in the Cedar Drawing-room when the dancing was in full operation, and again when the richly-dressed and white-wigged guests sat down to supper in the grand Banquetting-hall. The guests commenced to arrive about half-past ten, and carriages continued to roll up until close upon midnight. The traffic was directed by the same staff of police who were in attendance at the recent concert, and these were also assisted by the Commissionaires. Under the instructions of the House Steward, Inspector Hall and his men guided the traffic most skilfully, notwithstanding that the entrance to the courtyard beneath the gateway and barbican is very narrow. Precaution had been taken to fix a large number of lamps along the approaches to the Castle, to minimise the danger of an accident. The guests did not use the grand entrance under the porch, but entered by the door at the other end beyond the chapel, over which a large striped awning served as a porch and a crush room, the interior being decorated with flowering and foliage plants, and splendidly lighted by pendant lamps. They then passed through the armour passage to the centre State Drawing-room, adjoining the ballroom, where they were received by the Countess, the train of whose lovely and charming costume, a la Marie Antoinette, was borne by her little daughter, Lady Marjorie Greville, and a young companion, Miss Hamilton, who were attired as imitation China shepherdesses in white broche silk, and large white satin hats, trimmed with roses and long ostrich feathers, and carried wands. Dancing commenced at a quarter to 11, the music being supplied by Herr Wurms’ Viennese band, the members of which wore the dress of the period carried out in white and gold, and were ensconced in an orchestra formed in one of the arched windows. The ball was opened by a quadrille, in which one set was made up of the Countess and Count Demyn (the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador), the Duchess of Sutherland and [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|M. de Soverel]] [sic] (the Portuguese Ambassador), Princess Henry of Pless and the Earl of Warwick, and Prince Henry of Pless and Lady Feodora Sturt. The programmes of dance music were in book form, bearing a miniature medallion of Marie Antoinette on the one side, and Warwick Castle, set in a little Louis Quinze frame, on the other. The scene, while the dancing was in full swing, was replete with animation and splendid beauty. The infinite variety of costumes, flashing diamonds and other jewels, and a brilliance of colour ever changing with wondrous rapidity, as the dancers advanced and receded, or mingled in the crowd, backed by the cedar pannelling with the light falling from the candelabra and incandescent electric lights upon the fine Vandyck family portraits hanging round it, the large crystal chandeliers pending from the white and gold ceiling, and standing in each corner of the room and on either side of the great marble and alabaster mantelpiece, made up a picture at once quaint, full of life, animation, and picturesque beauty. Shortly after midnight, three trumpeters, correctly dressed in the gold-bedecked uniform of English heralds of the time of Louis XV., took up a position at the entrance to the banquetting hall and gave the signal that supper was served, by blowing a fanfare. Thereupon, a procession was formed, the Conntess [sic] of Warwick leading the way with Count Deym. M. de Soverel followed with the Duchess of Sutherland; then came the Earl of Warwick with Princess Henry of Pless, Prince Henry with Lady Feodora Sturt, the Earl of Lonsdale with Mrs Arthur Paget, and Lord Kenyon with Mrs Miller-Munday [sic for Mundy]. This party of 12 seated themselves at the centre table, other guests occupying the round and oval tables, about 14 in number, and each laid for eight. Special arrangements had been made for the serving of ''souper'', which was supplied entirely from the Castle kitchens, and it was originally intended, when it was thought the number of guests would not exceed 240, that all should sit down together. But the applications from those who wished to be included in what may, without exaggeration, be termed an historical event in the social functions of Warwickshire, were so very numerous that it was necessary to divide the company into two sections. On the centre table was an imposing display of the handsome gold and silver family plate, including a celebrated gold cup modelled by Benvenuto Cellini, and the floral embellishments consisted of choice flowers from Cannes and magnificent orchids from Trentham. The round and oval tables were also handsomely decorated with silver plate. The meal was a truly sumptuous one, and the menu, which was printed inside a little white and gold Louis XV. screen, having a picture of Warwick Castle on one side and “Souper, Février 1, 1895,” on the reverse, included some triumphs of the culinary art. The dessert comprised strawberries, apricots, grapes, pineapples, and other fruits rare and expensive at this season of the year,[sic] The hall, with its shining coats of mail, the magnificent Beauvais tapestry forming portieres and hanging from the gallery, the massive silver candelabra on the tables, and the immense ecclesiastical candlesticks standing on the floor and bearing torches which towered far above the heads of the guests, constituted a truly marvellous sight, and one upon which the eye never tired to dwell. To render the picture more complete, the servants, who flitted about attending upon the wants of the guests, were clothed in the livery of the period, some in white and gold and red velvet, and others in sabre suits of black, all wearing knee-breeches, silk stockings, and white wigs. The staff of servants at the Castle was quite inadequate to carry out the various duties which devolved upon them in consequence of the ball, and Mr J. Hall (the House-steward) consequently found it necessary to engage a special staff of first-class waiters from London. A few privileged persons, to whom tickets had previously been issued, were admitted to the long narrow passage in the thickness of the wall near the roof, which was discovered at the time of the disastrous fire in 1871, to which access is gained through the oak and carnation rooms. After supper, dancing was resumed, and continued with unabated vigour until considerably after four o’clock, the Countess remaining during the whole of that time with her guests. One of the guests made an unfortunate miss of the train which cost him a good deal of inconvenience, and his host and hostess some anxiety. The gentleman in question was taken as one of a large house party in the county to Warwick, and there was a special train chartered from Milverton to carry the guests back to a station near the host's residence. A short time before his party were returning home, the guest went into the smoke-room at the Castle, and though the heard the name of his host called, he thought it was the company of a lady of the same name who were wanted. In the end the gentleman was left behind, and then he drove to Leamington, but could get no train from there. All the hotels were [Col. a/b] full, and so it was no use to apply there for a bed. The consequence was he had to spend the night in a waiting room either at Leamington or Milverton Station, getting back to the country house on Saturday. He will long remember Lady Warwick’s ball. Letters have been received from guests expressing satisfaction in regard to the efficient way in which the police carried out their duties. It may be stated that the numerous alterations and renovations at the Castle, especially in regard to the private apartments, have been carried out by Messrs Bertram and Sons, the great upholsterers, of Dean-street, Soho. As one of the lady guests was alighting from her carriage at the Castle, on Friday night, a large diamond and turquoise ornament, valued at 200 guineas, became detached from her hair, and fell to the ground. The loss was quickly discovered, and, fortunately, the costly ornament was recovered intact. Viscount Dungarven, whe was to have formed one of Mr W. M. Low’s party, was prevented by unforseen circumstances from attending the ball. Mr Perry (Bitham House) was also prevented attending by illness. LIST OF GUESTS. It has been found impossible to obtain a complete list of the names of the guests owing to the fact that the presentation of tickets was dispensed with, and we have, therefore, been compelled to rely on extraneous sources for information. The following is a list of the names of a large number of those present at the function:— PRINCES [init caps large, rest sm] — Francis of Teck and Henry of Pless (Viscomte de Bragabene [Bragelonne?].) PRINCESS — Henry of Pless (Adrienne Lecouvreur.) EARLS — Clonmell (modern Court dress), Rosslyn (Duc de Nemours), Lonsdale (M. de Copinson, Keeper of the Koyal [sic] Stud, Louis XV.), and Chesterfield (Court costume.) DUKE of Manchester (Marquis de Grammont.) DUCHESS of Sutherland (Queen of Louis XV.) MARQUIS of Hertford (Court costume.) MARCHIONESS of Hertford (Court costume.) COUNT Paiffy (costume Louis XV.) COUNTESSES Cairns (Duchess de Bouillon) and Rosslyn (Marchande Coquette.) COMTESSE Ahlefeldt-Laurvig (Dame de la temps Louis XVI.) VISCOUNTS — Southwell (Court dress of the period), and Clifden (Court dress of the period ). HIS EXCELLENCY the Portuguese Minister (Mousquetaire of the 2ud [sic] Company of the Royal Household, Louis XV.) HIS EXCELLENCY the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador (English Court dress.) LORDS — Burford (Mousquetaire), Cecil Manners (Court dress of the period), Churchill (Mons. de Brissac), Kenyon (officer of the Regiment du Roi, Louis XVI.), Clifton (officer of the Guards, Louis XV.), Lovat (Comte d’Artagnas), Richard Neville (Duc de Lauzun), Frederick Hamilton; Royston (Souis Brigadier of Mousquetaires, Louis XVI.), Grey de Wilton (gentlemen temps Louis XV.). and Doneraile (modern Court dress.) LADIES — Norreys (Paysaune Galante), Ann Murray (Madame de Pompadour), Waller (Comtesse d’Artois), Peel (costume 1787), Chetwode, Angela St. Clair Erskine (Lady Mary Campbell), Eva Greville (Polichinelle, Louis (XV.), G. Petre, Feodora Sturt (Madame la Marquise de la Pompadour), Gerard (Duchess de Pognac), Edith Seymour (Lady of the reign of Louis XVI.), Mordaunt (Princess de Lambelle), and Churchill (French Marquise in the time of Louis XV.) SIRS — Algernon Osborne (civilian costume, Louis XV.), Archibald Edmonstone (Mousquetuaire), Francis Burdett, Charles Mordaunt (gentleman of the time of Louis XVI.), and F. Peel. HONOURABLES — Mrs Louis Greville (dress of the period), Dudley Ward (Mousquetaire), C. Finch (gentleman of the period of Louis XV.), Captain Alwyn Greville (Mousquetaire), Mr and Mrs Chandos Leigh, Mrs Alwyn Greville (Dame de la Court Louis XV.), Captain Hedworth Lambton (Courtier of Louis XVI.), Humphrey Sturt, M.P. (Abbé Bouvet), Mrs E. Lyon (''à la'' Watteau), Mrs Dudley Ward, B. W. H. Stoner (Mousquetaire, Louis XVI.), Sidney Greville (officer of the Regiment of the Swiss Guards), Louis Greville (Mousquetaire, Regiment de Provence, Louis XV.), [[Social Victorians/People/Keppel|George Keppel]] (Mousquetaire), [[Social Victorians/People/Keppel|Mrs George Keppel]] (lady, t[i]me of Louis XVI.), Malcolm Lyon, Mrs Herbert Dormer (costume, Louis XV.), Mrs Frank Parker, and Cecil Freemantle (Court dress of the period). BARONS — Macar (Court dress of the period) and Schimmelpennick Van der Oye (Court dress). BARONESS — Schimmelpennick Van der Oye (costume Louis XVI.) GENERAL — Arbuthnot (Court dress of the period). COLONELS — Paulet and Mildmay Willson, C.B. (Scots Guards). MAJORS — Armstrong (modern Court dress), Norris Fosbery (Mousquetaire), and Alston. CAPTAINS — Molesworth (Mousquetaire), J. Barry (costume, Louis XVI.), Somerset (Mousquetaire), Brinkley (Court costume of the period), East (Mousquetaire), Granville (Mousquetaire), Cowan, Lafone, Keighly-Peach, Bruce Hamilton, H. Welman (Court dress), Grant, Towers Clark (Court dress), Allfrey (Court dress, Louis XV.), and Oxley, 60th Rifles. MESDAMES — Armstrong (French Marquise), Gerald Arbuthnot (Court Dame), Armitage (Dame de la temps Louis XV.), H. Allfrey (Marquise, temps Louis XV.), Brinkley (Court Dame, Louis XV.), Frank Bibby (Lady of the Court of Louis XVI.), Everard Browne (Court Dame), Beech, Aubrey Cartwright, Chamberlayne (Court dress), Cowan, Cove-Jones, H. Chamberlain, George Cartland, Cartwright (Court Dame), J. S. Dugdale (Court lady), Blanche Drummond, Lindsay Eric-Smith (Pompadour costume), Fosbery, Wilson Fitzgerald, Fairfax-Lucy (Marquise Louis XV.), Granville, Graham, Gaskell (Grande Dame), Hulton (Court costume), Harvey Drummond, Irwin, Joliffe (Watteau), Edward Lucas (Lady of Court Louis XVI.), Morton P. Lucas (Court Lady, Louis XV.), E. Little, Leslie (of Balquhain), Lakin (Madame Roland), W. M. Low, Leslie (a la Watteau), Beresford Melville (Dame de la Court), J. Menzies (Duchess d’Angoulêne), Molesworth (costume Louis XVI.), Basil Montgomery (Marquise), Miller-Munday [sic] (Marie Therese, Queen of the Sicilies), Robert O. Milne (Dame de la Louis XVI.), Norris, Osborne (Madame de Pompadour), Arthur Paget (Duchess d’Orleans), Paulet, Ramsden (Madame de Colonne), Arthur Somerset (Shepherdess a la Watteau), Smythe, L. Gay Scott, Beauchamp Scott (Lady of time of Louis XVI.), Shaw, Sanders, Fred Shaw, S. C. Smith (Marquise temps Louis XVI.), Tree (Lady Louis XVI. period), Thursby-Pelham (Court dress), Tower (Duchess de Polignac), Towers-Clark (Lady of the Court of Louis XV.)[,] Francis Williams, Wheatley (Lady of time of Louis XV.), West [(]Court costume Louis XV.), and Francis Williams (Louis XV. costume). MADEMOISELLES—Allfrey, Armstrong (a laWatteau), Bromley Davenport, N. Booker (English lady of the Court of King George III.), Booker (Lady of time of Louis XV.), Muriel Bell, Nora Battye, Decapell Brooke, Spender Clay (Mdme Lamballe), Carleton (Watteau, Louis XV.), Chetwode, Anna Cassel, Carruthers (costume of the period Louis XV.), Champion, Hugh Drummond (Court costume), Constance Dormer (costume, Louis XV.), Beatrice Fitzherbert (Court Dame), Lucy (Mademoiselle de Montmirail), Granville, Gaskell (costume, Louis XV.), Hodgson (a la Watteau), Gladys Hankey (Marquese, reign Louis XV.), Irwin, Keighly-Peach akin (Dame de la Cours, Louis XV.), Lakin (a la Watteau), Lister-Kaye, Violet Leigh (Mdlle. de Chévreuse), Murray, Miller-Mundy (Court dress), J. Menzies (Duchess d’ Angoulêne), Naylor (Lady of the Court of Louis XV.), Nicol, Osborne (Mdme. de Pompadour, in garden dress), Perry, Constance Peel, Ramsden (Mdlle. de Colonne), E. N. Ramsden (Mdlle. de Coloane), Rushton (Lady of the Court of Louis XV), C. Starkey, Cicely Dudley Smith (Court dress, Louis XVI.), May Sanders (Louis XVI. costume), Cornwallis West (Mdlle. de la Court), Muriel Wilson (English costume of the period, Louis XV. and XVI.), Fleetwood Wilson (Lady, time Louis XVI.), and Waller (Fille de la Comtesse d’Artoix). MESSIEURS — G. A. Arbuthnot (modern Court dress), W. C. Alston (Infanterie Regiment de Forés), Allfrey, J. Arkwright, W. Armstrong, J. P. Arkwright, Robertson Aikman, Frank Bibby, Bromley-Davenport, Brinckman, P. B. Vander Byl (Mousquetaire), Beaumont, 60th Rifles, L. Bethell (Mousquetaire), Bainbridge, A. E. Batchelor (Garde de la Porte), Everard Browne (gentleman, temps Louis XV.), R. Barnes, Battye, F. C. Hunter Blair (Mousquetaire), Beech (Garde au corps du Roi), C. B. Clutterbuck (Mousequetaire), Cassel (modern Court dress), Collings (modern court dress), Felix Cassel, Caryl Craven (military uniform of the period), Aubrey Cartwright, Chamberlayne, Bertram Chaplin, Cove-Jones, E. S. Chattock, H. Chamberlain, Drummond Chaplin (Court dress), G. Cartland, J. S. Dugdale (Recorder), M. Farquahar (Mousquetaire), Cyril Foley (officer du corps du Roi Pologne Stanilas), Kenneth Foster (Mousquetaire), S. M. Fraser (Mousquetaire), Fairfax-Lucy (Colonel George Lucy), J. S. Forbes (Mousquetaire), B. J. Fitzgerald (Mousquetaire), Francis Fitz-Herbert (Fusilier du Roi), J. B. Fitz-Herbert (gentleman, temps Louis XV.), Wilson Fitzgerald, R. Flower (modern Court dress), Francis, Flower (modern Court dress), Granville, J, Grenfell, Graham, G. de J. Hamilton (Mousequetaire), E. Harrington (Mousquetaire), Hutton, Head, H. T. Hickman (Court dress), Percival Hodgson (Court dress), Irwin, Joliffe, Joostens (Diplomatic Court dress), M. T. Kennard (Maison du Roi), F. Laycock (officer of Pondicherry Regiment), Morton P. Lucas (gentleman of the period), R. W. Lindsay (Court dress, late 18th century), E. Little, Lister-Kay, Lakin (modern Court dress), R. Lakin (the Duc de Brissac), Richard Lant (modern court dress), John Lant (M. Vauthier), H. G. Lakin (the Marquis de Breze), W. M. Low (David Garrick), Meyrick, Murray (Mousquetaire), C. de Murietta (Marechal Saxe), J. Moncrieffe (gentleman of the period), H. Mordaunt (gentleman, temps. Louis XV.), T. J. Meyrick (gentleman, temps. XV.), F. Menzies, H. Molesworth, Basil Montgomery (Courtier, Louis XV.), John Monckton, R. O. Milne (Chevan-le’ ger de la Garde du Roi, Louis XVI.), H. du C. Norris (Court dress, Louis XV.), J. Norris (Marquis of France), Norton (Louis XVI. costume), C. S. Paulet (modern Court dress), Quinton-Dick (Mousquetaire), Arthur Paget, Ralph Paget (dress of Louis XV.), Oswald Petre (modern Court dress), George Peel, W. R. W. Peel, G. R. Powell (Court dress), Mark J. Paget (gentleman of period of Louis XV.), Ramsden (Mons. de Calonne), L. G. Scott (Mousquetaire), H. Spender Clay (Court dress of the period), Smythe, Shaw, S. Sanders (Mousquetaire), F. Shaw, S. O. Smith (modern court dress), M. Oswald Smith (gentleman of the Court of Louis XVI.), Cameron Skinner, W. L. Thursby (Mousequetaire), C. J. H. Tower (officier Gardes Suisses), Tree, Thursby-Pelham, Tower (officier Gardes Suisses), J. H. Wheatley (modern Court dress), Read Walker (officier d'Infanterie), Francis Williams, Montague Wood, West, Gordon Wood and Anthony White. DESCRIPTION OF COSTUMES. Appended are descriptions of the chief costumes worn:— EARL OF WARWICK. Field Marshal, Louis XVI. — Military coat with the long skirts of the period, having turned-back revers of white cloth, laced, after the military fashion, with gold, white knee-breeches and silk stockings. The cravat and ruffles were of lace. A white wig in Louis XVI. style, and a three-cornered black beaver hat with gold braid all round the brim, which was edged with small white ostrich plumes, completed a handsome and artistic costume. A sword was worn in a swordbelt of the period. COUNTESS OF WARWICK. Marie Antoinette — Gala costume. Rich brocade dress, with a ground of a delicate tint of pearl, with a suggestion of pink in it, the design roses in gold, with gold foliage, lilies in white, some small blue flowers and clusters of pink blossoms, with bright old- world green as foliage. The skirt was quite plain, and the [b/c] bodice drawn into shaped points at the hips, so that it sat right out at either side. It was full, and yard on the ground at the back, The bodice was finished with points back and front, and was cut with absolute perfection. Round the shoulders were full soft folds of gold-flecked French silk muslin edged with beautiful gold lace. The sleeves were plain and tight to the elbow, whence they were finished with triple frills of the gold-flecked muslin, each bordered with gold lace, and with ruffles falling from beneath the frills of point d’Alençon lace. The frills were headed with bands of gold embroidery. At the back, suspended from both shoulders by gold cords, was a beautiful Court mantle of deep rich blue velvet, not so pale as turquoise nor so strong as the shade we call Royal, but a bright lovely colour. This was embroidered all over with a raised design of fleur de lys in dull and burnished gold, and was lined with the same blue velvet. The hair was dressed high with a magnificently embroidered head-dress. Her ladyship wore the Warwick family diamonds round her neck as a collar, a turquoise velvet cap clasped with jewels on her white coiffure and a bandeau of family jewels under her cap. Her court mantle was fastened at the shoulders with a tiara of diamonds widened out so as to clasp the cloak from shoulder to shoulder. THE COMTESSSE AHLEFELDT. Dame de Ia temps Louis XVI. — cream silk petticoat, with front of real ha[n]d-worked silk embroidery, done in the time of Louis XVI., the design being convolvulus and other flowers wrought in dull pink, blue, and green silks, and feathers tied with true lover’s knots. There was a bright shell pink tunic-shaped overdress, with Watteau back, edged with real Brussels, white silk stomacher, large pink bows in front and on each hip; and wreath of pink roses. MRS GERALD ARBUTHNOT. Brocade gown with Watteau back and paniers, cerise satin petticoat, studded with large blue satin bows, cerise velvet stomacher, fechu of Brussels lace; head-dress, cap of cerise velvet and blue plumes. MRS ARMITAGE. Dame de la temps Louis XV. — Light grey satin dress brocaded with bunches of cyclamen, roses with green leaves, and ornamented with velvet to match, and groups of yellow and cyclamen roses. MRS ARMITAGE (KIRROUGHTEN). Lady of the Court of Louis XVI. — Bodice and short train, with Watteau plait of pale heliotrope and green brocade, with large revers of heliotrope satin, and bodice trimmed with petunia velvet and petunia and yellow roses and lace; petticoat of heliotrope satin and lace flounces, diamond and sapphire ornaments; hair ''poudré'', with heliotrope feathers. MISS ARMSTRONG. ''A la'' Watteau. — White watered silk, brocaded with stripes and clusters of roses. The front of the petticoat was draped with blue chiffon, and edged at the bottom with pink roses, bodice with blue satin bows in front, and on the shoulders and neck, and sleeves trimmed with full white chiffon and pink roses, powdered hair, wreath of roses and blue bow. MRS ARMSTRONG. French Marquise. — Handsome cream coloured real old brocade with black velvet front, and trimmings of very old point de Venice, and festoons of pink roses. MRS EVERARD BROWNE. Brocaded satin with silver stripes. MRS FRANK BIBBY. Lady of the Court of Louis XVI. — White satin dress, with skirt draped with old lace, pink chiffon sash embroidered with silver; diamond buttons on corsage. CAPTAIN BRINKLEY (WARWICK). Court dress of the period — Claret-coloured coat and knee-breeches, white silk embroidered waistcoat, white silk stockings and old paste buckled shoes, Louis XVI. wig, and Court sword. MRS BRINKLEY. Marquise du Deffant — Train of white brocade embroidered in roses and forget-me-nots, the paniers lined and turned back with green satin and guipure; petticoat of pink satin and old Honiton lace, trimmed with pink roses; Louis XV. wig, with roses and diamonds. THE EARL OF BURFORD. Military costume of Louis XV.’s time — White cloth with pale blue facings, trimmed handsomely and effectively with gold. MISS MURIEL BELL. Princesse de Lamballe — Pink satin brocade, white petticoat, pink roses; hair ''poudré''. MISS N. BATTYE (LONDON). English dress of the period — Light blue satin dress[,] lace fichu, large black velvet hat with white ostrich feathers. MISS DE CAPELL BROOKE. Lady of the time of Louis XV. — Pink figured silk, over white satin skirt, edged with gold gimp, Watteau back; hair powdered. MR BEECH. Garde du Corps du Roi — Crimson coat, white facings, and gold lace. MRS BEECH. Madame de La Fayette — Old brocade, with lace and crimson roses and black velvet bows. MR F. C. HUNTER BLAIR (LEAMINGTON). Mousquetaire Uniform Louis XV., in white, scarlet, and gold. CAPTAIN JIM BARRY (LONDON). Mousquetaire Louis XV. — Black knee-breeches, light blue coat and waistcoat, faced with white, and trimmed with gold lace. MR CARYL CRAVEN. Mousquetaire, Louis XVI. — White and gold. THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD. Court costume — Coat of pale blue corded silk, the cuffs, pocket flaps, and fronts all richly wrought with gold, while the buttons were old paste and amethysts. The knee-breeches were blue silk, and the blue silk stockings were clocked with gold, and Court shoes were worn, with diamond buckles, The waistcoat was of yellow satin, brocaded with pink rosebuds, and having old paste and amethyst buttons. A jabot of old lace was pinned with a diamond brooch, and the ruffles were of similar lace. A white wig was worn with a three-cornered gold-laced and white-plumed hat. COUNTESS CAIRNS. Duchess de Bouillon — Dress of light-hued satin, with relief of pink diamonds, and pink roses in the hair. MR CHAPLIN. Court suit of green silk velvet, with embroidered vest and white wig. LORD CHURCHILL. Court costume — Blue brocade, with steel buttons and knot of ribbon, fringed with silver on one shoulder; white satin waistcoat and blue knee-breeches. LORD CLIFTON. Officer of the Guards, Louis XV. — Coat of pale green cloth, turned back with crimson, and laced with gold. MISS SPENDER CLAY. Madme. Lamballe — A pretty pink and white brocade dress in the style of Louis XV., and with large hat, trimmed with ostrich plumes and roses. She carried a white wand surmounted by roses. MISS CARLETON. Watteau, Louis XV. — Blue silk brocaded dress, with little pink roses, and pink satin petticoat with Watteau pleat, hair arranged with pink wreath of roses and pink feathers. MRS CARTWRIGHT. White satin dress, trimmed with sable and point de gaze lace; musseline de soie fichu edged with lace, and caught up with clusters of pink roses. MISS CHAMPION (NORFOLK). Dress of old brocade; petticoat of Rose de Barri satin, trimmed with pearls and lace; lace fichu, large rose hat with plumes, and pearl ornaments. MRS CHAMBERLAYNE (STONEY THORPE). Marquise Louis XV. — Pink satin petticoat, yellow flowered silk bodice, and train from the shoulders; pink satin ribbon and diamonds in the powdered hair. MISS CARUTHERS (WARDINGTON, BANBURY). Short-waisted dress of period Louis XV.; yellow brocade over yellow satin petticoat; old lace and roses. MR BERTRAM CHAPLIN. Period Louis XVI. — White satin coat and breeches, pink satin waistcoat. MR QUENTIN DICK. Officer of the Household of Louis XV. — White cloth uniform, faced with blue, and braided with gold. MISS DRUMMOND (SHERBOURNE HOUSE). A blue brioche, brocaded with pink roses and leaves, and gaily trimmed with pink Banksia roses, petticoat of white satin, flounced with lovely Brussels lace, bodice [sic] of bioche silk, with white front trimmed with roses and old-fashioned gauze, necklace of roses and pearls, and wreath of roses. HON. MRS HUBERT DORMER (LONDON). Court dress Louis XVI. — Petticoat of pink satin, point lace flounce; overdress of dark red satin, in paniers, looped with red and pink roses, diamond and pearl ornaments. MR J. S. DUGDALE, Q.C. Recorder’s Court dress of the period — Black silk gown with lace ruffles, black silk stockings, buckle shoes, and full bottomed wig. MRS J. S. DUGDALE. A very handsome bright blue silk brocaded with white, and made ''à la'' Pompadour, with white satin front trimmed with dark fur, the bodice made with pearl trimmings, and a white muslin fichu tied at one side under a bunch of pink roses, hair dressed with blue feathers, wreath of pink roses, and a tiara of diamonds in front. [Col. c/d] MISS CONSTANCE DORMER (HASTINGS.) Marquise Louis XVI. — Gown of white silk brocaded with roses, Watteau back. Pearl ornaments. LADY ANGELA ST. CLAIR ERSKINE. Lady Mary Campbell — White muslin costume, with broad blue silk sash. SIR ARCHIBALD EDMONSTONE. Mousquetaire — White cloth uniform, faced with blue and showing a blue waistcoat, the whole having a large amount of silver military braiding. MRS LINDSAY ERIC-SMITH (ELFINSWARD, HAYWARD'S HEATH. [sic no paren] Pompadour dress, period Louis XVI. — Yellow brocade, and white satin petticoat. MRS FAIRFAX-LUCY (CHARLECOTE). A Marquise. — Rich white brocade dress, with blue and straw brocade saque, edged with Brussels lace, and Brussels lace flounce, Vandycked round, petticoat with pink roses, lace ruffles and fichu, and pink roses and diamonds in the hair completed the costume. MR FAIRFAX-LUCY (CHARLECOTE). Colonel George Lucy — Red lilac-coloured cloth suit, Court dress of the period, edged with silver lace, and belonged to Colonel G. Lucy in 1744; silk stockings of the same colour, high-heeled shoes, with diamond buckles, and knee buckles, lace ruffles, and cravat. MR BASIL J. FITZGERALD. Mousquetaire — Uniform of dark green cloth, faced with tan, and trimmed with silver, old point d’Alencon ruffles, tan silk sash, and cross belt of tan and silver. MR B. FITZGERALD. Mousquetaire — White uniform, with orange velvet facings braided with gold, crossbelt of white and gold, a yellow sash, and the high black leather boots of the period. MRS WILSON-FITZGERALD. Dress of the real old brocade of Louis XV.’s reign. THE HON. CLEMENT FINCH. Gentleman of the period Louis XV. — Coat of blue watered silk, with silver trimming, satin breeches to match, white satin vest, and black hat decked with silver. MISS BEATRICE FITZHERBERT. Dress of pale blue satin, lined with pink, with pink roses on the corsage, Louis XVI. period. She wore a beautiful pearl necklace, with large diamond pendant, and two diamond sprays, all of which were given by George IV. to Mrs Fitzberbert. MAJOR FOSBERY (WARWICK). Mousquetaire — Claret-coloured tunic, with salmon-colour cuffs, lace ruffles, &c. MRS FOSBERY (WARWICK). Marquise — Pink satin petticoat, covered with lace, grey and pink brocaded bodice and train, pink roses and ostrich plume in powdered hair. LADY GERARD. Duchess de Pognac — Dress of pale blue brocade, decked with small roses, with front of pink satin; fichu of muslin and lace, and stomacher of lace and roses. LADY EVA GREVILLE. Polichinelle, Louis XV. — White satin gown ornamented at the bottom with a trelliswork of silver, studded with small pink roses; corsage to correspond, and fastened across the stomacher by large diamond hooks and eyes. THE HON. SIDNEY GREVILLE. Officer of the Regiment of Swiss Guards — Coat of pale blue cloth, nearly bordering on green — quite a turquoise shade. The revers were white, and turned back from a white waistcoat braided with gold. The braiding was continued down the white revers of the coat and on the skirts; white satin knee-breeches, silk stockings, Court shoes, white wig, and three-cornered hat, trimmed with gold braid and white ostrich feathers, completed one of the most effective of military attires. A sword was, of course, worn. THE HON. LOUIS GREVILLE. Mousquetaire, Louis XV. — Claret-coloured coat, laced with gold over white; a white silk sash, sword-belt of red cloth with gold, white knee-breeches, Court shoes, silk stockings, and the wig and three-cornered hat of the time. THE HON. MRS LOUIS GREVILLE. Dress of the period — Petticoat of deep rose-petal pink satin, with a full flounce of white lace headed by trails of roses; over-dress of white satin, brocaded with a design of roses and lined with pale-green satin, pointed bodice showing a pink vest laced across, and ruffles and fichu of Mechlin lace to correspond with the flounce. The hair was powdered and dressed high, with an ornament of roses and diamonds at one side. CAPTAIN THE HON. ALWYN GREVILLE. Mousquetaire — Coat of scarlet cloth, cuffs and fronts turned back with white and laced with gold, and broad red silk sash, white knee-breeches, silk stockings, and Court shoes. THE HON. MRS ALWYN GREVILLE. Dame de la Court Louis XV. — Over-dress of pink mirror velvet bordered with dark fur, opening over a front of cream satin, long pink velvet sleeves with roses and fichu of fine old lace on the corsage; hair dressed ''a la'' Princess Lambale. MRS GARKELL. Grande Dame — Blue shot-satin dress adorned with point, d’Alençon lace, veiled with silver tissue under white gauze and tied up by a wide blue chiffon sash caught at the arm-holes with diamond buttons; ornaments, enamelled medallions set in diamonds. MRS GASKELL. Gainsborough costume — White satin and blue chiffon, Louis XVI.; old diamond necklace. MISS GASKELL. Costume, Louis XV. — Blue and pink costume of that period, with a very large black velvet hat, trimmed with blue feathers. MISS GORDON. All in white, lined with blue satin, the front of the bodice made of fine muslin, caught up with small pink roses; and a little wreath of pink roses in the hair, and diamonds. MARCHIONESS OF HERTFORD. Lady time of Louis XVI. — Black velvet dress and train, white satin front covered with old point lace; long pointed bodice with lace fichu, long velvet sleeves lined with white satin, front of dress covered with diamonds. White full-dress wig, with lace lappets and diamonds. MRS ERNEST HUTTON (GROVE PARK, WARWICK.) Marquise Louis XVI. — Overdress of light green satin brocaded with pink roses and faced with pale pink satin over white satin petticoat, with lace flounce beaded with pink roses. Pearl and diamond ornaments. ERNEST HUTTON (GROVE PARK). English Court dress — Black velvet, point lace ruffles. MR H. T. HICKMAN. Court dress, time of Louis XV. — Black velvet coat, knee-breeches, trimmed with white lace. MRS HUTTON. Court costume — Dress with paniers of pale-green brocade over a white satin petticoat having a flounce of lace headed by roses. MISS HODGSON. ''A la'' Watteau — Sang de boeuf coloured satin petticoat, trimmed with old lace, caught up with roses; a corset and polonaise of rose figured satin, the latter trimmed with deep revers of green satin; white wig; ornaments, pearls and diamonds. M. JOOSTENS (BELGIAN LEGATION, LONDON). Courtier, Louis XVI. — White satin knee breeches, claret velvet coat and waistcoat, point lace ruffles. MRS H. JOLIFFE (GOLDICOTE). Marquise of Louis XV. — Blue silk brocaded dress with pink roses, the petticoat of pink satin trimmed with white lace and pink roses, and the over-dress turned back with green satin edged with gold embroidery. LORD KENYON. Officier of the Regiment du Roi, Louis XVI. — Handsome dress of white cloth faced with pale-blue and laced with gold. THE [[Social Victorians/People/Keppel|HON. GEORGE KEPPEL]] (2, Wilton Crescent, London). Mousequetaire — White cloth, with an exquisitely jewelled Order around his neck. THE [[Social Victorians/People/Keppel|HON. MRS GEORGE KEPPEL]]. Lady, time Louis XVI. — Gown of shell pink satin, pointed bodice, with full paniers, of antique brocade of the real deep rose shade known as du Barri sewn with silver thread and bouquets of roses. Full petticoat, of dull creamy-tinted satin, with a deep band round it of silver tissue embroidered with garlands of small leafless roses. The sleeves had long ruffles of old lace. The hair was powdered and dressed elaborately and high, with three rose du Barri feathers in it and a little cap of lace. The shoes were of pink satin, with diamond buckles. THE EARL OF LONSDALE. M. de Capuisan, Keeper of the Royal Stud, Louis XV. — Coat and knee-breeches were of ruby velvet, richly wrought with gold and with rare and valuable paste buttons on the former, while the vest was of pearl-white satin edged with very beautiful embroidery, white silk stockings, Court shoes with diamond buckles, lace ruffles and jabot with diamond brooch, jewelled hilted Court sword, and white wig with three-cornered hat with gold lace and white plumes. LORD LOVAT. Comte d’Artagnas — Military costume of the period in white, faced with blue and laced with gold; an embroidered pouch slung from his belt, embroidered in gold, silk stockings, Court shoes, white wig, sword, and three-cornered hat. MMISS LUCY (CHARLECOTE PARK). Madenoiselle de Montmirail — White satin petticoat, with deep flounce of Brussels lace, caught up with pompom; pink roses; witite brocade saque, laced with pearls; lace ruffles and fichu; large black velvet hat and plumes. MISS LAKIN. Watteau costume — White satin brocade with white satin petticoat, festooned with roses. [Col. 4–5] THE PORTUGUESE MINISTER (DON LOUIE DE LOUVERAL [SOVERAL]). Mousquetaire of the 2nd Company of the Royal Household, Louis XV. — Scarlet, laced with gold and relieved with white, high black Mousquetaire boots, a plastron [sic] embroidered with the Royal arms, white wig, three-cornered hat gold-laced and white-plumed, sword. MR RICHARD LANT (NAILCOTE HALL, COVENTRY). Present day Court dress, with Louis XV. white wig. HON. MRS CHANDOS LEIGH. The Duchesse de Polignac, period Louis XVI. — Petticoat of pale pink brocade, with corsage and train of sapphire blue velvet and lace fichu. MISS VIOLET LEIGH. Mdlle. de Chévreuse, period Louis XV. — Petticoat of white satin, with lattice work of pink roses, corsage with paniers and Watteau plait of sxy blue satin, lined with pale pink satin; powdered hair, with small wreath of roses, pearls, and white plume. MRS ERNEST LITTLE (OF NEWBOLD PACEY). Lady of the reign of Louis XV. — Train of brocade, in white and purple, over dress of satin, trimmed with old lace and pink roses. MR LINDSAY (RED HOUSE, BARFORD). Court dress late 18th century, composed of black velvet. MRS EDWARD LUCAS (15, LENNOX GARDENS, LONDON) Lady of Court Louis XVI. — Pink brocade, with green satin petticoat. MRS MORTON P. LUCAS (THE OAKS). Court lady, Louis XV. — Black velvet bodice and train; and white satin petticoat trimmed Brussels lace and roses. MR MORTON P. LUCAS. Gentleman of the period — Black velvet Court dress, trimmed with steel, white satin waistcoat, and knee- breeches. MISS LISTER-KAYE. Period Louis XVI. — Blue silk brocade, white petticoat, pink roses. MR LISTER LISTER-KAYE. Period Louis XVI. — Plum-coloured velvet coat and breeches, brocaded satin waistcoat. MRS LESLIE AND HON. MRS E. LYON. A la Watteau — Dresses of white and gold flowered brioche, with plain white satin fronts handsomely painted, the design being large, full blown pink roses and butterflies; hip panniers, and the bodices were of gold brioche, with white satin fronts trimmed with lace, large pearls, and Cairngorm jewels, neck ruffles edged with pearls and gold, and aigrettes and velvet bow of pink and gold. CAPTAIN THE HON. HEDWORTH LAMBTON. Courtier of Louis XVI. — Coat of bronze satin, richly-embroidered knee-breeches, and richly-embroidered waistcoat of pearl white corded silk, lace ruffles and jabot, and all the details to correspond. DUKE OF MANCHESTER. Marquis de Grammont — White satin knee-breeches, white silk stockings, shoes with paste buckles, a coat of real old Louis XVI. brocade, with a design of feathers in gold on a cream-coloured background and of pink rose sprays, the fronts, pockets, and cuffs all richly wrought in gold, and with fine old paste buttons. He had also an exquisite real lace jabot, fastened with an antique diamond brooch, a white satin waistcoat finely emboidered, white wig, and black three-cornered hat. SIR C. MORDAUNT, BART. Gentleman of the period — Coat and knee-breeches of black velvet, with waistcoat of black broché, all three trimmed with cut steel buttons; lace ruffles and necktie; white wig, three-cornered hat, gold-headed cane finished with red and green ribbons; black silk stockings, and shoes with silver buckles. LADY MORDAUNT (WALTON HALL). Princess de Lamballe — Bodice and train of rich white brocade, trimmed with lace and wreaths of small pink roses, the train being edged with them all round; over pink satin petticoat, ornamented with bows of lace, lace flounce, and vandykes of pink roses. Hair powdered, over a cushion with curls in the neck, with wreath of pink roses, and loops of pink ribbon: White satin shoes, with pink heels and pink rosettes. Row of pearls round neck. MR BASIL MONTGOMERY. Mousquetaire — Uniform of white cloth and Royal blue velvet, embroidered in gold. MR MONCRIEFFE. Gentleman of the period — Coat of pale ''vieux'' rose brocade trimmed with silver, satin breeches to match, sea-green satin waistcoat lightly worked over in silver, ruffles and jabot of white lace. MR ROBERT O. MILNE. Chevau léger de la Garde de Roi, Louis XVI. — Scarlet cloth coat, faced with gold lace, knee-breeches, three-cornered hat with ostrich feathers, large Hessian boots. MR J. MONCRIEFFE. Courtier Louis XVI. — Coat of yellow brocade, heliotrope knee-breeches, and gold laced heliotrope waistcoat. The coat had paste buttons, and the details as to wig, sword, ruffles, shoes, stockings, and three-cornered hat, were all correctly carried out. MR H. MORDAUNT (WALTON). Courtier of period Louis XV. — Coat of mauve brocade, full skirted and embroidered with gold, the waistcoat of mauve satin embroidered in floral design, knee breeches of shot manve and gold, silk stockings, Court shoes, powdered hair, lace ruffles, jabot and sword made up a costume, correct in every particular, of one of Louis XVI.’s courtiers. MRS HERBERT MOLESWORTH (DEVONPORT, DEVON). Court dress of Louis XVI. — Yellow satin gown in paniers, trimmed with light blue velvet and pink roses. Diamond ornaments. CAPTAIN HERBERT MOLESWORTH (FIELD ARTILLERY, DEVONPORT, DEVON). Mousquetaire, Louis XV. — Claret velvet costume, slashed with pink satin. MISS MURRAY (DIDDINGTON HALL). Short eau-de-nil satin skirt, trimmed band of passementarie, bodice and paniers of pink and white broché, looped up with pink satin bows; trimmed ruching of mousselaine-de-soie over pink satin; white wig; pink roses; ornaments, pearls and diamonds. LADY ANN MURRAY. Madam de Pompadour (after La Tour). — Dress was of white and gold, brocaded with large sprays of coloured flowers trimmed with ruching of vieux rose satin and lace; white wig; lace cap, with lappets and bow; ornaments, pearls and emeralds. MISS MILLER-MUNDAY [sic]. Pink dress with fichu. MRS MILLER-MUNDAY [sic] (Shipley Hall, Derby). Court dress — Petticoat of yellow satin, draped with white silk muslin edged with little pink roses; over-bodice low and double-breasted, of blue velvet with miniature and paste buttons, and revers faced with pale-hued brocade and finished with lace; headdress of Marie Theresè, Queen the Sicilies, a silk handkerchief tied in a knot at one side, very like the portrait of Madame le Brun in the Louvre Gallery done by herself; also plumes and jewels. MRS J. MENZIES. Duchess d’Angoulêne — Dress of pink satin in a loose full skirt, with a frill round the hem, a white muslin bodice, and a blue sash. Her bonnet, one of the period, was of blue velvet, with purple and blue ostrich plumes. MRS BERESFORD MELVILLE. Dress of green satin, lined with rose silk, and trimmed with roses and Venetian point lace. LORD RICHARD NEVILLE. Duc de Lanzun — Military coat of violet cloth, faced with white and braided with silver, violet silk stockings and knee-breeches, a white satin gold-embroidered waistcoat, silver epaulets, a sword in sword-belt, and all details to correspond. MR H. DU C. NORRIS. Marquis of France, temps Louis XVI. — Coat and breeches rose silk, large diamond buttons to waistcoat, and superb diamond buckles on shoes. Sword hilt jewelled in steel. MR J. NORRIS. Marquis of France — Green brocade velvet coat and breeches, white satin waistcoat, diamond buckles to shoes. MRS OSBORNE. Madame de Pompadour. — White silk dress, flowered with dandelions, and made with a Watteau back faced with pink, the petticoat of Rose du Barri silk with |ace flounces and jewelled trimmings, bodice also trimmed with lace and jewels, and long puffed tulle sleeves, drawn with narrow black ribbons; feathers in hair; gold and jewelled girdle. MISS OSBORNE. Madame de Pompadour — In garden dress, pink petticoat with bands of black velvet at the edge, and overdress of white, brocaded with small rosebuds, large black velvet bow on one side under large pink roses, bodice ''en suite'' with lace and roses, and black bow on the right shoulder, and large white chip hat, wreathed in roses, and with black velvet and roses under the brim. SIR ALGERNON OSBORN, CHICKSANDS PRIORY. Civilian costume — Black velvet, with steel buttons, lace cravat, white wig and sword. Princess Henry or PLESS. Adrienne Lecouvreur — A handsome gown of ivory satin, the underskirt full, and embroidered, nearly half a yard deep, all round with gold, turquoise, amethyst, topaz, and briiliant jewelling. On the hip, the upper skirt was caught back with turquoise blue satin similarly embroidered. There were scalloped embroidered basques. Hair high and poudré; ornaments, diamond and turquoise. PRINCE HENRY OF PLESS. Vicomte de Bragebone — Green uniform of an Officer of the Guard of Louis XVI., faced with scarlet and relieved with white, the whole elaborately braided with gold. [Col 5c–6a] C<small>OUNT</small> P<small>ALFFY</small> (A<small>USTRAILIAN</small> E<small>MBASSY</small>). Court dress—Black velvet, point lace ruffles. M<small>ISS</small> P<small>ERRY</small> (B<small>ITHAM</small> H<small>OUSE</small>). Louis XV. period. — Blue brocade, white satin petticoat, with beautiful deep old BrusseIs lace flounce. L<small>ADY</small> P<small>EEL</small>. Lady of 1787 — This costume, which was '''designed by Madame Eloffe, dressmaker to Marie Antoinette''', was composed of a white satin skirt, waistcoat and sleeves of blue satin; the back of the bodice, puffs on the sleeves, and loose train being of striped canary yellow and mauve brocade; a fichu of white satin lace, and frills of lace on the sleeves. A white wig with long falling curls, and a very high turban of lace on a blue bandeau, with feathers and flowers on the left side; ornaments, diamonds and emeralds. M<small>ISS</small> C<small>ONSTANCE</small> P<small>EEL</small>. Bergère of about 1771 — Petticoat of pink satin, with festoons of lace, hooped up with pink and yellow roses; bodice and puffed top skirt of white brocade and pink roses, and large puffed sleeves; Tuscany straw Gainsborough hat, with high pink and white feathers; hair ''poudre''. M<small>R</small> O<small>SWALD</small> P<small>ETRE</small> (W<small>HITLEY</small> A<small>BBEY</small>, C<small>OVENTRY</small>). Court dress (present day), with wig. T<small>HE</small> H<small>ON</small>. M<small>RS</small> F<small>RANK</small> P<small>ARKER</small>. Costume from a picture by Sir Joshua Reynolds — Grey brocade, white muslin fichu and cap; powdered hair. M<small>ISS</small> P<small>RACH</small>. Louis XV., Dame de Cours — White satin bodoce [sic] and tunic, jewelled over blue petticoat, trimmed with lace and roses, coffieur of the period. M<small>RS</small> A<small>RTHUR</small> P<small>AGET</small>. Duchess d’Orleans — A white satin dress bordered with sable and richly embroidered with steel. She wore diamond ornaments across the top of her bodice, down the front of the dress, and round her neck, while in her white hair were three black ostrich plumes. Her dress sleeves were bound with roses. E<small>ARL OF</small> R<small>OSSLYN</small>. Duc de Nemours — Uniform of a Colonel of Dragoons, period Louis XVI.; French grey and cherry colour, elaborately braided with gold. L<small>ORD</small> R<small>OYSTON</small>. Souis Brigadier of Mousquetaires, Louis XVI. — White coat with gold-laced cuffs and collar, a tabard of sapphire blue edged with gold and white embroidery, a diamond Maltese cross suspended on the breast, white knee-breeches and silk stockings, Court shoes, white wig, and three-cornered hat. T<small>HE</small> <small>DUCHESS OF</small> S<small>UTHERLAND</small>. Marie Leczinski, the wife of Louis XV. — White satin dress wrought handsomely with silver, and a regal robe, or mantle, of ruby velvet embroidered with gold. The front of the long pointed bodice was fairly ablaze with jewels — rubies, emeralds, and diamonds — of the Sutherland family collection. Along rivière of very large brilliants was used to loop up the Court mantle at the shoulders, a pointed diadem was worn on the forehead, and a large pearl ornament with pendant pear-shaped pearls at one side. The coiffure was low, in Louis XV. style. L<small>ADY</small> J<small>ANE</small> S<small>EYMOUR</small>. Lady, time of Louis XVI. — Biue quilted satia petticoat, white satin over-skirt and bodice trimmed with broad Valenciennes lace and pale-pink roses; hair powdered, with chaplet of roses and pearl ornaments. L<small>ADY</small> F<small>EODORA</small> S<small>TURT</small>. Madame la Marquise de la Pompadour — White satin costume, with the over-dress full and plain, and opening on a similar under-dress. The sleeves were of satin to the elbow, and finished with ruffles of point d’Alençon lace, while lace was arranged round the top of the bodice. The hair was worn high and ''poudré'', with a black cockade, the badge of the Queen’s Household, at one side. She wore a black satin cap sewn with diamonds and having a diamond aigrette. B<small>ARONESS</small> S<small>CHIMMELPENNINCK VON DER</small> O<small>YE</small> Pompadour costume—Overdress of dark green satin en train, Watteau back, over petticoat of white satin, brocaded with flowers; pearl and diamond ornaments. M<small>R</small> M<small>AURICE</small> O<small>SWALD</small> S<small>MITH</small> (H<small>AMMINWOOD</small>, E<small>AST</small> G<small>RINSTEAD</small>). Gentleman of the period of Louis XVI., copied from an old family picture. M<small>RS</small> G<small>UY</small> S<small>COTT</small> (H<small>OCKLEY</small>, M<small>ARTON</small>). Lady of the time of Louis XV. — Pink satin skirt, with Brussels lace and roses, white brocade body and overskirt, white wig, with pink roses and feather. M<small>RS</small> S<small>MITH</small> (T<small>HE</small> L<small>AWN</small>, W<small>ARWICK</small>). Lady of the Court of Louis XV. — A handsome gown of Louis XV. period, made of yellow brocade, lined and turned back with pale mauve satin and gold embroidery, over a petticoat of moss-green satin, with flounces of Brussels lace, and trails of westeria; bodice of yellow brocade, with fischu [sic] of white chiffon, fastened with green velvet bow and diamonds. M<small>ISS</small> M<small>AY</small> S<small>ANDERS</small> (S<small>NITTERFIELD</small>). Court dress of the period of Louis XVI. — White silk gown trimmed with gold, pink satin petticoat with revers of old point lace; hair ''poudré''; muslin fichu and pink roses. MR S. S<small>ANDERS</small> (S<small>NITTERFIELD</small>). Mousquetaire Corps du Garde de Louis XVI. — White frock coat with silver lace facings, blue waistcoat and breeches, white silk stockings, white wig, three-cornered hat, and sword. M<small>ISS</small> C. S<small>TARKEY</small> (N<small>OTTS</small>). Dress of white brocade, lined with pink silk; pink silk petticoat, trimmed with old lace and wreaths of roses; hair ''poudré'', with pink roses; pearl ornaments. M<small>RS</small> B<small>EAUCHAMP</small> S<small>COTT</small>. Period Louis XVI. — White and mauve satin brocade, trimmed with lace and fur, white wig. M<small>RS</small> A<small>RTHUR</small> S<small>OMERSET</small>. Shepherdess ''à la'' Watteau — Pompadour style, the dress and hat being trimmed with pink roses, and her crook tied with similar flowers. M<small>R</small> O<small>SWALD</small> S<small>MITH</small>. Gentleman of the Court, Louis XVI. — Dark-striped yellow coat, with needlework design in flowers in shaded silk, embroidered cream silk waistcoat, and pale-green satin breeches. C<small>APTAIN</small> S<small>OMERSET</small>. Mousquetaire — Gold cloth with broad gold-bued silk sash. H<small>ON</small>. B. W. H. S<small>TONOR</small>. Mousquetaire, Louis XVI. — Knickerbockers of a dark blue, with a doublet to match, having a cross emblazoned on the breast, and deep point lace collar, white satin coat skirts almost like a simulation of armour below his doublet, and a long military cloak of French grey cloth lined with scarlet, three-cornered hat, white wig, sword, silk stockings, and Court shoes. M<small>RS</small> T<small>HURSBY</small>-P<small>ELHAM</small>. White satin, with white roses and lace. M<small>ISS</small> V<small>IOLET</small> L<small>OFTUS</small> T<small>OTTENHAM</small>. Pink and white brocade over white satin, and pink roses in her powdered hair. M<small>R</small> T<small>OWER</small>. Officier Garde Suisse — Scarlet coat lined with white, blue facings, and three-cornered hat. M<small>RS</small> T<small>OWER</small>. Duchesse de Polignac — White satin, with old lace and rose coloured plumes. M<small>RS</small> T<small>REE</small>. Court Dame, Louis XV — Skirt of pink satin, with a tunic of most lovely silver tinsel brocade, having alternate stripes encllosing bunches of roses and baskets of flowers. Were the usual Watteau back and hip panniers, and the petticoat was arranged with a twist of chiffon above a frill of most beautiful cream lace, over these being a garland of pink roses, caught up on either side with a cluster of pink and cream feathers repeating to the top; the sleeves were made of brocade to the elbow, with hanging cream lace over pink chiffon and feathers on the shoulders, and the dress was completed by pink slippers with pink velvet bows, a Louis XV. fan of great beauty, and a staff of pink and green with green ribbons, roses, and feathers to match the dress. L<small>ORD</small> G<small>REY DE</small> W<small>ILTON</small>. Gentleman, temps Louis XV. — Coat of dark petunia velvet embroidered with gold, a white satin waistcoat elaborately gold laced, white silk stockings, jabot ruffles, wig, sword, hat, and shoes ''en suite''. T<small>HE</small> H<small>ON</small> D<small>UDLEY</small> W<small>ARD</small>. Mousquetaire — Uniform of dark blue cloth, with scarlet facings and elaborately braided with gold. L<small>ADY</small> W<small>ALLER</small>. Comtesse d’Artois — White satin quilted petticoat with a pearl at each corner of the pattern; gown of grey brocade lined with white satin; white lisse stomacher crossed by grey velvet bows fastened with diamonds. M<small>ISS</small> W<small>ALLER</small>. Fille de la Comtesse d’Artois — Gown of pale blue satin flecked with pink roses tied with ribbon, paniers and wreaths of roses. M<small>ISS</small> C<small>ORNWALLIS</small> W<small>EST</small>. Mademoiselle de la Court — Costume after a picture by Roslin depicting a girl about to decorate the statue of Love. She wore an underdress of pale pink satin with gown of white satin with demi-train, lined with pink. The body was decked with tulle, and long tulle streamers were pendant from the sleeves; head-dress was roses and violets, with pink and white ribbons. M<small>R</small> W<small>ILLIAMS</small>. Black velvet Court dress, with Louis XV. wig. M<small>RS</small> F<small>RANCIS</small> W<small>ILLIAMS</small> (W<small>ATCHBURY</small>, W<small>ARWICK</small>). Lady of the Court, Louis XV. — White satin bodice and train, with white satin petticoat trimmed with lace and pink roses. M<small>RS</small> W<small>EST</small> (A<small>LSCOT</small> P<small>ARK</small>). Lady of the Court of Louis XV. — A handsome gown of Louis XV. period, made of white broché silk, with bouquets of pink roses, over petticoat of rich pink satin with deep flounce of Brussels lace, caught up with trails of pink roses; bodice of same broché, with white chiffon fichu fastened in front with pink velvet bow and diamonds. [6, Col. 6c – 7, Col. 1a] ’ 8 aes” a thn =e" , and cirt; white satin petticoat trimmmec la acd white Leghora bat witb Miss Fixerwoop WIrson. ilk, the peau de soie pointed 2 over skirt lined with white, ap with roses, while black roses the powdered hair. 4 splendid stom- nds aod emeralds was wore Coronet Miromar ©.B. (Scots GUARDS). ye 1799—Rad tanic, gold braid, o ite gailera coming above the knee, black s, wig, and theee-cornered, hat. Mes HALL) ou XV. and train of pale with i + loured striped brocade, nk roses; aad 0 f pale { h collar 0 i ibroidered in and hig «3 nd iments, a wig with pic® roses SE). Mas Witte Low eX) y Duchess of h—Dress cop! from the portrait of the Hon. Mrs G raham, in with pink satin petticoat, a big black hat ¢ with white plumes, with diamonds. Mr W. M. Low. David Garrick—Costume worn by the actor, Mr Richard ndham, when impereo nating ivet coat, purp le satin character, ‘of rich purple ve waistcoat and knee-breeches, steel buttons, purple silk stockings, diamond buckles, black three-cor hat, and steel sword. ee ct y .<ref>"The Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle." ''Leamington Spa Courier'' 09 February 1895, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Cols. 1a–6c [of 6] – 7, Col. 1a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006].</ref></blockquote> ==Anthology== ====Quote Intro==== The day of the ball, the ''Coventry Evening Telegraph'' published the following:<blockquote>GRAND BAL POUDRE AT WARWICK CASTLE. Writing this morning our Warwick representative says: Warwick Castle will tonight be the scene of a memorable spectacle, the Earl and Countess of Warwick having invited about four hundred guests to a ''bal poudre'', in which the costumes were to be of the style of the Louis XIV. and XV. period. The event has been looked forward to with considerable interest by the ''élite'' of the fashionable world, on account of the prominent position occupied by the Countess in society. Great preparations were made the Castle, the greater portion of which has been most lavishly decorated in the light and airy French style of the period. The dancing will take place in the Cedar drawing-room, the adjoining rooms having been set apart as retiring rooms. Supper will be served in the Great Hall, where the whole of the guests will be able to sit down together. The decorations have been carried out under the personal supervision of the hostess, who has received the valuable assistance and advice of Mr. Caryll Craven. The dance music will be supplied by Worm's famous "White Viennese" Band, while Johnson's (Manchester) Band will discourse in the supper room. The hostess will be dressed as "Mary Antoinette," Queen of Louis XVI. Her costume will be of rose-coloured brocade with a gold pattern, and a sky-blue velvet train embroidered with gold fleur-de lys. Lady Warwick's relative, the Duchess of Sutherland, will appear as the wife of Louis XV. in a costume of white and silver with crimson velvet train and silver fleur-de-lys. Lord Warwick will be in the dress of a military officer of the period, while Prince Francis of Teck has signified his intention of appearing in the uniform of "the Royals" (of the period). Owing to the demise of Lord Randolph Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough will not be present. The house party at the Castle included the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, the Portuguese Minister, Prince Francis of Teck, Prince and Princess Henry of Pless and Miss Cornwallis West, Duchess of Sutherland and Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine, Duke of Manchester, Earl and Countess of Rosslyn, Earl of Lonsdale, Earl of Burford, Earl of Chesterfield, Countess Cairns, Lord Clifden, Lord Kenyon, Lady Gerard, Lord Grey de Wilton, Lord Royston, Lord Lovat, Lady Norreys, Lady Eva Greville, Lord Richard Neville, Hon H. and Lady Fedora Sturt, Hon. H. Stonor, Captain the Hon. Hedworth Lambton, Mr. F. Menzies and Miss Muriel Wilson, Miss Naylor, Mr. Arthur Paget, Mr. Cyril Foley, Mr. C. de Murietta, and Mr. Layoock. The following accepted invitations to the ball, and most of them brought parties with them, the guests numbering in all about four hundred:— The Earl and Countess of Aylesford, Mr. and Mrs. Aubrey Cartwright, Mr. and Mrs. J. Stratford Dugdale, Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlayne, Sir C. and Lady Mordaunt, Mr. and Mrs. Smythe, Lord and Lady Hertford, Lady and Miss Waller, Mr. J. and Mr. J. P. Arkwright, Mr. and Mrs. M. Lucas, Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Dugdale (18), Mr., Lady Anne, and Miss Murray, Captain and Mrs. Brinkley, Mr. and Mrs. Guy Scott, Mr., Mrs., and Miss Irwin, Mr. and Miss Perry, Major and Mrs. Fosbery, Mr. Lindsay, Mr. R. Paget, Sir A. and Lady Hodgson, Mrs. Beauchamp Scott, Major and Mrs. Norris, Mr. and Mrs. Tree, Mr., Mrs. and Miss Granville, Mr. and Mrs. Joliffe, Captain and Mrs. Osborne, Mr. and Mrs. E. Little, Mr., Mrs., and Miss Lakin, Officers 6th Reg. District, Mr. Batchelor, Hon. Mrs. and Miss Chandos Leigh, Colonel and Mrs. Paulet, Mr. F. Hunter Blair, Mr. J. Alston, Mr. and Mrs. Hutton, Captain and Mrs. Cowan, Mr. and Mrs. Williams, Mr. and the Misses Allfrey, Mr. and Mrs. Wilson Fitzgerald, Mr. and Mrs. W. Allfrey, Mrs. and Miss Drummond, Mr. and Mrs. Shaw, Mr. R. and Mr. J. Lant, Mr. and Mrs. Sanders and party, Captain Lafone, Sir F. and Lady Peel, Captain and Mrs. Keighly-Peach, Miss Nicol and party, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Shaw, Mr. and Mrs. Cove Jones, Mr. and Lady G. Petre, Mr. R. Barnes, Mr. and Mrs. Wheatley, Mr., Mrs., and Miss Ramsden, Mr. and Mrs. W. M. Low, Mrs. Basil Montgomery, Mr. and Mrs. Thursby-Pelham, Mr. and Mrs. H. Chamberlain, Mr. Francis, Mr. and Mrs. Graham, Mr. and Mrs. West, Mr. and Mrs. Sam Smith, Officers 17th Lancers.<ref>"Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle." ''Coventry Evening Telegraph'' 01 February 1895, Friday: 3 [of 4], Col. 4a–b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000337/18950201/021/0003.</ref></blockquote>The report from the ''Morning Post'' the next day:<blockquote>The Countess of Warwick's Bal Poudré at Warwick Castle last night was attended by a company of nearly 400 guests, and was a brilliant success. The magnificent suite of apartments was superbly decorated with choice flowers, while the many treasures of antiquity and historic interest which the Castle contains were displayed in the various rooms. The choice of costume was restricted to the period covering the reigns of Louis XV. and Louis XVI., with powdered hair or white wigs, but gentlemen were given the option of appearing in English Court dress with Louis XV. wigs. The Countess of Warwick, who represented Marie Antoinette, wore a dress of rose-coloured material brocaded with gold, with a train of sky-blue velvet, embroidered with fleur-de-lis. The Earl of Warwick was attired in a Maison du Roi costume of rich velvet, with gold and diamond buttons. Prince Francis of Teck wore the uniform of the period of his own regiment, the Royals. The Duchess of Sutherland, as the wife of Louis XV., was in a costume of white and silver, with a crimson velvet train embroidered with silver fleur-de-lis. Prince Henry of Pless wore a blue military dress of the period with red facings, while the Earl of Rosslyn donned the uniform of a Colonel of the reign of Louis XVI. The Hon. H. Sturt represented the Church of the period as an Abbé, and Mr. W. Low the stage as David Garrick. Amongst the other guests were the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, the Portuguese Minister, Princess Henry of Pless, Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine, the Duke of Manchester, the Earl and Countess of Rosslyn, the Earl of Lonsdale, the Earl of Burford, the Earl of Chesterfield, Countess Cairns, Lord Clifden, Lord Kenyon, Lady Gerard, Lord Grey de Wilton, Lord Royston, Lord Lovat, Lady Norreys, Lady Eva Greville, Lord Richard Nevill, Lady Feodorowna Sturt, the Hon. S. Greville, the Hon. H. Stonor, Captain the Hon. Hedworth Lambton, Mrs. Menzies, Miss Muriel Wilson [sic no comma] Miss Naylor, Mr. Arthur Paget, Mr. Cyril Foley, Mr. C. de Murrieta, Mr. Caryl Craven, Mr. Kennard, and Mr. Laycock. The Countess of Aylesford brought a large party from Packington Hall. Herr Würm's White Viennese Band occupied the orchestra. Dancing commenced at nine o'clock, and at midnight the entire company sat down to supper in the large banqueting hall. The assembly was undoubtedly one of the most brilliant which has ever been gathered together within the walls of the historic Castle.<ref>"Arrangements for This Day." ''Morning Post'' 02 February 1895, Saturday: 5 [of 10], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18950202/052/0005.</ref></blockquote> == Notes and Questions == # ==References== rwf3016jecojfn1e9caigvv9wf8kawl 2688843 2688823 2024-11-25T23:42:32Z Scogdill 1331941 2688843 wikitext text/x-wiki =Bal Poudré at Warwick Castle= ==Overview== A bal poudré was held at Warwick Castle on Friday, 1 February 1895, with [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Countess Warwick]] dressed as Marie Antoinette. [[Social Victorians/People/Muriel Wilson|Muriel Wilson]] was part of the house party as well as attending the ball,<ref>"Court Circular." ''Times'', 2 Feb. 1895, p. 10. ''The Times Digital Archive'', http://tinyurl.galegroup.com/tinyurl/AHQju3. Accessed 20 June 2019.</ref><ref>“Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle.” ''Midland Daily Telegraph'' [now in BNA: ''Coventry Evening Telegraph''] 1 February 1895, Friday: 3 [of 4], Col. 4b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000337/18950201/021/0003 (accessed July 2019).</ref> as was "Mr [[Social Victorians/People/Craven|Caryl Craven]], to whom so many thanks are due for the able way in which he assisted his charming hostess in carrying out her scheme, Mr Craven being quite an authority on eighteenth century French art and dress."<ref>"The Warwick Bal Poudre." ''The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper'' 09 February 1895 Saturday: 38 [of 80], Col. 2c [of 3] – 39, Col. 3c. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/18950209/233/0038.</ref> Daisy, Countess Warwick dressed as Marie Antoinette for the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress]] ball as well. Miss Beatrice Fitzherbert "wore a beautiful pearl necklace, with large diamond pendant, and two diamond sprays, all of which were given by George IV. to Mrs Fitzberbert."<ref name=":0">"The Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle." ''Leamington Spa Courier'' 09 February 1895, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Cols. 1a–6c [of 6] – 7, Col. 1a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006].</ref> (6, 4b) Lady Peel wore a costume that, the Leamington Spa Courier says, "was designed by Madame Eloffe, dressmaker to Marie Antoinette."<ref name=":0" /> (6, 6a) ==Logistics== * Friday, 1 February 1895 * Warwick Castle * Hosts, Countess and the Earl of Warwick ==Related Events== * == Main Newspaper Report == The ''Leamington Spa Courier'' had the definitive story in the next issue, a week after the event:<blockquote>THE GRAND BAL POUDRE AT WARWICK CASTLE. A profound impression has been created throughout the country by the enormously successful ''bal poudre'' given by the Earl and Countess of Warwick at Warwick Castle on Friday night last week, a lengthy, but — owing to the exigencies of the occasion — necessarily incomplete record of which appeared in our issue on the following morning. It is conceded on all hands that it was unmistakably the most splendidly organised and artistically perfect function of the kind that has been given during the present century, and certainly unexampled in the annals of the county. In times past, the historic fortlace has been the scene of many gay and festive ''re-unions'', but history gives no mention of one that in any way equalled in point of completeness of detail or magnificence that in which some 400 of the present Earl and Countess’s guests participated on Friday night. For the nonce, the prosaic modern gave place to the splendour of the past, and the luxurious and gorgeous conditions which prevailed at the Tuilleries during the glories of the regime of Louis XV., and the reign of his ill-fated successor and his beautiful consort, were revived in all their sparkling radiance, thus creating a pageant of unrivalled grandeur and beauty, and one that will be long retained in the recollections of those who took part in or were permitted to gaze upon it. Moreover, never, perhaps, had the old Castle had within its walls such a notable company, including as it did, some of the most distinguished personages of the day, connections of Royalty, Ambassadors, of foreign Powers, Dukes and Duchesses, Earls and Countesses, Lords and Ladies, representatives of the three great services of the State, Statesman, lawyers, and other ornaments of the highest and most aristocratic circles. The long suite of rooms, with the abundance of rich and historic art treasures therein contained, was most tastefully and effectively decorated, and the gilded and brocaded furniture and lovely fittings were arranged so as to form a replica of the interior of the Tuilleries at the period which the Countess had, with consummate judgment, selected for representation. Wide-spreading palms were placed at different points, and rare flowers of brilliant hues from Cannes and other parts of Southern Europe were seen on every hand. The whole was brilliantly illuminated by innumerable wax candles affixed to crystal chandeliers, in addition to the rays of the electric light, emitted from glow-lamps so constructed as to simulate candles, and having the bulbs hidden by delicately tinted shades; and when the guests in their picturesque costumes perambulated the apartments, the spectacle afforded was unique and enthralling. The most striking scenes, however, were witnessed in the Cedar Drawing-room when the dancing was in full operation, and again when the richly-dressed and white-wigged guests sat down to supper in the grand Banquetting-hall. The guests commenced to arrive about half-past ten, and carriages continued to roll up until close upon midnight. The traffic was directed by the same staff of police who were in attendance at the recent concert, and these were also assisted by the Commissionaires. Under the instructions of the House Steward, Inspector Hall and his men guided the traffic most skilfully, notwithstanding that the entrance to the courtyard beneath the gateway and barbican is very narrow. Precaution had been taken to fix a large number of lamps along the approaches to the Castle, to minimise the danger of an accident. The guests did not use the grand entrance under the porch, but entered by the door at the other end beyond the chapel, over which a large striped awning served as a porch and a crush room, the interior being decorated with flowering and foliage plants, and splendidly lighted by pendant lamps. They then passed through the armour passage to the centre State Drawing-room, adjoining the ballroom, where they were received by the Countess, the train of whose lovely and charming costume, a la Marie Antoinette, was borne by her little daughter, Lady Marjorie Greville, and a young companion, Miss Hamilton, who were attired as imitation China shepherdesses in white broche silk, and large white satin hats, trimmed with roses and long ostrich feathers, and carried wands. Dancing commenced at a quarter to 11, the music being supplied by Herr Wurms’ Viennese band, the members of which wore the dress of the period carried out in white and gold, and were ensconced in an orchestra formed in one of the arched windows. The ball was opened by a quadrille, in which one set was made up of the Countess and Count Demyn (the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador), the Duchess of Sutherland and [[Social Victorians/People/de Soveral|M. de Soverel]] [sic] (the Portuguese Ambassador), Princess Henry of Pless and the Earl of Warwick, and Prince Henry of Pless and Lady Feodora Sturt. The programmes of dance music were in book form, bearing a miniature medallion of Marie Antoinette on the one side, and Warwick Castle, set in a little Louis Quinze frame, on the other. The scene, while the dancing was in full swing, was replete with animation and splendid beauty. The infinite variety of costumes, flashing diamonds and other jewels, and a brilliance of colour ever changing with wondrous rapidity, as the dancers advanced and receded, or mingled in the crowd, backed by the cedar pannelling with the light falling from the candelabra and incandescent electric lights upon the fine Vandyck family portraits hanging round it, the large crystal chandeliers pending from the white and gold ceiling, and standing in each corner of the room and on either side of the great marble and alabaster mantelpiece, made up a picture at once quaint, full of life, animation, and picturesque beauty. Shortly after midnight, three trumpeters, correctly dressed in the gold-bedecked uniform of English heralds of the time of Louis XV., took up a position at the entrance to the banquetting hall and gave the signal that supper was served, by blowing a fanfare. Thereupon, a procession was formed, the Conntess [sic] of Warwick leading the way with Count Deym. M. de Soverel followed with the Duchess of Sutherland; then came the Earl of Warwick with Princess Henry of Pless, Prince Henry with Lady Feodora Sturt, the Earl of Lonsdale with Mrs Arthur Paget, and Lord Kenyon with Mrs Miller-Munday [sic for Mundy]. This party of 12 seated themselves at the centre table, other guests occupying the round and oval tables, about 14 in number, and each laid for eight. Special arrangements had been made for the serving of ''souper'', which was supplied entirely from the Castle kitchens, and it was originally intended, when it was thought the number of guests would not exceed 240, that all should sit down together. But the applications from those who wished to be included in what may, without exaggeration, be termed an historical event in the social functions of Warwickshire, were so very numerous that it was necessary to divide the company into two sections. On the centre table was an imposing display of the handsome gold and silver family plate, including a celebrated gold cup modelled by Benvenuto Cellini, and the floral embellishments consisted of choice flowers from Cannes and magnificent orchids from Trentham. The round and oval tables were also handsomely decorated with silver plate. The meal was a truly sumptuous one, and the menu, which was printed inside a little white and gold Louis XV. screen, having a picture of Warwick Castle on one side and “Souper, Février 1, 1895,” on the reverse, included some triumphs of the culinary art. The dessert comprised strawberries, apricots, grapes, pineapples, and other fruits rare and expensive at this season of the year,[sic] The hall, with its shining coats of mail, the magnificent Beauvais tapestry forming portieres and hanging from the gallery, the massive silver candelabra on the tables, and the immense ecclesiastical candlesticks standing on the floor and bearing torches which towered far above the heads of the guests, constituted a truly marvellous sight, and one upon which the eye never tired to dwell. To render the picture more complete, the servants, who flitted about attending upon the wants of the guests, were clothed in the livery of the period, some in white and gold and red velvet, and others in sabre suits of black, all wearing knee-breeches, silk stockings, and white wigs. The staff of servants at the Castle was quite inadequate to carry out the various duties which devolved upon them in consequence of the ball, and Mr J. Hall (the House-steward) consequently found it necessary to engage a special staff of first-class waiters from London. A few privileged persons, to whom tickets had previously been issued, were admitted to the long narrow passage in the thickness of the wall near the roof, which was discovered at the time of the disastrous fire in 1871, to which access is gained through the oak and carnation rooms. After supper, dancing was resumed, and continued with unabated vigour until considerably after four o’clock, the Countess remaining during the whole of that time with her guests. One of the guests made an unfortunate miss of the train which cost him a good deal of inconvenience, and his host and hostess some anxiety. The gentleman in question was taken as one of a large house party in the county to Warwick, and there was a special train chartered from Milverton to carry the guests back to a station near the host's residence. A short time before his party were returning home, the guest went into the smoke-room at the Castle, and though the heard the name of his host called, he thought it was the company of a lady of the same name who were wanted. In the end the gentleman was left behind, and then he drove to Leamington, but could get no train from there. All the hotels were [Col. a/b] full, and so it was no use to apply there for a bed. The consequence was he had to spend the night in a waiting room either at Leamington or Milverton Station, getting back to the country house on Saturday. He will long remember Lady Warwick’s ball. Letters have been received from guests expressing satisfaction in regard to the efficient way in which the police carried out their duties. It may be stated that the numerous alterations and renovations at the Castle, especially in regard to the private apartments, have been carried out by Messrs Bertram and Sons, the great upholsterers, of Dean-street, Soho. As one of the lady guests was alighting from her carriage at the Castle, on Friday night, a large diamond and turquoise ornament, valued at 200 guineas, became detached from her hair, and fell to the ground. The loss was quickly discovered, and, fortunately, the costly ornament was recovered intact. Viscount Dungarven, whe was to have formed one of Mr W. M. Low’s party, was prevented by unforseen circumstances from attending the ball. Mr Perry (Bitham House) was also prevented attending by illness. LIST OF GUESTS. It has been found impossible to obtain a complete list of the names of the guests owing to the fact that the presentation of tickets was dispensed with, and we have, therefore, been compelled to rely on extraneous sources for information. The following is a list of the names of a large number of those present at the function:— PRINCES [init caps large, rest sm] — Francis of Teck and Henry of Pless (Viscomte de Bragabene [Bragelonne?].) PRINCESS — Henry of Pless (Adrienne Lecouvreur.) EARLS — Clonmell (modern Court dress), Rosslyn (Duc de Nemours), Lonsdale (M. de Copinson, Keeper of the Koyal [sic] Stud, Louis XV.), and Chesterfield (Court costume.) DUKE of Manchester (Marquis de Grammont.) DUCHESS of Sutherland (Queen of Louis XV.) MARQUIS of Hertford (Court costume.) MARCHIONESS of Hertford (Court costume.) COUNT Paiffy (costume Louis XV.) COUNTESSES Cairns (Duchess de Bouillon) and Rosslyn (Marchande Coquette.) COMTESSE Ahlefeldt-Laurvig (Dame de la temps Louis XVI.) VISCOUNTS — Southwell (Court dress of the period), and Clifden (Court dress of the period ). HIS EXCELLENCY the Portuguese Minister (Mousquetaire of the 2ud [sic] Company of the Royal Household, Louis XV.) HIS EXCELLENCY the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador (English Court dress.) LORDS — Burford (Mousquetaire), Cecil Manners (Court dress of the period), Churchill (Mons. de Brissac), Kenyon (officer of the Regiment du Roi, Louis XVI.), Clifton (officer of the Guards, Louis XV.), Lovat (Comte d’Artagnas), Richard Neville (Duc de Lauzun), Frederick Hamilton; Royston (Souis Brigadier of Mousquetaires, Louis XVI.), Grey de Wilton (gentlemen temps Louis XV.). and Doneraile (modern Court dress.) LADIES — Norreys (Paysaune Galante), Ann Murray (Madame de Pompadour), Waller (Comtesse d’Artois), Peel (costume 1787), Chetwode, Angela St. Clair Erskine (Lady Mary Campbell), Eva Greville (Polichinelle, Louis (XV.), G. Petre, Feodora Sturt (Madame la Marquise de la Pompadour), Gerard (Duchess de Pognac), Edith Seymour (Lady of the reign of Louis XVI.), Mordaunt (Princess de Lambelle), and Churchill (French Marquise in the time of Louis XV.) SIRS — Algernon Osborne (civilian costume, Louis XV.), Archibald Edmonstone (Mousquetuaire), Francis Burdett, Charles Mordaunt (gentleman of the time of Louis XVI.), and F. Peel. HONOURABLES — Mrs Louis Greville (dress of the period), Dudley Ward (Mousquetaire), C. Finch (gentleman of the period of Louis XV.), Captain Alwyn Greville (Mousquetaire), Mr and Mrs Chandos Leigh, Mrs Alwyn Greville (Dame de la Court Louis XV.), Captain Hedworth Lambton (Courtier of Louis XVI.), Humphrey Sturt, M.P. (Abbé Bouvet), Mrs E. Lyon (''à la'' Watteau), Mrs Dudley Ward, B. W. H. Stoner (Mousquetaire, Louis XVI.), Sidney Greville (officer of the Regiment of the Swiss Guards), Louis Greville (Mousquetaire, Regiment de Provence, Louis XV.), [[Social Victorians/People/Keppel|George Keppel]] (Mousquetaire), [[Social Victorians/People/Keppel|Mrs George Keppel]] (lady, t[i]me of Louis XVI.), Malcolm Lyon, Mrs Herbert Dormer (costume, Louis XV.), Mrs Frank Parker, and Cecil Freemantle (Court dress of the period). BARONS — Macar (Court dress of the period) and Schimmelpennick Van der Oye (Court dress). BARONESS — Schimmelpennick Van der Oye (costume Louis XVI.) GENERAL — Arbuthnot (Court dress of the period). COLONELS — Paulet and Mildmay Willson, C.B. (Scots Guards). MAJORS — Armstrong (modern Court dress), Norris Fosbery (Mousquetaire), and Alston. CAPTAINS — Molesworth (Mousquetaire), J. Barry (costume, Louis XVI.), Somerset (Mousquetaire), Brinkley (Court costume of the period), East (Mousquetaire), Granville (Mousquetaire), Cowan, Lafone, Keighly-Peach, Bruce Hamilton, H. Welman (Court dress), Grant, Towers Clark (Court dress), Allfrey (Court dress, Louis XV.), and Oxley, 60th Rifles. MESDAMES — Armstrong (French Marquise), Gerald Arbuthnot (Court Dame), Armitage (Dame de la temps Louis XV.), H. Allfrey (Marquise, temps Louis XV.), Brinkley (Court Dame, Louis XV.), Frank Bibby (Lady of the Court of Louis XVI.), Everard Browne (Court Dame), Beech, Aubrey Cartwright, Chamberlayne (Court dress), Cowan, Cove-Jones, H. Chamberlain, George Cartland, Cartwright (Court Dame), J. S. Dugdale (Court lady), Blanche Drummond, Lindsay Eric-Smith (Pompadour costume), Fosbery, Wilson Fitzgerald, Fairfax-Lucy (Marquise Louis XV.), Granville, Graham, Gaskell (Grande Dame), Hulton (Court costume), Harvey Drummond, Irwin, Joliffe (Watteau), Edward Lucas (Lady of Court Louis XVI.), Morton P. Lucas (Court Lady, Louis XV.), E. Little, Leslie (of Balquhain), Lakin (Madame Roland), W. M. Low, Leslie (a la Watteau), Beresford Melville (Dame de la Court), J. Menzies (Duchess d’Angoulêne), Molesworth (costume Louis XVI.), Basil Montgomery (Marquise), Miller-Munday [sic] (Marie Therese, Queen of the Sicilies), Robert O. Milne (Dame de la Louis XVI.), Norris, Osborne (Madame de Pompadour), Arthur Paget (Duchess d’Orleans), Paulet, Ramsden (Madame de Colonne), Arthur Somerset (Shepherdess a la Watteau), Smythe, L. Gay Scott, Beauchamp Scott (Lady of time of Louis XVI.), Shaw, Sanders, Fred Shaw, S. C. Smith (Marquise temps Louis XVI.), Tree (Lady Louis XVI. period), Thursby-Pelham (Court dress), Tower (Duchess de Polignac), Towers-Clark (Lady of the Court of Louis XV.)[,] Francis Williams, Wheatley (Lady of time of Louis XV.), West [(]Court costume Louis XV.), and Francis Williams (Louis XV. costume). MADEMOISELLES—Allfrey, Armstrong (a laWatteau), Bromley Davenport, N. Booker (English lady of the Court of King George III.), Booker (Lady of time of Louis XV.), Muriel Bell, Nora Battye, Decapell Brooke, Spender Clay (Mdme Lamballe), Carleton (Watteau, Louis XV.), Chetwode, Anna Cassel, Carruthers (costume of the period Louis XV.), Champion, Hugh Drummond (Court costume), Constance Dormer (costume, Louis XV.), Beatrice Fitzherbert (Court Dame), Lucy (Mademoiselle de Montmirail), Granville, Gaskell (costume, Louis XV.), Hodgson (a la Watteau), Gladys Hankey (Marquese, reign Louis XV.), Irwin, Keighly-Peach akin (Dame de la Cours, Louis XV.), Lakin (a la Watteau), Lister-Kaye, Violet Leigh (Mdlle. de Chévreuse), Murray, Miller-Mundy (Court dress), J. Menzies (Duchess d’ Angoulêne), Naylor (Lady of the Court of Louis XV.), Nicol, Osborne (Mdme. de Pompadour, in garden dress), Perry, Constance Peel, Ramsden (Mdlle. de Colonne), E. N. Ramsden (Mdlle. de Coloane), Rushton (Lady of the Court of Louis XV), C. Starkey, Cicely Dudley Smith (Court dress, Louis XVI.), May Sanders (Louis XVI. costume), Cornwallis West (Mdlle. de la Court), Muriel Wilson (English costume of the period, Louis XV. and XVI.), Fleetwood Wilson (Lady, time Louis XVI.), and Waller (Fille de la Comtesse d’Artoix). MESSIEURS — G. A. Arbuthnot (modern Court dress), W. C. Alston (Infanterie Regiment de Forés), Allfrey, J. Arkwright, W. Armstrong, J. P. Arkwright, Robertson Aikman, Frank Bibby, Bromley-Davenport, Brinckman, P. B. Vander Byl (Mousquetaire), Beaumont, 60th Rifles, L. Bethell (Mousquetaire), Bainbridge, A. E. Batchelor (Garde de la Porte), Everard Browne (gentleman, temps Louis XV.), R. Barnes, Battye, F. C. Hunter Blair (Mousquetaire), Beech (Garde au corps du Roi), C. B. Clutterbuck (Mousequetaire), Cassel (modern Court dress), Collings (modern court dress), Felix Cassel, Caryl Craven (military uniform of the period), Aubrey Cartwright, Chamberlayne, Bertram Chaplin, Cove-Jones, E. S. Chattock, H. Chamberlain, Drummond Chaplin (Court dress), G. Cartland, J. S. Dugdale (Recorder), M. Farquahar (Mousquetaire), Cyril Foley (officer du corps du Roi Pologne Stanilas), Kenneth Foster (Mousquetaire), S. M. Fraser (Mousquetaire), Fairfax-Lucy (Colonel George Lucy), J. S. Forbes (Mousquetaire), B. J. Fitzgerald (Mousquetaire), Francis Fitz-Herbert (Fusilier du Roi), J. B. Fitz-Herbert (gentleman, temps Louis XV.), Wilson Fitzgerald, R. Flower (modern Court dress), Francis, Flower (modern Court dress), Granville, J, Grenfell, Graham, G. de J. Hamilton (Mousequetaire), E. Harrington (Mousquetaire), Hutton, Head, H. T. Hickman (Court dress), Percival Hodgson (Court dress), Irwin, Joliffe, Joostens (Diplomatic Court dress), M. T. Kennard (Maison du Roi), F. Laycock (officer of Pondicherry Regiment), Morton P. Lucas (gentleman of the period), R. W. Lindsay (Court dress, late 18th century), E. Little, Lister-Kay, Lakin (modern Court dress), R. Lakin (the Duc de Brissac), Richard Lant (modern court dress), John Lant (M. Vauthier), H. G. Lakin (the Marquis de Breze), W. M. Low (David Garrick), Meyrick, Murray (Mousquetaire), C. de Murietta (Marechal Saxe), J. Moncrieffe (gentleman of the period), H. Mordaunt (gentleman, temps. Louis XV.), T. J. Meyrick (gentleman, temps. XV.), F. Menzies, H. Molesworth, Basil Montgomery (Courtier, Louis XV.), John Monckton, R. O. Milne (Chevan-le’ ger de la Garde du Roi, Louis XVI.), H. du C. Norris (Court dress, Louis XV.), J. Norris (Marquis of France), Norton (Louis XVI. costume), C. S. Paulet (modern Court dress), Quinton-Dick (Mousquetaire), Arthur Paget, Ralph Paget (dress of Louis XV.), Oswald Petre (modern Court dress), George Peel, W. R. W. Peel, G. R. Powell (Court dress), Mark J. Paget (gentleman of period of Louis XV.), Ramsden (Mons. de Calonne), L. G. Scott (Mousquetaire), H. Spender Clay (Court dress of the period), Smythe, Shaw, S. Sanders (Mousquetaire), F. Shaw, S. O. Smith (modern court dress), M. Oswald Smith (gentleman of the Court of Louis XVI.), Cameron Skinner, W. L. Thursby (Mousequetaire), C. J. H. Tower (officier Gardes Suisses), Tree, Thursby-Pelham, Tower (officier Gardes Suisses), J. H. Wheatley (modern Court dress), Read Walker (officier d'Infanterie), Francis Williams, Montague Wood, West, Gordon Wood and Anthony White. DESCRIPTION OF COSTUMES. Appended are descriptions of the chief costumes worn:— EARL OF WARWICK. Field Marshal, Louis XVI. — Military coat with the long skirts of the period, having turned-back revers of white cloth, laced, after the military fashion, with gold, white knee-breeches and silk stockings. The cravat and ruffles were of lace. A white wig in Louis XVI. style, and a three-cornered black beaver hat with gold braid all round the brim, which was edged with small white ostrich plumes, completed a handsome and artistic costume. A sword was worn in a swordbelt of the period. COUNTESS OF WARWICK. Marie Antoinette — Gala costume. Rich brocade dress, with a ground of a delicate tint of pearl, with a suggestion of pink in it, the design roses in gold, with gold foliage, lilies in white, some small blue flowers and clusters of pink blossoms, with bright old- world green as foliage. The skirt was quite plain, and the [b/c] bodice drawn into shaped points at the hips, so that it sat right out at either side. It was full, and yard on the ground at the back, The bodice was finished with points back and front, and was cut with absolute perfection. Round the shoulders were full soft folds of gold-flecked French silk muslin edged with beautiful gold lace. The sleeves were plain and tight to the elbow, whence they were finished with triple frills of the gold-flecked muslin, each bordered with gold lace, and with ruffles falling from beneath the frills of point d’Alençon lace. The frills were headed with bands of gold embroidery. At the back, suspended from both shoulders by gold cords, was a beautiful Court mantle of deep rich blue velvet, not so pale as turquoise nor so strong as the shade we call Royal, but a bright lovely colour. This was embroidered all over with a raised design of fleur de lys in dull and burnished gold, and was lined with the same blue velvet. The hair was dressed high with a magnificently embroidered head-dress. Her ladyship wore the Warwick family diamonds round her neck as a collar, a turquoise velvet cap clasped with jewels on her white coiffure and a bandeau of family jewels under her cap. Her court mantle was fastened at the shoulders with a tiara of diamonds widened out so as to clasp the cloak from shoulder to shoulder. THE COMTESSSE AHLEFELDT. Dame de Ia temps Louis XVI. — cream silk petticoat, with front of real ha[n]d-worked silk embroidery, done in the time of Louis XVI., the design being convolvulus and other flowers wrought in dull pink, blue, and green silks, and feathers tied with true lover’s knots. There was a bright shell pink tunic-shaped overdress, with Watteau back, edged with real Brussels, white silk stomacher, large pink bows in front and on each hip; and wreath of pink roses. MRS GERALD ARBUTHNOT. Brocade gown with Watteau back and paniers, cerise satin petticoat, studded with large blue satin bows, cerise velvet stomacher, fechu of Brussels lace; head-dress, cap of cerise velvet and blue plumes. MRS ARMITAGE. Dame de la temps Louis XV. — Light grey satin dress brocaded with bunches of cyclamen, roses with green leaves, and ornamented with velvet to match, and groups of yellow and cyclamen roses. MRS ARMITAGE (KIRROUGHTEN). Lady of the Court of Louis XVI. — Bodice and short train, with Watteau plait of pale heliotrope and green brocade, with large revers of heliotrope satin, and bodice trimmed with petunia velvet and petunia and yellow roses and lace; petticoat of heliotrope satin and lace flounces, diamond and sapphire ornaments; hair ''poudré'', with heliotrope feathers. MISS ARMSTRONG. ''A la'' Watteau. — White watered silk, brocaded with stripes and clusters of roses. The front of the petticoat was draped with blue chiffon, and edged at the bottom with pink roses, bodice with blue satin bows in front, and on the shoulders and neck, and sleeves trimmed with full white chiffon and pink roses, powdered hair, wreath of roses and blue bow. MRS ARMSTRONG. French Marquise. — Handsome cream coloured real old brocade with black velvet front, and trimmings of very old point de Venice, and festoons of pink roses. MRS EVERARD BROWNE. Brocaded satin with silver stripes. MRS FRANK BIBBY. Lady of the Court of Louis XVI. — White satin dress, with skirt draped with old lace, pink chiffon sash embroidered with silver; diamond buttons on corsage. CAPTAIN BRINKLEY (WARWICK). Court dress of the period — Claret-coloured coat and knee-breeches, white silk embroidered waistcoat, white silk stockings and old paste buckled shoes, Louis XVI. wig, and Court sword. MRS BRINKLEY. Marquise du Deffant — Train of white brocade embroidered in roses and forget-me-nots, the paniers lined and turned back with green satin and guipure; petticoat of pink satin and old Honiton lace, trimmed with pink roses; Louis XV. wig, with roses and diamonds. THE EARL OF BURFORD. Military costume of Louis XV.’s time — White cloth with pale blue facings, trimmed handsomely and effectively with gold. MISS MURIEL BELL. Princesse de Lamballe — Pink satin brocade, white petticoat, pink roses; hair ''poudré''. MISS N. BATTYE (LONDON). English dress of the period — Light blue satin dress[,] lace fichu, large black velvet hat with white ostrich feathers. MISS DE CAPELL BROOKE. Lady of the time of Louis XV. — Pink figured silk, over white satin skirt, edged with gold gimp, Watteau back; hair powdered. MR BEECH. Garde du Corps du Roi — Crimson coat, white facings, and gold lace. MRS BEECH. Madame de La Fayette — Old brocade, with lace and crimson roses and black velvet bows. MR F. C. HUNTER BLAIR (LEAMINGTON). Mousquetaire Uniform Louis XV., in white, scarlet, and gold. CAPTAIN JIM BARRY (LONDON). Mousquetaire Louis XV. — Black knee-breeches, light blue coat and waistcoat, faced with white, and trimmed with gold lace. MR CARYL CRAVEN. Mousquetaire, Louis XVI. — White and gold. THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD. Court costume — Coat of pale blue corded silk, the cuffs, pocket flaps, and fronts all richly wrought with gold, while the buttons were old paste and amethysts. The knee-breeches were blue silk, and the blue silk stockings were clocked with gold, and Court shoes were worn, with diamond buckles, The waistcoat was of yellow satin, brocaded with pink rosebuds, and having old paste and amethyst buttons. A jabot of old lace was pinned with a diamond brooch, and the ruffles were of similar lace. A white wig was worn with a three-cornered gold-laced and white-plumed hat. COUNTESS CAIRNS. Duchess de Bouillon — Dress of light-hued satin, with relief of pink diamonds, and pink roses in the hair. MR CHAPLIN. Court suit of green silk velvet, with embroidered vest and white wig. LORD CHURCHILL. Court costume — Blue brocade, with steel buttons and knot of ribbon, fringed with silver on one shoulder; white satin waistcoat and blue knee-breeches. LORD CLIFTON. Officer of the Guards, Louis XV. — Coat of pale green cloth, turned back with crimson, and laced with gold. MISS SPENDER CLAY. Madme. Lamballe — A pretty pink and white brocade dress in the style of Louis XV., and with large hat, trimmed with ostrich plumes and roses. She carried a white wand surmounted by roses. MISS CARLETON. Watteau, Louis XV. — Blue silk brocaded dress, with little pink roses, and pink satin petticoat with Watteau pleat, hair arranged with pink wreath of roses and pink feathers. MRS CARTWRIGHT. White satin dress, trimmed with sable and point de gaze lace; musseline de soie fichu edged with lace, and caught up with clusters of pink roses. MISS CHAMPION (NORFOLK). Dress of old brocade; petticoat of Rose de Barri satin, trimmed with pearls and lace; lace fichu, large rose hat with plumes, and pearl ornaments. MRS CHAMBERLAYNE (STONEY THORPE). Marquise Louis XV. — Pink satin petticoat, yellow flowered silk bodice, and train from the shoulders; pink satin ribbon and diamonds in the powdered hair. MISS CARUTHERS (WARDINGTON, BANBURY). Short-waisted dress of period Louis XV.; yellow brocade over yellow satin petticoat; old lace and roses. MR BERTRAM CHAPLIN. Period Louis XVI. — White satin coat and breeches, pink satin waistcoat. MR QUENTIN DICK. Officer of the Household of Louis XV. — White cloth uniform, faced with blue, and braided with gold. MISS DRUMMOND (SHERBOURNE HOUSE). A blue brioche, brocaded with pink roses and leaves, and gaily trimmed with pink Banksia roses, petticoat of white satin, flounced with lovely Brussels lace, bodice [sic] of bioche silk, with white front trimmed with roses and old-fashioned gauze, necklace of roses and pearls, and wreath of roses. HON. MRS HUBERT DORMER (LONDON). Court dress Louis XVI. — Petticoat of pink satin, point lace flounce; overdress of dark red satin, in paniers, looped with red and pink roses, diamond and pearl ornaments. MR J. S. DUGDALE, Q.C. Recorder’s Court dress of the period — Black silk gown with lace ruffles, black silk stockings, buckle shoes, and full bottomed wig. MRS J. S. DUGDALE. A very handsome bright blue silk brocaded with white, and made ''à la'' Pompadour, with white satin front trimmed with dark fur, the bodice made with pearl trimmings, and a white muslin fichu tied at one side under a bunch of pink roses, hair dressed with blue feathers, wreath of pink roses, and a tiara of diamonds in front. [Col. c/d] M<small>ISS</small> C<small>ONSTANCE</small> D<small>ORMER</small> (H<small>ASTINGS</small>.) Marquise Louis XVI. — Gown of white silk brocaded with roses, Watteau back. Pearl ornaments. L<small>ADY</small> A<small>NGELA</small> S<small>T</small>. C<small>LAIR</small> E<small>RSKINE</small>. Lady Mary Campbell — White muslin costume, with broad blue silk sash. S<small>IR</small> A<small>RCHIBALD</small> E<small>DMONSTONE</small>. Mousquetaire — White cloth uniform, faced with blue and showing a blue waistcoat, the whole having a large amount of silver military braiding. M<small>RS</small> L<small>INDSAY</small> E<small>RIC</small>-S<small>MITH</small> (E<small>LFINSWARD</small>, H<small>AYWARD'S</small> H<small>EATH</small>. [sic no paren] Pompadour dress, period Louis XVI. — Yellow brocade, and white satin petticoat. M<small>RS</small> F<small>AIRFAX</small>-L<small>UCY</small> (C<small>HARLECOTE</small>). A Marquise. — Rich white brocade dress, with blue and straw brocade saque, edged with Brussels lace, and Brussels lace flounce, Vandycked round, petticoat with pink roses, lace ruffles and fichu, and pink roses and diamonds in the hair completed the costume. M<small>R</small> F<small>AIRFAX</small>-L<small>UCY</small> (C<small>HARLECOTE</small>). Colonel George Lucy — Red lilac-coloured cloth suit, Court dress of the period, edged with silver lace, and belonged to Colonel G. Lucy in 1744; silk stockings of the same colour, high-heeled shoes, with diamond buckles, and knee buckles, lace ruffles, and cravat. M<small>R</small> B<small>ASIL</small> J. F<small>ITZGERALD</small>. Mousquetaire — Uniform of dark green cloth, faced with tan, and trimmed with silver, old point d’Alencon ruffles, tan silk sash, and cross belt of tan and silver. M<small>R</small> B. F<small>ITZGERALD</small>. Mousquetaire — White uniform, with orange velvet facings braided with gold, crossbelt of white and gold, a yellow sash, and the high black leather boots of the period. M<small>RS</small> W<small>ILSON</small>-F<small>ITZGERALD</small>. Dress of the real old brocade of Louis XV.’s reign. T<small>HE</small> H<small>ON</small>. C<small>LEMENT</small> F<small>INCH</small>. Gentleman of the period Louis XV. — Coat of blue watered silk, with silver trimming, satin breeches to match, white satin vest, and black hat decked with silver. M<small>ISS</small> B<small>EATRICE</small> F<small>ITZHERBERT</small>. Dress of pale blue satin, lined with pink, with pink roses on the corsage, Louis XVI. period. She wore a beautiful pearl necklace, with large diamond pendant, and two diamond sprays, all of which were given by George IV. to Mrs Fitzberbert. M<small>AJOR</small> F<small>OSBERY</small> (W<small>ARWICK</small>). Mousquetaire — Claret-coloured tunic, with salmon-colour cuffs, lace ruffles, &c. M<small>RS</small> F<small>OSBERY</small> (W<small>ARWICK</small>). Marquise — Pink satin petticoat, covered with lace, grey and pink brocaded bodice and train, pink roses and ostrich plume in powdered hair. L<small>ADY</small> G<small>ERARD</small>. Duchess de Pognac — Dress of pale blue brocade, decked with small roses, with front of pink satin; fichu of muslin and lace, and stomacher of lace and roses. L<small>ADY</small> E<small>VA</small> G<small>REVILLE</small>. Polichinelle, Louis XV. — White satin gown ornamented at the bottom with a trelliswork of silver, studded with small pink roses; corsage to correspond, and fastened across the stomacher by large diamond hooks and eyes. T<small>HE</small> H<small>ON</small>. S<small>IDNEY</small> G<small>REVILLE</small>. Officer of the Regiment of Swiss Guards — Coat of pale blue cloth, nearly bordering on green — quite a turquoise shade. The revers were white, and turned back from a white waistcoat braided with gold. The braiding was continued down the white revers of the coat and on the skirts; white satin knee-breeches, silk stockings, Court shoes, white wig, and three-cornered hat, trimmed with gold braid and white ostrich feathers, completed one of the most effective of military attires. A sword was, of course, worn. T<small>HE</small> H<small>ON</small>. L<small>OUIS</small> G<small>REVILLE</small>. Mousquetaire, Louis XV. — Claret-coloured coat, laced with gold over white; a white silk sash, sword-belt of red cloth with gold, white knee-breeches, Court shoes, silk stockings, and the wig and three-cornered hat of the time. T<small>HE</small> H<small>ON</small>. M<small>RS</small> L<small>OUIS</small> G<small>REVILLE</small>. Dress of the period — Petticoat of deep rose-petal pink satin, with a full flounce of white lace headed by trails of roses; over-dress of white satin, brocaded with a design of roses and lined with pale-green satin, pointed bodice showing a pink vest laced across, and ruffles and fichu of Mechlin lace to correspond with the flounce. The hair was powdered and dressed high, with an ornament of roses and diamonds at one side. C<small>APTAIN THE</small> H<small>ON</small>. A<small>LWYN</small> G<small>REVILLE</small>. Mousquetaire — Coat of scarlet cloth, cuffs and fronts turned back with white and laced with gold, and broad red silk sash, white knee-breeches, silk stockings, and Court shoes. THE H<small>ON</small>. M<small>RS</small> A<small>LWYN</small> G<small>REVILLE</small>. Dame de la Court Louis XV. — Over-dress of pink mirror velvet bordered with dark fur, opening over a front of cream satin, long pink velvet sleeves with roses and fichu of fine old lace on the corsage; hair dressed ''a la'' Princess Lambale. M<small>RS</small> G<small>ARKELL</small>. Grande Dame — Blue shot-satin dress adorned with point, d’Alençon lace, veiled with silver tissue under white gauze and tied up by a wide blue chiffon sash caught at the arm-holes with diamond buttons; ornaments, enamelled medallions set in diamonds. M<small>RS</small> G<small>ASKELL</small>. Gainsborough costume — White satin and blue chiffon, Louis XVI.; old diamond necklace. M<small>ISS</small> G<small>ASKELL</small>. Costume, Louis XV. — Blue and pink costume of that period, with a very large black velvet hat, trimmed with blue feathers. M<small>ISS</small> G<small>ORDON</small>. All in white, lined with blue satin, the front of the bodice made of fine muslin, caught up with small pink roses; and a little wreath of pink roses in the hair, and diamonds. M<small>ARCHIONESS OF</small> H<small>ERTFORD</small>. Lady time of Louis XVI. — Black velvet dress and train, white satin front covered with old point lace; long pointed bodice with lace fichu, long velvet sleeves lined with white satin, front of dress covered with diamonds. White full-dress wig, with lace lappets and diamonds. M<small>RS</small> E<small>RNEST</small> H<small>UTTON</small> (G<small>ROVE</small> P<small>ARK</small>, W<small>ARWICK</small>.) Marquise Louis XVI. — Overdress of light green satin brocaded with pink roses and faced with pale pink satin over white satin petticoat, with lace flounce beaded with pink roses. Pearl and diamond ornaments. E<small>RNEST</small> H<small>UTTON</small> (G<small>ROVE</small> P<small>ARK</small>). English Court dress — Black velvet, point lace ruffles. M<small>R</small> H. T. H<small>ICKMAN</small>. Court dress, time of Louis XV. — Black velvet coat, knee-breeches, trimmed with white lace. M<small>RS</small> H<small>UTTON</small>. Court costume — Dress with paniers of pale-green brocade over a white satin petticoat having a flounce of lace headed by roses. M<small>ISS</small> H<small>ODGSON</small>. ''A la'' Watteau — Sang de boeuf coloured satin petticoat, trimmed with old lace, caught up with roses; a corset and polonaise of rose figured satin, the latter trimmed with deep revers of green satin; white wig; ornaments, pearls and diamonds. M. J<small>OOSTENS</small> (B<small>ELGIAN</small> L<small>EGATION</small>, L<small>ONDON</small>). Courtier, Louis XVI. — White satin knee breeches, claret velvet coat and waistcoat, point lace ruffles. M<small>RS</small> H. J<small>OLIFFE</small> (G<small>OLDICOTE</small>). Marquise of Louis XV. — Blue silk brocaded dress with pink roses, the petticoat of pink satin trimmed with white lace and pink roses, and the over-dress turned back with green satin edged with gold embroidery. L<small>ORD</small> K<small>ENYON</small>. Officier of the Regiment du Roi, Louis XVI. — Handsome dress of white cloth faced with pale-blue and laced with gold. T<small>HE</small> [[Social Victorians/People/Keppel|H<small>ON</small>. G<small>EORGE</small> K<small>EPPEL</small>]] (2, Wilton Crescent, London). Mousequetaire — White cloth, with an exquisitely jewelled Order around his neck. T<small>HE</small> [[Social Victorians/People/Keppel|H<small>ON</small>. M<small>RS</small> G<small>EORGE</small> K<small>EPPEL</small>]]. Lady, time Louis XVI. — Gown of shell pink satin, pointed bodice, with full paniers, of antique brocade of the real deep rose shade known as du Barri sewn with silver thread and bouquets of roses. Full petticoat, of dull creamy-tinted satin, with a deep band round it of silver tissue embroidered with garlands of small leafless roses. The sleeves had long ruffles of old lace. The hair was powdered and dressed elaborately and high, with three rose du Barri feathers in it and a little cap of lace. The shoes were of pink satin, with diamond buckles. T<small>HE</small> E<small>ARL OF</small> L<small>ONSDALE</small>. M. de Capuisan, Keeper of the Royal Stud, Louis XV. — Coat and knee-breeches were of ruby velvet, richly wrought with gold and with rare and valuable paste buttons on the former, while the vest was of pearl-white satin edged with very beautiful embroidery, white silk stockings, Court shoes with diamond buckles, lace ruffles and jabot with diamond brooch, jewelled hilted Court sword, and white wig with three-cornered hat with gold lace and white plumes. L<small>ORD</small> L<small>OVAT</small>. Comte d’Artagnas — Military costume of the period in white, faced with blue and laced with gold; an embroidered pouch slung from his belt, embroidered in gold, silk stockings, Court shoes, white wig, sword, and three-cornered hat. M<small>ISS</small> L<small>UCY</small> (C<small>HARLECOTE</small> P<small>ARK</small>). Madenoiselle de Montmirail — White satin petticoat, with deep flounce of Brussels lace, caught up with pompom; pink roses; witite brocade saque, laced with pearls; lace ruffles and fichu; large black velvet hat and plumes. M<small>ISS</small> L<small>AKIN</small>. Watteau costume — White satin brocade with white satin petticoat, festooned with roses. [Col. 4–5] T<small>HE</small> P<small>ORTUGUESE</small> M<small>INISTER</small> (D<small>ON</small> L<small>OUIE DE</small> L<small>OUVERAL</small> [Soveral]). Mousquetaire of the 2nd Company of the Royal Household, Louis XV. — Scarlet, laced with gold and relieved with white, high black Mousquetaire boots, a plastron [sic] embroidered with the Royal arms, white wig, three-cornered hat gold-laced and white-plumed, sword. M<small>R</small> R<small>ICHARD</small> L<small>ANT</small> (N<small>AILCOTE</small> H<small>ALL</small>, C<small>OVENTRY</small>). Present day Court dress, with Louis XV. white wig. H<small>ON</small>. M<small>RS</small> C<small>HANDOS</small> L<small>EIGH</small>. The Duchesse de Polignac, period Louis XVI. — Petticoat of pale pink brocade, with corsage and train of sapphire blue velvet and lace fichu. M<small>ISS</small> V<small>IOLET</small> L<small>EIGH</small>. Mdlle. de Chévreuse, period Louis XV. — Petticoat of white satin, with lattice work of pink roses, corsage with paniers and Watteau plait of sxy blue satin, lined with pale pink satin; powdered hair, with small wreath of roses, pearls, and white plume. M<small>RS</small> E<small>RNEST</small> L<small>ITTLE</small> (<small>OF</small> N<small>EWBOLD</small> P<small>ACEY</small>). Lady of the reign of Louis XV. — Train of brocade, in white and purple, over dress of satin, trimmed with old lace and pink roses. M<small>R</small> L<small>INDSAY</small> (R<small>ED</small> H<small>OUSE</small>, B<small>ARFORD</small>). Court dress late 18th century, composed of black velvet. M<small>RS</small> E<small>DWARD</small> L<small>UCAS</small> (15, L<small>ENNOX</small> G<small>ARDENS</small>, L<small>ONDON</small>) Lady of Court Louis XVI. — Pink brocade, with green satin petticoat. M<small>RS</small> M<small>ORTON</small> P. L<small>UCAS</small> (T<small>HE</small> O<small>AKS</small>). Court lady, Louis XV. — Black velvet bodice and train; and white satin petticoat trimmed Brussels lace and roses. M<small>R</small> M<small>ORTON</small> P. L<small>UCAS</small>. Gentleman of the period — Black velvet Court dress, trimmed with steel, white satin waistcoat, and knee- breeches. M<small>ISS</small> L<small>ISTER</small>-K<small>AYE</small>. Period Louis XVI. — Blue silk brocade, white petticoat, pink roses. M<small>R</small> L<small>ISTER</small> L<small>ISTER</small>-K<small>AYE</small>. Period Louis XVI. — Plum-coloured velvet coat and breeches, brocaded satin waistcoat. M<small>RS</small> L<small>ESLIE AND</small> H<small>ON</small>. M<small>RS</small> E. L<small>YON</small>. A la Watteau — Dresses of white and gold flowered brioche, with plain white satin fronts handsomely painted, the design being large, full blown pink roses and butterflies; hip panniers, and the bodices were of gold brioche, with white satin fronts trimmed with lace, large pearls, and Cairngorm jewels, neck ruffles edged with pearls and gold, and aigrettes and velvet bow of pink and gold. C<small>APTAIN THE</small> H<small>ON</small>. H<small>EDWORTH</small> L<small>AMBTON</small>. Courtier of Louis XVI. — Coat of bronze satin, richly-embroidered knee-breeches, and richly-embroidered waistcoat of pearl white corded silk, lace ruffles and jabot, and all the details to correspond. D<small>UKE</small> <small>OF</small> M<small>ANCHESTER</small>. Marquis de Grammont — White satin knee-breeches, white silk stockings, shoes with paste buckles, a coat of real old Louis XVI. brocade, with a design of feathers in gold on a cream-coloured background and of pink rose sprays, the fronts, pockets, and cuffs all richly wrought in gold, and with fine old paste buttons. He had also an exquisite real lace jabot, fastened with an antique diamond brooch, a white satin waistcoat finely emboidered, white wig, and black three-cornered hat. S<small>IR</small> C. M<small>ORDAUNT</small>, B<small>ART</small>. Gentleman of the period — Coat and knee-breeches of black velvet, with waistcoat of black broché, all three trimmed with cut steel buttons; lace ruffles and necktie; white wig, three-cornered hat, gold-headed cane finished with red and green ribbons; black silk stockings, and shoes with silver buckles. L<small>ADY</small> M<small>ORDAUNT</small> (W<small>ALTON</small> H<small>ALL</small>). Princess de Lamballe — Bodice and train of rich white brocade, trimmed with lace and wreaths of small pink roses, the train being edged with them all round; over pink satin petticoat, ornamented with bows of lace, lace flounce, and vandykes of pink roses. Hair powdered, over a cushion with curls in the neck, with wreath of pink roses, and loops of pink ribbon: White satin shoes, with pink heels and pink rosettes. Row of pearls round neck. M<small>R</small> B<small>ASIL</small> M<small>ONTGOMERY</small>. Mousquetaire — Uniform of white cloth and Royal blue velvet, embroidered in gold. M<small>R</small> M<small>ONCRIEFFE</small>. Gentleman of the period — Coat of pale ''vieux'' rose brocade trimmed with silver, satin breeches to match, sea-green satin waistcoat lightly worked over in silver, ruffles and jabot of white lace. M<small>R</small> R<small>OBERT</small> O. M<small>ILNE</small>. Chevau léger de la Garde de Roi, Louis XVI. — Scarlet cloth coat, faced with gold lace, knee-breeches, three-cornered hat with ostrich feathers, large Hessian boots. M<small>R</small> J. M<small>ONCRIEFFE</small>. Courtier Louis XVI. — Coat of yellow brocade, heliotrope knee-breeches, and gold laced heliotrope waistcoat. The coat had paste buttons, and the details as to wig, sword, ruffles, shoes, stockings, and three-cornered hat, were all correctly carried out. M<small>R</small> H. M<small>ORDAUNT</small> (W<small>ALTON</small>). Courtier of period Louis XV. — Coat of mauve brocade, full skirted and embroidered with gold, the waistcoat of mauve satin embroidered in floral design, knee breeches of shot manve and gold, silk stockings, Court shoes, powdered hair, lace ruffles, jabot and sword made up a costume, correct in every particular, of one of Louis XVI.’s courtiers. M<small>RS</small> H<small>ERBERT</small> M<small>OLESWORTH</small> (D<small>EVONPORT</small>, D<small>EVON</small>). Court dress of Louis XVI. — Yellow satin gown in paniers, trimmed with light blue velvet and pink roses. Diamond ornaments. C<small>APTAIN</small> H<small>ERBERT</small> M<small>OLESWORTH</small> (F<small>IELD</small> A<small>RTILLERY</small>, D<small>EVONPORT</small>, D<small>EVON</small>). Mousquetaire, Louis XV. — Claret velvet costume, slashed with pink satin. M<small>ISS</small> M<small>URRAY</small> (D<small>IDDINGTON</small> H<small>ALL</small>). Short eau-de-nil satin skirt, trimmed band of passementarie, bodice and paniers of pink and white broché, looped up with pink satin bows; trimmed ruching of mousselaine-de-soie over pink satin; white wig; pink roses; ornaments, pearls and diamonds. L<small>ADY</small> A<small>NN</small> M<small>URRAY</small>. Madam de Pompadour (after La Tour). — Dress was of white and gold, brocaded with large sprays of coloured flowers trimmed with ruching of vieux rose satin and lace; white wig; lace cap, with lappets and bow; ornaments, pearls and emeralds. M<small>ISS</small> M<small>ILLER</small>-M<small>UNDAY</small> [sic]. Pink dress with fichu. M<small>RS</small> M<small>ILLER</small>-M<small>UNDAY</small> [sic] (Shipley Hall, Derby). Court dress — Petticoat of yellow satin, draped with white silk muslin edged with little pink roses; over-bodice low and double-breasted, of blue velvet with miniature and paste buttons, and revers faced with pale-hued brocade and finished with lace; headdress of Marie Theresè, Queen the Sicilies, a silk handkerchief tied in a knot at one side, very like the portrait of Madame le Brun in the Louvre Gallery done by herself; also plumes and jewels. M<small>RS</small> J. M<small>ENZIES</small>. Duchess d’Angoulêne — Dress of pink satin in a loose full skirt, with a frill round the hem, a white muslin bodice, and a blue sash. Her bonnet, one of the period, was of blue velvet, with purple and blue ostrich plumes. M<small>RS</small> B<small>ERESFORD</small> M<small>ELVILLE</small>. Dress of green satin, lined with rose silk, and trimmed with roses and Venetian point lace. L<small>ORD</small> R<small>ICHARD</small> N<small>EVILLE</small>. Duc de Lanzun — Military coat of violet cloth, faced with white and braided with silver, violet silk stockings and knee-breeches, a white satin gold-embroidered waistcoat, silver epaulets, a sword in sword-belt, and all details to correspond. MR H. D<small>U</small> C. N<small>ORRIS</small>. Marquis of France, temps Louis XVI. — Coat and breeches rose silk, large diamond buttons to waistcoat, and superb diamond buckles on shoes. Sword hilt jewelled in steel. M<small>R</small> J. N<small>ORRIS</small>. Marquis of France — Green brocade velvet coat and breeches, white satin waistcoat, diamond buckles to shoes. M<small>RS</small> O<small>SBORNE</small>. Madame de Pompadour. — White silk dress, flowered with dandelions, and made with a Watteau back faced with pink, the petticoat of Rose du Barri silk with |ace flounces and jewelled trimmings, bodice also trimmed with lace and jewels, and long puffed tulle sleeves, drawn with narrow black ribbons; feathers in hair; gold and jewelled girdle. M<small>ISS</small> O<small>SBORNE</small>. Madame de Pompadour — In garden dress, pink petticoat with bands of black velvet at the edge, and overdress of white, brocaded with small rosebuds, large black velvet bow on one side under large pink roses, bodice ''en suite'' with lace and roses, and black bow on the right shoulder, and large white chip hat, wreathed in roses, and with black velvet and roses under the brim. S<small>IR</small> A<small>LGERNON</small> O<small>SBORN</small>, C<small>HICKSANDS</small> P<small>RIORY</small>. Civilian costume — Black velvet, with steel buttons, lace cravat, white wig and sword. P<small>RINCESS</small> H<small>ENRY OF</small> P<small>LESS</small>. Adrienne Lecouvreur — A handsome gown of ivory satin, the underskirt full, and embroidered, nearly half a yard deep, all round with gold, turquoise, amethyst, topaz, and briiliant jewelling. On the hip, the upper skirt was caught back with turquoise blue satin similarly embroidered. There were scalloped embroidered basques. Hair high and poudré; ornaments, diamond and turquoise. P<small>RINCE</small> H<small>ENRY OF</small> P<small>LESS</small>. Vicomte de Bragebone — Green uniform of an Officer of the Guard of Louis XVI., faced with scarlet and relieved with white, the whole elaborately braided with gold. [Col 5c–6a] C<small>OUNT</small> P<small>ALFFY</small> (A<small>USTRAILIAN</small> E<small>MBASSY</small>). Court dress—Black velvet, point lace ruffles. M<small>ISS</small> P<small>ERRY</small> (B<small>ITHAM</small> H<small>OUSE</small>). Louis XV. period. — Blue brocade, white satin petticoat, with beautiful deep old BrusseIs lace flounce. L<small>ADY</small> P<small>EEL</small>. Lady of 1787 — This costume, which was '''designed by Madame Eloffe, dressmaker to Marie Antoinette''', was composed of a white satin skirt, waistcoat and sleeves of blue satin; the back of the bodice, puffs on the sleeves, and loose train being of striped canary yellow and mauve brocade; a fichu of white satin lace, and frills of lace on the sleeves. A white wig with long falling curls, and a very high turban of lace on a blue bandeau, with feathers and flowers on the left side; ornaments, diamonds and emeralds. M<small>ISS</small> C<small>ONSTANCE</small> P<small>EEL</small>. Bergère of about 1771 — Petticoat of pink satin, with festoons of lace, hooped up with pink and yellow roses; bodice and puffed top skirt of white brocade and pink roses, and large puffed sleeves; Tuscany straw Gainsborough hat, with high pink and white feathers; hair ''poudre''. M<small>R</small> O<small>SWALD</small> P<small>ETRE</small> (W<small>HITLEY</small> A<small>BBEY</small>, C<small>OVENTRY</small>). Court dress (present day), with wig. T<small>HE</small> H<small>ON</small>. M<small>RS</small> F<small>RANK</small> P<small>ARKER</small>. Costume from a picture by Sir Joshua Reynolds — Grey brocade, white muslin fichu and cap; powdered hair. M<small>ISS</small> P<small>RACH</small>. Louis XV., Dame de Cours — White satin bodoce [sic] and tunic, jewelled over blue petticoat, trimmed with lace and roses, coffieur of the period. M<small>RS</small> A<small>RTHUR</small> P<small>AGET</small>. Duchess d’Orleans — A white satin dress bordered with sable and richly embroidered with steel. She wore diamond ornaments across the top of her bodice, down the front of the dress, and round her neck, while in her white hair were three black ostrich plumes. Her dress sleeves were bound with roses. E<small>ARL OF</small> R<small>OSSLYN</small>. Duc de Nemours — Uniform of a Colonel of Dragoons, period Louis XVI.; French grey and cherry colour, elaborately braided with gold. L<small>ORD</small> R<small>OYSTON</small>. Souis Brigadier of Mousquetaires, Louis XVI. — White coat with gold-laced cuffs and collar, a tabard of sapphire blue edged with gold and white embroidery, a diamond Maltese cross suspended on the breast, white knee-breeches and silk stockings, Court shoes, white wig, and three-cornered hat. T<small>HE</small> <small>DUCHESS OF</small> S<small>UTHERLAND</small>. Marie Leczinski, the wife of Louis XV. — White satin dress wrought handsomely with silver, and a regal robe, or mantle, of ruby velvet embroidered with gold. The front of the long pointed bodice was fairly ablaze with jewels — rubies, emeralds, and diamonds — of the Sutherland family collection. Along rivière of very large brilliants was used to loop up the Court mantle at the shoulders, a pointed diadem was worn on the forehead, and a large pearl ornament with pendant pear-shaped pearls at one side. The coiffure was low, in Louis XV. style. L<small>ADY</small> J<small>ANE</small> S<small>EYMOUR</small>. Lady, time of Louis XVI. — Biue quilted satia petticoat, white satin over-skirt and bodice trimmed with broad Valenciennes lace and pale-pink roses; hair powdered, with chaplet of roses and pearl ornaments. L<small>ADY</small> F<small>EODORA</small> S<small>TURT</small>. Madame la Marquise de la Pompadour — White satin costume, with the over-dress full and plain, and opening on a similar under-dress. The sleeves were of satin to the elbow, and finished with ruffles of point d’Alençon lace, while lace was arranged round the top of the bodice. The hair was worn high and ''poudré'', with a black cockade, the badge of the Queen’s Household, at one side. She wore a black satin cap sewn with diamonds and having a diamond aigrette. B<small>ARONESS</small> S<small>CHIMMELPENNINCK VON DER</small> O<small>YE</small> Pompadour costume—Overdress of dark green satin en train, Watteau back, over petticoat of white satin, brocaded with flowers; pearl and diamond ornaments. M<small>R</small> M<small>AURICE</small> O<small>SWALD</small> S<small>MITH</small> (H<small>AMMINWOOD</small>, E<small>AST</small> G<small>RINSTEAD</small>). Gentleman of the period of Louis XVI., copied from an old family picture. M<small>RS</small> G<small>UY</small> S<small>COTT</small> (H<small>OCKLEY</small>, M<small>ARTON</small>). Lady of the time of Louis XV. — Pink satin skirt, with Brussels lace and roses, white brocade body and overskirt, white wig, with pink roses and feather. M<small>RS</small> S<small>MITH</small> (T<small>HE</small> L<small>AWN</small>, W<small>ARWICK</small>). Lady of the Court of Louis XV. — A handsome gown of Louis XV. period, made of yellow brocade, lined and turned back with pale mauve satin and gold embroidery, over a petticoat of moss-green satin, with flounces of Brussels lace, and trails of westeria; bodice of yellow brocade, with fischu [sic] of white chiffon, fastened with green velvet bow and diamonds. M<small>ISS</small> M<small>AY</small> S<small>ANDERS</small> (S<small>NITTERFIELD</small>). Court dress of the period of Louis XVI. — White silk gown trimmed with gold, pink satin petticoat with revers of old point lace; hair ''poudré''; muslin fichu and pink roses. MR S. S<small>ANDERS</small> (S<small>NITTERFIELD</small>). Mousquetaire Corps du Garde de Louis XVI. — White frock coat with silver lace facings, blue waistcoat and breeches, white silk stockings, white wig, three-cornered hat, and sword. M<small>ISS</small> C. S<small>TARKEY</small> (N<small>OTTS</small>). Dress of white brocade, lined with pink silk; pink silk petticoat, trimmed with old lace and wreaths of roses; hair ''poudré'', with pink roses; pearl ornaments. M<small>RS</small> B<small>EAUCHAMP</small> S<small>COTT</small>. Period Louis XVI. — White and mauve satin brocade, trimmed with lace and fur, white wig. M<small>RS</small> A<small>RTHUR</small> S<small>OMERSET</small>. Shepherdess ''à la'' Watteau — Pompadour style, the dress and hat being trimmed with pink roses, and her crook tied with similar flowers. M<small>R</small> O<small>SWALD</small> S<small>MITH</small>. Gentleman of the Court, Louis XVI. — Dark-striped yellow coat, with needlework design in flowers in shaded silk, embroidered cream silk waistcoat, and pale-green satin breeches. C<small>APTAIN</small> S<small>OMERSET</small>. Mousquetaire — Gold cloth with broad gold-bued silk sash. H<small>ON</small>. B. W. H. S<small>TONOR</small>. Mousquetaire, Louis XVI. — Knickerbockers of a dark blue, with a doublet to match, having a cross emblazoned on the breast, and deep point lace collar, white satin coat skirts almost like a simulation of armour below his doublet, and a long military cloak of French grey cloth lined with scarlet, three-cornered hat, white wig, sword, silk stockings, and Court shoes. M<small>RS</small> T<small>HURSBY</small>-P<small>ELHAM</small>. White satin, with white roses and lace. M<small>ISS</small> V<small>IOLET</small> L<small>OFTUS</small> T<small>OTTENHAM</small>. Pink and white brocade over white satin, and pink roses in her powdered hair. M<small>R</small> T<small>OWER</small>. Officier Garde Suisse — Scarlet coat lined with white, blue facings, and three-cornered hat. M<small>RS</small> T<small>OWER</small>. Duchesse de Polignac — White satin, with old lace and rose coloured plumes. M<small>RS</small> T<small>REE</small>. Court Dame, Louis XV — Skirt of pink satin, with a tunic of most lovely silver tinsel brocade, having alternate stripes encllosing bunches of roses and baskets of flowers. Were the usual Watteau back and hip panniers, and the petticoat was arranged with a twist of chiffon above a frill of most beautiful cream lace, over these being a garland of pink roses, caught up on either side with a cluster of pink and cream feathers repeating to the top; the sleeves were made of brocade to the elbow, with hanging cream lace over pink chiffon and feathers on the shoulders, and the dress was completed by pink slippers with pink velvet bows, a Louis XV. fan of great beauty, and a staff of pink and green with green ribbons, roses, and feathers to match the dress. L<small>ORD</small> G<small>REY DE</small> W<small>ILTON</small>. Gentleman, temps Louis XV. — Coat of dark petunia velvet embroidered with gold, a white satin waistcoat elaborately gold laced, white silk stockings, jabot ruffles, wig, sword, hat, and shoes ''en suite''. T<small>HE</small> H<small>ON</small> D<small>UDLEY</small> W<small>ARD</small>. Mousquetaire — Uniform of dark blue cloth, with scarlet facings and elaborately braided with gold. L<small>ADY</small> W<small>ALLER</small>. Comtesse d’Artois — White satin quilted petticoat with a pearl at each corner of the pattern; gown of grey brocade lined with white satin; white lisse stomacher crossed by grey velvet bows fastened with diamonds. M<small>ISS</small> W<small>ALLER</small>. Fille de la Comtesse d’Artois — Gown of pale blue satin flecked with pink roses tied with ribbon, paniers and wreaths of roses. M<small>ISS</small> C<small>ORNWALLIS</small> W<small>EST</small>. Mademoiselle de la Court — Costume after a picture by Roslin depicting a girl about to decorate the statue of Love. She wore an underdress of pale pink satin with gown of white satin with demi-train, lined with pink. The body was decked with tulle, and long tulle streamers were pendant from the sleeves; head-dress was roses and violets, with pink and white ribbons. M<small>R</small> W<small>ILLIAMS</small>. Black velvet Court dress, with Louis XV. wig. M<small>RS</small> F<small>RANCIS</small> W<small>ILLIAMS</small> (W<small>ATCHBURY</small>, W<small>ARWICK</small>). Lady of the Court, Louis XV. — White satin bodice and train, with white satin petticoat trimmed with lace and pink roses. M<small>RS</small> W<small>EST</small> (A<small>LSCOT</small> P<small>ARK</small>). Lady of the Court of Louis XV. — A handsome gown of Louis XV. period, made of white broché silk, with bouquets of pink roses, over petticoat of rich pink satin with deep flounce of Brussels lace, caught up with trails of pink roses; bodice of same broché, with white chiffon fichu fastened in front with pink velvet bow and diamonds. [6, Col. 6c – 7, Col. 1a] ’ 8 aes” a thn =e" , and cirt; white satin petticoat trimmmec la acd white Leghora bat witb Miss Fixerwoop WIrson. ilk, the peau de soie pointed 2 over skirt lined with white, ap with roses, while black roses the powdered hair. 4 splendid stom- nds aod emeralds was wore Coronet Miromar ©.B. (Scots GUARDS). ye 1799—Rad tanic, gold braid, o ite gailera coming above the knee, black s, wig, and theee-cornered, hat. Mes HALL) ou XV. and train of pale with i + loured striped brocade, nk roses; aad 0 f pale { h collar 0 i ibroidered in and hig «3 nd iments, a wig with pic® roses SE). Mas Witte Low eX) y Duchess of h—Dress cop! from the portrait of the Hon. Mrs G raham, in with pink satin petticoat, a big black hat ¢ with white plumes, with diamonds. Mr W. M. Low. David Garrick—Costume worn by the actor, Mr Richard ndham, when impereo nating ivet coat, purp le satin character, ‘of rich purple ve waistcoat and knee-breeches, steel buttons, purple silk stockings, diamond buckles, black three-cor hat, and steel sword. ee ct y .<ref>"The Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle." ''Leamington Spa Courier'' 09 February 1895, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Cols. 1a–6c [of 6] – 7, Col. 1a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18950209/042/0006].</ref></blockquote> ==Anthology== ====Quote Intro==== The day of the ball, the ''Coventry Evening Telegraph'' published the following:<blockquote>GRAND BAL POUDRE AT WARWICK CASTLE. Writing this morning our Warwick representative says: Warwick Castle will tonight be the scene of a memorable spectacle, the Earl and Countess of Warwick having invited about four hundred guests to a ''bal poudre'', in which the costumes were to be of the style of the Louis XIV. and XV. period. The event has been looked forward to with considerable interest by the ''élite'' of the fashionable world, on account of the prominent position occupied by the Countess in society. Great preparations were made the Castle, the greater portion of which has been most lavishly decorated in the light and airy French style of the period. The dancing will take place in the Cedar drawing-room, the adjoining rooms having been set apart as retiring rooms. Supper will be served in the Great Hall, where the whole of the guests will be able to sit down together. The decorations have been carried out under the personal supervision of the hostess, who has received the valuable assistance and advice of Mr. Caryll Craven. The dance music will be supplied by Worm's famous "White Viennese" Band, while Johnson's (Manchester) Band will discourse in the supper room. The hostess will be dressed as "Mary Antoinette," Queen of Louis XVI. Her costume will be of rose-coloured brocade with a gold pattern, and a sky-blue velvet train embroidered with gold fleur-de lys. Lady Warwick's relative, the Duchess of Sutherland, will appear as the wife of Louis XV. in a costume of white and silver with crimson velvet train and silver fleur-de-lys. Lord Warwick will be in the dress of a military officer of the period, while Prince Francis of Teck has signified his intention of appearing in the uniform of "the Royals" (of the period). Owing to the demise of Lord Randolph Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough will not be present. The house party at the Castle included the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, the Portuguese Minister, Prince Francis of Teck, Prince and Princess Henry of Pless and Miss Cornwallis West, Duchess of Sutherland and Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine, Duke of Manchester, Earl and Countess of Rosslyn, Earl of Lonsdale, Earl of Burford, Earl of Chesterfield, Countess Cairns, Lord Clifden, Lord Kenyon, Lady Gerard, Lord Grey de Wilton, Lord Royston, Lord Lovat, Lady Norreys, Lady Eva Greville, Lord Richard Neville, Hon H. and Lady Fedora Sturt, Hon. H. Stonor, Captain the Hon. Hedworth Lambton, Mr. F. Menzies and Miss Muriel Wilson, Miss Naylor, Mr. Arthur Paget, Mr. Cyril Foley, Mr. C. de Murietta, and Mr. Layoock. The following accepted invitations to the ball, and most of them brought parties with them, the guests numbering in all about four hundred:— The Earl and Countess of Aylesford, Mr. and Mrs. Aubrey Cartwright, Mr. and Mrs. J. Stratford Dugdale, Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlayne, Sir C. and Lady Mordaunt, Mr. and Mrs. Smythe, Lord and Lady Hertford, Lady and Miss Waller, Mr. J. and Mr. J. P. Arkwright, Mr. and Mrs. M. Lucas, Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Dugdale (18), Mr., Lady Anne, and Miss Murray, Captain and Mrs. Brinkley, Mr. and Mrs. Guy Scott, Mr., Mrs., and Miss Irwin, Mr. and Miss Perry, Major and Mrs. Fosbery, Mr. Lindsay, Mr. R. Paget, Sir A. and Lady Hodgson, Mrs. Beauchamp Scott, Major and Mrs. Norris, Mr. and Mrs. Tree, Mr., Mrs. and Miss Granville, Mr. and Mrs. Joliffe, Captain and Mrs. Osborne, Mr. and Mrs. E. Little, Mr., Mrs., and Miss Lakin, Officers 6th Reg. District, Mr. Batchelor, Hon. Mrs. and Miss Chandos Leigh, Colonel and Mrs. Paulet, Mr. F. Hunter Blair, Mr. J. Alston, Mr. and Mrs. Hutton, Captain and Mrs. Cowan, Mr. and Mrs. Williams, Mr. and the Misses Allfrey, Mr. and Mrs. Wilson Fitzgerald, Mr. and Mrs. W. Allfrey, Mrs. and Miss Drummond, Mr. and Mrs. Shaw, Mr. R. and Mr. J. Lant, Mr. and Mrs. Sanders and party, Captain Lafone, Sir F. and Lady Peel, Captain and Mrs. Keighly-Peach, Miss Nicol and party, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Shaw, Mr. and Mrs. Cove Jones, Mr. and Lady G. Petre, Mr. R. Barnes, Mr. and Mrs. Wheatley, Mr., Mrs., and Miss Ramsden, Mr. and Mrs. W. M. Low, Mrs. Basil Montgomery, Mr. and Mrs. Thursby-Pelham, Mr. and Mrs. H. Chamberlain, Mr. Francis, Mr. and Mrs. Graham, Mr. and Mrs. West, Mr. and Mrs. Sam Smith, Officers 17th Lancers.<ref>"Grand Bal Poudre at Warwick Castle." ''Coventry Evening Telegraph'' 01 February 1895, Friday: 3 [of 4], Col. 4a–b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000337/18950201/021/0003.</ref></blockquote>The report from the ''Morning Post'' the next day:<blockquote>The Countess of Warwick's Bal Poudré at Warwick Castle last night was attended by a company of nearly 400 guests, and was a brilliant success. The magnificent suite of apartments was superbly decorated with choice flowers, while the many treasures of antiquity and historic interest which the Castle contains were displayed in the various rooms. The choice of costume was restricted to the period covering the reigns of Louis XV. and Louis XVI., with powdered hair or white wigs, but gentlemen were given the option of appearing in English Court dress with Louis XV. wigs. The Countess of Warwick, who represented Marie Antoinette, wore a dress of rose-coloured material brocaded with gold, with a train of sky-blue velvet, embroidered with fleur-de-lis. The Earl of Warwick was attired in a Maison du Roi costume of rich velvet, with gold and diamond buttons. Prince Francis of Teck wore the uniform of the period of his own regiment, the Royals. The Duchess of Sutherland, as the wife of Louis XV., was in a costume of white and silver, with a crimson velvet train embroidered with silver fleur-de-lis. Prince Henry of Pless wore a blue military dress of the period with red facings, while the Earl of Rosslyn donned the uniform of a Colonel of the reign of Louis XVI. The Hon. H. Sturt represented the Church of the period as an Abbé, and Mr. W. Low the stage as David Garrick. Amongst the other guests were the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador, the Portuguese Minister, Princess Henry of Pless, Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine, the Duke of Manchester, the Earl and Countess of Rosslyn, the Earl of Lonsdale, the Earl of Burford, the Earl of Chesterfield, Countess Cairns, Lord Clifden, Lord Kenyon, Lady Gerard, Lord Grey de Wilton, Lord Royston, Lord Lovat, Lady Norreys, Lady Eva Greville, Lord Richard Nevill, Lady Feodorowna Sturt, the Hon. S. Greville, the Hon. H. Stonor, Captain the Hon. Hedworth Lambton, Mrs. Menzies, Miss Muriel Wilson [sic no comma] Miss Naylor, Mr. Arthur Paget, Mr. Cyril Foley, Mr. C. de Murrieta, Mr. Caryl Craven, Mr. Kennard, and Mr. Laycock. The Countess of Aylesford brought a large party from Packington Hall. Herr Würm's White Viennese Band occupied the orchestra. Dancing commenced at nine o'clock, and at midnight the entire company sat down to supper in the large banqueting hall. The assembly was undoubtedly one of the most brilliant which has ever been gathered together within the walls of the historic Castle.<ref>"Arrangements for This Day." ''Morning Post'' 02 February 1895, Saturday: 5 [of 10], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18950202/052/0005.</ref></blockquote> == Notes and Questions == # ==References== qubhf2os6p7jc6wfqad3d4qqe6hp64a 0 316664 2688866 2688680 2024-11-26T04:07:20Z JackBot 238563 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[Soft properties of Boolean functions]] 2688866 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Soft properties of Boolean functions]] s2ogg6bcja3r3p1r81x50dvr0gszfy5 0 316665 2688864 2688682 2024-11-26T04:07:11Z JackBot 238563 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[Hard properties of Boolean functions]] 2688864 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Hard properties of Boolean functions]] khthfhxex2nswkzzjawf2gfzzvayvm3 0 316683 2688798 2024-11-25T13:35:06Z Dan Polansky 33469 New resource with "{{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be..." 2688798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent ijydkyhw3e82sbb4vp0a7wj1241pqqz 2688800 2688798 2024-11-25T13:36:33Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Entity */ 2688800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent 07cpqg3jxgo7dpwjsfakxba28lb8j0i 2688802 2688800 2024-11-25T13:42:32Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Living thing */ 2688802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent 509uwc8a19gtpvg2cc0bev8pepw0uu0 2688803 2688802 2024-11-25T13:44:41Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Other */ 2688803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? mt9tp25k3qnn3v149i34b70rpogx2ch 2688806 2688803 2024-11-25T14:10:54Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Artifact */ 2688806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. * What if the thing is made by an animal, such as a beaver dam? If beaver dam an artifact? Wikipedia uses the label "structures built by animals". ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? dqonow2nthlaa1d2l0xgux918lf653p 2688880 2688806 2024-11-26T07:24:00Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Entity */ 2688880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. Corollary: Words quasi-entity, pseudo-entity and non-entity should, properly taken, fail to refer. Since, there is no X such that X is not an entity. We can formulate the manner in formal symbolic logic: For all X: entity(X). Alternatively, for all X, isInstance(X, entity); but then, it holds isInstance(entity, entity). We said that an entity may not exist. We get: Exists X, not exists(X); that seems like a contradiction, but it isn't since the first "exists" is a logical quantifier whereas the second one is a predicate, and then, these are two different meanings of "exist". It is this confusion that may lead some sources to indicate existence as a defining characteristic of entity, which I argue it isn't. ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. * What if the thing is made by an animal, such as a beaver dam? If beaver dam an artifact? Wikipedia uses the label "structures built by animals". ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? c8lx65ty39rmgd9luwqwbuyh215in8v 2688883 2688880 2024-11-26T07:31:56Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Entity */ 2688883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. Corollary: Words quasi-entity, pseudo-entity and non-entity should, properly taken, fail to refer. Since, there is no X such that X is not an entity. We can formulate the manner in formal symbolic logic: For all X: entity(X). Alternatively, for all X, isInstance(X, entity); but then, it holds isInstance(entity, entity). We said that an entity may not exist. We get: Exists X, not exists(X); that seems like a contradiction, but it isn't since the first "exists" is a logical quantifier whereas the second one is a predicate, and then, these are two different meanings of "exist". It is this confusion that may lead some sources to indicate existence as a defining characteristic of entity, which I argue it isn't. Thus, Bilbo is an entity but does not exist. Moreover, someone can tell me about a person, name the person and describe the person. I build a representation of that person in the mind as an entity. Then I realize I was lied to and no such person exist. Then I may say, person so-and-so name does not exist. In terms of domain of discourse, the entity for that person has been established and it does not exist. (This would perhaps belong rather to an article on existence, but since existence is discussed as a potential defining characteristics of entity, it is not entirely off topic.) ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. * What if the thing is made by an animal, such as a beaver dam? If beaver dam an artifact? Wikipedia uses the label "structures built by animals". ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? q6udnwshp0yzltzaeqa1kjmefp1e6i5 2688884 2688883 2024-11-26T07:49:10Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Artifact */ 2688884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. Corollary: Words quasi-entity, pseudo-entity and non-entity should, properly taken, fail to refer. Since, there is no X such that X is not an entity. We can formulate the manner in formal symbolic logic: For all X: entity(X). Alternatively, for all X, isInstance(X, entity); but then, it holds isInstance(entity, entity). We said that an entity may not exist. We get: Exists X, not exists(X); that seems like a contradiction, but it isn't since the first "exists" is a logical quantifier whereas the second one is a predicate, and then, these are two different meanings of "exist". It is this confusion that may lead some sources to indicate existence as a defining characteristic of entity, which I argue it isn't. Thus, Bilbo is an entity but does not exist. Moreover, someone can tell me about a person, name the person and describe the person. I build a representation of that person in the mind as an entity. Then I realize I was lied to and no such person exist. Then I may say, person so-and-so name does not exist. In terms of domain of discourse, the entity for that person has been established and it does not exist. (This would perhaps belong rather to an article on existence, but since existence is discussed as a potential defining characteristics of entity, it is not entirely off topic.) ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. * What if the thing is made by an animal, such as a beaver dam? If beaver dam an artifact? Wikipedia uses the label "structures built by animals". We may complicate the matter by considering various degrees of artifciality and various degrees of being an artifact. Early flintstones could have feature minimum amount/scope of modification, and then, their being an artifact would have been borderline. One can even as if turn a found a flintstone into an artifact without a modification, by the act of careful selection via an extensive search; this matches a very deformed concept of an artifact, but maybe someone would find this convincing. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? id5vti02vsyfuajh4aur21qxyxp4plu 2688885 2688884 2024-11-26T07:51:02Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Artifact */ 2688885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. Corollary: Words quasi-entity, pseudo-entity and non-entity should, properly taken, fail to refer. Since, there is no X such that X is not an entity. We can formulate the manner in formal symbolic logic: For all X: entity(X). Alternatively, for all X, isInstance(X, entity); but then, it holds isInstance(entity, entity). We said that an entity may not exist. We get: Exists X, not exists(X); that seems like a contradiction, but it isn't since the first "exists" is a logical quantifier whereas the second one is a predicate, and then, these are two different meanings of "exist". It is this confusion that may lead some sources to indicate existence as a defining characteristic of entity, which I argue it isn't. Thus, Bilbo is an entity but does not exist. Moreover, someone can tell me about a person, name the person and describe the person. I build a representation of that person in the mind as an entity. Then I realize I was lied to and no such person exist. Then I may say, person so-and-so name does not exist. In terms of domain of discourse, the entity for that person has been established and it does not exist. (This would perhaps belong rather to an article on existence, but since existence is discussed as a potential defining characteristics of entity, it is not entirely off topic.) ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. * What if the thing is made by an animal, such as a beaver dam? If beaver dam an artifact? Wikipedia uses the label "structures built by animals". We may complicate the matter by considering various degrees of artificiality and various degrees of being an artifact. Early flintstones could have featured minimum amount/scope of modification, and then, their being an artifact would have been borderline. One can even as if turn a found a flintstone into an artifact without a modification, by the act of careful selection via an extensive search; this matches a very deformed concept of an artifact, but maybe someone would find this convincing. We may consider a plastic chair to be more artificial than a wooden chair since the material of the latter is more natural. They seem to have the same degree of being an artifact (artifacthood), but not the same degree of artificiality. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? 1t48zrro7m2q5fhhjxb2cfr3c8xa9o8 2688887 2688885 2024-11-26T07:56:38Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Artifact */ 2688887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. Corollary: Words quasi-entity, pseudo-entity and non-entity should, properly taken, fail to refer. Since, there is no X such that X is not an entity. We can formulate the manner in formal symbolic logic: For all X: entity(X). Alternatively, for all X, isInstance(X, entity); but then, it holds isInstance(entity, entity). We said that an entity may not exist. We get: Exists X, not exists(X); that seems like a contradiction, but it isn't since the first "exists" is a logical quantifier whereas the second one is a predicate, and then, these are two different meanings of "exist". It is this confusion that may lead some sources to indicate existence as a defining characteristic of entity, which I argue it isn't. Thus, Bilbo is an entity but does not exist. Moreover, someone can tell me about a person, name the person and describe the person. I build a representation of that person in the mind as an entity. Then I realize I was lied to and no such person exist. Then I may say, person so-and-so name does not exist. In terms of domain of discourse, the entity for that person has been established and it does not exist. (This would perhaps belong rather to an article on existence, but since existence is discussed as a potential defining characteristics of entity, it is not entirely off topic.) ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. * What if the thing is made by an animal, such as a beaver dam? If beaver dam an artifact? Wikipedia uses the label "structures built by animals". We may complicate the matter by considering various degrees of artificiality and various degrees of being an artifact. Early flintstones could have featured minimum amount/scope of modification, and then, their being an artifact would have been borderline. One can even as if turn a found a flintstone into an artifact without a modification, by the act of careful selection via an extensive search; this matches a very deformed concept of an artifact, but maybe someone would find this convincing. This idea is perhaps inspired by Duchamp's alleged turning something into art merely by the act of choice, requiring no modification of the object ([[W:Fountain (Duchamp)]]). We may consider a plastic chair to be more artificial than a wooden chair since the material of the latter is more natural. They seem to have the same degree of being an artifact (artifacthood), but not the same degree of artificiality. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? 31w0a92bhpcqp09k18qs2pws3rhpwkj 2688895 2688887 2024-11-26T08:06:40Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Artifact */ 2688895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. Corollary: Words quasi-entity, pseudo-entity and non-entity should, properly taken, fail to refer. Since, there is no X such that X is not an entity. We can formulate the manner in formal symbolic logic: For all X: entity(X). Alternatively, for all X, isInstance(X, entity); but then, it holds isInstance(entity, entity). We said that an entity may not exist. We get: Exists X, not exists(X); that seems like a contradiction, but it isn't since the first "exists" is a logical quantifier whereas the second one is a predicate, and then, these are two different meanings of "exist". It is this confusion that may lead some sources to indicate existence as a defining characteristic of entity, which I argue it isn't. Thus, Bilbo is an entity but does not exist. Moreover, someone can tell me about a person, name the person and describe the person. I build a representation of that person in the mind as an entity. Then I realize I was lied to and no such person exist. Then I may say, person so-and-so name does not exist. In terms of domain of discourse, the entity for that person has been established and it does not exist. (This would perhaps belong rather to an article on existence, but since existence is discussed as a potential defining characteristics of entity, it is not entirely off topic.) ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. * What if the thing is made by an animal, such as a beaver dam? If beaver dam an artifact? Wikipedia uses the label "structures built by animals". We may complicate the matter by considering various degrees of artificiality and various degrees of being an artifact. Early flintstones could have featured minimum amount/scope of modification, and then, their being an artifact would have been borderline. One can even as if turn a found a flintstone into an artifact without a modification, by the act of careful selection via an extensive search; this matches a very deformed concept of an artifact, but maybe someone would find this convincing. This idea is perhaps inspired by Duchamp's alleged turning something into art merely by the act of choice, requiring no modification of the object ([[W:Fountain (Duchamp)]]). We may consider a plastic chair to be more artificial than a wooden chair since the material of the latter is more natural. They seem to have the same degree of being an artifact (artifacthood), but not the same degree of artificiality. But then, perhaps the concept of artificiality vs. naturality (if it is a single concept) points to directions other than having to do with artifacts, e.g. natural vs. artificial human behavior. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? m79p5mq1kh74vwo34wysme94vkmh9rc 2688897 2688895 2024-11-26T08:27:57Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Person */ 2688897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. Corollary: Words quasi-entity, pseudo-entity and non-entity should, properly taken, fail to refer. Since, there is no X such that X is not an entity. We can formulate the manner in formal symbolic logic: For all X: entity(X). Alternatively, for all X, isInstance(X, entity); but then, it holds isInstance(entity, entity). We said that an entity may not exist. We get: Exists X, not exists(X); that seems like a contradiction, but it isn't since the first "exists" is a logical quantifier whereas the second one is a predicate, and then, these are two different meanings of "exist". It is this confusion that may lead some sources to indicate existence as a defining characteristic of entity, which I argue it isn't. Thus, Bilbo is an entity but does not exist. Moreover, someone can tell me about a person, name the person and describe the person. I build a representation of that person in the mind as an entity. Then I realize I was lied to and no such person exist. Then I may say, person so-and-so name does not exist. In terms of domain of discourse, the entity for that person has been established and it does not exist. (This would perhaps belong rather to an article on existence, but since existence is discussed as a potential defining characteristics of entity, it is not entirely off topic.) ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). Another sketch: * An entity with a non-trivial representative and executive agency. For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. * What if the thing is made by an animal, such as a beaver dam? If beaver dam an artifact? Wikipedia uses the label "structures built by animals". We may complicate the matter by considering various degrees of artificiality and various degrees of being an artifact. Early flintstones could have featured minimum amount/scope of modification, and then, their being an artifact would have been borderline. One can even as if turn a found a flintstone into an artifact without a modification, by the act of careful selection via an extensive search; this matches a very deformed concept of an artifact, but maybe someone would find this convincing. This idea is perhaps inspired by Duchamp's alleged turning something into art merely by the act of choice, requiring no modification of the object ([[W:Fountain (Duchamp)]]). We may consider a plastic chair to be more artificial than a wooden chair since the material of the latter is more natural. They seem to have the same degree of being an artifact (artifacthood), but not the same degree of artificiality. But then, perhaps the concept of artificiality vs. naturality (if it is a single concept) points to directions other than having to do with artifacts, e.g. natural vs. artificial human behavior. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? sgna3c74iwxdnwhlg1790d4lgzszipk 2688905 2688897 2024-11-26T11:19:32Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Entity */ 2688905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. Corollary: Words quasi-entity, pseudo-entity and non-entity should, properly taken, fail to refer. Since, there is no X such that X is not an entity. We can formulate the manner in formal symbolic logic: For all X: entity(X). Alternatively, for all X, isInstance(X, entity); but then, it holds isInstance(entity, entity). We said that an entity may not exist. We get: Exists X, not exists(X); that seems like a contradiction, but it isn't since the first "exists" is a logical quantifier whereas the second one is a predicate, and then, these are two different meanings of "exist". It is this confusion that may lead some sources to indicate existence as a defining characteristic of entity, which I argue it isn't. Thus, Bilbo is an entity but does not exist. Moreover, someone can tell me about a person, name the person and describe the person. I build a representation of that person in the mind as an entity. Then I realize I was lied to and no such person exist. Then I may say, person so-and-so name does not exist. In terms of domain of discourse, the entity for that person has been established and it does not exist. (This would perhaps belong rather to an article on existence, but since existence is discussed as a potential defining characteristics of entity, it is not entirely off topic.) The concept of entity is useful in definitions when one wants to avoid premature classification or what could perhaps be called ontological commitment. Thus, when "entity" is used as a genus in a definition, it is doubtful that it is genus ''proximus'' (nearby one). But then, some things defined need to be defined as entities and nothing more specific; these could perhaps be called high genera or something of the sort. Thus, e.g. animal could be a high genus, at least in some naive(?) ontology. ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). Another sketch: * An entity with a non-trivial representative and executive agency. For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. * What if the thing is made by an animal, such as a beaver dam? If beaver dam an artifact? Wikipedia uses the label "structures built by animals". We may complicate the matter by considering various degrees of artificiality and various degrees of being an artifact. Early flintstones could have featured minimum amount/scope of modification, and then, their being an artifact would have been borderline. One can even as if turn a found a flintstone into an artifact without a modification, by the act of careful selection via an extensive search; this matches a very deformed concept of an artifact, but maybe someone would find this convincing. This idea is perhaps inspired by Duchamp's alleged turning something into art merely by the act of choice, requiring no modification of the object ([[W:Fountain (Duchamp)]]). We may consider a plastic chair to be more artificial than a wooden chair since the material of the latter is more natural. They seem to have the same degree of being an artifact (artifacthood), but not the same degree of artificiality. But then, perhaps the concept of artificiality vs. naturality (if it is a single concept) points to directions other than having to do with artifacts, e.g. natural vs. artificial human behavior. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? oxpvstulmdx6dyt487ib2bjtuiueha9 2688906 2688905 2024-11-26T11:21:52Z Dan Polansky 33469 /* Other */ 2688906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Original research}} This article by Dan Polansky looks at some questions concerning upper ontology. The term upper ontology is used without deep understanding; if this is a misapplication, the article should better be renamed later. Some of the questions: * What is an entity? * What is a person? * What is an artifact? * What is a living thing? * What is an object? The initial draft may address only some of the questions. ==Entity== One definition of entity could be this (M-W has other definitions): * The root of ontology. But that is a meta-definition. A similar meta-definition: * A semantic node that has no hypernymic/superclass node. Let us try something else: * Anything (living or not) or anyone, including any referent of a word, phrase or a description, whether it exists or not, is real or imaginary/fictional, etc. Corollary: Nile is an entity, and so is Bilbo. Numbers are entities. Geoforms are entities. Persons, animals and plants are entities. Time points and spatial points are entities and so are time regions and spatial regions. Corollary: A mentally delineated part of an apple is an entity; since, it is referent of the description we just gave. One might object that this so-called entity only exists in the mind or by means by this description; a situation would be quite different if we used a knife to cut the apple into two halves. But an entity does not need to exist. Christian God is an entity and is omniponent, but (if you are an atheist), he does not exist. Corollary: Words quasi-entity, pseudo-entity and non-entity should, properly taken, fail to refer. Since, there is no X such that X is not an entity. We can formulate the manner in formal symbolic logic: For all X: entity(X). Alternatively, for all X, isInstance(X, entity); but then, it holds isInstance(entity, entity). We said that an entity may not exist. We get: Exists X, not exists(X); that seems like a contradiction, but it isn't since the first "exists" is a logical quantifier whereas the second one is a predicate, and then, these are two different meanings of "exist". It is this confusion that may lead some sources to indicate existence as a defining characteristic of entity, which I argue it isn't. Thus, Bilbo is an entity but does not exist. Moreover, someone can tell me about a person, name the person and describe the person. I build a representation of that person in the mind as an entity. Then I realize I was lied to and no such person exist. Then I may say, person so-and-so name does not exist. In terms of domain of discourse, the entity for that person has been established and it does not exist. (This would perhaps belong rather to an article on existence, but since existence is discussed as a potential defining characteristics of entity, it is not entirely off topic.) The concept of entity is useful in definitions when one wants to avoid premature classification or what could perhaps be called ontological commitment. Thus, when "entity" is used as a genus in a definition, it is doubtful that it is genus ''proximus'' (nearby one). But then, some things defined need to be defined as entities and nothing more specific; these could perhaps be called high genera or something of the sort. Thus, e.g. animal could be a high genus, at least in some naive(?) ontology. ==Person== A quick sketch of a definition: * An entity that can be a referent of ''who'' or ''someone'' (personal pronouns). Another sketch: * An entity with a non-trivial representative and executive agency. For more, see [[An analysis of the concept of person]]. ==Artifact== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything made by humans. Some complications: * What if the thing is made by robots (and these are made by humans)? That would also be an artifact. * What if the entity is a result of animal husbandry, such as a domestic cow or a dog? These entities are somewhat artificial, but they would not probably come under the head of artifact. * What if the thing is made by an animal, such as a beaver dam? If beaver dam an artifact? Wikipedia uses the label "structures built by animals". We may complicate the matter by considering various degrees of artificiality and various degrees of being an artifact. Early flintstones could have featured minimum amount/scope of modification, and then, their being an artifact would have been borderline. One can even as if turn a found a flintstone into an artifact without a modification, by the act of careful selection via an extensive search; this matches a very deformed concept of an artifact, but maybe someone would find this convincing. This idea is perhaps inspired by Duchamp's alleged turning something into art merely by the act of choice, requiring no modification of the object ([[W:Fountain (Duchamp)]]). We may consider a plastic chair to be more artificial than a wooden chair since the material of the latter is more natural. They seem to have the same degree of being an artifact (artifacthood), but not the same degree of artificiality. But then, perhaps the concept of artificiality vs. naturality (if it is a single concept) points to directions other than having to do with artifacts, e.g. natural vs. artificial human behavior. ==Living thing== A first attempt of a definition: * Anything that grows, reproduces and has a metabolism. A subclass-based alternative: * Any animal, plant, fungus, microorganism or virus. Here, viruses are something of a special case/borderline case. The subclass-based definition abandons genus-differentia and gains clarity as for scope. ==Other== The following are yet to be covered: * Object * Process * Event * Action * Activity * Relation * Agent * Negative object? Hole? * Quality * State 2xvzs28h5a0dzepsp5zpirve6lfh5n0 1 316684 2688805 2024-11-25T13:49:02Z Dan Polansky 33469 New resource with "==My relationship to Josef Šmajs== I must have talked to Šmajs perhaps in 1995 or 1996 (I think). I must have bought a book by him back then, perhaps ''Ohrožená kultura''. --~~~~" 2688805 wikitext text/x-wiki ==My relationship to Josef Šmajs== I must have talked to Šmajs perhaps in 1995 or 1996 (I think). I must have bought a book by him back then, perhaps ''Ohrožená kultura''. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 13:49, 25 November 2024 (UTC) h49ccdd6hrjif9o72qg7woidn5gmxp0 1 316686 2688810 2024-11-25T16:59:00Z OhanaUnited 18921 Review page created with data from [[template:article_info]] 2688810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#section-h:{{ARTICLEPAGENAMEE}}}} hb6yizcefglu2w3qsgzfbcclcdni9yi 6 316687 2688828 2024-11-25T22:07:10Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=LNK.1A: Static Linking (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2688828 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=LNK.1A: Static Linking (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} ig4kpwqk1gwwz08l6mq1zsnjoclopcr 6 316688 2688838 2024-11-25T22:58:14Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=LCal.8A: Combinator (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2688838 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=LCal.8A: Combinator (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} rtccekl1i6uurz59km4m75bb4qmkbus 6 316689 2688842 2024-11-25T23:18:07Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=ARM.2ASM: Brand and Return Instructions (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2688842 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=ARM.2ASM: Brand and Return Instructions (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} 0x1adnn7bbs7lz6vtbxa1z0u56oiqf7 6 316690 2688875 2024-11-26T07:04:21Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=VLSI.Arith: Carry Skip Adders 1A (20241125 - 20241123) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2688875 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=VLSI.Arith: Carry Skip Adders 1A (20241125 - 20241123) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} l7t9vs4y3jvjag7hzb4jldqkujh61yd 6 316691 2688878 2024-11-26T07:05:21Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=VLSI.Arith: Carry Skip Adders 1A (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2688878 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=VLSI.Arith: Carry Skip Adders 1A (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} 9mgh4tzr80obrcieczamfk3aftafsdl 6 316692 2688882 2024-11-26T07:30:30Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=C04.SA0: Address-of and de-reference operators 1A (20241125 - 20241123) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2688882 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=C04.SA0: Address-of and de-reference operators 1A (20241125 - 20241123) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} 6rfhz7cft9jscce4wb0t6u83iz80eb0 6 316693 2688889 2024-11-26T08:02:42Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=Laurent.5: Permutation 6B (20241125 - 20241123) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-25 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2688889 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=Laurent.5: Permutation 6B (20241125 - 20241123) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-25 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} a2mbhytbhttftjkr96utfzo20ayppjp 2688891 2688889 2024-11-26T08:03:25Z Young1lim 21186 /* Summary */ 2688891 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=Laurent.5: Permutation 6B (20241125 - 20241123) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} l0vk5p6v21kak06ac616gkc2wb47h5c 6 316694 2688892 2024-11-26T08:03:52Z Young1lim 21186 == Summary == {{Information |Description=Laurent.5: Permutation 6B (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2688892 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=Laurent.5: Permutation 6B (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} 60h2nqga56bidn8tfnkgxkh2ne37hu4 6 316695 2688894 2024-11-26T08:04:59Z Young1lim 21186 {{Information |Description=C04.SA0: Address-of and de-reference operators 1A (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} 2688894 wikitext text/x-wiki == Summary == {{Information |Description=C04.SA0: Address-of and de-reference operators 1A (20241126 - 20241125) |Source={{own|Young1lim}} |Date=2024-11-26 |Author=Young W. Lim |Permission={{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} }} == Licensing == {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} cthnlyjnu3qxbjnb9z9xa95fg8oi60p 0 316697 2688899 2024-11-26T08:54:08Z Bert Niehaus 2387134 Redirected page to [[Complex Analysis]] 2688899 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Complex Analysis]] 6po8vi19ccrm2zmvqeak12f6y0e6jwn 0 316698 2688904 2024-11-26T11:15:24Z Alexandru.munteanu98 2901947 assignment stub 2688904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Non-negociable submission rules:''' * Submission should '''a single file''' in '''.zip''' format ('''NOT .rar or .7z'''). * Name the file you submit '''<firstname>_<lastname>.zip'''. * Code '''must be original''' (i.e. not identical to other submissions). * Code '''must NOT be generated''' using gen-AI tools such as ChatGPT. * Any submissions after the deadline are automatically disregarded. == Exercises == 5dx9ac7scr5am5s3efvh4aozvlpmjlq